Transformer Terminal

RET 54_
Functional description of Configuration Solution for

Single transformer system without tap changer control

1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Issued: 20.01.2005 Single transformer system without tap changer control
Version: A/20.01.2005

1. About this manual .....................................................................6

1.1. Copyrights .....................................................................................6
1.2. Trademarks ...................................................................................6
1.3. General .........................................................................................6
1.4. Guarantee .....................................................................................6
1.5. Related documents .......................................................................7
1.6. Abbreviations ................................................................................8
1.7. Document revisions .......................................................................8
2. Safety information .....................................................................9
3. Introduction .............................................................................10
3.1. Area of application ......................................................................10
3.2. Features ......................................................................................11
3.2.1. Protection .........................................................................11
3.2.2. Condition monitoring ........................................................11
3.2.3. Control .............................................................................11
3.2.4. Measurement ...................................................................12
3.3. Compatible terminal types ...........................................................12
3.3.1. Current and voltage transformers inputs ..........................12
3.3.2. Binary inputs ....................................................................12
3.3.3. Analog inputs ...................................................................13
3.3.4. Binary outputs ..................................................................13
3.4. Transformer bay ..........................................................................14
4. Display of the transformer terminal ......................................15
4.1. Features ......................................................................................15
4.2. Description of configuration .........................................................16
4.3. Alarms .........................................................................................17
5. Protection ................................................................................19
5.1. Protection program 1 (Prot_1) .....................................................19
5.1.1. Stabilized three-phase differential protection for two
winding transformers 19
5.1.1.1. Features .............................................................19
5.1.1.2. Description of configuration ................................19
5.2. Protection program 2 (Prot_2) .....................................................20
5.2.1. Transformer inrush protection ..........................................20
5.2.1.1. Features .............................................................20
5.2.1.2. Description of configuration ................................20
5.2.2. Non-directional overcurrent protection .............................21
5.2.2.1. Description of configuration ................................21
5.2.3. Non-directional earth-fault protection ...............................22

©Copyright 2005 ABB Oy, Distribution Automation, VAASA, Finland 3

RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

5.2.3.1. Features ............................................................. 22

5.2.3.2. Description of configuration ............................... 22
5.2.4. Negative-phase-sequence protection .............................. 23
5.2.4.1. Features ............................................................. 23
5.2.4.2. Description of configuration ............................... 23
5.2.4.3. Disturbance Recorder ........................................ 25
5.2.5. Features .......................................................................... 25
5.2.5.1. Description of configuration ............................... 25
5.3. Protection program 3 (Prot_3) .................................................... 27
5.3.1. Three-phase thermal overload protection ........................ 27
5.3.1.1. Features ............................................................. 27
5.3.1.2. Description of configuration ............................... 27
5.4. Switchgroups 1 … 9 .................................................................... 28
5.4.1. Switchgroup 1 .................................................................. 28
5.4.2. Switchgroup 2 .................................................................. 28
5.4.3. Switchgroup 3 .................................................................. 28
5.4.4. Switchgroup 4 .................................................................. 29
5.4.5. Switchgroup 5 .................................................................. 29
5.4.6. Switchgroup 6 .................................................................. 29
5.4.7. Switchgroup 7 .................................................................. 30
5.4.8. Switchgroup 8 .................................................................. 30
5.4.9. Switchgroup 9 .................................................................. 30
6. Control ..................................................................................... 31
6.1. Circuit breaker control function ................................................... 31
6.1.1. Features .......................................................................... 31
6.1.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 31
6.2. Control functions for disconnectors ............................................ 32
6.2.1. Features .......................................................................... 32
6.2.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 32
7. Measurement .......................................................................... 35
7.1. Three-phase current measurement ............................................ 35
7.1.1. Features .......................................................................... 35
7.1.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 35
7.2. Residual current measurement ................................................... 36
7.2.1. Features .......................................................................... 36
7.2.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 36
7.3. Phase-to-phase voltage measurement ....................................... 36
7.3.1. Features .......................................................................... 36
7.3.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 37
7.4. Transformer temperature measurements ................................... 38
7.4.1. Features .......................................................................... 38
7.4.2. Description of configuration ............................................. 38

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

7.5. Three-phase power and energy measurement ...........................39

7.5.1. Features ...........................................................................39
7.5.2. Description of configuration .............................................39
8. Condition Monitoring ..............................................................40
8.1. Trip circuit supervision ................................................................40
8.1.1. Features ...........................................................................40
8.1.2. Description of configuration .............................................40
8.2. Circuit breaker wear ....................................................................41
8.2.1. Features ...........................................................................41
8.2.2. Description of configuration .............................................41
8.3. Gas density monitoring ...............................................................41
8.3.1. Features ...........................................................................41
8.3.2. Description of configuration .............................................41
8.4. Alarms in the MIMIC alarm channels ..........................................42
8.4.1. Features ...........................................................................42
8.4.2. Description of configuration .............................................42
8.5. Spring charge supervision ...........................................................43
8.5.1. Features ...........................................................................43
8.5.2. Description of configuration .............................................43

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

1. About this manual

1.1. Copyrights
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not
be construed as a commitment by ABB Oy. ABB Oy assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
In no event shall ABB Oy be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or
consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document,
nor shall ABB Oy be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from use
of any software or hardware described in this document.
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB Oy, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third
party nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Copyright © 2005 ABB Oy
All rights reserved.

1.2. Trademarks
ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Group.
All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.

1.3. General
This manual provides thorough information on the RET 54_ “Single transformer
system without tap changer control” standard configuration.
Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, and caution hazards are
associated with equipment or property damage, it should be understood that
operation of damaged equipment may, under certain operational conditions, result
in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. Therefore,
comply fully with all warning and caution notices.

1.4. Guarantee
Please inquire about the terms of guarantee from your nearest ABB representative.

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

1.5. Related documents

Manuals for RET 54_
• RE_ 5__ Installation Manual 1) 1MRS750526-MUM
• RE_ 54_ Operator’s Manual 1) 1MRS750500-MUM
• Transformer Terminal RET 54_ Technical Reference 1MRS755225
Manual, General1)
• Protection & Control Terminals RET 54_, REF 54_, 1MRS750745-MUM
REM 54_, REC 523 Configuration Guideline 1)
• Technical Descriptions of Functions (CD-ROM) 1MRS750528
• REF 54_ and RET 54_ Modbus Communication Protocol 1MRS755238
Technical Description
• REF 54_, RET 54_ and REX 521 DNP 3.0 Communication 1MRS755260
Protocol Technical Description

Parameter and event lists for RET 54_

• Event List for RET 541 and RET 543 1) 1MRS755226
• Event List for RET 5451) 1MRS755227
• Parameter List for RET 541 and RET 543 1) 1MRS755228
• Parameter List for RET 545 1) 1MRS755229

Manuals for the interface modules

• Technical Description of the RER 103 1) 1MRS750532-MUM
• Technical Description of the RER 123 1) 1MRS751143-MUM
• Bus Connection Module RER 133, Technical Description 1) 1MRS755163

Tool-specific manuals
• CAP 505 Installation and Commissioning Manual 2) 1MRS751273-MEN
• CAP 505 Operator’s Manual 2) 1MRS751709-MUM
• CAP 501 Installation and Commissioning Manual 3) 1MRS751270-MEN
• CAP 501 Operator’s Manual 3) 1MRS751271-MUM
• CAP 505 Protocol Mapping Tool Operator’s Manual2) 1MRS755277
• Relay Configuration Tool, Quick Start Reference 2) 1MRS751275-MEN
• Relay Configuration Tool, Tutorial 2) 1MRS751272-MEN
• Relay Mimic Editor, Configuration Manual 2) 1MRS751274-MEN
• Tools for Relays and Terminals, User’s Guide 1MRS752008-MUM
• LNT 505 Installation and Commissioning Manual 1MRS751705-MUM
• LNT 505 Operator’s Manual 1MRS751706-MUM
1)
Included on the CD-ROM “Technical Descriptions of Functions”, 1MRS750528
2) Included on the CD-ROM “Relay Product Engineering Tools”
3) Included on the CD-ROM “Relay Setting Tools”

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

1.6. Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description
CB Circuit Breaker
CBFP Circuit Breaker Failure Protection
CT Current transformer
DC Disconnector
HMI Human-Machine Interface
HV High Voltage
IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time
LV Low Voltage
OLTC On Load Tap Changer
PO Power Output
POU Program Organization Unit
SO Signal Output
TCS Trip Circuit Supervision
VT Voltage Transformer

1.7. Document revisions

Version Date History

A 20.01.2005 Document created

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

2. Safety information

Dangerous voltages can occur on the connectors, even though the

auxiliary voltage has been disconnected.
National and local electrical safety regulations must always be
followed.
The device contains components which are sensitive to electrostatic
discharge. Unnecessary touching of electronic components must
therefore be avoided.
The frame of the device has to be carefully earthed.
Only a competent electrician is allowed to carry out the electrical
installation.
Non-observance can result in death, personal injury or substantial
property damage.
Breaking the sealing tape on the back panel of the device will result in
loss of warranty and proper operation will no longer be guaranteed.
When the plug-in unit has been detached from the case, do not touch
the inside of the case. The relay case internals may contain high
voltage potential and touching these may cause personal injury.

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

3. Introduction

3.1. Area of application

The functionality of the transformer protection terminal RET 54_, illustrated below,
is designed to be used for three-phase differential, selective short-circuit,
overcurrent, earth-fault, thermal overload and negative phase sequence protection in
power transformer feeders. The configuration covers protection of the power
transformer between current transformers. Furthermore, also the apparatuses of the
high voltage side are covered in the control configuration.

HV-SIDE

Q1
RET/1U

Q0
MF
P1

3
RET/3I

3Id> 87T 3I> 51 0000 0000

3 HV 50

P2 3 49T 3I> 51 3I U
Q3 Q9 HV LV 50
I0
I2> 46 I0> 51N
HV 50N R
2 P Q
RET/RTD TCS
RET/BI
CBFP 62BF
HV 3I U CBCM
p>
o o
CBFP 62BF T0 TW
LV

RET/1U

P2
Q9
3

3
RET/3I

P1

LV-SIDE

RET_singleline
RET_symbollist

Fig. 3.1.-1 Single line diagram and symbol list of the described application

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

3.2. Features

3.2.1. Protection
The three-phase current differential protection is intended to be used for transformer
differential protection with stabilized and instantaneous stages.
The three-phase overcurrent protection functions are intended to be used for single-
phase, two-phase or three-phase overcurrent protection. The two low-set stages can
be set to the IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) characteristic.
The earth-fault protection is intended to be used for non-directional earth-fault
protection. The configuration includes one non-directional earth-fault stage for the
transformer high voltage side and one for the low voltage side.
The three-phase thermal protection function is intended to be used for thermal
overload protection for transformers.
The negative phase sequence protection function is intended to be used for
protection of transformers against thermal stress and damage.

3.2.2. Condition monitoring

The Trip Circuit Supervision, TCS, is based on the constant current injection
principle. If the resistance of the trip circuit exceeds a certain limit, for instance
because of loose contacts or oxidation, or if the OPEN contact is welded, the voltage
over the OPEN contact falls below 20 V DC and the supervision function of the trip
circuit is activated.
The breaker wear is calculated separately for each phase. When the accumulated
breaker operations reach the setting value, the function block issues an alarm signal.
A binary input is used for monitoring the gas pressure of the breaker. When the gas
pressure drops below the permitted limit, the binary signal is activated (active low)
and triggers an alarm signal. The alarm signal cannot be acknowledged until the
breaker poles have been refilled to the correct pressure.
The spring charging control function block monitors the spring charging time
regarding the specified minimum and maximum alarm limits and issues an alarm if
the time is not within the specified limits.

3.2.3. Control
The circuit breaker control function blocks are used for controlling the open and
close states of a circuit breaker. In same way, the disconnector function blocks are
used for controlling the open and close states of a disconnector. The function blocks
also handle the interlocking logics. The open, close and undefined states of an object
can be indicated both remotely and locally.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

3.2.4. Measurement
The measurement function blocks are used to measure the three-phase currents, the
three-phase voltages, the neutral current and the three-phase power and energy
measurements.
The transient disturbance recorder is used to record the current and voltage
waveforms, the status data of the internal logic signals, based on the
IEC 61131-3 standard, and the binary inputs connected to the relay terminals.
The maximum number of analog inputs is 16 and the maximum number of logic
signals is likewise 16.

3.3. Compatible terminal types

This configuration can be used with the Basic and Multi versions of the following
RET transformer terminal types:
• RET543A_244AAAA
• RET543A_244BAAA
• RET543A_244CAAA
• RET543A_244AAAB
• RET543A_244BAAB
Note! If this configuration is to be used with any other RET transformer terminal
type, the hardware part of the configuration has to be changed.

3.3.1. Current and voltage transformers inputs

The transformer terminal measures the analog signals needed for the protection and
measuring functions via galvanically separated matching transformers. The
RET543A_244_AA_ transformer terminal includes 9 matching transformers: CT1,
CT2, CT3, CT4, CT5, CT6, CT7, VT1 and VT2.
• Channels 2, 3, 4 (CT1, CT2 and CT3) are used for the LV side phase currents.
• Channels 7, 8, 9 (CT5, CT6 and CT7) are used for the HV side phase currents.
• Channel 5 is used for the HV side residual current, Io.
• Channel 6 (VT1) is used for the LV side phase-to-phase voltage, U12b.
• Channel 10 (VT2) is used for the HV side phase-to-phase voltage, U12.

3.3.2. Binary inputs

The inputs are programmed as binary inputs. The binary inputs of the RET543
transformer terminals are voltage-controlled and optically isolated.
Table 3.3.2-1 Binary inputs
Input Terminal Used for
PS1_4_BI1 X4.2 1-2 Low voltage side free
PS1_4_BI2 X4.2 4-5 CB Q0 gas pressure OK
PS1_4_BI3 X4.2 6-7 CB Q0 spring charged
BIO1_5_BI1 X5.1 1-2 DC Q1 open
BIO1_5_BI2 X5.1 3-2 DC Q1 close
BIO1_5_BI3 X5.1 4-5 CB Q0 open

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

Table 3.3.2-1 Binary inputs (Continued)

Input Terminal Used for
BIO1_5_BI4 X5.1 6-5 CB Q0 close
BIO1_5_BI5 X5.1 7-8 DC Q3 open
BIO1_5_BI6 X5.1 9-8 DC Q3 close
BIO1_5_BI7 X5.1 10-11 DC Q9 open
BIO1_5_BI8 X5.1 12-11 DC Q9 close
BIO1_5_BI9 X5.1 13-14 BS_A, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI10 X5.1 15-16 BS_B, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI11 X5.1 17-18 BS_C, blocking signal
BIO1_5_BI12 X5.2 1-2 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI1 X7.1 1-2 Gas relay (Buchholtz) tripped
BIO2_7_BI2 X7.1 3-2 Temperature relay tripped
BIO2_7_BI3 X7.1 4-5 Oil level indication
BIO2_7_BI4 X7.1 6-5 Pressure relay tripped
BIO2_7_BI5 X7.1 7-8 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI6 X7.1 9-8 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI7 X7.1 10-11 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI8 X7.1 12-11 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI9 X7.1 13-14 Not in use
BIO2_7_BI10 X7.1 15-16 Not in use

3.3.3. Analog inputs

The RTD inputs should be set as PT100 inputs, except for RTD1_6_AI1 which
should be set as mA inputs.
Table 3.3.3-1 Analog inputs
Input Terminal Used for
RTD1_6_AI1 X6.1 1-4 On load tap changer position
RTD1_6_AI2 X6.1 4-7 Transformer oil temperature (top)
RTD1_6_AI3 X6.1 8-11 Transformer oil temperature (bottom)
RTD1_6_AI4 X6.1 11-14 Winding temperature
RTD1_6_AI5 X6.1 15-18 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI6 X6.1 18 X6.2 3 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI7 X6.2 4-7 Not in use
RTD1_6_AI8 X6.2 7-10 Not in use

3.3.4. Binary outputs

The outputs of the RET543 transformer terminal are categorized as power outputs
(PO) and signal outputs (SO). The power outputs can be used for tripping and for
circuit breaker and disconnector control. The signal outputs are either normally open
or normally open / normally closed contacts. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty
outputs, and thus they cannot be used for controlling e.g. circuit breakers. Available
output relays are listed in the following table.
Table 3.3.4-1 Binary outputs
Output Terminal Used for
PS1_4_HSPO1 X4.1 10,11,12,13 TRIP & manual and remote open to HV side
CB Q0
PS1_4_HSPO2 X4.1 15,16,17,18 TRIP to LV side CB Q0

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

Table 3.3.4-1 Binary outputs (Continued)

Output Terminal Used for
PS1_4_HSPO3 X4.1 6,7,8,9 Manual and remote close to HV side CB Q0
PS1_4_HSPO4 X4.2 8,9,10,11 CBFP trip from HV protection
PS1_4_HSPO5 X4.1 12,13,14,15 CBFP trip from LV protection
PS1_4_SO1 X4.2 16-18 Not in use
BIO1_5_SO1 X5.2 3-4 Differential trip alarm
BIO1_5_SO2 X5.2 5-6 Overcurrent trip alarm
BIO1_5_SO3 X5.2 7-8 Earth-fault trip alarm
BIO1_5_SO4 X5.2 10-11 Thermal trip alarm
BIO1_5_SO5 X5.2 13-14 Other protection trip alarm
BIO1_5_SO6 X5.2 16-17 Not in use
BIO2_7_PO1 X7.1 17-18 DC Q1 open
BIO2_7_PO2 X7.2 1-2 DC Q1 close
BIO2_7_PO3 X7.2 3-6 DC Q3 open
BIO2_7_PO4 X7.2 7-10 DC Q3 close
BIO2_7_PO5 X7.2 11-14 DC Q9 open
BIO2_7_PO6 X7.2 15-18 DC Q9 close

3.4. Transformer bay

This configuration is intended for a single operating power transformer. The control
part of the configuration is made for high voltage side circuit breakers and
disconnectors. One of the inputs in RET 543 is reserved for monitoring the gas
pressure of the circuit breaker.
Only the high voltage side circuit breakers and disconnectors are controllable from
the relay, although it is normal practice to connect the trip signal to the low voltage
side circuit breaker.
The open, close and undefined states of the circuit breaker and the truck are
indicated on the relay display.
Bay level interlocking is configured in the transformer terminal. Anyhow, the
suitability of the configuration must be checked before commissioning.

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

4. Display of the transformer terminal

4.1. Features
The front panel of the RET 54_ transformer terminal includes:
• A graphic LCD display, with a resolution of 128 x 160 pixels, consisting of 19
rows divided into two windows: a main window (17 rows) and an assisting
window (2 rows)
• A main window providing detailed information on the MIMIC, objects, events,
measurements, control alarms and parameters of the transformer terminal
• An assisting window for indications/alarms and help messages related to the
transformer terminal
• Three push-buttons for object control
• Eight freely programmable alarm LEDs with different colors depending on to the
configuration (off, green, yellow, red). The LEDs can be configured as blinking/
steady and latched/non-latched.
• An interlocking LED for control and test mode indication
• Three protection indication LEDs
• An HMI push button section with four arrow buttons and buttons for Clear [C]
and Enter [E]
• An optically isolated serial communication port for PC
• Backlight and contrast control
• One freely programmable button [F]
• A control position button (L/R/Logic)
The HMI has two main levels: the user level and the technical level. The user level
is for measurements and monitoring, whereas the technical level is used for terminal
parameterization.

Graphical
LCD display

Main window Assisting window

RET 541
Programmable LEDs
Object control buttons:
Close / Raise
Control test &
Q1

Q0 Open / Lower
Interlocking LED
0.0A

Q4
0POS Select
AVR PAR
AUT ON

Q9 0.0A

Control position button

0 . 0 kW
0 . 0 A Io

Freely programmable
button

Optical PC Protection LED indicators:

connector Left: Ready, IRF, Test mode
Middle: Start, Block
Right: Trip, CBFP
Uaux = 80...265 Vdc/ac Ion = 1/5 A (Io) 1MRS xxxxxx
fn = 50 Hz Un = 100/110 V (U) 98150
In = 1/5 A (I) Uon = 100/110 V (Uo) 9509

Navigation Enter/Return Clear/Cancel

buttons

RETface

Fig. 4.1.-1 Transformer terminal front panel

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

4.2. Description of configuration

Q1

Q0
0 . 0 0 MW
0.0A
Q3
Q9 POS 0

0 . 0 kV
0.0A

RET_mimic_single_notap

Fig. 4.2.-1 MIMIC view of the described application

In the MIMIC view the COCB1 object is used for controlling the CB states. The
object has 4 positions: 10 (open), 01(close), 11(undefined) and 00 (undefined).

symbol_CB

Fig. 4.2.-2 Circuit breaker MIMIC symbols

The objects COIND1 and COIND2 are used for monitoring the states of the truck.
The object has 4 positions: 10 (open), 01(close), 11(undefined) and 00 (undefined).

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

symbol_disconnector

Fig. 4.2.-3 Disconnector MIMIC symbols

The MMIDATA1 is used for indicating the maximum phase current from the
transformer HV side, expressed as a primary value.
The MMIDATA2 is used for indicating the maximum phase current from the
transformer LV side, expressed as a primary value.
The MMIDATA3 is used for indicating the phase-to-phase voltage U12b from the
transformer LV side.
The MMIDATA4 is used for indicating the three-phase active power.
The MMIDATA5 is used for indicating the position of the tap changer.

4.3. Alarms
The function block MMIALAR_ handles the HMI alarm LEDs and forwards the
indications to the HMI alarm view. The activation and the acknowledgement of the
function block are controlled by logic signals. The LED indications can be selected
according to requirements. Alarms can be reset in the Alarm view, by pressing the
C button for a few seconds.

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

RET_LEDs

Fig. 4.3.-1 Alarm channel configuration

Alarm 1
Alarm 1 is used for indicating a trip alarm of the gas relay (Buchholz relay).
Alarm 2
Alarm 2 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer thermal relays.
Alarm 3
Alarm 3 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer oil level relays.
Alarm 4
Alarm 4 is used for indicating trip alarms of the transformer pressure relays.
Alarm 5
Alarm 5 is used for indicating a trip circuit fault of circuit breakers.
Alarm 6
Alarm 6 is used for indicating fault alarms of the circuit breaker.
Alarm 7
Alarm 7 is used for indicating a high temperature alarm from the transformer.
Alarm 8
Alarm 8 is not used.

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1MRS755529 Transformer Terminal RET 54_
Single transformer system without tap changer control

5. Protection
This chapter describes the functions in the protection worksheets (Prot_1, Prot_2
and Prot_3), function by function. The task times for the protection Program
Organization Units (POUs) are as follows:
• (Prot_1) POU, 5 ms
• (Prot_2) POU, 10 ms
• (Prot_3) POU, 40 ms

5.1. Protection program 1 (Prot_1)

5.1.1. Stabilized three-phase differential protection for two winding

transformers

5.1.1.1. Features
The configuration includes the Diff6T three-phase current differential protection
with stabilized and instantaneous stages providing winding short-circuit protection
for two-winding transformers.
• Blocking based on the ratio of the second harmonic and the fundamental
frequency component of the differential current prevents unwanted operations at
transformer inrush currents.
• Blocking based on the ratio of the fifth harmonic and the fundamental component
of the differential current prevents operation in harmless situations of transformer
overexcitation - blocking can be eliminated if the ratio of the fifth harmonic and
the fundamental component increases at dangerously high overvoltages.
• Separately adjustable instantaneous stage based on instantaneous values of
differential currents - instantaneous stage cannot be blocked by the second or the
fifth harmonic restraint.
• The differential and stabilizing currents are calculated for every phase on basis of
the fundamental frequency components of the currents.
• Short operating times at faults occurring in the zone to be protected (internal
faults), even with partially saturated current transformers.

5.1.1.2. Description of configuration

The activation of the BIO1_5_BI9 blocking input for the Diff6T differential
protection stages is connected via switchgroup SWGRP1. To increase the sensitivity
of the stabilized differential function, the tap position information from the tap
changer is connected to the Diff6T function block. It is also connected to the
function block MMIDATA5 in order to be shown in the MIMIC display.
The TRIP commands of every function are collected to this POU and connected to
the output signals PS1_4_HSPO1 and PS1_4_HSPO2 via switchgroups
(SWGRP3…6). You can decide how to connect the TRIP signals between the
transformer HV and LV sides by setting these switchgroups in different ways.

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RET 54_ Transformer Terminal 1MRS755529

Single transformer system without tap changer control

Furthermore, circuit breaker protection commands of every function are collected to

Prot_1. Command signals are connected to the output signals PS1_4_HSPO4 and
PS1_4_HSPO5 via switchgroups (SWGRP7…9).

SWGRP1_1
SWGRP1 Diff6T_1
BIO1_5_BI9 IN1 OUT1 Diff6T
IN2 OUT2 IL1 IL1 TRIP
IN3 OUT3 IL2 IL2 STATUS
IN4 OUT4 IL3 IL3 CBFP Diff6T_CBFP
IN5 OUT5 IL1b IL1b
IN6 OUT6 IL2b IL2b
IN7 OUT7 IL3b IL3b
IN8 OUT8 BS_STAB
GROUP CHKSUM BS_INST
TRIGG
GROUP
TAP_POS
RESET

REAL_TO_SINT
RTD1_6_AI1
MMIDATA5_1
MMIDATA5
SINT_TO_REAL TRUE ON
DATA

Diff_conf

Fig. 5.1.1.2.-1 Configuration of the differential function

5.2. Protection program 2 (Prot_2)

5.2.1. Transformer inrush protection

5.2.1.1. Features
The configuration includes the three-phase transformer inrush detection function
block Inrush3. This function block can be used to double the set start current of an
overcurrent stage in a transformer magnetizing inrush situation.

5.2.1.2. Description of configuration

Inrush3_1
Inrush3
IL1 IL1 START
IL2 IL2 ERR
IL3 IL3
GROUP
RESET

Inrush3

Fig. 5.2.1.2.-1 Transformer inrush current detector function

The three phase currents are connected to the inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3. The Inrush3
function block can double the setting value of each overcurrent function block via
switchgroup 1.

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5.2.2. Non-directional overcurrent protection

5.2.2.1. Features
The three-phase non-directional overcurrent function blocks are designed to be used
for non-directional two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit
protection whenever the DT characteristic or, as concerns NOC3Low and
NOC3LowB, the IDMT characteristic is appropriate.
Suppression of harmonics is possible. The operation of the stage can be based on two
alternative measuring principles: the average value of consecutive instantaneous
peak-to-peak values or the numerically calculated fundamental frequency
component of the short-circuit current. A delayed trip output for the circuit breaker
failure protection (CBFP) function is available.

5.2.2.2. Description of configuration

NOC3Inst_1 NOC3High_1
NOC3Inst NOC3High
IL1 IL1 BSOUT IL1b IL1 BSOUT
IL2 IL2 START NOC3Inst_START IL2b IL2 START NOC3Low_START
IL3 IL3 TRIP NOC3Inst_TRIP IL3b IL3 TRIP NOC3Low_TRIP
BS1 CBFP NOC3Inst_CBFP BS1 CBFP NOC3Low_CBFP
BS2 ERR BS2 ERR
TRIGG TRIGG
GROUP GROUP
DOUBLE DOUBLE
BSREG BSREG
RESET RESET

NOC3Low_1 NOC3LowB_1
NOC3Low NOC3LowB
IL1 IL1 START NOC3High_START IL1b IL1 START NOC3LowB_START
IL2 IL2 TRIP NOC3High_TRIP IL2b IL2 TRIP NOC3LowB_TRIP
IL3 IL3 CBFP NOC3High_CBFP IL3b IL3 CBFP NOC3LowB_CBFP
BS1 ERR BS1
BS2 BS2
TRIGG TRIGG
GROUP GROUP
DOUBLE DOUBLE
BSREG BSREG
RESET RESET

overcurrent_prot

Fig. 5.2.2.2.-1 Overcurrent functions for the HV side (left) and for the LV side
(right)
The configuration includes four three-phase non-directional overcurrent function
blocks: NOC3LowB, NOC3Low, NOC3High and NOC3Inst. Inverse-time
operation is only available to the low-set stages (NOC3Low and NOC3LowB).
The phase currents from the HV side of the transformer are connected to the inputs
of NOC3Inst and NOC3Low. The phase currents from the LV side are connected to
the inputs of NOC3High and NOC3LowB. The activation of the Inrush3 function
block doubles the setting value of the each overcurrent function block.

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All protection trip signals are connected to the high-speed output relay via
switchgroups 3, 4, 5 and 6. In addition, the trip signals are connected to a common
signal output relay for alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection outputs are connected to a common output
relay via switchgroups 7, 8 and 9.
The disturbance recorder can be triggered by the trip and/or start signals of the
protection functions.
All the protection trip signals are transferred to the POU (prot_1) where they are
connected to output relays via a switchgroup.

5.2.3. Non-directional earth-fault protection

5.2.3.1. Features
The non-directional earth-fault protection function blocks are designed for non-
directional earth-fault protection whenever the DT characteristic or, as concerns
NEF1Low, the IDMT characteristic is appropriate.
Suppression of harmonics is possible. The operation of the function block is based
on two alternative measuring principles: the average value of consecutive
instantaneous peak-to-peak values or the numerically calculated fundamental
frequency component of the neutral current. The measuring mode is selected by
means of an HMI parameter or a serial communication parameter. A delayed trip
output for the CBFP function is available.

5.2.3.2. Description of configuration

NEF1High_1
NEF1High
Io Io START NEF1High_START
BS1 TRIP NEF1High_TRIP
BS2 CBFP NEF1High_CBFP
TRIGG ERR
GROUP
BSREG
RESET

NEF1Low_1
NEF1Low
Io Io START NEF1Low_START
BS1 TRIP NEF1Low_TRIP
BS2 CBFP NEF1Low_CBFP
TRIGG ERR
GROUP
BSREG
RESET

nondir_earthfault

Fig. 5.2.3.2.-1 Non-directional earth fault functions

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The configuration includes two non-directional earth-fault protection function

blocks, NEF1Low and NEF1High. Inverse-time operation is only available to the
low-set stage (NEF1Low).
The residual current is connected to the non-directional earth-fault protection
function blocks.
The protection trip signals are connected to the high-speed output relay via
switchgroup 3-6. In addition, the trip signals are connected to a common signal
output relay for alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection outputs are connected to a common output
relay via switchgroup 7-9.
The disturbance recorder can be triggered by the trip signals.
The protection trip signals are transferred to the input of the COCB1 function block
(circuit breaker control). The trip signals are transferred to the inputs of the
MEDREC16 function block (disturbance recorder). There are no other connections
between the POUs.

5.2.4. Negative-phase-sequence protection

5.2.4.1. Features
The function block NPS3Low is designed for negative-phase-sequence protection,
whenever the operating characteristic is appropriate. It is applied for the protection
of transformers against thermal stress and damage.

5.2.4.2. Description of configuration

This configuration includes two separate negative sequence protection functions,
one for the high voltage side and one for the low voltage side. The three phase
currents for the HV side protection are measured from the inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3
and for the LV side protection the currents are measured from the inputs IL1b, IL2b
and IL3b.
The protection trip signal is connected to the high-speed output relay via
switchgroups 4 and 6. In addition, the trip signal is connected to a common signal
output relay for alarm purposes.
The start signal is connected to the disturbance recorder for triggering purposes. The
disturbance recorder can also be triggered by the trip signal.

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NPS3High_1
NPS3High
IL1 IL1 START
IL2 IL2 TRIP NPS3High_TRIP
IL3 IL3 CBFP NPS3High_CBFP
ROT_DIR BLOCK_OUT
BLOCK ERR
GROUP
RESET

NPS3Low_1
NPS3Low
IL1b IL1 START
IL2b IL2 TRIP NPS3Low_TRIP
IL3b IL3 CBFP NPS3Low_CBFP
ROT_DIR BLOCK_OUT
BLOCK ERR
GROUP
RESET

neg_phaseseq

Fig. 5.2.4.2.-1 Negative Phase Sequence protection

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5.2.5. Disturbance Recorder

5.2.5.1. Features
The transient disturbance recorder MEDREC16 can record 16 signal types of the
analog channels of the relay and the status values of the digital input signals
connected to the inputs BI1...BI16. The recordings can be uploaded with a
DR_Collector tool, which converts the data to COMTRADE format.

Main features
• Recording capability of up to 16 current or voltage waveforms and 16 logic
digital signals
• The length of a recording is settable in a range determined by the amount of
memory available and the number of analog inputs used
• The number of recordings depends on the sampling frequency, length of
recordings and number of analog inputs
• The recording can be triggered by one or several of the alternatives listed below:
• triggering on the rising or falling edge of any (or several) of the digital inputs
• triggering on an adjustable level of overcurrent, overvoltage or undervoltage
• manual triggering via HMI
• triggering via serial communication or via a parameter
• periodic triggering
• Adjustable pre-triggering time for pre-fault analysis
• The recorder has three operation modes: saturation, overwrite and extension

5.2.5.2. Description of configuration

The two phase-to-phase voltages and the six phase currents as well as the residual
current are connected to the function block. The disturbance recorder can be
triggered by the start and/or trip signals of the protection functions.

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MEDREC16_1
MEDREC16
IL1 IL1 TRG
IL2 IL2 NUM_RECS
IL3 IL3 ERR

Io Io
Iob
Uo
U1
U2
U3
U12 U12
U23
U31
U12b U12b
IL1b IL1b
IL2b IL2b
IL3b IL3b
Diff6T_TRIP BI1
OR
NOC3Inst_START BI2
NOC3High_START NOC3Inst_TRIP BI3
NOC3High_TRIP BI4
OR
NOC3Low_START BI5
NOC3LowB_START NOC3Low_TRIP BI6
NOC3LowB_TRIP BI7
NEF1High_START BI8
NEF1Low_START BI9
OR
NPS3High_START NEF1High_TRIP BI10
NEF1Low_TRIP BI11
BI12
OR
NPS3High_TRIP BI13
TOL3Dev_START BI14
TOL3Dev_TRIP BI15
OR
Diff6T_CBFP BI16
NOC3Inst_CBFP UINT#65535 BI_USED
NOC3High_CBFP F001V021 EXT_TRIG
NOC3Low_CBFP RESET
NPS3Low_START NOC3LowB_CBFP
NEF1High_CBFP
NEF1Low_CBFP
NPS3Low_TRIP NPS3High_CBFP
NPS3Low_CBFP
TOL3Dev_CBFP

disturbance_rec

Fig. 5.2.5.2.-1 Disturbance recorder

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5.3. Protection program 3 (Prot_3)

5.3.1. Three-phase thermal overload protection

5.3.1.1. Features
The three-phase thermal overload protection function block TOL3Dev is used for
thermal protection of three-phase transformers. It has adjustable percentual
temperature limits for tripping, prior alarm and reclose inhibit. The thermal model
applied uses two time constants and the true RMS current measuring principle.

5.3.1.2. Description of configuration

The three phase currents are connected to the inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3.
The protection trip signal is connected to the high-speed output relay in the (Prot_1)-
worksheet, via switchgroups 3 and 5. In addition, it is connected to a common signal
output relay for alarm purposes.
The start signal is connected to a common signal output relay via switchgroup 5 for
alarm purposes.
The circuit breaker failure protection output is connected to a common output relay
in the (Prot_1)- worksheet via switchgroups 7 and 9.
The disturbance recorder can be triggered from the trip signal.

TOL3Dev_1
TOL3Dev
IL1 IL1 START TOL3Dev_START
IL2 IL2 TRIP TOL3Dev_TRIP
IL3 IL3 CBFP TOL3Dev_CBFP
OR
SENSOR1 BLOCK_OUT BIO1_5_SO4
SENSOR2 TEMP_ROTOR BIO2_7_BI2
Thermal protection
SENS_IV TEMP_STATOR TRIP alarm
TOL3Dev_BLOCK BLOCK COOL_TIME
TRIGG TRIP_TIME
RESET EN_RESTART
SENSERR

thermal

Fig. 5.3.1.2.-1 Transformer thermal protection

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5.4. Switchgroups 1 … 9
Nine switchgroups are used in the protection configuration POU(Prot_1) to provide
flexibility for the user. Below is a detailed description of the switchgroups:

5.4.1. Switchgroup 1
Blocking of stabilized and instantaneous stages of the differential protection
function.
Table 5.4.1-1 Switchgroup 1
Input Description Output Description
IN1 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT1 Blocking of stabilized stage of Diff6T
IN2 BIO1_5_BI9 OUT2 Blocking of instantaneous stage of Diff6T
IN3 Not in use OUT3
IN4 Not in use OUT4
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.2. Switchgroup 2
Blocking of the overcurrent, earth fault, negative phase sequence and thermal
overload protections.
Table 5.4.2-1 Switchgroup 2
Input Description Output Description
IN1 BIO1_5_BI10 OUT1 Blocking of HV overcurrent NOC3Inst
IN2 BIO1_5_BI10 OUT2 Blocking of HV overcurrent NOC3Low
IN3 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT3 Blocking of LV overcurrent NOC3High
IN4 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT4 Blocking of LV overcurrent NOC3LowB
IN5 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT5 Blocking of HV earth fault NEF1High,
NEF1Low
IN6 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT6 Blocking of Negative phase sequence
NPS3High, NPS3Low
IN7 BIO1_5_BI11 OUT7 Blocking of Thermal overload TOL3Dev
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.3. Switchgroup 3
Trip signal selector for the HV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.3-1 Switchgroup 3
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO1 (TRIP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

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5.4.4. Switchgroup 4
Trip signal selector for the HV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.4-1 Switchgroup 4
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from NPS3High OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO1 (TRIP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NPS3Low OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Not in use OUT3
IN4 Not in use OUT4
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.5. Switchgroup 5
Trip signal selector for the LV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.5-1 Switchgroup 5
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO2 (TRIP to LV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

5.4.6. Switchgroup 6
Trip signal selector for the LV side circuit breaker
Table 5.4.6-1 Switchgroup 6
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from NPS3High OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO2 (TRIP to LV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NPS3Low OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Not in use OUT3
IN4 Not in use OUT4
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

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5.4.7. Switchgroup 7
CBFP signal selector to the HV side
Table 5.4.7-1 Switchgroup 7
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO4 (CBFP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

5.4.8. Switchgroup 8
CBFP signal selector to the HV and the LV side.
Table 5.4.8-1 Switchgroup 8
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from NPS3High OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO4 (TRIP to HV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NPS3Low OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NPS3High OUT3 PS1_4_HSPO5 (TRIP to LV side)
IN4 Trip signal from NPS3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Not in use OUT5
IN6 Not in use OUT6
IN7 Not in use OUT7
IN8 Not in use OUT8

5.4.9. Switchgroup 9
CBFP signal selector to the LV side
Table 5.4.9-1 Switchgroup 9
Input Description Output Description
IN1 Trip signal from Diff6T OUT1 PS1_4_HSPO5 (TRIP to LV side)
IN2 Trip signal from NOC3Inst OUT2 Same as above
IN3 Trip signal from NOC3High OUT3 Same as above
IN4 Trip signal from NOC3Low OUT4 Same as above
IN5 Trip signal from NOC3LowB OUT5 Same as above
IN6 Trip signal from NEF1High OUT6 Same as above
IN7 Trip signal from NEF1Low OUT7 Same as above
IN8 Trip signal from TOL3Dev OUT8 Same as above

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

6. Control
This chapter describes the functions in the control (Cont) worksheet, function by
function. The task time for the control POU is 40 ms.
The control functions used in this configuration are circuit breaker and disconnector
control and indication.

6.1. Circuit breaker control function

6.1.1. Features
The COCB1 function block can be used for controlling the open and close states of
a circuit breaker. The function block also takes care of the user-defined interlocking
logics and has guaranteed opening and closing pulse widths and forced open control
operations for protection purposes. The function block can indicate the open, close
and undefined states of an object both remotely and locally. Since the function block
is mainly designed for circuit breakers, it issues specific alarm signals based on the
condition monitoring features.

6.1.2. Description of configuration

COCBDIR_1
COCBDIR
OPEN
COCB1_1
AND OR COCB1
PROTECTIVE_TRIP OPENDIR OOPEN CB_OPEN_REQUEST
PS1_4_BI1 CM_CB_OPEN OPEN OCLOSE PS1_4_HSPO3
PS1_4_BI1IV TRUE OPENENA AOPEN
BIO1_5_BI7 CLOSE ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI7IV CLOSEENA AINACT
BIO1_5_BI3 BINOPEN ACYCLES
BIO1_5_BI4 BINCLOSE RESERVE
OR
BIO1_5_BI3IV IV
BIO1_5_BI4IV BIO1_5_BI3Time TIMOPEN
BIO1_5_BI4Time TIMCLOSE
ACK
BLOCK

CB_control

Fig. 6.1.2.-1 Circuit breaker Q0 control function

The configuration includes a function block, which is used for opening and closing
of a circuit breaker. The function block also incorporates the interlocking logics and
has guaranteed opening and closing pulse widths. The function block can indicate
the open, close and undefined state of a circuit breaker both remotely and locally.
The OPENDIR input is used for activating the time measurement for protection
functions via the variable CM_CB_OPEN. The constant value TRUE is connected to
OPENENA and CLOSEENA inputs to enable opening of the circuit breaker in every
situation.
Circuit breaker open and close status data is connected to the BINOPEN and
BINCLOSE inputs. Validity data of binary inputs, indicating the circuit breaker
position is connected to the IV input.

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The inputs TIMOPEN and TIMCLOSE are used for the time measurements of the
circuit breaker. The latest opening time and closing time are recorded. Additionally,
the function block records the maximum opening and closing times.
The variable CB_OPEN_REQUEST is connected to the OR gate on the POU(Prot_1)
to open the circuit breaker (output HSPO1).

6.2. Control functions for disconnectors

6.2.1. Features
The function block CODC_ can be used for controlling the open and close states of
a disconnector or an earthing switch. The function block also incorporates user-
defined interlocking logics and has guaranteed opening and closing pulse widths.
The function block can indicate the open, close and undefined states of an object
both remotely and locally.

6.2.2. Description of configuration

AND
Disconnector Q1 control
CODC1_1
CODC1
OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO1
OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO2
CLOSE AOPEN
CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI1 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI2 BINCLOSE
OR
BIO1_5_BI1IV IV
BIO1_5_BI2IV ACK
BLOCK

AND

Disconnector Q3 control
PS1_4_BI1
CODC2_1
CODC2
OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO3
OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO4
CLOSE AOPEN
CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI5 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI6 BINCLOSE
OR
BIO1_5_BI5IV IV
BIO1_5_BI6IV ACK
BLOCK

Earthing switch Q9 control

AND CODC3_1
CODC3
OPEN OOPEN BIO2_7_PO1
TRUE OPENENA OCLOSE BIO2_7_PO2
PS1_4_BI1IV CLOSE AOPEN
CLOSEENA ACLOSE
BIO1_5_BI7 BINOPEN RESERVE
BIO1_5_BI8 BINCLOSE
OR
BIO1_5_BI7IV IV
BIO1_5_BI8IV ACK
BLOCK

DC_control

Fig. 6.2.2.-1 Disconnector control functions and interlocking logic

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The configuration includes the function blocks, which are used for opening and
closing of the disconnectors Q1, Q3 and the earthing switch Q9.
Disconnector open and close status data are connected to the BINOPEN and
BINCLOSE inputs. Validity data of binary inputs, indicating the disconnector state
is connected to the IV input. Invalidity state of input is also used to prevent
malfunction of blocking if some input would be e.g. oscillating.
Before the commissioning of this configuration, you must check that the
! bay-oriented interlocking is suitable for the specified application.
Low voltage side free means in here, that there is no voltage present at the primary
circuits or that the primary circuits are not earthed at the low voltage side.

Controlling of circuit breaker Q0:

Open is always enabled.
Close is enabled if:
• The low voltage side is free, and
• the position indication of LV side free is not invalid, and
• the protective trip signal to HV circuit breaker is not active, and
• earthing switch Q9 is open, and
• the position indication of ES Q9 is not invalid.

Controlling of disconnector Q1:

Open is enabled if:
• Circuit breaker Q0 is open. and
• the position indication of CB Q0 is not invalid
Close is enabled if:
• Circuit breaker Q0 is open. and
• the position indication of CB Q0 is not invalid

Controlling of disconnector Q3:

Open is enabled if:
• Circuit breaker Q0 is open, and
• the position indication of CB Q0 is not invalid
Close is enabled if:
• Circuit breaker Q0 is open. and
• the position indication of CB Q0 is not invalid, and
• the low voltage side is free (i.e. no earthing in the LV side),
• and the input of LV side free information is not in invalid state, and
• earthing switch Q9 is open, and
• position indication of ES Q9 is not invalid.

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Controlling of earthing switch Q9:

Open is always enabled. It should be verified that this is suitable for the application
and if this needs any additional interlocking.
Close is enabled if:
• Disconnector Q3 is open, and
• the position indication of DS Q3 is not invalid, and
• the low voltage side is free (i.e. no earthing on the LV side), and
• the input of the LV side free information is not in invalid state.

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7. Measurement
This chapter describes the functions in the measurement (Meas) worksheet, function
by function. The task time for the Measurement POU is 40 ms.
The values measured in this configuration are: HV side three-phase current, LV side
three-phase current, HV side residual current, HV side phase-phase voltage, LV side
phase-phase voltage, three-phase power, transformer oil temperature (top and
bottom), and winding temperature measurement.

7.1. Three-phase current measurement

7.1.1. Features
The three-phase current measurement function block measures the true RMS phase
currents; i.e. harmonics are not suppressed. Actual phase current values are
displayed in amperes and as p.u. values. The function block includes maximum and
minimum current demand supervision with adjustable time intervals. Limit value
monitoring can be used for each phase current with up to four adjustable limits.

7.1.2. Description of configuration

Transformer HV side current MMIDATA1_1

MECU3A_1 MMIDATA1
MECU3A MAX TRUE ON
IL1 IL1 IL1MEAS DATA
IL2 IL2 IL2MEAS
IL3 IL3 IL3MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer LV side current MMIDATA2_1

MECU3B_1 MMIDATA2
MECU3B MAX TRUE ON
IL1b IL1 IL1MEAS DATA
IL2b IL2 IL2MEAS
IL3b IL3 IL3MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

phasecurrent_meas

Fig. 7.1.2.-1 Phase current measurement functions

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The three phase currents from the high voltage side are connected to the inputs IL1,
IL2 and IL3 and those from the low voltage side to the inputs IL1b, IL2b and IL3b.
The maximum values of the phase currents are displayed on the MIMIC view of the
transformer terminal. All three currents measured can be monitored in the
measurement view.

7.2. Residual current measurement

7.2.1. Features
The residual current measurement function measures the true RMS current; i.e.
harmonics are not suppressed. The actual residual current value is displayed in
amperes and as p.u. values. Limit value monitoring can be used with two adjustable
limits.

7.2.2. Description of configuration

MECU1A_1
MECU1A
Io Io IoMEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
ERR

HV_neutral_current

Fig. 7.2.2.-1 Residual current measurement function

The residual current is connected to the input Io. The residual current measured can
be monitored in the measurement view of the transformer terminal.

7.3. Phase-to-phase voltage measurement

7.3.1. Features
The phase-to-phase voltage measurement function measures the true RMS phase-to-
earth or phase-to-phase voltages. Actual voltage values are displayed in volts and as
p.u. values. Limit value monitoring can be used for each voltage with up to four
adjustable limits.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

7.3.2. Description of configuration

MMIDATA3_1
MEVO3B_1 MMIDATA3
MEVO3B TRUE ON
U12b UL1_U12 UL1_U12MEAS DATA
UL2_U23 UL2_U23MEAS
UL3_U31 UL3_U31MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

LV_primary_voltage

Fig. 7.3.2.-1 Phase-to-phase voltage measurement from the LV side

The three phase-to-phase voltage U12b is connected to the UL1_U12 input of the
MEVO3B function. The voltage UL1_U12 is displayed in the MIMIC view of the
transformer terminal. This is the voltage measured from the low voltage side.

MEVO3A_1
MEVO3A
U12 UL1_U12 UL1_U12MEAS
UL2_U23 UL2_U23MEAS
UL3_U31 UL3_U31MEAS
RESET HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

HV_primary_voltage

Fig. 7.3.2.-2 Phase-to-phase voltage measurement from the HV side

The three phase-to-phase voltage U12 is connected to the UL1_U12 input of the
MEVO3A function. This is the voltage measured from the high voltage side.

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7.4. Transformer temperature measurements

7.4.1. Features
Supervision based on temperature measurement is used for condition monitoring of
the transformer oil and winding. It is configured by using the three general
measurement inputs of the RTD module.

7.4.2. Description of configuration

Transformer oil temperature measuring (top)

MEAI2_1
MEAI2
SysAI MeasOut
RTD1_6_AI2 RawAI HighWarning
RTD1_6_AI2IV IV HighAlarm
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer oil temperature measuring (bottom)

MEAI3_1 Transformer temperature alarm
MEAI3 MMIALAR7_1
SysAI MeasOut OR MMIALAR7
RTD1_6_AI3 RawAI HighWarning ON AALARM
RTD1_6_AI3IV IV HighAlarm ACK
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

Transformer winding temperature measuring

MEAI4_1
MEAI4
SysAI MeasOut
RTD1_6_AI4 RawAI HighWarning
RTD1_6_AI4IV IV HighAlarm
RESET LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

temperature_meas

Fig. 7.4.2.-1 Transformer temperature measurement functions

The three temperature sensor inputs are connected to the RawAI inputs of the
function block.
The HighAlarm signal is used to obtain the condition-monitoring alarm of the oil
and winding temperatures. This alarm is connected to alarm channel 7 in the MIMIC
via the MMIALAR7 function block.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

7.5. Three-phase power and energy measurement

7.5.1. Features
The three-phase power and energy measurement function measures the following
parameters:
• Fundamental frequency active power [kW]
• Fundamental frequency reactive power [kvar]
• Fundamental frequency displacement power factor cos(φ)
• Power factor PF including harmonics
• Fundamental frequency active energy [kWh]
• Fundamental frequency reactive energy [kvarh]
• Demand supervision with adjustable time intervals for three-phase active and
reactive power
• Maximum and minimum demand supervision with adjustable time intervals for
three-phase active and reactive power
• Threshold supervision of three-phase active and reactive power using the
integration method with zero value detection or the absolute threshold method
• Limit value monitoring of three-phase active and reactive power with up to four
adjustable limits
• Three-phase active and reactive energy measurement, including measurement of
reverse energy

7.5.2. Description of configuration

MMIDATA4_1
MEPE7_1 MMIDATA4
MEPE7 DIV TRUE ON
RESET P3 DATA
Q3 1000.0
DPF
HighWarning
HighAlarm
LowWarning
LowAlarm
ERR

MEPE7_function

Fig. 7.5.2.-1 Power and energy measuring function

The active power is displayed in the MIMIC view of the transformer terminal. The
active power is presented as kW in the output of the MEPE7 function block,
therefore it is divided by the constant 1000 in order to display MW in the MIMIC
view.
All values measured can be monitored in the measurement view of the transformer
terminal.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

8. Condition Monitoring
This chapter describes the functions in the condition monitoring (CondMon)
worksheets, function by function. The task time for the condition monitoring POU
is 100 ms.
The condition monitoring functions used in this configuration are two different trip
circuit supervisions, circuit breaker wear, gas density monitoring and spring charge
supervision.

8.1. Trip circuit supervision

8.1.1. Features
The trip coil control and measuring circuits are continuously supervised regarding
interruptions. In case of an interruption, an alarm is issued. The function block does
not perform the supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration. The
functional part belongs mainly to the self-supervision tasks of the PS_ card.
If the interrupted trip circuit alarm is unwanted under controlled circumstances, a
free binary input can be used to indicate an open truck. This binary input shall then
be connected to the BS input of the CMTCS function block. This procedure requires
the configuration to be modified.

8.1.2. Description of configuration

HV Trip circuit supervision

CMTCS1_1
CMTCS1
PS1_4_TCS1 TCSSTATE ALARM
BS

LV Trip circuit supervision

CMTCS2_1 OR
CMTCS2
PS1_4_TCS2 TCSSTATE ALARM
BS

TCS

Fig. 8.1.2.-1 Trip circuit supervision functions

The output relay PS1_4_HSPO1 includes the trip circuit supervision function.
Alarm for trip circuit supervision is connected to one of the HMI alarm LEDs.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

8.2. Circuit breaker wear

8.2.1. Features
The calculation of the electrical wear of the circuit breaker is based on the current in
each phase prior to opening. The breaker wear is calculated separately for each
phase. When the accumulated breaker wear has reached the setting value, the
function block issues an alarm signal.

8.2.2. Description of configuration

CMBWEAR1_1
CMBWEAR
CM_CB_OPEN OPEN ALARM CBWEAR_ALARM
BIO1_5_BI3 BINOPEN
BIO1_5_BI4 BINCLOSE
IL1 IL1
IL2 IL2
IL3 IL3
ACK

CMBWEAR_function

Fig. 8.2.2.-1 Circuit breaker electric wear measurement function

The protection trips and circuit breaker control open signals are connected to the
OPEN input of the function block. The three phase currents are connected to the
inputs IL1, IL2 and IL3. The ALARM output is connected to a common output relay
for condition monitoring alarm purposes.
Note: The CMBWEAR1_1 function is dedicated for the HV side circuit breaker in
this configuration. Furthermore, the function is found in the Prot_1 program because
of the longer task time of the function.

8.3. Gas density monitoring

8.3.1. Features
A binary input can be used for monitoring of the gas pressure. When the gas pressure
drops below the acceptable limit, the binary signal becomes active (active low) and
triggers the alarm signal. The alarm signal cannot be acknowledged before the
breaker poles have been refilled to the correct pressure.

8.3.2. Description of configuration

CMGAS1_1
CMGAS1
PS1_4_BI2 GAS ALARM
F001V011 ACK

gas_monitor

Fig. 8.3.2.-1 Circuit breaker gas pressure monitoring function

A binary input is used for monitoring the gas pressure. When the gas pressure drops
below the permissible limit, the function block issues an alarm signal. The ALARM
output is connected to one of the HMI alarm LEDs.

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8.4. Alarms in the MIMIC alarm channels

8.4.1. Features
Condition monitoring of alarms includes functions to supervise faults and alarms in
primary components like power transformers and circuit breakers. Especially the
primary protective devices of the power transformers are monitored.

8.4.2. Description of configuration

MMIALAR1_1
MMIALAR1
BIO2_7_BI1 ON AALARM
Transformer gas relay(buchholz) tripped
ACK

MMIALAR2_1
MMIALAR2
BIO2_7_BI2 ON AALARM
Transformer thermal relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR3_1
MMIALAR3
BIO2_7_BI3 ON AALARM
Transformer oil level relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR4_1
MMIALAR4
BIO2_7_BI4 ON AALARM
Transformer pressure relay tripped
ACK

MMIALAR5_1
MMIALAR5
ON AALARM
Trip circuit fault
ACK

MMIALAR6_1
MMIALAR6
ON AALARM
Circuit breaker Q0 fault
ACK

OR
BIO1_5_SO5

Primary protective devices TRIP alarm

mimic_alarms

Fig. 8.4.2.-1 Mimic alarm channels

The alarm inputs are connected to MMIALAR function blocks and the collected
realarm of the transformer primary protective functions alarms is connected to a
signal output.

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Single transformer system without tap changer control

8.5. Spring charge supervision

8.5.1. Features
The rising edge of the START signal triggers the charging process and activates the
MOTORON output. The charging time can be either fixed or dynamic, depending
on the configuration mode. If the charging time is zero, the START signal is only
used as a reference for charging time measurements and the MOTORON output is
not activated. The spring charging time is the time period from the moment of
energizing of the motor until the moment when the proximity switch
(BINCHARGE) indicates a charged spring. The spring charging time measurement
begins only after the START signal is issued. The time measurement accuracy is
based on the cyclic execution interval of the function block. The function block
expects a constant output relay delay and compensates it from the measured value.
(Compensation parameter 10 ms). The function block monitors the specified
minimum and maximum alarm limits of the spring charging time and gives an alarm
if the time is not within the specified limits. Setting the specific alarm limits to zero
can disable the alarm functions. However, the deactivation of alarms does not block
the spring charging measurements.

8.5.2. Description of configuration

CMSPRC1_1
NOT CMSPRC1
PS1_4_BI3 START MOTORON OR
BINCHARGE AMAX
F001V011 ACK AMIN

Fig. 8.5.2.-1 Circuit breaker spring charging monitoring function

Both ALARM outputs are connected via the OR gate to one of the HMI alarm LEDs.
The function block can be reset by pressing the C and E buttons (see Operator’s
manual for further information).

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 1MRS755529 EN 01.2005

ABB Oy
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa
FINLAND
Tel. +358 10 22 11
Fax. +358 10 224 1094
www.abb.com/substationautomation