MANISH M SHUKLA (Microsoft Certified Trainer)

C/C++ 109
HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE 35
Data Structure 50
DBMS 54
Common Questions 41
JAVA_____________________________________________________________________30
Computer Network_________________________________________________________33
Microprocessor____________________________________________________________80
Advanced Java & J2EE_______________________________________________________58
Networking_______________________________________________________________ 41
Operating System__________________________________________________________ 18
UNIX Shell________________________________________________________________ 21
C# .NET__________________________________________________________________ 54
ASP.NET_________________________________________________________________ 53

Total 677

C/C++
1. What is encapsulation??
2. What is inheritance?
3. What is Polymorphism??
4. What is constructor or ctor?
5. What is destructor?
6. What is default constructor?
7. What is copy constructor?
8. When are copy constructors called?
9. What is assignment operator?
10. What are all the implicit member functions of the class? Or what are all the functions which
compiler implements for us if we don't define one.??
11.What is conversion constructor?
12.What is conversion operator??
13. What is diff between malloc()/free() and new/delete?
14. What is the diff between "new" and "operator new" ?
15.What is difference between template and macro??
16.What are C++ storage classes?
17. What are storage qualifiers in C++ ?
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18. What is reference ??
19.What is passing by reference?
20.When do use "const" reference arguments in function?
21.When are temporary variables created by C++ compiler?
22.What is virtual function?
23. What is pure virtual function? or what is abstract class?
24.What is Memory alignment??
25.What problem does the namespace feature solve?
26.What is the use of 'using' declaration?
27. What is an Iterator class?
28.What is a dangling pointer?
29.What do you mean by Stack unwinding?
30.Name the operators that cannot be overloaded??
31.What is a container class? What are the types of container classes?
32.What is inline function??
33.What is overloading??
34. What is Overriding?
35.What is "this" pointer?
36. What happens when you make call "delete this;" ??
37.How virtual functions are implemented C++?
38.What is name mangling in C++??
39.What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
40. How are prefix and postfix versions of operator++() differentiated?
41. What is the difference between const char *myPointer and char *const myPointer?
42.How can I handle a constructor that fails?
43.How can I handle a destructor that fails?
44.What is Virtual Destructor?
45. Can you think of a situation where your program would crash without reaching the
breakpoint which you set at the beginning of main()?
46.Name two cases where you MUST use initialization list as opposed to assignment in
constructors.
47.Can you overload a function based only on whether a parameter is a value or a reference?
48. What are the differences between a C++ struct and C++ class?
49. What does extern "C" int func(int *, Foo) accomplish?
50.How do you access the static member of a class?

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51. What is multiple inheritance(virtual inheritance)? What are its advantages and
disadvantages?
52.What are the access privileges in C++? What is the default access level?
53.What is a nested class? Why can it be useful?
54.What is a local class? Why can it be useful?
55. Can a copy constructor accept an object of the same class as parameter, instead of
reference of the object?

56.What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?

57.What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?
58.What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?
59.What is OOPs?
60.What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?
61.What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?
62.What is the difference between constructor and method?
63.What are methods and how are they defined?
64.What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?
65.What is casting?
66.How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?
67.What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?
68.What are different types of access modifiers?
69.When we can declare a method as abstract method ?
70.Can We call a abstract method from a non abstract method ?
71.What is the difference between an Abstract class and Interface ? And can you explain when
you are using an Abstract classes ?
72.What is Operator overloading?
73.What are Templates?
74.What is the difference between run time binding and compile time binding?
75.What is Difference Between C/C++?
76.What will be the output of the following code?
77.Why doesn't the following code give the desired result?
78.Why doesn't the following statement work?
79.How do I know how many elements an array can hold?
80.How do I write code that reads data at memory location specified by segment and offset?
81.Is it possible to have Virtual Constructor? If yes, how? If not, Why not possible ?
82.What about Virtual Destructor?
83.What is Pure Virtual Function? Why and when it is used ?
84.What is problem with Runtime type identification?
85.How Virtual functions call up is maintained?
86.Can inline functions have a recursion?
87.How do you link a C++ program to C functions?

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88.Explain the scope resolution operator?
89.How many ways are there to initialize an int with a constant?
90.What is your reaction to this line of code?
91.What is the difference between a copy constructor and an overloaded assignment operator?
92.When should you use multiple inheritance?
93.What is a virtual destructor?
94.Can a constructor throw a exception? How to handle the error when the constructor fails?
95.What are the debugging methods you use when came across a problem?
96.How the compilers arranges the various sections in the executable image?
97.Explain the ISA and HASA class relationships. How would you implement each in a class
design?
98.When is a template a better solution than a base class?
99.What are the differences between a C++ struct and C++ class?
100.How do you know that your class needs a virtual destructor?
101.What is the difference between new/delete and malloc/free?
102.What happens when a function throws an exception that was not specified by an exception
specification for this function?
103.Can you think of a situation where your program would crash without reaching the
breakball, which you set at the beginning of main()?
104.What issue do auto_ptr objects address?
105.Is there any problem with the following: char *a=NULL; char& p = *a;?
106.Why do C++ compilers need name mangling?
107.Is there anything you can do in C++ that you cannot do in C?
108.What is OOPS?
109.What are the concepts of Object Oriented Programming?
110.What is difference between main in c and main in c++?
111.What is difference between declaration of variable in c and declaration of variable?
112.What is extraction operator?
113.What is insertion operator?
114.Explain static variable and function?
115.What is inheritance? Explain different types of inheritance?
116.Explain different kind of visibility mode used in c++?
117.Explain friend function?
118.What is operator overloading?
119.How many arguments we have to pass if we overload unary operator using normal
function?
120.How many arguments we have to pass if we overload binary operator using friend
function?
121.What is virtual function?
122.What is difference between virtual function and pure virtual function?
123.In which order the destruction are called?
124.In inheritance in which order the constructor are called?

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125.What is difference between structure and class?
126.By default the members of a class are in which section?
127.Explain protected visibility mode?
128.What is command line argument?
129.What are the characteristic of P.O.P?
130.What are the characteristic of O.O.P?
131.Explain scope resolution operator?
132.Explain memory management operator?
133.Explain reference variable?
134.What is manipulators?
135.Explain default argument passing in function?
136.What is inline function?
137.What is function prototype?
138.Explain unary operator?
139.Read the following program:
a. public class test {
b. public static void main(String [] args) {
c. int x = 3;
d. int y = 1;
e. if (x = y)
i. System.out.println("Not equal");
f. else
i. System.out.println("Equal");
g. }
h. }
i. What is the result?

HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

1. What is Primary Memory?

2. What is Secondary Memory?
3. What is Intermediate Memory?
4. What is the value of default cache memory available in the computer?
5. Give example of magnetic memory.
6. What is called Optical media disk?
7. What is BRD?
8. What is DVD?
9. How read and write operation occur in optical disk?
10.What is the purpose of compiler?
11.What is the purpose of translator?
12.What is the purpose of pre-processor?
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13.What is called as macro?
14.Difference between Compiler and Interpreter.
15.What is called as Debugging?
16.What is static memory allocation and how it can be done?
17.What is Dynamic memory allocation and how it can be done?
18.What is Bootsector and what it contains?
19.What is called ‘GIGO’?
20.List different hardware generation.
21.Define different software generation.
22.What is Mnemonic?
23.What are different types of Token available in program?
24.List different type of Data Structure.
25.What is LISP?
26.Give certain example which works on Analogue wave.
27.Give certain example which works on Digital wave.
28.What is possible value in Analogue operation?
29.What is possible value in Digital operation?
30.List different number system with its possible value.
31.How to Identify Octal number?
32.How to Identify Hexadecimal number?
33.List different types of Index register used in ‘GPR’.
34.List different types of Common ‘GPR’.
35.List different types of Assemblers.

Data Structure

1. What are some of the applications for the tree data structure?
2. What is the difference between ARRAY and STACK?
3. What is a queue?
4. What is the minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue?
5. Which data structure is used to perform recursion?
6. Which data structure algorithm used in solving the eight Queens problem?
7. In an AVL tree, at what condition the balancing is to be done?
8. What is the bucket size, when the overlapping and collision occur at the same time?

9. There are 8, 15, 13, and 14 nodes in four different trees. Which one of them can form a full
binary tree
10. What is the condition to be checked for the multiplication of two matrices?
11. What is a string?
12. What is use terminating null character?
13. What is an empty string?
14. What are the operations that can be performed on a string?

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15. What is Brute Force algorithm?
16. What are the limitations of arrays?
17. How can you overcome the limitations of arrays?
18. What is a linked list?.
19. What is the difference between an array and a linked list?
20. What is a node?
21. What does node consist of?
22. What is data structure?
23. List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively?
24. If you are using C language to implement the heterogeneous linked list, what pointer type
will you use?
25. What are the methods available in storing sequential files ?
26. In RDBMS, what is the efficient data structure used in the internal storage representation?
27. What is a spanning Tree?
28. Does the minimum spanning tree of a graph give the shortest distance between any 2
specified nodes?
29. Whether Linked List is linear or Non-linear data structure?
30. What is the quickest sorting method to use?
31. How can I search for data in a linked list?
32. What is the heap?
33. What is the easiest sorting method to use?
34. What is the bucket size, when the overlapping and collision occur at same time?
35. In an AVL tree, at what condition the balancing is to be done?
36. Whether Linked List is linear or Non-linear data structure?
37. What is the difference between NULL AND VOID pointer?
38. What is precision?
39. What is impact of signed numbers on the memory?
40. How memory is reserved using a declaration statement ?
41. How many parts are there in a declaration statement?.
42. Is Pointer a variable?
43. What is significance of ” * ” ?
44. Why do we Use a Multidimensional Array?.
45. How do you assign an address to an element of a pointer array ?
46. Run Time Memory Allocation is known as ?
47. What method is used to place a value onto the top of a stack?
48. What method removes the value from the top of a stack?
49. What does isEmpty() member method determines?.
50. What is the relationship between a queue and its underlying array?

DBMS
1. Does View occupy memory? If we delete the base table of existing view, What happens?

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2. HAVING vs WHERE Clause
3. Difference between nested query,sub query and nested query?
4. What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
5. What is difference between Rename and Alias?
6. What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
7. How you will avoid duplicating records in a query?
8. What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
9. What is the difference between a "where" clause and a "having" clause?
10.What is the basic form of a SQL statement to read data out of a table?
11.What structure can you implement for the database to speed up table reads?
12.What are the tradeoffs with having indexes?
13.What is a "join"?
14.What is "normalization"? "Denormalization"? Why do you sometimes want to denormalize?
15.What is a "constraint"?
16.What types of index data structures can you have?
17.What is a "primary key"?
18.What is a "functional dependency"? How does it relate to database table design?
19.What is a "trigger"?
20.Why can a "group by" or "order by" clause be expensive to process?
21.What is "index covering" of a query?
22.What types of join algorithms can you have? What is a SQL view?
23.What is the difference between oracle,sql and sql server ?
24.Difference between Store Procedure and Trigger?
25.What the difference between UNION and UNIONALL?
26.What is the difference between TRUNCATE and DELETE commands?
27.How to find out the database name from SQL*PLUS command prompt?
28. What is diffrence between Co-related sub query and nested sub query?
29.What OPERATOR performs pattern matching?
30. What is cluster.cluster index and non cluster index ?
31.How would you find out the total number of rows in a table?
32.My SQL statement SELECT AVG(SALARY) FROM EMP yields inaccurate results. Why?
33.In the WHERE clause what is BETWEEN and IN?
34.Is BETWEEN inclusive of the range values specified?
35.What do you accomplish by GROUP BY … HAVING clause?
36.Consider the employee table with column PROJECT nullable. How can you get a list of
employees who are not assigned to any project?
37.What is a self join?
38.What is Cursor?
39.What is Collation?
40.What is View?
41.What is Stored Procedure?
42.What is Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
43.What is Identity?
44.Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? How can it be changed?
45.What are different types of Collation Sensitivity?
46.What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? How can it be changed?
47.Name 3 ways to get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?
48.How to get @@ERROR and @@ROWCOUNT at the same time?

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49.What is Replication and Database Mirroring?
50.When do you use SQL Profiler?
51.Define candidate key, alternate key, composite key.
52.When you create a database how is it stored?
53.How to Find Second highest salary from database?
54.Name the aggregate functions used and how they are used?

Common Questions

1. What is difference between C++ and JAVA?

2. In threading every time output is different. Why it happens?
3. Explain (a) Final (b) Finalize (c) Finally
4. Why we use abstract class?
5. What is the difference between static variable and instance variable?
6. At which place does METHOD and LOCAL variable are stored?
7. At which place does INSTANCE variable and class object are stored?
8. What is the difference between abstract and interface?
9. In JAVA is there any Compiler? If it is then name that compiler.
10.What is difference between File and Directory?
11.What is SQL & PL/SQL?
12.What is DBTG?
13.What is MIS? What is its level?
14.What is DSS? Where it is useful?
15.What types of page orientation are available in word?
16.Which computer will work fast?
a. P-1 1MB RAM 40 GB HDD
b. P-2 512 MB RAM 80 GB HDD
c. P-3 256 MB RAM 160 GB HDD
17.What is RAID technology?
18.What is database restore?
19.What is virus?
20.What is hackers and crackers?
21.What is green PC?
22.What is called NIC? Find its purpose.
23.What is cutter?
24.From where does spell checking done?
25.Find purpose of title bar.
26.What is full form of MODEM?
27.What is neon technology?
28.What is VRML?
29.What is difference between XML & HTML?
30.What is digital signature?
31.How to find configuration of our PC?
32.Find the purpose of ALT, CTRL, DEL from key board.
33.What is E-commerce?
34.What is m-commerce?
35.What is main importance of JAVA?

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36.Find steps, purpose and types of mail merge.
37.Find difference between “save”, “save as” and “save as web page”.
38.Find purpose of browsers. List any 5 browsers.
39.What is MALWARE? Find its purpose.
40.Find the list of devices attachable with USB port.
41.List all PC components having FAN inside for cooling.

JAVA

1. Explain robust, portable and security buzzwords of java?

2. Explain type casting? What are the conditions of automatic type conversion?
3. What is an array?
4. Explain primary data types available in java?
5. Why java is an important for internet?
6. Who is the creator of java? What was the previous name of java?
7. Explain concepts of object oriented programming?
8. What is byte code?
9. What is JVM?
10. What is comment? Explain different types of comment in java?
11. What is variable? Explain rules of declaring variable?
12. Explain super keywords in java?
13. Explain final keywords in java?
14. What is garbage collection?
15. Explain this keywords?
16. Explain new keywords?
17. What is package?
18. What is polymorphism?
19. Explain exception handling? What are the different keywords to handle exception in java?
20.What is multithreading?
21. Explain System.out.println( )?
22. What is widening conversion? Explain condition of automatic conversion?
23. What is narrowing conversion?
24. What suffix is used to declare long literal?
25. Floating point literals in java default to in which precision?
26. What is an array? What is syntax to declare array variable in java?
27. Explain bitwise operator?
28. What is dynamic method dispatch?
29. What is interface?
30. What is deadlock?

Computer Network

1. What is the difference between FTP and TFTP?

2. What is proxy ARP?
3. Which protocol DNS uses?
4. What is SLIP?
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5. What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing tables?
7. What is the HELLO protocol used for?
8. What is PING utility?
9. What is the different type of networking/internetworking devices?
10.What is NETBIOS and NETBEUI?
11.What is MAC address?
12.What is difference between baseband and broadband transmission?
13.If you are given the IP address can u tell how many computers can be connected?What do
you look at?
14.What is the difference between physical address and logical address?
15.What is a difference between switch and Hub?
16.What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs ?
17.What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of DHCP?
18.Under what situations a packet can go into infinite loop in a network ?
19.What is ICMP?
20.Difference between bit rate and baud rate?
21.Explain the function of Transmission Control Block
22.What is difference between DIAL-UP INTERNET CONNECTION AND BROADBAND
CONNECTION?
23.What is mean by DNS(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)and what is the purpose of it?
24.What is Bandwidth?
25.What is SAP?
26.What is frame relay, in which layer it comes?
27.What is difference between ARP and RARP?
28.What is attenuation?
29.What is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP
datagram?
30.What is DHCP? What is DNS? What is router? What is different between router and hub ?
What is different between switch and router?
31.What is OSPF?
32.What is pop3?
33.What is CIDR?

Microprocessor
1. What is a Microprocessor?
2. Give examples for 8 / 16 / 32 bit Microprocessor?
3. Why 8085 processor is called an 8 bit processor?
4. What is 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor?
5. Define HCMOS?
6. What does microprocessor speed depend on?
7. Is the address bus unidirectional?
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8. Is the data bus is Bi-directional?
9. What is the disadvantage of microprocessor?
10.What is the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller?
11.What is meant by LATCH?
12.Why does microprocessor contain ROM chips?
13.What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device?
14.Difference between static and dynamic RAM?
15.What is interrupt?
16.What is cache memory?
17.What is called “Scratch pad of computer”?
18.Which transistor is used in each cell of EPROM?
19.Differentiate between RAM and ROM?
20.What is a compiler?
21.Which processor structure is pipelined?
22.What is flag?
23.What is stack?
24.Can ROM be used as stack?
25.What is NV-RAM?
Microprocessor 8085
26.In Synchronous data Transfer type both Transmitter and Receiver will operate in?
27.The term PSW Program Status word refers
28.In 8085 the MAR, or ….. register, latches the address from the program counter. A bit later
the MAR applies this address to the ……, where a read operations performed
29.Interaction between a CPU and a peripheral device that takes place during and input output
operation is known as
30.Addressing in which the instructions contains the address of the data to the operated on is
known as
31.Serial input data of 8085 can be loaded into bit 7 of the accumulator by
32.The address to which a software or hardware restart branches is known as
33.TRAP is …..whereas RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5 are….
34.How many outputs are there in the output of a 10-bit D/A converter?
35.The stack is a specialized temporary …… access memory during ….. and …… instructions
36.What is the direction of address bus ?
37.The length of A – register is ——- bits
38.The length of program counter is ——– bits
39.The length of stack pointer is ——– bits
40.The length of status word is ——- bits
41.The length of temporary register ——- bits
42.The length of Data buffer register ——- bits
43.The No. of flags are ——-
44.The memory word addressing capability is —— K
45.What is the purpose of using ALE signal high?
46.What is the purpose of READY signal?
47.What is the addressing mode used in instruction MOV M, C?
48.In 8085 the hardware interrupts are
49.In the TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5, RST 5.5, which is having top priority
50.In 8085 the no . of software interrupts are
51.Which is the non-vectored interrupt in 8085?
52.In 8085 the Interput Acknowledge is represended by _______
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53.The Instructions used for data transfer in I\o mapped I\O are
54.Number of Address lines required to interface 1KB of memory are
Microprocessor 8086
55.What are the flags in 8086?
56.Why crystal is a preferred clock source?
57.In 8085 which is called as High order / Low order Register?
58.What is Tri-state logic?
59.What happens when HLT instruction is executed in processor?
60.Which Stack is used in 8085?
61.What is Program counter?
62.What are the various registers in 8085?
63.What is 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor?
64.Name the processor lines of two major manufacturers?
65.What’s the speed and device maximum spec for Firewire?
66.Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from?
67.How many bit combinations are there in a byte?
68.Have you studied buses? What types?
69.What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?
70.What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
71.What is Non-Maskable interrupts?
72.What are the different functional units in 8086?
73.What are the various segment registers in 8086?
74.What does EU do?
75.Which Stack is used in 8086? k is used in 8086?
76.What are the flags in 8086?
77.What is SIM and RIM instructions?
78.What is the difference between 8086 and 8088?
79.Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts?
80.Give examples for Micro controller?

Advanced Java & J2EE

1. What is EJB architecture(components)?
2. Can I invoke Runtime.gc() in an EJB?
3. What is the difference between ejbCreate() and ejbPostCreate
4. What is meant by Serialization and Externalization? Serialization is a Marker interface,so
what is the use of WriteObject() anf ReadObject(), Where it is actually used? Give me some
real time examples?
5. Which are features in EJB 2.0 ? and which are features in EJB 3.0?
6. Why an onMessage call in Message-driven bean is always a seperate transaction?
7. How do you check whether the session is active in Stateful session bean
8. What is re-entrant. Is session beans reentrant. Is entity beans reentrant
9. How will you propagate exception thrown inside session bean to JSP or Servlet client.
10.What is CMR?
11.What is the difference between EJB and RMI
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12.What is the difference between sessioncontext and entitycontext?
13.What is ejbdoc? difference between connector,server,container?
14.What is the difference between EAR, JAR and WAR file
15.What is the difference between ejbCreate() and ejbPostCreate()
16.Why does EJB needs two interfaces(Home and Remote Interface)
17.What is the difference between ejbStore() and ejbLoad()?
18.What is the difference between EAR, JAR and WAR file?
19.What are the services provided by container?
20.Why are ejbActivate() and ejb Passivate() included for stateless session bean even though
they are never required as it is nonconversational bean?
21.Is there a way to get the original exception object from inside a nested or wrapped
Exception (for example an EJBException or RemoteException)
22.If my session bean with single method insert record into 2 entity beans, how can I know
that the process is done in same transaction (the attributes for these beans are Required)

23.How Non Java Client access EJB.

24.What is CMR
25.Does Stateful Session bean support instance pooling?
26.How to insert new row and link like Edit and Delete
27.How to implement an entity bean which the PrimaryKey is an autonumeric?
28.Can i map more than one table in a CMP?
29.Is Decorator an EJB design pattern?
30.Can I develop an Entity Bean without implementing the create() method in the home
interface
31.How many EJB Objects are created for a Bean?
32.What is the difference between CMP 1.1 and CMP 2.0?
33.What is Message Driven Bean?
34.What is lazy loading?
35.What is ACID?
36.What is the difference between stateless session and state full session bean? give example?
37.What is re-entrant. Is session beans reentrant. Is entity beans reentrant?
38.What are the various isolation levels in a transaction and differences between them?
39.Can I develop an Entity Bean without implementing the create() method in the home
interface ?
40.Why do you create interfaces, and when MUST you use one?
41.Why Java is not fully object oriented?
42.How to make application thread-safe ?
43.What is Singleton class?
44.How many different types of JDBC drivers are present? Discuss them.
45.Explain Servlet and JSP life cycle
46.Access specifiers: "public", "protected", "private", nothing?
47.What is the disadvantage of threads?
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48.What is the difference between instanceof and isInstance?
49.Explain working of Java Virtual Machine(JVM).
50.How System.out.println() works?
51.How will you pass values from HTML page to the Servlet?
52.Why Java is case sensitive?
53.Can I execute or call one applet from another applet? If so then how???
54.What is package? Define with example?
55.Why we can not override static method?
56.What is the difference between InputStream/Outputstream classes?
57.Are constructors inherited?Can a subclass call the parent's class constructor?When?
58.What is the difference between length and length() ?

Networking
1. Virtual meetings on Internet are called………….
2. LAN can be connected by devices called………..
3. The bit pattern …………… is the preamble of 802.3 frame format.
4. Basic SONET frame is a block of ……………. bytes.
5. The amount of thermal noise is measured by ………………..
6. Explain the Frequency Modulation.
7. What is WAN and where it is used? how it is different from LAN and MAN.
8. Explain single error detecting code with example.
9. What is Flow control? Explain.
10.Explain CSMA/CD Protocol.
11.Describe Multitasking.
12.Describe Service Primitives.
13.Explain briefly PCM and its requirements.
14.What is Concession Control describe i) Load shedding ii) Jitter Control. Under it.
15.What is QoS?
16.Token Bucket Algorithm is employed to prevent congestion. The capacity of the bucket is
250k byes Arriving rate of the token is 2MB/sec. if the maximum output rate is 25MB/sec,
calculate the burst length in time.
17.Describe principles considered in the design of network layer in the internet.
18.Describe Address format used in Internet. [ With figure ]
19.A Network on the Internet has a Subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. What is the maximum No.
of hosts it can handle?
20.What are basic difference between IPV4 and IPV6?
21.Describe Address Resolution Protocol, use diagram if required.
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22.What is the difference between Interior gateway protocol and Exterior gateway protocol.
23.What is the function of ATM adaptation layer.
24.Illustrate the phenomenon of Silly Window Syndrome in TCP.
25.What is delayed duplicate problem?
26.Explain Unicast addresses, Multicast adresses, and broadcast address
27.OSPF areas, the purpose of having each of them
28.Types of OSPF LSA, the purpose of each LSA type
29.What exact LSA type you can see in different areas
30. How OSPF establishes neighboor relation, what the stages are
31. If OSPF router is stucked in each stage what the problem is and how to troubleshoot it
32. OSPF hierarchy in the single or multi areas. Cool OSPF behavior in broadcast and
nonbroadcast
33. Draw the diagram of typical OSPF network and explain generally how it works, DR, BDR,
election, ASBR, ABR, route redistribution and summarization
34. How it works and the purpose
35. Diff types (SSTP, MSTP, RSTP) Cisco - PVST/PVST+ root election
36.Diff. port stages and timing for convergence
37.Draw the typical diagram and explain how diff types of STP work
38.What ports are blocking or forwarding
39.How it works if there are topology changes
40.Draw the typical network diagram you have to deal with. Explain how it works
41. Firewall : what is that, how it works, how it is diff from ACLs.

Operating System
1. What is MUTEX ?
2. What isthe difference between a ‘thread’ and a ‘process’?
3. What is INODE?
4. Explain the working of Virtual Memory.
5. How does Windows NT supports Multitasking?
6. Explain the Unix Kernel.
7. What is Concurrency? Expain with example Deadlock and Starvation.
8. What are your solution strategies for “Dining Philosophers Problem” ?
9. Explain Memory Partitioning, Paging, Segmentation.
10.Explain Scheduling.
11. Operating System Security.
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12.What is Semaphore?
13. Explain the following file systems : NTFS, Macintosh(HPFS), FAT .
14.What are the different process states?
15.What is Marshalling?
16.Define and explain COM?
17.What is Marshalling?
18. Difference - Loading and Linking ?

UNIX Shell
1. There can be multiple Kernels and shells running on your system. True or False?
2. Why shell is called Command Interpreter?
3. Two UNIX systems may or may not use the same system calls. True or False?
4. To obtain help on any feature of the system, what are the possible help sources available?
5. Why are the directories /bin and /usr/bin usually found first in the output of echo $PATH?
6. If two commands with the same filename exist in two directories in PATH, how can they be
executed.
7. How is the Current directory is indicated in the value of the PATH?
8. Use the type command with the following arguments—cd, date, pwd and ls. Which are
the internal commands in the list?
9. What is the difference between an argument and an option?
10.if the command ls –all works on your system, which flavor of UNIX could you be using?
11.What does the secondary prompt look like and when does it appear?
12.You located the string crontab in a man page by searching with /crontab [Enter]. How do
you find out the other occurrences of this string in the page?
13.What is a pager? Name the two standard pagers used by man.
14.If a command doesn’t seem to complete, which key will you press to interrupt it?
15.Do you need to wait for a command to finish before entering the next one?
16.What do the | and the three dots in the SYNOPSIS section of these man pages indicate as
shown below?
/usr/xpg4/bin/tail [ -f | -r ]
/usr/bin/ls [ -aAbcCdfFgilLmnopqrRstux1 ] [file .. ]
17.How do you direct man to use a specific pager, say less?
18.What is a whitespace? Explain the treatment the shell metes out to a command that
contains a lot of whitespace.
19.A Program file named foo exists in the current directory, but when we try to execute it by
entering foo, we see the message foo: command not found. Explain how that can happen?
20.What do multiprogramming, multiuser and multitasking mean?

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21.Why are many UNIX commands designed to perform simple rather than complex tasks?

C# .NET
1. Can we have private constructor? when can I use them?
2. what is an internal specifier? what happens internally when I use access specifier Internal ?
3. DO we have inline function in C#? otherwise what is equivalent inline function in C#?
4. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
5. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
6. Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why?
7. What does the “EnableViewState” property do? Why would I want it on or off?
8. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and
9. Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
10.Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as opposed
to a non-serviced .NET component
11.Let’s say I have an existing application written using Visual Studio 6 (VB 6, InterDev 6) and
this application utilizes Windows 2000 COM+ transaction services. How would you approach
migrating this application to .NET
12.Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and anADO Recordset?
13.Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and
Session_Start subroutines?
14.If I’m developing an application that must accomodate multiple security levels though
secure login and my ASP.NET web appplication is spanned across three web-servers (using
round-robbin load balancing)
15.what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users?
16.What are ASP.NET Web Forms? How is this technology different than what is available
though ASP (1.0-3.0)?
17.How does VB.NET/C# achieve polymorphism?
18.Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
19.Use the existing functionality along with its own properities.
20.How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?
21.Whats an assembly
22.Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled
solution
23.Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one
24.Where would you use an iHTTPModule, and what are the limitations of any approach you
might take in implementing one
25.What are the disadvantages of viewstate/what are the benefits
26.Describe session handling in a webfarm, how does it work and what are the limits
27.How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers - why would you even do this?
28.Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
29.In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a developer is it important to
undertsand these events?
30.Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset
with data?
31.Can you edit data in the Repeater control?

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32.Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
33.How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeatercontrol?
34.What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind
the data from some data source to the Repeatercontrol?
35.What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
36.What method do you use to explicitly kill a user s session?
37.How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site?
38.Which two properties are on every validation control?
39.What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually?
40.How do you create a permanent cookie?
41.What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid?
42.What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web service————
43.Which method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing a round
trip to the client?
44.What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service SOAP
45.True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET
46.What does WSDL stand for? webservice description language. it is used to generate for
proxy( server object)
47.What property do you have to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using the Pager
object?
48.Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
49.What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually.
50.Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the
DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
51.How is a property designated as read-only?
52.Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls
matched?
53.True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web
application to consume this service?
54.How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?

ASP.NET
1. Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading
process.
2. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other
things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension),the ISAPI
filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process
aspnet_wp.exe.
3. What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
4. The later one allows you to write formattedoutput.
5. What methods are fired during the page load?
6. Init() - when the pageis instantiated
7. Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
8. PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user asHTML,
9. Unload() - when page finishes loading.
10.Where does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
11.System.Web.UI.Page
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12.Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
13.System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
14.What’s the difference between Codebehind=”MyCode.aspx.cs” andSrc=”MyCode.aspx.cs”?
15.CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
16.What’s a bubbled event?
17.When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing
18.What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
19.Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output.
20.What methods are fired during the page load?
21.Init() - when the page is instantiated
22.Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
23.PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML
24.Unload() - when page finishes loading.
25.When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
26.After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad() for a control.
27.What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
28.Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
29.What’s the difference between Codebehind=”MyCode.aspx.cs” andSrc=”MyCode.aspx.cs”?
30.What’s a bubbled event?
31.Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver for a certain button.
Where do you add an event handler?
32.What data types do the RangeValidator control support?
33.Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
34.What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
35.Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
36.What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I
choose one over the other?
37.Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
38.What is the Global.asax used for?
39.What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
40.Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
41.Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
42.Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
43.Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
44.Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset
with data?
45.Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
46.Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
47.How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
48.What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind
the data from a data source to the Repeater control?
49.What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
50.Name two properties common in every validation control?
51.Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the
DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
52.Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls
matched?
53.How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?

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