CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICAL 3 REPORT

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

GROUP C1
NAME STUDENT NUMBER
Hlongwane S. B 21944950
Hlongwane Z 21904358
Khumalo N 21905044
Khumalo S.M 21835279
Khumalo T 21943568
Khuzwayo S.P 21944914
Table of Contents
SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................4
THEORY..................................................................................................................................................5
TABLE OF RESULTS AND GRAPHS...........................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION.........................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................12

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 SUMMARY

The centrifugal pump is one of the broadly utilized machine used to pump fluids.

The reason for utilizing a centrifugal pump illustrated in this practical is to notice the
attributes (pressure, stream rate, power contribution) centrifugal pump when connected in
parallel and series.

The apparatus utilized is a two phase centrifugal pump. During the operation of this pump the
accompanying occurs; the pump is first left so that it could be primed. Delivery valve is
opened completely to permit flowing of the fluid inside the pump. The pump is turned on to
give electrical ability to drive the pump to begin working. Centre valve can be shut or opened
relying upon the sort of operation performed right then and there.

In the pump, the liquid kinetic energy is changed over to pressure energy as liquid flows from
impeller to casing. The readings (pressure, power, speed) are then taken and analysed for the
two operations.

After the pumping interaction, the power, efficiency and flow rate are determined for the both
operations in parallel and series. Diagrams and tables are then defined to obviously see the
pattern when looking at both operations[ CITATION Bru06 \l 7177 ].

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 INTRODUCTION

Centrifugal pumps are the most used pumping devices in hydraulics. They consist of
electrical motor that plays an important role in converting electrical energy into mechanical
energy which is used to drive the pump and move water. They are also designed to move a
fluid by means of the rotational energy from one or more driven motors called impellers.

The main objective of this practical was to know how centrifugal pumps function when
operate in series and parallel connections. In addition, the centrifugal pump rely on
centrifugal force as the fundamental principle[CITATION pro \y \l 7177 ].

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 THEORY

Centrifugal pumps are the first choice machines mostly used in piping industries for the
liquid. They have impellers which plays an important role and thus referred as the heart of the
system consisting of series of curved veins fitted inside shroud plates.

As the impeller is rotating, liquid surrounding it also rotate. This imparts centrifugal force to
the water particles forcing water to move out. In this way both pressure and kinetic energy of
water rises for more strength, specific speed is usually boosting and it is the concept applied
to centrifugal pumps which is the way to normalise the performance of hydraulic machines.

Here are some common equations for wider clarification.

N √ Qbep
Ns= 0,75
(Hbep)
Where in (U.S units)
Ns = specific speed
N = rotative speed of the impeller (rev/min)
Qbep = Capacity of pump at the best efficiency point (gal/min)
Hbep = Head of a single stage of the pump at the best point (ft)

As the water leaves through the discharge nozzle of the casing where the impeller is fitted in.
The pressure at suction side impeller should not go below vapour pressure of water, if it does
the water will boil form bubbles and that leads to the damaged impellers as time goes. This is
called cavitation[ CITATION Cra14 \l 7177 ].

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS

Inlet pressure

Flowrate

Pressure outlet

Switch Speed controller

Delivery line Pressure delivery

Water tank Motor

Pump
Ball valve

Suction line Pressure suction

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The valves are open when they are parallel to pipe line
When the valves are closed they are perpendicular to pipeline
The switch must be on

THE CONDITIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP TO OPERATE

 The pump was switched on to test if it is function very well.
 The valves needed to be closed were closed and those that must be open were open.

The variables that were measured:

 Flowrate
 Power
 Suction pressure
 Discharge pressure
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 The G2 pump was operated individually
 The specific valves were open.
 The speed of the pump was controlled, and the readings were taken.
 The G1 was operated connected in series and parallel all the valves that were
supposed to be open were switched on, the readings were taken.
 The G2 was connected in series and parallel connection all the valves that needed to
be open were switched on
 The pump was switched off

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 TABLE OF RESULTS AND GRAPHS

PUMPING G2

rpm Volumetric Suction Discharge Power P fluid Overall Pressure

flowrate pressure pressure (W) (W) (%) head
(L/MIN) (bar) (bar) (bar)
10 0,0033 0,022 00,08 0,082 0,008 2,63 0,058
20 0,212 0,021 00,10 0,0433 0,164 4,78 0,079
30 0,493 0,018 00,12 0,12 0,492 0,18 0,102
40 0,760 0,013 00,28 0,17 1,988 11,67 0,267
50 1,078 0,005 00,50 0,263 5,229 19,88 0,495

PUMPING G1 IN SERIES
rpm Volumetric flowrate Pressure head Power
(L/MIN) (bar) (W)
10 0,00167 0,007 50
20 0,00167 0,023 200
30 0,848 0,247 157
40 1,172 0,459 280
50 1,41 0,691 530

PUMPING G2 IN SERIES
rpm Volumetric Pressure Power
flowrate(L/MIN) head (bar) (W)
10 0,0033 0,008 210
20 0,0033 0,118 270
30 0,8 0,229 173
40 1,085 0,257 263
50 1,275 0,475 523

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PUMPING G1 IN PARALLEL

rpm Volumetric Pressure Power

flowrate head (bar) (W)
(L/MIN)
10 0,0033 0,008 0,00
20 0,201 0,115 0,087
30 0,537 0,229 0.09
40 0,803 0,257 0.15
50 0,812 0,475 0,275

PUMPING G2 IN PARALLEL

rpm Volumetric Pressure Power

flowrate head (bar) (W)
(L/MIN)
10 0,003 0,028 0,00
20 0,003 0,055 0,077
30 0,003 0,099 0,24
40 0,012 0,234 0,157
50 0.011 0,262 0,237

Graph showing the pressure head vs flowrate for single pump, series and parallel
connections on G1 and G2
G2 GRAPH

Pressure vs flowrate in single pump

0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02 0.02
Pressure (bar)

0.02 0.01

0.01
0.01
0.01

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
flowrate (L/MIN)

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G2 GRAPH

Flowrate vs prssre head in single pump

0.6

0.5

0.4
Pressure head

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
flowrate (L/MIN)

G1 GRAPH IN SERIES PUMP

flowrate vs pressure head in series for G1

0.8
0.7
0.6
Pressure head

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
flowrate (L/MIN)

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G2 GRAPH IN SERIES PUMP

Pressure head vs fowrate in G2 pump in sreies

0.5
0.45
0.4
Pressure head (bar)

0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
flowrate (L/MIN)

G1 GRAPH IN PARALLEL PUMP

pressure head vs flowrate in G1 pump in parallel

0.5
0.45
0.4
Pressure head (bar)

0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
flowrate (L/MIN)

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G2 GRAPH IN PARALLEL PUMP

pressure head vs flowrate in G2 pum in parallel

0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
Pressure (bar)

0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
flowrate (L/MIN)

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 DISCUSSION
 By taking a look at the outcome that we got particularly in the series and parallel
operation we saw that as the speed increases from 10-50 the stream rate (flow rate) for
water also increases. As we operated the pump in parallel we observed that the
pressure increases because there is a support from the other pump (G1)

 The series operation: we observed that each pump works on at the same pace to pump
(transport) water to the tank as we opened valve 2 (V2).

 source error:
•The pump speed was defective this may result to error of pump productivity.
•The productivity of the pump is extremely low, which shows that the machine or pump
probably won't be working at its greatest limit.
•Make sure every one of the valves are completely opened prior to beginning the pumping or
transportation.
•Make sure that the isolation switch is opened and the pump is permitted to run at greatest
speed.
 The measurements of results was incorrect, that led to the graphs with undefined
shape. The pump is very slow we ended up with many constant values that is why
some of the graphs have difficulty to see the trend of the graph.

GRAPH 1 shows a graphical portrayal of the pump execution at both working paces. The
release is plotted against the total head to give the pump system curve. In the event that a
particular stream rate (flow rate) was needed for a specific reason, the system curve
demonstrates the total head which should be defeated at that stream or flow. Past the run-out
place of the total head' plot, the actual pump is in risk from an impact known as cavitation.
This impact happens when holes structure in the liquid which is being pumped. In the event
that such pits structure at the pull of the pump, the productivity of the pump will drop, and
harm to the pump will be inevitable.

GRAPH 2 demonstrates the graphical portrayal of the non-dimensional gatherings

determined as a component of the examination of the information. The graph shows
impressive similarity between the informational collections, at the two paces (speed).
Although the curves are not perfect it is reasonable to assume that this is the case, due to
errors uncertainties.

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 CONCLUSION

The centrifugal pump that is working at the constant speed, the flowrate depends on the
pressure head for the functioning. The pressure head is inversely proportional to the flowrate.
When the centrifugal pump is connected in parallel the flowrate of the pump is doubled
because the pumps are working hand in hand. When centrifugal pump is operating in series
connection the flowrate is slowly because of the overload in pump.

REFERENCES

(n.d.). Retrieved from process industry forum: https://www.processindustryforum.com/

(2014). Retrieved from Crane site: https://www.michael-smith

Bruce R. Munson, D. F. (2006). Fundamentals of fluid mechanics, 5TH. Asia: John.

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