Lesson 2

The Historical Development of Teaching

as a Profession in the Philippines

Learning Outcomes:

1. Trace and explain the evolution and development of the Philippine educational
system in the historical and legal context using a graphic organizer.

Start-up!
Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong.
1. As early as the Spanish period, teaching was considered a profession. _______________
2. It was the Americans who elevated teaching in the Philippines as a profession. _______________
3. During the pre-Hispanic period, there was no established formal schooling in the country. _________
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Abstraction

Pre-Spanish
 During the pre-Spanish, education was: a. informal; b. unstructured; c. devoid of methods.
 Children were provided more vocational trainings and less academic (3 R’s) by their parents and
their tribal tutors. Mothers educated their female children in doing domestic chores. Fathers trained
their male children in looking for food and livelihood.
 The 3r’s-Reading, Writing, Rithmetic
 Home serves as the school .
 Alibata is an ancient writing system. It is composed of 17 letters, 14 letter is consonant, and three
letter is vowel.
 Aims of Education: security and survival, conformity, reservation and transmission of

Spanish Education
 Education was formal
 Teaching of Spanish language is compulsory
 Alibata was replaced by Romanized script
 Education was supressed, inadequate, and controlled
 Education was put under the control of religious orders, the friars
 In the early times of Spanish regime, education was for the elite.
 The focus of education during the Spanish colonization was mainly religious education.
 The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish missionaries
 Boys and girls are separated
 Education Decree of 1863 provided for the establishment of at least two primary schools, one
for boys and another for girls. (municipal government)
 Jesuits-normal schools for male teachers

Revolutionary Government
 The schools maintained by Spain for more three centuries were closed for the time being
but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior.
 Malolos Constitution established a system of free and compulsory elementary education.

American Period
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  1898- American occupied Manila, reopened schools wherein American soldiers were the first
teachers.
 English is the medium of instruction
 Restored damage schools houses, build new one’s and conduct classes.
 The spirit of democracy and progress as well as fair play was infused by the American teachers.
 Education should be universal and free regardless of sex, age, religion, and socio-economic
status of the individual.
 English and Mathematics dominated the curriculum and teaching of religion is prohibited.
 1901-highy centralized public school system was installed.
 Act no. 74 established the public primary school in 1901 and intermediate school in 1904 which
provides free public education.
 Thomasites are group of professionals sent by the US government to teach English language.
 Act No. 372 required all provinces to maintain provincial high school.
 1901- Philippine Normal School was founded to train teachers.
 1908- University of the Philippines was established.

Commonwealth Period
 Period of expansion and reform in the Philippine curriculum.
 All schools should develop moral character, civic conscience, personal discipline, nd
vocational efficiency
 Methods used: memorization, recitation, socialized recitation
 Education Act of 1940? Try to research

Japanese Period
 Military Order 2 in 1942- ?
 Oct 14, 1943?
 Cut dependence on Western nations
 Foster a new Filipino culture
 Spread the Japanese language and end use of English
 Love for work and dignity of labor
 Vocational education and love of country was emphasized.
 Nihongo
 The first legal document that professionalized teaching was Presidential Decree 1006 issued by
then President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
 It was only in 1976 with PD 1006 known as the Decree Professionalizing Teaching that teachers in
the Philippines became professionalized.
 In 1994, R.A 7836 otherwise known as the Philippine Professionalization Act of 1994

NEW SOCIETY
 The emphasis of New Society is on moral values, relevance, proper methods of teaching,
retaining of teachers, vocational and technical education, bilingualism, national consciousness
and cultural values
 Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution –
themes
 The Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture in 1972.
Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978.
 A bilingual education scheme was established in 1974 requiring English and Filipino to be used
in school.
 Science and Math as well as English and Literature were taught in English while the rest were
taught in Filipino.

1986 to Present
 Bilingual policy of education was reiterated in 1987 Phil. Constitution.

Take Note!
Spanish 300 yrs
American 50 yrs

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 Japanese 4 yrs

In 1947, by virtue of EO 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to Department of Education-The
regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools
In 2001-Department of Education

The foundations of teacher education in the Philippines were laid by the Spanish government during the
mid-eighteen century. It is said to have begun on August 4, 1765 when King Charles of Spain issued a
Royal Decree requiring each village to have “maestro”

Summary:
1. Teaching became a profession in 1976 with PD 1006.
2. The requirement of a licensure exam for teachers that put teaching at par with other professions was
enacted only in 1994 with the passing of RA 7836, otherwise known as Teachers’ Professionalization
Act.
3. There was no formal preparation for teachers during the pre-Hsipanic times.

Research:
Education Act of 1982
Executive Order No. 117, s. 1987
RA 7722 AND RA 7796 in 1994
The Trifocal Education System
RA 7836
Presidential Decree 1006
Educational Decree of 1863

Let’s Try this!

1.Trace and explain the evolution of the Historical foundations of education in the Philippines
and its implications to the current educational system using a graphic organizer.

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References:

 Bilbao, Purita B et. al. (2018). The Teaching Profession (4th Edition), Lorimar
Publishing Inc., Quezon City.

 Lim, Lourdes S. (2014). The Teaching Profession. Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.
Quezon City.

Internet:

https://www.slideshare.net/DyenkayeSaludez/historical-foundation-of-education-127615560
https://prezi.com/qbht3askom-1/historical-foundation-of-education-in-the-philippines/
https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20the%20Philippines/history-
education-philippines

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