Abdon, Pietro Ian P.

SEPTEMBER 23, 2021

ME142L-B39

HOME EXPERIMENT 5: HP135 COMPACT GEAR PUMP TEST SET

ABSTRACT

Pumps are one of the foremost imperative gadget within the industry particularly the responding
pumps which is more fitting for little stream rates at tall weight as compared to centrifugal
pumps. In this test, gear pump characteristic is under observation. We need to be familiar on
how to operate the gear pump. Also we need to generate the characteristic curve using the gear
pump. Observing the relationship of the flow, head, efficiency and power to create a graph.

INTRODUCTION

A gear pump is a type of positive displacement (PD) pump. It moves a fluid by repeatedly
enclosing a fixed volume using interlocking cogs or gears, transferring it mechanically using a
cyclic pumping action. It delivers a smooth pulse-free flow proportional to the rotational speed of
its gears. Gear pumps use the actions of rotating cogs or gears to transfer fluids. The rotating
element develops a liquid seal with the pump casing and creates suction at the pump inlet. Fluid,
drawn into the pump, is enclosed within the cavities of its rotating gears and transferred to the
discharge. Gear pumps are compact and simple with a limited number of moving parts. They are
unable to match the pressure generated by reciprocating pumps or the flow rates of centrifugal
pumps but offer higher pressures and throughputs than vane or lobe pumps. Gear pumps are
particularly suited for pumping oils and other high viscosity fluids.

OBJECTIVES

The main objective of the experiment is to study the performance characteristics of a gear pump

and specifically the following:

• To determine relationship of the flow rate and head at a fixed speed from gear pump.
• To learn the working principle of gear pump and applied it on the experiment.
• To show the computed values in a form of chart.
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

• HP135 Compact Gear Pump Test Set.

• Clamp meter
• Stop-watch.

BEFORE RUNNING THE TEST

1. Fill oil into the storage tank, up to a nearly full level.

2. Fill the pump with oil and close the filling port.

3. Open the outlet valve of the measuring tank.

4. Check all pressure gauges of both inlet and outlet sides if the readings are at “0”. If any
needle pointer is not at “0”, take out the pressure tube (opaque white color) at either end
connection to relief the pressure and reconnect it as before. The pressure reading now
should be “0”.

BEGIN THE TEST

1. Open the control valve of the gear pump,

2. Switch “ON” ELCB&CB on the control box.
3. In case of advanced inverter (optional), the motor speed and input power (and torque)
readings are programmed at the factory. To run the pump, press “START” button and
adjust pump speed (inverter frequency) slowly to 1500 rpm by pressing the increasing
speed button ".1" or the decreasing speed button "V". This speed adjustment can be done
when the upper right comer of the advanced inverter display shows a highlighted number,
if it's not, press "LOC REM'' button one time, then the upper right comer of the advanced
inverter display will show a highlighted number. (See Addendum 2 for details of the
advanced inverter).
4. Open the control valve to a nearly full open position, and then tum it in close direction to
obtain an output pressure of0.5 kg/cm2 or as required.
5. Record the Following data.
a. Pump Speed, rpm
b. Torque, Nm
c. Power input. W
d. Suction pressure, kg/cm2
e. Discharge pressure, kg/cm2
f. Flow Volume and time period of oil meter. Lpm
In case of using a needle meter, for accuracy in measurement of time and flow volume,
timing should be started when the meter needle is pointing at "O" position and stopped at
"O" position also; no matter how many turns but the timing should be at least 1 minute.
 6. Slightly close the discharge valve further to increase the outlet pressure in steps with an
increment of 0.5 kg/cm2 respectively until a maximum pressure is reached (i.e. valve is
fully closed). Then record the same data as in 4.2.5 for each step of the test run.
In case of using an advanced inverter (optional), if the pump speed varies when the outlet
pressure is increased, adjust the advanced inverter knob to ensure that pump speed is
constant at specified rpm.
7. In case of using an advanced inverter (optional), decrease pump speed to 1,250, 1,000,
and 750 rpm and repeat steps 4.2.4 to 4.2.6 for each pump speed.
AFTER THE TEST

• In case of advanced inverter (optional), reduce pump speed (inverter frequency) to "0",
then press "STOP" button to stop the pump.
• Switch "OFF" ELCB&CB on the control box to cut out power supply.
• Drain all oil out of the pump by loosening the drain screw plug and place it tightly again.

SAFETY MEASURES

To protect the safety of the researcher while doing the experiment, the researchers must be
aware of the following safety precautions:

• Wear appropriate clothes or safety equipment.

• Always check the tools and equipment to ensure the safety of everyone before conducting

the experiment.

• Always wait and listen to the instructor’s/professor’s guide and rules on or before doing

the experiment.

• Do not leave until all the equipment are clean.

• Refrain from doing other activities besides the experiment that should be done from that

time/day only.
DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1

Graph 1

Pump Perfromance Chart

45 120
40
100
35

Power Output (W)

30 80
Head (m)

25
60
20
15 40
10
20
5
0 0

Flow Rate vs Head

Flow Rate (m^3/s) Flow Rate vs Power Output

Table 2
Graph 2

Pump Performance Chart Title

45 300

Power (Watt). Efficiency (%)

40
250
35
30 200
Head (m)

25
150
20
15 100
10
50
5
0 0

Flow Rate vs Head

Flow Rate vs Efficiency
Flow Rate vs Output Power
Flow Rate (m^3/s)
Flow Rate vs Input Power

Sample Calculations:

Specific weight of hydraulic oil = density of hydraulic oil x gravity = (883.3 kg/m3)(9.8m/s2)

Specific weight of hydraulic oil = 8665.173

Pressure/Head:

In kg/cm2:

Difference = P1-P2
= 0.18 – (-0.01) = 0.19

Head (Pa) = 98066.5 x Difference

= 98066.5 x 0.19 = 18633 Pa

Head (m) = Head (Pa)/8665.173

= 18633/8665.173 = 2.1503 m

Flowrate (L/s) = Volume/Time

=20/68.76=0.29091

Flowrate (m3/s) =V/t

𝑚3
=0.29091(0.001 ) = 0.0003
1𝐿
P=уQHTD
P=(8665.173N/m3)(0.0007541m3/s)(2.1503m)
P=14.05 Watts

Based on the given table and graph above, the results from solving the difference, head (pa),
head (m), flowrate and power is given on table 2. In table 2 we can also show the efficiency of
the oil used. The highest efficiency accumulated is 23.016% and it has an output power and
input power of 41.66 Watts and 181 Watts respectively. It also has a flow rate of 0.000212 m3/s
with a discharge of 2 and suction at 0 with pressure at 22.63463 m. In Graph 2 it can also show
the relationship of flow rate against head, efficiency, output power and input power. It has a
linear relationship when comparing flow rate and head. The lower the flow rate, the lower the
head and it is also the same as flow rate and input power. But when it comes to efficiency It has
a parabolic structure and it means that there is a specific flow rate that has the highest effiency.

ACCURACY

In this experiment there are potential sources of errors or things that could affect the
accuracy in this experiment.

• Human error such as miscalculation or misreading of the measured values and results.
• Damage equipment or any leakages on pipe and also, uncalibrated gauges
tools/equipment, can mess with the precision of the result.

• Temperature of the fluid since that the specific weight has the relationship to the density.

CONCLUSION

For this experiment we have used gear pump test set. It has a different flow rate gage and do not
have a suction valve. A gear pump is a positively displacement pump. We can operate the gear
pump with the fully opened valve. As soon as we compared to other pump. While in power there
is the highest peak in a certain flow rate. For the head there is sudden decrease in head in a
certain flow rate.
RECOMMENDATION

It is imperative that the instruments and hardware must be in great condition in arrange to
have an exact information. Continuously check the gear some time recently utilizing it additionally
whereas setting up guarantee that the channels has no spills and guarantee that the other
tools/equipment are working legitimately so that when conducting the experiment starts there's a
slight chance to induce an wrong data. Aside from that, cleanliness is additionally critical matter
since in the event that there's a mess it may cause mischance, so make beyond any doubt that
the working environment is continuously be cleaned.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Gear Pumps are a type of Rotary Positive Displacement Pump.They consists of at least
two separate and rotating gears with intermeshing teeth. As these meshed teeth separate, they
create a partial vacuum which is filled by the fluid being pumped. As the gears then continue to
rotate the fluid becomes trapped and is carried around the casing to the discharge side of the
pump. Here as the gear teeth begin to re-mesh the fluid is ejected creating a pumping action.
There are a number of different Gear Pump designs but ultimately they all employ this same
pumping principle.

Gear Pump Types

External Gear Pumps

These pumps have been around the longest and are also the simplest. They employ two
parallel gears mounted on shafts and can have single or double rows of teeth. The simplest
version has straight cut ‘spur’ gears of involutes form but ‘herring bone’ and also ‘helical form’
teeth are also available.
Internal Gear Pumps
There are several types of internal gear pump but all are fundamentally the same. The
gear within a gear’ design is a relative recent development. The advantage is that mechanically
the shafts have less supporting bearings and the teeth are bigger but fewer making them
especially useful for very viscous fluids.

Gerotor Pumps
These are similar to internal gear pumps but employ a different mechanical
arrangement. They are compact and very cheap to produce especially in small sizes. Their
simplicity makes them exceptional for OEM applications such as lubrication and circulation. This
makes them the automatic choice for automobile gearbox lubrication and aviation fuel
applications.
REFERENCES

• Viking Pump, Inc. (2014). pumpschool. Retrieved July 18, 2016, from pumpschool:
http://www.pumpschool.com/
• appliedpumps. (2015). Retrieved july 17, 2016, from applied pump LTD.:
http://appliedpumps.co.uk/
• https://www.michael-smith-engineers.co.uk/resources/useful-info/gear-
pumps#:~:text=A%20gear%20pump%20is%20a,rotational%20speed%20of%20its%
20gears.
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/gear-pump