T T L L: Shigley's MED, 11th Edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 1/96

Chapter 4
4-1 For a torsion bar, kT = T/ = Fl/, and so  = Fl/kT. For a cantilever, kl = F/ , = F/kl. For
the assembly, k = F/y, or, y = F/k = l + 
Thus
F Fl 2 F
y  
k kT kl
Solving for k
1 kk
k 2  2l T Ans.
l 1 kl l  kT

kT kl
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4-2 For a torsion bar, kT = T/ = Fl/, and so  = Fl/kT. For each cantilever, kl = F/l, l = F/kl,
and,L = F/kL. For the assembly, k = F/y, or, y = F/k = l + l +L.
Thus
F Fl 2 F F
y   
k kT kl k L
Solving for k
1 k L kl kT
k 2  Ans.
l 1 1 kl k Ll  kT k L  kT kl
2
 
kT kl kL
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4-3 (a) For a torsion bar, k =T/ =GJ/l.
Two springs in parallel, with J =di 4/32,

and d1 = d2 = d,
J G J G   d4 d4 
k  1  2  G 1  2 
x l  x 32  x l  x 
 1 1 
 Gd 4    Ans. (1)
32  x lx
Deflection equation,
T1 x T2  l  x 
 
JG JG
T2  l  x 
results in T1  (2)
x
From statics, T1 + T2 = T = 1500. Substitute Eq. (2)
Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 1/96

lx x
T2    T2  1500  T2  1500 Ans. (3)
 x  l
lx
Substitute into Eq. (2) resulting in T1  1500
Ans. (4)
l
(b) From Eq. (1), k   0.54 11.5 106      28.2 10  lbf  in/rad
 1 1  3
Ans.
32  5 10  5 
10  5
From Eq. (4), T1  1500  750 lbf  in Ans.
10
5
From Eq. (3), T2  1500  750 lbf  in Ans.
10
16Ti 16 1500 
 30.6 103  psi  30.6 kpsi
  0.5 
From either section,    Ans.
 di3 3
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4-4 Deflection to be the same as Prob. 4-3 where T1 = 750 lbfin, l1 = l / 2 = 5 in, and d1 = 0.5
in
1=2=
T1  4  T2  6  750  5
 4  60 103 
4T1 6T2
  
 0.54  G
(1)
   d14
d2
d14G d 24G
32 32 32
Or, T1  15 103  d14 (2)

T2  10 103  d 24 (3)
16T1 16T2 T T
Equal stress,  1   2    13  23 (4)
 d1  d 2
3 3
d1 d 2
Divide Eq. (4) by the first two equations of Eq.(1) results in

T1 T2
d13
d3
 2  d 2  1.5d1 (5)
4T1 6T2
d14 d 24
Statics, T1 + T2 = 1500 (6)
Substitute in Eqs. (2) and (3), with Eq. (5) gives
15 103  d14  10 103  1.5d1   1500

4
Solving for d1 and substituting it back into Eq. (5) gives

d1 = 0.388 8 in, d2 = 0.583 2 in Ans.

From Eqs. (2) and (3),
T1 = 15(103)(0.388 8)4 = 343 lbfin Ans.

T2 = 10(103)(0.583 2)4 = 1 157 lbfin Ans.
T1l1 343  4 
J1G   / 32   0.388 84 11.5 106 
Deflection of T is 1    0.053 18 rad
 28.2 103  lbf  in

T 1500
Spring constant is k  Ans.
1 0.053 18
16  343
 29.7 103  psi  29.7 kpsi
16T1
The stress in d1 is 1   Ans.
 d1   0.388 8 3
3
16 1 157 
 29.7 103  psi  29.7 kpsi
16T2
The stress in d1 is 2   Ans.
 d 2   0.583 2 
3 3
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4-5 (a) Let the radii of the straight sections be r1 = d1 /2 and r2 = d2 /2. Let the angle of the
taper be  where tan  = (r2  r1)/2. Thus, the radius in the taper as a function of x is
r = r1 + x tan , and the area is A =  (r1 + x tan )2. The deflection of the tapered portion
is
  
l
F F dx F 1
l l
dx  
0
AE  E 0  r1  x tan   2
 E  r1  x tan   tan  0
F  1 1  F 1 1
      
 E  r1 tan  tan   r1  l tan     E tan   r1 r2 
F r2  r1 F l tan  Fl
  
 E tan  r1r2  E tan  r1r2  r1r2 E
4 Fl
 Ans.
 d1d 2 E
(b) For section 1,

Fl 4 Fl 4(1000)(2)
1     3.40(10 4 ) in Ans.
AE  d1 E  (0.5 )(30)(10 )
2 2 6
For the tapered section,

4 Fl 4 1000(2)
   2.26(10 4 ) in Ans.
 d1d 2 E  (0.5)(0.75)(30)(10 )
6
For section 2,

Fl 4 Fl 4(1000)(2)
2     1.51(10 4 ) in Ans.
AE  d1 E  (0.75 )(30)(10 )
2 2 6
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4-6 (a) Let the radii of the straight sections be r1 = d1 /2 and r2 = d2 /2. Let the angle of the
taper be  where tan  = (r2  r1)/2. Thus, the radius in the taper as a function of x is
r = r1 + x tan , and the polar second area moment is J = ( /2) (r1 + x tan )4. The angular
deflection of the tapered portion is
   dx  
l
T 2T dx 1 2T 1
l l

0
GJ  G 0  r1  x tan   4
3  G  r1  x tan  3 tan 
0
2 T  1 1  2 T 1 1
  3  3
   
3 G  r1 tan  tan   r1  l tan    3 G tan   r13 r23 
2 T r23  r13 2 T  l  r23  r13 2 Tl  r1  r1r2  r2 

2 2
    
3 G tan  r13r23 3 G  r2  r1  r13 r23 3 G r13r23
32 Tl  d1  d1d 2  d 2 
2 2
 Ans.
3 G d13d 23
(b) The deflections, in degrees, are:

Section 1,
Tl  180  32Tl  180  32(1500)(2)  180 
1      6    2.44 deg Ans.
GJ     d1 G     (0.5 )11.5(10 )   
4 4
Tapered section,
32 Tl (d12  d1d 2  d 2 2 )  180 
  
3 Gd13 d 23   
32 (1500)(2) 0.5  (0.5)(0.75)  0.75   180 
2 2
    1.14 deg Ans.

3 11.5(106 )(0.53 )(.753 )   
Section 2,
Tl  180  32Tl  180  32(1500)(2)  180 
2        0.481 deg Ans.
GJ     d 2 G     (0.754 )11.5(106 )   
4
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4-7 The area and the elastic modulus remain constant. However, the force changes with
respect to x. From Table A-5, the unit weight of steel is  = 0.282 lbf/in3 and the elastic
modulus is E = 30 Mpsi. Starting from the top of the cable (i.e. x = 0, at the top).
F = (A)(lx)

   l 2 0.282 500(12) 
c     (l  x )dx   lx  x 2  
Fdx w l 1 
l 2
  0.169 in
l
o AE E 0 E 2  0 2E 2(30)106
From the weight at the bottom of the cable,

Wl 4Wl 4(5000) 500(12) 
W     5.093 in
AE  d 2 E  (0.52 )30(106 )
   c  W  0.169  5.093  5.262 in Ans.
The percentage of total elongation due to the cable’s own weight
0.169
(100)  3.21% Ans.
5.262
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4-8 Fy = 0 = R 1  F  R 1 = F
MA = 0 = M1  Fa  M1 = Fa
VAB = F, MAB =F (x  a ), VBC = MBC = 0
Section AB:
F  x2 
  
1
 AB  F x  a dx    ax   C1 (1)
EI EI  2 
AB = 0 at x = 0  C1 = 0
F  x2  F  x3 x2 
EI   2
y AB    ax  dx    a   C2 (2)
 EI  6 2
yAB = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0, and
 x  3a 
Fx 2
y AB  Ans.
6 EI
Section BC:
  0  dx  0  C
1
 BC 
EI
3
F  a2  Fa 2
From Eq. (1), at x = a (with C1 = 0),     a ( a )    = C3. Thus,
EI  2  2 EI
Fa 2
 BC  
2 EI

2 EI 
Fa 2 Fa 2
yBC   dx   x  C4 (3)
2 EI
F  a3 a2  Fa3
From Eq. (2), at x = a (with C2 = 0), y   a    . Thus, from Eq. (3)
EI  6 2  3EI
Fa 2 Fa 3 Fa 3
 a  C4    C4  Substitute into Eq. (3), obtaining
2 EI 3EI 6 EI
 a  3x 
Fa 2 Fa 3 Fa 2
yBC   x  Ans.
2 EI 6 EI 6 EI
The maximum deflection occurs at x= l,
 a  3l 
Fa 2
ymax  Ans.
6 EI
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4-9 MC = 0 = F (l /2)  R1 l  R1 = F /2
Fy = 0 = F /2 + R 2  F  R 2 = F /2
Break at 0  x  l /2:
VAB = R 1 = F /2, MAB = R 1 x = Fx /2
Break at l /2  x  l :
VBC = R 1  F =  R 2 =  F /2, MBC = R 1 x  F ( x  l / 2) = F (l  x) /2
Section AB:
2
1 Fx F x2
 AB  dx   C1
EI EI 4
l
2
F 
From symmetry, AB = 0 at x = l /2   2 C  0  C1  
Fl 2
. Thus,
4 EI 16 EI
1
 AB 
F x 2 Fl 2
 
F
EI 4 16 EI 16 EI
 4x2  l 2  (1)

  4x  l 2  dx 
F F  4 x3 2 
y AB  2
  l x   C2
16 EI 16 EI  3 
yAB = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0, and,
y AB 
Fx
48 EI
 4 x 2  3l 2  (2)
yBC is not given, because with symmetry, Eq. (2) can be used in this region. The
maximum deflection occurs at x =l /2,
l
F  
 2  l  Fl 3
2
ymax    
4  3l 2
   Ans.
48EI   2   48EI
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4-10 From Table A-6, for each angle, I1-1 = 207 cm4. Thus, I = 2(207) (104) = 4.14(106) mm4
From Table A-9, use beam 2 with F = 2500 N, a = 2000 mm, and l = 3000 mm; and beam
3 with w = 1 N/mm and l = 3000 mm.
Fa 2 wl4
ymax  (a  3l ) 
6 EI 8 EI
 
2500(2000)2 (1)(3000) 4
 2000  3(3000) 
6(207)103 (4.14)106 8(207)(103 )(4.14)(106 )
 25.4 mm Ans.
M O   Fa  ( wl 2 / 2)
=  2500(2000)  [1(30002)/2] =  9.5(106) Nmm
From Table A-6, from centroid to upper surface is y = 29 mm. From centroid to bottom
surface is y = 29.0  100=  71 mm. The maximum stress is compressive at the bottom of
the beam at the wall. This stress is
My 9.5(106 )(71)
 max     163 MPa Ans.
I 4.14(106 )
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4-11
14 10
RO  (450)  (300)  465 lbf
20 20
6 10
RC  (450)  (300)  285 lbf
20 20
M1 = 465(6)12 = 33.48(103) lbfin

M2 = 33.48(103) +15(4)12
= 34.20(103) lbfin
M max 34.2
 max   15  Z  2.28 in 3
Z Z
For deflections, use beams 5 and 6 of Table A-9
F1a[l  (l / 2)]  l  l  F2l 3
2
y x 10ft     a  2l  
2
6 EIl  2  2  48 EI
0.5 
450(72)(120)
6(30)(106 ) I (240)
120 2
 72 2
 240 2
 48(30)(106 ) I

300(2403 )
I  12.60 in 4  I / 2  6.30 in 4
Select two 5 in-6.7 lbf/ft channels from Table A-7, I = 2(7.49) = 14.98 in4, Z =2(3.00) =
6.00 in3
12.60  1 
ymidspan      0.421 in
14.98  2 
34.2
 max   5.70 kpsi
6.00
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
4-12 I (1.54 )  0.2485 in 4
64
From Table A-9 by superposition of beams 6 and 7, at x = a = 15 in, with b = 24 in and
l = 39 in
Fba 2 wa
y [a  b 2  l 2 ]  (2la 2  a 3  l 3 )
6 EIl 24 EI
340(24)15
yA  152  242  392 
6(30)106 (0.2485)39 
(150 /12)(15)
  2(39)(152 )  153  393   0.0978 in Ans.
24(30)10 (0.2485)
6
At x = l /2 = 19.5 in
Fa[l  (l / 2)]  l  l  w(l / 2)   l   l  
2 2 3
y    a  2l  
2
 2l       l 
3
6 EIl  2  2  24 EI   2   2  

340(15)(19.5)
y 19.52  152  39 2 
6(30)(10 )(0.2485)(39)
6
(150 / 12)(19.5)
  2(39)(19.52 )  19.53  393   0.1027 in Ans.
24(30)(106 )(0.2485) 
0.1027  0.0978
% difference  (100)  5.01% Ans.
0.0978
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4-13 I 
1
12
 
(6)(323 )  16.384 103 mm 4
From Table A-9-10, beam 10

Fa 2
yC   (l  a )
3EI
y AB 
Fax 2
6 EIl
 l  x2 
dy AB Fa 2
 (l  3 x 2 )
dx 6 EIl
dy AB
At x = 0,  A
dx
Fal 2 Fal
A  
6 EIl 6 EI
Fa 2l
yO   A a  
6 EI
With both loads,
Fa 2l Fa 2
yO    (l  a)
6 EI 3EI
3(500)  2(300)  3.72 mm Ans.

Fa 2 400(3002 )
 (3l  2a)  
6 EI 6(207)103 (16.384)103
At midspan,
2 Fa(l / 2)  2  l   3 Fal 2 3 400(300)(500 2 )
2
24 207 103 16.384 103 

yE  l        1.11 mm Ans.
6 EIl   2   24 EI
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 4
4-14 I  (2  1.54 )  0.5369 in 4
64
From Table A-5, E = 10.4 Mpsi
From Table A-9, beams 1 and 2, by superposition

200  4(12) 300  2(12) 
 2(12)  3(4)(12)
FBl 3 FA a 2
3 2
yB    (a  3l )  
3EI 6 EI 3(10.4)106 (0.5369) 6(10.4)106 (0.5369)
yB  1.94 in Ans.
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4-15 From Table A-7, I = 2(1.85) = 3.70 in4

From Table A-5, E = 30.0 Mpsi
From Table A-9, beams 1 and 3, by superposition
yA  
Fl 3 ( w  wc )l 4
 
150(603 )

5  2(5 / 12)  (60 )  0.182 in Ans.
4
3EI 8 EI 3(30)10 (3.70)

6
8(30)106 (3.70)
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 4
4-16 I  d
64
From Table A-5, E  207(103 ) MPa
From Table A-9, beams 5 and 9, with FC = FA = F, by superposition
FB l 3 Fa 1
yB    (4a 2  3l 2 )  I    FB l 3  2 Fa(4a 2  3l 2 ) 
48 EI 24 EI 48 EyB
I
1
48(207)10  2 
3 
550(10003 )  2  375  (250) 4(2502 )  3(10002 )  
 
 53.624 103 mm 4
64 64
d I  (53.624)103  32.3 mm Ans.
 
4 4
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4-17 From Table A-9, beams 8 (region BC for this beam with a = 0) and 10 (with a = a), by
superposition
y AB 
MA 3
6 EIl

x  3lx 2  2l 2 x  
Fax 2
6 EIl

l  x2 

1 
6 EIl    
M A x 3  3lx 2  2l 2 x  Fax l 2  x 2   Ans.
yBC
d M
 

   A x3  3lx 2  2l 2 x   ( x  l ) 
F (x  l)
[( x  l ) 2  a (3x  l )]
 dx  6 EIl   x l 6 EI
M Al F (x  l)
 (x  l)  [( x  l ) 2  a (3 x  l )]
6 EI 6 EI

(x  l)
6 EI

 M Al  F  ( x  l ) 2  a (3 x  l )   Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

4-18 Note to the instructor: Beams with discontinuous loading are better solved using
singularity functions. This eliminates matching the slopes and displacements at the
discontinuity as is done in this solution.
 M C  0  R1l  wa  l  a  2   R1  2l  2l  a  Ans.
 a wa
 Fy  0  2l  2l  a   R2  wa  R2  2l Ans.
wa wa 2
 2l  a   wx =  2l  a  x   a 2  Ans.
wa w
VAB  R1  wx =
2l 2l
wa 2
VBC   R2   Ans.
2l
w  x2  
M AB   VAB dx   2l  ax    a 2 x   C1
2l   2 
wx
M AB  0 at x  0  C1  0  M AB   2al  a 2  lx  Ans.
2l 
M BC   VBC dx   
wa 2 wa 2
dx   x  C2
2l 2l
wa 2 wa 2
M BC  0 at x  l  C2   M BC  (l  x) Ans.
2 2l
 AB   AB dx 
M

1 wx
 2al  a 2  lx  dx 
1 w  2 1 2 2 1 3

EI  2l 

 alx  a x  lx   C3 
3 
EI EI 2l 2 
y AB    AB dx  
1 w 2 1 2 2 1 3 
  alx  a x  lx   C3  dx
EI  2l  2 3  
1 w 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 
   alx  a x  lx   C3 x  C4 
EI  2l  3 6 12  
y AB  0 at x  0  C4  0
1  wa 2  
  BC dx   2l (l  x) dx  EI  2l  lx  2 x   C5 
M 1 wa 2 1 2
 BC
EI EI
 AB   BC at x  a 
1 w 2 1 4 1 3  1  wa 2  1 2  wa 3
 2l  ala  a  la   C3    la  a   C5  C   C5 (1)
EI   2 3   EI  2l  2   6
3

1  wa 2   1  wa 2  1 2 1 3  
yBC    BC dx  
1 2
  lx  x   C5 dx    lx  x   C5 x  C6 
EI  2l  2   EI  2l  2 6  
wa l2 2
yBC  0 at x  l  C6    C5l
6
1  wa 2  1 2 1 3 1 3  
yBC    lx  x  l   C5 ( x  l ) 
EI  2l  2 6 3  
y AB  yBC at x  a 
w 1 1 5 1 4 wa 2  1 2 1 3 1 3 
 ala 3
 a  la   C a   la  a  l   C5 (a  l )
2l  3 6 12  2l  2 6 3 
3
C3 a 
wa 2
24l
 3la 2  4l 3   C5 (a  l ) (2)
Substituting (1) into (2) yields C5 

wa 2
24l
 a 2  4l 2  . Substituting this back into (2) gives
C3 
wa 2
24l
 4al  a 2  4l 2  . Thus,
y AB 
w
24 EIl
 4alx 3  2a 2 x 3  lx 4  4a 3lx  a 4 x  4a 2l 2 x 
2ax 2 (2l  a )  lx 3  a 2  2l  a  
wx 
 y AB  Ans.
2
24 EIl  
y BC 
w
24 EIl
 6a 2lx 2  2a 2 x 3  a 4 x  4a 2l 2 x  a 4l  Ans.
This result is sufficient for yBC. However, this can be shown to be equivalent to
yBC 
w
24 EIl
 4alx 3  2a 2 x 3  lx 4  4a 2l 2 x  4a 3lx  a 4 x  
w
24 EI
( x  a )4
w
yBC  y AB  ( x  a) 4 Ans.
24 EI
by expanding this or by solving the problem using singularity functions.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-19 The beam can be broken up into a uniform load w downward from points A to C and a
uniform load w upward from points A to B. Using the results of Prob. 4-18, with b = a for
A to C and a = a for A to B, results in
2bx 2 (2l  b)  lx 3  b 2  2l  b    2ax 2 (2l  a )  lx 3  a 2  2l  a  
wx  wx 
y AB 
2 2
24 EIl   24 EIl  
2bx 2 (2l  b)  b 2  2l  b   2ax 2 (2l  a )  a 2  2l  a  

wx 
 Ans.
2 2
24 EIl  
2bx 3 (2l  b)  lx 4  b 2 x  2l  b 
w 
yBC 
2
24 EIl 
  4alx 3  2a 2 x 3  lx 4  4a 2l 2 x  4a 3lx  a 4 x   l ( x  a ) 4  Ans.

w
yCD   4blx 3  2b 2 x3  lx 4  4b 2l 2 x  4b3lx  b 4 x  l ( x  b) 4 
24 EIl
w
  4alx 3  2a 2 x3  lx 4  4a 2l 2 x  4a 3lx  a 4 x  l ( x  a ) 4 
24 EIl
w
 ( x  b) 4  ( x  a) 4   y AB Ans.
24 EI
______________________________________________________________________________
4-20 Note to the instructor: See the note in the solution for Problem 4-18.
 Fy  0  RB  2l  wa  RB  2l  2l  a  Ans.
wa 2 wa
For region BC, isolate right-hand element of length (l + a  x)

VBC  w  l  a  x 
wa 2
VAB   RA   , Ans.
2l
M BC    l  a  x 
wa 2 w
M AB   RA x   x, Ans.
2
2l 2
EI AB   M AB dx  
wa 2 2
x  C1
4l
wa 2 3
EIy AB   x  C1 x  C2
12l
wa 2 3
yAB = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0  EIy AB   x  C1 x
12l
wa 2l
yAB = 0 at x = l  C1  
12
EIy AB  
w a 2 3 w a 2l
12l
x 
12
x
wa 2 x 2
12l
 l  x 2   y AB 
wa 2 x 2
12 EIl
 l  x2  Ans.
EI BC   M BC dx    l  a  x   C3
w 3
6
EIyBC    l  a  x   C3 x  C4
w 4
24
wa 4 wa 4
yBC = 0 at x = l    C3l  C4  0  C4   C3l (1)
24 24
l  a 
wa 2l wa 2l wa 3 wa 2
AB = BC at x = l      C3  C3  
4 12 6 6
 a  4l  l  a   . Substitute back into yBC
wa 2 2
Substitute C3 into Eq. (1) gives C4 
24 
1  w 
 l  a  x   x l  a    l  a 
wa 2 wa 4 wa 2l
yBC  
4
EI  24 6 24 6 
 l  a  x   4a 2  l  x  l  a   a 4 
w 
 Ans.
4
24 EI 
______________________________________________________________________________

4-21 Table A-9, beam 7,
w l 100(10)
R1  R2    500 lbf 
2 2
y AB 
wx
24 EI
 2lx 2  x 3  l 3  
100 x
24  30 10  0.05 
6
 2(10) x 2  x3  103 
 2.7778 10 6  x  20 x 2  x3  1000 
Slope:  AB 
d y AB
dx

w
24 EI
 6lx 2  4 x3  l 3 
At x = l,  AB 
w
24 EI
 6l l 2
 4l 3
 l 3
 
wl 3
24 EI
100 103 
x l
x l  x  l   x  10   2.7778 103   x  10 

w l3
yBC   AB x l
24 EI 24(30)10 (0.05)
6
From Prob. 4-20,

wa 2 100  4  100  4 
 2l  a    2(10)  4  480 lbf 
wa
2
RA    80 lbf  RB 
2l 2(10) 2l 2(10)
100  42  x
y AB 
12 EIl

wa 2 x 2
l x 
2
12  30 10  0.05 
6 10 2  x 2   8.8889 10 6  x 100  x 2 
 l  a  x   4a 2  l  x  l  a   a 4 
w 
yBC  
4
24 EI 

100 10  4  x 4  4  4 2  10  x 10  4   44 
24  30 10  0.05 
6 
 2.7778 10 6  14  x   896 x  9216 

4
 
Superposition,
RA  500  80  420 lbf  RB  500  480  980 lbf  Ans.
y AB  2.7778 10 6
 x  20 x  x  1000   8.8889 10  x 100  x 
2 3 6 2
Ans.
yBC  2.7778 103   x 10   2.7778 10  14  x   896 x  9216  Ans.
6 4
The deflection equations can be simplified further. However, they are sufficient for
plotting.
Using a spreadsheet,
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

y 0.000000 -0.000939 -0.001845 -0.002690 -0.003449 -0.004102 -0.004632 -0.005027
x 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5

y -0.005280 -0.005387 -0.005347 -0.005167 -0.004853 -0.004421 -0.003885 -0.003268

x 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5
y -0.002596 -0.001897 -0.001205 -0.000559 0.000000 0.000439 0.000775 0.001036
x 12 12.5 13 13.5 14
y 0.001244 0.001419 0.001575 0.001722 0.001867
0.002
0.001
Beam Deflection, Prob. 4-21
0.000
-0.001
y (in) -0.002
-0.003
-0.004
-0.005
-0.006
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
x (in)
______________________________________________________________________________
4-22 (a) Useful relations

F 48EI
k  3
y l
kl 3 1800  36 
3
I   0.05832 in 4
48 E 48(30)10 6
From I = bh 3/12, and b = 10 h, then I = 5 h 4/6, or,
6 I 4 6(0.05832)
h 4   0.514 in
5 5
h is close to 1/2 in and 9/16 in, while b is close to 5.14 in. Changing the height drastically
changes the spring rate, so changing the base will make finding a close solution easier.
Trial and error was applied to find the combination of values from Table A-17 that
yielded the closet desired spring rate.
h (in) b (in) b/h k (lbf/in)

1/2 5 10 1608
1/2 5½ 11 1768
1/2 5¾ 11.5 1849
9/16 5 8.89 2289
9/16 4 7.11 1831

h = ½ in, b = 5 ½ in should be selected because it results in a close spring rate and b/h is
still reasonably close to 10.
(b) I  5.5(0.5)3 / 12  0.05729 in 4

Mc ( Fl / 4)c 4 I 4(60)103 (0.05729)
   F   1528 lbf
I I lc  36  (0.25)
Fl 3 (1528)  36  3
y   0.864 in Ans.
48 EI 48(30)106 (0.05729)
______________________________________________________________________________
4-23 From the solutions to Prob. 3-79, T1  60 lbf and T2  400 lbf
d4  (1.25) 4
I   0.1198 in 4
64 64
From Table A-9, beam 6,
Fb x Fb x 
z A   1 1 ( x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 10in

(575)(30)(10)
6(30)10 (0.1198)(40)
6  102  302  402 

460(12)(10)
6(30)10 (0.1198)(40)
6 102  122  40 2   0.0332 in Ans.
 d Fb x 
 A  y   
dz Fb x
     1 1 ( x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 )  
 dx  x 10in  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 10in
 Fb Fb 
   1 1 (3x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 (3 x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 10in
3 102   30 2  40 2 
(575)(30)

6(30)10 (0.1198)(40) 
6 
3 102   122  402 

460(12)

6(30)10 (0.1198)(40) 
6 
 6.02(104 ) rad Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-24 From the solutions to Prob. 3-80, T1  2880 N and T2  432 N
I
d4
64

 (30) 4
64
 
 39.76 103 mm 4

The load in between the supports supplies an angle to the overhanging end of the beam.
That angle is found by taking the derivative of the deflection from that load. From Table
A-9, beams 6 (subscript 1) and 10 (subscript 2),
y A   BC C
 a2   beam6   y A beam10 (1)
 d  F1a1  l  x  2
 x  a12  2lx      1 1  6lx  3 x 2  a12  2l 2  
   Fa 
 BC C   
 dx  6 EIl   x l  6 EIl  x l

F1a1 2

6 EIl
l  a12 
Equation (1) is thus
yA 
6 EIl

F1a1 2
l  a12  a2  2 2 (l  a2 )
Fa2
3EI

3312(230)
6(207)103 (39.76)103 (510)
 510 2
 230 2
   3(207)103 (39.76)103  510  300 
300 
2070(3002 )
 7.99 mm Ans.
The slope at A, relative to the z axis is
 d  F (x  l) 
 A  z 
F1a1 2
(l  a12 )    2 ( x  l ) 2  a2 (3x  l )   
6 EIl  dx  6 EI   x  l  a2
F1a1 2

6 EIl
 l  a12   2 3( x  l ) 2  3a2 ( x  l )  a2 (3x  l ) 
F
6 EI x  l  a2
 1 1 (l 2  a12 )  2  3a2 2  2la2 

Fa F
6 EIl 6 EI

3312(230)
6(207)10 (39.76)10 (510)
3 3  5102  2302 
2070
 3 
3(3002 )  2(510)(300) 
6(207)10 (39.76)10
3
 0.0304 rad Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-25 From the solutions to Prob. 3-81, T1  392.16 lbf and T2  58.82 lbf
d4  (1) 4
I   0.049 09 in 4
64 64

y A   1 1  x 2  b12  l 2    82  14 2  22 2   0.0452 in Ans.
Fb x  ( 350)(14)(8)

 6 EIl  x 8in 6(30)10 (0.049 09)(22)
6
F b x
 6 EIl

z A   2 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 x 8in

( 450.98)(6)(8)
6(30)10 6
(0.049 09)(22)
 82  62  22 2   0.0428 in Ans.
The displacement magnitude is   y A2  z A2  0.04522  0.04282  0.0622 in Ans.
   1 1  x 2  b12  l 2   
d y  d Fb x 
 A  z  
Fb
  1 1 (3a12  b12  l 2 )
 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl   x  a1 6 EIl
3  82   14 2  22 2   0.00242 rad
(350)(14)
 Ans.
6(30)10 (0.04909)(22) 
6 
    2 2 ( x 2  b22  l 2 )    2 2  3a12  b22  l 2 

 dz  d  F b x 
 A  y   
Fb

 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl   x  a1 6 EIl
3  82   62  222   0.00356 rad

(450.98)(6)
 Ans.
6(30)10 (0.04909)(22) 
6 
The slope magnitude is  A  0.00242 2   0.00356   0.00430 rad Ans.

2
______________________________________________________________________________
4-26 From the solutions to Prob. 3-82, T1  250 N and T2  37.5 N

d4  (20)4
I   7 854 mm 4
64 64
 345sin 45o  (550)(300)
 3002  550 2  8502 
 F1 y b1 x 2 2 
yA   ( x  b1  l ) 
2

 6 EIl  x 300mm 6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3
 1.60 mm Ans.
F b x Fb x 
z A   1z 1 ( x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 300mm
 345 cos 45  (550)(300)
 300  5502  850 2 
o
 2
6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3

287.5(150)(300)
6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3  3002  150 2  8502   0.650 mm Ans.
The displacement magnitude is   y A2  z A2  1.602   0.650   1.73 mm Ans.

2

 x  b12  l 2    
d y  d  F1 y b1 x 2  
 A  z  
F1 y b1
   (3a12  b12  l 2 )
 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl   x  a1 6 EIl
  345sin 45o  (550)
 3  3002   5502  8502   0.00243 rad Ans.
6(207)10 (7 854)(850) 
3 
    1z 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 2  x 2  b2 2  l 2  
dz  d F b x 
 A  y   
Fb x

 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x  a1

F1z b1
6 EIl
 3a12  b12  l 2   2 2  3a12  b22  l 2 
Fb
6 EIl
 345cos 45  (550) 3 3002  5502  8502 
 
o

6(207)103 (7 854)(850)  

287.5(150) 3  3002   1502  8502   1.91 10 4 rad Ans.
6(207)103 (7 854)(850)  
The slope magnitude is  A  0.002432  0.0001912  0.00244 rad Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-27 From the solutions to Prob. 3-83, FB  750 lbf

d4  (1.25) 4
I   0.1198 in 4
64 64
From Table A-9, beams 6 (subscript 1) and 10 (subscript 2)
 x  b12  l 2    l  x2 
 F1 y b1 x 2 F2 y a2 x 2 
yA  
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 16in
 300 cos 20  (14)(16)  750sin 20  (9)(16)
16  14  30    30  162 
o o
 2 2 2 2
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30) 6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30)

 0.0805 in Ans.
z A   1z 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 z 2  l 2  x 2 
F b x F ax 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 16in
 300sin 20  (14)(16)  750 cos 20  (9)(16)
16   30  162 
o o
 2
 14  30
2 2
 2
6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30)

6
6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30)
6
 0.1169 in Ans.
The displacement magnitude is   y A2  z A2  0.08052   0.1169   0.142 in Ans.
2

 x  b12  l 2    l  x 2  
d y  d  F1 y b1 x 2  
 A  z  
F2 y a2 x 2
  
 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x  a1
 3a  b  l   6EIl  l  3a 
F1 y b1 F2 y a2
 2 2 2 2 2
6 EIl
 300 cos 20  (14) 3 16  14  30 
1 1 1
 
o

6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30)  
2 2 2
6

 750sin 20  (9)302  3 162    8.06 105  rad
o
Ans.
6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30) 
6 
    1z 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 z 2  l 2  x 2   
dz  d F b x 
 A  y   
F ax

 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x  a1

F1z b1
6 EIl
 3a12  b12  l 2   2 z 2  l 2  3a12 
F a
6 EIl

 300sin 20  (14)
o
 3 16   14  30  
 750 cos 20o  (9)
302  3 162  
 6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30)  
2 2 2
6(30)10 (0.119 8)(30)

6 6
 0.00115 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is  A  8.06 10 5    0.001152  0.00115 rad Ans.

2
______________________________________________________________________________
4-28 From the solutions to Prob. 3-84, FB = 22.8 (103) N

 d 4   50 
 306.8 103  mm 4
4
I 
64 64
 F1 y b1 x 2 F2 y b2 x 2 
yA   ( x  b12  l 2 )  ( x  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x  400mm
11103  sin 20o  (650)(400)
 3

6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3  4002  6502  10502 
 22.8 103  sin 25o  (300)(400)

 
6(207)103 (306.8)103 (1050)
 4002  3002  10502 
 3.735 mm Ans.

F b x F bx 
z A   1z 1 ( x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 z 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x  400mm
11103  cos 20o  (650)(400)
 
6(207)103 (306.8)103 (1050)
 4002  6502  10502 
 22.8 103  cos 25o  (300)(400)
 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3  400 2  3002  1050 2   1.791 mm Ans.
The displacement magnitude is   y A2  z A2   3.735   1.7912  4.14 mm Ans.

2
   1z 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 z 2  x 2  b2 2  l 2   
d y  d F b x 
 A  z  
F bx

 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x  a1
 3a  b  l   6EIl  3a  b  l 
F1 y b1 F2 y b2
 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 EIl
1 1 1 2
1110  sin 20  (650)

   3  400   650
3 o
 1050 2 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050) 
2 2
3 3
 22.8 103  sin 25o  (300)

   3  4002   3002  1050 2 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050) 
3 3 
 0.00507 rad Ans.
    1z 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 z 2  x 2  b2 2  l 2   
dz  d F b x 
 A  y   
F bx

 d x  x  a1  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x  a1

F1z b1
6 EIl
 3a12  b12  l 2   2 z 2  3a12  b22  l 2 
F b
6 EIl
1110  cos 20  (650)
   3  400 2   650 2  1050 2 
3 o
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050) 

3 3 
 22.8 103  cos 25o  (300)
   3  4002   300 2  1050 2 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050) 
3 3 
 0.00489 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is  A   0.00507    0.00489   0.00704 rad Ans.
2 2
______________________________________________________________________________
4-29 From the solutions to Prob. 3-79, T1 = 60 lbf and T2 = 400 lbf , and Prob. 4-23, I = 0.119 8
in4. From Table A-9, beam 6,

 x  b12  l 2   2 z 2  x 2  b22  l 2   
dz  d  F1z b1 x 2 
O  y   
F bx
   
 d x  x 0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl  x0
  1z 1  b12  l 2   2 z 2  b2 2  l 2     302  402 

F b F b 575(30)
6 EIl 6 EIl 6(30)106 (0.119 8)(40)

460(12)
6(30)10 (0.119 8)(40)
6 12 2  40 2   0.00468 rad Ans.
 d  F1z a1  l  x  2 F a l  x  2
 x  a12  2lx   2 z 2  x  a22  2lx   
dz  
C  y       
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
   1z 1  6lx  2l 2  3 x 2  a12   2 z 2  6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a22  

F a F a 
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x l

6 EIl

F1z a1 2
l  a12   2 z 2  l 2  a22 
F a
6 EIl
575(10)  40  102 
2
460(28)  402  282 
   0.00219 rad Ans.
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(40) 6(30)106 (0.119 8)(40)
______________________________________________________________________________
4-30 From the solutions to Prob. 3-80, T1 = 2 880 N and T2 = 432 N, and Prob. 4-24, I = 39.76
(103) mm4. From Table A-9, beams 6 and 10
d y  d Fb x 
O  z       1 1 ( x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 (l 2  x 2 )  
Fa x
 d x  x 0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 0
 Fb Fa  Fb Fal
  1 1 (3x 2  b12  l 2 )  2 2 (l 2  3x 2 )   1 1 (b12  l 2 )  2 2
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 0 6 EIl 6 EI

3 312(280)
6(207)10 (39.76)10 (510)
3 3  2802  5102  
2 070(300)(510)
6(207)103 (39.76)103
 0.0131 rad Ans.
d y  d  F1a1 (l  x ) 2 
C  z  
Fa x
   ( x  a12  2lx)  2 2 (l 2  x 2 )  
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
 Fa Fa  Fa Fal
  1 1 (6lx  2l 2  3 x 2  a12 )  2 2 (l 2  3 x 2 )   1 1 (l 2  a12 )  2 2
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x l 6 EIl 3EI
3 312(230) 2 070(300)(510)
 (510 2  230 2 ) 
6(207)10 (39.76)10 (510)
3 3
3(207)103 (39.76)103
 0.0191 rad Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-31 From the solutions to Prob. 3-81, T1 = 392.19 lbf and T2 = 58.82 lbf , and Prob. 4-25, I =
0.0490 9 in4. From Table A-9, beam 6


 d  F1 y b1 x 2
x  b12  l 2     1 y 1 (b12  l 2 )
d y  
O  z  
F b
  
 d x  x  0  dx  6 EIl   x 0 6 EIl

350(14)
6(30)10 (0.04909)(22)
6 142  22 2   0.00726 rad Ans.
 x  b22  l 2      2 z 2  b22  l 2 
dz  d  F2 z b2 x 2 
O  y   
F b
   
 d x  x 0  dx  6 EIl   x 0 6 EIl

450.98(6)
6(30)106 (0.04909)(22)
 62  222 
 0.00624 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is O  0.007262   0.00624   0.00957 rad Ans.
2
 x  a12  2lx   
d y  d  F1 y a1 (l  x) 2  
C  z     
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl   x l
 6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a12   
 F1 y a1  F1 y a1 2
 (l  a12 )
 6 EIl  x l 6 EIl

350(8)
6(30)10 (0.0491)(22)
6  222  82   0.00605 rad Ans.
 x  a22  2lx   
dz  d  F2 z a2 (l  x) 2 
C  y       
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl   x l
   2 z 2  6lx  2l 2  3 x 2  a22     2 z 2  l 2  a22 

F a  F a
 6 EIl  x l 6 EIl

450.98(16)
6(30)10 (0.04909)(22)
6  222  162   0.00846 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is C   0.00605   0.008462  0.0104 rad Ans.

2
______________________________________________________________________________
4-32 From the solutions to Prob. 3-82, T1 =250 N and T1 =37.5 N, and Prob. 4-26, I = 7 854
mm4. From Table A-9, beam 6

 d  F1 y b1 x 2
x  b12  l 2     1 y 1 (b12  l 2 )
d y  
O  z  
F b
  
 d x  x  0  dx  6 EIl   x 0 6 EIl
 5502  8502   0.00680 rad

 345sin 45o  (550)
 Ans.
6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3

 x  b12  l 2   2 z 2  x 2  b22  l 2  
dz  d  F1z b1 x 2 
O  y   
F bx
   
 d x  x0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl  x0
 b1  l    b2  l     5502  8502 
F1z b1 2 2 F2 z b2 2 2 345cos 45o  (550)

6 EIl 6 EIl 6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3

287.5(150)
6(207)103 (7 854)(850)
1502  8502   0.00316 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is O  0.00680 2  0.00316 2  0.00750 rad Ans.

 d  F1 y a1 (l  x ) 2
x  a12  2lx      1 y 1  6lx  2l 2  3 x 2  a12  
d y   F a 
C  z     
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl   x l  6 EIl  x l
 8502  3002   0.00558 rad

F1 y a1  345sin 45o  (300)
 (l  a ) 
2 2
Ans.
6 EIl 6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
1 3
 x  a12  2lx   2 z 2  x  a22  2lx   

dz  d  F1z a1 (l  x) 2 F a (l  x) 2 
C  y       
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
 l  a1   6EIl  l  a2    6(207)103 (7 854)(850) 8502  3002 

F1z a1 2 F2 z a2 2 345cos 45o  (300)
 2 2
6 EIl

287.5(700)
6(207)10 (7 854)(850)
3  8502  7002   6.04 105  rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is C   0.00558  6.04 105    0.00558 rad Ans.

2 2
________________________________________________________________________
4-33 From the solutions to Prob. 3-83, FB = 750 lbf, and Prob. 4-27, I = 0.119 8 in4. From Table
A-9, beams 6 and 10
O  z       1 y 1  x 2  b12  l 2   2 y 2  l 2  x 2  
d y  d F b x F ax 
 d x  x 0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 0
  1 y 1  3 x 2  b12  l 2   2 y 2  l 2  3x 2   1 y 1  b12  l 2   2 y 2
F b F a  F b F al
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x 0 6 EIl 6 EI
14  30   6(30)106 (0.119 8)  0.00751 rad

 300 cos 20o  (14) 750sin 20o  (9)(30)
 2 2
Ans.
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30)

 x  b12  l 2   2 z 2  l 2  x 2   
dz  d  F1z b1 x 2 
O  y   
F ax
   
 d x  x 0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 0
   1z 1  3 x 2  b12  l 2   2 z 2  l 2  3 x 2     1z 1  b12  l 2   2 z 2
F b F a  F b F al
 6 EIl 6 EIl  x0 6 EIl 6 EI
14  30   6(30)106 (0.119 8)  0.0104 rad

300sin 20o  (14)  750 cos 20o  (9)(30)
 2 2
Ans.
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30)
The slope magnitude is O  0.007512  0.01042  0.0128 rad Ans.

 d  F1 y a1 (l  x) 2
x  a12  2lx   2 y 2  l 2  x 2   
 dy   
C  z  
F ax
  
 dx  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
  1 y 1  6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a12   2 y 2  l 2  3 x 2    1 y 1 (l 2  a12 )  2 y 2

F a F a  F a F al
 30  16   3(30)106 (0.119 8)  0.0109 rad

 300 cos 20o  (16) 750sin 20o  (9)(30)
 2 2
Ans.
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30)
 x  a12  2lx   2 z 2  l 2  x 2   
dz  d  F1z a1 (l  x) 2 
C  y   
F a x
   
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
   1z 1  6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a12   2 z 2  l 2  3 x 2    1z 1  l 2  a12   2 z 2

F a F a  F a F al
  3(30)106 (0.119 8)  0.0193 rad

300sin 20o  (16)  750 cos 20o  (9)(30)
 30 2
 1 6 2
 Ans.
6(30)106 (0.119 8)(30)
The slope magnitude is C   0.0109    0.0193  0.0222 rad Ans.
2 2
______________________________________________________________________________
4-34 From the solutions to Prob. 3-84, FB = 22.8 kN, and Prob. 4-28, I = 306.8 (103) mm4.
From Table A-9, beam 6
 x  b12  l 2    x  b22  l 2  
d y  d  F1 y b1 x 2  
O  z  
F2 y b2 x 2
  
 d x  x  0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 0
11103  sin 20o  (650)
 b l   b l     6502  10502 
F1 y b1 F2 y b2 
 2 2 2 2
6 EIl 6 EIl 6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)

1 2 3 3
 22.8 103  sin 25o  (300)

  
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3  300 2  10502   0.0115 rad Ans.

 x  b12  l 2   2 z 2  x 2  b22  l 2   
dz  d  F1z b1 x 2 
O  y   
F bx
   
 d x  x0  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x 0
  1z 1  b12  l 2   2 z 2  b22  l 2 
F b F b
6 EIl 6 EIl
11103  cos 20o  (650)
  
6(207)103 (306.8)103 (1050)
 6502  10502 
 22.8 103  cos 25o  (300)
 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3  300 2  1050 2   0.00427 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is O   0.0115   0.00427   0.0123 rad Ans.

2 2

 d  F1 y a1 (l  x) 2
x  a12  2lx    x  a22  2lx   
d y F2 y a2 (l  x) 2  
C  z     
 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
 6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a22  
 F1 y a1 F2 y a2 
 (6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a12 ) 
11103  sin 20o  (400)
 l  a   6EIl  l  a   6(207)10 10502  4002 
F1 y a1 F2 y a2  
 2 2 2 2
6 EIl (306.8)103 (1050)

1 2 3
 22.8 103  sin 25o  (750)

  
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3 10502  750 2   0.0133 rad Ans.
C  y   
dz

 d  F1z a1 (l  x) 2
    x  a12  2lx   2 z 2 
F a (l  x) 2
x  a22  2lx   

 d x  x l  dx  6 EIl 6 EIl   x l
   1z 1  6lx  2l 2  3x 2  a12   2 z 2  6lx  2l 2  3 x 2  a22 

F a F a 
11103  cos 20o  (400)

6 EIl

F1z a1 2
l  a1  
2

F2 z a2 2
6 EIl
l  a2    
2 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3 10502  4002 
 22.8 103  cos 25o  (750)

 
6(207)10 (306.8)10 (1050)
3 3 10502  7502   0.0112 rad Ans.
The slope magnitude is C  0.01332  0.01122  0.0174 rad Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-35 The required new slope in radians is  new = 0.06( /180) = 0.00105 rad.
In Prob. 4-29, I = 0.119 8 in4, and it was found that the greater angle occurs at the bearing
at O where (O)y =  0.00468 rad.
Since is inversely proportional to I,

 new Inew =  old Iold  Inew =  d new
4
/64 =  old Iold / new
 64  old 
1/ 4
or, d new  I old 

  
 new 
The absolute sign is used as the old slope may be negative.
 64 0.00468 
1/ 4
d new   0.119 8   1.82 in Ans.

  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
In Prob. 4-30, I = 39.76 (103) mm4, and it was found that the greater angle occurs at the
bearing at C where (C)y =  0.0191 rad.
See the solution to Prob. 4-35 for the development of the equation
 64  old 
1/ 4
d new  I old 
  
 new 
39.76 103    62.0 mm

 64 0.0191 
1/ 4
d new   Ans.
  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
In Prob. 4-31, I = 0.0491 in4, and the maximum slope is C = 0.0104 rad.
 64  old 
1/ 4
  
 new 
 64 0.0104 
1/ 4
d new   0.0491  1.77 in Ans.

  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
In Prob. 4-32, I = 7 854 mm4, and the maximum slope is O = 0.00750 rad.

 64  old 
1/ 4
  
 new 
 64 0.00750 
1/ 4
d new   7 854   32.7 mm Ans.

  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
In Prob. 4-33, I = 0.119 8 in4, and the maximum slope  = 0.0222 rad.
 64  old 
1/ 4
  
 new 
 64 0.0222 
1/ 4
d new   0.119 8   2.68 in Ans.

  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
In Prob. 4-34, I = 306.8 (103) mm4, and the maximum slope is C = 0.0174 rad.
 64  old 
1/ 4
  
 new 
306.8 103    100.9 mm

 64 0.0174 
1/ 4
d new   Ans.
  0.00105 
______________________________________________________________________________
4-41 IAB =  14/64 = 0.04909 in4, JAB = 2 IAB = 0.09818 in4, IBC = (0.25)(1.5)3/12 = 0.07031 in4,
ICD =  (3/4)4/64 = 0.01553 in4. For Eq. (3-41), b/c = 1.5/0.25 = 6   = 0.299.
The deflection can be broken down into several parts
1. The vertical deflection of B due to force and moment acting on B (y1).

2. The vertical deflection due to the slope at B, B1, due to the force and moment acting on
B (y2 = CD B1 = 2B1).

3. The vertical deflection due to the rotation at B, B2, due to the torsion acting at B (y3 =
BC B1 = 5B1).
4. The vertical deflection of C due to the force acting on C (y4).
5. The rotation at C, C, due to the torsion acting at C (y3 = CD C = 2C).
6. The vertical deflection of D due to the force acting on D (y5).
1. From Table A-9, beams 1 and 4 with F =  200 lbf and MB = 2(200) = 400 lbfin
200  63  400  6 2 
y1     0.01467 in
3  30 10 6  0.04909  2  30 106  0.04909 
2. From Table A-9, beams 1 and 4
 d  Fx 2 M x2  
 x  3l   B      3x  6l   B 
Fx M x
 B1   
 dx  6 EI 2 EI   x l  6 EI EI  x l
 l
  Fl  2M B      200  6   2  400    0.004074 rad
6

 2 EI  2  30 10  0.04909 
6
y 2 = 2(0.004072) = 0.00815 in
3. The torsion at B is TB = 5(200) = 1000 lbfin. From Eq. (4-5)
 TL  1000  6 
B2      0.005314 rad
 JG  AB 0.09818 11.5 10
6
y 3 = 5(0.005314) = 0.02657 in
4. For bending of BC, from Table A-9, beam 1
200  53 
y4    0.00395 in
3  30 10 6  0.07031
5. For twist of BC, from Eq. (3-41), with T = 2(200) = 400 lbfin
400  5 
C   0.02482 rad
0.299 1.5  0.253 11.5 10 6
y 5 = 2(0.02482) = 0.04964 in
6. For bending of CD, from Table A-9, beam 1
200  23 
y6    0.00114 in
3  30 106  0.01553 

Summing the deflections results in
y D   yi  0.01467  0.00815  0.02657  0.00395  0.04964  0.00114  0.1041 in Ans.

6
i 1
This problem is solved more easily using Castigliano’s theorem. See Prob. 4-78.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-42 The deflection of D in the x direction due to Fz is from:

1. The deflection due to the slope at B, B1, due to the force and moment acting on B (x1 =
BC B1 = 5B1).
2. The deflection due to the moment acting on C (x2).
1. For AB, IAB =  14/64 = 0.04909 in4. From Table A-9, beams 1 and 4
 d  Fx 2 M B x 2  
   Fx
 3x  6l   B 
M x
 B1    x  3l    
 dx  6 EI 2 EI   x l  6 EI EI  x l
 l
  Fl  2M B     100  6   2  200    0.002037 rad
6

 2 EI  2  30 10  0.04909 
6
x 1 = 5( 0.002037) =  0.01019 in
2. For BC, IBC = (1.5)(0.25)3/12 = 0.001953 in4. From Table A-9, beam 4
M Cl 2 2  100  5
x2    0.04267 in
2 EI 2  30 106  0.001953
The deflection of D in the x direction due to Fx is from:
3. The elongation of AB due to the tension. For AB, the area is A =  12/4 = 0.7854 in2
150  6 
 3.82 10 5  in
 Fl 
x3    
 AE  AB 0.7854  30 10
6
4. The deflection due to the slope at B, B2, due to the moment acting on B (x1 = BC B2 =
5B2). With IAB = 0.04907 in4,
M Bl 5  150  6
30 106  0.04909
B2    0.003056 rad
EI

x4 = 5( 0.003056) =  0.01528 in
5. The deflection at C due to the bending force acting on C. With IBC = 0.001953 in4
 Fl 3  150  53 
x5       0.10667 in
 3 EI

 BC 3  30  10 6
 0.001953 
6. The elongation of CD due to the tension. For CD, the area is A =  (0.752)/4 = 0.4418
in2
150  2 
 2.26 10 5  in
 Fl 
x6    
 AE CD 0.4418  30 10
6
Summing the deflections results in

xD   xi  0.01019  0.04267  3.82 105 
6
 0.01528  0.10667  2.26 105   0.1749 in Ans.

i 1
______________________________________________________________________________
4-43 JOA = JBC =  (1.54)/32 = 0.4970 in4, JAB =  (14)/32 = 0.09817 in4, IAB =  (14)/64 =
0.04909 in4, and ICD =  (0.754)/64 = 0.01553 in4.
 Tl   Tl   Tl  T  lOA l AB lBC 
           
 GJ OA  GJ  AB  GJ  BC G  J OA J AB J BC 
250(12)  2 9 2 
 6 
    0.0260 rad Ans.
11.5(10 )  0.4970 0.09817 0.4970 
Simplified
Tl 250(12)(13)
GJ 11.5 106   0.09817 
s  
 s  0.0345 rad Ans.

Simplified is 0.0345/0.0260 = 1.33 times greater Ans.
250 133  250 123 

  s  lCD  
Fy lOC 3 Fy lCD 3
yD    0.0345(12) 
3EI AB 3EI CD 3(30)106  0.04909  3(30)106  0.01553 
yD  0.847 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-44 Reverse the deflection equation of beam 7 of Table A-9. Using units in lbf, inches

y
wx
24 EI
 2lx 2  x 3  l 3    
 3000 / 12  x 2 25 x 2  x3   25 12  3
24  30 106  485 
     
 7.159 1010  x  27 106   600 x 2  x 3  Ans.
The maximum height occurs at x = 25(12)/2 = 150 in
ymax  7.159 10 10 150  27 106   600 150 2   1503   1.812 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-45 From Table A-9, beam 6,

yL 
Fbx 2
6 EIl
 x  b2  l 2 
yL 
Fb 3
6 EIl
 x  b2 x  l 2 x 
dyL

dx 6 EIl
Fb
3x2  b2  l 2 
dyL Fb  b 2  l 2 

dx x 0 6 EIl
dyL  d L4
Let   and set I  . Thus,
dx x 0 64
32 Fb  b 2  l 2 
1/ 4
dL  Ans.
3 El
For the other end view, observe beam 6 of Table A-9 from the back of the page, noting
that a and b interchange as do x and –x
32 Fa  l 2  a 2 
1/4
dR  Ans.
3 El
For a uniform diameter shaft the necessary diameter is the larger of d L and d R .
______________________________________________________________________________
4-46 The maximum slope will occur at the left bearing. Incorporating a design factor into the
solution for d L of Prob. 4-45,

 32nFb  l 2  b 2  
1/4
d  
 3 El 
32(1.28)(3000)(200)  300 2  200 2 

d
3 (207)103 (300)(0.001)
4
d  38.1 mm Ans.
  38.14 
I  103.4 103  mm 4
64
From Table A-9, beam 6, the maximum deflection will occur in BC where dyBC /dx = 0
d  Fa  l  x  2
 x  a 2  2lx   0  3 x 2  6lx   a 2  2l 2   0


dx  6 EIl 
3 x 2  6  300  x  1002  2  3002    0  x 2  600 x  63333  0

1
x 600  600 2  4(1)63 333   463.3, 136.7 mm
2 
x = 136.7 mm is acceptable.
 Fa  l  x  2
 x  a 2  2lx  

ymax  
 6 EIl  x 136.7 mm
3 103 100  300  136.7 
 136.7 2  1002  2  300 136.7   0.0678 mm Ans.
6  207 10 103.4 10  300 
3 3
______________________________________________________________________________
4-47 I =  (1.254)/64 = 0.1198 in4. From Table A-9, beam 6
 F a (l  x) 2  F b x 
2 2
  1 1 ( x  a12  2lx)    2 2 ( x 2  b2 2  l 2 ) 
 6 EIl   6 EIl 
8  5  2(20)(8) 
  150(5)(20  8) 
2
 
  6(30)10  0.1198  (20)
2 2

6
 82  102  202 
  
2 1/ 2
250(10)(8)
 
 6(30)10  0.1198  (20)  
6
 0.0120 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

4-48 I =  (1.254)/64 = 0.1198 in4. For both forces use beam 6 of Table A-9.
For F1 = 150 lbf:
0x5
150 15  x
y  1 1  x 2  b12  l 2    x 2  152  202 
Fb x
6 EIl 6  30 10  0.1198  20 
6
 5.217 10 6  x  x 2  175  (1)

5  x  20
F1a1  l  x  150  5  20  x 
y
6 EIl
x 2
 a12  2lx  
6  30 10  0.1198  20 
6
 x 2  52  2  20  x 
 1.739 10 6   20  x   x 2  40 x  25  (2)

For F2 = 250 lbf:
0  x  10
250 10  x
z  2 2  x 2  b22  l 2    x 2  10 2  20 2 
Fb x
6 EIl 6  30 10  0.1198  20 
6
 5.797 106  x  x 2  300  (3)

10  x  20
F a l  x  2 250 10  20  x 
z 2 2
6 EIl
 x  a22  2lx    x 2  102  2  20  x 
6  30 106  0.1198  20  
 5.797 106   20  x   x 2  40 x  100  (4)
Plot Eqs. (1) to (4) for each 0.1 in using a spreadsheet. There are 201 data points, too
numerous to tabulate here but the plot is shown below, where the maximum deflection of
 = 0.01255 in occurs at x = 9.9 in. Ans.
0.015
0.01
0.005
Displacement (in) 0 y (in)

z (in)
-0.005
Total (in)
-0.01
-0.015
0 5 10 15 20
x (in)
______________________________________________________________________________

4-49 The larger slope will occur at the left end.
From Table A-9, beam 8
MBx 2
y AB  ( x  3a 2  6al  2l 2 )
6 EIl
dy AB M B
 (3 x 2  3a 2  6al  2l 2 )
dx 6 EIl
With I =  d 4/64, the slope at the left bearing is
dy AB MB
6 E  d / 64  l
 A  (3a 2  6al  2l 2 )
dx x 0
4
Solving for d
d4
32 M B
3 E Al
 3a 2  6al  2l 2   4
32(1000)
3(42 )  6(4)(10)  2 102  
3 (30)10 (0.002)(10) 
6 
 0.461 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-50 From Table A-5, E = 10.4 Mpsi

MO = 0 = 18 FBC  6(100)  FBC = 33.33 lbf
The cross sectional area of rod BC is A =  (0.52)/4 = 0.1963 in2.
The deflection at point B will be equal to the elongation of the rod BC.
 6.79 105  in
 FL  33.33(12)
 AE  BC  0.1963 30 10 
yB     6
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-51 MO = 0 = 6 FAC  11(100)  FAC = 183.3 lbf

The deflection at point A in the negative y direction is equal to the elongation of the rod
AC. From Table A-5, Es = 30 Mpsi.
183.3 12 
 3.735 104  in
 FL 
  0.5  / 4  30 10 
yA     
 AE  AC 
2

6
By similar triangles the deflection at B due to the elongation of the rod AC is

y A y B1
  y B1  3 y A  3( 3.735)10 4  0.00112 in
6 18
From Table A-5, Ea = 10.4 Mpsi
The bar can then be treated as a simply supported beam with an overhang AB. From Table
A-9, beam 10,

 
 dy  Fa 2  d  F (x  l)  Fa 2
yB 2  BD  BC   (l  a )  7   
 ( x  l ) 2
 a (3 x  l ) 
   (l  a)
 dx x l  a  3EI  dx  6 EI   x l  a 3EI
F Fa 2 7 Fa Fa 2
7 3( x  l ) 2  3a( x  l )  a (3 x  l )  |x l  a  (l  a )   (2l  3a )  (l  a )
6 EI 3EI 6 EI 3EI
7 100  5 100  52 
 2(6)  3(5) 
6(10.4)106  0.25(23 ) / 12  3(10.4)106  0.25(23 ) / 12 
 (6  5)
 0.01438 in
yB = yB1 + yB2 =  0.00112  0.01438 =  0.0155 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-52 From Table A-5, EA = 71.7 GPa, ES = 207 GPa.
MO = 0 = 450 FCD – 650(4000)  FCD = 5777.8 N
 FL  5777.8  220 
yD       0.2172 mm
 AE CD  / 4  0.0062  207 109
The deflection of B due to yD is
(yB)1 = (650/450) ( 0.2172) =  0.3137 mm
Treat beam OADB as simply-supported at O and D. Use beam 10 of Table A-9 and use
the equation for yC,
Fa 2  l  a  4000  0.2   0.450  0.2 
 yB 2  
2

3EI 3  71.7 109  0.012  0.0503 / 12 
 3.868 10 3  m  3.868 mm
Superposition:
yB = (yB)1 + (yB)2 =  0.3137  3.868 =  4.18 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-53 From Table A-5, EA = 71.7 MPa, ES = 207 MPa
MO = 0 = 450 FCD – 150(4000)  FCD = 1333 N
 FL  1333  220 
yD       0.0501 mm
 AE CD  / 4  0.0062  207 109
The deflection of B due to yD is
(yB)1 = (650/450) ( 0.0501) =  0.0724 mm
Treat beam OADB as simply-supported at O and D. Find slope at B for beam 6 of Table
A-9,
  x 3  3lx 2   2l 2  a 2  x  la 2 
Fa
yBC 
6 EIl  
dy Fa
 BC  BC   3 x 2  6lx  2l 2  a 2 
dx 6 EIl
For OADB,

4000  0.15   3  0.450   6  0.450  0.450  2  0.450   0.152 
2 2
 
6  71.7 10  0.012   0.050 / 12  0.450
D  9 3
 0.004 463 rad

Deflection of B due to slope at D is
(yB)2 = 0.004 463(200) = 0.8926 mm
Superposition:
yB = (yB)1 + (yB)2 =  0.0725 + 0.8926 = 0.820 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-54 From Table A-5, EA = 10.4 Mpsi, ES = 30 Mpsi
MO = 0 = 18 FCD – 6(100)  FCD = 33.33 lbf
33.33 12 
 6.792 105  in
 FL 
yB     
 AE  BC  / 4  0.5  30 10
2 6
The deflection of A due to yB is

(yA)1 = (6/18) ( 6.792)105 =  2.264 (105) in
Treat beam OAB as simply-supported at O and D. Use beam 6 of Table A-9
100 12  6  62  122  182 

 y A 2 
Fbx 2
6 EIl
 x b l   
2 2
6 10.4 10  0.25  2 / 12   18

6 3
 5.538 10 3  in
Superposition:
yA = (yA)1 + (yA)2 =  2.264 (105)  5.538 (103) =  5.56 (103) in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-55 From Table A-5, ES = 30 Mpsi
MO = 0 = 18 FAC – 11(100)  FAC = 183.3 lbf
183.3 12 
 3.734 104  in
 FL 
yA     
   
Ans.
 AE  AC  / 4 0.5 2
30 10 6
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
MO = 0 = 450 FCD – 650(4000)  FCD = 5777.8 N
 FL  5777.8  220 
yD       0.2172 mm
 AE CD  / 4  0.0062  207 109
The deflection of A due to yD is
(yA)1 = (150/300) ( 0.2172) =  0.1086 mm
Treat beam OADB as simply-supported at O and D. Use beam 10 of Table A-9
4000  0.2  0.15  0.450 2  0.150 2 
 y A 2 
Fax 2
 l  x   6 71.7 109  0.012 0.0503 / 12  0.450
     
2
6 EIl
 0.8926 103  m  0.8926 mm
Superposition:
yA = (yA)1 + (yA)2 =  0.1086 + 0.8926 = 0.784 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

MO = 0 = 450 FCD – 150(4000)  FCD = 1333 N
 FL  1333  220 
yD       0.0501 mm
 AE CD  / 4  0.0062  207 109
The deflection of A due to yD is
(yA)1 = (150/300) ( 0.0501) =  0.02505 mm
Treat beam OADB as simply-supported at O and D. Use beam 6 of Table A-9
4000  0.3 0.15  0.152  0.32  0.452 
 y A 2 
Fbx 2
 x  b  l   6 71.7 109  0.012 0.0503 / 12  0.450
     
2 2
6 EIl
 0.6695 103  m  0.6695 mm
Superposition:
yA = (yA)1 + (yA)2 =  0.02505  0.6695 =  0.695 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-58 From Table A-5, E = 207 GPa, and G = 79.3 GPa.
 Tl   Tl  Fl AB 3 FlOC l AB 2 Fl AC l AB 2 Fl AB 3
3EI AB G  dOC 4 / 32  G  d AC 4 / 32  3E  d 34 / 64 
yB   l
 AB   AB l    
 GJ OC  GJ  AC
32 Fl AB 2  lOC l 2l AB 
   AC 4  4
  Gd OC Gd AC 3Ed AB 
4
The spring rate is k = F/ yB. Thus
 32l 2  lOC 2l AB  
1
l
k   AB   AC 4  4 
   GdOC Gd AC 3Ed AB  
4
 32  2002   2  200   
1
200 200
 79.3 10 18 79.3 10 12 3  207 10 8   
    
  3 4 3 4 3 4
 8.10 N/mm Ans.

_____________________________________________________________________________
4-59 For the beam deflection, use beam 5 of Table A-9.

F
R1  R2 
2
F F
1  , and  2 
2k1 2k 2
1   2 Fx
y AB  1  x (4 x 2  3l 3 )
l 48 EI
 1 k2  k1 x 
y AB  F    x (4 x 2  3l 3 )  Ans.
 2k1 2k1k2l 48 EI 

For BC, since Table A-9 does not have an equation (because of symmetry) an equation
will need to be developed as the problem is no longer symmetric. This can be done easily
using beam 6 of Table A-9 with a = l /2
 F Fk 2  Fk1 F  l / 2  l  x   2 l 2 
yBC   x  x   2lx 
2k1 2k1k 2l EIl  4 
 l  x  4 x 2  l 2  8lx  Ans.
 
 1 k2  k1
 F   x
 2k1 2k1k2l 48 EI 
______________________________________________________________________________
4-60
Fa F
R1  , and R2  (l  a )
l l
Fa F
1  , and  2  (l  a )
lk1 lk 2
1   2 Fax 2
y AB  1  x (l  x 2 )
l 6 EIl
 a 
 k a  k1  l  a   
x ax 2
y AB  F   2  2
(l  x 2 )  Ans.
 k1l k1k2l 6 EIl 
  F (x  l)
yBC  1  1 2 x  ( x  l ) 2  a (3 x  l ) 
l 6 EI 
 a (x  l) 
 k a  k1  l  a   
x
yBC  F   2  2
( x  l ) 2  a (3 x  l )   Ans.
 k1l k1k2l 6 EI 
______________________________________________________________________________
4-61 Let the load be at x ≥ l/2. The maximum deflection will be in Section AB
(Table A-9, beam 6)
y AB 
Fbx 2
6 EIl
 x  b2  l 2 
dy AB
dx

Fb
6 EIl
 3x 2  b2  l 2   0  3x 2  b2  l 2  0
l 2  b2 l2
x , xmax   0.577l Ans.
3 3
For x  l/2, xmin  l  0.577l  0.423l Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

4-62
M O  1(3000)(1500)  2500(2000)
 9.5 106  N·mm
RO  1(3000)  2500  5 500 N
From Prob. 4-10, I  4.14(106 ) mm 4
M  9.5 106   5500 x 

x2
 2500 x - 2 000
1
2
 9.5 10  x  2 750 x   1250 x  2000  C1
dy x3
EI 6 2 2
dx 6
dy
 0 at x  0  C1  0
dx
 9.5 106  x  2 750 x 2   1250 x  2000
dy x3
EI
2
dx 6
EIy  4.75 106  x 2  916.67 x 3   416.67 x  2000  C2

x4 3
24
y  0 at x  0  C2  0 , and therefore
114 106  x 2  22 103  x 3  x 4  10 103  x  2000 

1 
y
3
24 EI  
yB  
1 114 106  3000 2  22 103  30003
24  207 10  4.14 10
3 6 
30004  10 103   3000  2000  

3

 25.4 mm Ans.
MO = 9.5 (106) Nm. The maximum stress is compressive at the bottom of the beam where
y = 29.0  100 =  71 mm
9.5 106  (71)

 163 106  Pa  163MPa Ans.
My
 max   
I 4.14(106 )
The solutions are the same as Prob. 4-10.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-63 See Prob. 4-11 for reactions: RO = 465 lbf and RC = 285 lbf. Using lbf and inch units
M = 465 x  450 x  721  300 x  1201

dy
EI  232.5 x 2  225 x  72  150 x  120  C1
2 2
dx
EIy = 77.5 x3  75 x  723  50 x  1203  C1x
y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = 240 in
0 = 77.5(2403)  75(240 72)3  50(240  120)3 + C1 x  C1 =  2.622(106) lbfin2
and,
EIy = 77.5 x3  75 x  723  50 x  1203 2.622(106) x
Substituting y =  0.5 in at x = 120 in gives
30(106) I ( 0.5) = 77.5 (1203)  75(120  72)3  50(120  120)3 2.622(106)(120)
I = 12.60 in4
Select two 5 in  6.7 lbf/ft channels; from Table A-7, I = 2(7.49) = 14.98 in4
12.60  1 
ymidspan      0.421 in Ans.
14.98  2 
The maximum moment occurs at x = 120 in where Mmax = 34.2(103) lbfin
Mc 34.2(103 )(2.5)
 max    5 710 psi O.K.
I 14.98
______________________________________________________________________________
4-64 I =  (1.54)/64 = 0.2485 in4, and w = 150/12 = 12.5 lbf/in.

RO  12.5  39  (340)  453.0 lbf
1 24
2 39
12.5 2
M  453.0 x  x  340 x  15
1
2
dy 12.5 3
EI  226.5 x 2  x  170 x  15  C1
2
dx 6
EIy  75.5 x 3  0.5208 x 4  56.67 x  15  C1 x  C2
3
y  0 at x  0  C2  0
y  0 at x  39 in  C1  6.385(10 4 ) lbf  in 2 Thus,
75.5 x 3  0.5208 x 4  56.67 x  15  6.385 10 4  x 

1 
y
3
EI  
Evaluating at x = 15 in,

yA 
1  75.5 153   0.5208 154   56.67 15  15 3  6.385 104  (15) 
30(10 )(0.2485) 
6 
 0.0978 in Ans.
ymidspan 
1 75.5 19.53   0.5208 19.54   56.67 19.5  15 3  6.385 10 4  (19.5) 
30(10 )(0.2485) 
6 
  0.1027 in Ans.
5 % difference Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
3 14 100 7 14 100
4-65 I = 0.05 in4, RA   420 lbf  and RB   980 lbf 
10 10
M = 420 x  50 x2 + 980  x  10 1
dy
EI  210 x 2  16.667 x 3  490 x  10  C1
2
dx
EIy  70 x 3  4.167 x 4  163.3 x  10  C1 x  C 2

3
y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = 10 in  C1 =  2 833 lbfin2. Thus,
1
30 10  0.05 
y 70 x 3  4.167 x 4  163.3 x  10 3  2833 x 
6 
 6.667 107  70 x 3  4.167 x 4  163.3 x  10  2833 x  Ans.

3
 
The tabular results and plot are exactly the same as Prob. 4-21.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-66 RA = RB = 400 N, and I = 6(323) /12 = 16 384 mm4.

First half of beam,
M =  400 x + 400  x  300 1
dy
EI  200 x 2  200 x  300  C1
2
dx
From symmetry, dy/dx = 0 at x = 550 mm  0 =  200(5502) + 200(550 – 300) 2 + C1
 C1 = 48(106) N·mm2
EIy =  66.67 x3 + 66.67  x  300 3 + 48(106) x + C2

y = 0 at x = 300 mm  C2 =  12.60(109) N·mm3.
The term (EI)1 = [207(103)16 384] 1 = 2.949 (1010 ) Thus
y = 2.949 (1010) [ 66.67 x3 + 66.67  x  300 3 + 48(106) x  12.60(109)]
yO =  3.72 mm Ans.
yx = 550 mm =2.949 (1010) [ 66.67 (5503) + 66.67 (550  300)3

+ 48(106) 550  12.60(109)] = 1.11 mm Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-67
M  M A  Fa 
1
 0  R1l  Fa  M A  R1 
l
B
 M A  0  M A  R2l  F (l  a)  R2  l  Fl  Fa  M A 
1
M  R1 x  M A  R2 x  l
1
dy 1 1
EI  R1 x 2  M A x  R2 x  l  C1
2
dx 2 2
1 1 1
EIy  R1 x 3  M A x 2  R2 x  l  C1 x  C2
3
6 2 6
y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
1 1
y = 0 at x = l  C1   R1l 2  M Al . Thus,
6 2
1 1 1  1 1 
EIy  R1 x 3  M A x 2  R2 x  l    R1l 2  M Al  x
3
6 2 6  6 2 
 M A  Fa  x 3  3M A x 2l   Fl  Fa  M A  x  l   Fal 2  2 M Al 2  x 
1 
y Ans.
3
6 EIl  
In regions,
 M A  Fa  x 3  3M A x 2l   Fal 2  2 M Al 2  x 
1
y AB 
6 EIl  
 M A  x 2  3lx  2l 2   Fa  l 2  x 2  
x
 Ans.
6 EIl  

 M A  Fa  x3  3M A x 2l   Fl  Fa  M A  x  l    Fal 2  2M Al 2  x 
1 
yBC 
3

 
6 EIl
M A  x 3  3 x 2l   x  l   2 xl 2   F   ax 3   l  a  x  l   axl 2 
1

3 3
   
 
6 EIl
 M A  x  l  l 2  Fl  x  l   x  l   a  3 x  l  
1

2
 
 
6 EIl
 x  l   M l  F  x  l 2  a 3x  l 
   
 Ans.
6 EI
A
The solutions reduce to the same as Prob. 4-17.

______________________________________________________________________________
w b  a 
4-68  M D  0  R1l  w  b  a  l  b   b  a    2l  b  a 
 1 
 R1 
 2  2l
w w
M  R1 x  xa  xb
2 2
2 2
dy 1 w w
EI  R1 x 2  xa  x  b  C1
3 3
dx 2 6 6
1 w w
EIy  R1 x 3  xa  x  b  C1 x  C2
4 4
6 24 24
y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
y = 0 at x = l
C1    R1l 3   l  a    l  b  
1 1 w 4 w 4
l 6 24 24 
1  1 w b  a
 2l  b  a  x3  x  a  x  b
w w
y 
4 4
EI  6 2l 24 24
1  1 w b  a  4  
 2l  b  a  l 3   l  a    l  b   
w w
x 
4
l 6 2l 24 24  

w

2  b  a  2l  b  a  x3  l x  a  l x  b
4 4

24 EIl
 x  2  b  a  2l  b  a  l 2   l  a    l  b   Ans.
4 4
 

The above answer is sufficient. In regions,
y AB 
w
24 EIl
 2  b  a  2l  b  a  x 3  x  2  b  a  2l  b  a  l 2   l  a    l  b  

4 4

2  b  a  2l  b  a  x 2  2  b  a  2l  b  a  l 2   l  a    l  b  
wx 

4 4
24 EIl  

yBC 
w

2  b  a  2l  b  a  x3  l  x  a 
4

24 EIl
 x  2  b  a  2l  b  a  l 2   l  a    l  b  
4 4
 
yCD 
w

2  b  a  2l  b  a  x3  l  x  a   l  x  b 
4 4

24 EIl
 x  2  b  a  2l  b  a  l 2   l  a    l  b  
4 4
 
These equations can be shown to be equivalent to the results found in Prob. 4-19.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-69 I1 =  (1.3754)/64 = 0.1755 in4, I2 =  (1.754)/64 = 0.4604 in4,
R1 = 0.5(180)(10) = 900 lbf
Since the loading and geometry are symmetric, we will only write the equations for the
first half of the beam
For 0  x  8 in M  900 x  90 x  3
2
At x = 3, M = 2700 lbfin
Writing an equation for M / I, as seen in the figure,

the magnitude and slope reduce since I 2 > I 1.
To reduce the magnitude at x = 3 in, we add the
term,  2700(1/I 1  1/ I 2) x  3 0. The slope of 900 at x = 3 in is also reduced. We
account for this with a ramp function,  x  31 . Thus,
M 900 x 1 1 1 1 90
  2700    x  3  900    x  3  x3
0 1 2
I I1  I1 I 2   I1 I 2  I2
 5128 x  9520 x  3  3173 x  3  195.5 x  3
0 1 2
dy
E  2564 x 2  9520 x  3  1587 x  3  65.17 x  3  C1
1 2 3
dx
dy
Boundary Condition:  0 at x  8 in
dx
0  2564  8   9520 8  3   1587  8  3   65.17 8  3   C1 

2 2 3
C1 =  68.67 (103) lbf/in2
Ey  854.7 x 3  4760 x  3  529 x  3  16.29 x  3  68.67(103 ) x  C2

2 3 4

y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
Thus, for 0  x  8 in
1 
y 854.7 x 3  4760 x  3  529 x  3  16.29 x  3  68.7(103 ) x  Ans.
2 3 4
6  
30(10 )
Using a spreadsheet, the following graph represents the deflection equation found above
Beam Deflection
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-0.002
-0.004
y (in)
-0.006
-0.008
-0.01
-0.012
x (in)
The maximum is ymax  0.0102 in at x  8 in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-70 The force and moment reactions at the left support

are F and Fl respectively. The bending moment
equation is
M = Fx  Fl
Plots for M and M /I are shown.
M /I can be expressed using singularity functions
M F Fl Fl l F l
0 1
 x  x  x
I 2 I1 2 I1 4 I1 2 2 I1 2
where the step down and increase in slope at x = l /2 are given by the last two terms.
Integrate
dy F 2 Fl Fl l F l
1 2
E  x  x x  x  C1
dx 4 I1 2 I1 4 I1 2 4 I1 2

dy/dx = 0 at x = 0  C1 = 0
F 3 Fl 2 Fl l F l
2 3
Ey  x  x  x  x  C2
12 I1 4 I1 8I1 2 12 I1 2
y = 0 at x = 0  C2 = 0
F  3 l l 
2 3
y  2 x  6lx  3l x  2 x 
24 EI1  2 
2
2
F  l l  5 Fl 3
3 2
y x l / 2   2    6l    3l (0)  2(0)    Ans.

24 EI1   2  2  96 EI1
 2  l   6l  l   3l  l    2  x     
F   l  l  3Fl 3
2 3
y x l  Ans.
3 2
24 EI1   2  2   16 EI1
The answers are identical to Ex. 4-10.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-71 Place a fictitious force, Q, at the center. The reaction, R1 = wl / 2 + Q / 2

 wl Q  wx2 M x
M   x 
 2 2 2 Q 2
Integrating for half the beam and doubling the results
 1    wl  wx2   x 
 
l/2
 M 2
l /2
ymax  2 M  dx    2  x   dx
 EI 0  Q  Q  0 EI 0   2   2 
Note, after differentiating with respect to Q, it can be set to zero
w  x 3l x 4 
0   2EI  3  4   384 EI Ans.
w 5w
l/2
l/2
ymax  x l  x dx  2
2 EI 0
______________________________________________________________________________
4-72 Place a fictitious force Q pointing downwards at the end. Use the variable x originating at
the free end and positive to the left
wx 2 M
M  Qx   x
2 Q
 1 l  M   1  wx 2 
ymax    M      x  dx  
w
l l
 dx    x3dx
 EI 0   Q   Q  0 EI 0  2  2 EI 0
wl 4
 Ans.
8EI
______________________________________________________________________________

4-73 From Table A-7, I1-1 = 1.85 in4. Thus, I = 2(1.85) = 3.70 in4
First treat the end force as a variable, F.
Adding weight of channels of 2(5)/12 =
0.833 lbf/in. Using the variable x as
shown in the figure
5.833 2
M  F x  x   F x  2.917 x 2
2
M
 x
F
 
1 M 1 1
A  M dx ( F x  2.917 x 2 )( x ) d x  ( Fx 3 / 3  2.917 x 4 / 4)
60 60 60
EI 0 F EI 0 EI 0
(150)(603 ) / 3  (2.917)(60 4 ) / 4
  0.182 in in the direction of the 150 lbf force
30(106 )(3.70)
 y A   0.182 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-74
P a
RA   Q
2 l
P l  a 
RB   Q
2 l
l P a  M a
0 x M    Q x  x
2 2 l  Q l
l P a   l M a
 xl M    Q x  P x    x
2 2 l   2 Q l
M
l  x  (l  a) M  Q l  a  x   l  a  x
Q
We observe that for section BD, the only force is Q, which is zero, so there is no
contribution to the deflection at D from the strain energy in section BD.
  
 1 l  a M  1  l /2 Pa 2 l  Pa Pa 2 Pa  
yD   M dx    x dx   x2  x  x  dx
 EI 0 Q Q  0 EI  0 2l l /2
 2l l 2  
The first two integrals can be combined from 0 to l,
1  Pal 3 Pa  3  l   Pa  2  l    Pal 2
3 2
yD     l       l      Ans.
EI  6l l   2   4   2    16 EI
(b) Table A-9, beam 5 with F = P,
Slope:  
dy

dx 48EI
P
12 x 2  3l 2  
P
16 EI
 4x2  l 2 

Pl 2 Pl 2
At x = 0,  A   . By symmetry,  C 
16 EI 16 EI
Pal
yC  a C 
2
Ans. This agrees with part (a)
16 EI
______________________________________________________________________________
4-75 The energy includes torsion in AC, torsion in CO, and bending in AB.
Neglecting transverse shear in AB
M
M  Fx, x
F
In AC and CO,
T
T  Fl AB ,  l AB
F
The total energy is
 T 2l   T 2l 

M2
l AB
U      dx
 2GJ  AC  2GJ CO 0
2 EI AB
The deflection at the tip is
  Fx dx
U Tl AC T TlCO T M M Tl l Tl l 1
l AB l AB
    dx  AC AB  CO AB  2
F GJ AC F GJ CO F 0
EI 3 F GJ AC GJ CO EI AB 0
Tl AC l AB TlCO l AB Fl AB Fl AC l AB FlCO l AB Fl AB
GJ CO 3EI AB G  d AC / 32  G  dCO / 32  3E  d AB / 64 

3 2 2 3
    
GJ AC 4 4 4
32 Fl AB
2
 l AC l 2l AB 
   CO4  4 
  Gd AC Gd CO 3Ed AB
4

  l AC 2l AB 
1
F l
k    CO4  4 
 32l AB
2
 Gd AC GdCO 3Ed AB 
4
 2  200  
1
 200 200
32  2002   79.3 103 184 79.3 103 124 3  207 103 84  
      8.10 N/mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-76 I1 =  (1.3754)/64 = 0.1755 in4, I2 =  (1.754)/64 = 0.4604 in4
Place a fictitious force Q pointing downwards at the midspan of the beam, x = 8 in

1 1
R1  (10)180  Q  900  0.5Q
2 2
M
For 0  x  3 in M   900  0.5Q  x  0.5 x
Q
M
For 3  x  13 in M   900  0.5Q  x  90( x  3) 2  0.5 x
Q
By symmetry it is equivalent to use twice the integral from 0 to 8
 8 M M 
   2   900 x  90  x  3  x dx
1 1 
3 8
dx   900 x dx 
2
EI 2 3  
2
 0 EI Q Q 0 EI1 0
300 x 3 1  1 9 
3 8
   300 x3  90( x 4  2 x 3  x 2 ) 
EI1 0 EI 2  4 2 3
120.2 103 
145.5 10   25.3110   
8100 1 8100
   
   30 106 0.1755  30 106 0.4604
EI1 EI 2 
3 3
 0.0102 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-77 I =  (0.54)/64 = 3.068 (103) in4, J = 2 I = 6.136 (103) in4, A = (0.52)/4 = 0.1963 in2.
Consider x to be in the direction of OA, y vertically upward, and z in the direction of AB.
Resolve the force F into components in the x and y directions obtaining 0.6 F in the
horizontal direction and 0.8 F in the negative vertical direction. The 0.6 F force creates
strain energy in the form of bending in AB and OA, and tension in OA. The 0.8 F force
creates strain energy in the form of bending in AB and OA, and torsion in OA. Use the
dummy variable x to originate at the end where the loads are applied on each segment,
M
0.6 F: AB M  0.6 F x  0.6 x
F
M
OA M  4.2 F  4.2
F
Fa
Fa  0.6 F  0.6
F
M
0.8 F: AB M  0.8 F x  0.8 x
F
M
OA M  0.8 F x  0.8 x
F

T
T  5.6 F  5.6
F
Once the derivatives are taken the value of F = 15 lbf can be substituted in. The deflection
of B in the direction of F is*
 
U  Fa L  Fa  TL  T 1 M
 B  F       M dx
F  AE OA F  JG OA F EI F
0.6 15 15 5.6 15 15
6 
0.6    5.6 
6.136 103 11.5 10 6 

0.1963  30 10
15  4.22 
30 106  3.068 10 3  0 30 106  3.068 103  0
 
15
7 15
 0.6 x d x  dx
2
3  3 
 0.8 x  d x   0.8 x  d x
15 15
30 10  3.068 10  0 30 10  3.068 10  0
7 15

2 2
6 6
 1.38 105   0.1000  6.71103   0.0431  0.0119  0.1173

 0.279 in Ans.
*Note. Be careful, this is not the actual deflection of point B. For this, fictitious forces
must be placed on B in the x, y, and z directions. Determine the energy due to each, take
derivatives, and then substitute the values of Fx = 9 lbf, Fy =  12 lbf, and Fz = 0. This can
be done separately and then added by vector addition. The actual deflections of B are
found to be
B = 0.0831 i  0.2862 j  0.00770 k in
From this, the deflection of B in the direction of F is
 B  F  0.6  0.0831  0.8  0.2862   0.279 in

which agrees with our result.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-78 Strain energy. AB: Bending and torsion, BC: Bending and torsion, CD: Bending.
IAB =  (14)/64 = 0.04909 in4, JAB = 2 IAB = 0.09818 in4, IBC = 0.25(1.53)/12 = 0.07031 in4,
ICD =  (0.754)/64 = 0.01553 in4.
For the torsion of bar BC, Eq. (3-41) is in the form of  =TL/(JG), where the equivalent of
J is Jeq = bc 3. With b/c = 1.5/0.25 = 6, JBC = bc 3 = 0.299(1.5)0.253 = 7.008 (103) in4.
Use the dummy variable x to originate at the end where the loads are applied on each
segment,
M
AB: Bending M  F x  2 F  x 2
F

T
Torsion T  5F 5
F
M
BC: Bending M Fx x
F
T
Torsion T  2F 2
F
M
CD: Bending M Fx x
F
  M
U Tl T 1 M
D  dx
F JG F EI F
5F  6  2F 5
   F  x  2 d x
1
7.008 10 11.5 10  30 10  0.04909 0
6
  
0.09818 11.5 10
5 2
2
6 3 6 6
 
1 1
30 10  0.07031 0 30 10  0.01553 0
5 2
 6
F x 2d x  6
F x 2d x
 1.329 10 4  F  2.482 10 4  F  1.141 10 4  F  1.98 10 5  F  5.72 10 6  F
 5.207 104  F  5.207 104  200  0.104 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-79 AAB =  (12)/4 = 0.7854 in2, IAB =  (14)/64 = 0.04909 in4, IBC = 1.5 (0.253)/12 = 1.953
(103) in4, ACD =  (0.752)/4 = 0.4418 in2, IAB =  (0.754)/64 = 0.01553 in4. For (D )x let
F = Fx =  150 lbf and Fz =  100 lbf . Use the dummy variable x to originate at the end
where the loads are applied on each segment,
M y
CD: M y  Fz x 0
F
Fa
Fa  F 1
F
M y
BC: M y  F x  2 Fz x
F
Fa
Fa  Fz 0
F
M y
AB: M y  5 F  2 Fz  Fz x 5
F
Fa
Fa  F 1
F

  F x  2F  x d x
U  FL  Fa
 D  x
1
5
   
F  AE CD F EI BC
z
0
  5F  2 F
 FL  Fa
 Fz x  5  d x  
1
6
 
EI AB  AE  AB F
z
F  2
 5   Fz  52 
0
1  F
1
30 10 1.953 10   3

0.4418  30 10
3
3 

6 6
F  6
25 F  6   10 Fz  6   z  62  5  6  
1  F 
30 10  0.04909 

 0.7854  30 10
 1
6
2
 1.509 107  F  7.112 104  F  4.267 104  Fz  1.019 104  F

 1.019 104  Fz  2.546 10 7  F  8.135 10 4  F  5.286 10 4  Fz
Substituting F = Fx =  150 lbf and Fz =  100 lbf gives
 D  x  8.135 104   150   5.286 10 4   100   0.1749 in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-80 IOA = IBC =  (1.54)/64 = 0.2485 in4, JOA = JBC = 2 IOA = 0.4970 in4, IAB =  (14)/64 =
0.04909 in4, JAB = 2 IAB = 0.09818 in4, ICD =  (0.754)/64 = 0.01553 in4
Let Fy = F, and use the dummy variable x to originate at the end where the loads are
applied on each segment,
M T
OC: M Fx  x, T  12 F  12
F F
M
DC: M Fx x
F
   M
U  TL  T M
 D  y 
1
 dx
F  JG OC F EI F
The terms involving the torsion and bending moments in OC must be split up because of
the changing second-area moments.

12 F  4  12 F  9 
 D  y  6   6   
1
30 10  0.2485 0
2
 
0.4970 11.5 10 0.09818 11.5 10
12 12 6
F x 2d x
  
1 1 1
30 10  0.04909 2 30 10  0.2485 11 30 10  0.01553 0
11 13 12
 6
F x 2d x  6
F x 2d x  6
F x 2d x
 1.008 104  F  1.148 10 3  F  3.58 10 7  F

 2.994 104  F  3.872 10 5  F  1.2363 10 3  F
 2.824 103  F  2.824 10 3  250  0.706 in Ans.
For the simplified shaft OC,
12 F 13
 B  y  6    
1 1
30 10  0.04909 0 30 10  0.01553 0
13 12
 
0.09818 11.5 10
12 6
F x 2
d x 6
F x 2d x
 1.6580 103  F  4.973 104  F  1.2363 10 3  F  3.392 10 3  F  3.392 10 3  250
 0.848 in Ans.
Simplified is 0.848/0.706 = 1.20 times greater Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-81 Place a fictitious force Q pointing downwards at point B. The reaction at C is
RC = Q + (6/18)100 = Q + 33.33
This is the axial force in member BC. Isolating the beam, we find that the moment is not a
function of Q, and thus does not contribute to the strain energy. Thus, only energy in the
member BC needs to be considered. Let the axial force in BC be F, where
F
F  Q  33.33 1
Q
 0  33.3312
1  6.79 105  in Ans.
U  FL  F 
 Q 0   0.5  / 4  30 10 
B      
Q 0
Q  AE  BC Q  2
 6
______________________________________________________________________________
4-82 IOB = 0.25(23)/12 = 0.1667 in4
AAC =  (0.52)/4 = 0.1963 in2
MO = 0 = 6 RC  11(100)  18 Q

RC = 3Q + 183.3
MA = 0 = 6 RO  5(100)  12 Q  RO = 2Q + 83.33
Bending in OB.
BD: Bending in BD is only due to Q which when set to zero after differentiation
gives no contribution.
AD: Using the variable x as shown in the figure above
M
M  100 x  Q  7  x    7  x 
Q
OA: Using the variable x as shown in the figure above
M
M    2Q  83.33 x  2 x
Q
Axial in AC:
F
F  3Q  183.3 3
Q
M
 U   FL  F   1 M 
B         dx 
 Q Q 0  AE  Q  Q 0  EI Q Q 0
183.3 12 
6    100 x  7  x  d x  0 2 83.33 x dx
1
5
 3 
0.1963  30 10
6
2
EI 0
 1.121103  
 
10.4 106  0.1667  0 0 
 
1
5
100 x 7  x d x  166.7 x dx
6
2
 1.121103   5.768 107  100 129.2   166.7  72    0.0155 in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-83 Table A-5, EA = 71.7 GPa, ES = 207 GPa, EI = 71.7(109)0.012(0.053)/12 = 8962.5 N٠m2
F =  4000 lbf
MO = 0 = 450 FAC + 650F  FAC =  1.444 F
F
FAC AC LAC
 yB 1  F
EA
1.444  4000  1.444  220
207 109   / 4  0.006 2

 0.3135 mm

MA = 0 = – 450 RO + 200F  RO = 0.4444 F
0  x  0.450 m M  0.4444 Fx M / F  0.4444 x
450  x  0.650 m M  F  0.650  x  M / F   0.650  x 
M  0.4444  Fx 2 dx   F  0.65  x  dx 
M
 yB 2  
1 1  0.45
dx 
l 0.65 2
EI0 F EI  0 0.45 
4000   0.4444  
0.453   0.65  x 
1
2
    3.867 mm
3 0.65
8962.5  3 3 0.45

yB = (yB)1 + (yB)2 =  0.3135  3.867 =  4.18 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-84 Table A-5, EA = 71.7 GPa, ES = 207 GPa, EI = 71.7(109)0.012(0.053)/12 = 8962.5 N٠m2
MO = 0 = 450 FCD + 650Q – 150(4000)  FCD = 1333  1.444 Q
F
FCD CD LCD
Q
 yB 1  Q 0
EA
1333  1.444  220
207 109   / 4  0.0062

 0.0724 mm
Fy = 0 = RO – 4000 + 1333 – 1.444 Q + Q  RO = 2667 + 0.444 Q
0  x  0.150 m M   2667  0.444Q  x M / Q  0.444 x
150  x  0.450 m M   2667  0.444Q  x  4000  x  0.150    1333  0.444Q  x  600
M / Q  0.444 x
0.450  x  0.650 m M   0.65  x  Q M / Q   x
M  2667 x  0.444 x  dx    1333 x  600  0.444 x  dx 

M
 yB 2 
1 1  0.15
dx 
l 0.45
EI 0 Q Q 0
EI  0 0.15 
 2667  0.444  0.153  1333  0.444  600  0.444 
 0.453  0.153    0.452  0.152   
1  
  
 EI 3  3 2  
 7.996   8.922 104  m  0.8922 mm

1

8962.5
yB = (yB)1 + (yB)2 =  0.0724 + 0.8922 = 0.820 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-85 Table A-5, EA = 10.4 Mpsi, ES = 30 Mpsi, EI = 10.4(106)0.25(23)/12 = 1.733 (106) lbf٠in3
MO = 0 = 18 FBC + 6F  FBC =  F / 3

FBC
FBC LBC
 y A 1  F
AE
 1/ 3  100 12
2

 / 4  0.52  30 106
 2.264 105  in
Fy = 0 = RO +F + FBC  RO =  2 F / 3
2 2
0  x  6 in M   Fx M / F   x
3 3
1 1
0  x  12in M  FBC x   F x M / F   x
3 3
 y A 2  0 M  2 / 3 Fx 2 dx    1/ 3  F x 2 d x 
M

1 1 
dx 
l 6 2 12 2
EI F 
EI  0 0 
 96   5.540 103  in
F  4 3 1 3 100
 1.733 10 
  6  12  
EI  27 27 6
yA = (yA)1 + (yA)2 =  2.264 (105)  5.540 (103) =  5.56 (103) in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-86 Table A-5, EA = 10.4 Mpsi, ES = 30 Mpsi
MO = 0 =6(FAC +Q)  11(100)
FAC
FAC = 183.3  Q  1
Q
FAC
FAC LAC
Q
 y A 1  Q 0
AE
183.3  112
  3.734 104  in
 / 4  0.5  30 10
2 6
Treating beam OADB as a simply-supported beam pinned at O and A we see that the
force Q does not induce any bending. Thus,
yA = (yA)1 =  3.734 (104) in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-87 Table A-5, EA = 71.7 GPa,

k = P /  = 10 (103)/(103)
= 10 (106) N/m,
EI = 71.7 (109)0.005(0.033)/12
= 806.6 N٠m2
(a) OA: RO = F
M
M = RO x = Fx x
x

 yB 1 
1
M
M
dx 
1
 Fx 2 dx 
300
3  806.6 
 0.2503 103  1.937 mm Ans.
l 0.250
EI 0 F EI 0
M
(b) AB: M Fx x
F
Since AB is the same length as OA, the integration is identical to part (a). Thus
(yB)2 =  1.937 mm Ans.
(c) AC: Eq. (4-15): MO = 0 = 250 FAC + 500 F  FAC =  2F
F
FAC
  y B 3 
U
FAC AC 2 F 2
F     4  300   0.12 mm Ans.
10 106 
2
U 
2k F k k
(d) yB = (yB)1 + (yB)2 + (yB)3 = 2( 1.937)  0.12 =  3.994 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-88 Table A-5, E = 30 Mpsi, G = 11.5 Mpsi. (EI)AB = 30(106) (/64)14 = 1.473 (106)
lbf٠in2, (JG)AB = (/32)14 (11.5)106 = 1.129 (106) lbf٠in2, (EI)BD = 30(106) 0.25
(1.253)/12 = 1.221 (106) lbf٠in2. F = 200 lbf.
M y
(a) AB at xB: M y  500 xB 0 No contribution from F
F
M z
M z   F  300  xB  xB
F
 200  300  63
 1.473 106  0
M z
 y D i    B B
1 1
dxB   
 EI  AB 3 1.473106
Mz F 300 x dx
l AB 6
2
0 F
 4.888 10 3  in
Tx
Tx
Tx
     0.01701 in
LAB 4 200 4 6
 yD ii  F
1.129 106 
4 
 JG  AB
Tx = 4F
F

(yD)1 = (yD)i + (yD)ii =  4.888 (103) +0.01701 = 0.0121 in
(b) BC at xC has no F. Therefore, (yD)2 = 0 Ans.
(c) BD at xD:
200  43 

M x
 y D 3
1
M x  FxD  xD  Fx dxD 
 EI  BD 3 1.221106
4
2
F 0 D
 3.494 103  in Ans.
(d) yD = (yD)1 + (yD)2 + (yD)3 = 0.0121 + 0 + 0.0035 = 0.0156 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-89 Table A-5, E = 207 GPa, G = 79.3 GPa, (EI)AB = 207 (109)(/64) 0.0254 = 3.969 (103) m4,
(JG)AB = (/32) 0.0254 (79.3)109 = 3.041 (103) m4
(a) AB: Bending:
M y
M y  300 xB 0
Q
No contribution from Q.
M z
M z   450  Q  xB  xB
Q
M
M z
 y D i 
1
dxB
l
EI Q
z
0
Q 0

1

 EI  AB
450 xB2 dxB
0.150
450  0.1503 
  1.276 104  m  0.1275 mm
3  3.969  103
Tx
Torsion: Tx  Q  0.1  450  0.125  0.1Q  56.25  0.1
Q
Tx
Tx LAB
56.25  0.1 0.150
 2.775 104  m  0.2775 mm
Q
 yD ii 
3.041 10 

 JG  AB
Q0
3
(yD)1 = (yD)i + (yD)ii = 0.1275  0.2775 =  0.150 mm Ans.
(b) BC: Break at xC has no Q in it. Thus, (yD)2 = 0 Ans.
(c) BD: Axial has no Q. Thus no contribution. Bending only has Q and since Q = 0, no
contribution. Therefore, (yD)3 = 0 Ans.

(d) yD = (yD)1 +(yD)2 +(yD)3 = 0.150 + 0 + 0 =  0.150 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-90 Table A-5, E = 30 Mpsi, G = 11.5 Mpsi. (EI)AB = 30 (106) (/64) 14 = 1.473 (106) lbf٠in2.
M y
(a) AB: Break at xB: M y   Q  500  xB  xB
Q
M y
 z D i  
1
 EI  AB
My dxB
l
0 Q
500  63 
Q0

3 1.473106
 0.0244 in
No contribution of Q to Tx, Mz. Thus,
(zD)1 = (zD)i =  0.0244 in Ans.
(b) BC: Break xC shows no contributions from Q. Thus, (zD)2 = 0 Ans.
(c) BD: Break xD shows no contributions from Q for Mx, My, or Tz. For axial,
F
F Q  1 but setting Q = 0 gives nothing. Thus, (zD)3 = 0 Ans.
Q
(d) zD = (zD)1 =  0.0244 in Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-91 Table A-5, E = 207 GPa, (EI)AB = 207 (109)(/64) 0.0254 = 3.969 (103) m4,
(EA)BD = 207(109) (/4) 0.0252 = 101.6 (106) m2. F =  300 N.

(a) AB: Break at xB shows only contribution to My from F
M y
M y  FxB  xB
F
M y 300  0.1503 
 zD 1  M 
1 1
dx  Fx dxB 
 EI  AB 3  3.969 103
l 0.150
2
EI F
0 y 0 B
 8.50 105  m  0.0850 mm Ans.
(b) BC: Break at xB shows no contribution from F. Thus, (zD)2 = 0 Ans.
(c) BD: Break at xD shows only contribution to axial force from F
Fz
Fz  F 1
F
Fz
Fz

LBD 300 1 0.100
 2.95 107  m   2.95 10 4  mm
 z D 3 
 
 F 
 BD
Ans.
EA 101.6 10 6
(d) zD =  0.0850 + 0  2.95 (104) =  0.0853 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-92 There is no bending in AB. Using the variable, rotating counterclockwise from B
M
M  PR sin   R sin 
P
Fr
Fr  P cos   cos 
P
F
F  P sin   sin 
P
MF
 2 PR sin 2 
P
A  6(4)  24 mm 2 , ro  40  12 (6)  43 mm, ri  40  12 (6)  37 mm,

From Table 3-4, for a rectangular cross section
6
rn   39.92489 mm
ln(43 / 37)
From Eq. (4-33), the eccentricity is e = R  rn =40  39.92489 = 0.07511 mm

From Table A-5, E = 207(103) MPa, G = 79.3(103) MPa
From Table 4-1, C = 1.2

From Eq. (4-38)
1   MF 
  2 
2 F R  F
 
M  M   2 CFr R  Fr 
       d
   
d d d
0 AeE  P  0 AE  P  
2
    0 AE P 0 AG  P 
P  R sin   PR  sin  
2 PR sin 2  2 CPR  cos  
 d   d   d  
2 2 2
d
   
2 2 2
0 AeE 0 AE 0 AE 0 AG
 PR  R EC   (10)(40)  40 (207 103 )(1.2) 
   1  2      1  2  
4 AE  e G  4(24)(207 103 )  0.07511 79.3 103 
  0.0338 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-93 Place a fictitious force Q pointing downwards at point A. Bending in AB is only due to Q
which when set to zero after differentiation gives no contribution. For section BC use the
variable, rotating counterclockwise from B
M
M  PR sin   Q  R  R sin    R 1  sin  
Q
Fr
Fr   P  Q  cos   cos 
Q
F
F   P  Q  sin   sin 
Q
MF   PR sin   QR 1  sin     P  Q  sin 
MF
 PR sin 2    PR sin  1  sin    2QR sin  1  sin  
Q
But after differentiation, we can set Q = 0. Thus,
MF
 PR sin  1  2sin  
Q
A  6(4)  24 mm 2 , ro  40  12 (6)  43 mm, ri  40  12 (6)  37 mm,
From Table 3-4, for a rectangular cross section
6
rn   39.92489 mm
ln(43 / 37)
From Eq. (4-33), the eccentricity is e = R  rn =40  39.92489 = 0.07511 mm

From Table A-5, E = 207(103) MPa, G = 79.3(103) MPa
From Table 4-1, C = 1.2
From Eq. (4-38),

1   MF 
    
M  M  2 F R  F  2 CFr R  Fr 
       d
   
  d   d d 
2 2
0 AeE  Q 0 AE
 Q  0 AE Q 0 AG  Q 
AeE 0 AE 0 AE 0
  sin  1  2 sin   d
PR 2 2 PR 2 2 PR 2
 sin  1  sin  d   sin  d  

CPR 2
 cos 2  d
AG 0
  PR  PR    PR  CPR PR   R  CE 
2
   1     2      1  2 
 4  AeE 4 AE  4  AE 4 AG AE  4  e 4 G 
10  40 
   40  1.2  207 10 
4 79.3 103  
3
     
24  207 103  4  0.07511
 1  2
 
 0.0766 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-94 A = 3(2.25) 2.25(1.5) = 3.375 in2
(1  1.5)(3)(2.25)  (1  0.75  1.125)(1.5)(2.25)
R  2.125 in
3.375
Section is equivalent to the “T” section of Table 3-4,
2.25(0.75)  0.75(2.25)
rn   1.7960 in
2.25ln[(1  0.75) /1]  0.75ln[(1  3) / (1  0.75)]
e  R  rn  2.125  1.7960  0.329 in
For the straight section

I z  (2.25)  33   2.25(3)(1.5  1.125) 2
1
12
  (1.5)  2.25   1.5(2.25)  0.75 

1  2.25  
2
3
 1.125  
12  2  
 2.689 in 4
For 0  x  4 in
M V
M   Fx   x, V F 1
F F
For    /2

Fr F
Fr  F cos   cos  , F  F sin   sin 
F F
M
M  F (4  2.125sin  )  (4  2.125sin  )
F
MF
MF  F (4  2.125sin  ) F sin   2 F (4  2.365sin  ) sin 
F
Use Eqs. (4-31) and (4-24) (with C = 1) for the straight part, and Eq. (4-38) for the
curved part, integrating from 0 to π/2, and double the results
2 1 4 2 (4  2.125sin  ) 2
    Fx dx 
3.375(G / E ) 0
F (4)(1)
 d
 /2
F
E I 0 3.375(0.329)
F sin 2  (2.125)  / 2 2 F (4  2.125sin  ) sin 
 d   d
 /2
0 3.375 0 3.375
 / 2 (1) F cos  (2.125)
 d
2
0 3.375(G / E )
Substitute I = 2.689 in4, F = 6700 lbf, E = 30 (106) psi, G = 11.5 (106) psi
2  6700   43 4 1      
30 10   3  2.689  3.375(11.5 / 30) 3.375(0.329)   2 
 6 
   16    17(1)  4.516   
 4 
2.125    2        
 
2.125
      
 4   3.375 11.5 / 30   4  
4 1 2.125  
3.375  4  3.375  
 0.0226 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-95 Since R/h = 35/4.5 = 7.78 use Eq. (4-38), integrate from 0
to  , and double the results
M
M  FR 1  cos   R 1  cos 
F
Fr
Fr  F sin   sin 
F
F
F  F cos   cos 
F
MF  F 2 Rcos 1  cos 
  MF 
 2 FRcos 1  cos 
F
From Eq. (4-38),

 FR 2
 
FR
  2 (1  cos  ) 2 d  cos 2  d
 
 AeE 0 AE 0
 cos  1  cos   d  
2 FR  1.2 FR  2 
 sin  d 
AE 0 AG 0 
2 FR  3 R 3 E
    0.6 
AE  2 e 2 G
A = 4.5(3) = 13.5 mm2, E = 207 (103) N/mm2, G = 79.3 (103) N/mm2, and from Table 3-4,
h 4.5
rn    34.95173 mm
ro 37.25
ln ln
ri 32.75
and e = R  rn = 35  34.95173 = 0.04827 mm. Thus,
2 F  35   3 35 3 207 
   0.6   0.08583 F
13.5  207 10  2 0.04827 2
3 
79.3 
1
where F is in N. For  = 1 mm, F   11.65 N Ans.
0.08583
Note: The first term in the equation for  dominates and this is from the bending moment.
Try Eq. (4-41), and compare the results.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-96 R/h = 20 > 10 so Eq. (4-41) can be used to

determine deflections. Consider the horizontal
reaction to be applied at B and subject to the
constraint ( B ) H  0.
FR M 
M  (1  cos  )  HR sin    R sin  0  
2 H 2
By symmetry, we may consider only half of the wire form and use twice the strain energy
Eq. (4-41) then becomes,
  M H  Rd  0
U 2  M 
 /2
( B ) H  
H EI 0

 FR 
 2 (1  cos  )  HR sin   (  R sin  ) R d  0
 /2
F F  F 30
  H 0  H    9.55 N Ans.
2 4 4  

The reaction at A is the same where H goes to the left. Substituting H into the moment
equation we get,

 (1  cos  )  2 sin  
FR M R
M   [ (1  cos  )  2sin  ] 0  
2 F 2 2
 
U 2  M  2 FR
P  Rd  [ (1  cos  )  2sin  ]2 R d
2

M
/2
P EI  F  EI 0 4 2
 2  ( 2   2 cos 2   4 sin 2   2 2 cos   4 sin   4 sin  cos  ) d

FR 3
 /2
2 EI 0
FR 3         
 2  2     2    4    2 2  4  2 
2 EI   2  4 4 
(3 2  8  4) FR 3 (3 2  8  4) (30)(403 )
207 103    2 4  / 64 
   0.224 mm Ans.
8 EI 8
______________________________________________________________________________
4-97 The radius is sufficiently large compared to the wire diameter to use Eq. (4-41) for the
curved beam portion. The shear and axial components will be negligible compared to
bending.
Place a fictitious force Q pointing to the left at point A.
M
M  PR sin   Q ( R sin   l )  R sin   l
Q
Note that the strain energy in the straight portion is zero since there is no real force in that
section.
From Eq. (4-41),
 
 A   
1  M 
PR sin   R sin   l Rd
1
Rd  
 /2  /2
M

0 EI  Q   Q 0 EI
0
PR 2
  R sin   l sin   d  EI  4 R  l  
PR 2    1(2.52 )  
30 10    0.125  / 64   4
  (2.5)  2 
 /2
2
EI 0 6 4

 0.0689 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-98 Both the radius and the length are sufficiently large to use Eq. (4-41) for the curved beam
portion and to neglect transverse shear stress for the straight portion.
M AB
Straight portion: M AB  Px x
P
M BC  P  R (1  cos  )  l    R (1  cos  )  l 
M BC
Curved portion:
P
From Eq. (4-41) with the addition of the bending strain energy in the straight portion of
the wire,

A   dx  
1  M AB   /2 1  M BC 
M AB  M BC Rd
l
 
0 EI
 P  0 EI  P 
   R (1  cos  )  l  d
P l 2 PR  /2
 x dx 
2
EI 0 EI 0

Pl PR  / 2 2
 R (1  2 cos   cos 2  )  2 Rl (1  cos  )  l 2 d
3
 
3EI EI 0
 R cos 2    2 R 2  2 Rl  cos   ( R  l ) 2 d

3EI EI 0 
Pl 3 PR  / 2 2
  
R   2 R 2  2 Rl   ( R  l )2 
Pl 3 PR   2  
  
3EI EI  4 2 
  R  R  2 R  2 Rl   R( R  l ) 
P l3  3  2
 2
EI 3 4 2 
 23   2
 3  4 (2.5 )  2.5  2(2.5 )  2(2.5)(2)   2  2.5  2.5  2  
1
30 10    0.125  / 64 
 3 2

6 4
 0.106 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-99 R = 2.5 in, d = 0.125 in, l = 2 in, P = 1 lbf, E = 30 Mpsi.
EI = 30 (106) (/64) 0.1254 = 359.53 lbf٠in2.
M
Member ABC: 0  x  l / 2 M  Qx x
Q
Since Q = 0, there is no contribution.
M
l/2 xl M  Qx  P  x  l / 2  x
Q
M 0   P  x  l / 2  xdx 
 1 M 
 A 1  
1 
dx  
l l
 EI 0 Q  Q  0 EI  l /2 
P  x 3 x 2l  P  l 3   l / 2   l 3  l / 2  l 
l 3 2
         
EI  3 4  l / 2 EI  3  3  4 4 
 
5 1 2
 2.32 103  in
5 Pl 3 3
 
48 EI 48  359.53 
Member CD:

0   M  Q l  R 1  cos     P l / 2  R 1  cos   
M
 l  R 1  cos   
Q 
EI 0 
 A  2  P l / 2  R 1  cos    l  R 1  cos    Rd
1 
 l / 2   3l / 2  R 1  cos    R 2 1  cos    d
PR   2

2
EI 0  
 l / 2   3l / 2  R   3l / 2  R cos   R 2  2 R 2 cos   R 2 cos 2   d

PR  2

EI 0
 1  cos 2

PR   2 
  l / 2   3l / 2  R  R 2   3l / 2  R cos   2 R 2 cos   R 2    d
EI  0
 2 
 
PR  2
EI

l / 2   3l / 2  R   3 / 2  R 2    3l / 2  R  2 R 2  cos   1 / 2  R 2 cos 2 d 
 
0
 1 2.5

 PR 2
EI
l / 2   3l / 2  R   3 / 2  R 2  
 359.53 
 22 / 2   3  2  / 2   2.5    3 / 2  2.52
 0.4123 in
A = (A)1 +(A)2 = 2.32 (103) + 0.4123 = 0.4146 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-100 E = 30 Mpsi, EI = 30 (106) (/64) (0.125)4 = 359.53 lbf٠in2.
M
0  1   / 2 M   P  Q  R cos 1  R cos 1
Q
M
0  2   M  QR cos  2  R cos  2
Q
No contribution in 2 range since Q = 0. Thus
   1  cos 2 d
1 M 1 PR 3
A  Rd1  PR cos 1 Rd1 
 /2  /2  /2
M 2 2
EI Q EI 2 EI
1 1
0 0 0
Q 0
PR 3   sin 21
 /2
  PR 3  1 2.53
       0.0341 in
 
Ans.
2 EI  2 2 0  4 EI 4 359.53
______________________________________________________________________________

Place a fictitious force, Q, at A vertically downward. The only load in the straight section
is the axial force, Q. Since this will be zero, there is no contribution.
In the curved section
M
M  PR sin   QR 1  cos    R 1  cos  
Q
From Eq. (4-41)

  / 2 1  M 
 A V   0 

PR sin   R 1  cos  Rd
1
Rd  
 /2
M
 EI  Q   Q  0 EI
0
  sin   sin  cos   d 

PR 3 PR 3  1  PR 3
 1   
 /2
EI EI  2  2 EI
1 2.53 
0
2  30 106   0.1254  / 64 

  0.0217 in  Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Place a fictitious force, Q, at A vertically downward. The load in the straight section is
the axial force, Q, whereas the bending moment is only a function of P and is not a
function of Q. When setting Q = 0, there is no axial or bending contribution.
In the curved section

M
M  P  R 1  cos    l   QR sin    R sin 
Q
From Eq. (4-41)
  / 2 1  M 
 A V   0 

P  R 1  cos    l    R sin   Rd
1
Rd  
 /2
M
 EI  Q   Q  0 EI
0
  R sin   R sin  cos   l sin   d    R  2l 

PR 2 PR 2  1  PR 2
 /2
  R  l  R   
EI EI  2  2 EI
1 2.52 
0
 2.5  2  2    0.0565 in
2  30 106   0.1254  / 64 

Since the deflection is negative,  is in the opposite direction of Q. Thus the deflection is
  0.0565 in 
Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-103 EI =30(106) (/64)(0.125)4 = 359.53 lbf٠in2.

AB: Only Q and since Q = 0, no contribution to (A)V.
CD:
M
M  QR sin   P  l / 2   R 1  cos    R sin 
Q

M
 A V
1
 Rd

M
EI 0 Q Q 0
EI 0 
P  l / 2   R 1  cos    R sin  Rd
1 

   l / 2  cos   R cos    R / 2  sin 2    l  2R 

PR 2  PR 2

EI 0 EI

1 2.52
 2  2  2.5    0.1217 in  Ans.
359.53 
______________________________________________________________________________
4-104 EI =30(106) (/64)(0.125)4 = 359.53 lbf٠in2.
AB: Only Q. Since Q = 0, no contribution.
BC:
M
M  QR 1  cos    PR sin   R 1  cos  
Q
   PR sin   R 1  cos   d
M
 A V
1 1
 Rd 
 /2  /2
M
EI 0 Q Q0
EI 0
PR 3  1 2  PR 3  1 
 /2
   cos   sin    1  
EI  2 0 EI  2 
3PR 3 3  2.53 
   0.0652 in 
2  359.53
Ans.
2 EI
________________________________________________________________________

4-105 Consider the force of the mass to be F, where F = 9.81(1) = 9.81 N. The load in AB is
tension
FAB
FAB  F 1
F
For the curved section, the radius is sufficiently large to use Eq. (4-41). There is no
bending in section DE. For section BCD, let  be counterclockwise originating at D
M
M  FR sin   R sin  0  
F
Using Eqs. (4-29) and (4-41)
 1  0
 Fl  F 1  M  Fl FR 3
  Rd  sin 2  d
 
 M
AB
 AE  AB F 0 EI  F  AE EI
Fl  FR 3 F  l  R 3  9.81  80   403  
E  A 2 I  207 103     2 2  / 4  2   24  / 64  
       
AE 2 EI
   
 6.067 mm Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-106 AOA = 2(0.25) = 0.5 in2,

IOAB = 0.25(23)/12 = 0.1667 in4,
IAC =  (0.54)/64 = 3.068 (10-3) in4
Applying a force F at point B, using

statics (AC is a two-force member),
the reaction forces at O and C are as
shown.
FOA
OA: Axial FOA  3F 3
F
M OA
Bending M OA  2 Fx  2 x
F
M AB
AB: Bending M AB   F x  x
F
AC: Isolating the upper curved section

M AC
M AC  3FR  sin   cos   1  3R  sin   cos   1
F

 Fx
 Fl  F 1 1
10 20
   4 Fx 2 dx 
 OAB 0  EI OAB

OA 2
dx
 AE OA F EI 0
  sin   cos   1
9 FR 3
 /2
 d
 EI  AC
2
4 F 103  F  203 
0
3F 10 
  3  
0.5 10.4 106 3 10.4 106  0.1667  3 10.4 10 6  0.1667 
9 F 103 
 sin   2sin  cos   2sin   cos 2   2 cos   1 d

 /2
30 10  3.068 10

 6 3
2
 1.731105  F  7.69110 4  F  1.538 10 3  F  0.09778 F   1  2   2  

  
4 4 2
 0.0162 F  0.0162 100   1.62 in Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-107 AOA = 2(0.25) = 0.5 in2,

IOAB = 0.25(23)/12 = 0.1667 in4,
IAC =  (0.54)/64 = 3.068 (10-3) in4
Applying a vertical fictitious force, Q, at
A, from statics the reactions are as
shown. The fictitious force is transmitted
through section OA and member AC.
FOA
OA: FOA  3F  Q 1
Q
M AC
AC: M AC   3F  Q  R sin    3F  Q  R 1  cos    R  sin   cos   1
Q
 Fl   FOA   1   / 2 
     M AC
M AC
     Rd 
 AE OA  Q   EI  AC 0 Q  Q 0
  sin   cos   1
3FlOA 3FR 3
 /2
  d
 AE OA  EI  AC
2
3 100 10 3 100 103

0
  
10.4 10  0.5 30 10  3.068 10   4
    1  2   2    0.462 in Ans.
6 6
4 2
3
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-108 I =  (64)/64 = 63.62 mm4
0 /2

M
M  FR sin   R sin 
F
T
T  FR (1  cos  )  R (1  cos  )
F
According to Castigliano’s theorem, a positive  U/ F will yield a deflection of A in the
negative y direction. Thus the deflection in the positive y direction is
 
U 1 1 
( A ) y     F ( R sin  )2 R d  F [ R (1  cos  )]2 R d 
 /2  /2
F  EI 0 GJ 0

Integrating and substituting J  2 I and G  E /  2 1    
FR3    3 
 
FR 3
( A ) y    (1   )   2    4  8  (3  8)
EI  4  4  4 EI
(250)(80)
 [4  8  (3  8)(0.29)]
3
  12.5 mm Ans.
4(200)103  63.62 
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-109 The force applied to the copper and steel wire assembly is
Fc  Fs  400 lbf (1)
Since the deflections are equal,  c   s
 Fl   Fl 
   
 AE c  AE  s
Fc l Fs l

3( / 4)(0.1019) (17.2)10
2 6
( / 4)(0.1055) 2 (30)10 6
Yields, Fc = 1.6046 Fs. Substituting this into Eq. (1) gives
1.6046 Fs  Fs  2.6046Fs  400  Fs  153.6 lbf

Fc  1.6046 Fs  246.5 lbf
F 246.5
c  c   10 075 psi  10.1 kpsi Ans.
Ac 3( / 4)(0.1019)2
F 153.6
s  s   17 571 psi  17.6 kpsi Ans.
As ( / 4)(0.10552 )
 Fl  153.6(100)(12)
     0.703 in Ans.
 AE  s ( / 4)(0.1055) (30)10
2 6
_____________________________________________________________________________

4-110 (a) Bolt stress  b  0.75(65)  48.8 kpsi Ans.
 
Total bolt force Fb  6 b Ab  6(48.8)   (0.52 )  57.5 kips
4
F 57.43
Cylinder stress c   b   13.9 kpsi Ans.
Ac ( / 4)(5.52  52 )
(b) Force from pressure
 D2  (52 )
P p (500)  9817 lbf  9.82 kip
4 4
Fx = 0
Pb + Pc = 9.82 (1)
Since  c   b ,
Pc l Pb l

( / 4)(5.5  5 ) E 6( / 4)(0.52 ) E
2 2
Pc = 3.5 Pb (2)
Substituting this into Eq. (1)
Pb + 3.5 Pb = 4.5 Pb = 9.82  Pb = 2.182 kip. From Eq. (2), Pc = 7.638 kip
Using the results of (a) above, the total bolt and cylinder stresses are
2.182
 b  48.8   50.7 kpsi Ans.
6( / 4)(0.52 )
7.638
 c  13.9   12.0 kpsi Ans.
( / 4)(5.52  52 )
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-111 Tc + T s = T (1)
Tc l Tl  JG c
c = s   s  Tc 
 JG c  JG s  JG  s s
T (2)
Substitute this into Eq. (1)

 JG c  JG s
T T  T  Ts 
 JG s s s  JG s   JG c
T
The percentage of the total torque carried by the shell is
100  JG  s
% Torque 
 JG s   JG c
Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________

4-112 RO + RB = W (1)
OA = AB
 Fl   Fl 
   
 AE OA  AE  AB
400 RO 600 RB 3
  RO  RB (2)
AE AE 2
Substitute this unto Eq. (1)
3
RB  RB  4  RB  1.6 kN Ans.
2
3
From Eq. (2) RO  1.6  2.4 kN Ans.
2
 Fl  2 400(400)
A      0.0223 mm Ans.
 AE OA 10(60)(71.7)(10 )
3
______________________________________________________________________________
4-113 See figure in Prob. 4-112 solution.
Procedure 1:
1. Let RB be the redundant reaction.
2. Statics. RO + RB = 4 000 N  RO = 4 000  RB (1)
RB  600   RB  4000  400   0

3. Deflection of point B.  B   (2)
AE AE
4. From Eq. (2), AE cancels and RB = 1 600 N Ans.

and from Eq. (1), RO = 4 000  1 600 = 2 400 N Ans.
 Fl  2 400(400)
A     0.0223 mm Ans.
 AE OA 10(60)(71.7)(10 )
3
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-114 (a) Without the right-hand wall, the deflection of point C would be
5 103  8 2 103  5
C  
Fl
 
AE   / 4  0.752 10.4 106  / 4  0.52 10.4 106
 0.01360 in  0.005 in  Hits wall Ans.

(b) Let RC be the reaction of the wall at C acting to the left (). Thus, the deflection of
point C is now
5 103   RC  8  2 103   RC  5
C      
 / 4  0.75 10.4 10  / 4  0.5 10.4 106
2 6 2
4 RC  8 5 
 0.01360   2   0.005
 10.4 10  0.75 0.5 
6  2
or,
0.01360  4.190 10 6  RC  0.005  RC  2 053 lbf  2.05 kip  Ans.
 Fx = 5 000 + RA  2 053 = 0  RA = 2 947 lbf,  RA = 2.95 kip  Ans.
Deflection. AB is 2 947 lbf in tension. Thus
RA  8  2 947  8 
 B   AB    5.13 10 3  in  Ans.
AAB E   / 4  0.752 10.4 106
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-115 Since OA = AB,
TOA (4) TAB (6) 3

  TOA  TAB (1)
JG JG 2
Statics. TOA + TAB = 200 (2)
Substitute Eq. (1) into Eq. (2),

3 5
TAB  TAB  TAB  200  TAB  80 lbf  in Ans.
2 2
3 3
From Eq. (1) TOA  TAB  80  120 lbf  in Ans.
2 2
 TL  80  6  180
A      0.390 0
 JG  AB  / 32  0.5 11.5 10 
4 6
Ans.
16T 16 120 
  0.53 
 max    OA   4890 psi  4.89 kpsi Ans.
d3
16 80 
  0.53 
 AB   3260 psi  3.26 kpsi Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________

4-116 Since OA = AB,
TOA (4) TAB (6)

  TOA  0.2963 TAB
 / 32  0.5 G  / 32  0.754 G
4
(1)
Statics. TOA + TAB = 200 (2)
Substitute Eq. (1) into Eq. (2),
0.2963TAB  TAB  1.2963TAB  200  TAB  154.3 lbf  in Ans.
From Eq. (1) TOA  0.2963TAB  0.2963 154.3  45.7 lbf  in Ans.
154.3  6  180
A   0.1480
 / 32  0.75 11.5 10 
4 6
Ans.
16T 16  45.7 
  0.53 
 max    OA   1862 psi 1.86 kpsi Ans.
d3
16 154.3
  0.753 
 AB   1862 psi 1.86 kpsi Ans.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-117 Procedure 1
1. Arbitrarily, choose RC as a redundant reaction.
2. Statics. Fx = 0,
12(103)  6(103)  RO  RC = 0
RO = 6(103)  RC (1)
3. The deflection of point C.
12(103 )  6(103 )  RC  (20) 6(103 )  RC  (10) R (15)

C     C 0
AE AE AE
4. The deflection equation simplifies to
 45 RC + 60(103) = 0  RC = 1 333 lbf = 1.33 kip Ans.
From Eq. (1), RO = 6(103)  1 333 = 4 667 lbf = 4.67 kip Ans.
FAB = FB + RC = 6 +1.333 = 7.333 kips compression

FAB 7.333
 AB    14.7 kpsi Ans.
A (0.5)(1)
Deflection of A. Since OA is in tension,
Rl 4 667(20)
 A   OA  O OA   0.00622 in Ans.
AE (0.5)(1)(30)106
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-118 Procedure 1
1. Choose RB as redundant reaction.
2. Statics. RC = wl  RB (1)
w l 2  RB  l  a 
1
MC  (2)
2
3. Deflection equation for point B. Superposition of beams 2 and 3 of Table A-9,
RB  l  a  w l  a 
 4l  l  a    l  a 2  6l 2   0
3 2
yB  
3EI 24 EI  
4. Solving for RB.

6l  4l  l  a    l  a  
w  2
RB 
8 l  a  
2


w
8 l  a 
 3l 2  2al  a 2  Ans.
Substituting this into Eqs. (1) and (2) gives
RC  wl  RB 
w
8 l  a 
 5l 2  10al  a 2  Ans.
wl  RB  l  a    l 2  2al  a 2 
1 2 w
MC  Ans.
2 8
_____________________________________________________________________________
4-119 See figure in Prob. 4-118 solution.
Procedure 1
1. Choose RB as redundant reaction.
2. Statics. RC = wl  RB (1)
M C  wl 2  RB  l  a 
1
(2)
2

3. Deflection equation for point B. Let the variable x start at point A and to the right. Using
singularity functions, the bending moment as a function of x is
1 M
M   w x 2  RB x  a  xa
1 1
2 RB

U 1 M
l
yB   M dx
RB EI 0 RB
  w x 2  0  dx    w x 2  RB  x  a    x  a  dx  0
1 1 1  1 
l l
 
EI 0 2 EI a  2 
or,
 w   l 4  a 4    l 3  a 3    B  l  a    a  a    0
1 1 a  R 3 3
2 4 3  3  
Solving for RB gives
 3  l 4  a 4   4a  l 3  a 3   
 8  l  a   3l  2al  a 
w w
RB  Ans.
8l  a  
2 2
3
From Eqs. (1) and (2)
RC  wl  RB 
w
8 l  a 
 5l 2  10al  a 2  Ans.
wl  RB  l  a    l 2  2al  a 2 
1 2 w
MC  Ans.
2 8
______________________________________________________________________________
4-120 Note: When setting up the equations for this problem, no rounding of numbers was made
in the calculations. It turns out that the deflection equation is very sensitive to rounding.
Procedure 2
1. Statics. R1 + R2 = wl (1)
1 2
R2l  M 1 
wl (2)
2
2. Bending moment equation.

1
M  R1 x  w x 2  M 1
2
dy 1 1
EI  R1 x 2  w x3  M 1 x  C1 (3)
dx 2 6
1 1 1
EIy  R1 x3  w x 4  M 1 x 2  C1 x  C2 (4)
6 24 2
EI = 30(106)(0.85) = 25.5(106) lbfin2.

3. Boundary condition 1. At x = 0, y =  R1/k1 =  R1/[1.5(106)]. Substitute into Eq. (4)
with value of EI yields C2 =  17 R1.
Boundary condition 2. At x = 0, dy /dx =  M1/k2 =  M1/[2.5(106)]. Substitute into Eq.

(3) with value of EI yields C1 =  10.2 M1.
Boundary condition 3. At x = l, y =  R2/k3 =  R1/[2.0(106)]. Substitute into Eq. (4)

with value of EI yields
1 3 1 1
12.75 R2  R1l  wl 4  M 1l 2  10.2 M 1l  17 R1 (5)
6 24 2
Equations (1), (2), and (5), written in matrix form with w = 500/12 lbf/in and l = 24 in,
are
 1 1 0   R1   1 
 R2    12  10 
      3
 0 24 1 
 2287 12.75 532.8   M  576 
   1  
Solving, the simultaneous equations yields
R1 = 554.59 lbf, R2 = 445.41.59 lbf, M1 = 1310.1 lbfin Ans.
For the deflection at x = l /2 = 12 in, Eq. (4) gives
1
  12  1310.112 2
1 1 500 4 1
25.5 10   6
y x 12in  6 
554.59 12 3

24 12 2
10.2 1310.112  17  554.59  
 5.51103  in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________

4-121 Cable area, A  (0.52 )  0.1963 in 2
4
Procedure 2

1. Statics. RA + FBE + FDF = 5(103) (1)
3 FDF + FBE = 10(103) (2)

M  RA x  FBE x  16  5000 x  32
1 1
dy 1 1
EI  RA x 2  FBE x  16  2500 x  32  C1 (3)
2 2
dx 2 2
1 1 2500
EIy  RA x 3  FBE x  16  x  32  C1 x  C2 (4)
3 3
6 6 3
3. B.C. 1: At x = 0, y = 0  C2 = 0
B.C. 2: At x = 16 in,
 Fl  FBE (38)
yB       6.453(106 ) FBE
 AE  BE 0.1963(30)10 6
Substituting into Eq. (4) and evaluating at x = 16 in

EIyB  30(106 )(1.2)(6.453)(106 ) FBE  RA 163   C1 (16)
1
6
Simplifying gives 682.7 RA + 232.3 FBE + 16 C1 = 0 (5)
B.C. 2: At x = 48 in,
 Fl  FDF (38)
yD       6.453(106 ) FDF
 AE  DF 0.1963(30)10 6
Substituting into Eq. (4) and evaluating at x = 48 in,
EIyD  232.3FDF 
1
6
  1
RA 483  FBE (48  16)3 
6
2500
3
(48  32)3  48C1
Simplifying gives 18 432 RA + 5 461 FBE + 232.3 FDF + 48 C1 = 3.413(106) (6)
Equations (1), (2), (5) and (6) in matrix form are
 1 1 1 0   RA   5000 
   
 0 1 3 0   FBE   10 000 
  
 682.7 232.3 0 16   FDF   0


 18 432 5 461 232.3 48

C
 1    3.413 10 6
 

Solve simultaneously or use software. The results are
RA =  970.5 lbf, FBE = 3956 lbf, FDF = 2015 lbf, and C1 =  16 020 lbfin2.

3956 2015
 BE   20.2 kpsi,  DF   10.3 kpsi Ans.
0.1963 0.1963
EI = 30(106)(1.2) = 36(106) lbfin2
1  970.5 3 3956 2500 

 
y 6 
 x  x  16  x  32  16 020 x 
3 3
36 10  6 6 3 
  
1
 161.8 x  659.3 x  16  833.3 x  32  16 020 x
3 3 3
36 106
 161.8 163   16 020 16    0.0255 in

1
36 10 
B: x = 16 in, yB  6   Ans.
C: x = 32 in,
1  161.8  323   659.3  32  16 3  16 020  32  
36 10 
yC  6  
 0.0865 in Ans.
D: x = 48 in,
1
 
 161.8 483  659.3  48  16 3  833.3  48  32 3  16 020  48  
 
yD 
36 10 6  
 0.0131 in Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-122 Beam: EI = 207(103)21(103)

= 4.347(109) Nmm2.
Rods: A = ( /4)82 = 50.27 mm2.
Procedure 2
1. Statics.
RC + FBE  FDF = 2 000 (1)
RC + 2FBE = 6 000 (2)
M =  2 000 x + FBE x  75 1 + RC x  150 1

dy 1 1
EI  1000 x 2  FBE x  75  RC x  150  C1 (3)
2 2
dx 2 2
1000 3 1 1
EIy   x  FBE x  75  RC x  150  C1 x  C2 (4)
3 3
3 6 6
3. B.C 1. At x = 75 mm,
FBE  50 
 4.805 106  FBE
 Fl 
yB     
 AE  BE 50.27  
207 10 3
Substituting into Eq. (4) at x = 75 mm,
4.347 109   4.805 10 6  FBE     753   C1  75  C2

1000
3
Simplifying gives
20.89 103  FBE  75C1  C2  140.6 10 6  (5)
B.C 2. At x = 150 mm, y = 0. From Eq. (4),

1000
3
1503   FBE 150  75   C1 150   C2  0
1
6
3
or,
70.31103  FBE  150C1  C2  1.125 109  (6)
B.C 3. At x = 225 mm,
FDF  65 
 6.246 106  FDF
 Fl 
yD    
 AE  DF 50.27  207 10
3
Substituting into Eq. (4) at x = 225 mm,
4.347 109   6.246 106  FDF     2253   FBE  225  75 

1000 1 3
3 6
 RC  225  150   C1  225  C2
1 3
6
Simplifying gives
70.31103  RC  562.5 103  FBE  27.15 103  FDF  225C1  C2  3.797 109  (7)
Equations (1), (2), (5), (6), and (7) in matrix form are

 1 1 1 0 0  2 103  
  RC   
6 10  

 1 2 0 0 0   FBE  
20.89 103 
3
 
 
  
0 0 75 1   F   140.6 106 
   DF  
70.3110 
 1.125 10  
 0 3
0 
150 1 C1    
 
 70.31103  562.5 103  27.15 103  225 1   C2  
9
3.797 10  

  9
Solve simultaneously or use software. The results are
RC =  2378 N, FBE = 4189 N, FDF =  189.2 N Ans.

and C1 = 1.036 (10 ) Nmm , C2 =  7.243 (10 ) Nmm .
7 2 8 3
The bolt stresses are BE = 4189/50.27 = 83.3 MPa, DF =  189/50.27=  3.8 MPa Ans.
The deflections are
 7.243 108   0.167 mm

1
4.347 109  
From Eq. (4) yA   Ans.
For points B and D use the axial deflection equations*.
 Fl  4189  50 
yB       0.0201 mm
50.27  207 103
Ans.
 AE  BE
189  65 
 1.18 10 3  mm
 Fl 
yD    
 
Ans.
 AE  DF 50.27 207 10 3
*Note. The terms in Eq. (4) are quite large, and due to rounding are not very accurate for
calculating the very small deflections, especially for point D.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-123 Everything in Ex. 4-15 is the same except kB = 40 MN/m.
yB =  FB / kB =  FB / 40 (106) =  2.5 (108) FB
Equation (7) is replaced by
EI  2.5 108 FB    0.2   B  0   0.2C1  C2

FA 3 F 3
6 6
With EI = 1.25 (104) N٠m2, the equation reduces to
 1.3333 (103) FA + 3.125 (104) FB + 0.2 C1 + C2

The remaining equations come from Ex. 4-15
 1 1 1 0 0
  FA   0 
3 0   
0 
4 0 0
  FB
 4.7746 10 
 4
0 0 0
  
1   F   18.75
  C  
 1.3333 103  3.125 104  0 0.2 
1  C1   0 
    
 7.1458 10 3  5.625 10 4  6.3662 10 4  0.35   C 
1  2    0 

Solving for the unknowns gives
 FA   2350 N 
 F   5484 N 
 B   
 C 
F  3134 N  Ans.
 C   95.239 N  m 2 
 1  
C2  17.628 N  m3 
Equation (3): 1.25 10 4  y  

2350 3 5484
x  x  0.2  95.239 x  17.628
3
6 6
Which reduces to y =  0.03133 x3 + 0.07312 x  0.23 +7.619 (103) x  1.410 (103)
At x = 0, y = yA =  1.410 (103) m =  1.41 mm Ans.
At x = 0.2 m, y = yB =  0.03133(0.2)3 +7.619(103)0.2  1.410(103)

=  1.37 (104) m =  0.137 mm Ans.
At x = 0.35 m,
y = yC =  0.03133(0.35)3 + 0.07312 (0.35  0.2)3 +7.619(103)0.35  1.410(103)
= 1.60 (104) m =  0.160 mm Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
4-124 (a) The cross section at A does not rotate. Thus, for a single quadrant we have
U
0
M A
The bending moment at an angle  to the x axis is
M
1  cos  
FR
M  MA  1
2 M A
The rotation at A is

U 1 M
 /2
A   M Rd  0
M A EI 0 M A

FR   FR
  M 1  cos    1 Rd  0
1  FR 
 /2
Thus,   MA    0
EI 2   2 2 2
A
0
or,
FR  2 
MA 
1  
2  
Substituting this into the equation for M gives
FR  2
M  cos    (1)
2  
The maximum occurs at B where  =  /2
FR
M max  M B   Ans.

(b) Assume B is supported on a knife edge. The deflection of point D is  U/ F. We will
deal with the quarter-ring segment and multiply the results by 4. From Eq. (1)
M R  2
  cos   
F 2 
Thus,
FR3   2 
 
U 4 M FR 3  2
 /2  /2 2
D   M Rd   cos   d     
F EI F EI    EI  4  
  2  8  Ans.
0 0
FR 3

4 EI
______________________________________________________________________________
4-125
C 2 EI
Pcr 
l2
I
64

 D4  d 4  
64
 D4
1  K 
4
where K 
d
D
C E   D
1  K 4 
2 4

Pcr  2 
l  64 
 
1/4
64 Pcr l 2
  CE 1  K  
D 3 4
 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
D 2 1  K 2  , D 4 1  K 4   D 4 1  K 2 1  K 2  , where K = d / D.
  
4-126 A  I
4 64 64
The radius of gyration, k, is given by

k2 
I D2

A 16
1 K 2 
From Eq. (4-46)
Pcr S y2l 2 S y2l 2
 / 4  D 2 1  K 2  y 4 2 k 2CE y 4 2  D 2 / 16 1  K 2  CE
S  S 
4 S y2l 2 D 2 1  K 2 
4 Pcr   D 1  K S  2 D 2 1  K 2  CE
2 2
y 
4 S y2l 2 1  K 2 
 D 1  K  S y  4 Pcr 
 1  K 2  CE
2 2
 4 S y2l 2 1  K 2  
1/ 2
4 Pcr
  S y 1  K   1  K  CE 1  K  S y 
D 2
 2 2

 
1/2
Pcr S yl 2
  S y 1  K   CE 1  K  
 2 2
 2 2
 Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
0.9
4-127 (a) M A  0, (0.75)(800)  FBO (0.5)  0  FBO  1373 N
0.92  0.52
Using nd = 4, design for Fcr = nd FBO = 4(1373) = 5492 N

l  0.92  0.52  1.03 m, S y  165 MPa
In-plane:
I   bh3 / 12 
1/ 2 1/ 2
k      0.2887 h  0.2887(0.025)  0.007 218 m, C  1.0

 A  bh 
l 1.03
  142.7
k 0.007218
 l   2 (207)(10 ) 
1/ 2
2 9
      157.4
 k 1  165(10 ) 
6
Since (l / k )1  (l / k ) use Johnson formula.

Try 25 mm x 12 mm,

 

 
165 106 
2
 1 
Pcr  0.025(0.012) 165 10  6
 (142.7)  9 
 29.1 kN
  2  1(207)10 
 
This is significantly greater than the design load of 5492 N found earlier. Check out-of-
plane.

Out-of-plane: k  0.2887(0.012)  0.003 464 in, C  1.2
l 1.03
  297.3
k 0.003 464
Since (l / k )1  (l / k ) use Euler equation.
1.2 2  207 109
Pcr  0.025(0.012)  8321 N
297.32
This is greater than the design load of 5492 N found earlier. It is also significantly less
than the in-plane Pcr found earlier, so the out-of-plane condition will dominate. Iterate
the process to find the minimum h that gives Pcr greater than the design load.
With h = 0.010, Pcr = 4815 N (too small)

h = 0.011, Pcr = 6409 N (acceptable)
Use 25 mm x 11 mm. If standard size is preferred, use 25 mm x 12 mm. Ans.
P
(b)  b  
dh

1373
0.012(0.011)
 
 10.4 106 Pa  10.4 MPa
No, bearing stress is not significant. Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-128 (a) M A  0  800  750   FBD  500 

9
9  52
2
FBD  1373 N Ans.
F 1373
(b)     4.99 MPa
A 25 11
Ans.
(c) lBD  0.92  0.52  1.030 m
In plane, Table 4-2  C=1
 bh /12 
3 1/ 2
k  I / A   h / 12  0.025 / 12  0.007 217 m

 bh 
 
l / k = 1.030/0.007 217 = 142.7.
 l   2 CE   2 2 1 207 109  

1/ 2 1/ 2
165 106 
2
Eq. (4-45):         157.4
 k 1  S y   
Since (l / k)1 > l / k, use Johnson formula, Eq. (4-48)

 165 106  
  0.25  0.011 165 10  
  Sy l  1  
2
 
142.7 
1
2
 1 207 10  

Pcr  A  S y   
6
  9 
  2 k  CE    2

 26 720 N  26.72 kN
Pcr 26.72
n   19.5 Ans.
FBD 1.373
(d) Out of plane, Table 4-2, C = 1.2, k = 0.011/ 12 = 3.175 (103) m,
l / k = 1.030/3.175 (103) = 324.4. Since l / k > (l / k)1, use the Euler formula, Eq. (4-44)
 C 2 E  1.2 2  207 109 

Pcr  A    0.025  0.011    6 407 N
  l / k    324.42 
2
Pcr 6 407
n   4.67 Ans.
FBD 1373
______________________________________________________________________________
4-129 Out of plane bending, C =1.2.
 82  4 2 
M A  0  400  1200  FBC 
 8 
 
FBC  1386 N Ans.
k I/A  bh 3
/12  /  bh   h / 12  0.010 / 12  2.887 103  m
l / k = 0.8/[2.887(103)] = 277.1
 l   2 CE   2 2 1.2  207 109  

1/2 1/ 2
200 106 
2
Eq. (4-45):         156.6
 k 1  S y   
Since l / k > (l / k)1, use the Euler formula, Eq. (4-44)
 C 2 E  1.2 2  207 109 

Pcr  A  2 
 0.02  0.01    6 386 N
  l / k    277.12 

Pcr 6 386
n   4.6 Ans.
FBD 1386
______________________________________________________________________________
4-130 This is an open-ended design problem with no one distinct solution.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-131 F = 1500( /4)22 = 4712 lbf. From Table A-20, Sy = 37.5 kpsi
Pcr = nd F = 2.5(4712) = 11 780 lbf
(a) Assume Euler with C = 1
  64 Pcr l 2   64 11790  502 

1/4
P l2
1/ 4
  1 30 10  
I  d 4  cr 2  d  3    3   1.193 in
64 C E   CE 
6
Use d = 1.25 in. The radius of gyration, k = ( I / A)1/2 = d /4 = 0.3125 in

l 50
  160
k 0.3125
 l   2 CE   2 2 (1)30 106  
1/2 1/ 2
 37.5 103  
2
       126  use Euler

 k 1  S y   
  30 10  / 64 1.25
2 6 4
Pcr   14194 lbf

502
Since 14 194 lbf > 11 780 lbf, d = 1.25 in is satisfactory. Ans.
 64 11780 162 
1/4
  1 30 10  
(b) d  3 6
  0.675 in, so use d = 0.750 in
k = 0.750/4 = 0.1875 in
l 16
  85.33 use Johnson
k 0.1875
  37.5 103  
Pcr   0.750  37.5 10   
 
2
 1 
85.33 6
 12 748 lbf
 1 30 10 
2 3
4   2

Use d = 0.75 in.
(c)

14194
n( a )   3.01 Ans.
4 712
12 748
n(b ) 
 2.71 Ans.
4712
______________________________________________________________________________
4-132 From Table A-20, Sy = 180 MPa
4F sin = 2 943
735.8
F
sin 
In range of operation, F is maximum when  = 15
735.8
Fmax   2843 N per bar
sin15o
Pcr = ndFmax = 3.50 (2 843) = 9 951 N
l = 350 mm, h = 30 mm
Try b = 5 mm. Out of plane, k = b / 12 = 5/ 12 = 1.443 mm
l 350
  242.6
k 1.443
 l   2 1.4  207 10  

1/ 2
2 9
180 106 
     178.3  use Euler
 k 1  
C 2 E 1.4 2  207 103
Pcr  A  5(30)  7 290 N
l / k   242.6 
2 2
Too low. Try b = 6 mm. k = 6/ 12 = 1.732 mm

l 350
  202.1
k 1.732
C 2 E 1.4 2  207 103
Pcr  A  6(30)  12 605 N
l / k   202.1
2 2
O.K. Use 25  6 mm bars Ans. The factor of safety is
12 605
n  4.43 Ans.
2843
______________________________________________________________________________
4-133 P = 1 500 + 9 000 = 10 500 lbf Ans.

MA = 10 500 (4.5/2)  9 000 (4.5) +M = 0
M = 16 874 lbfin
e = M / P = 16 874/10 500 = 1.607 in Ans.
From Table A-8, A = 2.160 in2, and I =

2.059 in4. The stresses are determined using
Eq. (4-55)
I 2.059
k2    0.953 in 2
A 2.160
P  ec  10 500  1.607  3 / 2  
c  1  2    1    17157 psi  17.16 kpsi Ans.
A k  2.160  0.953 
______________________________________________________________________________
4-134 This is a design problem which has no single distinct solution.

______________________________________________________________________________
4-135 Loss of potential energy of weight = W (h + )

1
Increase in potential energy of spring = k 2
2
1
W (h + ) = k 2
2
2W 2W
or,  2   h  0 . W = 30 lbf, k = 100 lbf/in, h = 2 in yields
k k
 2  0.6   1.2 = 0
Taking the positive root [see discussion after Eq. (b), Sec. 4-17]
1
 max  0.6  ( 0.6) 2  4(1.2)   1.436 in Ans.
2 
Fmax = k  max = 100 (1.436) = 143.6 lbf Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
1 W1 2
4-136 The drop of weight W1 converts potential energy, W1 h, to kinetic energy v1 .
2 g
Equating these provides the velocity of W1 at impact with W2.
1 W1 2
W1h  v1  v1  2 gh (1)
2 g

Since the collision is inelastic, momentum is conserved. That is, (m1 + m2) v2 = m1 v1,
where v2 is the velocity of W1 + W2 after impact. Thus
W1  W2 W W1 W1
v2  1 v1  v2  v1  2 gh (2)
g g W1  W2 W1  W2
The kinetic and potential energies of W1 + W2 are then converted to potential energy of
the spring. Thus,
1 W1  W2 2
v2  W1  W2    k 2
1
2 g 2
Substituting in Eq. (1) and rearranging results in
W1  W2 W12 h
2 2  2 0 (3)
k W1  W2 k
Solving for the positive root [see discussion after Eq. (b), Sec. 4-17]
1  W1  W2  W1  W2  W12 h 
2
  2  4   8  (4)
2 k  k  W1  W2 k 
 
W1 = 40 N, W2 = 400 N, h = 200 mm, k = 32 kN/m = 32 N/mm.
1   40  400   40  400  402 200 

2
  2    4    8   29.06 mm Ans.
2   32   32  40  400 32 
 
Fmax = k = 32(29.06) = 930 N Ans.

______________________________________________________________________________
1
4-137 The initial potential energy of the k1 spring is Vi = k1a 2 . The movement of the weight
2
W the distance y gives a final potential of Vf = k1  a  y   k 2 y 2 . Equating the two
1 2 1
2 2
energies give
k1a 2  k1  a  y   k 2 y 2
1 1 2 1
2 2 2
Simplifying gives
 k1  k2  y 2  2ak1 y  0

2k1a
This has two roots, y = 0, . Without damping the weight will vibrate between these
k1  k 2
2k1a
two limits. The maximum displacement is thus y max = Ans.
k1  k 2
With W = 5 lbf, k1 = 10 lbf/in, k2 = 20 lbf/in, and a = 0.25 in
2  0.25 10
ymax   0.1667 in Ans.
10  20
______________________________________________________________________________

T T L L: Shigley's MED, 11th Edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 1/96

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T T L L: Shigley's MED, 11th Edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 1/96

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Chapter 4

4-3 (a) For a torsion bar, k =T/ =GJ/l.

Two springs in parallel, with J =di 4/32,

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 1/96

Or, T1  15 103  d14 (2)

Divide Eq. (4) by the first two equations of Eq.(1) results in

Statics, T1 + T2 = 1500 (6)

Substitute in Eqs. (2) and (3), with Eq. (5) gives

15 103  d14  10 103  1.5d1   1500

Solving for d1 and substituting it back into Eq. (5) gives

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 2/96

T1 = 15(103)(0.388 8)4 = 343 lbfin Ans.

 28.2 103  lbf  in

(b) For section 1,

For the tapered section,

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 3/96

2 T r23  r13 2 T  l  r23  r13 2 Tl  r1  r1r2  r2 

(b) The deflections, in degrees, are:

    1.14 deg Ans.

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 4/96

From the weight at the bottom of the cable,

The percentage of total elongation due to the cable’s own weight

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 5/96

The maximum deflection occurs at x= l,

4-9 MC = 0 = F (l /2)  R1 l  R1 = F /2

VAB = R 1 = F /2, MAB = R 1 x = Fx /2

VBC = R 1  F =  R 2 =  F /2, MBC = R 1 x  F ( x  l / 2) = F (l  x) /2

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 6/96

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 7/96

M1 = 465(6)12 = 33.48(103) lbfin

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 8/96

From Table A-9-10, beam 10

3(500)  2(300)  3.72 mm Ans.

24 207 103 16.384 103 

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 9/96

4-15 From Table A-7, I = 2(1.85) = 3.70 in4

3EI 8 EI 3(30)10 (3.70)

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 10/96

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 11/96

Substituting (1) into (2) yields C5 

2bx 2 (2l  b)  b 2  2l  b   2ax 2 (2l  a )  a 2  2l  a  

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 12/96

For region BC, isolate right-hand element of length (l + a  x)

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 13/96

 2.7778 10 6  x  20 x 2  x3  1000 

x l  x  l   x  10   2.7778 103   x  10 

From Prob. 4-20,

 2.7778 10 6  14  x   896 x  9216 

x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

x 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 14/96

4-22 (a) Useful relations

From I = bh 3/12, and b = 10 h, then I = 5 h 4/6, or,

h (in) b (in) b/h k (lbf/in)

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 15/96

(b) I  5.5(0.5)3 / 12  0.05729 in 4

3 102   122  402 

4-24 From the solutions to Prob. 3-80, T1  2880 N and T2  432 N

Shigley’s MED, 11th edition Chapter 4 Solutions, Page 16/96

The slope at A, relative to the z axis is

 1 1 (l 2  a12 )  2  3a2 2  2la2 

 0.0304 rad Ans.