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    Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 3ed_Part15

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    Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 3ed_Part15

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views10 pages

    Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 3ed - Part15

    Uploaded by

    volvansky
    Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended 3ed_Part15

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10
    Algebra and graphs Worked examples & Arrectangular garden has a square flower bed of side length A ‘x m in one of ils comers. ‘The remainder of the garden fm consists of lawn and has dimensions as shown (left). If the y total area of the lawn is SO m=: ya) Forman equation in terms of x ts ») solve the equation ¢) calculate the length and width of the whole garden. 13 Equations and inequalities © The quadratic formula In general a quadratic equation takes the form ax? + bx +c = 0 where a, b and e are integers. Quadratic equations can be solved by the use of the quadratic formuta which states that: —b£Vb*-4a0c 2a Worked examples a) Solve the quadratic equation x? + Tx +3 = 0. ande=3. -T£VP -4x1x3 2x1 4V49-12 2 237 2 = nT+6083 4, -7= 6.083 2 2 x= 0.459 (38.0) or x= 6.54 (35.0) Therefore x b) Solve the quadratic equation x7 — 4x —2 = 0. = 1,6 = -4andc=-2, Substituting these valu into the quadratic formula gives: 444899 4.899 at o rely 445350) or x= 04493 8.5) Therefore Algebra and graphs Exercise 13.10 © Completing the square Quadratics can also be solved by expressing them in terms ‘of a perfect square. We look once again at the quadratic w-4x-2=0. The perfect square (x — 2)? can be expanded to give x? = dy +4, Notice that the x? and.x terms are the same as those in the original quadratic. Therefore (x — 2)? — 6 = x? — dx — 2 and can be used to solve the quadr: (27 (e297 6 Pe] =+V6 * 22Ve x=445 Gs.f) or 0.449 (3 s.f) Solve the following quadratic equations using either the ‘quadratic formula or by completing the square. Give your answers to 2 dip. La) -x-13 b) P+4r-11=0 ©) 8 45x-7=0 d) P+ 6r+6=0 e) 8 45x-13=0 f) or +19=0 2 a) M4 Ie+ 9=0 b) x-35=0 °) d) -5x-7=0 e) 4 f) w-8=0 a) b) xf-4r—11=0 ©) d) B+2r-7=0 e) f) -art3 4 a) b) 4¢+ 2x °) d) -2?- 51-2 °) f) -ie-x+15=0 13 Equations and inequalities Worked examples @ Linear inequalities The statement Gis less than 8 can be written as: 6<8 This inequality can be manipulated in the following ways: adding 210 each si 8<10 this inequality i still rue subtracting 2 from cach side 466 thie inequalit i till true multiplying both sides by 2: <6 this inequality is till me dividing both sides by 2: 3<4 thisinequality i still rue multiplying both sides by 2: —12.<-16 this inequality is aot true dividing both sides by —2: -3<-4 thisinequality is not true As can be seen, when both sides of an inequality are either multiplied or divided by a negative number, the inequality is no longer true. For it to be true the inequality sign needs to be changed around. ie -12>-16 and -3>-4 When solving linear inequalities, the procedure is very similar {o that of solving linear equations. Remember: implies that the number is not included in the solution. [tis associated with > and <. —>_ implies that the number is included in the solution. Itis associated with > and <. Solve the following inequalities and represent the solution on a number line: a) 15 +3x<6 ar<-9 x<-3 “5 4 aa 2 b) sIk+3 14< 7a 25x thatis x>2 Algebra and graphs Exercise 13.11 Worked example Exercise | 09-4317 4c 38 x52 Note the inequalit direction. ign has changed ag Solve the following inequalities and illustrate your solution on a number line: La) x43<7 b) Stx>6 c) 44+2e<10 @) 8extt e) S>34x f) 7<342e 2 a) x-3<4 b) x-6>-8 ©) 8+3x>-1 d) S=x-7 e) 12>-¥-12 f) 452+10 x x & a) Ft b) 4S °) <5 d) %>-18 e) -dxyF1<3 f) 1=-3x+7 Find the range of values for which 7 < 3x +1 < 13 and illustrate the solutions on a number line. This is in fact two inequalities which can therefore be solved separately. T<3et1 and ax t1 6<3r (-)> dr <2 (23) 2exthatisx>2 (43) x <4 1 3 8 4 Find the range of values for which the following inequalities are satisfied. Illustrate each solution on a number line: 1. a) 4<20<8 b) 3<3r<15 °c) 7<2x<10 @) 1W

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