Exercise 2D

dr
1 a v  3i  (3t 2  4) j
dt
When t  3,
v  3i  23j

The velocity of P when t  3 is (3i  23j)m s1

b
When t  3,
a  18 j

The acceleration of P when t  3 is 18 jm s2

2 m = 3 g = 0.003 kg, v  (t 2i  (2t  3) j) m s−1, t = 4 s, F = ?

a  vɺ
a  2ti  2 j
When t  4 s , a  8i  2 j
F  ma
F  0.003  (8i  2 j)
 0.024i  0.006 j
The force F is  0.024i  0.006 j N.

3 r  5e3t i  2 j m
a When P is directly north-east of O, coefficients of i and j are identical.
5e 3t  2
e 3t  0.4
3t  ln 0.4
ln 0.4
t  0.30543...
3
P is directly north-east of O at t = 0.305 s (3 s.f.).

b v  rɺ
v  15e 3t i
However, when particle is north-east of O, by part a we see that e 3t  0.4
Hence
v  (15  0.4) i  6i
The speed at this time is 6 m s−1

c The velocity vector has a single component in the direction of i and the coefficient is always
negative (since e3t is always positive) so P is always moving west.

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4 a v  rɺ  8t i  (24  6t ) j
When t  2,
v  (16i  12j)
| v |2  16 2  12 2  400
Þ| v | 400  20

The speed of P when t  2 is 20 m s1

b
Neither component is dependent on t, hence the acceleration is a constant.
| a |2  82  (6)2  100
Þ | a |  100  10

The magnitude of the acceleration is 10m s 1

5 a
When t  0,
v  12i  6 j
| v |2  (12)2  (6)2  180
Þ| v | 180  6 5

The speed of projection is 6 5 m s1

b When P is moving parallel to j the velocity has no i-component.

3t 2  12  0
Þ t2  4
Þ t  2 (since t  0)

c When t  2
r  (23  12  2) i  (4  2 2  6  2) j  16i  4 j
The position vector of P at the instant when P is moving parallel to j is (16i  4 j)m.

   
d r  t 3  12t i  4t 2  6t j m, t = 5 s, m = 0.5 kg, F = ?
v  rɺ   3t  12  i   8t  6  j
2

a  vɺ  6ti  8 j
When t  5 s , a  30 i  8 j
Hence, F  ma
 0.5  30i  8 j
F  15i  4 j
F  152  42
 15.524...
The magnitude of the force acting on P at t = 5 s is 15.5 N (3 s.f.).

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6 a
When t  3,
v  12i  (27  6k) j
2
12 5  v
2

2
720  122   27  k 
720  144  729  324k  36k 2
0  36k 2  324k  153
0  (2k  1)(2k  17)
k  0.5,  8.5

b If k  0.5

When t  1.5 ,
a  6i 8j
| a |2  6 2  82  100
Þ| a | 10

If k  8.5

When t  1.5 ,
a  6i  8 j
| a |2  62  (8)2  100
Þ| a | 10
For both of the values of k the magnitude of the acceleration of P when t  1.5 is 10 m s2

7 a 3
When t  4 ,
3
3
42  42  2 8
1
3

v  48 i  52  4 2 j
 48 i  20 j
| v |2  482  20 2  2704 2
Þ| v | 2704  52

The speed of P when t  4 is 52 m s1

b a  vɺ  12i  5  3 t 2 j  12i  15 t 2 j
1 1
You need to know that
2 2 4
When t  4
a  12 i  15  4 2 j  12i  15 j
1

4 2

The acceleration of P when t  4 is 12i  15 j m s 2
2 
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8 a
When t  1.5,
v  18  12 1.52  i  3c j
 9 i  3c j
2
152  v
152  (9)2  (3c )2
9c 2  152  9 2
9c 2  144
144
Þ c2   16
9

As c is positive, c  4

b a  vɺ  24t i  2c j Acceleration is a vector and the

Using c  4 and t  1.5 answer should be given in vector
form.
a  36 i  8 j

The acceleration of P when t  1.5 is 36i  8j m s2 
  
9 r  2t 2  3t i  5t  t 2 j m 
v  rɺ   4t  3 i   5  2t  j
a  vɺ  4i  2 j
a  4 2  22  2 5
The acceleration is constant because the expression for it does not contain t, and it has a magnitude of
2 5 m s−2

 
10 a r  20t  2t 3 i  kt 2 j m, t = 2 s, |v|= 16 m s−1
v  rɺ   20  6t 2  i  2ktj
v  2   (20  24)i  4kj
 4i  4kj
2 2
16 2  v (2)  (4)2   4k 
256  16  16k 2
256  16
k2   15
16
k  15
The value of k is 15 .

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10 b When P is moving parallel to j, the coefficient of the i component of velocity is zero.
From part a, since v   20  6t 2  i  2ktj , P is moving parallel to j when:
20  6t 2  0
20
t2 
6
10
t
3
Now a  vɺ  12ti  2 15 j
10
At t  s, the acceleration is given by:
3
10
a  12 i  2 15 j
3
a  4 30i  2 15 j


When P is moving parallel to j its acceleration is 4 30 i  2 15 j m s−2 

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