Optistruct 130 Reference Guide

HyperWorks 13.
OptiStruct Reference Guide
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OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide
Reference Guide
........................................................................................................................................... 1
Input Data
............................................................................................................................................... 2
The Bulk Data Input File
................................................................................................................................... 3
Guidelines for I/O Options and Subcase Information Entries
................................................................................................................................... 7
Guidelines for Bulk Data Entries
................................................................................................................................... 9
Solution Sequences - Data Selectors (Table)
................................................................................................................................... 14
Summary of Defaults for I/O Options
................................................................................................................................... 15
I/O Options Section
................................................................................................................................... 22
Subcase Information Section
................................................................................................................................... 233
Bulk...................................................................................................................................
Data Section 318
Element Quality Check
................................................................................................................................... 2160
Material Property Check
................................................................................................................................... 2189
Output Data
............................................................................................................................................... 2197
List of Files Created by OptiStruct (Alphabetical)
................................................................................................................................... 2200
Results Output by OptiStruct
................................................................................................................................... 2346
Legacy Data
............................................................................................................................................... 2378
Previous (OS3.5) Input Format
................................................................................................................................... 2379
Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 with OptiStruct 3.5 Objectives and
Constraints
................................................................................................................................... 2384
Previously Supported Input
................................................................................................................................... 2388
i OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide Altair Engineering
Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering

Reference Guide
Input Data
Output Data
Legacy Data
Altair Engineering OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide 1

Input Data
I/O Options Section
Bulk Data Section
2 OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide Altair Engineering

The Bulk Data Input File
The input file in OptiStruct is composed of three distinct sections:
The I/O Options Section

The Subcase Information Section
The Bulk Data Section
The I/O Options Section controls the overall running of the analysis or optimization. It
controls the type, format, and frequency of the output, the type of run (check, analysis,
super element generation, optimization or optimization restart), and the location and names of
input, output, and scratch files.
The Subcase Information Section contains information for specific subcases. It identifies
which loads and boundary conditions are to be used in a subcase. It can control output type
and frequency, and may contain objective and constraint information for optimization
problems. For more information on solution sequences, see the table included on the Solution
Sequences page of the online help.
The Bulk Data Section contains all finite element data for the finite element model, such as
grids, elements, properties, materials, loads and boundary conditions, and coordinates
systems. For optimization, it contains the design variables, responses, and constraint
definitions. The bulk data section begins with the BEGIN BULK statement.

These sections can be arranged in either a one-file setup or a multi-file setup (there is also an
obsolete two-file setup that is no longer recommended).
One-File Setup
In a one-file setup, all three data sections are included in one file. The bulk data section
must be the last section. It is recommended that the extension .fem be used for this file.
Multi-File Setup
A multi-file setup is facilitated through the use of INCLUDE statements. This option enables
you to include information from other files without cutting and pasting. INCLUDE statements
may be placed in any section of the one or two-file setup, but must include information
appropriate to the section.
The following example shows how an additional subcase can be added to the Subcase
Information section.
input.fem file sub2.inc
$ Subcase 2
Subcase 1 SPC = 1
SPC = 1 Load = 3
Load = 2
$
INCLUDE sub2.inc
$
BEGIN BULK
$
The solver reads all files and positions the lines of the included file at the location of the
INCLUDE statement in the input.fem file. An echo of the input.fem file as read by
OptiStruct would be:
$
Subcase 1
SPC = 1
Load = 2
$
Subcase 2
SPC = 1
Load = 3
$
BEGIN BULK
$

Two-File Setup
This setup is obsolete; the one-file or multiple-file setups are recommended.
The two-file setup separates the control data (I/O Options section and Subcase Information
section) from the model data (Bulk Data section). If the input file does not contain a BEGIN
BULK statement, the solver attempts to read the model data from another file:
If the INFILE card is present in the I/O Options section, the argument given on this
card is the name of the file that contains the model data.
If the INFILE card is not present in the I/O Options section, and the input file does not
have the extension .fem, the name of the file containing the model data will be
constructed from the input file by replacing the extension with .fem.
The two-file setup allows you to perform runs using multiple control data files and a single
model file and vice versa. It is recommended that the .parm extension be used for control
data files and the .fem extension be used for model data files.
Notes: The format of the input sections in OptiStruct

are similar to those of the Nastran format.
File names specified on INCLUDE and other cards

(RESTART, EIGVNAME, LOADLIB, OUTFILE, TMPDIR,
ASSIGN) can be arbitrary file names with optional
paths appropriate to the operating system (Windows
or UNIX). They may be enclosed in quotes (double or
single quotes can be used), and either forward slash
(/) or back slash (\) characters can be used to
separate parts of the pathname.
The solver uses the following rules to locate a file name

on the INCLUDE cards:
When the argument contains the absolute path

of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX or a drive
letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example),
the file at the given location is used.
When only the file name is given (without the path),
the file has to be located in the same directory as
the file containing the INCLUDE statement.
When the argument contains a relative path
(../filename or sub/filename, for example), it
is located in the directory relative to the file
containing the INCLUDE statement and is NOT
relative to the directory in which the solver was
executed, or to the directory where the main file
is located.

Compressed input files
An input file and referenced included files can be optionally compressed using gzip
compression. A compressed file has to have the extension .gz appended to the file name.
Valid example file names are: input.fem.gz, input.gz, and input.dat.gz. Compressed files
can be mixed with plain ASCII files. The INCLUDE card does not have to be modified when a
file is compressed. For example, if the card INCLUDE infile.dat were present, the reader
would search for infile.dat and continue on to search for the compressed file,
infile.dat.gz, if not found. Other input files (such as RESTART, ASSIGN) cannot be
compressed.

Guidelines for I/O Options and Subcase Information
Entries
The following guidelines apply to all entries in the I/O Options and Subcase Information
sections:
All input cards are limited to 80 characters per line; all characters after the 80th are
skipped. SYSSETTING,CARDLENGTH may be used to change the number of characters
allowed in each line.
Cards which require a file name (OUTFILE, RESTART, INCLUDE, LOADLIB, TMPDIR,
EIGVNAME, ASSIGN) can contain up to 200 characters in a single line. Alternatively,
the file name may be continued in several lines if it is enclosed in quotes (" or ‘). When
combining continuation lines, all trailing and leading blanks in each line are omitted.
Other blanks, including all blanks between the quote and file name, are considered as
part of the file name.
File names can contain an absolute or relative path. Forward slash (/) or back slash
(\) characters can be used to separate parts of a path name. Absolute paths are
discouraged since they prevent moving files from one location to another, and may
cause unexpected failures, as in PBS or a similar batch environment.
Windows style file names, starting with the drive letter (for example: D:/users/mbg/
workarea), can be used on UNIX/Linux only when environment variable(s)
DOS_DRIVE_# are defined. Content of the respective environment variable replaces
the first two letters (‘D:’) in the file name, and the expanded file name must fit within
200 characters. Alternatively, the DOS_DRIVE_# option can be specified in the config
file. UNC format (//server/path/filename) is not accepted.
Each line of data contains up to ten fields in free format. Entries in the free format are
separated by any number of characters from the following set:
(blank)
, (comma)
File names and titles (TITLE, SUBTITLE, LABEL) are exceptions to this rule.
P2G / K2GG / M2GG / B2GG entries allow more than ten fields per line (up to
CARDLENGTH limit).
GROUNDCHECK / WEIGHTCHECK / EIGVRETRIEVE / XYPLOT allow more than ten fields
per line and are the only entries which allow continuation.
Dollar signs, $, in any column denote comments. All characters after the dollar sign
until the end of the line are ignored. A dollar sign can be a part of a file name or title,
but the full title or file name must be enclosed in quotes (" or ‘) in such cases.
Lines which begin with two slashes, //, or a pound symbol, #, are read as comment
lines. Blank lines are also assumed to be comment lines.

Continuation lines are marked with a trailing comma character in the preceding line.
Numeric entries must start with a digit, ‘+’, or ‘-’.

Integer entries may not contain decimal points or exponent parts, and must fit in the
range of values allowed for INTEGER*4 (usually –2**31<x<2**31).
Integer data placed in the field reserved for real valued data is accepted and
converted to a double precision.
Character entries longer than eight characters are silently truncated, except for the
title strings and file names. All character strings, except user-provided labels, titles,
and file names, are case insensitive (can be typed in lower or upper case). File names
are always case sensitive, except with Windows, where the operating system does not
care for case.
Abbreviated keyword entries are accepted and recognized properly using the first four
characters. When a four character abbreviation is not unique, the full length keyword
has to appear on the data line (but only the first eight characters are used if the
keyword is longer).
Examples
The following three lines are equivalent:

DISPLACEMENT (form) = option
disp FORM option
displa ,, form , oPTIOn
The following is a card with multiple continuation lines:

XYPLOT, XYPEAK, VELO, PSDF / 3(T2),
6(T2), 8(T2), 10(T2),
20(T2)
The following is a path split across several lines:

INCLUDE "path/
/split into multiple / lines
/filename.txt "
is equivalent to:
INCLUDE "path//split into multiple / lines/filename.txt "
Note that several spaces, the space at the end in particular, which are valid parts of this
name, may cause unexpected results.

Guidelines for Bulk Data Entries
The following guidelines apply to all entries in the bulk data section:
Data may contain 80 characters per line at most. All characters after the 80th are
ignored. The only exception is for the INCLUDE data entry. SYSSETTING,CARDLENGTH
can be used to change the number of characters allowed in each line.
Each line of data contains up to nine fields in one of the three accepted formats:
Fixed Format
Each field consists of eight characters (shown below).
Large Field Fixed Format
Each field consists of 16 characters; two consecutive lines form nine fields, similar to
other formats (shown below). Large field format is recognized by the first character
after the keyword, or by the first character in each continuation line, which must be
‘*’. The second line (‘half line’), if present, must also contain ‘*’ in the first column.
The first and last field in each half line is eight characters long. The last field on each
first half-line and the first field on each second half-line are ignored.
The following examples show the same card in fixed and large field formats:
Free Format
Fields are separated by commas; blank characters surrounding commas are not
significant. Two consecutive commas define empty (blank) fields. If a comma is
present in a line of data, it is assumed to be free format data. Continuation lines for
free format start with a blank, '+' or '*'.

Large field free format and short field free format are available, but there is no limit on
the length of entries, and all floating numbers are read and stored with full precision
(64-bit REAL*8) in either case. The only difference between large and short free
format is that the latter allows for 8 data fields in each line (in positions 2 – 9), while
the former allows for 4 data fields per line (similar to the large field fixed format
detailed above).
If there is a comma within the first 10 characters in a line, the line is assumed to be in
free format; otherwise, if there is an '*' immediately after the card name or a
continuation line starts with '*', then the line is accepted as large field fixed format.
All other lines are read in as fixed format.
Use of fixed format limits the range of integer data (-9,999,999 .. 99,999,999) and the
accuracy of floating point numbers, but does not influence the internal storage of data
– in particular all floating point numbers are always read and stored with full precision
(64-bit REAL*8).
Bulk data is always limited to 9 fields per line. Content of 10th field and the first field
of each continuation line are silently skipped when fixed format is used (other codes
can use these fields for special purposes, such as to mark matching continuation lines).
Extensions of free format (which may allow more than 9 fields in a line) are not
accepted. An error message is issued when a free format card contains more than 9
fields. This error can be disabled (changed to non-fatal warning) through the use of
SYSSETING,SKIP10FIELD.
Dollar signs, $, in any column denote comments. All characters after the dollar sign
until the end of the line are ignored. Dollar signs can only appear in quoted files
names.
Lines which begin with two slashes, //, or a pound symbol, #, are read as comment
lines. Blank lines are also assumed to be comment lines.
The full keyword of each bulk data entry must be given starting from the first column.
Abbreviated keywords are not allowed.
The format of most bulk data entries is similar to that for Nastran. Not all entry
options are supported by OptiStruct. Consult the list of fields and options supported.
Continuation entries must follow the parent entries. If the first character of any entry
is either a blank, a ‘+’, or an ‘*’, it is treated as a continuation of the previous entry.
If the entire line is blank, it is treated as a comment line.
An ENDDATA entry or end-of-file denotes end of data. Lines after the ENDDATA entry
are ignored.
All Bulk Data entries must appear after the BEGIN BULK statement in the input data.
The content of the tenth field in each card, and that of the first field in each
continuation card, is disregarded.
Each entry can be placed anywhere within the field. For example, blanks preceding
and following an entry are ignored, except the keyword entry, which must be left
justified in its field.

No entry can contain blanks within the data.
Character entries (labels) must start with a letter.

Numeric entries must start with a digit, ‘+’ or ‘-‘.
Integer entries may not contain a decimal point or an exponent part, and must fit in
the range of values allowed for INTEGER*4 (usually –2**31<x<2**31).
Integer data placed in the field reserved for real valued data is accepted and
converted to a double precision. However, certain fields have alternate functions
where the nature of the number entered indicates the desired function; one function
requires an integer while the other requires a real number – in this case, no conversion
is performed.
Real valued data can be entered without exponent part, with exponent part and
explicit letter ‘E’ or ‘D’ or with exponent part starting with a sign (without ‘E’ or ‘D’). All
real values are stored internally as double precision data (64-bit REAL*8) without
regards to which format was used to enter them. Following are valid examples of input
for real valued data:
1.
0.1
.1
+.1
-0.1
1e5
1e+5
1+5
1.0E-5
.1d-5
.00001-05
Character entries longer than eight characters are silently truncated in large field and
free field formats, with the exception of file names on the INCLUDE entry (see
documentation for INCLUDE entry) and the “LABEL’ field on DESVAR, DRESP1, DRESP2,
DRESP3, and DTABLE entries (allows up to 16 characters).
Continuation lines do not have to be in the same format as the parent entries. It is
allowed to mix lines in different formats within a single bulk data card.
Invisible tab characters are equivalent to the number of spaces needed to advance to
the nearest tab stop. Tab stops are placed at the beginning of each eight-character
field. Use the SYSSETTINGS,TABSTOPS option to change this value, for example, to
tab stops at 4-character fields.

Replication of GRID data
Replication is a limited data generation capability which may be used for GRID data
only.
Duplication of fields from the preceding GRID entry is accomplished by coding the
symbol =.
Duplication of all trailing fields from the preceding entry is accomplished by coding
the symbol ==.
Incrementing a value from the previous entry is indicated by coding *x or *(x),

where x is the value of the increment. “x” should be a real number for real fields
or an integer for integer fields. The parentheses will be ignored and removed.
Only the fields for ID, CP, X, Y, Z, and CD can be incremented. The PS data
cannot be incremented.
Replication data can follow other replication data.
Entered entries:
GRID,101,17,1.0,10.5,,17,3456
GRID,*1,=,*(0.2),==
GRID,*100,,=,=,*10.0,==
GRID,20,17,==
Generated entries:
GRID 101 17 1.0 10.5 17 3456

GRID 102 17 1.2 10.5 17 3456
GRID 202 1.2 10.5 10.0 17 3456
GRID 20 17 1.2 10.5 10.0 17 3456
Removal of duplicate entries
Removal of duplicate entries is a limited to GRID, CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S, CORD2R,

CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries only.
To be considered duplicates, the GRID ID, CP, CD, and PS fields must be the same.
The GRID coordinates should be the same within the setting determined by
PARAM,DUPTOL.
For the coordinate information to be considered duplicate, the CID and GID must be
the same and the vector components and axis locations must be the same within the
setting determined by PARAM,DUPTOL.
The removal of duplicated GRID data is performed after any GRID data is generated
using the GRID replication feature.
For all other cards which require a unique ID, it is an error if any given ID appears more
than once. However, to facilitate application of changes resulting from optimization, it
is possible to redefine content of some cards using a separate file defined with

ASSIGN,UPDATE.

Solution Sequences - Data Selectors (Table)
Key:
R Required Data Selector.
O Optional Data Selector. All optional data selectors can be set equal to zero in order to
override inheritance from default settings (data selectors appearing before the first
subcase).
E Either one of the selectors marked E are required, both are optional.
A Exactly one selector marked A is required.
Data selector may be defined above the first subcase, in which case it is used in any
subcase where it is allowed (as long as it has not been defined specifically).
** METHOD(Fluid) and SDAMPING(Fluid) are allowed when the model does not contain fluid
parts, but a warning is issued in such cases.
‡ Direct Frequency and Transient solutions only allow reference of FREQ, FREQ1 and
FREQ2. Modal Frequency and Transient solutions also allow reference of FREQ3, FREQ4
and FREQ5.

Summary of Defaults for I/O Options
Output Format Controls
When card is present,

When card is not
Card but no argument is
present
given
FORMAT HM & H3D* error
OUTPUT no effect no effect
*The OptiStruct Configuration File may be used to change the default

settings.
Run Controls

When card is not
present
given
CHECK no effect active (has no arguments)
CMSMETH no effect no effect
RESTART no effect <prefix of filename>.sh
SYSSETTING no effect no effect
@HyperForm no effect active (has no arguments)
File Names, Headers, and Locations

When card is not
present
given
ASSIGN N/A error
EIGVNAME OUTFILE is used error
INCLUDE N/A error
LOADLIB N/A error
OUTFILE prefix of filename error
SUBTITLE N/A blank
TITLE N/A blank
TMPDIR ./ or .\ error
Analysis Output

When card is not
present
given
ACCELERATION NONE ALL
AUTOSPC NO YES
CONTF NONE ALL
CSTRAIN NONE ALL
CSTRESS NONE ALL
DAMAGE NONE ALL
DISPLACEMENT ALL † ALL
EDE NONE ALL

When card is not
present
given
EKE NONE ALL
ELFORCE See FORCE
ELSTRESS See STRESS
ENERGY NONE ALL
ERP NONE ALL
ESE NONE ALL
FLUX NONE ALL
FORCE NONE ALL
FORMAT no effect FLX
GPFORCE NONE ALL
GPKE NONE ALL
GPSTRESS NONE ALL
GSTRESS See GPSTRESS
LIFE NONE ALL
MBFORCE no effect ALL
MECHCHECK no effect N/A
MODALDE NONE ALL
MODALKE NONE ALL
MODALSE NONE ALL
MPCFORCE NONE ALL
OLOAD NONE ALL

When card is not
present
given
PFGRID NONE error
PFMODE NONE error
PFPANEL NONE error
PFPATH NONE error
POWERFLOW NONE ALL
PRESSURE ALL † ALL
PRETBOLT NO YES
REQUEST NONE error (has no arguments)
SACCELERATION NONE ALL
SDISPLACEMENT NONE ALL
SINTENS NONE ALL
SPCFORCE NONE ALL
SPL NONE ALL
SPOWER NONE ALL
STRAIN NONE ALL
STRESS ALL ‡ ALL
SVELOCITY NONE ALL
TCURVE N/A blank
THERMAL NONE ALL
THIN NONE ALL
UNITS NONE error (has no arguments)

When card is not
present
given
VELOCITY NONE ALL
XTITLE N/A blank
XYPEAK NONE error
XYPLOT NONE error
XYPUNCH NONE error
YTITLE N/A blank
† Except for frequency response subcases, where the default is NONE.
‡ Except for frequency response and transient subcases, where the

default is NONE.
Optimization Output

When card is not
present
given
DENSITY ALL ALL
DESGLB no effect error
DESHIS ALL ALL
DSA no effect error
HISOUT 15 15
PROPERTY FILE FILE
RESPRINT no effect no effect
RESULTS FL FL

When card is not
present
given
SENSITIVITY NONE NOSTRESS
SENSOUT FL FL
SHAPE ALL ALL
THICKNESS ALL ALL
Other Output Controllers

When card is not
present
given
DMIGNAME AX AX
ECHO no effect active
ECHOON no effect active (has no arguments)
ECHOOFF no effect active (has no arguments)
MODEL ALL ALL
MSGLMT no effect error
OFREQUENCY ALL ALL
OMODES ALL ALL
OTIME ALL ALL
SCREEN NONE OUT
TTERM NONE REAL

Random Response

When card is not
present
given
RCROSS NONE ERROR
Optimization

When card is not
present
given
DGLOBAL NONE ERROR
FE Analysis

When card is not
present
given
HYBDAMP NONE ERROR
RADSND no effect ERROR

I/O Options Section

@HYPERFORM
I/O Options Entry
@HyperForm - One-step Stamping Simulation Run
Description
The @HyperForm statement indicates an input file for one-step stamping simulation written
from HyperForm.
Format
@HyperForm
Comments
1. Must be present as the first line of the input file to allow the one-step stamping related
bulk data entries to be accepted as input.

ACCELERATION
I/O Options and Subcase Information Entry
ACCELERATION - Output Request
Description
The ACCELERATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request acceleration vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
ACCELERATION(sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput) = option
Argument Options Description
sorting <SORT1, SORT2> This argument only applies to the PUNCH format
(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output
Default = blank for normal modes, frequency response, and
transient subcases. It will be ignored without
warning if used elsewhere.
SORT1: Results for each frequency/

timestep are grouped together.
SORT2: Results for each grid/element are

grouped together (See comment
8).
blank: For frequency response analysis,

if no grid SET is specified, SORT1
is used, otherwise, SORT2 is
used; for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.
format <HM, H3D, HG, OPTI, HM: Results are output in HyperMesh
PUNCH, OP2, PLOT, binary format (.res file).
blank>
H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D
Default = blank format (.h3d file).
HG: Results are output in HyperGraph

presentation format (_freq.mvw
file and _tran.mvw file) – see
OUTPUT keywords HGFREQ and
HGTRANS.

OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct

results format (.dispfile).
PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran

punch results format (.pch file).
OP2: Results are output in Nastran

output2 format (.op2 file) (see
comment 11).
PLOT: Results are output in Nastran

output2 format (.op2 file) when
PARAM, POST is defined in the
bulk data section.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in

the bulk data section, this format
allows the form for complex
results to be defined for XYPUNCH
output without having other
output.
blank: Results are output in all active

formats for which the result is
available.
form <COMPLEX, REAL, COMPLEX (HM Provides a combined magnitude/

IMAG, PHASE, only), blank: phase form of complex output to
BOTH> the .res file for the HM output
format.
Default (HM only) =
COMPLEX REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real
and imaginary) of complex output
Default (all other (See comment 9).
formats) = REAL
PHASE: Provides polar format (magnitude
and phase) of complex output.
Phase output is in degrees (See
comment 9).
BOTH (HM only): Provides both polar and

rectangular formats of complex
output.

rotations <ROTA, NOROTA> ROTA: Requests output of rotational

acceleration results (in addition
Default = NOROTA
to translational acceleration
results).
NOROTA: Rotational acceleration results are

not output.
random <PSDF, RMS> PSDF: Requests PSD and RMS results

from random response analysis to
No default be output.
Only valid for the H3D format.

The "RMS over Frequencies"
output is at the end of the
Random results.
RMS: Requests only the “RMS over

Frequencies” result from random
response analysis to be output.
Valid only for the H3D format.
peakoutput <PEAKOUT> PEAKOUT: If PEAKOUT is present, only the

filtered frequencies from the
Default = blank PEAKOUT card will be considered
for this output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Acceleration is output for all
NONE, SID> nodes.
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Acceleration is not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, acceleration

is output only for nodes listed in
that set.

Comments
1. When the ACCELERATION command is not present, acceleration results are not output.
2. Acceleration output is only available for frequency response and transient analysis
solution sequences.
3. The form argument is only applicable for frequency response analysis. It is ignored for
other analysis types.
4. The forms BOTH and COMPLEX do not apply to the .frf output files.
5. Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry; these should be comma separated. If no
format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT or
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
on the results available and their respective formats.
6. Multiple instances of this card are allowed; if instances are conflicting, the last instance
dominates.
7. For optimization, the frequency of output to a given format is controlled by the I/O
option OUTPUT. In previous versions of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options
FORMAT and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as
it does not allow different frequencies for different formats.
8. In general, HyperView does not recognize the SORT2 format for results from the .op2 file.
When results are output only in SORT2 format (<Result Keyword> (SORT2, OUTPUT2, …
.)), the results are written by OptiStruct into the .op2 file in SORT2 format, but when
the .op2 file is imported into HyperView, the results in SORT2 format are not recognized.
Therefore, the SORT1 option is recommended for results output in OUTPUT2 format and
SORT2 option is recommended for results output in PUNCH format.
9. Results in binary format (.h3d or .op2) are always output in PHASE/MAG form, regardless
of the options specified in the FORM field. The corresponding post-processors
(HyperView/HyperGraph) can easily convert the PHASE/MAG format to the required
formats. Results in ASCII formats are output in the specified/requested FORM.
10. The abbreviations ACCE and ACCEL are interchangeable with ACCELERATION.
11. format=OUTPUT2 can also be used to request results to be output in the Nastran output2
format (.op2 file).

ASSIGN
ASSIGN – Input Definition
Description
The ASSIGN command can be used in the I/O Options section to identify external files and
their contents.
Format
ASSIGN, type, option1, option2
Type Option1 Option 2 Description
AKUSMOD filename N/A Identifies an external file from which to read the
AKUSMOD fluid-structure coupling matrix.
If this is not defined, it is presumed that the

AKUSMOD coupling matrix is to be found in the same
directory as the solver input file and is given the file
name, ftn.70.
Use of the AKUSMOD fluid-structure coupling matrix

requires the presence of PARAM,AKUSMOD,YES.
ENGINE SUBCASE ID filename Identifies an external file from which to read

modification commands to be applied on the
intermediate RADIOSS Engine file translated in the
NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN solutions.
SUBCASE ID=0 means all NLGEOM, IMPDYN and

EXPDYN subcases.
See comment 1.
EXCINP SUBCASE ID filename Identifies an external file from which to read the
modal participation factors calculated by AVL/
EXCITE for both transient and FRF residual runs.
While running an AVL/EXCITE analysis, a .INP4 file is

generated that contains the modal participation
factors. The .INP4 file can be used along with the
original flex h3d file to recover stresses, strains,
displacements, velocities, and accelerations from a

dynamic analysis run. The SUBCASE ID is used to

specify which SUBCASE the modal participation
factors should be used for.
H3DDMIG matrixname filename Identifies an external nodal flexh3d file from which to
read DMIG matrices. Provides a prefix (matrixname)
for the matrices contained therein, and the path to
and the name of the flexh3d file. All of the matrices
in the h3d file are used in the analysis by default. If
only some of the matrices are to be used, then use
the K2GG, M2GG, K42GG, and B2GG data to specify
which matrices are to be used. The unreferenced
matrices will not be used in this case.
H3DCAA Load ID filename Identifies an external file that contains information

necessary for Computational Aero-Acoustic (CAA)
analysis. The information in this external file is then
used to conduct frequency response analyses. This
file (.h3d format) is currently generated by
AcuSolve and includes pressure values from
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis at
each loading frequency. The specified “LoadID” can
be referenced by CAALOAD data (CAAID field) for
the application of load in a model.
H3DCDS matrixname filename Identifies an external file from which to read complex
dynamic matrices for a CDS residual run. Provides a
prefix (matrixname) for the matrices contained
therein and the path to and the name of the
filename_CDS.h3d file. All of the matrices in the
filename_CDS.h3d file are used in the analysis.
H3DMBD Flex Body ID filename Identifies an external nodal flexh3d file which
contains the analysis recovery information for
displacements, velocities, accelerations, stresses
and strains. Provides a Flex Body ID for the
information therein, and the path to and the name
of the flexh3d file.

MBDINP SUBCASE ID filename Identifies an external file from which to read the
modal participation factors calculated by
MotionSolve for transient analysis.
While running MotionSolve, an .mrf file is generated

that contains the modal participation factors. The
.mrf file can be used along with the original flex h3d
file to recover stresses, strains, displacements,
velocities, and accelerations during a transient
analysis run. The SUBCASE ID is used to specify
which SUBCASE the modal participation factors
should be used for.
MMO Model Name filename Identifies an external file to be included in a Multi-

Model Optimization (MMO) run. “Model Name” is a
user-defined label for the model, which can be used
to qualify model-specific responses referenced on
the DRESPM continuation lines of the DRESP2/
DRESP3 entries.
PUNCH filename N/A Identifies an external file as the location to write

DMIG data in PUNCH format.
STARTER SUBCASE ID filename Identifies an external file from which to read

modification commands to be applied on the
intermediate RADIOSS Starter file translated in the
NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN solutions.
SUBCASE ID=0 means all NLGEOM, IMPDYN and

EXPDYN subcases.
See comment 1.
SIMPINP SUBCASE filename Identifies an external .unv file generated while

running a multi-body dynamic analysis in SIMPACK.
The resulting CMS flexbody modal participation
factors in the .unv file can be used by OptiStruct to
recover the dynamic displacements, velocities,

accelerations, stresses and strains.
The SUBCASE ID is used to specify which SUBCASE

the modal participation factors should be used for.
UPDATE filename N/A Identifies an external file from which to read the
updated cards after an optimization run.
Currently, the following cards are supported:
GRID
MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, MAT9,

MAT10
PSHELL, PSOLID, PBAR, PBEAM, PELAS, PVISC,

PDAMP, PBARL, PBEAML, PMASS, PROD, PBUSH,
PBUSH1D, PACABS
PAABSF, PWELD, PCOMPP, PSHEAR, PTUBE
CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTRIA6, CQUAD8
CONM2
Examples
ASSIGN, PUNCH, C:\CMS\h3ddmig.pch

ASSIGN, H3DDMIG, AX, C:\CMS\h3ddmig.h3d
Comments
1. For geometric nonlinear subcases, two types of modification commands are available in
the external file defined with ASSIGN,STARTER/ENGINE: insert and replace.
insert
Usage: Inserts content between keywords /INSERT and /ENDINS to the

intermediate RADIOSS Block deck at line number LINENUM.
Syntax: /INSERT,LINENUM
Content to be inserted
/ENDINS

replace
Usage: Uses content between keywords /REPLACE and /ENDREP to replace the
content in the intermediate RADIOSS Block deck between line numbers
LINENUM1 and LINENUM2.
Syntax: /REPLACE,LINENUM1, LIMENUM2
Content as replacement
/ENDREP
2. The SEINTPNT subcase information entry can only be used to convert interior super
element grid points in .h3d files referenced by ASSIGN, H3DDMIG.
Limitations:
Each subcase can only be defined with a maximum of one ASSIGN,STARTER entry and
one ASSIGN,ENGINE entry.
In the external file, the line numbers (LINENUM after /INSERT, and LINENUM1 after /
REPLACE) should be input in increasing order.
For subcases in the same load sequence (defined by CNTNLSUB), ASSIGN,STARTER
settings should be identical.

AUTOSPC
I/O Options Entry
AUTOSPC - Automatically Constrains Stiffness Singularities
Description
The AUTOSPC command requests that stiffness singularities and near singularities be
constrained automatically with single point constraints.
Format
Argument Description
PRINT Enables the printout of a summary table of singularities.
(Default)
NOPRINT Disables the printout of a summary table of singularities.
PUNCH Creates a PUNCH file with SPC data for each AUTOSPC DOF
for each SUBCASE. The SPC SID is the SUBCASE ID.
NOPUNCH Do not create a PUNCH file with SPC data for each
AUTOSPC DOF for each SUBCASE.
(Default)
Comments
1. YES is the default.
2. Replaces parameters PARAM,AUTOSPC and PARAM,PRGPST.

CDSMETH
I/O Options Entry
CDSMETH – Run Control
Description
The CDSMETH command can be used in component dynamic synthesis method for generating
component dynamic matrices at each loading frequency.
Format
CDSMETH = CDSID
Example
CDSMETH = 10
Argument Option Description
CDSID <INTEGER> ID of CDSMETH in bulk data section.
Default = NONE
Comments
1. If CDSMETH is specified, only one subcase is allowed. The data corresponding to

component dynamic synthesis will be stored in an H3D file with the name,
filename_CDS.h3d.
2. The subcase must be a modal frequency response subcase, except it does not require a
DLOAD card for load specification.

CHECK
I/O Options Entry
CHECK - Run Control
Description
The CHECK command can be used in the I/O Options section to request that only a model
check be performed.
Format
CHECK
Comments
1. Perform model check only.
2. If this keyword is present, only the subroutines which read in the input files are executed.
A report that provides information on errors in the model and the memory and disk space
requirements is given.
3. Useful for large runs since the amount of memory and time required to perform this
function is very small.

CMDE
I/O Options Entry
CMDE - Output Request
Description
The CMDE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis damping energy output for all subcases or individual
subcases respectively.
Format
CMDE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option
format <H3D, blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
available.
thresh <Real> Specifies an absolute threshold under which results

should not be output.
No default
rthresh <Real> Specifies a relative threshold under which results

should not be output. This value is relative to the
No default corresponding total modal energy.
topn <Integer> Specifies that only the top N values should be

output.
No default

type <AVERAGE, AVERAGE: The average of the energy is

AMPLITUDE, PEAK> output.
Default = AVERAGE AMPLITUDE: The amplitude of the energy is

output.
PEAK: The peak energy is output. This

is the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
mset <ALL, SID, TOTAL> ALL: Modal energy is output for all
modes.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, modal energy
is output only for modes listed in
that set.
TOTAL: Only the total energy is output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Modal energy is output.
NONE>
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Modal energy is not output.
Comments
1. When the CMDE command is not present, component modal synthesis damping energy is
not output.
2. Component modal synthesis damping energy output is only available for frequency
response analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external
CMS superelements are used.
on which results are available in which formats.
dominates.
option OUTPUT. In previous version of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options

CMKE
I/O Options Entry
CMKE - Output Request
Description
The CMKE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis kinetic energy output for all subcases or individual
Format
CMKE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
available.

No default


output.
No default



output.
PEAK: The peak energy is output. This

is the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
mset <ALL, SID, TOTAL> ALL: Modal energy is output for all
modes.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, modal energy
is output only for modes listed in
that set.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Modal energy is output.
NONE>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Modal energy is not output.
Comments
1. When the CMKE command is not present, component modal synthesis kinetic energy is not
output.
2. Component modal synthesis kinetic energy output is only available for frequency response
analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external CMS
superelements are used.
dominates.

CMSE
I/O Options Entry
CMSE - Output Request
Description
The CMSE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis strain energy output for all subcases or individual
Format
CMSE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
available.

No default


output.
No default



output.
PEAK: The peak energy is output. This is

the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
mset <ALL, SID, ALL: Modal energy is output for all

TOTAL> modes.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, modal energy is
output only for modes listed in that
set.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Modal energy is output.

NONE> blank:
Default = ALL
Comments
1. When the CMSE command is not present, component modal synthesis strain energy is not
output.
2. Component modal synthesis strain energy output is only available for frequency response
analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external CMS
superelements are used.
dominates.


CONTF
CONTF – Output Request for Contact Results
Description
The CONTF entry can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
contact results output for all nonlinear analysis subcases or individual nonlinear analysis
Format
CONTF (format, type) = option
Type Options Description
format <H3D, OPTI, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format

blank> (.h3d file). See below for type.
Default = blank
OPTI: The total contact force results are
output to the .cntf file.

available.
type <ALL,FORCE, ALL: All available contact results types

PCONT,FRICT> are output.
Default = ALL
FORCE: Contact force results are output.
PCONT: Pressure-type contact results are

output: pressure, open-closed
status, contact gap opening and
penetration (see comment 2).
FRICT: Friction-related results are output:

frictional traction, sliding distance,
and stick-slip status (see comment
2).
option <YES, ALL, YES, ALL, Contact results are output for all grid

Type Options Description
NO, NONE, blank: points.

SID>
NO, NONE: Contact results are not output.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, contact results

are output only for grid points listed
in that set.
Comments
1. The CONTF entry is only applicable in nonlinear analysis subcases that are identified by the
presence of an NLPARM subcase entry. The specific detailed result types displayed differ
slightly between NLSTAT and geometrically nonlinear subcases.
2. Most of the contact results are real numbers and are self-explanatory. Some results that
may require clarification are listed below:
Open/Closed status is represented by 0.0 for Open and 1.0 for Closed. On graphical
display, intermediate values may appear due to transition from open to closed across
individual elements,
Slip/Stick Status is represented by 0.0 for Open, 1.0 for Slip and 2.0 for Stick. On
graphical display, intermediate values may appear due to transition of status across
individual elements,
Sliding Distance represents total sliding distance accumulated while the surfaces are in
contact. This may be different than just the difference in displacements between the
starting and final position.
3. The calculation of contact results on both sides of contact interface involves projections
and mappings. Therefore, a perfect match of results between two sides cannot be
expected, especially on mismatched meshes. Also, the resolution of different types of
results (pressure versus gap opening) differs according to their respective FEA
interpolation order. Therefore, such results may appear locally inconsistent, especially on
second order meshes and mismatched mesh densities. (Usually pressure and traction will
appear smoother than gap opening or penetration.)
4. Only formats that have been activated by an OUTPUT or FORMAT statement are valid for
use on this entry.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for further
information.
6. Multiple instances of this entry are allowed; if the instances conflict, the last instance
dominates.

CSTRAIN
CSTRAIN - Output Request
Description
The CSTRAIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request ply strain output for elements referencing PCOMP or PCOMPG properties for all
subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
CSTRAIN (format_list,type,extras_list) = option
format <HM, H3D, OPTI, HM: Results are output in HyperMesh

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT, results format (.res file).
blank>

results format (.cstr file).
PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch

results format (.pch file).

comment 10).

PARAM, POST is defined in the bulk
data section.

formats, for which the result is
available.

type <ALL, PRINC> ALL, blank: All strain results are output.
Default = ALL
PRINC: Only principal strain results are
output.
extras <MECH, THER> MECH: Output Mechanical strain (in

addition to total strain). This
No default output is only available for H3D
format.
THER: Output Thermal strain (in addition

to total strain). This output is only
available for H3D format.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Results are output for all elements.
NONE, SID, PSID>
Default = YES NO, NONE: Results are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, results are

output only for elements listed in
that set.
PSID: If a property set ID is given, results

for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set
are output.
Comments
1. When the CSTRAIN command is not present, ply strain results are not output.
2. This output is not currently available for the frequency response or transient solution
sequences.
3. The STRAIN I/O option controls the output of strain results for the homogenized
composite material.

FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
dominates.
6. The SOUT field on the PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data entry must be set to YES to activate
strain results calculation for the corresponding ply.
7. For plies defined on a PCOMPG bulk data entry, the results are grouped by GPLYID.
FORMAT and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it
does not allow different frequencies for different formats.
9. The mechanical and thermal contributions to strain may be requested in addition to the
total strain.
format (.op2 file).

CSTRESS
CSTRESS - Output Request
Description
The CSTRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request ply stress and failure index output for elements referencing PCOMP or PCOMPG
properties for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
CSTRESS (format_list,type) = option

PUNCH,OP2, blank> results format (.res file).
Default = blank H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format

(.h3d file).
OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct results

format (.cstr file).

OP2: Results are output in Nastran output2

format (.op2 file) (see comment 10).

formats, for which the result is
available.
type <ALL, PRINC, FI> ALL, blank: All stress results are output.
Default = ALL
PRINC: Only principal stress results are
output.
FI: Only failure index results are

output. Failure Index results are
not available in the .pch and .op2
files.

Option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Results are output for all
NONE, SID, PSID> blank: elements.
Default = YES
NO, NONE: Results are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, results are

output only for elements listed in
that set.
PSID: If a property set ID is given,

results for the elements
referencing properties listed in the
property set are output.
Comments
1. When the CSTRESS command is not present, ply stress and failure index results are not
output.
2. This output is not currently available for the frequency response or transient solution
sequences.
3. The STRESS I/O option controls the output of stress results for the homogenized
composite material.
4. Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry, these should be comma separated. If no
FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
dominates.
6. The SOUT field on the PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data entry must be set to YES to activate
stress results calculation for the corresponding ply. For Failure Indices to be calculated,
the FT and SB fields on PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data and stress (or strain) allowables on
the referenced materials need to be defined.
7. For plies defined on a PCOMPG bulk data entry, the results are grouped by GPLYID.
9. Failure Index results are not available in the .pch and .op2 files.

format (.op2 file).

DAMAGE
DAMAGE – Output Request
Description
The DAMAGE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request fatigue damage results output for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases
respectively.
Format
DAMAGE (format, type) = option
format <H3D, OPTI, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
blank> file).
Default = blank
format (.fat file).
blank: Results are output in all active formats for

which the result is available.
type <SUB, LOAD, SUB: Only the total damage from the fatigue
EVENT, ALL> subcase is output.
Default = SUB
LOAD: Damage contribution from each static
subcase and total damage from the fatigue
subcases are output.
EVENT: Damage contribution from each FATEVNT

and total damage from fatigue subcases are
output.
ALL: Damage contribution from each FATEVNT,

damage contribution from each static
subcase and total damage from fatigue
subcases are all output.

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Results are output for all elements.
NONE, SID> blank:
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is specified, results are output

only for elements listed in that set.
Comments
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct for
information on which results are available in which formats.
dominates.

DENSITY
DENSITY - Output Request
Description
The DENSITY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request density output for a
topology optimization.
Format
DENSITY (format_list,type) = option

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT, results format (.res file).
blank>

results format (.dens file).


comment 6).

PARAM, POST is defined in the bulk
data section (see comment 6).

available.
type <ALL, DES> ALL: Results are output in all simulations.
Default = DES
DES, blank: Results are only output in the
design history simulations.

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Results are output

NONE> blank:
Default = YES
Comments
1. When the DENSITY command is not present, density results are output.
2. Density results are only available for topology optimizations.
3. Outputting the density results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on
the density iso-surface in HyperView.
4. The frequency of this output is controlled by the DESIGN keyword on an OUTPUT definition
or, if no OUTPUT definition exists with the DESIGN keyword, by the DENSRES I/O option.
6. Density results are reported as element strain energy in the .op2 file.
dominates.

DESGLB
I/O Options Entry
DESGLB – Constraint Selection
Description
The DESGLB command can be used in the I/O Options section, before the first subcase
statement, to select a constraint set that is not subcase dependent.
Format
DESGLB = integer
integer < SID > SID: Set identification of a DCONSTR or DCONADD bulk
data entry.
No default
Comments
1. The constrained response referenced by the DESGLB constraint selection must not be
subcase dependent.
2. Only one DESGLB entry can be defined in the I/O options section for the entire model.
3. This entry is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.

DESHIS
I/O Options Entry
DESHIS - Output Control
Description
The DESHIS command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the creation of the
optimization history file .hgdata.
Format
DESHIS = option
option <YES, ALL, NO> YES, ALL, blank: .hgdata file is created.
Default = YES
NO: .hgdata is not created.
Comments
1. When the DESHIS command is not present, the .hgdata file is created.

DGLOBAL
I/O Options Entry
DGLOBAL - Input Definition
Description
The DGLOBAL command can be used in the I/O Options section to activate the Global Search
Option (GSO).
Format
DGLOBAL = n
n (Integer > 0) Identification of a DGLOBAL bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. This command must reference a DGLOBAL bulk data entry to run GSO.
2. This data can exist only once in the I/O section.
3. This command activates a global search algorithm to run an optimization of user-defined

design variables from multiple starting points.

DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT - Output Request
Description
The DISPLACEMENT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request displacement vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
DISPLACEMENT (sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput,modal,complex
eigenvalue analysis) = option
sorting <SORT1, SORT2> This argument only applies to the PUNCH format (.pch
file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for
Default = blank normal modes, frequency response, and transient
subcases. It will be ignored without warning if used
elsewhere.
SORT1: Results for each frequency/timestep are

grouped together.

grouped together (See comment 9).
blank: For frequency response analysis, if no

grid SET is specified, SORT1 is used,
otherwise, SORT2 is used; for transient
analysis, SORT2 is used.
format <HM, H3D, OPTI, HM: Results are output in HyperMesh results
PUNCH,OP2, format (.res file).
PATRAN, HG,
APATRAN, PLOT, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format
blank> (.h3d file).
Default = blank OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct results

format (.disp file).



PATRAN: Results are output in Patran format

(multiple files).

presentation format (_freq.mvw file and
_tran.mvw file) – see OUTPUT keywords
HGFREQ and HGTRANS.
APATRAN: Results are output in Alternative Patran

format (multiple files).
PLOT: Results are output in Nastran output2

format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is
defined in the bulk data section.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in the bulk

data section, this format allows the form
for complex results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output without having other
output.
blank: Results are output in all active formats

for which the result is available.
form <COMPLEX, COMPLEX (HM Provides a combined magnitude/phase

REAL, IMAG, only), blank: form of complex output to the .res file
PHASE, BOTH> for the HM output format.
Default (HM REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real and

only) = COMPLEX imaginary) of complex output (See
comment 10).
Default (all other
formats) = REAL PHASE: Provides polar format (magnitude and
phase) of complex output. Phase
output is in degrees (See comment
10).
BOTH (HM only): Provides both polar and rectangular

formats of complex output.

rotations <ROTA, NOROTA> ROTA: Rotational displacement results are

output. Only works with H3D and HM
Default = output streams. Rotations are always
NOROTA output with translations for other
output streams.
NOROTA: Rotational displacement results are not

output. Only works with H3D and HM
output streams. Rotations are always
output with translations for other
output streams.
random <PSDF, RMS> PSDF: Requests PSD and RMS results from
random response analysis to be output.
No default
Only valid for the H3D format. The
"RMS over Frequencies" output is at
the end of the Random results.

peakoutput <PEAKOUT> PEAKOUT: If PEAKOUT is present, only the filtered

frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will
Default = Blank be considered for this output.
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present, displacements of

the structural modes and residual
Default = Blank vectors are output to the PUNCH and
OUTPUT2 files for modal frequency
response and transient analysis.

complex <UNSTABLE> UNSTABLE: If UNSTABLE is present, the

eigenvalue displacement results from the unstable
Default = Blank
analysis modes (only) of a complex eigenvalue
analysis are output.
Blank: Displacement results are output for all

modes by default (See comment 1).
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Displacement is output for all grids.
NONE, SID>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Displacement is not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, displacement is

output only for grids listed in that set.
Comments
1. When DISPLACEMENT command is not present, displacement is output for all grids for all
subcases, except for frequency response subcases.
dominates.
7. Rotation results are output in radians.
8. For normal modes output, if there is USET U6 data the static residual displacement
vectors associated with the USET U6, DOF are also output to the PUNCH, H3D, and
OUTPUT2 files.

11. The four-letter abbreviation DISP is interchangeable with DISPLACEMENT.
format (.op2 file).

DMIGNAME
I/O Options Entry
DMIGNAME - Reduced Matrix Name Definition
Description
The DMIGNAME command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the name given to
the reduced matrices written to an external data file.
Format
DMIGNAME = mtxname
mtxname <up to 6 The name given to the reduced matrices written to an

characters> external data file, when PARAM, EXTOUT is present in
the bulk data section.
Default = AX
If PARAM, EXTOUT, DMIGPCH is used, then the file
outfile_mtxname.pch is created.
If PARAM,EXTOUT, DMIGBIN is used, then the file

outfile_mtxname.dmg is created.
Both files contain the matrices:
KAmtxname - reduced stiffness matrix

MAmtxname - reduced mass matrix
Pmtxname - reduced loading matrix
Note: The reduced mass matrix is only output if an
eigenvalue subcase is present in the input file
and the reduced loading matrix is only output if a
linear static subcase is present in the input file.
Comments
1. When a DMIGNAME command is not present, AX is used for mtxname.
2. Only one occurrence of DMIGNAME is permitted.
3. DMIGNAME must appear before the first subcase.
4. See Direct Matrix Approach in the User's Guide for more detailed usage information.

DSA
DSA - Design Sensitivity Analysis Output Request
Description
The DSA command can be used in the I/O Options section to request Design Sensitivity
Analysis results in a frequency response analysis.
Format
DSA (TYPE, PEAKOUT, PROPERTY) = SID
Examples
DSA(DISP,PROPERTY)=12
DSA(VELO,PEAKOUT)=45
DSA(ACCE,PEAKOUT,SCALE)=23
TYPE <DISP,PRES,VELO The options are Displacement, Pressure, Velocity and

,ACCE> Acceleration respectively.
Default = DISP
PEAKOUT Default = blank If PEAKOUT is present inside the parentheses of the DSA
entry, the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT card
will be considered for DSA results.
PROPERTY Default = blank If the “PROPERTY” flag is present:

This indicates that design sensitivities represent the
change in design response due to a change in design
properties (instead of design variables).
If the “PROPERTY” flag is not present:

This indicates that design sensitivities represent the
change in design response due to a change in design
variables.

SID <SID> SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC.
Comments
dominates. If this entry is defined above the first subcase then it is applied to all
subcases. If it is defined within a specific subcase then it is applied to that subcase only.
2. If the input deck doesn't contain any optimization data (apart from DESVAR’s), then a
MASS objective function is automatically created along with responses and constraints
corresponding to the DSA request. If the input deck contains a valid optimization setup,
then it's augmented with the DSA request.
3. In the H3D file, the "SCALE" value is only printed when the PROPERTY argument is not
present within the parentheses of the DSA entry. The sensitivities are pre-scaled when
the PROPERTY argument is present in the DSA entry, so the scaling factor is not required
in the H3D file.
4. OUTPUT, H3DSENS can be used to include (or exclude) user-defined responses in the DSA
output. The table below lists the sensitivities that are output for each option.
Sensitivities output from a

Sensitivities requested via complete Optimization setup
Output the DSA output request (User-defined/specified
(responses are
automatically defined)
responses via DRESP1,
DRESP2, DRESP3)
OUTPUT, H3DSENS, USER Yes Yes
OUTPUT, H3DSENS, NOUSER Yes No
5. Design variables and their corresponding design properties must be defined in the input
deck if sensitivity output is requested through the DSA entry.

ECHO/ECHOON/ECHOOFF
I/O Options Entry
ECHO - Output Control

ECHOON - Output Control
ECHOOFF - Output Control
Description
The ECHO command can be used in the I/O Options section causing the output of the
interpreted forms of subcase information and bulk data entries to the .out file.
The ECHOON command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections causing the (verbatim) output of any subsequent I/O options, subcase information,
or bulk data entries to the .out file until an ECHOOFF command is encountered.
The ECHOOFF command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections suppressing the output of any subsequent I/O options, subcase information, or bulk
data entries to the .out file until and ECHOON command is encountered.
Format
ECHO = option1
ECHOON = option2
ECHOOFF
Example
ECHO = SORT(EIGR,EIGRL,ASET1,SPOINT,PARAM,SPC1,SPCADD,MPCADD,
DLOAD,RLOAD2,DAREA,DPHASE,FREQ1,TABLED1,TABDMP1)
option1 <SHORT, PUNCH, SHORT: Only entries having less than 20

{cardname}, EXCEPT instances are echoed to the .out
{cardname}, blank> file.
<MAT, PROP, ELEM> PUNCH: Writes interpreted echo of all

bulk data entries to the .echo
Default = blank file.
{cardname}: Only bulk data entries with the

given {cardname} are echoed to
the .out file.

EXCEPT Only bulk data entries with the

{cardname}: given {cardname} are not
echoed.
blank: Writes interpreted forms of all

subcase information and bulk
data entries to the .out file.
MAT, PROP, Adds all cards of the specified

ELEM: class to the list for ECHO.
Option2 <PARSED> PARSED: Bulk data entries are converted

to free format (comma
Default = blank separated) before echoing.
blank: Bulk data entries are echoed

verbatim.
Comments
1. When an ECHO command is not present, no input information is echoed.
2. The interpreted echo always includes SUBCASE cards (solution related), but not output
control cards.
3. The cards are organized within groups, for example, optimization cards appear after model
definition cards, and most cards are sorted by their numerical IDs.
4. The interpreted echo may contain some cards that are automatically generated or
converted during reading (for example, a CQUADR card shows as CQUAD4, or a CMASS1 card
shows as a CMASS3 when only scalar points are referenced). Unreferenced cards may not
show in the printout. PARAM,DOPTRM,OSDIAG will not be shown.
5. ECHO will be produced from internal representation of each card, thus it will be
equivalent, but not identical to the input:
For most of the optional fields, the blank from input will be printed in ECHO as default
value.
Fields which are not recognized or not used by OptiStruct are left blank.
Some values which would generate warning on the input will be printed after
adjustment.
Optional continuation cards may be printed even if they did not appear in the input.

6. The interpreted echo is always printed using a fixed field format (8 character fields)
except GRID and DMIG cards, which are printed using free format (comma separated
fields) with 10 decimal digits accuracy. Note that the use of IDs larger than 99,999,999
is allowed, but ECHO will not be usable in these cases as such IDs cannot be printed in
fixed format.
DMIG cards are usually very large and are not shown in the interpreted echo. Adding the
card:
OSDIAG,167,1
anywhere in the control section will force full printout of DMIG cards if the interpreted
echo is requested.
7. {cardname} contains the list of all cards which are to be included in the interpreted echo
(or excluded, if EXCEPT keyword is present). This list may contain ELEM, MAT, or PROP
keywords, which is equivalent to listing all valid element, material, or property names,
respectively.
8. Multiple ECHO cards are allowed; all parameters of these cards are accumulated in the
order in which they are input. EXCEPT may appear anywhere (for example, before or after
{cardname} list) and may be repeated on multiple cards.
9. ECHOON / ECHOOFF cards may appear in any section of the input deck.
10. All comment cards, empty cards, and characters after the $ character on any card will
not be printed in any ECHO format.
11. The .echo file generated when 'ECHO = PUNCH' is defined represents a copy of the input
deck in a form suitable to use for another solution which, when used with the same
Subcase Information and I/O Options entries, should generate identical results (round off
error may be noticeable if the original input deck uses large field format). However, in
some cases, the ECHO may require manual editing before being acceptable as input for
OptiStruct. In particular, some optimization cards may be printed with information already
modified internally, and they will be not correct. Also some cards with a negative ID may
be printed in ECHO; those cards are automatically generated internally to OptiStruct, and
should simply be deleted.

EDE
EDE - Output Request
Description
The EDE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
element energy loss per cycle and element energy loss per cycle density output for all
subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
EDE (format_list, type, dmig) = option
format <HM, H3D, HM: Results are output in HyperMesh

PUNCH, OP2, results format (.res file).
PLOT, blank>
H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format
Default = blank (.h3d file).




type <AVERAGE, AVERAGE: In frequency response analysis average

AMPLITUDE, energy is output.
PEAK>
AMPLITUDE: In frequency response analysis the
Default = amplitude of energy is output.
AVERAGE
PEAK: In frequency response analysis the
see Comment 7
peak energy is output. This is the sum
of AVERAGE and AMPLITUDE.

dmig <DMIG, NODMIG> DMIG: Results are provided for external

superelements in the .out file.
Default =
NODMIG
NODMIG: Results are not provided for external
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Element damping energy and damping
NONE, SID> blank: energy density are output for all
elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Element damping energy and damping
energy density are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, element damping

energy and damping energy density are
output only for elements listed in that
set.
Comments
1. When an EDE command is not present, element damping energy and damping energy
density is not output.
2. Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of element energy loss per cycle and
element energy loss per cycle density.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for information on
which results are available in which formats.
dominates.
6. Type only applies to frequency response analysis.
7. There are three ways to calculate the Element Damping Energy in Frequency Response
Analysis. They are listed as follows:

Type of Output Formula
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Elemental Energy
{Ur } = Displacement (Real Part)
{Ui } = Displacement (Imaginary Part)
[Be ] = Elemental Damping
format (.op2 file).

EIGVNAME
I/O Options Entry
EIGVNAME - Filename Prefix Definition
Description
The EIGVNAME command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the prefix to be
used for external eigenvalue data files (.eigv).
Format
EIGVNAME = prefix
prefix The prefix to be used for the saving and retrieval of external eigenvalue
data files.
The external eigenvalue data file name is of the form <prefix>_#.eigv,

where <prefix> is defined here, # is the integer argument of the
EIGVSAVE subcase information entry or one of the integer arguments of
the EIGVRETRIEVE subcase information entry.
Comments
1. When an EIGVNAME command is not present, the OUTFILE prefix definition is used. If
OUTFILE is not defined, the prefix of the input file is used.
2. Only one occurrence of EIGVNAME is permitted.
3. EIGVNAME must appear before the first subcase.
4. The total length of information on this card is limited to 200 characters (including the card
name and spaces between arguments). This data can be on a single line or span multiple
continuation lines. See Guidelines for I/O Options and Subcase Information Entries for an
example showing how to enter long file names on multiple lines.
5. Prefixes specified on the EIGVNAME card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
appropriate to the operating system (Windows or UNIX). They may be enclosed in quotes
(double or single quotes can be used), and either forward slash (/) or back slash (\)
characters can be used to separate parts of the path name.
OptiStruct uses the following rules for the EIGVNAME card:
When the argument contains an absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), OptiStruct creates .eigv
files at the given location.

When only the file prefix is given (without the path), .eigv files will be created in the
current directory, meaning the directory from which OptiStruct has been executed, and
NOT in the directory where the input file is located.
When the argument contains a relative path (../filename or sub/filename, for
example), .eigv files will be created in a directory relative to where OptiStruct is
executed and NOT relative to the directory where the input file is located.

EKE
EKE - Output Request
Description
The EKE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
EKE (format_list, type, dmig, peakoutput) = option

PLOT, blank>





PEAK>
Default = AMPLITUDE: In frequency response analysis the
AVERAGE amplitude of energy is output.
see Comment 7

dmig <DMIG, DMIG: Results are provided for external

NODMIG> superelements in the .out file.
Default = NODMIG: Results are not provided for external

NODMIG

Default = blank be considered for this output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Element kinetic energy and kinetic
elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Element kinetic energy and kinetic
SID: If a set ID is given, element kinetic

energy and kinetic energy density are
set.
Comments
1. When an EKE command is not present, element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density
is not output.
2. Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of kinetic energy and kinetic energy
density.
dominates.

7. There are three ways to calculate the Element Kinetic Energy in Frequency Response
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Element Energy
{vr } = Real part of Velocity
{vi } = Imaginary part of Velocity
[Me] = Element Mass
format (.op2 file).

ENERGY
ENERGY - Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The ENERGY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request energy output for all geometric nonlinear analysis subcases or individual geometric
nonlinear analysis subcases respectively.
Format
ENERGY (format, type) = option
format <H3D, blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format

(.h3d file).
Default = blank
type
<ALL, ENERG, ALL: All energy results are output.
HOURG>
Default = ALL ENERG: All energy results without hourglass
energy are output.
HOURG: Hourglass energy only is output.
option
<YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Energy results are output for all
NONE, SID, blank: elements.
PSID>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Energy results are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, energy results are

set.

PSID: If a property set ID is given, energy

results for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set are
output.
Comments
1. ENERGY is only applicable for geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry. It is ignored for all other
subcases.
use on this card.
dominates.

ERP
ERP - Output Request
Description
The ERP command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
equivalent radiated power output for all subcases or individual subcases, respectively.
Format
ERP (format_list, grid) = option
format <H3D, PUNCH, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
blank> file).
Default = blank
PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch results
format (.pch file).

grid <GRID> GRID: Output the contribution of each grid in

addition to the ERP results for the PANEL,
Default = blank defined by ERPPNL or PANELG (TYPE=ERP).
This is a normal velocity squared for each
grid specified in the panel definition.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Equivalent radiated power is output for all
NONE> blank: panels.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Equivalent radiated power is not output.
Comments

dominates.
4. In addition to the ERP values, the following results are output to the .pch file: total ERP
over the loading frequencies, fraction of the total ERP at each loading frequency, and ERP
expressed in decibels ERBdB = 10 * log 10 (ERP) at each loading frequency.
5. The ERP is calculated as half the normal velocity squared of each grid multiplied by the
associated area of each grid on the panel. The parameters for the speed of sound
(ERPC), fluid density (ERPRHO), and radiation loss factor (ERPRLF) are used in the
calculation of ERP using the formula below.
6. The calculation of ERP in decibels (dB) is performed using the PARAM data RHOCP and
ERPREFDB in the equation below. ERPREFDB is the reference value in dB and RHOCP is the
scale factor:
7. At least one of the bulk data entries ERPPNL or PANELG (TYPE=ERP) needs to be
specified, if the ERP Output Request is used.

ESE
ESE - Output Request
Description
The ESE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
strain energy and strain energy density output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
ESE (format_list, type, dmig, peakoutput) = option

PLOT, blank>



format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST
is defined in the bulk data section.


PEAK>
AMPLITUDE: In frequency response analysis the
Default = amplitude of energy is output.
AVERAGE
See Comment 7

dmig <DMIG, NODMIG> DMIG: Results are provided for external

Default =
NODMIG
NODMIG: Results are not provided for external

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Element strain energy and strain
elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Element strain energy and strain
SID: If a set ID is given, element strain

energy and strain energy density are
set.
Comments
1. When an ESE command is not present, element strain energy and strain energy density is
not output.
2. Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of strain energy and strain energy
density.
dominates.

7. There are three ways to calculate the Element Strain Energy in Frequency Response
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Elemental Energy
{u r } = Displacement (Real Part)
{u i } = Displacement (Imaginary Part)
[Ke] = Elemental Stiffness
format (.op2 file).

FLUX
FLUX – Output Request
Description
The FLUX command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request temperature gradient and flux output for all steady-state heat transfer analysis
subcases, transient heat transfer analysis subcases or individual heat transfer analysis
subcases, respectively.
Format
FLUX (format_list) = option
format <PUNCH, OP2, PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch results
H3D, PLOT, format (.pch file).
blank>
OP2: Results are output in Nastran output2 format
Default = blank (.op2 file) (see comment 5).
PLOT: Results are output in Nastran output2 format

(.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is defined in the
bulk data section.
H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d file).

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Flux results are output for all valid elements.
NONE, SID> blank:
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Flux results are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, flux results are output only

for elements referenced by that set.

Comments
1. When the FLUX command is not present, flux results are not output.
2. Flux output is only available for steady-state heat transfer analysis and transient heat
transfer analysis solution sequences.
the results available and their respective formats.
dominates.
format (.op2 file).

FORCE/ELFORCE
FORCE - Output Request
Description
The FORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request element force output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
FORCE (sorting, format_list, form, type, location, random, peakoutput, modal)
= option
sorting <SORT1, SORT2> This argument only applies to the PUNCH

format (.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2
Default = blank file) output for normal modes, frequency
response, and transient subcases. It will be
ignored without warning if used elsewhere.


8).

if no element SET is specified,
SORT1 is used, otherwise, SORT2
is used; for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT, result format (.res file).
blank>

results format (.force file).



comment 11).

bulk data section.

the bulk data section, this format
allows the form for complex
results to be defined for XYPUNCH
output without having other
output.

available.

format.
Default (HM only) =
COMPLEX REAL, IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real
and imaginary) of complex
Default (all other output.
formats) = REAL
PHASE: Provides polar format (phase and
magnitude) of complex output.
BOTH (HM Provides both rectangular and

only): polar formats of complex output.
type <TENSOR, DIRECT> TENSOR: Force results are output for all
solution sequences in which force
Default = TENSOR
results are supported. The Tensor

format is used for H3D output

(See comment 9).
DIRECT: Force results are output for all

solution sequences in which force
results are supported. The Direct
format is used for H3D output
(See comment 9).
location <CENTER, CUBIC, CENTER: Element forces for shell and solid
SGAGE, CORNER, elements are output at the
BILIN> element center only.
Default = CENTER
CUBIC: Element forces for shell elements
are output at the element center
and grid points using the strain
gage approach with cubic bending
correction.
SGAGE: Element forces for shell elements

are output at the element center
and grid points using the strain
gage approach.
CORNER or Element forces for shell elements

BILIN: are output at the element center
and at the grid points using
bilinear extrapolation.

from random response analysis to
No default be output for CBUSH elements
only.
Only valid for H3D format. The

"RMS over Frequencies" output is
at the end of the Random results
in the .h3d file.

response analysis to be output
for CBUSH elements only.


for this output.
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present, element

forces of the structural modes
Default = blank
and residual vectors are output
to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2 files
for modal frequency response and
transient analysis.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Element force is output for all
NONE, SID> blank: valid elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Force is not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, force is

output only for valid elements
listed in that set.
Comments
1. When neither FORCE nor ELFORCE commands are present, force is not output.
2. FORCE results are available for ELAS (CELAS1, CELAS2, CELAS3, CELAS4), ROD (CROD),
BAR (CBAR, CBEAM), BUSH (CBUSH), PLATE (CQUAD, CTRIA), GAP (CGAP), FASTENER
(CFAST)*, VISCOUS DAMPER (CVISC), SCALAR DAMPER (CDAMP1, CDAMP2, CDAMP3,
CDAMP4) and WELD (CWELD) elements.
* CFAST elements or their corresponding force results are available for post-processing in
HyperView only if the .fem file is loaded as a model (procedure used in comment 9).
3. The form argument is only applicable for frequency response analysis. It is ignored in
other instances.

dominates.
9. Vector and Tensor plots of some element force results (weld, beam/bar and gap
elements) are available for post-processing in HyperView only if the .fem file is loaded in
the Load Model field and the results file is loaded in the Load Results field (below is an
example illustration of the HyperView Load model and results: panel).
Make sure that the Advanced option is selected from the Result Math Template: menu.
10. For shell elements force results are given as force/unit length.
format (.op2 file).

FORMAT
I/O Options Entry
FORMAT - Output Control
Description
The FORMAT command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate the format in which
results are to be output.
Format
FORMAT = option
option <ASCII, OS, OPTI, OPTI, OS, ASCII: OptiStruct ASCII results
HM, HYPER, BOTH, files are output.
H3D, FLX, NASTRAN,
PUNCH, PATRAN, HM, HYPER: The HyperMesh binary
APATRAN, O2, results file (.res file) is
OUT2, OP2, PLOT, output.
NONE>
BOTH: Same as defining both HM
Default = FLX and OPTI.
H3D: Hyper3D binary results file

(.h3d file) and an HTML
report (.html file) are
output.
FLX: Same as defining both HM

and H3D.
NASTRAN, PUNCH: The Nastran punch file

format (.pch file) is
output.
PATRAN, PATRAN: A number of Patran ASCII

results files are output.
APATRAN outputs the
same files using an
alternative file naming
convention.
O2, OUT2, OP2: Nastran binary output2 file

format (.op2 file) is output

(see comment 4).
PLOT: Results are output in

Nastran output2 format
(.op2 file) when PARAM,
POST is defined in the bulk
data section.
NONE: Analysis output is not

required. Cannot be used
in combination with other
FORMAT commands.
Comments
1. Information provided on OUTPUT entries takes precedence over information provided on

FORMAT entries. If neither of these entries are defined, the output formats defined in the
OptiStruct Configuration File are used. If no format is defined by the OptiStruct
configuration file, then both the HM and H3D formats are active by default.
2. Multiple FORMAT commands are allowed.
3. It is recommended to use the OUTPUT command instead of the FORMAT command since it is
more flexible and allows different frequencies of output for different formats during an
optimization.
format (.op2 file).

FOS
FOS – Output Request
Description
The FOS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
fatigue factor of safety output for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases.
Format
FOS (format_list) = option
format <H3D,OPTI, blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
file).
Default = blank
OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct results format
(.fat file).

option <YES,ALL,NO, YES,ALL, Results are output for all elements.

NONE,SID,PSID> blank:
Default = ALL NO,NONE: Results are not output.
SID: If a set ID is provided, results are output only

for elements listed in that set.
Comments
1. When a FOS command is not present, fatigue FOS results are not output.
2. Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry; these should separated by a comma. If
no format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT
or FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct
for information on which results are available, in which formats.
dominates.

GPFORCE
GPFORCE - Output Request
Description
The GPFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point force balance output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
GPFORCE (format_list, elem, form, peakoutput, modal) = option
format <H3D, OPTI, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
PUNCH, OP2, file).
PLOT, blank>
Default = blank format (.gpf file).

format (.pch file).

(.op2 file) (see comment 9).

(.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is defined in
the bulk data section.
elem <ELEM, NOELEM: GPFORCE results in the H3D output file will
(H3D only) NOELEM> not include element contributions. However,
the TOTAL value for each GRID includes the
Default = element contributions.
NOELEM
ELEM: GPFORCE results in the H3D output file
includes element contributions.
form <REAL, IMAG, REAL, IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real and
PHASE> imaginary) of complex output.

Default = REAL PHASE: Provides polar format (phase and magnitude)

of complex output.

frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be
Default = blank considered for this output.
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present, grid point forces of the

structural modes and residual vectors are
Default = blank
output to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2 files for
modal frequency response and transient
analysis.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Grid point force balance is output for all
NONE, SID> blank: elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Grid point force balance is not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, grid point force balance

is output only for nodes listed in that set.
Comments
1. When a GPFORCE command is not present, grid point force balance is not output.
2. GPFORCE output is available for the following solution sequences:
Solution Sequences Output Formats
Static Analysis H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT
Normal Modes Analysis H3D, OP2, PCH
Direct Frequency Response Analysis H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT
Modal Frequency Response Analysis H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT

other instances.
dominates.
7. GPFORCE in .op2 output can only be post-processed with the Free Body Diagram (FBD)
tools in HyperMesh.
8. GPFORCE in .h3d output is specifically added for the load transfer path analysis with
NVDirector. It is only available for linear static, frequency response, and acoustic
analyses.
format (.op2 file).

GPKE
GPKE - Output Request for Grid Point Kinetic Energy
Description
The GPKE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point kinetic energy output for normal modes subcases.
Format
GPKE (format_list) = option
format <PUNCH, blank> PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch results
format (.pch file).
Default = blank
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: GPKE results are output for all elements.
NONE, SID>
NO, NONE: GPKEs results are not output.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, GPKE results are output

only for grids listed in that set.
Comments
1. Grid point kinetic energy is written in % of the total kinetic energy of all grids in the
structure. Therefore, GPKE results for each grid are the same regardless of the requested
option (ALL, YES, or SID).
2. Note that if the coupled mass matrix is used (PARAM,COUPMASS,YES), then the results at
each GRID are influenced by all GRID connected to that GRID. Using a diagonal mass
matrix formulation (PARAM,COUPMASS,NO) provides more meaningful results.
3. For large problems solved using EIGRA, run times increase if GPKE=ALL or a coupled mass
matrix (PARAM,COUPMASS,YES) is specified, as the entire eigenvector for each mode
must be calculated and stored.

GPSTRESS/GSTRESS
GPSTRESS - Output Request
Description
The GPSTRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point stresses output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
GPSTRESS (format_list, averaging, type) = option
format <HM, H3D, PUNCH, HM: Results are output in

OP2, blank> HyperMesh results format
(.res file).
Default = blank
H3D: Results are output in
Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
PUNCH: Results are output in

Nastran punch format (.pch
file).
OP2: Results are output in

blank: Results are output in all

active formats for which the
result is available.
averaging <GLOBAL, BYPROP> GLOBAL: Only the globally averaged

GPSTRESS results are output.
Default = BYPROP
BYPROP, blank: Both the globally averaged

GPSTRESS results and the
GPSTRESS results averaged
by property for each
property are output.

type <VON, PRINC, MAXS, VON: Only von Mises Stress

SHEAR, ALL, results are output.
TENSOR, DIRECT>
PRINC, MAXS, The von Mises and maximum
Default = ALL SHEAR: principal stress results are
output.
ALL, blank: All stress results are

output.
TENSOR: All stress results are output.

Tensor format is used for
H3D output.
DIRECT: All stress results are output.

Direct format is used for
H3D output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Grid point stresses output
NONE, SID> for all elements.
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Grid point stresses are not

output.
SID: If a set ID is given, grid

point stresses are output
only for nodes listed in that
set.
Comments
1. When a GPSTRESS command is not present, grid point stresses are not output.
2. Grid point stresses are only available for solid elements.
3. Grid point stresses are not available for elements which form part of a topology design
space. When an analysis only run is performed, grid point stresses are available for all
solid elements. When PARAM, REANAL is used, grid point stress contributions are only
calculated for fully dense elements.

dominates.
7. Grid point stresses are output for the entire model and for each individual PSOLID
component. This allows grid point stresses to be accurately obtained at the interface of
two components referencing different material definitions.
format (.op2 file).

HISOUT
I/O Options Entry
HISOUT - Output Control
Description
The HISOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the amount of data
printed to the .hgdata file.
Format
HISOUT = option
option <Integer <32> HISOUT value is equal to the sum of the desired options:
Default = 31 1: Design variable.
2: Objective function and maximum percent constraint

violation.
4: All non-stress responses.
8: All DRESP2 responses.
If blank: no output to .hgdata file.
Example:
If you wanted design variables and all DRESP2 responses,
you would enter:
HISOUT = 9
Comments
1. When a HISOUT command is not present, a value of 31 is assumed.

HYBDAMP
I/O Options Entry
HYBDAMP – Apply Hybrid Damping to the Residual Structure in a Direct or Transient

Frequency Response Analysis
Description
The HYBDAMP command can be used in the I/O Options section to request modal damping as a
function of the natural frequency of the model in Dynamic Analysis.
Format
HYBDAMP = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of HYBDAMP in bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. HYBDAMP can be set at the global level in the I/O Options section. It can exist only once
in the I/O Options section.

INCLUDE
I/O Options and Bulk Data Entry
INCLUDE - File Selection
Description
The INCLUDE command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections to indicate that the contents of another file are to be inserted into the input file at
the exact location of the include command.
Format
INCLUDE option
option <filename> filename: the path to and the name of the file to be
included.
No default
Comments
1. INCLUDE commands may be placed at any location in the input file, but must include
information appropriate to that location.
2. Names specified on the INCLUDE card can be arbitrary file names with optional paths
The following rules are used to locate a file referenced on the INCLUDE card:
When the argument contains the absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), the file at the given location
is used.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), the file has to be located in the
same directory as the file containing the INCLUDE command.

example), it is located in the directory relative to the file containing the INCLUDE
command and is NOT relative to the directory in which the solver was executed, or to
the directory where the main file is located.
3. The INCLUDE command supports path names of up to 200 characters in length. This data
can be on a single line or span multiple continuation lines. See Guidelines for I/O Options
and Subcase Information Entries for an example showing how to enter long file names on
multiple lines.
4. Represented through the master model in HyperMesh.

LIFE
LIFE – Output Request
Description
The LIFE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request output of fatigue life results for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases
respectively.
Format
LIFE (format_list) = option
format <H3D, OPTI, blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
file).
Default = blank
format (.fat file).

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Results are output for all elements.
NONE, SID> blank:
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, results are output only

for elements listed in that set.
Comments
1. When a LIFE command is not present, fatigue life results are not output.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct for
information on which results are available in which formats.
dominates.

LOADLIB
I/O Options Entry
LOADLIB - External Library and File Reference
Description
The LOADLIB entry can be used in the I/O Options section to define the external libraries and
external files to be loaded into OptiStruct. External functions can be implemented within
dynamic libraries (.dll) under Windows, shared libraries (.so) under Linux, by using
HyperMath (.hml) on Windows and Linux, and external files by using Microsoft Excel (.xls or
.xlsx) on Windows.
Format
LOADLIB = type, group, path
type <DRESP3> TYPE identifier that defines the type of library(or

file) to be loaded into OptiStruct. Currently only
No default one type implemented - DRESP3.
group <Character string> GROUP identifier that is referenced by a DRESP3

bulk data entry.
No default
path <Path including file The path to the external shared or dynamic
name and extension> library to be loaded.
No default
Comments
1. Absolute paths (those starting with a drive letter or a slash) will be used as they are
defined on the LOADLIB card. Relative library or file paths will be appended to the path
corresponding to the input deck's location.

MBFORCE
I/O Options Entry
MBFORCE – Output Control
Description
The MBFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request force output for a
set of joints and/or force elements from multi-body dynamics subcases.
Format
MBFORCE = option
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Force is output for all joints and
NONE, SID> force elements.
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Forces are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, forces are output only

for joints and force elements listed in that set.
Note: Joints and force elements may share IDs.

When MBFORCE is requested for a SET,
force results are output for all entities
whose ID is part of the SET definition.
Comments
1. When MBFORCE is not present, force results for joints and force elements are not output.
2. The force results for selected joints and force elements are output to the .mrf file.

MECHCHECK
I/O Options Entry
MECHCHECK - Massless Mechanism Check
Description
The MECHCHECK command can be used in the I/O options section to perform a massless
mechanism check on the model.
Format
MECHCHECK
Comments
1. Running the normal mode analysis by adding MECHCHECK helps detect the massless
mechanism where the massless mechanism shows up as rigid body modes.
2. A massless mechanism occurs due to degrees of freedom that do not possess both
stiffness and mass. To find such degrees of freedom, a small amount of mass is added to
the mass matrix so that the massless mechanism shows up as a rigid body mode (the
stiffness matrix K is still zero but the mass matrix M becomes non-zero) in normal modes
analysis. This is the reason why you have to set the lower bound on the EIGRL bulk data
entry to blank or zero when MECHCHECK is used.
3. The analysis results with this card cannot be used since the model is changed internally.
It can only be used to find the massless mechanism. The message “RESULTS FROM THIS
SOLVER RUN ARE INACCURATE AS IT IS IN MECHCHECK MODE” is also displayed in the .out
file when MECHCHECK is included in the I/O Options section of the solver deck.
4. MECHCHECK results (in the .out file) include a list of rigid body modes in the following
format:
ANALYSIS RESULTS:
------------------
ITERATION #
Rigid Modes in Eigenvalue Loadcase: #
-----------------------------------------------------
Mode Grid No. Type x-comp y-comp z-comp
-----------------------------------------------------
1 ## Tran ## ### ###
2 ## Rotn ## ### ###
… …. … etc … … …
-----------------------------------------------------

MODALDE
I/O Options Entry
MODALDE – Output Request
Description
The MODALDE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal damping energy (the energy loss per cycle) output for all subcases or
individual subcases respectively. Note that this modal damping energy only includes the
energy contribution from viscous dampers. Structural damping and modal damping are not
included.
Format
MODALDE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
format <H3D, blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
file).
Default = blank
thresh <Real> Specifies an absolute threshold under which results should

not be output.
No default
rthresh <Real> Specifies a relative threshold under which results should

not be output. This value is relative to the corresponding
No default total modal energy.
topn <Integer> Specifies that only the top N values should be output.
No default
type <AVERAGE, AVERAGE: The average of the energy is output.

AMPLITUDE, PEAK>

Default = AVERAGE AMPLITUDE: The amplitude of the energy is output.
PEAK: The peak energy is output. This is the sum

mset <ALL, SID, ALL: Modal energy is output for all modes.
TOTAL>
SID: If a set ID is given, modal energy is output
Default = ALL
only for modes listed in that set.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Modal energy is output for all modes.
NONE> blank:
Default = ALL
Comments
1. When MODALDE command is not present, modal damping energy is not output.
2. Modal damping energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
dominates.
6. Note that this modal damping energy only includes the energy contribution from viscous
dampers. Structural damping and modal damping are not included.

MODALKE
I/O Options Entry
MODALKE – Output Request
Description
The MODALKE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal kinetic energy output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
MODALKE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
file).
Default = blank

not be output.
No default

No default

AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AMPLITUDE: The amplitude of the energy is output.
Default = AVERAGE

PEAK: The peak energy is output. This is the sum

TOTAL>
Default = ALL

NONE> blank:
Default = ALL
Comments
1. When MODALKE command is not present, modal kinetic energy is not output.
2. Modal kinetic energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
dominates.

MODALSE
I/O Options Entry
MODALSE – Output Request
Description
The MODALSE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal strain energy output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
MODALSE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
file).
Default = blank

not be output.
No default

No default

AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AMPLITUDE: The amplitude of the energy is output.
Default = AVERAGE

PEAK: The peak energy is output. This is the

sum of AVERAGE and AMPLITUDE.
TOTAL>
Default = ALL

NONE> blank:
Default = ALL
Comments
1. When MODALSE command is not present, modal strain energy is not output.
2. Modal strain energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
dominates.

MODEL
I/O Options Entry
MODEL - Output Control
Description
The MODEL command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of only a
subset of the model and related results for H3D and OUTPUT results files as well as for CMS
superelements.
Format
MODEL = elset, gridset, rigidset
elset <SID, PLOTEL, SID: ID of an element SET. A set of elements that

ALL, NONE> describe the subset of the model for which results
and model information is to be output. All GRID
Default and SPOINT associated with these elements will
(analysis run) = also be output.
ALL
PLOTEL: All PLOTELs in the model and their associated
Default (CMS SE GRID will be output.
creation) =
NONE ALL: All elements in the model and their associated
GRID will be output.
NONE: No elements.
gridset <SID, ALL, SID: SID of a SET. A set of grids to be added to the
NONE> subset associated with the preceding elset field.
Default = NONE ALL: All grids.
NONE: No grids are added to the subset described by

the preceding elset field.
rigidset <RIGID/ALL, RIGID/ All rigid elements and their associated GRID will be
NORIGID/NONE, ALL: output.
SID>
Default
(analysis run)
=RIGID/ALL

Default (CMS SE
NORIGID/ No rigid elements will be output.
creation) = NONE:
NORIGID/NONE
SID: ID of a rigid element SET. A set of rigid elements

that describe the subset of the model for which
model information is to be output. All GRID and
SPOINT associated with these rigid elements will
also be output.
Comments
1. For CMS superelements output in h3d format, only the ASET DOF are output when the
MODEL data is not present. When the MODEL data is present, the .h3d file contains the
ASET DOF and what is specified on the MODEL data.
2. In addition to the results output, the MODEL data controls the portion of the model that is
written to the .op2 and .h3d files.
3. When PARAM,EXCOUT with values of 0, 3, 4, 5 or 6 is used during CMS superelement

creation, the default is to output the entire model, as well as results to the .h3d file and
AVL/EXCITE files.

MPCFORCE
MPCFORCE - Output Request
Description
The MPCFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request multi-point force of constraint vector is output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
MPCFORCE (sorting, format, form_list, peakoutput, modal) = option
sorting <SORT1, SORT2> This argument only applies to the PUNCH format (.pch file) or
the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for normal modes,
Default = blank frequency response, and transient subcases. It will be
ignored without warning if used elsewhere.
SORT1: Results for each frequency/timestep are grouped

together.
SORT2: Results for each grid/element are grouped

together (See comment 5).
blank: For frequency response analysis, if no grid SET is

specified, SORT1 is used, otherwise, SORT2 is
used; for transient analysis, SORT2 is used.
format <OPTI, PUNCH, OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct results format
OP2, PLOT, (.mpcf file).
blank>
Default = blank format (.pch file).
OP2: Results are output in Nastran otput2 format


bulk data section.

blank: Results are output in all active formats for which

the result is available.
form <REAL, IMAG, REAL, Provides rectangular format (real and imaginary)
PHASE> IMAG: of complex output.
Default = REAL
PHASE: Provides polar format (phase and magnitude) of
complex output.
peakoutpu <PEAKOUT> PEAKOUT: If PEAKOUT is present, only the filtered

t frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present, multi-point constraint

forces of the structural modes and residual
Default = blank
vectors are output to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2
files for modal frequency response and transient
analysis.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Multi-point force of constraint vector is output
NONE, SID> blank: for all grids.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Multi-point force of constraint vector is not
output.
SID: If a set ID is given, multi-point force of

constraint vector is output only for grids listed in
that set.
Comments
1. When an MPCFORCE command is not present, multi-point force of constraint vector is not
output.
2. Multiple formats area allowed on the same entry; these should be comma separated. If
no format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT or

dominates.
FORMAT and RESULTS were use; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it
format (.op2 file).

MSGLMT
MSGLMT - Output Control
Description
The MSGLMT command can be used in the I/O Options section to limit the number of ERROR,
WARNING and INFORMATION messages output, or to elevate a WARNING or INFORMATION
message to an ERROR.
Format
MSGLMT (type) = value
MSGLMT, type, value
MSGLMT, mode
Examples
MSGLMT (WARNING) = 1000
MSGLMT (101) = 50
type <ERROR, ERROR: Limits the total number of ERROR

WARNING, ID> messages allowed to the value
provided. Once this limit is reached,
No default the run terminates.
WARNING: Limits the total number of WARNING and

INFORMATION messages reported in
the .out file to the value provided.
ID: Limits the number of instances of a

message with the given ID reported in
the .out file to the value provided.
value <INTEGER, OFF, INTEGER: If a positive integer is given, the limit is

NONE, ERROR, set to this number.
ABORT>
See comments 1
and 2 for

defaults. OFF or NONE: “value=NONE” can only be used if “type

= ID”. See Comment 3.
ERROR: Valid only when the type is ID.
Messages with this ID will be treated as

ERRORs, that is, continuation at the end
of the current stage will be disallowed
unless the message is encountered
during the solver, where full post-
processing of the results will be allowed
before termination; optimization runs will
terminate as if the limit of allowed
iterations had been reached.
ABORT: Valid only when type is ID.
Messages with this ID will be treated as

abort ERRORs, that is, the solver will
terminate immediately. If the message
is encountered during the solver, no
output files will be generated. If it
happens during reading or verification of
input data, then remaining parts of
input will not be processed.
mode
<STRICT, STRICT: All messages are printed according to
UNREF, BRIEF> MSGLMT.
Default = UNREF: Messages 1931, 1932 and 2010 are

<BRIEF>
suppressed.
BRIEF: Messages 741, 742, 1935, 1931, 1932,

2010, 1052, 1305, and 1436 are
suppressed.
Comments
1. By default, the limit for most individual ERROR and WARNING/INFORMATION messages is
10.
2. The default limit for the total number of ERROR messages is 10,000 and for the total
number of WARNING/INFORMATION messages is 1,000.
3. The following table lists some special cases of MSGLMT usage:

Special Cases Effect
MSGLMT(Message ID/WARNING/ Prevents any information about

ERROR) = 1 consecutive occurrences of the
specified message to be registered
and counted.
If WARNING/ERROR is used, only the

first WARNING/ERROR is printed.
MSGLMT(Message ID/WARNING/ Message ID: All occurrences of the

ERROR) = 0 specified message will be displayed.
MSGLMT(Message ID/WARNING/ WARNING: All Warnings will be

ERROR) = OFF displayed.
ERROR: All Errors will be displayed.
MSGLMT(Message ID) = NONE The specified message (and multiple

occurrences of the same, if any) will
not be printed in the output file.
Note:
1. If the Message ID belongs to an
error, the specified error and multiple
occurrences of the same error will
not be printed in the output file.
However, this will not allow the
solver to continue after error
suppression. This can sometimes
generate an output file which states
that an error occurred without any
information regarding the nature of
the error, since it was suppressed.
2. Suppressed ERROR/WARNING
messages still count toward
respective limits and are reported in
the job summary.
3. Using MSGLMT(Message ID)=NONE

for ERROR messages is not
recommended.
MSGLMT(Message ID) = <Negative Negative values are not supported. A

Integer> “Syntax error” will be displayed, if
negative integer values are used.
4. MSGLMT may be set in the OptiStruct Configuration File.
5. Multiple instances of MSGLMT may occur. If any instances conflict, then the last instance
will be honored.

6. Some messages print lists of ID's, which can be very long, MSGLMT can be used to control
the number of ID's that are printed.
For Example:
MSGLMT, 1692, <Integer> or MSGLMT (1692) =<integer>, prints the first <integer>
number of duplicate GRID ID’s:
*** WARNING # 1692
Found duplicate GRID cards, removed 74 item(s) of identical data.
10001 10002 … (up to <integer> number)
MSGLMT, 1692, OFF or MSGLMT (1692) =OFF, prints all duplicate GRID ID’s:
*** WARNING # 1692
Found duplicate GRID cards, removed 86 item(s) of identical data.
10001 10002 10003 10004 10005

NLRESTART
I/O Options Entry
NLRESTART - Run Control Command
Description
The NLRESTART command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate the current
nonlinear solution sequence is to be restarted from a specified nonlinear subcase.
Format
NLRESTART = n
n Nonlinear SUBCASE ID to be restarted from in the current

nonlinear solution sequence.
If n is not given, it will restart from the first nonlinear subcase

ending with error in previous run.
Comments
1. This command applies only to geometric nonlinear subcases (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM,

IMPDYN or EXPDYN).
2. Only one NLRESTART entry can be defined, and it must be above the first subcase.
3. NLRESTART is also available in command line option as “-nlrestart n” or “-nlrestart.”

If NLRESTART is defined in both bulk data and command line option, the former overrides
the latter.

OFREQUENCY
OFREQUENCY - Output Control
Description
The OFREQUENCY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of frequencies for output requests for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
OFREQUENCY = option
option <ALL, SID> ALL, blank: Output is for all frequencies.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, output is only for
frequencies listed in that set.
Comments
1. When OFREQUENCY is not present, output is for all frequencies.
2. The SET definition referenced by the OFREQUENCY card must be a real value set.
3. The number of solutions selected will always be equal to the number of quantities in the
selected set. The closest values will be used.

OLOAD
OLOAD - Output Request
Description
The OLOAD command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the form of applied load vector output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
OLOAD (format_list,type) = option
format <H3D, OPTI, PUNCH, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D

OP2, blank> format (.h3d file).
Default = blank OPTI: Results are output in

OptiStruct results format
(.load file).
Results are output in Nastran

PUNCH:
punch results format (.pch
file).
Results are output in Nastran
OP2:
output2 format (.op2 file)
(see comment 6).

available.
type <SPARSE, ALL> ALL: Output for all selected nodes

is printed.
Default (OPTI) = SPARSE
SPARSE: This is only available for the
Default (H3D, PUNCH, OP2) OPTI output format. Output
= ALL for selected nodes without a
component of magnitude
1.0e-10 is not printed.

option <NONE, NO, YES, ALL, YES, ALL, Load data is output for all
SID> blank: nodes.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Loads are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, load data

is only output for nodes listed
in that set.
Comments
1. When OLOAD command is not present, loads are not output.
dominates.
5. The SPARSE output type is only available when the OPTI output format is used.
format (.op2 file).

OMODES
I/O Options Entry
OMODES - Output Control
Description
The OMODES command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of modes for output requests for all subcases or for individual subcases,
respectively. This command is applicable for normal modes and linear buckling solution
sequences only.
Format
OMODES = option
option <ALL, SID> ALL, blank: Output is calculated for all modes.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, output is calculated for
only modes listed in that set.
Comments
1. When OMODES is not present, output is for all modes.
2. The SET definition referenced by the OMODES card must be an integer value set.
3. This output control is not available for frequency response subcases; OFREQUENCY should
be used instead.
4. If both the OMODES and OFREQUENCY requests appear, the OMODES request takes
precedence.

OTIME
OTIME - Output Control
Description
The OTIME command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of times for output requests for transient analysis for all subcases or individual
Format
OTIME = option
option < ALL, SID > ALL, blank: Output is at all times.
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, output is only at times in
that set.
Comments
1. When an OTIME command is not present the output for all times will be computed.
2. This command is particularly useful for requesting a subset of the output (for example,
stresses at only peak times, and so on).
\

OUTFILE
I/O Options Entry
OUTFILE - Filename Definition
Description
The OUTFILE command is used in the I/O Options section to define the prefix for the results
files output.
Format
OUTFILE = option
option <file prefix> file prefix: The path to and file prefix used for
the results files output.
Default = passed
in from the
command line.
Comments
1. Prefixes specified on the OUTFILE card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
The following rules are used for the OUTFILE card:
When the argument contains an absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), output files are created at
the given location.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), output files will be created in the
current directory, meaning the directory from which the solver has been executed, and
not in the directory where the input file is located.
example), output is created in a directory relative to where the solver is executed and
NOT relative to the directory where the input file is located.

OUTPUT
I/O Options Entry
OUTPUT – Output Control
Description
The OUTPUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the format of results
output and the creation of certain results files.
Format
OUTPUT, keyword, frequency, option1, option2
keyword See below See below
frequency FIRST, LAST, FIRST: Output first iteration only.

FL, ALL, NONE,
N or blank
LAST: Output last iteration only.
FL: Output first and last iterations.
ALL: Output all iterations.
NONE: No output
N: Output first and last iterations and every Nth

iteration. If N=5, output occurs at iterations
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration.
blank: The default listed below for the given

keyword.
option See below See below
Standard Result Outputs
Note that if there is no result OUTPUT defined, then default result output is both HM and
H3D. If any result OUTPUT commands exist, then there is no default OUTPUT type.

Affect
Default
Keyword Description ed Options Details
frequency
files
HM Output FL *.res <NODMIG, Determines whether or not to

results in DMIGALL, output results for interior
HyperMesh DMIGSET> points of external
binary superelements. See
format. Default = comment 16.
DMIGSET
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
DMIGALL: recovery is
activated for all grids/
elements
DMIGSET: recovery is
activated for grids/elements
in the SET defined on the
corresponding output request
(default)
H3D, Output FL *.h3d <BYSUB, Determines the way the

HV results in BYITER> output files are arranged in
Hyper3D an optimization run. See
format. Default = comment 15.
BYSUB
(Applicable to
optimization
runs only).
<NODMIG, Determines whether or not to

DMIGALL, output results for interior
DMIGSET> points of external
superelements. See
Default = comment 16.
DMIGSET
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements

Affect
Default
frequency
files
(default)
OP2, Output FL *.op2 <MODEL, Turns on / off the output

OUT2, analysis NOMODEL> of the model data to the file.
OUTPUT2 results in
Nastran Default =
output2 MODEL See comments 11 and 12.
format.
<NODMIG, Determines whether or not to
DMIGALL, output results for interior
DMIGSET> points of external
superelements. See
Default = comment 16.
DMIGSET
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements
(default)
NASTRAN Output FL *.pch <NODMIG, Determines whether or not to

, PUNCH analysis DMIGALL, output results for interior
results in DMIGSET> points of external
Nastran superelements. See
punch Default = comment 16.
format. DMIGSET
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements

Affect
Default
frequency
files
(default)
OPTI, Output FL *.cstr - -

ASCII, results in ,
OS OptiStruct *.dens
ASCII ,
format. *.disp
,
*.forc
e,
*.gpf,
*.load
,
*.mpcf
,
*.spcf
,
*.strs
PATRAN, Output FL *.#.#. - -

APATRAN analysis #.dis,
results in *.#.#.
Patran dis,
ASCII *.#.#.
format. els,
*.#.di
(APATRAN s,
uses an *.#.el
alternate s,
file naming
convention *.#.#.
, with the dis.#,
iteration *.#.di
number s.#,
after the *.#.el
file s.#,
extension). *.dis.
#,
*.els.
#

Affect
Default
frequency
files
NONE Results are - - - -

not output
in any of
the
formats
listed
above.
Optimization Outputs
Default
frequenc Affected
Keyword Description Options Details
y files
DESIGN Controls the ALL All files that - -

frequency of design results
output for are written
design results to.
such as
DENSITY,
SHAPE, and
THICKNESS
SHRES Controls the L *.sh, - -

frequency of *.grid
output of the
shape files.
GRID Requests the L *.grid <LOCAL, BASIC> BASIC: Grid

output of the definitions are
state file (.grid Default = BASIC output to the
file) for .grid file,
topography or referencing the
shape basic coordinate
optimization. system.
LOCAL: Grid
definitions are
output to the
.grid file,
referencing local
coordinate
systems as

Default
frequenc Affected
y files
defined by the
CP field on the
GRID definitions.
FSTOSZ Automatic L *_sizing.fe 1. Bundles See comment 18.

generation of m
a sizing model Integer > 0
after free- Default = 4
sizing of a
composite 2. Method
structure. <ADVFREE,
ADVMAN,
SIMFREE,
SIMMAN>
Default =
ADVFREE
3. Ignore
<IGNORE>-
SZTOSH Automatic L *_shuffling - -

generation of .fem
a shuffling
model after
ply-based
sizing
optimization.
FSTHICK Controls - *.fsthick <YES, NO> See comment

output of free- 13.
sizing results Default = NO
to .fsthick
file.
DESVAR Requests the L *.desvar, <FILE, OUT, FILE: Updated

output of *.out BOTH, NONE> property design
updated variable values
design variable Default = FILE are output to
values. the .desvar file.
OUT: Updated
design variable
values are output
to the .out file.

Default
frequenc Affected
y files
BOTH: Updated
design variable
values are output
to both the .out
file and the
.desvar file.
NONE: Updated
design variable
values are not
output.
PROPERTY Requests the L *.prop, <ANY, DESIGN, ANY: All

output of the *.out FILE, OUT, properties are
updated BOTH, NONE> output.
property
definitions. Default = DESIGN: Only
DESIGN designable
Note:
properties are
In the
output.
Description
and Details FILE: Updated
columns of the property
PROPERTY definitions and
keyword: non-design
“Property” properties are
stands for output to the
.prop file.
“Properties,
Materials and
OUT: Updated
Elements”.
property
definitions and
non-design
properties are
output to the
.out file.
BOTH: Updated
property
definitions and
non-design
properties are
output to both
the .out file and
the .prop file.

Default
frequenc Affected
y files
NONE: Updated
property
definitions are
not output.
Specialized Result Outputs
Default
Keyword Description Affected files Options Details
frequenc
y
ADAMSMNF Output of - *.mnf <YES, NO> -

flexible body to
a modal neutral Default = YES
file for
MSC.ADAMS.
See comment
17.
HGFREQ Frequency FL *_freq.mvw, - -

Analysis output *_s#_a.frf,
presentation for *_s#_d.frf,
HyperGraph. *_s#_v.frf
See comment
3.
HGTRANS Transient - *_tran.mvw, - -

Analysis output *_s#_a.trn,
presentation for *_s#_d.trn,
HyperGraph. *_s#_v.trn
See comments
2 and 3.

Default
frequenc
y
HGMBD Multi-body - *_mbd.mvw, - -

Dynamics *_s#_a.mbd,
output *_s#_d.mbd,
presentation for *_s#_v.mbd
HyperGraph.
See comments
2 and 3.
HGSENS Sensitivity FL *_sens.#.mvw, <ALL, See comment 4

output NOSTRESS, for details on
presentation for *.#.sens STRESS> options.
HyperGraph.
Default =
NOSTRESS
MSSENS Sensitivity FL *.#.slk <ALL, See comment 4

output in NOSTRESS, for details on
Microsoft Excel STRESS> options.
SYLK format.
Default =
NOSTRESS
ASCSENS Topology and FL *.#.asens <ALL, See comment 4

free-sizing NOSTRESS, for details on
sensitivity STRESS> options.
(response with
respect to Default =
design element NOSTRESS
density) output
in ASCII format.
H3DSENS Sensitivity FL *_dsa.#.h3d <USER, See comment

output in H3D NOUSER> 19 for details
format. on options.
Default =
NOUSER
H3DTOPOL Sensitivity FL *_topol.#.h3d <ALL, See comment 4

output in H3D NOSTRESS, for details on
format for STRESS> options.
contouring of
topology and Default =

Default
frequenc
y
free-sizing NOSTRESS
sensitivity.
H3DGAUGE Sensitivity FL *_gauge.#.h3d <ALL, See comment 4

output in H3D NOSTRESS, for details on
format for STRESS> options.
contouring of
shell thickness Default =
sensitivity. NOSTRESS
HGHIST Design history - *_hist.mvw, Integer < 32 See comment 5

output *.hist for details on
presentation for *.hgdata Default = 31 options.
HyperGraph.
HGEFFMASS Effective mass - *.mass, - -

is output as a *_mass.mvw
HyperGraph bar
chart.
HGMODFAC Modal FL *_modal.mvw, <REGULAR, See comment

participation *_modal.#.mvw NORM> 14.
factor output
presentation for Default =
HyperGraph3D. REGULAR
DVGRID Output of - *.dvgrid - -

shape variable
definitions to
.dvgrid file.
See comment
6.
MASSPROP Controls the FL *.out - The center of

output of gravity is
Center of specified in the
Gravity and basic
Mass Moments coordinate
of Inertia tables system. The
based on Mass Properties
properties to are with
.out file. respect to the

Default
frequenc
y
center of
gravity of the
item.
MASSCOMP Controls the FL *.out - -

output of Mass
based on
HyperMesh
Components to
.out file.
REGCOMPL Controls the *.out <YES, NO>

output of
regional Default = YES
compliance
table to .out
file.
File Output Controls
Default
Keyword Description frequenc Affected files Options Details
y
CMF Controls output - *.HM.badel.c <YES, NO>

of .cmf files. mf, Default = YES
*.HM.comp.cm
f,
*.HM.ent.cmf
,
*.HM.conn.cm
f
OSS Controls output - *.oss <YES, NO>

of .oss file. Default = YES
HTML Controls output - *.html <YES, NO>

of .html file. Default = YES
STAT Controls output - *.stat <YES, NO> See comment 9.

Default
Keyword Description frequenc Affected files Options Details
y
of .stat file. Default = YES
Comments
1. Frequency does not apply for any of the keywords where a dash (-) is given as the
default frequency in the keywords table above.
2. HGTRANS and HGMBD are currently available for analysis only.
3. HGFREQ, HGTRANS, and HGMBD will only use output requests where a Set ID is specified.
For example, if DISPLACEMENT = ALL or DISPLACEMENT(HG) = ALL is given, displacement
information will not be present in the presentation, whereas if DISPLACEMENT = 1 or
DISPLACEMENT(HG) = 1 is given, displacement information will be present in the
presentation for the constituent nodes of Set 1.
4. For HGSENS, ASCSENS, or MSSENS options:
If NOSTRESS or blank: results are printed, but stress, strain, and force responses are
ignored.
If ALL or STRESS: results are printed, including stress, strain, and force responses.
5. For HGHIST options:
The integer value given is equal to the sum of the desired options:
1: Design Variable.
2: Objective function and maximum % constraint violation.
4: All non-stress responses.
If blank: all of the above are output.
For example: If you want Design Variables and all DRESP2 responses, you would use 9.
6. The DVGRID option creates shape variable definitions for displacement or eigenvector
results of linear static, normal modes, or liner buckling analyses. These shape variable
definitions can then be used in subsequent optimizations. This process facilitates the use
of "natural" shape functions.
7. For the keywords HM, H3D, HV, ASCII, OPTI, OS, NASTRAN, PUNCH, OP2, OUT2,
OUTPUT2, PATRAN and APATRAN, the information provided by the OUTPUT I/O option
entry takes precedence over information provided on the older FORMAT and RESULTS I/O
option entries.
8. OUTPUT entries are read sequentially; therefore, where multiple OUTPUT entries exist with
the same keyword, the last instance is used.

9. If OUTPUT,STAT,NO is defined, the *.stat file is deleted at the end of the run (as long as
the run was successful), but the file always exists during the run.
10. OUTPUT,DESIGN takes precedence over the information provided on the older DENSRES I/O
option entry. OUTPUT,DESIGN will write design results, at the frequency defined, to all
active output formats (HM, H3D, or OPTI), regardless of the frequency chosen for that
output format. By default, HM is the only active output format.
11. When CMSMETH is used, or when a full multi-body dynamics run is performed, the CMS
stress modes can be written to OP2 format. This only happens when OUTPUT,OP2 (or
FORMAT,OP2) is defined. One file for each is generated. Stresses are written for shells
and solids, while forces are written for bars/beams and welds. Each mode is written as a
static load case with ID equal to the mode index. This output is compatible with FEMFAT
by MAGNA.
12. The MODEL/NOMODEL option for OUTPUT, OP2 may be overridden by the PARAM, OGEOM
bulk data entry.
13. The FSTHICK keyword generates a file with the .fsthick extension. The file contains
bulk data entries for elements (CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, and CTRIA6) contained in free-
size design spaces. The element definitions have the optimized thickness defined as
nodal thicknesses (Ti) for each element.
14. The HGMODFAC keyword generates a HyperGraph3D presentation providing 3D plots of

modal participation factors. The plots display the mode number on the x-axis, the
frequency (for frequency response analyses) or time (for transient analyses) on the y-
axis and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
The NORM option normalizes the participation factors with respect to 1.
In HyperGraph3D, it is possible to define cross-sections to generate 2D plots of either:
a) Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given number.
b) Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time.
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part
and the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while
real and imaginary plots are hidden by default.
15. The H3D output from optimization runs consists of a number of files. The BYSUB/BYITER
option allows switching between two modes of H3D output. There is a no default option
(BYSUB/BYITER) for analysis runs.
BYSUB (This is the default option for optimization runs) outputs one _des.h3d file for
the animation of the optimization history. The frequency of the optimization results in
this file is defined by OUTPUT, DESIGN (Default = ALL). In addition, an _si.h3d file for
each subcase i is written that contains the history of the analysis results for each
subcase. Frequency determines the analysis result output frequency. Optimization
results can be written to the subcase files using DENSITY, SHAPE, or THICKNESS output
requests.
(Using OUTPUT, H3D, or BYSUB for analysis runs (without optimization) will output the
same files as above (except for the _des.h3d file), however no design results or
analysis history will be available within the files).

BYITER outputs one .#.h3d file per iteration that contains the optimization and
analysis results for all subcases per iteration. Frequency determines at which iteration
these files are created. It overwrites the default of OUTPUT, DESIGN unless an actual
OUTPUT, DESIGN statement is present. In the case of a shape optimization, the GRID
coordinates of the model in the respective iteration are updated to the new shape.
(Using OUTPUT, H3D, or BYITER for analysis runs (without optimization) will output
only one .h3d file since there are no multiple iterations).
16. Results for interior points of external superelements will be output by default to HM, H3D,
PUNCH, and OP2 files.
17. If GPSTRESS output is requested in addition to OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF, then nodal stress
results for solid elements will be written to the .mnf file.
18. For FSTOSZ options:
Bundles: This specifies the number of ply bundles to be generated per fiber orientation.
Method: Ply bundle thicknesses are determined based on the method defined.
ADVFREE: Advanced algorithm with free thicknesses.
ADVMAN: Advanced algorithm with manufacturable thicknesses.
SIMFREE: Simple algorithm with free thicknesses.
SIMMAN: Simple algorithm with manufacturable thicknesses.
The advanced algorithm is available for 2, 4 and 8 ply bundles. It takes into account the
thickness distribution when generating the ply bundles, which results in a more accurate
representation of the original free-sized thickness profile.
Ply bundle thickness can also be multiples of the manufacturable ply thickness.
Ignore: Elements may be ignored in a given ply orientation when their thickness is less
than 5% of the maximum thickness. This option is inactive by default.
19. H3DSENS, USER indicates that the user-defined responses should be included in the DSA
output. NOUSER indicates that user-defined responses should not be included. In both
cases, responses defined through the DSA output request are included in the DSA output.

PFGRID
I/O Options Entry
PFGRID – Output Request for Acoustic Grid Participation
Description
The PFGRID command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of acoustic
grid participation factors for all frequency response subcases. The output will be in the .h3d
file.
Format
PFGRID (GRIDS=setg, GRIDF=setfl, FREQUENCY=setf, NULL=ipower, RPCUTOFF=rval,
RPDBACUT=rpdba, CONTOUR=YES/NO,PEAKOUT) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFGRID(FREQUENCY=391)=12
PFGRID(PEAKOUT)=23
PFGRID(PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
Argumen Options Description

t
setg <ALL, NONE, ALL: Output acoustic grid participation for all structural grid
SID> points at the fluid-structure interface.
Default = NONE NONE: Do not output acoustic grid participation for any
structural grid points.
SID: Output acoustic grid participation factors for a set of

grids. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.
setfl <ALL, NONE, ALL: Output acoustic grid participation for all fluid grid points
SID> at the fluid-structure interface.
Default = NONE NONE: Do not output acoustic grid participation for any fluid
grid points.
SID: Output acoustic grid participation factors for a set of

grids. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.

t
setf <ALL, SID> ALL: Participation factors are processed for all excitation
frequencies.
Default = ALL
SID: Participation factors are only processed for a set of
excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of a SET of
type FREQ.
ipower <INTEGER> When the magnitude of a grid participation is below 10 to the

minus ipower, the grid participation will not be output. In other
Default = 30
words, if the grid participation is less than 10-ipower, the result
output for this grid will be skipped.
rval <REAL> The grid participation will be calculated at the excited

frequencies when the magnitude of the pressure is above rval.
Default = 0.0 The excitation frequency will be a subset of setf.
rpdba <Non- RPDBACUT is the decibel pressure cutoff value for fluid
Negative responses, and is similar to RPCUTOFF. It will take precedence
REAL> over RPCUTOFF for fluid responses. A weighting is applied to
RPDBACUT values at the excitation frequency. The grid
Default = 0.0
participation will be calculated when the magnitude of the
response is about the cutoff value. See comment 4 for decibel
calculations and reference pressure settings.
CONTOUR (YES/NO) If CONTOUR is specified as YES, the area projected value for the
fluid grid participation is output. Otherwise, the output of fluid
Default = YES grid participation would be the actual complex value.
PEAKOUT If PEAKOUT is present as an option inside the parenthesis of the PFGRID data,
then the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT data will be considered for output
of grid participation.

t
setdof/ <SID/ Degrees of freedom for which the grid participation factors are
PEAKOUT PEAKOUT> to be processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.
If “PEAKOUT” is specified instead of SID, the output will be
considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree of freedom in the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
Comments
1. Output is to the H3D file only.
2. Acoustic grid participation factors are available in a coupled frequency response analysis
(both in direct and modal frequency response).
3. The FREQUENCY keyword can be used to select a subset of excitation frequencies

available.
4. The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10(P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.

The reference pressure is dependent on the units specified on the UNITS input data. If
the units are SI, the value is set as 2.0E-5 Pa. If they are CGS, it is set as 2.0E-4 barye.
If they are MPa, it is set as 2.0E-11 MPa. If they are BG or EE, then it is set as 4.17E-7
lbf/ft 2. If no UNITS data is present, the default value is 2.0E-11 MPa.

PFMODE
I/O Options Entry
PFMODE – Output Request for Modal Participation
Description
The PFMODE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of modal
participation factors for all modal frequency response subcases.
Format
PFMODE (type, FLUIDMP=fmp, STRUCTMP=smp, PANELMP=setp, FREQUENCY=setf,
FILTER=fratio, NULL=ipower, RPCUTOFF=rval, RPDBACUT=rpdba, MTYPE=otype,
CMSSET=seset, RTYPE=rtype, outfile, PEAKOUT) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFMODE(FLUID,STRUCTMP=30,FREQUENCY=391,PANELMP=ALL)=393
PFMODE(STRUCTURE,H3D)=23
PFMODE(FLUID,H3D,PEAKOUT)=11
PFMODE(STRUCTURE,H3D,PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
PFMODE(FLUID,PUNCH)=31
type <STRUCTURE, STRUCTURE: Requests output of structural modal participation

FLUID> factors.
Default = FLUID: Requests output of acoustic modal participation

STRUCTURE
factors.
fmp <ALL, N, ALL: Participation factors will be computed for all

NONE> calculated fluid modes.
Default = NONE N: Number of fluid modes for which modal

participation factors will be computed, based on
the largest magnitude of modal contribution.
NONE: Participation factors are not calculated for fluid

modes.

smp <ALL, N, ALL: Participation factors will be computed for all

NONE> calculated structural modes.
Default = NONE N: Number of structural modes for which modal

participation factors will be computed based on
the largest magnitude of modal contribution.
NONE: Participation factors are not calculated for

structural modes.
setp <ALL, NONE> ALL: Output structural modal participation for each
panel specified in the PANEL data.
Default = NONE
NONE: Do not output panel modal participation.
setf <ALL, SID> ALL: Participation factors are processed for all
excitation frequencies.
Default = ALL
SID: Participation factors are only processed for a set
of excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of
a SET of type FREQ.
fratio <REAL> Specifies the value of a filter to be applied to the output.

Values of modal participation below fratio times the
Default = displacement or pressure are not output.
0.001
ipower <INTEGER> When the magnitude of a modal participation is below 10 to the

minus ipower, the modal participation will not be output. In
Default = 30
other words, if the modal participation is less than 10-ipower, the
result output for this mode will be skipped.
rval <REAL> The modal participation will be calculated at the excited

frequencies when the magnitude of the response is above rval.
Default = 0.0 The excitation frequency will be a subset of setf.

rpdba <Non-Negative RPDBACUT is the decibel pressure cutoff value for fluid
REAL> responses, and is similar to RPCUTOFF. It will take precedence
over RPCUTOFF for fluid responses. A weighting is applied to
Default = 0.0 RPDBACUT values at the excitation frequency. The modal
participation will be calculated when the magnitude of the
response is about the cutoff value. See comment 9 for decibel
calculations and reference pressure settings.
otype <ALL, SYSTEM, For SYSTEM, the output related to PFMODE will correspond to
CMS> the whole model. Component modal participation will not be
output by default. However, when using ALL or CMS, the
Default = component modal participation will be output. For the CMS
SYSTEM
option, there will not be system modal participation. Component
modal participation can also be calculated for internal grids in
the superelement.
seset <ALL, SID> Component modal participation of all the H3D superelements will
be output by default. However, you can specify a specific set
Default = ALL of superelement names for output.
rtype <DISP, VELO, The Structural modal participation will be output for
ACCE> Displacement, Velocity or Acceleration respectively based on
Default = DISP the specified option (DISP, VELO, ACCE).
outfile <PUNCH, H3D> Modal participation can be exported either into the H3D file or
PUNCH file. Because of the large volume of data, it is
Default = H3D
recommended to export the modal participation data into a H3D
file.
PEAKOUT If PEAKOUT is present inside the bracket of the PFMODE option, the filtered
frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be considered for the output of modal
participation.

setdof/ <SID/ Degrees-of-freedom for which the participation factors are to be

PEAKOUT PEAKOUT> processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC for
structure participation and GRID for fluid participation. If
“PEAKOUT” is specified instead of SID, the output will be
considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree of freedom on the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
Comments
1. The output of both the PFMODE and PFPANEL must be either to an H3D file or to a PUNCH
file. Both PFPANEL and PFMODE must have the same output option.
2. The modal participation output is sorted in descending order by magnitude of the modal
participation in the PUNCH file output.
3. PFMODE(FLUID,..) and PFMODE(STRUCTURE,…) can coexist in the input data, but only
one PFMODE(FLUID) and one PFMODE(STRUCTURE) are allowed in a single SUBCASE.
4. Keywords FLUIDMP and PANELMP are only valid if FLUID is specified.
5. If STRUCTURE is specified, setdof must reference a set of structural degrees-of-freedom.

If FLUID is specified, setdof must reference a set of acoustic degrees-of-freedom.

available.
7. The filter is applied to the magnitude of the modal participation factors. Only modal
participation factors that pass the filter are output.
8. If the magnitude of the total response at a selected response degree-of-freedom is less

than 10-ipower, then no modal participation factors are processed. If ipower is not in the
range of 1 to 31, the default of 30 is used.
9. The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10 (P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.
10. Legacy format for the export of modal participation to H3D or PUNCH files: PFMODE (type,
OUTPUT=outfile)=setdof/PEAKOUT is also supported.
11. If you wish to output modal participation factors for interior points of a superelement (in a
CMS model), the SEINTPNT entry can be used in the subcase information section to
convert the interior points of interest to exterior points. After conversion, these points
can now be referenced by the <SID/PEAKOUT> option for the sedof/PEAKOUT argument.

PFPANEL
I/O Options Entry
PFPANEL – Output Request for Acoustic Panel Participation
Description
The PFPANEL command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of acoustic
panel participation factors for all frequency response subcases.
Format
PFPANEL (PANEL=setp, FREQUENCY=setf, outfile,peakout) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFPANEL(PANEL=ALL,FREQUENCY=45)=12
PFPANEL(H3D, PEAKOUT)=56
PFPANEL(H3D, PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
PFPANEL(PUNCH)=32

t
setp <ALL, NONE> ALL: Output acoustic panel participation for all panels.
Default = NONE
NONE: Do not output acoustic panel participation.
setf <ALL, SID> ALL: Participation factors are processed for all excitation
frequencies.
Default = ALL
SID: Participation factors are only processed for a set of
excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of a SET
of type FREQ.
outfile <PUNCH, H3D> Panel participation can be exported either into a H3D file or a
PUNCH file. Because of the large volume of data, it is
Default = H3D recommended to export the panel participation data into a H3D
file.

t
PEAKOUT If PEAKOUT is present as an option inside the parentheses of the PFPANEL data,
then the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT data will be considered for output
of panel participation.
setdof/ <SID/ Degrees-of-freedom for which the panel participation factors

PEAKOUT PEAKOUT> are to be processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type
GRID. If “PEAKOUT” is specified instead of SID, the output will
be considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree-of-freedom in the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
Comments
1. Output is to the H3D or PUNCH files only. The output of both PFMODE and PFPANEL must
be either to an H3D file or to a PUNCH file. Both PFPANEL and PFMODE must have the same
output option.
2. Acoustic panel participation factors are available in a coupled frequency response analysis
(both in direct and modal frequency response).

available. The closest loading frequency will be chosen in this case.
4. Legacy format for the export of acoustic panel participation to H3D or PUNCH files:
PFPANEL (OUTPUT=outfile)=setdof/PEAKOUT is also supported.

PFPATH
I/O Options Entry
PFPATH – Output Request
Description
The PFPATH command can be used in the I/O Options section for transfer path analysis for a
response at the connection points.
Format
PFPATH = SID
Comments
SID references a PFPATH card in the Bulk Data section.

POWERFLOW
I/O Options Entry
POWERFLOW – Output Request
Description
The POWERFLOW command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of the
power flow field.
Format
POWERFLOW (format,peakoutput) = option
format <H3D> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
Default = H3D
peakoutpu <PEAKOUT> PEAKOUT: If PEAKOUT is present, only the filtered

t frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be
Default = considered for this output.
blank
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Power flow field is output for all elements.
NONE, SID> blank:
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Power flow field is not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, power flow field is output

only for the contents of that set.
Comments
1. Power flow field output is only available to the .h3d file.
2. The power flow field indicates the magnitude and direction of vibrational energy which
travels in dynamically loaded structures. It helps with identifying the energy transmission
paths as well as the vibration sources and energy sinks. Structural intensity, defined as
the power flow per unit area, is also available.
3. The references used in the calculation of the power flow field are listed in the References
section of the User’s Guide.

PRESSURE
PRESSURE - Output Request
Description
The PRESSURE command is analogous to the DISPLACEMENT command. Refer to the

documentation for the DISPLACEMENT command.

PRETBOLT
PRETBOLT - Output Request
Description
The PRETBOLT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request output of pretension force/adjustment values in the pretension bolts for all
pretensioning and pretensioned subcases.
Format
PRETBOLT (format) = option
format <OPTI, blank> OPTI: Results are output in OptiStruct results

format (.pret file).
Default = blank
option <YES, NO> YES: Pretension force/adjustment values are

output for all bolts.
Default = YES
NO: Pretension force/adjustment values are
not output.
Example
PRETBOLT (OPTI) = YES
PRETBOLT = NO
PRETBOLT (OPTI)
PRETBOLT
Comments
1. When a PRETBOLT command is not present, pretension force/adjustment values are not
output.
dominates.

PROPERTY
I/O Options Entry
PROPERTY - Output Control
Description
The PROPERTY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of the
property definitions used in the final iteration of an optimization.
Format
PROPERTY = option
option <FILE, OUT, FILE or blank: Updated property definitions are output
BOTH, NONE> to the .prop file.
Default = FILE OUT: Updated property definitions are output

to the .out file.
BOTH: Updated property definitions are output

to both the .out file and the .prop file.
NONE: Updated property definitions are not

output.
Comments
1. When a PROPERTY command is not present the updated property definitions will not be
output.

RADSND
RADSND - References RADSND Bulk Data to specify sound generation panels and microphone
field points
Description
The RADSND command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request radiated sound output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
RADSND = option
option <SID> SID: ID of RADSND bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. Multiple instances of this card are allowed. If the instances are conflicting, the last
instance will be considered.

RCROSS
I/O Options Entry
RCROSS – Output Request
Description
The RCROSS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request computation and
output of cross-power spectral density functions for random response analysis.
Format
RCROSS(format_list,form,type, randid=RANDPS_ID) = option
Argume Options Description

nt
format <PUNCH, PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch results format
blank> (.pch file).
Default =
blank: Results are output in all active formats for which the
blank
result is available.
form <COMPLEX, COMPLEX: Provides a combined magnitude/phase form of

REAL, IMAG, complex output to the .res file if HM output format
PHASE, is chosen. The REAL form of complex output is used
BOTH> for other formats if they are not specifically defined.
(Phase output is in degrees).
Default =
COMPLEX
REAL or Provides rectangular format (real and imaginary) of
IMAG: complex output.
PHASE: Provides polar format (phase and magnitude) of

complex output.
BOTH: Provides both rectangular and polar formats of

complex output.
type <PSDF> PSDF: Requests the cross-power spectral density function

be calculated and output for random analysis post-
Default = processing.
PSDF

Argume Options Description
nt
option <RCROSS_ID> RCROSS_ID: Set identification of an RCROSS bulk data entry.
randid <RANDPS_ID, RANDPS_ID: Set identification number of a RANDPS bulk data

blank> entry (see comments 3 and 4).
Comments
1. The RCROSS I/O option must be used in conjunction with the RANDOM subcase information
entry.
2. Response quantities, such as DISPLACEMENT, STRESS and STRAIN, must be requested by

corresponding I/O Options in order to compute cross-power spectral density between the
two response quantities specified by the RCROSS bulk data entry.
3. Multiple RCROSS bulk data entries must be defined when each RCROSS subcase
information entry references different randid.
For example:
rcross(PUNCH, PHASE, PSDF, randid=210020)=451
4. randid=<RANDPS_ID> must be specified within the RCROSS I/O options entry when
multiple RANDOM subcase information entries are present.

REQUEST
REQUEST – Multi-Body Request Selection
Description
The REQUEST command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
select a multi-body request definition to be used in a multi-body problem.
Format
REQUEST = option
option <SID> SID: Set identification of MBREQ, MBREQE, or MBREQM

bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1. Only one REQUEST entry can be present for each subcase.
2. This subcase information entry is only valid when it appears in a multi-body subcase.
3. If the SID referenced by the REQUEST subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an MBREQ bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MBREQ bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multi-
body motion entries: MBREQE or MBREQM which have this SID will be selected.
4. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each multi-body dynamics subcase
without a REQUEST entry.

RESPRINT
I/O Options Entry
RESPRINT - Output Control
Description
The RESPRINT command can be used in the I/O Options section to force all unretained
responses of a certain type to be printed to the output file, provided they are referenced
either as an objective or a constraint. This also applies to manufacturing constraints for
composites.
Format
RESPRINT = option
option <MASS, VOLUME, DISP, MASS: Mass and massfrac

BUCK, STRESS, FREQ, responses are output.
EQUA, EXTERNAL, WCOMP,
WFREQ, COMB, COMP, VOLUME: Volume and volfrac
STRAIN, FORCE, COG, responses are output.
INERTIA, MANUF, ALL>
DISP: Acceleration, Displacement
No default and Velocity responses are
output.
BUCK: Buckling responses are

output.
STRESS: Stress responses, including

CSTRESS and CFAILURE
responses, are output.
FREQ: Frequency responses are

output.
EQUA, WCOMP, All equation and combination

WFREQ, or COMB: responses are output.
EXTERNAL: External responses (defined

by DRESP3) are output.
COMP: Compliance responses are

output.

STRAIN: Strain responses, including

CSTRAIN responses, are
output.
FORCE: Force responses are output.
COG: Center of gravity responses

are output.
INERTIA: Inertia responses are output.
MANUF: Manufacturing constraints for

composites are output.
ALL: All design responses are

output. However,
manufacturing constraints for
composites are not listed.
Comments
1. When a RESPRINT command is not present, only retained responses will be output.
2. The arguments may be placed on a single card in a comma-separated list.
For example:
RESPRINT = STRESS, DISP
will force all stress and displacement responses referenced as either an objective or
constraint to be output.

RESTART
I/O Options Entry
RESTART - Run Control Command
Description
The RESTART command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate that the current
optimization is to be restarted from the final iteration of a previous optimization.
Format
RESTART = option
option <File prefix> File prefix: The prefix of the .sh file to be
used as the starting iteration
Default = prefix of .fem for the restart.
file
Comments
1. To restart an optimization, you will need information about the final iteration of a previous
optimization run. This information is contained in the .sh file.
2. The purpose of the restart functionality is for restarting with unconverged optimization
runs or optimization runs that were terminated before completion (due to a power outage,
and so on). Only limited changes are allowed to be made to the model data. Refer to
the User's Guide section Restarting OptiStruct.
3. This I/O Option is not valid for analysis mode.
4. Output files from a restart run are appended with the extension _rst#, where # is a 3
digit number indicating the starting iteration for the restart run. For example,
filename_rst030.out is the .out file created when restarting filename.fem from
iteration 30.

RESULTS
I/O Options Entry
RESULTS - Output Control
Description
The RESULTS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
determine the frequency of output of analysis results for all subcases or for individual
Format
RESULTS = frequency
frequency <FIRST, LAST, FL, FIRST: Output analysis results for the first
ALL, NONE, N> iteration only.
Default = FL LAST: Output analysis results for the final

iteration only.
FL, blank: Output analysis results for both the first

and last iterations.
ALL: Output analysis results for all iterations.
NONE: Do not output analysis results.
N: Output analysis results for the first and

last iterations and for every Nth
iteration. If N = 5, output occurs for
iterations 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on,
and the final iteration. All equation and
combination responses are output.
Comments
1. When a RESULTS command is not present, analysis results are output for formats that are
activated by the FORMAT command for both the first and last iterations.
2. The information on this card pertains to all analysis output formats that are not
specifically described by an OUTPUT command.

3. It is recommended to use the OUTPUT command as it allows different frequencies of
output to be defined for different formats.

SACCELERATION
SACCELERATION - Output Request
Description
The SACCELERATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request the form and type of modal participation accelerations output for all subcases or
individual subcases respectively.
Format
SACCELERATION (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output
Default = blank for normal modes, frequency response, and


7).
blank: SORT1 is used for all results

except for transient analysis,
where SORT2 is used.
format <H3D, PUNCH, OP2, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D

PLOT, blank> format (.h3d file).
Default = blank PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran


comment 9).


bulk data section.

available.
form <REAL, IMAG, REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real

PHASE> and imaginary) of complex
output.
Default = REAL
Phase output is in degrees.

for this output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Results are output.
NONE>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Results are not output.
Comments
1. When the SACCELERATION command is not present, modal participation accelerations are
not output.
2. The SACCELERATION command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal
transient solution sequences.
3. The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O Options may be used to control the amount of output.

dominates.
8. The abbreviations SACCE and SACCEL are interchangeable with SACCELERATION.
format (.op2 file).

SCREEN
I/O Options Entry
SCREEN - Output Control
Description
The SCREEN command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the output of model,
analysis, and optimization information to the UNIX or DOS shell.
Format
SCREEN = option
option <OUT, LOG, OUT, blank: The .out file is echoed to the screen.
NONE>
LOG: A log of the optimization process is echoed
Default = NONE
to the screen.
NONE: No information is echoed to the screen.
Comments
1. When a SCREEN command is not present, no information is echoed to the screen.
2. If the option LOG is chosen, the value of the objective function and the maximum
constraint violation at every iteration, as well as indication of satisfied convergence
ratios, are echoed to the screen.

SDISPLACEMENT
SDISPLACEMENT - Output Request
Description
The SDISPLACEMENT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request the form and type of modal participation displacements output for all subcases or
Format
SDISPLACEMENT (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for normal
Default = blank modes, frequency response, and transient subcases. It
will be ignored without warning if used elsewhere.

grouped together.

blank: SORT1 is used for all results except for

transient analysis, where SORT2 is used.
format <H3D, PUNCH, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format

OP2, PLOT, blank> (.h3d file).
Default = blank PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch





form <REAL, IMAG, REAL, IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real and
PHASE> imaginary) of complex output.
Default = REAL
PHASE: Provides polar format (magnitude and
phase) of complex output. Phase
output is in degrees.

option <YES, ALL, YES, ALL, blank: Results are output.

NO, NONE>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Results are not output.
Comments
1. When the SDISPLACEMENT command is not present, modal participation displacements are
not output.
2. The SDISPLACEMENT command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal
transient solution sequences.
3. The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O options may be used to control the amount of output.
dominates.

8. The abbreviation SDISP is interchangeable with SDISPLACEMENT.
format (.op2 file).

SENSITIVITY
I/O Options Entry
SENSITIVITY - Output Request
Description
The SENSITIVITY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of
the responses and sensitivities for size and shape design variables to a Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet.
Format
SENSITIVITY = option
option <YES, NO, ALL, NONE, NO, NONE: The results and sensitivities are not
STRESS, NOSTRESS> output.
Default = NONE YES, The results and sensitivities are

NOSTRESS, output excepting stress, strain, and
blank: force responses.
ALL or The results and sensitivities are

STRESS: output including stress, strain, and
force responses.
Comments
1. This command is ignored when OUTPUT, MSSENS command is present.
2. When SENSITIVITY is not present, sensitivity information is not output.
3. The frequency of this output is controlled by the SENSOUT option.
4. For more details on the output format, go to the #.slk file page in the output section of
the Reference Guide.
5. Additional sensitivity output requests for topology, free-sizing and gauge design variables
can be made through OUTPUT,H3DTOPOL and OUTPUT,H3DGAUGE (in H3D format), and
OUTPUT,ASCSENS (ASCII format).

SENSOUT
I/O Options Entry
SENSOUT - Output Control
Description
The SENSOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of responses and sensitivities for size and shape design variables to a Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet.
Format
SENSOUT = frequency
frequency <FIRST, LAST, FIRST: The results and sensitivities are output for the
FL, ALL, N> first iteration only.
Default = FL LAST: The results and sensitivities are output for the
final iteration only.
FL, The results and sensitivities are output for

blank: both the first and last iterations.
ALL: The results and sensitivities are output for all

iterations.
N: The results and sensitivities are output for the

first and last iterations and for every Nth
iteration. If N = 5, output occurs for iterations
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration. All equation and combination
responses are output.
Comments
1. This command is ignored when OUTPUT, MSSENS command is present.

SHAPE
SHAPE - Output Request
Description
The SHAPE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request altered shape output
for a shape optimization.
Format
SHAPE (format_list,type) = option
format <HM, H3D, blank> HM: Results are output in HyperMesh results
format (.res file).
Default = blank
(.h3d file).

type <ALL, DES> ALL: Results are output in all simulations.
Default = DES
DES, Results are only output in the design
blank: history simulations.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Results are output.

NONE> blank:
Default = YES
Comments
1. When the SHAPE command is not present, shape results are output.
2. Shape results are only available for shape, topography, and free-shape optimizations.

3. Outputting the shape results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on the
altered shape.
dominates.

SINTENS
SINTENS - Output Request
Description
The SINTENS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request Sound Intensity
output for all frequency response subcases. The SINTENS command can be used in the I/O
Options or Subcase Information sections to request Sound Intensity output for all subcases or
Format
SINTENS(type) = option
type <PANEL, NOPANEL> PANEL, Sound Intensity is output for both panels
blank: and microphone locations.
Default = PANEL
NOPANEL: Sound Intensity is output only for

microphone locations.
option <ALL> ALL, Sound Intensity is output for all panel

blank: grids and all grids defined as microphone
Default = ALL locations on the RADSND bulk data. In
addition, the total Sound Intensity for
each Panel and all the microphone
locations is output.
Note: Sound Intensity is output only for

microphone locations if
type=NOPANEL is specified.
Comments
1. When the SINTENS command is present, Sound Intensity is output for all RADSND panel
grids and all microphone grids for all frequency response subcases. (If type=NOPANEL is
specified, sound intensity results are output only for microphone locations).
2. Sound Intensity results (via SINTENS) are output to the .h3d file.
3. SINTENS can only be requested for frequency response subcases.

4. Sound intensity is always output for microphone locations regardless of the specified type
(PANEL/NOPANEL).

SPCFORCE
SPCFORCE - Output Request
Description
The SPCFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request single-point force of constraint vector output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
SPCFORCE (sorting,format_list,form,type,peakoutput) = option
elsewhere.

grouped together.
SORT2: Results for each grid/element are grouped

together (See comment 10).
blank: For frequency response analysis, if no grid

SET is specified, SORT1 is used, otherwise,
SORT2 is used.
format <HM, H3D, OPTI, HM: Results are output in HyperMesh results
PUNCH, OP2, format (.res file).
PLOT, blank>
H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d
Default = blank file).

format (.spcf file).

format (.pch file).



form <COMPLEX, REAL, COMPLEX Provides a combined magnitude/phase form

IMAG, PHASE, (HM only), of complex output to the .res file for the
BOTH> blank: HM output format.
Default (HM only)

= COMPLEX REAL, Provides rectangular format (real and
IMAG: imaginary) of complex output.
Default (all other
formats) = REAL
PHASE: Provides polar format (magnitude and
phase) of complex output. Phase output is
in degrees.
BOTH (HM Provides both polar and rectangular formats

only): of complex output.
type <SPARSE, ALL> ALL: Single-point force of constraint is output

for all selected nodes.
Default = SPARSE
SPARSE: Single-point force of constraint is output

only for selected nodes with a component
with a magnitude of 1.0E-10 or greater.

frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, Single-point force of constraint is output
NONE, SID> blank: for all nodes.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Single-point force of constraint is not
output.
SID: If a set ID is given, single-point force of

constraint is output only for nodes listed in
that set.
Comments
1. When an SPCFORCE command is not present, single-point force of constraint vector is not
output.
2. Single-point force of constraint values are highly dependent on mesh density and type of
elements used.
3. For modal frequency analysis, residual forces are zero only in modal space. Therefore,
the single-point force of constraint vector may not be accurate unless all modes are used
in the modal solution. When all possible modes in the model space are used, the modal
frequency analysis solution should match the direct frequency analysis solution.
4. When single-point force of constraint is calculated, the reaction force summary, the load
summary, and the strain energy residuals for the affected subcases are written to the
.out file.
other instances.
dominates.

format (.op2 file).

SPL
SPL - Output Request
Description
The SPL command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
Sound Pressure output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively. SPL can only be
requested for frequency response subcases.
Format
SPL = option
option <ALL> ALL, Sound Pressure is output for all grids

blank: defined as microphone locations on the
Default = ALL RADSND bulk data.
Comments
1. When the SPL command is present, Sound Pressure is output for all microphone grids for
all frequency response subcases.
2. Sound Pressure results (via SPL) are output to the .h3d file.

SPOWER
SPOWER - Output Request
Description
The SPOWER command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request Sound Power output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively. SPOWER can
only be requested for frequency response subcases.
Format
SPOWER(type) = option
type <PANEL, NOPANEL> PANEL, Sound Power is output for both panels
blank: and microphone locations.
Default = PANEL
NOPANEL: Sound Power is output only for

microphone locations.
option <ALL> ALL, Sound Power is output for all panel grids
blank: and all grids defined as microphone
Default = ALL locations on the RADSND bulk data. In
addition, the total Sound Power for each
Panel and all the microphone locations is
output.
Note:
Sound Power is output only for

microphone locations if type=NOPANEL is
specified.
Comments
1. When the SPOWER command is present, Sound Power is output for all RADSND panel grids
and all microphone grids for all frequency response subcases. (If type=NOPANEL is
specified, sound power results are output only for microphone locations).
2. Sound power is always output for microphone locations regardless of the specified type
(PANEL/NOPANEL).
3. Sound Power results (via SPOWER) are output to the .h3d file.

STRAIN
STRAIN - Output Request
Description
The STRAIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request strain output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
STRAIN
(sorting,format_list,form,type,location,extras_list,random,peakoutput,modal) =
option
Argument Options Descriptions
elsewhere.
SORT1: Results for each frequency/timestep

are grouped together.

blank: For frequency response analysis, if no

element SET is specified, SORT1 is
used, otherwise, SORT2 is used; for
transient analysis, SORT2 is used.

PUNCH, OP2, results format (.res file). Refer to
PLOT, blank> Strain Results Written in HyperMesh
.res Format.
Default = blank
(.h3d file). Refer to Strain Results
Written in HyperView .h3d Format.


results format (.strn file).

results format (.pch file). Refer to
Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2
and .pch Formats.

format (.op2 file) (see comment 15,
and also refer to Strain Results
Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch
Formats).

format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST
is defined in the bulk data section.
Refer to Strain Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in the

bulk data section, this format allows
the form for complex results to be
defined for XYPUNCH output without
having other output.

available.
form <COMPLEX, REAL, COMPLEX (HM Provides a combined magnitude/phase

IMAG, PHASE, only), blank: form of complex output to the .res
BOTH> file for the HM output format.
Default (HM REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real and

only) = COMPLEX imaginary) of complex output.
Default (all other PHASE: Provides polar format (phase and

formats) = REAL magnitude) of complex output.
BOTH (HM only): Provides both rectangular and polar


type <VON, PRINC, VON: Only von Mises strain results are
MAXS, SHEAR, output.
ALL, TENSOR,
DIRECT> PRINC, MAXS, von Mises and maximum principal
SHEAR: strain results are output.
Default = ALL
ALL: All strain results are output.
TENSOR: All strain results are output. Tensor

format is used for H3D output.
DIRECT: All strain results are output. Direct

format is used for H3D output.
location <CENTER, CENTER: Element strains for shell and solid

CUBIC, SGAGE, elements are output at the element
CORNER, BILIN> center only.
Default = CENTER
CUBIC: Element strains for shell and solid
elements are output at the element
center and grid points using the
strain gage approach with cubic
bending correction.
SGAGE: Element strains for shell and solid

elements are output at the element
center and grid points using the
strain gage approach.
CORNER or Element strains for shell elements are

BILIN: output at the element center and at
the grid points using bilinear
extrapolation. (see comment 11)
extras <MECH, THER, MECH: Output Mechanical strain (in addition

PLASTIC> to total strain). This output is only
No default

THER: Output Thermal strain (in addition to

total strain). This output is only
PLASTIC: Output Plastic strain (in addition to

total strain). This output is only
random <PSDF, RMS> PSDF: Requests PSD and RMS results from
random response analysis to be
No default output for solid and shell elements
only (See comment 13).
Only valid for the H3D format. The

"RMS over Frequencies" output is at
the end of the Random results in the
.h3d file.

response analysis to be output for
solid and shell elements only (see
comment 13).

filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT
Default = blank card will be considered for this
output.
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present, strain results of

the structural modes and residual
Default = blank vectors are output to the PUNCH,
OUTPUT2 and H3D files for modal
frequency response and transient
analyses.

option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Results are output for all elements.
NONE, SID,
PSID>
Default = ALL
SID: If a set ID is given, results are output

only for elements listed in that set.
PSID: If a property set ID is given, results

for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set
are output.
Comments
1. When the STRAIN command is not present, no strain data is output.
2. HyperView can internally derive strain results from the strain tensor when the options
TENSOR or ALL are used. If the option DIRECT is used, it will display the strain results
that were directly computed.
3. The von Mises and Principal stresses are not available for frequency response analysis.
4. For elements that reference PCOMP and PCOMPG properties, the STRAIN I/O option controls
only strain results for the homogenized composite. The CSTRAIN I/O option must be used
to obtain ply strain results.
other instances.
dominates.
10. The mechanical and thermal contributions to strain may be requested in addition to the
total strain.
11. Corner strain of solid element is not available.

13. PSDF and RMS von Mises strain results based on the Segalman Method are also written to
the .h3d file for Random Response Analysis (only available in the H3D format).
14. The four-letter abbreviation STRA is interchangeable with STRAIN.
format (.op2 file).

STRESS/ELSTRESS
STRESS - Output Request
Description
The STRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request stress output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
STRESS (sorting,format_list,form,type,location,random,peakoutput,modal) =
option
sorting <SORT1, SORT2> This argument only applies to the PUNCH

format (.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format
Default = blank (.op2 file) output for normal modes,
frequency response, and transient subcases.
It will be ignored without warning if used
elsewhere.

timestep are grouped
together.
SORT2: Results for each grid/

element are grouped
together (see comment
12).
blank: For normal modes analysis,

SORT1 is used; for
frequency response
analysis, if no element SET
is specified, SORT1 is used,
otherwise, SORT2 is used;
for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.
format <HM, H3D, OPTI, PUNCH, HM: Results are output in

OP2, PATRAN, APATRAN, HyperMesh results format
(.res file). Refer to Stress

PLOT, blank> Results Written in

HyperMesh .res Format.
Default = blank
H3D: Results are output in
Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
Refer to Stress Results
Written in HyperView .h3d
Format.
OPTI: Results are output in

OptiStruct results format
(multiple files).
PUNCH: Results are output in

Nastran punch results
format (.pch file). Refer
to Stress Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch
formats.
OP2: Results are output in

(.op2 file) (see comment
15, and also refer to Stress
Results Written in Nastran
.op2 and .pch Formats).
PATRAN: Results are output in

Patran format (multiple
files).
APATRAN: Results are output in

Patran format (multiple
files).
PLOT: Results are output in

(.op2 file) when PARAM,
POST is defined in the bulk
data section. Refer to
Stress Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch
Formats.
If PARAM, POST is not

defined in the bulk data
section, this format allows

the form for complex

results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output, without
having other output.
blank: Results are output in all

active formats for which
the result is available.
form <COMPLEX, REAL, IMAG, COMPLEX (HM Provides a combined

PHASE, BOTH> only), blank: magnitude/phase form of
complex output to the .res
Default (HM only) = file for the HM output
COMPLEX format.
Default (all other formats)
= REAL REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format
(real and imaginary) of
complex output.
PHASE: Provides polar format

(phase and magnitude) of
complex output.
BOTH (HM Provides both rectangular

only): and polar formats of
complex output.
type <VON, PRINC, MAXS, SHEAR, VON: Only von Mises stress
ALL, TENSOR, DIRECT> results are output (HM,
OPTI, and H3D only).
Default = ALL, TENSOR
PRINC, MAXS, von Mises and maximum
SHEAR: principal stress results are
output (HM and H3D only).
ALL: All stress results are

output.
TENSOR: All stress results are

output. Tensor format is
used for H3D output.

DIRECT: All stress results are

output. Direct format is
used for H3D output.
location <CENTER, CUBIC, SGAGE, CENTER: Element stresses for shell

CORNER, BILIN> and solid elements are
output at the element
Default = CENTER center only.
CUBIC: Element stresses for shell

elements are output at the
element center and grid
points using the strain
gage approach with cubic
bending correction.
SGAGE: Element stresses for shell

elements are output at the
element center and grid
points using the strain
gage approach.
CORNER or Element stresses for shell

BILIN: and solid elements are
output at the element
center and grid points
using bilinear extrapolation.
random <PSDF, RMS> PSDF: Requests PSD and RMS

results from random
No default response analysis to be
output for solid and shell
elements only (See
comment 13).
Only valid for OUTPUT2 and

H3D formats. The "RMS
over Frequencies" output is
at the end of the Random
results in the .h3d file and
labeled "Simulation 1" in
the .op2 file.

RMS: Requests only the “RMS

over Frequencies” result
from random response
analysis to be output for
solid and shell elements
only (See comment 13).
Valid only for OUTPUT2 and

H3D formats. It is labeled
“Simulation 1” in the .op2
file.
peakoutput <PEAKOUT> PEAKOUT: If PEAKOUT is present, only

the filtered frequencies
Default = blank from the PEAKOUT card will
be considered for this
output.
modal <MODAL> MODAL: If MODAL is present,

stresses of the structural
Default = blank modes and residual vectors
are output to the PUNCH
and OUTPUT2 files for modal
frequency response and
transient analysis.
option <YES, ALL, NO, NONE, SID, YES, ALL, blank: Stress results are output
PSID> for all elements.
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Stress results are not

output.
SID: If a set ID is given, stress

results are output only for
elements listed in that set.
PSID: If a property set ID is

given, stress results for the
elements referencing
properties listed in the

property set are output.
Comments
1. When a STRESS command is not present, stress results are output for all elements for all
linear static analysis, nonlinear quasi-static gap analysis, and inertia relief analysis
subcases.
2. HyperView can internally derive STRESS results from the stress tensor when the options
TENSOR or ALL are used. If the option DIRECT is used, it will display the stress result that
were directly computed.
3. For elements that reference PCOMP or PCOMPG properties, the STRESS I/O option controls
only stress results for the homogenized composite. The CSTRESS I/O option must be used
to obtain ply stress and failure index results.
4. The Von Mises and Principal stresses are not available for frequency response analyses.
other instances.
dominates.
10. For normal modes analysis output, if there is USET U6 data, the stresses for each residual
displacement vector associated with the USET U6 DOF are also output to the H3D, PUNCH,
and OUTPUT2 files.
11. For modal frequency response and transient analysis, the stress vectors associated with
the residual vectors are written to the .op2 and .pch files after the modal stress vectors
if the keyword MODAL is used.

13. PSDF and RMS von Mises stress results based on the Segalman Method are also written to
the .h3d file for Random Response Analysis (only available in the H3D format).
14. The four-letter abbreviation STRE is interchangeable with STRESS.
format (.op2 file).

SUBTITLE
I/O Options Entry
SUBTITLE - File Header
Description
The SUBTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
define the subtitle for all subcases or for individual subcases respectively.
Format
SUBTITLE = name
name The subtitle for the subcase.
No default
Comments
1. The subtitle is written to the output files.

SVELOCITY
SVELOCITY - Output Request
Description
The SVELOCITY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the form and type of modal participation velocities output for all subcases or individual
Format
SVELOCITY (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file)
Default = blank output for normal modes, frequency response, and


grouped together (see comment
7).
blank: SORT1 is used for all results

except for transient analysis,
where SORT2 is used.
format <H3D, PUNCH, OP2, H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D

PLOT, blank> format (.h3d file).
Default = blank PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran


comment 9).


bulk data section.

available.
form <REAL, IMAG, REAL, IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real

PHASE> and imaginary) of complex
output.
Default = REAL

for this output.
option <YES, ALL, YES, ALL, blank: Results are output.

NO, NONE>
Default = YES NO, NONE: Results are not output.
Comments
1. When the SVELOCITY command is not present, modal participation velocities are not
output.
2. The SVELOCITY command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal transient
solution sequences.
3. The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O Options may be used to control the amount of output.

dominates.
8. The abbreviation SVELO is interchangeable with SVELOCITY.
format (.op2 file).

SYSSETTING
I/O Options Entry
SYSSETTING – Run Control
Description
The SYSSETTING command can be used in the I/O Options section to alter system settings.
Any setting defined here may be over-ridden by command line arguments (see Run Options for
OptiStruct). Most of these options can also be specified in one of the config files (see
OptiStruct Configuration File).
Format
SYSSETTING(setting=option_list,setting=option_list,…)
Examples
SYSSETTING(RAMDISK=100)
SYSSETTING(SCRFMODE=buffered,stripe)
SYSSETTING(SPSYNTAX=mixed,RAMDISK=100,SCRFMODE=buffered,stripe,OS_RAM=1234)
Setting Options Description
BARPROP <STRICT, MIXED> STRICT: The CBAR and CBEAM beam element
connections cannot reference the PBEAM beam
Default = STRICT
property entries, respectively.
MIXED: The CBAR and CBEAM beam element

connections can reference the PBEAM and PBAR
beam property entries, respectively.
BUFFSIZE BUFFSIZE = 16832 The maximum size in 8 byte words of the records of
data written to the .op2 file. Use -1 to turn off
buffering.
CARDLENGTH <Integer> Defines the number of characters read on a single

line in the I/O Options and Subcase Information
Default = 80 sections. This can vary between 80 and 132
characters.
In the Bulk Data section, CARDLENGTH applies to

free and long free format lines only (fixed and long
format lines are always limited to 72 characters).

DUPTOL Integer <0-5> Controls accuracy used during elimination of

potential duplicate cards. Two cards with identical
Default = 0 ID's are replaced by the first one, if all integer
values on both cards match exactly, and all float
values match with accuracy controlled by this
setting, otherwise identical IDs are flagged as
ERROR. Currently only GRID, CORDxx, and base
MAT/PROP entry duplicates are allowed (MATX,
MATT, and PROPX entries do not allow duplicates).
0: no tolerance, the values defined must be an

exact match.
1: for standard fixed 8-character without

exponent, the value must match up to 6 decimal
places.

places.

places.

places.

exponent, the value must match up to just 2
decimal places.
If values are too large or too small to represent

without exponent, then both values must match
exactly when converted to 8-character form. Also,
for negative values, the accuracy is one digit
lower.
H3DVTAG <YES, NO> Appends the version of the H3D format used, onto
the .h3d file output by OptiStruct.
Default = NO
So the results file would then be
{filename}.h3d11 or {filename}.h3d12.
Note: It is not possible to select the H3D format

used for output; this is built into the
executable.
MAXLEN <Integer> Used to define the maximum allowable amount of

memory to be used in MB. There is no default.
MAXLEN is not supported when the MUMPS solver

is used (including –ddm parallel runs).
MINLEN <Integer> Used to define the initial memory allocation in MB.

The default is 10% of OS_RAM. This is the same
as the legacy command, OS_RAM_INIT.
NPROC <Integer> Same as –nproc and -cpu options (see Run

(legacy Options for OptiStruct). Sets number of
command: CPU) Default = 1 processors in a multiprocessor (SMP) run.
OS_RAM <RAM in Mbytes> Memory limit in Mb. The solver will attempt to run
at least the minimum core solution regardless of
Default = 1Gbyte the memory limit. See Memory Limititations in the
User’s Guide for details.
PLOTELID <UNIQUE, ALLOWFIX> Controls the numbering scheme of the PLOTEL ID.
Default = UNIQUE UNIQUE requires all PLOTEL elements have unique

element IDs.
ALLOWFIX allows OptiStruct to automatically fix ID

collisions for PLOTEL. If PLOTEL elements have the
same IDs as some other elements, OptiStruct
renumbers the IDs of all PLOTEL by adding a large
offset value.
RAM_SAFETY <Real> Same as -rsf option. (see Run Options for

OptiStruct).
Default = 1.0
RAMDISK <RAM in Mbytes> Specifies an area in RAM allocated to store

information which otherwise would be stored in
Default = See comment scratch files on the hard drive.
5
See comment 5 below for more details.
SAVEFILE SAVEFILE = OUT SAVEFILE controls the behavior of the solver when
an output file with the same name already exists
when the program starts.
SAVEFILE = ALL will prevent overwriting output

files by renaming an existing file by adding numeric

suffix, for example, jobname.h3d will be renamed
to jobname_nnn.h3d where nnn represents the
smallest number for file which does not exists yet.
This option tries to preserve files with all known
extensions, and it may use a large amount of disk
space if the same run is repeated multiple times.
SAVEFILE = OUT (default) will preserve only .out

and .stat files.
SAVEFILE = NONE will allow the solver to overwrite

any existing file.
SAVEFILE = ext, where ext is arbitrary file

extension (case insensitive, up to 9 characters).
See comments 8 and 9.
SCRFMODE <primary_option, Allows for the selection of different modes of

secondary_option> storing scratch files for a linear solver process
(especially for out-of-core and minimum-core
Primary options: BASIC, modes).
BUFFERED, UNBUFFER,
STRIPE BASIC: FORTRAN mode, direct access file.
Secondary option: BUFFERED: FORTRAN buffered.

MIXFCIO
UNBUFFER: C i/o mode (default).
Default =
1. For Linux: UNBUFFER STRIPE: Stripe main solver files on multiple disks
(except ones marked as slow).
2. For Windows
(without AMSES): MIXFCIO (only valid when combined with
BUFFERED, MIXFCIO BUFFERED): Use C (native) I/O routines instead of
FORTRAN read/write for main solver files.
3. For Windows (using
AMSES): BASIC See comment 7 below for more details.
SKIP10FIELD <CHECK, WARN> To detect disallowed use of potential expansion of

free format, error will be generated when 10 or
Default = CHECK more data fields is found on a bulk data card in free
format. Use SKIP10FIELD=WARN to allow reading
such card (extra fields will be disregarded instead
of causing error).

SPSYNTAX <STRICT, CHECK, Controls how strict the checks are in the reader for
MIXED> mixing GRIDs and SPOINTs.
STRICT: When both grid/component pairs (G#/C#)

Default = CHECK
and grid lists for a given component (as on the
alternate formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data
entries) are defined, this option will require that
the component be 0 or blank when the grid
reference is a scalar point (SPOINT), and that the
component be > 1 when the grid reference is a
structural grid point (GRID).
CHECK: When grid/component pairs (G#/C#) are

defined, this option will require that the component
be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a scalar
point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1
when the grid reference is a structural grid point
(GRID). But when grid lists for a given component
(as on alternate formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk
data entries) are defined, this option will allow the
grid reference to be scalar points (SPOINT) or
structural grid points (GRID) when the component
is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these as 0 for
scalar points and as 1 for structural grids.
MIXED: When grid/component pairs (G#/C#) and

grid lists for a given component (as on alternate
formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data entries) are
defined, this option will allow the grid reference to
be scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points
(GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank;
interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and
as 1 for structural grids.
See comment 6 below for more details.
SYNTAX <ALLOWINT, STRICT> Controls how strict the syntax checker in the
reader is.
Default = ALLOWINT
ALLOWINT is the default setting for OptiStruct, and
converts integer values to real values whenever
real values are expected. In those instances,
where the form of the input (Integer or Real)
indicates the nature of the input (for example,
when reading vector entries (X,Y,Z) with alternate
form (GID, , )), a negative integer value in the first
field, or a non-blank value in the second or third
field indicates the (X,Y,Z) format and all fields are

read as real values.
STRICT follows more closely with other Nastran

codes, where integer values may only be entered in
integer value fields and real values must be entered
in real value fields. An error termination will occur
if an integer value is placed in a real value field
when this setting is chosen.
Note: This setting never changes results – it can

only cause the rejection of files that do not
follow the restrictions.
TABSTOPS TABSTOPS = 8 TABSTOPS allows you to change interpretation of

TAB character in the input. By default TAB stops
are spaced by 8 columns, which is standard on all
Unix/Linux terminals. Possible values are 4 (used
often on Windows) and 1 (replace each TAB with
exactly one space).
UNDEFTEMP <STRICT, ZERO> STRICT OptiStruct will error out if there

are some grid points without a
Default = STRICT
specified temperature (that is, a
minimum of one, but not all, grid
points in the model has a specified
temperature). The error message
includes information about GRID ID,
Element ID, and Load Set number.
ZERO OptiStruct will use a value of zero

for grids without a specified
temperature (that is, a minimum of
one, but not all, grid points in the
model has a specified
temperature). This allows users to
revert to the behavior of versions
prior to OptiStruct 13.0.
UPDATE UPDATE option Controls the behavior of

(quiet, verbose, ASSIGN,UPDATE,<filename>.
strict, off, unique,
permissive) quiet Less output (default).
Defaults = quiet and verbose More output including old and new
strict values.

strict Do not allow non-supported cards

in update deck (default).
off Disable update.
unique Each ID only once.
permissive Allow all cards and repeat IDs.
Choose only one option from: quiet, verbose.
Choose only one option from: strict, off,

unique, permissive.
USERAM <RAM in Mbytes> Memory limit in Mb. The solver will use more than
the minimum memory required up to this limit, but
only if it improves the speed of the solution. See
Memory Limitations in the User’s Guide for details.
Comments
1. The number of fields in this card is not limited to 10, but it is limited by the current line
length (default 80).
2. Continuation lines are not allowed, multiple SYSSETTING cards are allowed.
3. The settings CPU and NPROC are interchangeable, and can also be specified on the
command line.
4. Each option except SCRFMODE must have exactly one argument. SCRFMODE arguments
should be comma separated.
5. For RAMDISK setting:

a) Use of a virtual disk instead of physical files may speed up solutions by reducing wait
time to access physical disk drives. Note that the use of RAMDISK will reduce the
amount of memory available for the solver and for file buffering performed by the
operating system (by Linux or Windows), and because of that it may not always
reduce the wall clock time for the solution. The most impact can be observed on
machines with very large physical memory (20GB or more) or when used to speed-up
main solver scratch file access using the SCRFMODE setting.
b) RAMDISK is automatically protected for overflow, so it is fine to specify 200MB for
RAMDISK when the total amount of scratch files will be larger than that.
c) RAMDISK is automatically specified for very small jobs, (less than 10,000 GRIDS). This
can be disabled by specifying RAMDISK=0. Automatic RAMDISK is not allocated for
fixed RAM jobs (the -fixlen command line option is used, see Run Options for
OptiStruct).
6. For SPSYNTAX setting:

a) When the component from a grid/component pair or for a list of grids (as on alternate
formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data entries) is greater than 1, the grid reference must
always be a structural grid (GRID).
b) This control may also be set in the OptiStruct Configuration File.
7. For SCRFMODE setting:
a) This command controls the way scratch files from the linear equation solver are written
to the disk. These files are usually written and read several times, often in random
pattern, and this can have a significant impact on the total (wall clock) time for the
solution of large jobs. The default mode is optimal in most configurations, but choosing
between BASIC, BUFFERED or UNBUFFER may improve speed for some hardware and/or
some types of solution sequences, especially jobs including Lanczos eigenvalue solver.
b) In out-of-core and minimum-core solver modes, the solver creates one large scratch
file for each subcase and this file may be optionally located across multiple TMPDIRs.
In order to use this capability, SCRFMODE=STRIPE must be defined, otherwise the same
method as for other files (BASIC, BUFFERED or UNBUFFER) is used, and this large file
must therefore fit on a single TMPDIR.
c) STRIPE mode can be used when all TMPDIRs (not marked as SLOW) are fully
independent (that is, they should not be partitions on the same physical drive). This
mode results in the access to all disks similar to RAID0 - consecutive blocks of data
are split between separate TMPDIRs, and accessed in parallel, which can speed up disk
access considerably.
Warning: Using STRIPE with TMPDIRs allocated on the

same physical drive (even on different
partitions) will usually slow down the solution by
increasing wait times. Check with your system
administrator for information on the actual
hardware structure of your computer.
d) STRIPE requires multiple TMPDIR cards and has effect only for out-of-core or minimum-
core solutions.
e) Most modern operating systems (Linux in particular) use excess available RAM for the
buffering of disk i/o. The SCRFMODE command will have effect only for jobs which
exceed the capabilities of this buffer.
f) When AMSES is used on Windows, BASIC mode is enforced during AMSES calculations.
g) The –scrfmode option can be specified on the command line (see Run Options for
OptiStruct) – this overrides any information specified in the input file.
8. The SAVEFILE option tries to preserve only files in the start directory, that is, this option
has no effect when the input file is specified with a path, or the OUTFILE option defines a
different location for all output files. Unless SAVEFILE,NONE is specified, standard .out
and .stat files are always renumbered, even if they are created in different folder. All
files are renumbered at program start – .out file is preserved first, and then the same
NNN is used for all files found in the current folder. Only files with default names are
preserved (that is those starting with the same root as outfile). Note that this option
may sometimes cause the solver to fail if it renames the file which is intended for the
input.
9. Multiple SAVEFILE cards overwrite each other (the last one is in effect). Multiple
SAVEFILE,ext cards can be used (up to 5 extensions can be defined), but using of any of
the standard options (NONE/ALL/OUT) empties the list of previously defined extensions.

TCURVE
I/O Options Entry
TCURVE – Output Request
Description
The TCURVE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the plot title for
XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
TCURVE = title
title Character string.
Default = A default title is provided.
Comments
1. TCURVE may not be continued onto the next line.
2. A TCURVE definition applies to all plots defined after TCURVE until another definition of
TCURVE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE = X-A
YTITLE = Y-A
XYPLOT (first plot definition)
YTITLE = Y-B
TCURVE = C-A
XYPLOT (second plot definition)
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B and C-A
to the second plot.

THERMAL
THERMAL – Output Request
Description
The THERMAL command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request temperature output for all heat transfer analysis subcases or individual heat transfer
analysis subcases respectively.
Format
THERMAL (format_list) = option
format <PUNCH, PUNCH: Results are output in Nastran punch results

OP2, PLOT, format (.pch file).
H3D, blank>
Default =
blank

bulk data section.
H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d

file).

option <YES, ALL, YES, ALL, Thermal results are output at all grid points
NO, NONE, blank: for which temperature results are available.
SID>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Thermal results are not output
SID: If a set ID is specified, Thermal results are

output only for grid points referenced by that
set.
Comments
1. When the THERMAL command is not present, thermal results are not output.

2. Thermal output is only available for the heat transfer analysis solution sequence.
3. The PUNCH output produces TEMP bulk data entries, and the SID on the entries will be the
subcase number (=1 if no SUBCASES are specified).
the results available and their respective formats.
5. Temperature output via the THERMAL output request is available for both linear steady
state heat transfer and linear transient heat transfer analyses.
dominates.
format (.op2 file).

THICKNESS
THICKNESS - Output Request
Description
The THICKNESS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request thickness output
for elements referencing a PSHELL or PCOMP property in:
Size/Free-size optimization
Analysis runs
Topology optimization
Format
THICKNESS (format_list, comp) = option
format <HM, H3D, blank> HM: Results are output in HyperMesh

results format (.res file).
Default = blank
format (.h3d file).

available. (See comments 1 and
2)
comp <ALL, DESIGN, ALL: Thickness results are output for

NOPLY> all plies.
Default = DESIGN DESIGN, blank: Thickness results are output for

designable plies only.
NOPLY: No ply thickness results are

output.

option <YES, ALL, NO, NONE> YES, ALL, blank: Thickness results are output
Default = YES
NO, NONE: Thickness results are not output.
Comments
1. When the THICKNESS command is not present, thickness results are output. THICKNESS
results for analysis runs, however, are not output by default and will be output only if
the THICKNESS data entry is present in the solver deck.
2. Thickness results are available for analysis runs, size/free-size optimization, and topology
optimization only.
3. When thickness results are output to the .h3d file, percentage thickness change is also
output.
4. Outputting the density results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on
the density iso-surface in HyperView.
dominates.

THIN
THIN - Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The THIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request thinning and thickness output for all geometric nonlinear analysis subcases or
individual geometric nonlinear analysis subcases respectively.
Format
THIN (format, type) = option

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
available.
type <ALL, THIN, THICK> ALL: Thinning and thickness results

are output.
Default = ALL
THIN: Percentage element thinning only
is output.
THICK: Element thickness only is output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, NONE, YES, ALL, blank: Thinning/thickness are output for
SID, PSID> all elements.
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Thinning/thickness are not

output.
SID: If a set ID is given, thinning/

thickness are output only for
elements listed in that set.

PSID: If a property set ID is given,

thinning/thickness results for the
elements referencing properties
listed in the property set are
output.
Comments
1. THIN is only applicable for geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcase entry.
use on this card.
dominates.

TITLE
I/O Options Entry
TITLE - File Header
Description
The TITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the title for the
OptiStruct job.
Format
TITLE = name
name The title for the job.
No default
Comments
1. The title is printed into the output and results files.

TMPDIR
I/O Options Entry
TMPDIR - Directory Selection
Description
The TMPDIR command is used in the I/O Options section to choose the directory in which the
scratch files are to be written.
Format
TMPDIR = <options> path
options -FILESIZE=n Maximum allowable file size in GB.
SLOW=1 Non-zero value denotes a network drive.
path <directory path> The path to the directory where scratch files are to be
written.
Default = ./
Examples
Windows Operating System
Local Drive
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:\Dir1\Dir2\...\DirN\Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:\Dir1\Dir2\...\DirN\Scratch Files
Network Drive
1. Map the network drive (drive on a remote machine) to a drive (Y:\) on your computer.
2. Use the path to your preferred scratch directory on the mapped network drive as the
“path” argument for TMPDIR.
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 SLOW=1 Y:\Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 SLOW=1 Y:\Scratch Files

Linux Operating System
Local Drive
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 /Dir1/Dir2/.../DirN/Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:/Dir1/Dir2/.../DirN/Scratch Files
Comments
2. Multiple TMPDIR cards are allowed (up to five entries). Scratch files will be allocated in all
directories depending on the options defined (see comments 3 through 8).
3. Before opening any scratch file during the solution process, the solver checks the
available free space on all TMPDIRs and allocates that file on the directory which has most
free space. This algorithm tends to spread disk usage between different directories, but
does not guarantee full usage of each TMPDIR area.
4. The main scratch file used during a linear solver process (that is solution of linear system
or eigen problem) can be split between multiple TMPDIRs (see SCRFMODE).
5. When TMPDIR is marked as SLOW, it is used only after other TMPDIRs are filled up.
Selecting directories for TMPDIR on disk drives shared across the network (that is on
different computers or on centralized file servers) is not recommended, and should be
avoided if possible. Some scratch files (especially for out-of-core and minimum-core
mode) are heavily used, and accessing them across the network will dramatically increase
wall clock time for the solution. The main purpose of the TMPDIR command is to avoid
this delay when work areas (home directories) are allocated on a central server, as is
customary at many large organizations. All scratch files are stored in the specified
directories. The scratch files are automatically removed at the end of the analysis unless
there is a system error or core dump (in which case, the scratch file may need to be
cleaned up manually).
6. See the SCRFMODE setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option for an additional way to use
multiple TMPDIR cards for large jobs.
7. The –tmpdir option can be specified on the command line (see Run Options for
OptiStruct); this overrides any information specified in the input file.
8. The filesize option is needed in rare cases when there is a file size limit imposed by
operating system. This limit is large enough for all practical problems in most cases. The
following cases are known to have a file size limit of 2GB:
FAT32 file system (Windows, sometimes Linux)

ext2 file system (older Linux distributions)
NFS version 2
It is recommended to upgrade hardware and/or operating system in these cases.


TTERM
TTERM - Termination Time for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The TTERM command can be used in a geometric nonlinear subcase to define the termination
time.
Format
TTERM = value
value Termination time for a geometric nonlinear subcase.
Default = 1.0 (Real)
Comments
1. TTERM is only allowed in geometric nonlinear subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS
= NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN subcase entry.

UNITS
I/O Options Entry
UNITS - Unit System for the Model
Description
The UNITS command can be used in the I/O Options section to define a system of units for
the model.
Format
UNITS = system
system <SI, CGS, MPA, SI: International system of units.

BG>
Length: meter = m
No default Mass: kilogram = kg
Time: second = s
Temperature: Kelvin = K
Pressure - Pa
CGS: Centimeter-gram-second system of units.

Length: centimeter = cm
Mass: gram = g
Time: second = s
Pressure = barye = 0.1 Pa
MPA: Mega
Length: millimeter = mm
Mass: tonne = tonne
Time: second = s
Pressure - MPa
BG: British Gravitational system of units.

Length: feet = ft
Mass: slug = slug
Time: second = s
Temperature: Rankine = R

Pressure = Ibf/ft 2
Comments
1. Only one instance of this card is supported. If multiple instances are defined, the last
occurrence will be used.
2. This UNITS data entry is the same as the DTI,UNITS entry.

VELOCITY
VELOCITY - Output Request
Description
The VELOCITY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request velocity vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
VELOCITY(sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput) = option
(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file)
Default = blank output for normal modes, frequency response, and


8).

if no grid SET is specified, SORT1 is
used, otherwise, SORT2 is used;
for transient analysis, SORT2 is
used.

PUNCH, OP2, HG, results format (.res file).
PLOT, blank>

results format (.disp file).



comment 11).

presentation format (_freq.mvw
file and _tran.mvw file) – see
OUTPUT keywords HGFREQ and
HGTRANS.

bulk data section.

the bulk data section, this
format allows the form for
complex results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output without having
other output.

available.

format.
Default (HM only)
= COMPLEX REAL or IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real
and imaginary) of complex
Default (all other output (See comment 9).
formats) = REAL
Phase output is in degrees (See
comment 9).

BOTH (HM only): Provides both polar and

rectangular formats of complex
output.
rotations <ROTA, NOROTA> ROTA: Requests output of rotational

velocity results (in addition to
Default = NOROTA
rotational velocity results).
NOROTA: Rotational velocity results are

not output.

from random response analysis
No default to be output.
Only valid for the H3D format.

The "RMS over Frequencies"
output is at the end of the
Random results.


for this output.
option <YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL, blank: Velocity is output for all nodes.
NONE, SID>
Default = YES NO, NONE: Velocity is not output.

SID: If a set ID is given, velocity is

output only for nodes listed in
that set.
Comments
1. When the VELOCITY command is not present, velocity vector is not output.
2. Velocity output is available for frequency response and transient analysis solution
sequences.
dominates.
10. The four-letter abbreviation VELO is interchangeable with VELOCITY.
format (.op2 file).

XTITLE
I/O Options Entry
XTITLE – Output Request
Description
The XTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the x-axis label for
XYPUNCH or XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
XTITLE = title
Default = blank
Comments
1. XTITLE may not be continued onto the next line.
2. An XTITLE definition applies to all plots defined after XTITLE until another definition of
XTITLE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE = X-A
YTITLE = Y-A
YTITLE = Y-B
TCURVE = C-A
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B, and C-A
to the second plot.

XYPEAK / XYPLOT / XYPUNCH
I/O Options Entry
XYPEAK - Output Request

XYPLOT - Output Request
XYPUNCH - Output Request
Description
The XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and XYPUNCH commands can be used in the I/O Options section to
request output from a random response analysis. The XYPUNCH command can also be used
with the RESPONSE plot-type to request .pch file output from a frequency response analysis.
Format
operation, curve-type, plot-type / entity ID(item code) list
operation <XYPEAK, XYPEAK: Generates a .peak file containing a summary of the

XYPLOT, requested output for random response analysis.
XYPUNCH>
XYPLOT: Generates a HyperGraph session file and related
No default data files for the requested output for random
response analysis.
XYPUNCH: Generates a .pch file for the requested output for

random response analysis.
With the plot-type RESPONSE, this command can

also be used to generate .pch file output for
frequency response analysis.
curve-type <DISP, VELO, DISP: Requests output for displacement.
ACCE, FORCE,
VELO: Requests output for velocity.
STRESS,
STRAIN>
ACCE: Requests output for acceleration.
No default
FORCE: Requests output for force.
For plot-type RESPONSE:

CBUSH and CELAS elements only.

For plot-type PSDF:

CBUSH, CVISC, CDAMP, and CELAS elements only.
STRESS: Requests output for element stress.
For plot-types PSDF and AUTO.
STRAIN: Requests output for element strain.
For plot-types PSDF and AUTO.
plot-type <PSDF, AUTO, PSDF: Requests power spectral density function for
RESPONSE> random response analysis. (see comment 5)
No default
AUTO: Requests autocorrelation for random response
analysis.
RESPONSE: Requests time or frequency in SORT2 format or

grid identification numbers in SORT1 format.
RESPONSE is only supported for the XYPUNCH

operation for frequency response analysis.
entity ID (item List of grid or GRID: Each entry consists of a GRID or SPOINT ID
code) list element, followed by a component of motion (T1, T2, T3,
component R1, R2, or R3) in parentheses. In the components
pairs. of motion, T signifies translation and R signifies
rotation while the numbers indicate the
The list must translational direction or rotational axis.
come after a
slash "/". For frequency response analyses, the
Each entry in components of motion are T1RM, T2RM, T3RM,
the list is T1IP, T2IP, T3IP, R1RM, R2RM, R3RM, R1IP, R2IP,
comma and R3IP, where RM signifies Real or Magnitude
separated. and IP signifies Imaginary or Phase. The type of
the response depends on a preceding output
No default request.
For SPOINTs, the component must be T1, T1RM,

or T1IP.

ELEMENT: For elements, the item code (number code only)

represents a component of the element stress/
strain, which is described in DRESP1 – Frequency
Response Stress/Strain Item Codes and DRESP1 –
_Frequency Response Force Item Codes
Examples
XYPLOT, XYPEAK, VELO, PSDF / 3(T2), 6(T2)
XYPEAK, DISP, AUTO / 223(T3)
XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH, ACCE, PSDF / 8(T1), 9(T1), 8(T2), 9(T2)
Comments
1. Unlike other output requests, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and XYPUNCH may be combined on a single
line (as shown in the example above).
2. If the XYPEAK, XYPLOT, or XYPUNCH commands are not supplied, then no random response
results will be output.
3. If the XYPEAK, XYPLOT, or XYPUNCH commands are supplied, but with an incomplete
definition, an error termination will occur.
4. For complex results, the format of XYPUNCH output (Real/Imaginary or Phase/Magnitude) is

determined by the relevant result output request (ACCELERATION, DISPLACEMENT,
STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE or VELOCITY). Real/Imaginary is the default if not otherwise
indicated.
5. Multiple RANDOM subcase information entries with non-unique ID’s are allowed in a single
model. Therefore, if the plot-type field is set to PSDF, then the RANDOM ID will be added
to the XYPUNCH headers in the corresponding result sections of the .pch file when
multiple RANDOM entries are present in the same deck. If only one RANDOM entry is
present, the RANDOM ID is not printed.

YTITLE
I/O Options Entry
YTITLE – Output Request
Description
The YTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the y-axis label for
XYPUNCH or XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
YTITLE = title
Default = blank
Comments
1. YTITLE may not be continued onto the next line.
2. A YTITLE definition applies to all plots defined after YTITLE until another definition of
YTITLE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE = X-A
YTITLE = Y-A
YTITLE = Y-B
TCURVE = C-A
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B, and C-A
to the second plot.


A2GG
Subcase Information Entry
A2GG - Direct Input Fluid-Structure Coupling Matrix Selection
Description
The A2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
fluid-structure coupling matrix.
Format
A2GG = name
name Name of a fluid-structure coupling matrix that is input in the bulk data
section using the DMIG card.
Comments
1. DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information section.
2. The matrix selected applies to all subcases.
3. The selected fluid-structure coupling matrix is always added to the computed coupling
matrix.
4. The referenced DMIG entry must be a square matrix (field 4 must be 1), where GJ
corresponds to fluid points, CJ = 0, Gi corresponds to structural points, Ci corresponds to
DOF, and Ai corresponds to the area values.
5. Multiple instances of A2GG are not allowed, and will result in an error termination.

ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS - Run Control and Solution Sequence Identifier
Description
The ANALYSIS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request that only a finite
element analysis be performed (optimization input is ignored). It may also be used in the I/O
Options or Subcase Information sections to identify the solution sequence for all subcases or
for individual subcases, respectively.
Format
ANALYSIS = option
option <ONLY, OPTSKIP, The first two options ONLY and OPTSKIP refer to the run
STATICS, NLSTAT, control functionality of the ANALYSIS command:
MODES, MCEIG,
BUCK, DFREQ, ONLY: Performs finite element analysis run only.
MFREQ, DTRAN, Optimization inputs are checked but
MTRAN, DFOUR, ignored.
MFOUR, HEAT,
NLHEAT, MBD, OPTSKIP:
Performs finite element analysis run only.
NLGEOM, IMPDYN,
Optimization inputs are ignored.
EXPDYN, FATIGUE>
Default = ONLY The remaining options refer to the solution sequence

identification functionality of the ANALYSIS command:
STATICS: Linear static or nonlinear quasi-static gap

analysis.
NLSTAT: Nonlinear quasi-static analysis.
HEAT: Linear steady-state heat transfer analysis

or linear transient heat transfer analysis.
NLHEAT: Nonlinear steady-state heat transfer

analysis.
MODES: Normal modes analysis.
MCEIG: Modal complex eigenvalue analysis.

BUCK: Linear buckling analysis.
DFREQ: Direct frequency response analysis.
MFREQ: Modal frequency response analysis.
DTRAN: Direct transient response analysis.
MTRAN: Modal transient response analysis.
DFOUR: Direct transient response analysis through

Fourier transformation.
MFOUR: Model transient response analysis through

Fourier transformation.
MBD: Multi-body dynamics analysis.
NLGEOM: Geometric nonlinear implicit (quasi-)static

analysis.
IMPDYN: Geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic

analysis.
EXPDYN: Geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic

analysis.
FATIGUE: Fatigue analysis.
Comments
1. ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are only applicable in the I/O Options section.
2. ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP may be used in combination with one of the other

ANALYSIS options.
3. When ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are used, all elements (including design

elements) are treated as non-design elements.
4. When ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are used, all properties and grids referenced
by size and shape variables will be set at the values on the associated property and GRID
data.

B2GG
B2GG – Direct Input Viscous Damping Matrix Selection
Description
The B2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
viscous damping matrix.
Format
B2GG = name
name Name of a damping matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1. DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected.
2. This matrix is handled like the damper elements CDAMPi and CVISC.
3. Terms are added to the viscous damping matrix before any constraints are applied.
4. The matrix must be symmetric, that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG entry must contain
the integer 6.
5. When multiple instances of this card occur, the referenced DMIG entries are combined.
This behavior differs from that of Nastran, which only recognizes the last instance of this
card in the same situation.

CMETHOD
CMETHOD – Data Selection
Description
The CMETHOD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the method
for complex eigenvalue extraction.
Format
CMETHOD = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an EIGC bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. Only one CMETHOD entry can be defined in a subcase.
2. A CMETHOD entry is required for complex eigenvalue analysis.
3. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all complex eigenvalue subcases.

CMSMETH
CMSMETH – Run Control
Description
The CMSMETH command can be used in the Subcase Information section to request that only a
component mode synthesis solution be performed and to select a component mode synthesis
method definition to be used.
Format
CMSMETH = option
option <CMSID> CMSID: Identification of a CMSMETH bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. All subcases must have the same MPC reference; in which case it runs the component
mode synthesis (flexible-body preparation) solution sequence using the CMSMETH reference
and the common MPC reference.

CNTNLSUB
CNTNLSUB – Continue nonlinear solution sequence from a preceding nonlinear subcase
Description
The CNTNLSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section to continue a
nonlinear solution from a preceding nonlinear subcase, and thus create complex loading
sequences.
Format
CNTNLSUB = option
Argumen Option Description

t
option <Yes, No, Yes: This nonlinear subcase continues the nonlinear
SID> solution from the nonlinear subcase immediately
preceding.
Default = Yes
"Preceding" refers to the sequence of subcases
in the deck, not the subcase numbering. If
CNTNLSUB,YES is used within a subcase, then
the preceding subcase must be nonlinear
subcase of the same type. If CNTNLSUB,YES is
used above the first subcase, then all the
consecutive nonlinear subcases of the same
type will continue each other (however, other
types of subcases interspersed between
nonlinear ones will “break” the continuation
sequence).
No: This nonlinear subcase executes a new solution

sequence starting from the initial, stress-free
state of the model. See comment 1.
SID: Subcase This nonlinear subcase continues nonlinear

ID solution from SUBCASE SID. SUBCASE SID must
precede the current subcase in the deck and
must be a nonlinear subcase of the same type.
See comment 1.

Comments
1. This command applies only to nonlinear subcases.
Nonlinear subcases may only be continued from other nonlinear subcases of the same
analysis type. that is, geometric linear subcases (ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) may only be
continued from other geometric linear subcases, and geometric nonlinear subcases
(ANALYSIS=NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN) may only be continued from other geometric
nonlinear subcases.
2. Only one CNTNLSUB entry can be defined for each subcase.
3. If CNTNLSUB = option is present above the first subcase, it is applied to all nonlinear
subcases. (CNTNLSUB = SID is only allowed within a subcase).
4. CNTNLSUB is mostly relevant in path-dependent problems, such as plasticity or gap/

contact analysis with friction/stick. In these problems, subcase continuation can be used
to create complex loading paths that will typically produce very different results than
simple proportional loading of a single subcase. CNTNLSUB also affects the convergence
history and, to some extent, the results in problems that typically are not path-
dependent, such as gap/contact analysis without friction.

DEFORM
DEFORM – Data Selection
Description
The DEFORM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select an element
deformation set.
Format
DEFORM = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a DEFORM bulk data entry.
Comments
1. Only one DEFORM entry can be defined for each subcase.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all linear static, linear buckling, and
nonlinear quasi-static (Gap/Contact) subcases.

DESOBJ
DESOBJ – Objective Selection
Description
The DESOBJ command is used in the Subcase Information section to select a single response
definition as the objective function of an optimization, or to select system response definitions
when the objective function is the least squares sum of these definitions. The DESOBJ
command also indicates if this response is to be minimized or maximized.
Format
DESOBJ (type) = integer, PROB
type <MIN, MAX, MIN: The objective is to minimize the

MINP, MAXP> response.
Default = MIN MAX: The objective is to maximize the

response.
MINP: The objective is to minimize the percentile

value of the response (see comment 8).
MAXP: The objective is to maximize the

percentile value of the response (see
comment 8).
integer < ID > ID: Identification number of a DRESP1,

DRESP2, DRESP3, or DSYSID bulk data
No default entry.
PROB <Probability> Probability Probability related to the reliability

requirement (see comment 8).
<50.0 < Real <
100.00>

Comments
1. Only one DESOBJ card can be present.
2. For global DRESP1 responses (responses which are not subcase dependent) or DRESP2 or
DRESP3 responses containing either DRESP1L/DRESP2L data or global DRESP1 responses,
the DESOBJ data must be above the first SUBCASE statement.
3. If the DESOBJ data references responses that are subcase specific, then the DESOBJ
statement must be within the appropriate subcase definition and the subcase must be of
the appropriate type.
4. If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a DESOBJ subcase entry, a least squares objective
function is used in the optimization. The objective function is the sum of the squared,
weighted, normalized differences between the target responses and those calculated by
the finite element analysis.
5. DSYSID entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP1, DRESP2,
and DRESP3 entries.
6. DRESP1, DRESP2, and DRESP3 entries referenced by the DSYSID entry can define only a
single response per subcase when the DESOBJ formulation is used.
7. Time dependent responses should not be referenced by the DESOBJ entry. The minmax
formulation should be used for optimization problems that have time-dependent responses
as the objective functions. The minmax formulation can be selected using the MINMAX or
MAXMIN subcase information entry.
8. The MAXP, MINP, and PROB options can be input during a Reliability-based Design
Optimization run. MINP and MAXP are not supported if random design variables or random
parameters are not defined in the model.
9. This entry is represented as an optimization objective in HyperMesh.

DESSUB
DESSUB – Constraint Selection
Description
The DESSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, within a subcase
definition, to select a constraint set that is subcase dependent.
Format
DESSUB = integer
integer < SID > SID: Set identification of a DCONSTR or DCONADD

bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. The constrained response referenced by the DESSUB constraint selection must be subcase
dependent.
2. This entry is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.

DESVAR
DESVAR – Data Selection
Description
The DESVAR command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
design variables for use in an optimization run.
Format
DESVAR = option
option <ALL, SID > ALL: All design variables in the input data, as defined
by DESVAR bulk data entries, are used in the
Default = ALL optimization.
SID: The ID of a SET I/O Option definition. Only

those design variables, as defined by DESVAR
bulk data entries with IDs appearing in the
referenced SET entry are considered in the
optimization.
Comments
1. Only one DESVAR command may appear in the Subcase Information section and should
appear before the first SUBCASE statement.
2. The DESVAR command is optional. If it is absent, all DESVAR bulk data entries will be
used.
3. DESVAR bulk data entries that are not selected by this command are frozen at their initial
values (that is same as setting XINIT=XLB=XUB) and all referenced properties will still be
governed by the DESVAR settings.

DLOAD
DLOAD - Data Selection
Description
The DLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a dynamic load
to be applied in a transient or frequency response problem.
Format
DLOAD = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a DLOAD, TLOAD1, TLOAD2,
RLOAD1, RLOAD2, ACSRCE, or CAALOAD bulk data
No default entry.
Comments
1. RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 are for frequency response loadings.
2. TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 are for transient response loadings.

EIGVRETRIEVE
EIGVRETRIEVE - External Data Selection
Description
The EIGVRETRIEVE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to retrieve
eigenvalue and eigenvector results of a normal modes analysis from an external data file
(.eigv).
Format
EIGVRETRIEVE = integer1, integer2, integer3, ...
integer# <integer> Retrieves eigenvalues and eigenvectors from

external data files for use in a modal frequency
No default response analysis.
The external eigenvalue data file names are of the

form:
<prefix>_#.eigv
where <prefix> is defined by the EIGVNAME I/O

Options entry and # is one of the integer
arguments defined here.
Comments
1. Only one occurrence of EIGVRETRIEVE is permitted per subcase.
2. When multiple integer arguments are provided, eigenvalues are retrieved from multiple
external data files and combined.
3. If EIGVRETRIEVE is not present, eigenvalue and eigenvector results are not retrieved from
external data files and a normal modes analysis is performed for the modal frequency
response or modal transient response analysis subcase.

EIGVSAVE
EIGVSAVE - Output Request
Description
The EIGVSAVE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to output eigenvalue
and eigenvector results of a normal modes analysis to an external data file (.eigv).
Format
EIGVSAVE = integer
integer <integer> Outputs eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained

from a normal modes analysis to an external data
No default file.
The external eigenvalue data file name is of the

form:
<prefix>_#.eigv
where, <prefix> is defined by the EIGVNAME I/O

Options entry and # is the integer argument
defined here.
Comments
1. Only one occurrence of EIGVSAVE per subcase is permitted.
2. If EIGVSAVE is not present, eigenvalue and eigenvector results do not get exported to an
external data file.

ESLTIME
ESLTIME – Data Selection
Description
The ESLTIME command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select particular
time steps for geometric nonlinear response ESLM optimization or Multi-body Dynamics ESLM
optimization.
Format
ESLTIME = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of an ESLTADD or

ESLTIME bulk data entries (see Comments 1 and
No default 2).
Comments
1. Only one ESLTIME entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in
subcases that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, EXPDYN or MBD entry.
2. If the SID referenced by the ESLTIME subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an ESLTADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if an ESLTADD bulk data entry does not exists with the referenced
SID, then any ESLTIME bulk data entries that have this SID will be selected.

EXCLUDE
EXCLUDE - Exclusion Set Selection
Description
The EXCLUDE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
elements to be excluded from a linear buckling analysis.
Format
EXCLUDE = option
option <ESID> ESID - set identification number of an element set.
No default
Comments
1. The element set is defined using the SET bulk data entry.
2. This subcase information entry is only valid when it appears in a buckling subcase.
3. The excluded elements are only removed from the geometric stiffness matrix, resulting in
a buckling analysis with elastic boundary conditions. This means that the excluded
elements may still be showing movement in the buckling mode.
4. Extreme caution is advised when using the EXCLUDE command. In general, excluding any
region from buckling analysis can, and usually will, result in a higher, overestimated critical
load calculation, which then may produce false overconfidence in a structure’s load
bearing capacity. The excluded region will have no effect on the calculated critical load
only if the excluded modes are geometrically separated from, or orthogonal to, the actual
critical buckling mode.
5. A descriptive engineering explanation is as follows: buckling analysis by design seeks the

weakest, least stable configuration of the structure. Excluding any region from this
search can cause you to miss the actual critical buckling mode that involves the
respective region and has the least load bearing capacity.

FATDEF
FATDEF – Data Selection
Description
The FATDEF command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a FATDEF bulk
data entry that will define the elements, and their associated fatigue properties, to be
considered for fatigue analysis.
Format
FATDEF = option
Option < SID > SID: Set identification of a FATDEF bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. FATDEF bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all fatigue analysis subcases.

FATPARM
FATPARM – Data Selection
Description
The FATPARM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a FATPARM
bulk data entry that will define the parameters to be used for a fatigue analysis.
Format
FATPARM = option
Option < SID > SID: Set identification of a FATPARM bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. FATPARM bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all fatigue analysis subcases.

FATSEQ
FATSEQ – Data Selection
Description
The FATSEQ command can be used in the Subcase Information section to indicate that a
subcase is a fatigue analysis subcase and to select a FATSEQ bulk data entry that will define
the loading sequence for the fatigue analysis.
Format
FATSEQ = option
Option < SID > SID: Set identification of a FATSEQ bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. This command may not appear above the first subcase.

FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY - Data Selection
Description
The FREQUENCY command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the set of
forcing frequencies to be solved in a frequency response problem.
Format
FREQUENCY = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of FREQ, FREQ1, FREQ2, FREQ3,
FREQ4, and FREQ5 bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1. A frequency set selection is required for transient response by the Fourier transform
method when TSTEP (FOURIER) is used. The Fourier transform will be performed at the
frequencies specified.
2. All FREQi data with the same set identification number will be used.
3. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each frequency response or transient
subcase without a FREQUENCY command.

GLOBSUB
GLOBSUB - Global Model and Transfer Zone Selection
Description
The GLOBSUB entry can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a subcase that
references the global structure for local-global analysis. A set of grid points in the local
structure that defines the transfer zone can also be specified.
Format
GLOBSUB, SUBID, SID
Argument Value Description
SUBID <integer > 0> Specifies the identification number of the subcase that
contains the global structure definition (via SUBMODEL).
SID <integer > 0> Specifies the set of grid points in the local structure
that defines the transfer zone. The displacements from
the global structure are interpolated and applied to this
set of grid points.
Comments
1. The transfer zone should contain only 3-dimensional elements in both the local and global
structures. Second order elements (for example, CHEXA20) are allowed. There is no
further restriction on element types elsewhere in the structure.
2. The transfer zone may represent single or multiple cuts (sections) through the structure.
Multiple cuts should be separated from each other, that is, they should not exist closer
than the element size of the global model.
3. The GLOBSUB entry should always reference the subcase ID of a global subcase that is
defined above its corresponding local subcase.

GROUNDCHECK
GROUNDCHECK – Rigid Body Motion Grounding Check
Description
The GROUNDCHECK command can be used in the Subcase Information section to perform a
grounding check analysis on the stiffness matrix to expose unintentional constraints by moving
the model rigidly.
Format
GROUNDCHECK(print,GRID=gid,THRESH=thresh) = option
print < PRINT, NOPRINT > PRINT: Write output to the .out file.
Default = PRINT
NOPRINT: Do not write output to the .out file.
grid < GID > Grid Point ID: Reference grid point for the
Default = geometric calculation of the rigid body motion.
center of the
structure.
thresh <e> Maximum strain energy which passes the check.

Default = largest term
in the stiffness matrix,
divided by 1.0E10.
option < YES, NO > YES: Grounding check is performed.

Default = YES
NO: Grounding check is not performed.
Comments
1. GROUNDCHECK must be specified before the first SUBCASE.

2. Grounding check is performed on all degrees-of-freedom of the model and all degrees-of-
freedom that are not constrained by SPC. MPC equations are not used in the check.
3. Any MPC that will be violated due to rigid body modes is reported. An equivalent energy
magnitude is also calculated between MPC violation and the strain energy. The
equivalent energy from MPC violation is added to the strain energy when performing the
grounding check.

IC
IC – Transient and Explicit Analysis Initial Condition Set Selection
Description
The IC command may be used in the Subcase Information section to select initial conditions
for transient and explicit analysis.
Format
IC = option
Example
IC = 10
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of TEMP, TEMPD, TIC,
TICA bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1. TIC and TICA entries will not be used (therefore, no initial conditions) unless selected in
the Subcase Information section.
2. Initial conditions cannot be used with modal transient analysis.

INVEL
INVEL – Multi-Body Initial Velocity Selection
Description
The INVEL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
initial velocity set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
INVEL = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification if INVELB or INVELJ bulk data
entries.
No default
Comments
1. Only one INVEL entry can be present for each subcase.

K2GG
K2GG - Direct Input Stiffness Matrix Selection
Description
The K2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
stiffness matrix.
Format
K2GG = name
name Name of a stiffness matrix that is input in the bulk data section using
the DMIG card or name list, with or without factors.
Example
K2GG=KAAX
K2GG=1.25*KAAX,1.5*KBBX
Comments
the integer 6.
5. The entries in the name list are separated by comma or blank. With factors, each entry
consists of a factor followed by a star and a name. The factors are real numbers.

K2PP
K2PP - Direct Input Stiffness Matrix Selection
Description
The K2PP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
stiffness matrix, which is not included in normal modes.
Format
K2PP = name
name Name of a stiffness matrix that is input in the bulk data section using
the DMIG card.
Comments
3. K2PP matrices are used only in dynamic response problems. They are not used in normal
modes.

K42GG
K42GG - Direct Input Structural Element Damping Matrix Selection
Description
The K42GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
structural element damping matrix.
Format
K42GG = name
name Name of a damping matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1. DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected.
2. This matrix is handled like the contributions from the structural element damping
coefficients GE on MATi, PBUSH, and PELAS.
3. Terms are added to the damping matrix before any constraints are applied.
the integer 6.

LABEL
LABEL - Subcase Label
Description
The LABEL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to provide a subcase
with a label.
Format
LABEL = name
name Any string of ASCII characters can be used to label a subcase.
Comments
1. This label is inserted into output files for post-processing purposes.

LOAD
LOAD – Data Selection
Description
The LOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a static load set
to be applied in linear static solutions.
Format
LOAD = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a LOAD bulk data entry or,
if no LOAD bulk data entry exists with this SID,
No default the set identification of FORCE, FORCE1,
MOMENT, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2,
PLOAD4, GRAV, RFORCE, and SPCD, bulk data
entries.
Comments
1. Only one LOAD entry can be present for each subcase.
2. A METHOD entry cannot be present in the same subcase definition as a LOAD entry.
3. If the SID referenced by the LOAD subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for a LOAD bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no LOAD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the static
load entries: FORCE, FORCE1, MOMENT, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4,
GRAV, RFORCE, and SPCD, which have this SID will be selected.
4. In versions of OptiStruct prior to 8.0, thermal loads were selected in the Subcase
Information section using the LOAD data selector. In version 8.0, the TEMPERATURE data
selector was added to perform this function. It is possible to revert to the old behavior
mode by setting the LOADTEMP option to SHAREID in the OptiStruct Configuration File.

M2GG
M2GG - Direct Input Mass Matrix Selection
Description
The M2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
mass matrix.
Format
M2GG = name
name Name of a mass matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
the integer 6.
4. By default, mass contribution of the external mass matrix (M2GG) is considered for the
generation of gravity and centrifugal loads.

MBSIM
MBSIM – Multi-Body Simulation Selection
Description
The MBSIM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
simulation definition to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MBSIM = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of MBSEQ, MBSIM, or MBLIN bulk
data entries.
No default
Comments
1. Only one MBSIM entry can be present for each subcase.
3. MBSIM can be used to select only one bulk data entry. MBSEQ, MBSIM, and MBLIN must
have unique IDs.

METHOD
METHOD - Data Selection
Description
The METHOD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a method for
real eigenvalue extraction.
Format
METHOD (type) = option
type <STRUCTURE, The referenced EIGRL or EIGRA bulk data entry is applied
FLUID> to the structural (STRUCTURE) or fluid (FLUID) portion of
the model.
Default =
Structure
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an EIGRL or EIGRA bulk data
entry.
No default
Comments
1. Only one METHOD entry of each type can be defined for each subcase.
If only one type of METHOD entry is defined (either METHOD(STRUCTURE) or

METHOD(FLUID)), this definition will be used for both the structure and the fluid portion of
the model.
2. A METHOD entry cannot be present in the same subcase definition as a LOAD entry.
3. A METHOD entry is required for normal modes, linear buckling, modal frequency response,
and modal transient response solution sequences.
4. If present above the first subcase, it is used in all subsequent subcases which can accept
a METHOD entry. However, this does not apply to subcases which already contain their
own METHOD entry.
5. AMSES can be used for the fluid (FLUID) part of the model. METHOD(FLUID) can reference
an EIGRA bulk data entry.

MFLUID
MFLUID - Virtual Fluid Mass Selection
Description
The MFLUID command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the
parameters and damp elements and activate the calculation of virtual fluid mass.
Format
MFLUID = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of one or more MFLUID
bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1. Only one MFLUID entry can be present.
2. MFLUID may be requested for a normal modes, complex eigenvalue, frequency response,
or transient response analysis.

MINMAX or MAXMIN
MINMAX / MAXMIN - Objective Selection
Description
The MINMAX or MAXMIN commands can be used in the Subcase Information section to select
normalized response or system identification definitions as the objective function for a
"Minmax" or "Maxmin" optimization.
Format
MINMAX = integer
MAXMIN = integer
integer < DOID > DOID: Design objective identification number of a

DOBJREF or DSYSID bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. Multiple MINMAX entries are allowed and multiple MAXMIN entries are allowed, but a MAXMIN
entry cannot appear in the same input file as a MINMAX entry.
2. The multiple MINMAX or MAXMIN entries define the same optimization problem.
3. Refer to the Optimization Problem page of the User's Guide for more information on
"Minmax" optimization.
4. If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a MINMAX or a MAXMIN subcase entry, the beta
method is applied in the optimization as follows:
5. This entry is represented as an optimization objective in HyperMesh.

MLOAD
MLOAD – Multi-Body Load Selection
Description
The MLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
load set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MLOAD = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of GRAV, MBFRC, MBFRCC,
MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC,
No default MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC,
MBSMNTE, and MLOAD bulk data entries.
Comments
1. Only one MLOAD entry can be present for each subcase.
3. If the SID referenced by the MLOAD subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an MLOAD bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MLOAD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multi-
body load entries: GRAV, MBFRC, MBFCC, MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC,
MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC, or MBSMNTE which have this SID will be
selected.

MODESELECT
MODESELECT – Mode Selection
Description
The MODESELECT command can be used in the I/O Options or the Subcase Information section
to select a subset of computed modes in modal dynamic analysis subcases.
Format
MODESELECT (type) = n
Mode selection based on arbitrary mode numbers.
Alternate Format 1
MODESELECT (type, LMODES = lm)
Mode selection based on lowest modes.
Alternate Format 2
MODESELECT (type, LMODENM = lom, HMODENM = him)
Mode selection based on a range of mode numbers.
Alternate Format 3
MODESELECT (type, LFREQ = lof, HFREQ = hif, UNCONSET = m)
Mode selection based on a range of frequencies.
type STRUCTURE If STRUCTURE is specified, the MODESELECT command

references modes associated with structural analysis only.
(Default)
FLUID If FLUID is specified, the MODESELECT command references

modes associated with fluid analysis only.
n n > 0 Set identification number n of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set n
(Integer)
will be included in the analysis. If no such set exists, then
mode n will be included in the analysis.
n < 0 Set identification number |n| of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set |
(Integer)
n| will be excluded from the analysis. If no such set exists,

then mode |n| will be excluded from the analysis.
LMODES lm Specifies the number of lowest modes to be selected.
(Integer > 0)
LMODENM lom Specifies the lower bound of the mode number range for
selecting modes (See comment 3).
(Integer > 0)
HMODENM him Specifies the upper bound of the mode number range for
(Integer > lom
> 0)
LFREQ lof Specifies the lower bound of the frequency range for
(Real > 0.0)
HFREQ hif Specifies the upper bound of the frequency range for
(Real > lof >
0.0)
UNCONSET UNCONSET This flag indicates that the following fields specify a single
mode or a set of modes for unconditional inclusion or
exclusion.
m m > 0 Set identification number m of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set m
(Integer)
will be unconditionally included in the analysis. If no such set
exists, then mode m will be unconditionally included in the
analysis.
m < 0 Set identification number |m| of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set |
(Integer)
m| will be unconditionally excluded from the analysis. If no
such set exists, then mode |m| will be unconditionally
excluded from the analysis.
Comments
1. The MODESELECT I/O Options entry is only supported in modal frequency response, modal
transient and complex eignenvalue analyses. It is not supported in Response Spectrum
Analysis.
2. Multiple MODESELECT entries are allowed in a model. MODESELECT entries can be specified
above the first subcase or within each subcase.

3. If LMODENM is specified without HMODENM, a default value of 10000000 (ten million) is
assumed for HMODENM. If HMODENM is specified without LMODENM, a default value of 1 is
assumed for LMODENM.
LMODENM HMODENM
Defaults specified 1.0E+7
1 specified
4. If LFREQ is specified without HFREQ, a default value of 1.0E+30 is assumed for HFREQ. If
HFREQ is specified without LFREQ, a default value of 0.0 is assumed for LFREQ.
LFREQ HFREQ
Defaults specified 1.0E+30
0.0 specified
5. When the MODESELECT Case Control command is used in conjunction with the parameter
LFREQ, the MODESELECT Case Control takes precedence.
6. If the use of MODESELECT results in all or none of the computed modes for use, you are
informed with a message.
7. The faster method for modal frequency response analysis (activated by

PARAM,FASTFR,YES) cannot be used in conjunction with MODESELECT.
8. Modes that are eliminated by MODESELECT will display:
a) an “S” next to the mode number, if the mode is eliminated by MODESELECT in one
subcase and PARAM, LFREQ or PARAM, HFREQ in another subcase, or
b) an “M” next to the mode number, if eliminated by MODESELECT in at least one

subcase.

MODEWEIGHT
MODEWEIGHT - Optimization Parameter
Description
The MODEWEIGHT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a
multiplier for computed eigenvalues that are to be used in the calculation of the "weighted
reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization responses.
Format
MODEWEIGHT (mode) = weight
mode Mode number.
No default (0 < Integer < highest calculated mode)
weight The multiplier to be used for the corresponding mode in the calculation of
"weighted reciprocal eigenvalue" or "combined compliance index."
Comments
1. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if no mode number is provided.
2. Modes for which there is no MODEWEIGHT definition are not included in the calculation of
the "weighted reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization
responses.
3. Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on "weighted
reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization response
calculations.
4. MODEWEIGHT is only used in conjunction with DRESP1, RTYPE = WFREQ, COMB.
5. If there is no MODEWEIGHT defined, but a DRESP1 with RTYPE = WCOMP exists, the
following default is applied:
MODEWEIGHT (1) = 1.0 in most cases for topology optimization.
MODEWEIGHT (7) = 1.0 if no SPC is defined for the subcase, EIGRL does not define a V1
> 0.0, and it is solving for more than 6 modes or all modes below an upper bound.
6. This entry is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.

MODTRAK
MODTRAK – Controls Mode Tracking
Description
The MODTRAK command can be used in the Subcase Information section to control mode
tracking.
Format
MODTRAK = option
option <ON, OFF, blank> ON or blank: Mode tracking is active.
Default = OFF
OFF: Mode tracking is not active.
Comments
1. MODTRAK entry is only valid for normal modes subcases.
2. If a MODTRAK entry is present in the input, then PARAM, MODETRAK is ignored.
3. Positive integers are accepted as option, and are interpreted as ON.
4. Negative integers or 0 are not accepted as option and will result in an error termination.

MOTION
MOTION – Multi-Body Motion Selection
Description
The MOTION command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
motion set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MOTION = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of MOTION, MOTNG, MOTNGC,
MOTNGE, MOTNJ, MOTNJC, and MOTNJE bulk data
No default entries.
Comments
1. Only one MOTION entry can be present for each subcase.
3. If the SID referenced by the MOTION subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for a MOTION bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MOTION bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multi-
body motion entries: MOTNG, MOTNGC, MOTNGE, MOTNJ, MOTHJC, or MOTIONJE which have
this SID will be selected.

MPC
MPC - Data Selection
Description
The MPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-point
constraint set.
Format
MPC = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a MPCADD bulk data entry or, if
no MPCADD bulk data entry exists with this SID, the
No default set identification of an MPC bulk data entry.
Comments
1. Only one MPC entry can be present for each subcase.
2. If the SID referenced by the MPC subcase information entry matches with the SID defined
for a MPCADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MPCADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then any MPC bulk
data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
3. If present above the first subcase, it is the default for each subcase without an MPC
command, with the exception of linear buckling analysis subcases. Linear buckling
analysis subcases inherit the MPC information from the referenced static subcase.
4. MPC may be set to 0 to override the default in subcases where no MPC is required.

NLOAD
NLOAD - Data Selection
Description
The NLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a time
dependent load to be applied in geometric nonlinear analysis problem.
Format
NLOAD = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an NLOAD or NLOAD1 bulk data
entry.
No default
Comments
1. NLOAD can only be used in subcases that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.

NLPARM
NLPARM - Data Selection
Description
The NLPARM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to activate nonlinear
solution methods for this subcase and to select the parameters used for nonlinear quasi-static
analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit analysis.
Format
NLPARM = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an NLPARM bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. NLPARM bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all linear static subcases. Nonlinear
quasi-static analysis subcases, by their definition, will already have an NLPARM reference
which is used.
3. The NLPARM command is supported in quasi-static analysis, geometric nonlinear analysis,

and optimization subcases.

NONLINEAR
NONLINEAR - Data Selection
Description
The NONLINEAR command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a
nonlinear dynamic load set for direct transient analyses.
Format
NONLINEAR = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of NOLIN1, NOLIN2, NOLIN3,
NOLIN4 or NLRGAP bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1. NONLINEAR is only allowed in direct transient analysis subcases.

NORM
NORM - Optimization Parameter
Description
The NORM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a normalization
factor used in the computation of the "combined compliance index" optimization response.
Format
NORM = option
option Normalization factor.
Default = OptiStruct determines a weighting factor based on the lowest

eigenvalue and highest compliance of the initial iteration step. (Real)
Comments
1. Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on the "combined
compliance index" optimization response calculation.

NSM
NSM – Data Selection
Description
The NSM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a non-structural
mass set for mass generation. The selector command must appear before the first SUBCASE
statement.
Format
NSM = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of a NSMADD bulk data
entry or, if no NSMADD bulk data entry exists with
No default this SID, the set identification of NSM, NSM1,
NSML and NSML1 bulk data entries.
Comments
1. Only one NSM subcase information entry can be present in the model.
2. This subcase information entry must appear before the first SUBCASE statement.

P2G
P2G – Direct Input Load Matrix Selection
Description
The P2G command is used before the first subcase to select a direct input load matrix.
Format
P2G = name
Examples
P2G = PAX
P2G = PAX + 2*PAY
name Name of a load matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1. Terms are added to the load matrix before any constraints are applied.
2. The DMIG matrix must be rectangular (columnar), that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG
entry must contain the integer 9.
3. A scale factor may be applied to this input using the CP2 parameter (See PARAM bulk data
entry).
4. By default, gravity and centrifugal loads are not generated based on the external mass
matrix (M2GG). In this case, gravity and centrifugal loads should be included in generating
the reduced loads in the DMIG.
6. The P2G statement must be above the first SUBCASE.
7. If the DMIG data referenced by the P2G statement has multiple load columns, then they
are applied in order in the linear and nonlinear static structural analysis subcases. If
there are more static subcases than columns, then only the subcases up to the number
of columns will get loads. If there are more columns than static subcases, then the
number of columns used with be the number of static subcases. For example, if the DMIG
has two columns and there are three static subcases, only the first two subcases will get

loads. If the DMIG has two columns and there is just one static subcase, then only the
first column is used.
8. For more control, to add a single DMIG load to one of multiple static subcases, use
P2GSUB.

P2GSUB
P2GSUB – Direct Input Load Matrix Selection
Description
The P2GSUB command is used in a specific subcase to select a direct input load matrix.
Format
P2GSUB = factor*name (column index)
Examples
P2GSUB = PAX
P2GSUB = PAY(2)
P2GSUB = 2.5*PAZ(3)
factor Optional scale factor
<Real>
Default = 1.0
name Name of a load matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
column index Optional column index value
<Integer > 0>
Default = 1
Comments
1. Terms are added to the load matrix before any constraints are applied.
2. The DMIG matrix must be rectangular (columnar), that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG
entry must contain the integer 9.
3. A scale factor may be applied to this input using the CP2 parameter (see PARAM bulk data
entry).
4. By default, gravity and centrifugal loads are not generated based on the external mass
matrix (M2GG). In this case, gravity and centrifugal loads should be included in generating
the reduced loads in the DMIG.

5. Only one name may be specified on each P2GSUB entry. Multiple P2GSUB entries may be
used inside a single subcase section to combine multiple DMIG entries (or to combine
multiple columns from the same DMIG).
6. The P2GSUB statement cannot be specified above the first SUBCASE.

PEAKOUT
PEAKOUT – Data Selection
Description
The PEAKOUT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the criteria
for automatic identification of loading frequencies at which result peaks occur. Other result
output may then be requested at these “peak” loading frequencies. This data selector is for
frequency response solution sequences only.
Format
PEAKOUT = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a PEAKOUT bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. Only one PEAKOUT entry can be defined for each subcase.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all subcases which can accept it but do
not contain a PEAKOUT card.
3. Other result output may be obtained at the peak loading frequencies by using the PEAK
keyword in the option field. Currently, support is only available for PFMODE, PFPANEL,
and PFGRID.
4. OFREQ is ignored when PEAKOUT is used.

PRETENSION
PRETENSION – Data Selection
Description
The PRETENSION command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select and
activate a pretensioning bolt load.
Format
PRETENSION = option
option < PSID > Pretensioning load set identification of a PTADD bulk
data entry or, if no PTADD bulk data entry exists with
this PSID, the set identification of PTFORCE, PTFORC1,
PTADJST and PTADJS1 bulk data entry.
Comments
1. Only one PRETENSION entry can be defined for each subcase.
2. Combinations of PRETENSION and STATSUB(PRETENS) can be used to create more complex

pretensioning sequences.
3. The rules for sequencing pretensioning subcases on the same pretension section are as
follows:
a) Pretensioning force (PTFORCE) can only be activated in the new or “fresh”

pretensioning subcase for a given section. In other words, a subcase with PRETENSION
pointing to PTFORCE cannot also include STATSUB(PRETENS) referencing a subcase that
had already pretensioned this section.
b) Pretensioning adjustment (PTADJST) may be activated in any of the pretensioning
subcases for a given section. The effect of adjustment is cumulative relative to the
pretensioning status reached in the respective previous subcase, as referenced by
STATSUB(PRETENS).

RANDOM
RANDOM – Random Analysis Set Selection
Description
Selects the RANDPS and RANDT1 bulk data entries to be used in random analysis.
Format
RANDOM = n
Example
RANDOM = 177
n (Integer > 0) Set identification of RANDPS and RANDT1 bulk data

entries to be used in random analysis.
Comments
1. This command must select RANDPS bulk data entries in order to perform random analysis.
2. Multiple RANDOM data can exist in the Subcase Information section.
3. This data can be placed anywhere in the Subcase Information section. It is not SUBCASE
specific.

REPGLB
REPGLB – Selection of Response to be Reported without being Constrained.
Description
The REPGLB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, before the first
subcase statement, to select a report set that is not subcase dependent.
Format
REPGLB = integer
integer < DRID > DRID: Set identification of a DREPORT or DREPADD bulk
data entry.
No default
Comments
1. The response referenced by the REPGLB selection must not be subcase dependent.

REPSUB
REPSUB – Selection of Response to be Reported without being Constrained
Description
The REPSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, within a subcase
definition, to select a report set that is subcase dependent.
Format
REPSUB = integer
integer < DRID > DRID: Set identification of a DREPORT or DREPADD bulk
data entry.
No default
Comments
1. The response referenced by the REPSUB selection must be subcase dependent.

RESVEC
RESVEC – Controls Residual Vector Calculation
Description
The RESVEC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to control the
calculation of residual vectors.
Format
RESVEC(type, damping) = option
type <UNITLOD, UNITLOD: Generates residual vectors based on unit

APPLOD> loads at the dynamic loading's degrees of
freedom. A unit load residual vector is
Default = created for every loaded DOF from all
UNITLOD SUBCASEs. For normal modes and modal
complex eigenvalue analysis, a residual
vector is created for each USET and USET1
U6 DOF.
APPLOD: Generates residual vectors based on the

dynamic loading of the modal frequency
response analysis at zero Hz.and transient
analysis at time = zero. For frequency
response analysis, one or two residual
vectors are generated for each SUBCASE
based on whether the real and imaginary
loads are different at zero Hz. A single
residual vector is created for each
transient SUBCASE. The values at each
loaded DOF correspond to the load on that
DOF at zero Hz. or time = zero. APPLOD is
not valid for normal modes analysis and
UNITLOD will always be used.
damping <DAMPLOD, DAMPLOD: Generates a viscous damping residual

NODAMP> vector for each viscous element based on
the eigenvector of the viscous element.
Default =
DAMPLOD

NODAMP: Turns off the generation of the viscous

damping residual vectors.
option <YES, NO> YES: Residual vectors are calculated.
See comments
NO: Residual vectors are not calculated.
for default.
Comments
1. RESVEC can be requested for normal modes, modal complex eigenvalue analysis, modal
frequency response, and modal transient response analysis subcases.
2. If the RESVEC does not exist in a subcase (and is not defined above the first subcase),
then the default is YES for modal frequency response and transient response analysis
subcases, and the default is NO for all other applicable subcases. If a RESVEC card exists
without the YES/NO option, the default is YES.
3. If EXCITEID=SPCD is defined on RLOAD1/RLOAD2 or TLOAD1/TLOAD2, unit residual vectors

for each enforced motion DOF are always computed, even if RESVEC=NO.
4. For normal modes analysis, the unit load method (type=UNITLOD) is applied to the
degrees-of-freedom defined by USET and USET1 U6 entities. If the Lanczos eigensolver is
used then RESVEC=YES must be present. If the AMSES or AMLS eigensolver is used, then
the USET and USET1 U6 residual vectors will always be calculated (even if RESVEC=NO is
specified).
5. Even though DAMPLOD and NODAMP may be defined inside each subcase, the setting from
the last RESVEC data will be used for all of the modal complex eigenvalue analysis, modal
frequency response, and modal transient subcases in the model.
6. Residual vectors from USET and USET1 U6 data are only available for modal complex
eigenvalue analysis when AMSES or AMLS is used to calculate the normal modes. They
are not created if Lanczos is used.
7. For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET and USET1 U6
residual vectors will always be calculated if the AMSES or AMLS eigensolver is used, and
they will never be calculated if the Lanczos eigensolver is used. The RESVEC command
has no effect on the USET and USET1 U6 residual vector creation for modal frequency
response and modal transient analysis.

RGYRO
RGYRO – This data entry can be used in the subcase information section to activate
gyroscopic effects in Rotor dynamics
Description
Identifies a RGYRO bulk data entry that contains information required to implement Rotor
dynamics in Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis and/or Modal Frequency Response Analysis.
Format
RGYRO = option
Example
RGYRO = 3
RGYRO = NO
option <SID,NO> SID: Identification number of a RGYRO bulk data entry.
(Integer)
NO: Gyroscopic effects are not included in any solution

sequences.
Comments
1. Multiple RGYRO subcase information entries are allowed in different subcases, however,
only one RGYRO subcase entry can exist within each subcase.

RSPEC
RSPEC – Data Selection
Description
The RSPEC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to reference combination
rules, excitation degrees of freedom, and input spectra for use in response spectrum analysis.
Format
RSPEC = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an RSPEC bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. Only valid in a response spectrum analysis subcase.
2. Refer to the Response Spectrum Analysis section of the User’s Guide for more details.

RWALL
RWALL – Data Selection
Description
The RWALL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select rigid walls for
geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
RWALL = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an RWALADD bulk data entry
or, if no RWALADD bulk data entry exists with this
No default SID, the set identification of RWALL bulk data
entries.
Comments
1. Only one RWALL entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in subcases
that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.
2. If the SID referenced by the RWALL subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an RWALADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if no RWALADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then
any XHSIT bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.

SDAMPING
SDAMPING - Data Selection
Description
The SDAMPING command can be used in the Subcase Information section to apply modal
damping as a function of natural frequency in modal solutions.
Format
SDAMPING (type) = option
type < STRUCTURE, FLUID > The referenced bulk data entry is applied to the
Default = STRUCTURE structural (STRUCTURE) or fluid (FLUID) portion of
the model.
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a TABDMP1 bulk data
entry.
No default
Comments
1. SDAMPING can only be used in modal transient, modal frequency response and modal
complex eigenvalue analyses; and must reference a TABDMP1 bulk data entry.
2. Only one SDAMPING entry of each type can be defined for each subcase.
3. If only one type of SDAMPING entry is defined (either SDAMPING(STRUCTURE) or

SDAMPING(FLUID)), this definition will be used for both the structure and the fluid portion
of the model.
4. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each modal frequency or modal
transient subcase without an SDAMPING entry.
5. To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency response or Modal transient

analyses when the SDAMPING bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the steps
described here can be followed:
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk
data entry is referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry equal to half of the
value of PARAM, G (that is set the constant value to C/C0).
Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1.

SEINTPNT
SEINTPNT - Selection of Super Element Internal Point
Description
The SEINTPNT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
interior DOF of super elements to be converted to exterior DOF.
Format
SEINTPNT = option
Example
SEINTPNT = 100
BEGIN BULK
SET,100,GRIDC,
+,10643,T1,10643,T2,10643,T3
GRID 10643 1 234 55 322
option <SID> SID refers to the ID of a bulk card SET of type GRIDC.
No default
Comments
1. SEINTPNT can be used when CMS super elements in .h3d files are present in residual runs.
After the conversion, these DOF are part of the analysis DOF and can be used as
connection points, load DOF, response DOF during optimization.
2. SEINTPNT is not supported for fluid grids.
3. GRID point information for interior grids (that are to be converted to exterior grids) should
be included in the GRID bulk data entry, which in turn should be included in the solver
deck if SEINTPNT is used.

SOLVTYP
SOLVTYP - Solver Selection
Description
The SOLVTYP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the solver
for linear and nonlinear static subcases, nonlinear geometric implicit static subcase
(ANALYSIS=NLGEOM), and nonlinear geometric implicit dynamic subcase (ANALYSIS=IMPDYN).
Format
SOLVTYP = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an SOLVTYP bulk data entry.
Selects a SOLVTYP bulk data entry that is used to

define various settings for the solver, such as
different pre-conditioners and convergence criteria
for the solver.
Comments
1. Only one SOLVTYP entry can be defined for each linear and nonlinear static subcases or
nonlinear geometric implicit subcase.
2. If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all compatible linear and nonlinear
static subcases and nonlinear geometric implicit subcases. For more details on subcase
type and solver compatibility, refer to the SOLVTYP bulk data entry.
3. If SOLVTYP is present in a subcase, a solver, specified by the referenced SOLVTYP in the

bulk data, is used in the solution of linear and nonlinear static subcases and nonlinear
geometric implicit subcases. The option selects the SOLVTYP bulk data entry that can be
used to define alternate settings such as different pre-conditioners and convergence
criteria for the solver.
4. In optimization, if the responses DRESP1, RTYPE = DISP, LAMA, STESS, STRAIN,

CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE, or FORCE are present the solver is automatically reverted
to the direct solver.
5. The iterative solver is a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. A Factored

Approximate Inverse Preconditioner is the default method. This solver is also SMP
parallelized.
6. The performance of the iterative solver depends on the conditioning of the stiffness
matrix. For compact solid models, the iterative solver may perform considerably better
than the direct solver in terms of memory usage and elapsed times for a single linear

static subcase. In the case of multiple linear static subcases, the iterative solver may
perform worse than the direct solver. The break-even point is at about 4-6 subcases.
The performance depends on model, hardware, operating system, and potentially the
system load.

SPC
SPC - Data Selection
Description
The SPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a single-point
constraint set.
Format
SPC = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an SPCADD bulk data entry or,
if no SPCADD bulk data entry exists with this SID,
No default the set identification of SPC or SPC1 bulk data
entries.
Comments
1. Only one SPC entry can be present for each subcase.
2. If the SID referenced by the SPC subcase information entry matches with the SID defined
for an SPCADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no SPCADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then any SPC or
SPC1 bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
3. If present above the first subcase, it is the default for each subcase without an SPC
command, with the exception of linear buckling analysis subcases. Linear buckling
analysis subcases inherit the SPC information from the referenced static subcase.
4. SPC may be set to 0 to override the default in subcases where no SPC is required.
5. SPC must be present for linear static solutions. The SID may be set to 0 to run linear
static solutions with no constraints.

STATSUB
STATSUB - Subcase Selection
Description
The STATSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a static
solution subcase.
Format
STATSUB(type) = option
type <BUCKLING, BUCKLING: Referenced static subcase is used in forming

PRELOAD, the geometric stiffness needed for the linear
PRETENS, buckling solution.
STRUCTURE>
PRELOAD: Referenced static subcase defines a preload.
Default =
BUCKLING
PRETENS: Referenced static subcase introduces
pretensioning loads on bolts. (See comment
4).
STRUCTURE: Referenced static subcase will determine the

CONTACT / GAP status for a heat transfer
analysis (See comment 6).
option < SID > SID: Subcase identification number of a static

solution subcase. (See comment 5).
No default
Comments
1. A METHOD entry to define the eigenvalue extraction method is required in addition to a

STATSUB entry for a linear buckling solution subcase.
2. A linear buckling solution cannot be performed on a linear static subcase that uses inertia
relief.
3. STATSUB(PRELOAD) is supported for linear static, normal modes, and direct frequency
response solution sequences.
4. STATSUB(PRETENS) is supported for linear and nonlinear static subcases. Other subcase
types can use STATSUB(PRELOAD), which refers to a pretension subcase, in order to
incorporate the effect of pretensioning on natural frequencies, dynamic solutions, and so

on.
5. STATSUB(PRETENS) can only reference a subcase that precedes the current subcase in
the input deck.
6. STATSUB(STRUCTURE) is supported for both steady-state and transient heat transfer

solution sequences.
7. STATSUB(PRELOAD) can be used with the AMSES eigensolver.

SUBCASE
SUBCASE - Subcase Selection
Description
The SUBCASE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to indicate the start
of a new subcase definition.
Format
SUBCASE = integer
integer Subcase identification number (SID)
No default (Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Each subcase must be declared with a separate SUBCASE header and a unique SID.
2. The SUBCASE header is not needed if there is just one subcase.

SUBCOM
SUBCOM - Combination Subcase Delimiter
Description
Delimits and identifies a combination subcase.
Format
SUBCOM = n
Example
SUBCOM = 125
n Subcase identification number
(Integer > 2)
Comments
1. A SUBSEQ command must follow this command.
2. SUBCOM may only be used with STATIC subcases.
3. Output requests above the subcase level will be used.
4. If the referenced subcases contain thermal loads or element deformations, you must
define the temperature field in the SUBCOM with a TEMP(LOAD) command or the element
deformations with a DEFORM command.
5. If the reference subcases contain STATSUB(PRELOAD), then all of the referenced

subcases must contain the same STATSUB(PRELOAD); the same STATSUB(PRELOAD)
should also be used in the SUBCOM.

SUBMODEL
SUBMODEL - Subcase-specific Model Selection
Description
The SUBMODEL entry can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a submodel as
a set of elements. Subcase entries specific to the selected element set can be used to solve
the submodel without affecting the rest of the structure.
Format
SUBMODEL, SID, SID_r
Argument Value Description
SID <integer>0> Specifies the SID of a SET of elements that defines the
submodel.
SID_R <integer>0>, <integer>0> Specifies the SID of a set of rigid

NONE, blank elements to be included with the
submodel.
NONE: The subcase containing this SUBMODEL

entry will skip all rigid elements in the
input deck.
blank: If SID_r is blank, the subcase containing

this SUBMODEL entry will include all rigid
elements defined in the input deck.
Comments
1. A SUBMODEL entry can only be defined within a subcase and cannot be specified above
the first subcase.
2. The SUBMODEL entry does not automatically apply the specific attributes (loads,
constraints and so on) to the defined submodel. It is your responsibility to specify
corresponding attributes that apply exclusively to the subcase-specific model defined via
SUBMODEL.

SUBSEQ
SUBSEQ - Subcase Sequence Coefficients
Description
Gives the coefficients for forming a linear combination of the previous static subcases.
Format
SUBSEQ=R1 [, R2, R3, ..., Rn]
Example
SUBSEQ=1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 2.0
Ri Coefficients of the previously occurring static subcases.
(Real)
Comments
1. Can only appear after a SUBCOM command.
2. R1 to Rn refer to the immediately preceding statis subcases. Rn is applied to the most

recently appearing static subcase, R(n-1) is applied to the second most recently
appearing static subcase, and so on. The embedded comments ($) describe the following
example:
DISPL = ALL
SUBCASE 1
SUBCASE 2
SUBCOM 3
SUBSEQ = 1.0, -1.0 $ SUBCASE 1 - SUBCASE 2
SUBCASE 11
SUBCASE 12
SUBCOM 13
SUBSEQ = 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0 $ SUBCASE 11 - SUBCASE 12
or
SUBSEQ = 1.0, -1.0 $ EQUIVALENT TO PRECEDING COMMAND. USE ONLY ONE.

SUPORT1
SUPORT1 - Data Selection
Description
The SUPORT1 command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the fictitious
support set to be applied to the model.
Format
SUPORT1 = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of a SUPORT1 bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. SUPORT1 entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information section by
the SUPORT1 command.
2. SUPORT1 entries will be applied in all subcases.

TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE – Temperature Set Selection
Description
Selects the temperature set to be used in either material property calculations or thermal
loading.
Format
TEMPERATURE (type) = option
Examples
TEMPERATURE(LOAD)=15
TEMP(MATERIAL)=7
TEMPERATURE=7
type <INITIAL, INITIAL: The selected temperature set will be used

MATERIAL, to determine initial temperature
LOAD, BOTH> distribution.
Default = BOTH MATERIAL: The selected temperature set will be used

to determine temperature-dependent
material properties indicated on the MATTi
bulk data entries.
In addition, the SUBCASE ID of a thermal

analysis SUBCASE can be specified. The
calculated temperature field is then used to
determine temperature-dependent material
properties indicated on the MATTi bulk data
entries.
LOAD: The selected temperature set will be used

to determine an equivalent static load.
BOTH: Both MATERIAL and LOAD will use the same

temperature set.
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of TEMP or TEMPD
bulk data entries.
No default

Comments
1. Only one of TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) or TEMPERATURE (INITIAL) is allowed in any

problem and should be specified above the subcase level (although it will be accepted
inside the subcase).
2. TEMPERATURE(BOTH) and TEMPERATURE(LOAD) can be used before the subcase level or

inside the subcase. If used before the subcase level, it will apply to all subcases that do
not have their own TEMP(BOTH) or TEMP(LOAD) command.
3. If multiple temperature-dependent material requests are made (for example, by using

TEMP(MATERIAL) and TEMP(BOTH)), then the last request will be used to define material
properties.
4. The total load applied will be the sum of external (LOAD command), thermal (TEMP(LOAD)
command) and constrained displacement (SPC command) loads.
5. Static and thermal loads should have unique set identification numbers.
6. In linear static analysis, temperature strains are calculated with:
where, A(T0 ) is the thermal expansion coefficient defined on the MATi bulk data entries, T
is the load temperature defined with TEMPERATURE(LOAD), and T0 is the initial temperature
which is defined in one of the following ways:
If TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) and TREF (specified on the MATi or PCOMPi cards) are

specified, then the TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) set will be used as the initial temperature
to calculate both the thermal loads and the material properties.
If TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) and TREF are specified, then TREF will be used as the initial
temperature in calculating the thermal load and the TEMPERATURE (MATERIAL) set will
be used for the calculation of the material properties.
If neither TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) nor TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) are specified, TREF will
be used to calculate both the thermal load and the material properties.
If none of TEMPERATURE(INITIAL),TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL), and TEMPERATURE(BOTH)

is present, TREF will be used to calculate the load. The material properties will be
obtained from the MATi entry. The MATTi is not used in this case.
8. TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) can point to a heat transfer subcase or

TSTRU ID. The temperature field from a steady state heat transfer analysis or at the final
time step of a transient heat transfer analysis will be used.

TSTEP
TSTEP – Transient Time Step Set Selection
Description
The TSTEP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select integration for
transient analysis.
Format
TSTEP (type) = option
Example
TSTEP = 731
TSTEP (FOURIER) = 755
type <TIME, FOURIER> TIME: The transient response is computed by

time step integration in the time domain.
Default = TIME
FOURIER: The transient response is computed in the
frequency domain using the Fourier
transform method.
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of a TSTEP bulk
data entry.
No default
Comments
1. A TSTEP entry must be selected to execute a transient analysis.
2. A TSTEP entry can also be used to execute a transient thermal analysis (only for
type=TIME or Default).
3. For the application of time-dependent loads in modal frequency response analysis, a

TSTEP bulk data entry must be selected by the TSTEP (FOURIER) command. The time-
dependent loads will be recomputed in the frequency domain by a Fourier transform.

TSTEPNL
TSTEPNL – Nonlinear Implicit Dynamics Time Step Set Selection
Description
The TSTEPNL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select integration
and other parameters for nonlinear implicit dynamics analysis.
Format
TSTEPNL = option
Example
TSTEPNL = 731
option < SID > SID: Set identification number of a TSTEPNL

bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. A TSTEPNL entry must be selected to execute a nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis.

TSTRU
TSTRU - Temperature Set ID for Structural Analysis
Description
The TSTRU command can be used in the Subcase Information section to assign a temperature
set identification number to the resulting nodal temperatures of a steady-state heat transfer
analysis or the last time step of a transient heat transfer analysis.
Format
TSTRU = option
option < SID > SID: This is a temperature set identification number.
It may be referenced from a static analysis
Default = Subcase ID subcase, in which case the resulting nodal
temperatures of a steady-state heat transfer
analysis or the last time step of a transient
heat transfer analysis are considered as applied
loads for the static analysis.
Comments
1. TSTRU is only valid in a heat transfer subcase.
2. If TSTRU does not explicitly appear in a heat transfer subcase, then the Subcase ID is
used as the default.
3. A temperature set from a heat transfer analysis will override any temperature set defined
by the bulk data entries TEMP or TEMPD.

WEIGHT
WEIGHT - Optimization Parameter
Description
The WEIGHT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a weighting
factor (multiplier) for the compliances of individual linear static solution subcases, which are
used in the calculation of the "weighted compliance" and "combined compliance index"
optimization responses.
Format
WEIGHT = value
value The multiplier to be used for the compliance of this subcase in the
calculation of "weighted compliance" or "combined compliance index."
Comments
1. Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on "weighted
compliance" and "combined compliance index" optimization response calculations.
2. WEIGHT is only used in conjunction with DRESP1, RTYPE = WCOMP, COMB.
3. If a WEIGHT is not defined in any subcase, but a DRESP1 with RTYPE = WCOMP or COMB
exists, all static subcases are assigned a WEIGHT of 1.0 by default.
4. This entry is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.

XHIST
XHIST – Data Selection
Description
The XHIST command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select time history
output for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
XHIST = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an XHISTADD bulk data entry
or, if no XHISTADD bulk data entry exists with this
No default SID, the set identification of XHIST bulk data
entries.
Comments
1. Only one XHIST entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in subcases
that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.
2. If the SID referenced by the XHIST subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an XHISTADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if no XHISTADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then
any XHSIT bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.

XSTEP
XSTEP – Explicit Analysis Parameter Selection
Description
The XSTEP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to activate the explicit
solution method for this subcase and to select the parameters used for explicit analysis.
Format
XSTEP = option
option < SID > SID: Set identification of an XSTEP bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1. XSTEP bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2. The XSTEP command is supported in explicit analysis and optimization subcases.

Bulk Data Section

ACCLR
Bulk Data Entry
ACCLR – Accelerometer for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines accelerometer for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
AC C LR AID GID FC UT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
AC C LR 100 34 100.0
Field Contents
AID Unique accelerometer identification number.
(Integer > 0)
GID Grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
FCUT Cutoff frequency.
(Real > 0)
Comments
1. The accelerometer option computes a filtered acceleration in the output system.
2. These filtered accelerations provided by an accelerometer are used in either a SENSOR or

in post-processing acceleration time history without aliasing problems.
3. A 4-pole Butterworth filter is used.
4. The recommended value for FCUT is 1650 Hz (1.65 ms-1) to obtain a class 1000 SAE
filtering.

5. In addition to these filtered accelerations, the accelerometer also allows the output of
the integrals of X, Y, and Z of the raw accelerations projected to the output coordinate
system to time history. These quantities are not used by SENSOR.
6. Note that if the coordinates are moving, the integrals of X, Y, and Z raw accelerations
projected to the output coordinate system are not the same as the velocities projected
to the output coordinate system, as described in XHIST. Computation of these integrals
in a post-processor allows retrieving the accelerations projected to the output coordinate
system without aliasing problems. Integration and differentiation are acting like another
filter on top of the 4-pole Butterworth.
7. This card is unsupported in HyperMesh.

ACMODL
Bulk Data Entry
ACMODL – Fluid-Structure Interface Parameters
Description
Defines model parameters for the Fluid-Structure interface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
AC MODL INTER INFOR FSET SSET NORMAL SKNEPS DSKNEPS
INTOL SRC HUNIT MAXSGRID
Field Contents
INTER Fluid-structure interface type.
Default = DIFF (IDENT or DIFF)
INFOR Defines whether grids or elements identified by FSET and SSET are to be
used to define the fluid-structure interface.
Default = GRID (GRID or ELEMENT)
FSET ID of a SET of fluid elements or grids to be considered for the interface.
Default = blank (Integer)
SSET ID of a SET of structural elements or grids to be considered for the interface
Default = blank (Integer)
NORMAL Fluid normal tolerance.
Default = 1.0 when INTER = DIFF;

Default = 0.001 when INTER = IDENT (Real)
SKNEPS Fluid skin growth tolerance (See comments 4 and 5).
DSKNEPS Secondary fluid skin growth tolerance (See comments 4 and 5).

Field Contents
Default = 1.5 * SKNEPS (Real)
INTOL Tolerance of inward normal.
SRCHUNIT Search units. ABS for absolute model units or REL for relative model units
based on element size.
Default = REL (ABS or REL)
MAXSGRID The maximum number of structural grids that can be interfaced with one fluid
element face.
Default = 200 (Integer > 0)
Comments
1. ACMODL card is optional in the deck. If provided, only one ACMODL card is allowed.
2. For INTER=IDENT, the interface would be calculated based on a grid to grid match
between fluid and structural parts. For INTER=IDENT, INFOR must be GRID or blank. Each
grid specified on the FSET/SSET must be able to find a matching interface grid. If either
FSET or SSET is not provided, a searching algorithm would find the grids on the skin of
the surface.
3. For INTER=DIFF, if FSET/SSET is provided, the skin of the surface would be based on the
set. If either FSET or SSET is not provided, a searching algorithm would find the skin of
the surface. The searching algorithm for this case is based on the normal distance from
the fluid face. When INTER=DIFF, a grid to grid match is no longer a requirement.
4. The search box is described by several parameters:

The height of the searching box is based on the NORMAL parameter. If L is the
smallest edge of the fluid element face, the height of the search box would be NORMAL
x L.
SKNEPS represents the enlargement of the plane of the fluid surface used to define the
search box. The diagonal distance, D, from the center of the fluid surface to each
surface grid is pushed out by (1.0+SKNEPS) x D.
DSKNEPS represents a secondary enlargement of the plane of the fluid surface used to
define the search box if SKNEPS fails to find ANY structural elements. The diagonal
distance from the center of the fluid surface to each surface grid is pushed out by (1.0
+DSKNEPS) x D.
INTOL represents a normal direction into the fluid for the case when the fluid protrudes
past the structural interface. It is defined as INTOL x L, where L is the smallest edge
of the fluid element surface.
5. The value required in the secondary fluid skin growth tolerance (DSKNEPS) field must
always be greater than the value of the fluid growth tolerance (SKNEPS).
If the required value of DSKNEPS is less than SKNEPS, then an ERROR message will be
output and the run will be terminated.
If the DSKNEPS field is left blank, a default value equal to 1.5 * SKNEPS is assigned to
it.
6. This card is represented as a control card in HyperMesh.

ACSRCE
Bulk Data Entry
ACSRCE – Acoustic Source
Description
Defines acoustic source as a function of power vs. frequency.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
AC SRC E SID EXC ITEID DELAY DPHASE TP RHO B
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
AC SRC E 111 29 -0.2 87 14 1.0 15
Field Contents
SID Identification number of a dynamic load set.
EXCITEID Identification number of an SLOAD entry set that defines A.
DELAY Defines time delay . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
real, then it directly defines the value of that will be used for all
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry.
Default = 0 (Integer > 0, or Real)
DPHASE Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the identification

number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If it is real, then it

Field Contents
directly defines the value of that will be used for all degrees-of-freedom
that are excited by this dynamic load entry.
TP Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4

entry that gives P(f).
RHO Fluid Density
No default (Real > 0.0)
B Bulk modulus of fluid.
Comments
1.
where,
2. Dynamic load sets must be selected in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
with the command DLOAD = SID.
3. SID must be unique with respect to other dynamic load sets, that is ACSRCE, DLOAD,
RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
4. The referenced EXCITEID, DELAY and DPHASE entries must specify fluid points only.
5. If either DELAY or DPHASE are blank or zero, the corresponding or will be zero.

ASET
Bulk Data Entry
ASET – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the boundary degrees-of-freedom of a superelement assembly for matrix reduction.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ASET G1 C1 G2 C2 G3 C3 G4 C4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ASET 564 4 765 4561 8 5
Field Contents
Gi Grid or scalar point identification numbers.
Ci Component numbers.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 < integer
< 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points.
The components refer to the coordinate system referenced by the grid
points.)
Comments
1. Refer to the User's Guide section on The Direct Matrix Approach for more information on
the use of this card.
2. A fatal error will be issued if the input contains ASET or ASET1, but PARAM, EXTOUT is
not given.

3. When the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or
STRICT, it is required for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank
when the grid reference is a scalar point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when
the grid reference is a structural grid point (GRID). When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is
allowed for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the grid reference be either a scalar point
(SPOINT) or a structural grid point (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank;
interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When the
component is greater than 1, the grid reference must always be a structural grid (GRID).
4. This card is represented as a constraint load in HyperMesh.

ASET1
Bulk Data Entry
ASET1 – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly, Alternate Form
Description
Defines the boundary degrees-of-freedom of a superelement assembly for matrix reduction.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ASET1 C G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7
G8 G9 G10 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ASET1 123 34 88 4 12 19 7 70
1234 65
Alternate Format and Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ASET1 C G1 "THRU" G2
ASET1 123456 88 THRU 207

Field Contents
C Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 < integer
< 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
components refer to the coordinate system referenced by the grid points.)
(Integer > 0, for THRU option, G1 < G2)
Comments
1. If the alternate format is used, all points in the sequence G1 through G2 are not required
to exist, but there must be at least one boundary degree-of-freedom for the model, or a
fatal error will result. Any grids implied in the THRU that do not exist will collectively
produce a warning message, but will otherwise be ignored.
2. Refer to the User's Guide section on The Direct Matrix Approach for more information on
the use of this card.
3. A fatal error will be issued if the input contains ASET or ASET1, but PARAM, EXTOUT is
not given.
MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided for a given component, that the grid
references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points (GRID) when the
component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for
structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT it is required for grid/component pairs
(G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid references are to scalar points
(SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid references are to structural grid
points (GRID). When the component is greater than 1, the grid references must always
be a structural grid (GRID).

BEAD
The BEAD bulk data entry will no longer be supported for the definition of topography
optimization. All definitions must be provided using the DTPG bulk data entry. HyperMesh will
continue to read BEAD entries, but will convert them into DTPG entries.
Information regarding the BEAD entry can be found in the Previously Supported Input section
of the Reference Guide.

BEGIN
Bulk Data Entry
BEGIN – Indicates the beginning of data input for a specific entity.
Description
The BEGIN bulk data entry indicates the beginning of data that is used to describe a specific
entity (or entities) for inclusion in a model. The BEGIN entry is used in conjunction with the
END entry to define the data required for a specific entity.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BEGIN TYPE NAME
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BEGIN FEMODEL Bumper
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BEGIN HYPRBEAM Square
Field Contents
TYPE Specifies the entity type that will be defined by the BEGIN data entry (see
Comment 2).
(HYPRBEAM or FEMODEL)
NAME This field specifies the name of the entity that is defined by the BEGIN entry
(see Comment 2).
(Character String)

Comments
1. The BEGIN and END bulk data entries are used in conjunction to define an entity within
the full model.
2. TYPE = HYPRBEAM:
Data required for the definition of an arbitrary beam section will be specified between the
BEGIN and END data entries.
TYPE = FEMODEL:
In a model containing multiple parts, the parts are included within the full model specifying
part data between the BEGIN and END bulk data entries (the INCLUDE entry can also be
used for part data referencing). The name of the included part should be specified in the
NAME field.
3. The INCLUDE entry, similar to almost any other bulk data entry, is allowed between BEGIN
and END entries. However, BEGIN and END should exist in the same file.
4. Models are often defined in separate files, and the block (BEGIN – END) contains only
INCLUDE entries. It is possible to duplicate a single part by including the same file(s) in
different BEGIN-END blocks.
5. There can be multiple sections of arbitrary beam data; one for each beam section.
6. An example set of data for the definition of an arbitrary beam section is as follows:
BEGIN,HYPRBEAM,SQUARE
$
GRIDS,1,0.0,0.0
GRIDS,2,1.0,0.0
GRIDS,3,1.0,1.0
GRIDS,4,0.0,1.0
$
CSEC2,10,100,1,2
CSEC2,20,100,2,3
CSEC2,30,100,3,4
CSEC2,40,100,4,1
$
PSEC,100,1000,0.1
$
END,HYPRBEAM

BLKHDF
Bulk Data Entry
BLKHDF – Blank Holder Force for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the blank holder force in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BLKHDF BHID MU FORC E TOGGLE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BLKHDF 6 0.3 3.0 0.0
Field Contents
BHID Blank holder identification number.
MU Coefficient of friction.
FORCE Blank holder force.
No default (Real)
TOGGLE Flag assigned based on option (Pressure or Tonnage).
0.0 – Uniform pressure is applied on blank holder.
1.0 – Net force is applied on blank holder.
Comments
1. This entry is only valid with an @HyperForm statement in the first line of the input file.

BMFACE
Bulk Data Entry
BMFACE – Barrier Mesh Face
Description
Defines quad or tria faces that are in turn used to define a barrier to limit the total
deformation for free-shape design regions.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BMFAC E BMID G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BMFAC E 10 8203 8204 8100
Field Contents
BMID Barrier mesh identification number. Referenced from a DSHAPE bulk data
entry.
G# Grid point identification number of connection points. G1, G2, and G3 are
required to define tria faces, G4 is required to define quad faces.
No default (Integer > 0, all unique)
Comments
1. Grid points used in the definition of BMFACE entries cannot be used to define structural
elements.

BNDFIX
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFIX – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using CMSMETH card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFIX GID1 IC 1 GID2 IC 2 GID3 IC 3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFIX 1220 12345
Field Contents
GIDi Grid of scalar point identification numbers.
ICi Component numbers.
Comments
1. BNDFIX and BSET are equivalent.
2. ASET, BNDFIX and BNDFREE; all three are not allowed in the same deck.
3. If BNDFREE and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFIX;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE.
4. If BNDFIX and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFREE;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX.

BNDFIX1
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFIX1 – Fixed Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the fixed (B-set) degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using
CMSMETH card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFIX1 C GID1 GID2 GID3 GID4 "thru" GID6 GID7
GID8 GID9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFIX1 12345 1220 1221 THRU 1229
Field Contents
C Component numbers.
No default (Integer > 0 or blank). Zero or blank for SPOINT and any unique
combination of integers 1 through 6 for grid points with no embedded
blanks.
THRU Keyword to allow a range of GID. THRU can be in any field.

Comments
1. BNDFIX1 and BSET1 are equivalent.
2. The combination of the three ASET/ASET1, BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 are

not allowed together in the same input data.
3. If BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET will be
in the B-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE which will be in the C-set.
4. If BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would
be in C-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX which will be in the B-set.
5. Multiple “thru” sequences can be used on a single card, and can span across continuation
lines.
6. If the "thru" comment is used, G1 and G2 must exist, but the grid points between G1 and
G2 are not required to exist.

BNDFRE1
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFRE1 – Free Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the free (C-set) degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using
CMSMETH card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFRE1 C GID1 GID2 GID3 GID4 "thru" GID6 GID7
GID8 GID9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFRE 12345 1220 1221 thru 1229

1
Field Contents
No default (Integer > 0 or blank). Zero or blank for SPOINT and any unique
combination of integers 1 through 6 for grid points with no embedded blanks.
THRU Keyword to allow a range of GID. THRU can be in any field.

Comments
1. BNDFRE1 and CSET1 are equivalent.
2. The combination of the three ASET/ASET1, BNDFIX/BNDFIX1, and BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 are

not allowed together in the same input data.
3. If BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET will be
in the B-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE which will be in the C-set.
4. If BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would
be in C-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX which will be in the B-set. Any number of
continuations may appear.
lines.

BNDFREE
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFREE – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using CMSMETH card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFREE GID1 IC 1 GID2 IC 2 GID3 IC 3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BNDFREE 1220 12345
Field Contents
ICi Component numbers.
Comments
1. BNDFREE and CSET are equivalent.
2. ASET, BNDFIX and BNDFREE are not allowed in the same deck.
3. If BNDFREE and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFIX;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE.
4. If BNDFIX and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFREE;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX.

BSET
Bulk Data Entry
BSET – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
BSET entry is equivalent to BNDFIX.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFIX Bulk Data Entry.

BSET1
Bulk Data Entry
BSET1– Fixed Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
BSET1 entry is equivalent to BNDFIX1.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFIX1 Bulk Data Entry.

CAABSF
Bulk Data Entry
CAABSF – Frequency-dependant Fluid Acoustic Absorber Element
Description
Defines the frequency-dependant fluid acoustic absorber element in coupled fluid-structural

analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C AABSF EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C AABSF 71 4 1 10 5
Field Contents
EID Unique element identification number.
PID Identification number of a PAABSF property entry.
Gi Grid point identification numbers of fluid connection points.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank)
Input File - mdcaabsf.parm

$$
$$ Optistruct Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 10.0build60
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Optistruct Template Version : 10.0-SA1-120
$$
$$ Template: optistruct
$$
$$
$
DISPLACEMENT(PHASE) = 1
OUTPUT,HGFREQ,ALL
OUTPUT,OPTI,ALL
OUTPUT,H3D,ALL
OUTPUT,PUNCH,ALL
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Case Control Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP 1"Piston_Load" 6
$
SUBCASE 1
LABEL Piston_Load
SPC = 12
METHOD(STRUCTURE) = 4
METHOD(FLUID) = 5
FREQUENCY = 3
DLOAD = 9
XYPUNCH DISP 1/ 11(T1)
$
$HMSET 1 1 "pressure"
SET 1 = 43,55,67,79,91,103,115,
127,139,151,163,175,187,199,
531,543,555,567,579,591,603,
615,627,639,651,663,675,687,
6798
$
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS

$
BEGIN BULK
ACMODL
$$
$$ Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
$$
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES
PARAM,POST,-1
$$
$$ DESVARG Data
$$
$$
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID 9 0.492 0.0 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 10 0.246 0.0 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 12 -0.246 0.0 8.589-16 -1
GRID 13 -0.492 0.0 1.718-15 -1
GRID 14 -0.492 0.246 1.718-15 -1
GRID 15 -0.492 0.492 1.718-15 -1
GRID 16 -0.246 0.492 8.589-16 -1
GRID 17 0.0 0.492 0.0 -1
GRID 18 0.246 0.492 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 19 0.492 0.492 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 20 0.492 0.246 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 21 0.0 0.246 0.0 -1
GRID 22 -0.246 0.246 8.589-16 -1
GRID 23 0.246 0.246 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 24 0.492 -0.246 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 25 0.492 -0.492 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 26 0.246 -0.492 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 27 0.0 -0.492 0.0 -1
GRID 28 -0.246 -0.492 8.589-16 -1
GRID 29 -0.492 -0.492 1.718-15 -1
GRID 30 -0.492 -0.246 1.718-15 -1
GRID 31 0.0 -0.246 0.0 -1
GRID 32 0.246 -0.246 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 33 -0.246 -0.246 8.589-16 -1
GRID 34 0.246 5.049-29-.300073 -1
GRID 35 -5.99-130.0 -.300073 -1
GRID 36 -5.62-130.246 -.300073 -1
GRID 37 0.246 0.246 -.300073 -1
GRID 38 0.246 2.524-29-.600146 -1
GRID 39 -1.2-12 0.0 -.600146 -1
GRID 40 -1.12-120.246 -.600146 -1
GRID 41 0.246 0.246 -.600146 -1
GRID 42 0.246 2.919-29-0.90022 -1
GRID 43 -1.79-120.0 -.900219 -1
GRID 44 -1.68-120.246 -.900219 -1
GRID 45 0.246 0.246 -0.90022 -1
GRID 46 0.246 3.787-29-1.20029 -1
GRID 47 -2.39-120.0 -1.20029 -1
GRID 48 -2.24-120.246 -1.20029 -1
GRID 49 0.246 0.246 -1.20029 -1
GRID 50 0.246 4.733-29-1.50037 -1
GRID 51 -3.0-12 0.0 -1.50037 -1
GRID 52 -2.81-120.246 -1.50037 -1
GRID 53 0.246 0.246 -1.50037 -1
GRID 54 0.246 5.364-29-1.80044 -1
GRID 55 -3.6-12 0.0 -1.80044 -1
GRID 56 -3.37-120.246 -1.80044 -1
GRID 57 0.246 0.246 -1.80044 -1
GRID 58 0.246 6.311-29-2.10051 -1
GRID 59 -4.2-12 0.0 -2.10051 -1
GRID 60 -3.93-120.246 -2.10051 -1
GRID 61 0.246 0.246 -2.10051 -1
GRID 62 0.246 7.258-29-2.40059 -1

GRID 63 -4.79-120.0 -2.40059 -1
GRID 64 -4.49-120.246 -2.40059 -1
GRID 65 0.246 0.246 -2.40059 -1
GRID 66 0.246 8.204-29-2.70066 -1
GRID 67 -5.39-120.0 -2.70066 -1
GRID 68 -5.06-120.246 -2.70066 -1
GRID 69 0.246 0.246 -2.70066 -1
GRID 70 0.246 8.835-29-3.00073 -1
GRID 71 -5.99-120.0 -3.00073 -1
GRID 72 -5.62-120.246 -3.00073 -1
GRID 73 0.246 0.246 -3.00073 -1
GRID 74 0.246 9.782-29-3.30081 -1
GRID 75 -6.59-120.0 -3.30081 -1
GRID 76 -6.18-120.246 -3.30081 -1
GRID 77 0.246 0.246 -3.30081 -1
GRID 78 0.246 1.073-28-3.60088 -1
GRID 79 -7.19-120.0 -3.60088 -1
GRID 80 -6.74-120.246 -3.60088 -1
GRID 81 0.246 0.246 -3.60088 -1
GRID 82 0.246 1.136-28-3.90095 -1
GRID 83 -7.78-120.0 -3.90095 -1
GRID 84 -7.3-12 0.246 -3.90095 -1
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GRID 4091 0.492 -0.492 -18.9045 -1
GRID 4092 0.246 -0.492 -19.2045 -1
GRID 4093 0.492 -0.492 -19.2045 -1
GRID 4094 0.246 -0.492 -19.5046 -1
GRID 4095 0.492 -0.492 -19.5046 -1
GRID 4096 0.246 -0.492 -19.8047 -1
GRID 4097 0.492 -0.492 -19.8047 -1
GRID 4098 0.246 -0.492 -20.1048 -1
GRID 4099 0.492 -0.492 -20.1048 -1
GRID 4100 0.246 -0.492 -20.4048 -1
GRID 4101 0.492 -0.492 -20.4048 -1
GRID 4102 0.246 -0.492 -20.7049 -1
GRID 4103 0.492 -0.492 -20.7049 -1
GRID 4104 0.246 -0.492 -21.005 -1
GRID 4105 0.492 -0.492 -21.005 -1
GRID 4106 0.246 -0.492 -21.3051 -1
GRID 4107 0.492 -0.492 -21.3051 -1
GRID 4108 0.246 -0.492 -21.6051 -1
GRID 4109 0.492 -0.492 -21.6051 -1
GRID 4110 0.246 -0.492 -21.9052 -1
GRID 4111 0.492 -0.492 -21.9052 -1
GRID 4112 0.246 -0.492 -22.2053 -1
GRID 4113 0.492 -0.492 -22.2053 -1
GRID 4114 0.246 -0.492 -22.5053 -1
GRID 4115 0.492 -0.492 -22.5053 -1
GRID 4116 0.246 -0.492 -22.8054 -1
GRID 4117 0.492 -0.492 -22.8054 -1
GRID 4118 0.246 -0.492 -23.1055 -1
GRID 4119 0.492 -0.492 -23.1055 -1
GRID 4120 0.246 -0.492 -23.4056 -1
GRID 4121 0.492 -0.492 -23.4056 -1
GRID 4122 0.246 -0.492 -23.7056 -1
GRID 4123 0.492 -0.492 -23.7056 -1
GRID 4124 0.246 -0.492 -24.0057 -1
GRID 4125 0.492 -0.492 -24.0057 -1
GRID 4126 0.246 -0.492 -24.3058 -1
GRID 4127 0.492 -0.492 -24.3058 -1
GRID 4128 0.246 -0.492 -24.6059 -1
GRID 4129 0.492 -0.492 -24.6059 -1
GRID 4130 0.246 -0.492 -24.9059 -1
GRID 4131 0.492 -0.492 -24.9059 -1
GRID 4132 0.246 -0.492 -25.206 -1

GRID 4133 0.492 -0.492 -25.206 -1
GRID 6776 -0.246 -0.246 8.589-16
GRID 6777 0.246 -0.246 -8.59-16
GRID 6778 0.0 -0.246 0.0
GRID 6779 -0.492 -0.246 1.718-15
GRID 6780 -0.492 -0.492 1.718-15
GRID 6781 -0.246 -0.492 8.589-16
GRID 6782 0.0 -0.492 0.0
GRID 6783 0.246 -0.492 -8.59-16
GRID 6784 0.492 -0.492 -1.72-15
GRID 6785 0.492 -0.246 -1.72-15
GRID 6786 0.246 0.246 -8.59-16
GRID 6787 -0.246 0.246 8.589-16
GRID 6788 0.0 0.246 0.0
GRID 6789 0.492 0.246 -1.72-15
GRID 6790 0.492 0.492 -1.72-15
GRID 6791 0.246 0.492 -8.59-16
GRID 6792 0.0 0.492 0.0
GRID 6793 -0.246 0.492 8.589-16
GRID 6794 -0.492 0.492 1.718-15
GRID 6795 -0.492 0.246 1.718-15
GRID 6796 -0.492 0.0 1.718-15
GRID 6797 -0.246 0.0 8.589-16
GRID 6798 0.0 0.0 0.0
GRID 6799 0.246 0.0 -8.59-16
GRID 6800 0.492 0.0 -1.72-15
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4 5627 1 6778 6798 6799 6777
CQUAD4 5629 1 6782 6778 6777 6783
CQUAD4 6116 1 6777 6799 6800 6785
CQUAD4 6122 1 6783 6777 6785 6784
CQUAD4 6125 1 6799 6798 6788 6786
CQUAD4 6520 1 6779 6796 6797 6776
CQUAD4 6521 1 6776 6797 6798 6778
CQUAD4 6523 1 6780 6779 6776 6781
CQUAD4 6528 1 6781 6776 6778 6782
CQUAD4 6954 1 6797 6796 6795 6787
CQUAD4 7220 1 6788 6787 6793 6792
CQUAD4 7647 1 6787 6795 6794 6793
CQUAD4 7652 1 6798 6797 6787 6788
CQUAD4 7945 1 6786 6788 6792 6791
CQUAD4 7948 1 6789 6786 6791 6790
CQUAD4 7955 1 6800 6799 6786 6789
$
$HMMOVE 5
$ 5627 5629 6116 6122 6125 6520THRU 6521 6523
$ 6528 6954 7220 7647 7652 7945 7948 7955
$
$
$ CHEXA Elements: First Order
$
CHEXA 17 2 10 11 21 23 34 35
+ 36 37
CHEXA 18 2 34 35 36 37 38 39
+ 40 41
CHEXA 19 2 38 39 40 41 42 43
+ 44 45
CHEXA 20 2 42 43 44 45 46 47
+ 48 49
CHEXA 21 2 46 47 48 49 50 51
+ 52 53
CHEXA 22 2 50 51 52 53 54 55
+ 56 57
CHEXA 23 2 54 55 56 57 58 59

+ 60 61
CHEXA 24 2 58 59 60 61 62 63
+ 64 65
CHEXA 25 2 62 63 64 65 66 67
+ 68 69
CHEXA 26 2 66 67 68 69 70 71
+ 72 73
CHEXA 27 2 70 71 72 73 74 75
+ 76 77
CHEXA 28 2 74 75 76 77 78 79
+ 80 81
CHEXA 29 2 78 79 80 81 82 83
+ 84 85
CHEXA 30 2 82 83 84 85 86 87
+ 88 89
CHEXA 31 2 86 87 88 89 90 91
+ 92 93
CHEXA 32 2 90 91 92 93 94 95
+ 96 97
CHEXA 33 2 94 95 96 97 98 99
+ 100 101
CHEXA 34 2 98 99 100 101 102 103
+ 104 105
CHEXA 35 2 102 103 104 105 106 107
+ 108 109
CHEXA 36 2 106 107 108 109 110 111
+ 112 113
CHEXA 37 2 110 111 112 113 114 115
+ 116 117
CHEXA 38 2 114 115 116 117 118 119
+ 120 121
CHEXA 39 2 118 119 120 121 122 123
+ 124 125
CHEXA 40 2 122 123 124 125 126 127
+ 128 129
CHEXA 41 2 126 127 128 129 130 131
+ 132 133
CHEXA 42 2 130 131 132 133 134 135
+ 136 137
CHEXA 43 2 134 135 136 137 138 139
+ 140 141
CHEXA 44 2 138 139 140 141 142 143
+ 144 145
CHEXA 45 2 142 143 144 145 146 147
+ 148 149
CHEXA 46 2 146 147 148 149 150 151
+ 152 153
CHEXA 47 2 150 151 152 153 154 155
+ 156 157
CHEXA 48 2 154 155 156 157 158 159
+ 160 161
CHEXA 49 2 158 159 160 161 162 163
+ 164 165
CHEXA 50 2 162 163 164 165 166 167
+ 168 169
CHEXA 51 2 166 167 168 169 170 171
+ 172 173
CHEXA 52 2 170 171 172 173 174 175
+ 176 177
CHEXA 53 2 174 175 176 177 178 179
+ 180 181
CHEXA 54 2 178 179 180 181 182 183
+ 184 185
CHEXA 55 2 182 183 184 185 186 187
+ 188 189
CHEXA 56 2 186 187 188 189 190 191
+ 192 193
CHEXA 57 2 190 191 192 193 194 195
+ 196 197

CHEXA 58 2 194 195 196 197 198 199
+ 200 201
CHEXA 139 2 198 199 200 201 522 523
+ 524 525
CHEXA 140 2 522 523 524 525 526 527
+ 528 529
CHEXA 141 2 526 527 528 529 530 531
+ 532 533
CHEXA 142 2 530 531 532 533 534 535
+ 536 537
CHEXA 143 2 534 535 536 537 538 539
+ 540 541
CHEXA 144 2 538 539 540 541 542 543
+ 544 545
CHEXA 145 2 542 543 544 545 546 547
+ 548 549
CHEXA 146 2 546 547 548 549 550 551
+ 552 553
CHEXA 147 2 550 551 552 553 554 555
+ 556 557
CHEXA 148 2 554 555 556 557 558 559
+ 560 561
CHEXA 149 2 558 559 560 561 562 563
+ 564 565
CHEXA 150 2 562 563 564 565 566 567
+ 568 569
CHEXA 151 2 566 567 568 569 570 571
+ 572 573
CHEXA 152 2 570 571 572 573 574 575
+ 576 577
CHEXA 153 2 574 575 576 577 578 579
+ 580 581
CHEXA 154 2 578 579 580 581 582 583
+ 584 585
CHEXA 155 2 582 583 584 585 586 587
+ 588 589
CHEXA 156 2 586 587 588 589 590 591
+ 592 593
CHEXA 157 2 590 591 592 593 594 595
+ 596 597
CHEXA 158 2 594 595 596 597 598 599
+ 600 601
CHEXA 159 2 598 599 600 601 602 603
+ 604 605
CHEXA 160 2 602 603 604 605 606 607
+ 608 609
CHEXA 161 2 606 607 608 609 610 611
+ 612 613
CHEXA 162 2 610 611 612 613 614 615
+ 616 617
CHEXA 163 2 614 615 616 617 618 619
+ 620 621
CHEXA 164 2 618 619 620 621 622 623
+ 624 625
CHEXA 165 2 622 623 624 625 626 627
+ 628 629
CHEXA 166 2 626 627 628 629 630 631
+ 632 633
CHEXA 167 2 630 631 632 633 634 635
+ 636 637
CHEXA 168 2 634 635 636 637 638 639
+ 640 641
CHEXA 169 2 638 639 640 641 642 643
+ 644 645
CHEXA 170 2 642 643 644 645 646 647
+ 648 649
CHEXA 171 2 646 647 648 649 650 651
+ 652 653
CHEXA 172 2 650 651 652 653 654 655

+ 656 657
CHEXA 173 2 654 655 656 657 658 659
+ 660 661
CHEXA 174 2 658 659 660 661 662 663
+ 664 665
CHEXA 175 2 662 663 664 665 666 667
+ 668 669
CHEXA 176 2 666 667 668 669 670 671
+ 672 673
CHEXA 177 2 670 671 672 673 674 675
+ 676 677
CHEXA 178 2 674 675 676 677 678 679
+ 680 681
CHEXA 179 2 678 679 680 681 682 683
+ 684 685
CHEXA 180 2 682 683 684 685 686 687
+ 688 689
CHEXA 181 2 9 10 23 20 690 34
+ 37 691
CHEXA 182 2 690 34 37 691 692 38
+ 41 693
CHEXA 183 2 692 38 41 693 694 42
+ 45 695
CHEXA 184 2 694 42 45 695 696 46
+ 49 697
CHEXA 185 2 696 46 49 697 698 50
+ 53 699
CHEXA 186 2 698 50 53 699 700 54
+ 57 701
CHEXA 187 2 700 54 57 701 702 58
+ 61 703
CHEXA 188 2 702 58 61 703 704 62
+ 65 705
CHEXA 189 2 704 62 65 705 706 66
+ 69 707
CHEXA 190 2 706 66 69 707 708 70
+ 73 709
CHEXA 191 2 708 70 73 709 710 74
+ 77 711
CHEXA 192 2 710 74 77 711 712 78
+ 81 713
CHEXA 193 2 712 78 81 713 714 82
+ 85 715
CHEXA 194 2 714 82 85 715 716 86
+ 89 717
CHEXA 195 2 716 86 89 717 718 90
+ 93 719
CHEXA 196 2 718 90 93 719 720 94
+ 97 721
CHEXA 197 2 720 94 97 721 722 98
+ 101 723
CHEXA 198 2 722 98 101 723 724 102
+ 105 725
CHEXA 199 2 724 102 105 725 726 106
+ 109 727
CHEXA 200 2 726 106 109 727 728 110
+ 113 729
CHEXA 201 2 728 110 113 729 730 114
+ 117 731
CHEXA 202 2 730 114 117 731 732 118
+ 121 733
CHEXA 203 2 732 118 121 733 734 122
+ 125 735
CHEXA 204 2 734 122 125 735 736 126
+ 129 737
CHEXA 205 2 736 126 129 737 738 130
+ 133 739
CHEXA 206 2 738 130 133 739 740 134
+ 137 741

CHEXA 207 2 740 134 137 741 742 138
+ 141 743
CHEXA 208 2 742 138 141 743 744 142
+ 145 745
CHEXA 209 2 744 142 145 745 746 146
+ 149 747
CHEXA 210 2 746 146 149 747 748 150
+ 153 749
CHEXA 211 2 748 150 153 749 750 154
+ 157 751
CHEXA 212 2 750 154 157 751 752 158
+ 161 753
CHEXA 213 2 752 158 161 753 754 162
+ 165 755
CHEXA 214 2 754 162 165 755 756 166
+ 169 757
CHEXA 215 2 756 166 169 757 758 170
+ 173 759
CHEXA 216 2 758 170 173 759 760 174
+ 177 761
CHEXA 217 2 760 174 177 761 762 178
+ 181 763
CHEXA 218 2 762 178 181 763 764 182
+ 185 765
CHEXA 219 2 764 182 185 765 766 186
+ 189 767
CHEXA 220 2 766 186 189 767 768 190
+ 193 769
CHEXA 221 2 768 190 193 769 770 194
+ 197 771
CHEXA 222 2 770 194 197 771 772 198
+ 201 773
CHEXA 303 2 772 198 201 773 934 522
+ 525 935
CHEXA 304 2 934 522 525 935 936 526
+ 529 937
CHEXA 305 2 936 526 529 937 938 530
+ 533 939
CHEXA 306 2 938 530 533 939 940 534
+ 537 941
CHEXA 307 2 940 534 537 941 942 538
+ 541 943
CHEXA 308 2 942 538 541 943 944 542
+ 545 945
CHEXA 309 2 944 542 545 945 946 546
+ 549 947
CHEXA 310 2 946 546 549 947 948 550
+ 553 949
CHEXA 311 2 948 550 553 949 950 554
+ 557 951
CHEXA 312 2 950 554 557 951 952 558
+ 561 953
CHEXA 313 2 952 558 561 953 954 562
+ 565 955
CHEXA 314 2 954 562 565 955 956 566
+ 569 957
CHEXA 315 2 956 566 569 957 958 570
+ 573 959
CHEXA 316 2 958 570 573 959 960 574
+ 577 961
CHEXA 317 2 960 574 577 961 962 578
+ 581 963
CHEXA 318 2 962 578 581 963 964 582
+ 585 965
CHEXA 319 2 964 582 585 965 966 586
+ 589 967
CHEXA 320 2 966 586 589 967 968 590
+ 593 969
CHEXA 321 2 968 590 593 969 970 594

+ 597 971
CHEXA 322 2 970 594 597 971 972 598
+ 601 973
CHEXA 323 2 972 598 601 973 974 602
+ 605 975
CHEXA 324 2 974 602 605 975 976 606
+ 609 977
CHEXA 325 2 976 606 609 977 978 610
+ 613 979
CHEXA 326 2 978 610 613 979 980 614
+ 617 981
CHEXA 327 2 980 614 617 981 982 618
+ 621 983
CHEXA 328 2 982 618 621 983 984 622
+ 625 985
CHEXA 329 2 984 622 625 985 986 626
+ 629 987
CHEXA 330 2 986 626 629 987 988 630
+ 633 989
CHEXA 331 2 988 630 633 989 990 634
+ 637 991
CHEXA 332 2 990 634 637 991 992 638
+ 641 993
CHEXA 333 2 992 638 641 993 994 642
+ 645 995
CHEXA 334 2 994 642 645 995 996 646
+ 649 997
CHEXA 335 2 996 646 649 997 998 650
+ 653 999
CHEXA 336 2 998 650 653 999 1000 654
+ 657 1001
CHEXA 337 2 1000 654 657 1001 1002 658
+ 661 1003
CHEXA 338 2 1002 658 661 1003 1004 662
+ 665 1005
CHEXA 339 2 1004 662 665 1005 1006 666
+ 669 1007
CHEXA 340 2 1006 666 669 1007 1008 670
+ 673 1009
CHEXA 341 2 1008 670 673 1009 1010 674
+ 677 1011
CHEXA 342 2 1010 674 677 1011 1012 678
+ 681 1013
CHEXA 343 2 1012 678 681 1013 1014 682
+ 685 1015
CHEXA 344 2 1014 682 685 1015 1016 686
+ 689 1017
CHEXA 345 2 23 21 17 18 37 36
+ 1018 1019
CHEXA 346 2 37 36 1018 1019 41 40
+ 1020 1021
CHEXA 347 2 41 40 1020 1021 45 44
+ 1022 1023
CHEXA 348 2 45 44 1022 1023 49 48
+ 1024 1025
CHEXA 349 2 49 48 1024 1025 53 52
+ 1026 1027
CHEXA 350 2 53 52 1026 1027 57 56
+ 1028 1029
CHEXA 351 2 57 56 1028 1029 61 60
+ 1030 1031
CHEXA 352 2 61 60 1030 1031 65 64
+ 1032 1033
CHEXA 353 2 65 64 1032 1033 69 68
+ 1034 1035
CHEXA 354 2 69 68 1034 1035 73 72
+ 1036 1037
CHEXA 355 2 73 72 1036 1037 77 76
+ 1038 1039

CHEXA 356 2 77 76 1038 1039 81 80
+ 1040 1041
CHEXA 357 2 81 80 1040 1041 85 84
+ 1042 1043
CHEXA 358 2 85 84 1042 1043 89 88
+ 1044 1045
CHEXA 359 2 89 88 1044 1045 93 92
+ 1046 1047
CHEXA 360 2 93 92 1046 1047 97 96
+ 1048 1049
CHEXA 361 2 97 96 1048 1049 101 100
+ 1050 1051
CHEXA 362 2 101 100 1050 1051 105 104
+ 1052 1053
CHEXA 363 2 105 104 1052 1053 109 108
+ 1054 1055
CHEXA 364 2 109 108 1054 1055 113 112
+ 1056 1057
CHEXA 365 2 113 112 1056 1057 117 116
+ 1058 1059
CHEXA 366 2 117 116 1058 1059 121 120
+ 1060 1061
CHEXA 367 2 121 120 1060 1061 125 124
+ 1062 1063
CHEXA 368 2 125 124 1062 1063 129 128
+ 1064 1065
CHEXA 369 2 129 128 1064 1065 133 132
+ 1066 1067
CHEXA 370 2 133 132 1066 1067 137 136
+ 1068 1069
CHEXA 371 2 137 136 1068 1069 141 140
+ 1070 1071
CHEXA 372 2 141 140 1070 1071 145 144
+ 1072 1073
CHEXA 373 2 145 144 1072 1073 149 148
+ 1074 1075
CHEXA 374 2 149 148 1074 1075 153 152
+ 1076 1077
CHEXA 375 2 153 152 1076 1077 157 156
+ 1078 1079
CHEXA 376 2 157 156 1078 1079 161 160
+ 1080 1081
CHEXA 377 2 161 160 1080 1081 165 164
+ 1082 1083
CHEXA 378 2 165 164 1082 1083 169 168
+ 1084 1085
CHEXA 379 2 169 168 1084 1085 173 172
+ 1086 1087
CHEXA 380 2 173 172 1086 1087 177 176
+ 1088 1089
CHEXA 381 2 177 176 1088 1089 181 180
+ 1090 1091
CHEXA 382 2 181 180 1090 1091 185 184
+ 1092 1093
CHEXA 383 2 185 184 1092 1093 189 188
+ 1094 1095
CHEXA 384 2 189 188 1094 1095 193 192
+ 1096 1097
CHEXA 385 2 193 192 1096 1097 197 196
+ 1098 1099
CHEXA 386 2 197 196 1098 1099 201 200
+ 1100 1101
CHEXA 467 2 201 200 1100 1101 525 524
+ 1262 1263
CHEXA 468 2 525 524 1262 1263 529 528
+ 1264 1265
CHEXA 469 2 529 528 1264 1265 533 532
+ 1266 1267
CHEXA 470 2 533 532 1266 1267 537 536

+ 1268 1269
CHEXA 471 2 537 536 1268 1269 541 540
+ 1270 1271
CHEXA 472 2 541 540 1270 1271 545 544
+ 1272 1273
CHEXA 473 2 545 544 1272 1273 549 548
+ 1274 1275
CHEXA 474 2 549 548 1274 1275 553 552
+ 1276 1277
CHEXA 475 2 553 552 1276 1277 557 556
+ 1278 1279
CHEXA 476 2 557 556 1278 1279 561 560
+ 1280 1281
CHEXA 477 2 561 560 1280 1281 565 564
+ 1282 1283
CHEXA 478 2 565 564 1282 1283 569 568
+ 1284 1285
CHEXA 479 2 569 568 1284 1285 573 572
+ 1286 1287
CHEXA 480 2 573 572 1286 1287 577 576
+ 1288 1289
CHEXA 481 2 577 576 1288 1289 581 580
+ 1290 1291
CHEXA 482 2 581 580 1290 1291 585 584
+ 1292 1293
CHEXA 483 2 585 584 1292 1293 589 588
+ 1294 1295
CHEXA 484 2 589 588 1294 1295 593 592
+ 1296 1297
CHEXA 485 2 593 592 1296 1297 597 596
+ 1298 1299
CHEXA 486 2 597 596 1298 1299 601 600
+ 1300 1301
CHEXA 487 2 601 600 1300 1301 605 604
+ 1302 1303
CHEXA 488 2 605 604 1302 1303 609 608
+ 1304 1305
CHEXA 489 2 609 608 1304 1305 613 612
+ 1306 1307
CHEXA 490 2 613 612 1306 1307 617 616
+ 1308 1309
CHEXA 491 2 617 616 1308 1309 621 620
+ 1310 1311
CHEXA 492 2 621 620 1310 1311 625 624
+ 1312 1313
CHEXA 493 2 625 624 1312 1313 629 628
+ 1314 1315
CHEXA 494 2 629 628 1314 1315 633 632
+ 1316 1317
CHEXA 495 2 633 632 1316 1317 637 636
+ 1318 1319
CHEXA 496 2 637 636 1318 1319 641 640
+ 1320 1321
CHEXA 497 2 641 640 1320 1321 645 644
+ 1322 1323
CHEXA 498 2 645 644 1322 1323 649 648
+ 1324 1325
CHEXA 499 2 649 648 1324 1325 653 652
+ 1326 1327
CHEXA 500 2 653 652 1326 1327 657 656
+ 1328 1329
CHEXA 501 2 657 656 1328 1329 661 660
+ 1330 1331
CHEXA 502 2 661 660 1330 1331 665 664
+ 1332 1333
CHEXA 503 2 665 664 1332 1333 669 668
+ 1334 1335
CHEXA 504 2 669 668 1334 1335 673 672
+ 1336 1337

CHEXA 505 2 673 672 1336 1337 677 676
+ 1338 1339
CHEXA 506 2 677 676 1338 1339 681 680
+ 1340 1341
CHEXA 507 2 681 680 1340 1341 685 684
+ 1342 1343
CHEXA 508 2 685 684 1342 1343 689 688
+ 1344 1345
CHEXA 509 2 20 23 18 19 691 37
+ 1019 1346
CHEXA 510 2 691 37 1019 1346 693 41
+ 1021 1347
CHEXA 511 2 693 41 1021 1347 695 45
+ 1023 1348
CHEXA 512 2 695 45 1023 1348 697 49
+ 1025 1349
CHEXA 513 2 697 49 1025 1349 699 53
+ 1027 1350
CHEXA 514 2 699 53 1027 1350 701 57
+ 1029 1351
CHEXA 515 2 701 57 1029 1351 703 61
+ 1031 1352
CHEXA 516 2 703 61 1031 1352 705 65
+ 1033 1353
CHEXA 517 2 705 65 1033 1353 707 69
+ 1035 1354
CHEXA 518 2 707 69 1035 1354 709 73
+ 1037 1355
CHEXA 519 2 709 73 1037 1355 711 77
+ 1039 1356
CHEXA 520 2 711 77 1039 1356 713 81
+ 1041 1357
CHEXA 521 2 713 81 1041 1357 715 85
+ 1043 1358
CHEXA 522 2 715 85 1043 1358 717 89
+ 1045 1359
CHEXA 523 2 717 89 1045 1359 719 93
+ 1047 1360
CHEXA 524 2 719 93 1047 1360 721 97
+ 1049 1361
CHEXA 525 2 721 97 1049 1361 723 101
+ 1051 1362
CHEXA 526 2 723 101 1051 1362 725 105
+ 1053 1363
CHEXA 527 2 725 105 1053 1363 727 109
+ 1055 1364
CHEXA 528 2 727 109 1055 1364 729 113
+ 1057 1365
CHEXA 529 2 729 113 1057 1365 731 117
+ 1059 1366
CHEXA 530 2 731 117 1059 1366 733 121
+ 1061 1367
CHEXA 531 2 733 121 1061 1367 735 125
+ 1063 1368
CHEXA 532 2 735 125 1063 1368 737 129
+ 1065 1369
CHEXA 533 2 737 129 1065 1369 739 133
+ 1067 1370
CHEXA 534 2 739 133 1067 1370 741 137
+ 1069 1371
CHEXA 535 2 741 137 1069 1371 743 141
+ 1071 1372
CHEXA 536 2 743 141 1071 1372 745 145
+ 1073 1373
CHEXA 537 2 745 145 1073 1373 747 149
+ 1075 1374
CHEXA 538 2 747 149 1075 1374 749 153
+ 1077 1375
CHEXA 539 2 749 153 1077 1375 751 157

+ 1079 1376
CHEXA 540 2 751 157 1079 1376 753 161
+ 1081 1377
CHEXA 541 2 753 161 1081 1377 755 165
+ 1083 1378
CHEXA 542 2 755 165 1083 1378 757 169
+ 1085 1379
CHEXA 543 2 757 169 1085 1379 759 173
+ 1087 1380
CHEXA 544 2 759 173 1087 1380 761 177
+ 1089 1381
CHEXA 545 2 761 177 1089 1381 763 181
+ 1091 1382
CHEXA 546 2 763 181 1091 1382 765 185
+ 1093 1383
CHEXA 547 2 765 185 1093 1383 767 189
+ 1095 1384
CHEXA 548 2 767 189 1095 1384 769 193
+ 1097 1385
CHEXA 549 2 769 193 1097 1385 771 197
+ 1099 1386
CHEXA 550 2 771 197 1099 1386 773 201
+ 1101 1387
CHEXA 631 2 773 201 1101 1387 935 525
+ 1263 1468
CHEXA 632 2 935 525 1263 1468 937 529
+ 1265 1469
CHEXA 633 2 937 529 1265 1469 939 533
+ 1267 1470
CHEXA 634 2 939 533 1267 1470 941 537
+ 1269 1471
CHEXA 635 2 941 537 1269 1471 943 541
+ 1271 1472
CHEXA 636 2 943 541 1271 1472 945 545
+ 1273 1473
CHEXA 637 2 945 545 1273 1473 947 549
+ 1275 1474
CHEXA 638 2 947 549 1275 1474 949 553
+ 1277 1475
CHEXA 639 2 949 553 1277 1475 951 557
+ 1279 1476
CHEXA 640 2 951 557 1279 1476 953 561
+ 1281 1477
CHEXA 641 2 953 561 1281 1477 955 565
+ 1283 1478
CHEXA 642 2 955 565 1283 1478 957 569
+ 1285 1479
CHEXA 643 2 957 569 1285 1479 959 573
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CHEXA 644 2 959 573 1287 1480 961 577
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CHEXA 1300 2 572 2049 2435 1286 576 2053
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CHEXA 1301 2 576 2053 2437 1288 580 2057
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CHEXA 1302 2 580 2057 2439 1290 584 2061
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CHEXA 1303 2 584 2061 2441 1292 588 2065
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CHEXA 1304 2 588 2065 2443 1294 592 2069
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CHEXA 1305 2 592 2069 2445 1296 596 2073
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CHEXA 1306 2 596 2073 2447 1298 600 2077
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CHEXA 1307 2 600 2077 2449 1300 604 2081
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CHEXA 1308 2 604 2081 2451 1302 608 2085
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CHEXA 1309 2 608 2085 2453 1304 612 2089
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CHEXA 1310 2 612 2089 2455 1306 616 2093
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CHEXA 1311 2 616 2093 2457 1308 620 2097
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CHEXA 1312 2 620 2097 2459 1310 624 2101
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CHEXA 1313 2 624 2101 2461 1312 628 2105
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CHEXA 1314 2 628 2105 2463 1314 632 2109
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CHEXA 1315 2 632 2109 2465 1316 636 2113
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CHEXA 1316 2 636 2113 2467 1318 640 2117
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CHEXA 1317 2 640 2117 2469 1320 644 2121
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CHEXA 1318 2 644 2121 2471 1322 648 2125
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CHEXA 1319 2 648 2125 2473 1324 652 2129
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CHEXA 1320 2 652 2129 2475 1326 656 2133
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CHEXA 1321 2 656 2133 2477 1328 660 2137
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CHEXA 1322 2 660 2137 2479 1330 664 2141
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CHEXA 1323 2 664 2141 2481 1332 668 2145
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CHEXA 1324 2 668 2145 2483 1334 672 2149
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CHEXA 1325 2 672 2149 2485 1336 676 2153
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CHEXA 1326 2 676 2153 2487 1338 680 2157
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CHEXA 1327 2 680 2157 2489 1340 684 2161
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CHEXA 1328 2 684 2161 2491 1342 688 2165
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CHEXA 1329 2 33 12 11 31 2494 1510
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CHEXA 1330 2 2494 1510 35 2495 2496 1514
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CHEXA 1331 2 2496 1514 39 2497 2498 1518
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CHEXA 1333 2 2500 1522 47 2501 2502 1526
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CHEXA 1334 2 2502 1526 51 2503 2504 1530
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CHEXA 1335 2 2504 1530 55 2505 2506 1534
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CHEXA 1336 2 2506 1534 59 2507 2508 1538
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CHEXA 1337 2 2508 1538 63 2509 2510 1542
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CHEXA 1338 2 2510 1542 67 2511 2512 1546
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CHEXA 1339 2 2512 1546 71 2513 2514 1550
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CHEXA 1340 2 2514 1550 75 2515 2516 1554
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CHEXA 1341 2 2516 1554 79 2517 2518 1558
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CHEXA 1342 2 2518 1558 83 2519 2520 1562
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CHEXA 1343 2 2520 1562 87 2521 2522 1566
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CHEXA 1344 2 2522 1566 91 2523 2524 1570
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CHEXA 1345 2 2524 1570 95 2525 2526 1574
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CHEXA 1346 2 2526 1574 99 2527 2528 1578
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CHEXA 1347 2 2528 1578 103 2529 2530 1582
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CHEXA 1348 2 2530 1582 107 2531 2532 1586
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CHEXA 1349 2 2532 1586 111 2533 2534 1590
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CHEXA 1350 2 2534 1590 115 2535 2536 1594
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CHEXA 1351 2 2536 1594 119 2537 2538 1598
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CHEXA 1352 2 2538 1598 123 2539 2540 1602
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CHEXA 1353 2 2540 1602 127 2541 2542 1606

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CHEXA 1354 2 2542 1606 131 2543 2544 1610
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CHEXA 1355 2 2544 1610 135 2545 2546 1614
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CHEXA 1356 2 2546 1614 139 2547 2548 1618
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CHEXA 1357 2 2548 1618 143 2549 2550 1622
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CHEXA 1358 2 2550 1622 147 2551 2552 1626
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CHEXA 1359 2 2552 1626 151 2553 2554 1630
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CHEXA 1360 2 2554 1630 155 2555 2556 1634
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CHEXA 1361 2 2556 1634 159 2557 2558 1638
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CHEXA 1362 2 2558 1638 163 2559 2560 1642
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CHEXA 1363 2 2560 1642 167 2561 2562 1646
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CHEXA 1364 2 2562 1646 171 2563 2564 1650
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CHEXA 1365 2 2564 1650 175 2565 2566 1654
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CHEXA 1366 2 2566 1654 179 2567 2568 1658
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CHEXA 1367 2 2568 1658 183 2569 2570 1662
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CHEXA 1368 2 2570 1662 187 2571 2572 1666
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CHEXA 1369 2 2572 1666 191 2573 2574 1670
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CHEXA 1370 2 2574 1670 195 2575 2576 1674
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CHEXA 1451 2 2576 1674 199 2577 2738 1998
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CHEXA 1452 2 2738 1998 523 2739 2740 2002
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CHEXA 1453 2 2740 2002 527 2741 2742 2006
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CHEXA 1454 2 2742 2006 531 2743 2744 2010
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CHEXA 1456 2 2746 2014 539 2747 2748 2018
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CHEXA 1458 2 2750 2022 547 2751 2752 2026
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CHEXA 1459 2 2752 2026 551 2753 2754 2030
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CHEXA 1460 2 2754 2030 555 2755 2756 2034
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CHEXA 1461 2 2756 2034 559 2757 2758 2038
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CHEXA 1462 2 2758 2038 563 2759 2760 2042
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CHEXA 1463 2 2760 2042 567 2761 2762 2046
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CHEXA 1464 2 2762 2046 571 2763 2764 2050
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CHEXA 1465 2 2764 2050 575 2765 2766 2054
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CHEXA 1466 2 2766 2054 579 2767 2768 2058
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CHEXA 1467 2 2768 2058 583 2769 2770 2062
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CHEXA 1468 2 2770 2062 587 2771 2772 2066
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CHEXA 1469 2 2772 2066 591 2773 2774 2070
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CHEXA 1470 2 2774 2070 595 2775 2776 2074
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CHEXA 1471 2 2776 2074 599 2777 2778 2078
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CHEXA 1472 2 2778 2078 603 2779 2780 2082
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CHEXA 1473 2 2780 2082 607 2781 2782 2086
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CHEXA 1474 2 2782 2086 611 2783 2784 2090
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CHEXA 1475 2 2784 2090 615 2785 2786 2094
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CHEXA 1476 2 2786 2094 619 2787 2788 2098
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CHEXA 1477 2 2788 2098 623 2789 2790 2102
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CHEXA 1478 2 2790 2102 627 2791 2792 2106
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CHEXA 1479 2 2792 2106 631 2793 2794 2110
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CHEXA 1480 2 2794 2110 635 2795 2796 2114
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CHEXA 1481 2 2796 2114 639 2797 2798 2118
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CHEXA 1482 2 2798 2118 643 2799 2800 2122
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CHEXA 1483 2 2800 2122 647 2801 2802 2126
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CHEXA 1484 2 2802 2126 651 2803 2804 2130
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CHEXA 1485 2 2804 2130 655 2805 2806 2134
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CHEXA 1486 2 2806 2134 659 2807 2808 2138
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CHEXA 1487 2 2808 2138 663 2809 2810 2142
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CHEXA 1488 2 2810 2142 667 2811 2812 2146
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CHEXA 1489 2 2812 2146 671 2813 2814 2150
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CHEXA 1490 2 2814 2150 675 2815 2816 2154
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CHEXA 1491 2 2816 2154 679 2817 2818 2158
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CHEXA 1492 2 2818 2158 683 2819 2820 2162
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CHEXA 1493 2 30 13 12 33 2822 1511
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CHEXA 1494 2 2822 1511 1510 2494 2823 1515
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CHEXA 1495 2 2823 1515 1514 2496 2824 1519
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CHEXA 1496 2 2824 1519 1518 2498 2825 1523
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CHEXA 1497 2 2825 1523 1522 2500 2826 1527
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CHEXA 1498 2 2826 1527 1526 2502 2827 1531
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CHEXA 1499 2 2827 1531 1530 2504 2828 1535
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CHEXA 1500 2 2828 1535 1534 2506 2829 1539
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CHEXA 1501 2 2829 1539 1538 2508 2830 1543
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CHEXA 1502 2 2830 1543 1542 2510 2831 1547

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CHEXA 1503 2 2831 1547 1546 2512 2832 1551
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CHEXA 1504 2 2832 1551 1550 2514 2833 1555
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CHEXA 1505 2 2833 1555 1554 2516 2834 1559
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CHEXA 1506 2 2834 1559 1558 2518 2835 1563
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CHEXA 1507 2 2835 1563 1562 2520 2836 1567
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CHEXA 1508 2 2836 1567 1566 2522 2837 1571
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CHEXA 1509 2 2837 1571 1570 2524 2838 1575
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CHEXA 1510 2 2838 1575 1574 2526 2839 1579
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CHEXA 1511 2 2839 1579 1578 2528 2840 1583
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CHEXA 1512 2 2840 1583 1582 2530 2841 1587
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CHEXA 1513 2 2841 1587 1586 2532 2842 1591
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CHEXA 1514 2 2842 1591 1590 2534 2843 1595
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CHEXA 1515 2 2843 1595 1594 2536 2844 1599
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CHEXA 1516 2 2844 1599 1598 2538 2845 1603
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CHEXA 1517 2 2845 1603 1602 2540 2846 1607
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CHEXA 1518 2 2846 1607 1606 2542 2847 1611
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CHEXA 1519 2 2847 1611 1610 2544 2848 1615
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CHEXA 1520 2 2848 1615 1614 2546 2849 1619
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CHEXA 1521 2 2849 1619 1618 2548 2850 1623
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CHEXA 1522 2 2850 1623 1622 2550 2851 1627
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CHEXA 1523 2 2851 1627 1626 2552 2852 1631
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CHEXA 1524 2 2852 1631 1630 2554 2853 1635
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CHEXA 1525 2 2853 1635 1634 2556 2854 1639
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CHEXA 1526 2 2854 1639 1638 2558 2855 1643
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CHEXA 1527 2 2855 1643 1642 2560 2856 1647
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CHEXA 1528 2 2856 1647 1646 2562 2857 1651
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CHEXA 1529 2 2857 1651 1650 2564 2858 1655
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CHEXA 1530 2 2858 1655 1654 2566 2859 1659
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CHEXA 1531 2 2859 1659 1658 2568 2860 1663
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CHEXA 1532 2 2860 1663 1662 2570 2861 1667
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CHEXA 1533 2 2861 1667 1666 2572 2862 1671
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CHEXA 1534 2 2862 1671 1670 2574 2863 1675
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CHEXA 1615 2 2863 1675 1674 2576 2944 1999
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CHEXA 1616 2 2944 1999 1998 2738 2945 2003
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CHEXA 1617 2 2945 2003 2002 2740 2946 2007
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CHEXA 1618 2 2946 2007 2006 2742 2947 2011
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CHEXA 1619 2 2947 2011 2010 2744 2948 2015
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CHEXA 1620 2 2948 2015 2014 2746 2949 2019
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CHEXA 1621 2 2949 2019 2018 2748 2950 2023
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CHEXA 1622 2 2950 2023 2022 2750 2951 2027
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CHEXA 1623 2 2951 2027 2026 2752 2952 2031
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CHEXA 1624 2 2952 2031 2030 2754 2953 2035
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CHEXA 1625 2 2953 2035 2034 2756 2954 2039
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CHEXA 1626 2 2954 2039 2038 2758 2955 2043
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CHEXA 1627 2 2955 2043 2042 2760 2956 2047
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CHEXA 1628 2 2956 2047 2046 2762 2957 2051
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CHEXA 1629 2 2957 2051 2050 2764 2958 2055
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CHEXA 1630 2 2958 2055 2054 2766 2959 2059
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CHEXA 1631 2 2959 2059 2058 2768 2960 2063
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CHEXA 1632 2 2960 2063 2062 2770 2961 2067
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CHEXA 1633 2 2961 2067 2066 2772 2962 2071
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CHEXA 1634 2 2962 2071 2070 2774 2963 2075
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CHEXA 1635 2 2963 2075 2074 2776 2964 2079
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CHEXA 1636 2 2964 2079 2078 2778 2965 2083
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CHEXA 1637 2 2965 2083 2082 2780 2966 2087
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CHEXA 1638 2 2966 2087 2086 2782 2967 2091
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CHEXA 1639 2 2967 2091 2090 2784 2968 2095
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CHEXA 1640 2 2968 2095 2094 2786 2969 2099
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CHEXA 1641 2 2969 2099 2098 2788 2970 2103
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CHEXA 1642 2 2970 2103 2102 2790 2971 2107
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CHEXA 1643 2 2971 2107 2106 2792 2972 2111
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CHEXA 1644 2 2972 2111 2110 2794 2973 2115
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CHEXA 1645 2 2973 2115 2114 2796 2974 2119
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CHEXA 1646 2 2974 2119 2118 2798 2975 2123
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CHEXA 1647 2 2975 2123 2122 2800 2976 2127
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CHEXA 1648 2 2976 2127 2126 2802 2977 2131
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CHEXA 1649 2 2977 2131 2130 2804 2978 2135
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CHEXA 1650 2 2978 2135 2134 2806 2979 2139
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CHEXA 1651 2 2979 2139 2138 2808 2980 2143

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CHEXA 1652 2 2980 2143 2142 2810 2981 2147
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CHEXA 1653 2 2981 2147 2146 2812 2982 2151
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CHEXA 1654 2 2982 2151 2150 2814 2983 2155
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CHEXA 1655 2 2983 2155 2154 2816 2984 2159
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CHEXA 1656 2 2984 2159 2158 2818 2985 2163
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CHEXA 1657 2 28 33 31 27 2986 2494
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CHEXA 1658 2 2986 2494 2495 2987 2988 2496
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CHEXA 1659 2 2988 2496 2497 2989 2990 2498
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CHEXA 1662 2 2994 2502 2503 2995 2996 2504
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CHEXA 1667 2 3004 2512 2513 3005 3006 2514
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CHEXA 1668 2 3006 2514 2515 3007 3008 2516
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CHEXA 1669 2 3008 2516 2517 3009 3010 2518
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CHEXA 1670 2 3010 2518 2519 3011 3012 2520
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CHEXA 1673 2 3016 2524 2525 3017 3018 2526
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CHEXA 1676 2 3022 2530 2531 3023 3024 2532
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CHEXA 1678 2 3026 2534 2535 3027 3028 2536
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CHEXA 1679 2 3028 2536 2537 3029 3030 2538
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CHEXA 1680 2 3030 2538 2539 3031 3032 2540
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CHEXA 1684 2 3038 2546 2547 3039 3040 2548
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CHEXA 1686 2 3042 2550 2551 3043 3044 2552
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CHEXA 1689 2 3048 2556 2557 3049 3050 2558
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CHEXA 2515 2 3061 2569 3552 3880 3063 2571
+ 3554 3882
CHEXA 2516 2 3063 2571 3554 3882 3065 2573
+ 3556 3884
CHEXA 2517 2 3065 2573 3556 3884 3067 2575
+ 3558 3886
CHEXA 2518 2 3067 2575 3558 3886 3069 2577
+ 3560 3888
CHEXA 2599 2 3069 2577 3560 3888 3231 2739
+ 3722 4050
CHEXA 2600 2 3231 2739 3722 4050 3233 2741
+ 3724 4052
CHEXA 2601 2 3233 2741 3724 4052 3235 2743
+ 3726 4054
CHEXA 2602 2 3235 2743 3726 4054 3237 2745
+ 3728 4056
CHEXA 2603 2 3237 2745 3728 4056 3239 2747
+ 3730 4058
CHEXA 2604 2 3239 2747 3730 4058 3241 2749
+ 3732 4060
CHEXA 2605 2 3241 2749 3732 4060 3243 2751
+ 3734 4062
CHEXA 2606 2 3243 2751 3734 4062 3245 2753
+ 3736 4064
CHEXA 2607 2 3245 2753 3736 4064 3247 2755
+ 3738 4066
CHEXA 2608 2 3247 2755 3738 4066 3249 2757
+ 3740 4068
CHEXA 2609 2 3249 2757 3740 4068 3251 2759
+ 3742 4070
CHEXA 2610 2 3251 2759 3742 4070 3253 2761
+ 3744 4072
CHEXA 2611 2 3253 2761 3744 4072 3255 2763
+ 3746 4074
CHEXA 2612 2 3255 2763 3746 4074 3257 2765
+ 3748 4076
CHEXA 2613 2 3257 2765 3748 4076 3259 2767
+ 3750 4078
CHEXA 2614 2 3259 2767 3750 4078 3261 2769

+ 3752 4080
CHEXA 2615 2 3261 2769 3752 4080 3263 2771
+ 3754 4082
CHEXA 2616 2 3263 2771 3754 4082 3265 2773
+ 3756 4084
CHEXA 2617 2 3265 2773 3756 4084 3267 2775
+ 3758 4086
CHEXA 2618 2 3267 2775 3758 4086 3269 2777
+ 3760 4088
CHEXA 2619 2 3269 2777 3760 4088 3271 2779
+ 3762 4090
CHEXA 2620 2 3271 2779 3762 4090 3273 2781
+ 3764 4092
CHEXA 2621 2 3273 2781 3764 4092 3275 2783
+ 3766 4094
CHEXA 2622 2 3275 2783 3766 4094 3277 2785
+ 3768 4096
CHEXA 2623 2 3277 2785 3768 4096 3279 2787
+ 3770 4098
CHEXA 2624 2 3279 2787 3770 4098 3281 2789
+ 3772 4100
CHEXA 2625 2 3281 2789 3772 4100 3283 2791
+ 3774 4102
CHEXA 2626 2 3283 2791 3774 4102 3285 2793
+ 3776 4104
CHEXA 2627 2 3285 2793 3776 4104 3287 2795
+ 3778 4106
CHEXA 2628 2 3287 2795 3778 4106 3289 2797
+ 3780 4108
CHEXA 2629 2 3289 2797 3780 4108 3291 2799
+ 3782 4110
CHEXA 2630 2 3291 2799 3782 4110 3293 2801
+ 3784 4112
CHEXA 2631 2 3293 2801 3784 4112 3295 2803
+ 3786 4114
CHEXA 2632 2 3295 2803 3786 4114 3297 2805
+ 3788 4116
CHEXA 2633 2 3297 2805 3788 4116 3299 2807
+ 3790 4118
CHEXA 2634 2 3299 2807 3790 4118 3301 2809
+ 3792 4120
CHEXA 2635 2 3301 2809 3792 4120 3303 2811
+ 3794 4122
CHEXA 2636 2 3303 2811 3794 4122 3305 2813
+ 3796 4124
CHEXA 2637 2 3305 2813 3796 4124 3307 2815
+ 3798 4126
CHEXA 2638 2 3307 2815 3798 4126 3309 2817
+ 3800 4128
CHEXA 2639 2 3309 2817 3800 4128 3311 2819
+ 3802 4130
CHEXA 2640 2 3311 2819 3802 4130 3313 2821
+ 3804 4132
$
$HMMOVE 2
$ 17THRU 58 139THRU 222 303THRU 386
$ 467THRU 550 631THRU 714 795THRU 878
$ 959THRU 1042 1123THRU 1206 1287THRU 1370
$ 1451THRU 1534 1615THRU 1698 1779THRU 1862
$ 1943THRU 2026 2107THRU 2190 2271THRU 2354
$ 2435THRU 2518 2599THRU 2640
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh name and color information for generic components $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP 2"Air" 2 "Air" 5
$HWCOLOR COMP 2 5
$

$HMNAME COMP 5"Piston"
$HWCOLOR COMP 5 8
$
$HMNAME COMP 6"absorber"
$HWCOLOR COMP 6 3
$
$
$HMDPRP
$ 17THRU 58 139THRU 222 303THRU 386
$ 467THRU 550 631THRU 714 795THRU 878
$ 959THRU 1042 1123THRU 1206 1287THRU 1370
$ 1451THRU 1534 1615THRU 1698 1779THRU 1862
$ 1943THRU 2026 2107THRU 2190 2271THRU 2354
$ 2435THRU 2518 2599THRU 2640 5627 5629 6116
$ 6122 6125 6520THRU 6521 6523 6528 6954 7220
$ 7647 7652 7945 7948 7955
$
$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$HMNAME PROP 1"tube" 4
$HWCOLOR PROP 1 52
PSHELL 1 20.1 2 2 0.0
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$$
$HMNAME PROP 2"Air" 5
$HWCOLOR PROP 2 4
PSOLID 2 1 PFLUID
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$$
$HMNAME MAT 2"alum" "MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 2 3
MAT1 21.0+7 0.3 0.000254
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT 1"Air" "MAT10"
$HWCOLOR MAT 1 3
MAT10 1 1.21-7 13000.0
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh Commands for loadcollectors name and color information $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 2"spc"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL 2 6
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 8"Force"
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 12"SPC"
$$
$$
$$ FREQi cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 3"Freq"
$FREQ1 3 0.0 5.0 600
FREQ 3480.

$
$$
$$ RLOAD1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 6"Rload"
RLOAD1 6 8 7 0 VELO
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 7"Table"
TABLED1 7 LINEAR LINEAR
+ 0.0 1.0 3000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 10"reactance"
+ 0.0 0.00154 3000.0 0.00154ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 11"Impedance"
+ 0.0 0.0 3000.0 0.0ENDT
$$
$$
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 9"Dload"
DLOAD 91.0 1.0 6
$$
$$ EIGRL cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 4"EigrlTube"
EIGRL 4 5 MASS
$HMNAME LOADCOL 5"EigrlAir"
EIGRL 5 30 MASS
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC1 12123456 6776 thru 6800
spcd 86776 3 1.0
spcd 86777 3 1.0
spcd 86778 3 1.0
spcd 86779 3 1.0
spcd 86780 3 1.0
spcd 86781 3 1.0
spcd 86782 3 1.0
spcd 86783 3 1.0
spcd 86784 3 1.0
spcd 86785 3 1.0
spcd 86786 3 1.0
spcd 86788 3 1.0
spcd 86789 3 1.0
spcd 86790 3 1.0
spcd 86791 3 1.0
spcd 86792 3 1.0
spcd 86793 3 1.0
spcd 86794 3 1.0
spcd 86795 3 1.0
spcd 86796 3 1.0
spcd 86797 3 1.0
spcd 86798 3 1.0
spcd 86799 3 1.0
spcd 86800 3 1.0

$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA 8 6798 3-15.0
$$
$$
CAABSF 7957 5 689 688 687 686
CAABSF 7960 5 1017 689 686 1016
CAABSF 7964 5 1345 1344 688 689
CAABSF 7969 5 1509 1345 689 1017
CAABSF 7972 5 2165 2164 2163 2162
CAABSF 7977 5 688 2165 2162 687
CAABSF 7978 5 4133 3805 3804 4132
CAABSF 7980 5 2493 2492 2164 2165
CAABSF 7984 5 1344 2493 2165 688
CAABSF 7985 5 2821 687 2162 2820
CAABSF 7988 5 2820 2162 2163 2985
CAABSF 7990 5 3313 2821 2820 3312
CAABSF 7994 5 3312 2820 2985 3477
CAABSF 7996 5 3805 1016 686 3804
CAABSF 7998 5 3804 686 687 2821
CAABSF 8003 5 4132 3804 2821 3313
PAABSF 5 11 10
ENDDATA
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Data Definition for AutoDV $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Design Variables Card for Control Perturbations $$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ Domain Element Definitions $
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Nodeset Definitions $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Design domain node sets
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Control Perturbation $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$
$$ CONTROL PERTURBATION Data
$$
ALTDOCTAG "0mjpRI@DXd^3_0ASnbi`;l;q6A23R@9_67hgW8R?OiZ]
Eq:PeN`À;WXh3ITgJeq5NZRd5jSHQK3X@:à12;n4qD_I^RYMo"
ADI0.1.0 2011-02-11T20:16:20 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG

Comments
1. Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element
identification numbers.
2. If only G1 is specified, then a point impedance is assumed. If G1 and G2 are specified,

then a line impedance is assumed. If G1, G2 and G3 are specified, then an impedance is
associated with the area of the triangular face. If G1 through G4 are specified, then an
impedance is associated with the quadrilateral face.
3. The CAABSF element must connect entirely to fluid points on the fluid-structure
boundary.
4. This card is represented as a CAABSF element in HyperMesh.

CAALOAD
Bulk Data Entry
CAALOAD – Pressure from CFD Analysis
Description
The CAALOAD bulk data entry defines the CFD pressure that is transferred to the structural
side for frequency response analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C AALOAD SID C AAID SRFID AC SC AL PSC AL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C AALOAD 110 5 20 1.0
Field Contents
SID Identification number of a dynamic load set.
CAAID Identification number of the H3D file (loadID) specified by ASSIGN,H3DCAA (See
comments 1 and 2).
Default = no default (Integer > 0)
SRFID Identification number of a SURF bulk data entry that defines the surface where
CFD pressure is applicable (See comment 1).
ACSCAL Scale factor of the acoustic source term.
Default = 1.0 (Real > 0)

Field Contents
PSCAL Scale factor of CFD pressure.
Comments
1. The surface GRIDs associated with the CFD pressure must be fluid grids. The pressures
from CFD analysis at each loading frequency are stored in an H3D file. This H3D file can be
referenced using the ASSIGN I/O Options Entry (ASSIGN, H3DCAA, loadID, and filename).
2. The pressure from the fluid grids will be transferred to structural grids for frequency
response analysis.
3. CAALOAD can be chosen as a dynamic load in the I/O Options or Subcase Information
sections with the command DLOAD = SID.
4. The SID field in this CAALOAD entry must be unique with respect to other dynamic load
sets (ACSRCE, DLOAD, RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries).

CBAR
Bulk Data Entry
CBAR – Simple Beam Element Connection
Description
The CBAR bulk data entry defines a simple beam element (BAR) of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BAR EID PID GA GB X1/G0 X2 X3 OFFT
PA PB W1A W2A W3A W1B W2B W3B
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BAR 2 39 7 3 13
513
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PBAR or PBARL property entry.
Default = EID (Integer > 0)
GA,GB Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Field Contents
X1,X2,X3 Components of vector v, at end A, measured at end A, parallel to

the components of the displacement coordinate system for GA, or
the basic coordinate system, to determine (with the vector from
end A to end B) the orientation of the element coordinate system
for the BAR element. See comment 5.
No default (Real)
G0 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, X3.

Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
OFFT Character String specifying the interpretation of the offset vector

specification. See comment 5.
Default = GGG (Character or blank)
PA,PB Pin flags for bar ends A and B, respectively. Used to remove
connections between the grid point and selected degrees-of-
freedom of the bar. The degrees-of-freedom are defined in the
element’s coordinate system. The bar must have stiffness
associated with the PA and PB degrees-of-freedom to be released
by the pin flags. For example, if PA=4 is specified, the PBAR entry
must have a value for J, the torsion stiffness.
No default (Integer > 0; up to 5 of the unique digits 1-6 with no

embedded blanks)
W1A,W2A,W3A Components of offset vectors wa and wb in displacement

W1B,W2B,W3B coordinate systems at points GA and GB, respectively, or in the
element coordinate system. See comment 5.
Default = blank (Real or blank)

Fig 1: Bar element coordinate system (for C BAR element)
Fig 2: Moments and Internal Forces in the x-y Plane (for a C BAR element)

Fig 3: Moments and Internal Forces in the x-z Plane (for a C BAR element)
Comments
1. Element identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other element
2. If there are no pin flags or offsets, the continuation may be omitted.
3. G0 cannot be located at GA or GB.
4. If X1/G0 is a positive integer and X2 and X3 are blank, then G0 is used to orient the
element, otherwise X1, X2, X3 is used.
5. The OFFT character string specifies how the offset and orientation vector components
are computed. By default, the offset vectors are specified in the Global (local
displacement) coordinate system of each grid A and B, and the orientation vector is
specified in the Global coordinate system of grid A. Using the codes below, the offset
vector can be specified in the element coordinate system and the orientation vector can
be specified in the basic coordinate system. The valid character strings and their
meanings are shown below:
OFFT Orientation Vector End A Offset End B Offset
GGG Global Global Global
BGG Basic Global Global
GGO Global Global Element
BGO Basic Global Element
GOG Global Element Global
BOG Basic Element Global
GOO Global Element Element
BOO Basic Element Element
The element system x-axis is defined from GA to GB. The orientation vector and the
element system x-axis are then used to define the z and y axes of the element system.
A vector is formed from the cross product of a vector going from Grid A to Grid B and the
orientation vector to create the element coordinate z-direction.
6. Offset vectors are treated like rigid elements. The length of the offset vectors is not
affected by thermal loads.
7. This card is represented as a bar2 element in HyperMesh.

CBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CBEAM – Beam Element Connection
Description
The CBEAM bulk data entry defines a beam element (BEAM) of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BEAM EID PID GA GB X1/G0 X2 X3 OFFT
PA PB W1A W2A W3A W1B W2B W3B
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BEAM 2 39 7 3 13
513 3.0
Field Contents
PID Identification number of PBEAM or PBEAML property entry.

Field Contents
X1,X2,X3 Components of vector v, at end A, measured at the offset point for

end A, parallel to the components of the displacement coordinate
system for GA, or the basic coordinate system, to determine (with
the vector from offset end A to offset end B) the orientation of the
element coordinate system for the beam element. See comment 5.
No default (Real; See comment 2)
G0 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, X3.

Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
No default (Integer > 0; See comment 2).
OFFT Character string specifying the interpretation of the offset vector

specification. See comment 5.
Default = GGG (Character or blank)
PA, PB Pin flags for beam ends A and B respectively. Used to remove
connections between the grid point and selected degrees-of-freedom
of the beam. The degrees-of-freedom are defined in the element’s
coordinate system and the pin flags are applied at the offset ends of
the beam. The beam must have stiffness associated with the PA and
PB degrees-of-freedom to be released by the pin flags. For example,
if PA=4, the PBEAM entry must have a non-zero value for J, the
torsion stiffness.
No default (Integer > 0; up to 5 of the unique digits 1-6 with no

embedded blanks)
W1A,W2A,W3A, Components of offset vectors, measured in the displacement

coordinate systems at grid points A and B or in the element
W1B,W2B,W3B coordinate system, from the grid points to the end points of the axis
of shear center. See comment 5.

Fig 1: Beam element coordinate system.
Fig 2: Direction of Internal Forces and Moments (for C BEAM entry)
Comments
2. If X1/G0 is a positive integer and X2 and X3 are blank, then G0 is used to orient the
element, otherwise X1, X2, X3 is used.
3. G0 GA or GB.
4. If there are no pin flags or offsets the continuation may be omitted.

5. The OFFT character string specifies how the offset and orientation vector components
are computed. By default, the offset vectors are specified in the Global (local
displacement) coordinate system of each grid A and B, and the orientation vector is
specified in the Global coordinate system of grid A. Using the codes below, the offset
vector can be specified in the element coordinate system and the orientation vector can
be specified in the basic coordinate system. The valid character strings and their
meanings are shown below:
OFFT Orientation Vector End A Offset End B Offset
GGG Global Global Global
BGG Basic Global Global
GGO Global Global Element
BGO Basic Global Element
GOG Global Element Global
BOG Basic Element Global
GOO Global Element Element
BOO Basic Element Element
The element system x-axis is defined from GA to GB. The orientation vector and the
element system x-axis are then used to define the z and y axes of the element system.
A vector is formed from the cross product of a vector going from Grid A to Grid B and the
orientation vector to create the element coordinate z-direction.
6. Offset vectors are treated like rigid elements. The length of the offset vectors is not
affected by thermal loads.
7. Torsional stiffness due to warping of the cross-section is not considered.

CBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
CBUSH – Bushing Element
Description
Defines a generalized spring-damper structural element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH EID PID GA GB G0/X1 X2 X3 C ID
S OC ID S1 S2 S3
Example 1
Spring-damper element defined with default orientation and location; default orientation is
only valid when only K1, and/or K4 are defined on referenced PBUSH.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH 2 6 8 1
Example 2
Spring-damper location is offset from mid-point of GA-GB.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH 19 7 1 2 4
0.3

Example 3
Spring-damper is oriented by referencing coordinate system 5, and spring-damper location

is explicitly defined using OCID, S1, S2, and S3.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH 41 9 1 2 5
7 1.0 0.5 -0.7
Field Contents
EID Element identification number.
PID Property identification number of a PBUSH entry.
GA,GB Grid point identification number of connection points.
No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 6, 9 and

10.
Xi Components of orientation vector , from GA, in the displacement

coordinate system of GA.
(Real)
G0 Alternate method to supply vector using grid point GO. Direction of
is from GA to GO. is then transferred to End A.
(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 3 and 9.
CID Element coordinate system identification. A 0 means the basic

coordinate system. If CID is blank, then the element coordinate system
is determined from GO or Xi.
(Integer > 0 or blank) See comments 2 and 3.

Field Contents
S Location of spring-damper as a fraction along the line segment between

GA and GB.
Default = 0.5 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
OCID Coordinate system identification for spring-damper offset. See comment

7.
Default = -1 (Integer > -1; -1 indicates that the offset is along GA-GB)
Si Components of the spring-damper offset in the OCID coordinate system,

ignored if OCID is -1.
(Real)
Comments
C BUSH element

Alternate C BUSH element definition
2. CID > 0 overrides GO and Xi. Then the element x-axis is along T1, the element y-axis is
along T2, and the element z-axis is along T3 of the CID coordinate system. If the CID
refers to a cylindrical coordinate system or a spherical coordinate system, the grid GA is
used to locate the system. If for cylindrical or spherical coordinate, GA falls on the z-axis
used to define them, it is recommended that another CID be selected to define the
element x-axis.
3.
specified, the line AB is the element x-axis and the orientation vector lies in the x-y
plane (similar to the CBEAM element).
4.
specified, the line AB is the element x-axis. This option is valid only when K1 or K4 or
both on the PBUSH entry are specified (but K2, K3, K5, and K6 are not specified). If K2,
K3, K5, or K6 are specified, the solver will terminate with an error.
5. If GA and GB are coincident, or if GB is blank, then CID must be specified.
6. If OCID refers to a cylindrical or spherical coordinate system, then grid GA is used to

locate the system.
7. A CBUSH element, referencing a PBUSH property with a single stiffness term, is equivalent
to a CELAS1 or CELAS2 element, only when the elements have zero length. A non-zero
length CBUSH assumes rigid body connections from the connection points, GA and GB, to
the spring-damper location, as defined either by S or the OCID and Si fields.
8. Bushing elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

9. Supported local entries in specific parts can be referenced by the use of “fully qualified
references” on CBUSH entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
(“PartName.number”) is similar to the format of a numeric reference. “PartName” is the
name of the part that contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the
BEGIN Bulk Data Entry in the model). “number” is the identification number of a
referenced local entry in the part “PartName”. See Parts and Instances in the User’s
Guide for detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.
10. The CBUSH element force is calculated as follows:
F = K(UGB - UGA )
Therefore, the sign of the force will depend on the grids GA and GB. If the grids are
switched, then the element force will be reversed.
11. This card is represented as a spring element in HyperMesh.

CBUSH1D
Bulk Data Entry
CBUSH1D – Rod-type Spring-Damper Element
Description
Defines a one-dimensional spring-damper structural element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH1D EID PID GA GB C ID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C BUSH1D 2 6 8 1
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of a PBUSH1D entry.
No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 2 and 7.
CID Element coordinate system identification number. If a value of 0 is input,

the basic coordinate system is selected.
(Integer > 0 or blank) See comments 2 through 4.

Comments
2.
axis. In geometric nonlinear analysis, the element axis (line GA to GB) follows the
deformation of grids GA and GB.
3. If GA and GB are coincident, or if GB is blank, then CID must be specified.
4. If CID > 0, the x-axis of CID is the element axis. In geometric nonlinear analysis,
depending on the referenced system being movable or fixed, the axis of the element will
move or not move with the axes of the system, respectively. Geometric nonlinear
analysis is selected by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
5. In all linear subcases, as well as small displacement nonlinear quasi-static

(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) subcases, PBUSH1D and CBUSH1D are converted internally to the
equivalent PBUSH (with PBUSHT, if necessary) and CBUSH.
6. Rod-type spring-damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
references” on CBUSH1D entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
BEGIN bulk data entry in the model). “number” is the identification number of a referenced
local entry in the part “PartName”. See Parts and Instances in the User’s Guide for
detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.

CDAMP1
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP1 – Scalar Damper Connection
Description
Defines a scalar damper element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP1 EID PID G1 C1 G2 C2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP1 2 10 0 26 3
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PDAMP property entry.
G1, G2 Geometric grid point or scalar point identification number.
C1, C2 Component number in the displacement coordinate system specified by

the CD entry of the GRID data.
Default = 0 (0 < Integer < 6)

Comments
1. Zero or blank may be used to indicate a grounded terminal G1 or G2 with a corresponding

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point whose displacement is constrained
to zero.
2. Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2, (with corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
blank). If only scalar points and/or grounded terminals are involved, it is more efficient to
use the CDAMP3 entry.
4. The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must be distinct.
5. A scalar point specified on this entry need not be defined on an SPOINT entry.
7. Scalar damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
8. This card is represented as a spring or mass element in HyperMesh.

CDAMP2
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP2 – Scalar Damper Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar damper element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP2 EID B G1 C1 G2 C2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP2 2 3.12 12 2
Field Contents
B Value of the scalar damper.
No default (Real)
G1, G2 Geometric grid point identification number.
Default = blank (Integer > 0)
C1, C2 Component number in the displacement coordinate system

specified by the CD entry of the GRID data.

Comments

to zero.
2. Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2, (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero
or blank). If only scalar points and/or grounded terminals are involved, it is more efficient
to use the CDAMP4 entry.
4. This single entry completely defines the element since no material or geometric properties
are required.

CDAMP3
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP3 – Scalar Damper Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar damper element that is connected only to scalar points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP3 EID PID S1 S2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP3 16 978 24 36
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of a PDAMP property entry.
S1, S2 Scalar point identification numbers.
Default = 0 (Integer >
Comments
1. S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero, indicating a constrained coordinate.

3. Only one scalar damper element may be defined on a single entry.

CDAMP4
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP4 – Scalar Damper Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar damper element that is connected only to scalar points and is without
reference to a material or property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP4 EID B S1 S2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DAMP4 16 -2.6 4 9
Field Contents
B Scalar damper value.
No default (Real)

Comments
are required.
4. Only one scalar damper element may be defined on a single entry.

CDSMETH
Bulk Data Entry
CDSMETH - Run Control
Description
The CDSMETH command can be used in the component dynamic synthesis method for
generating component dynamic matrices at each loading frequency.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DSMETH C DSID GTYPE TF OSET TOL SSF RSF
C MSOUT SPID SPID_F GP_RC
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C DSMETH 10 SVDNP YES
C MSOUT 9000001 9000001 YES

t
CDSID <INTEGER> Identification number of CDSMETH.
Default = NONE
GTYPE <SVDNP/ SVDNP: Dynamic Stiffness Matrix is calculated by singular value

BME> decomposition of transfer function after scaling
rotational DOF’s (Comment 6).
Default =

t
SVDNP BME:
Dynamic Stiffness Matrix is calculated by block matrix
elimination (Comment 6).
TF <YES, NO> Generate transfer functions at the connection and

interior points at each loading frequency.
Default = NO
OSET <INTEGER> Grid set for interior grids. The responses corresponding
to interior grids may be recovered in the residual run
Default = BLANK
(Comment 5).
TOL <REAL/BLANK> Tolerance value for the Singular Value Decomposition

(SVD) operation that involves pseudo–inversion of the
Default = 1.0e-20
transfer function matrix to obtain the dynamic stiffness
matrix.
SSF <REAL/BLANK> Structural scale factor used to scale transfer function

terms associated with the structural degrees of freedom
Default = 1.0
prior to the singular value decomposition (SVD)
operation.
RSF <REAL/BLANK> Rotational scale factor used to scale transfer function

terms associated with the rotational degrees of freedom
Default = 1.0e-3
prior to the singular value decomposition (SVD)
operation.
CMSOUT <CMSOUT/BLANK> This is an optional keyword to specify the creation of

the component model synthesis (CMS) super element
Default = BLANK generated using the General Modal method with free –
free boundary (Craig-Chang method).

t
SPID <INTEGER> The starting SPOINT ID to be used in CMS matrix output

for the structural eigenmodes. There is no default. This
is only valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
SPID_F <INTEGER> The starting SPOINT ID to be used in CMS matrix output

for the fluid eigenmodes. There is no default, if fluid
grids are present in the model. However, this must be
used, if there are fluid grids in the model. This is only
valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
GP_RC <YES, NO> Grid participation recovery control. If YES, the fluid-
structural interface connection matrix is calculated and
Default = NO stored as a part of the CMS super element. This is only
valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
Comments
1. The responses available for recovery, and the attachment points available for connection
in the residual structure, must be specified on a BNDFRE1, BNDFREE, CSET or CSET1 data
entry for a modal frequency response analysis in which CDSMETH has been specified.
2. Frequencies available for recovery must be specified, using the FREQ or FREQ# (# ranges
from 1 to 5) data entries, in the modal frequency response analysis in which CDSMETH
has been specified.
3. A MODEL card may be used for additional response output for the optional CMS
superelement output.
4. Reasonable speedup may be achieved by reducing the number of ASET points in the
residual run when CDSMETH is used.
5. If OSET is specified, TF is automatically set to YES.
6. Performance may be an issue with the Block Matrix Elimination (BME) method for large
models. The BME option for the GTYPE field is only recommended for small models or when
other methods fail to work.

CELAS1
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS1 – Scalar Spring Connection
Description
Defines a scalar spring element of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS1 EID PID G1 C1 G2 C2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS1 2 6 8 1
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PELAS property entry.
G1,G2 Geometric grid point or scalar point identification number.
C1,C2 Component number in the displacement coordinate system specified by


Comments

to zero.
2. Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2 (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
use the CELAS3 entry.

CELAS2
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS2 – Scalar Spring Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar spring element of the structural model without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS2 EID K G1 C1 G2 C2 GE S
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS2 28 6.2+3 19 4
Field Contents
K Spring stiffness.
No default (Real)


Field Contents
GE Damping coefficient. (See comment 7).
S Stress coefficient.
Comments

to zero.
2. Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2 (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
use the CELAS4 entry.
are required.
6. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.
7. If PARAM, W4 is not specified, GE is ignored in transient analysis.
9. The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation: F = k * (u1 – u2)
Where, k is the stiffness coefficient for the scalar element and u1 is the displacement of
the first degree-of-freedom listed on the CELAS entry. Element stresses are calculated
from the equation: s = S * F, where, S is the stress coefficient as defined above.


CELAS3
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS3 – Scalar Spring Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar spring element that connects only to scalar points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS3 EID PID S1 S2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS3 19 2 14 15
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of a PELAS entry.
Comments
1. S1 or S2 may be blank or zero indicating a constrained coordinate.
3. Only one scalar spring element may be defined on a single entry.


CELAS4
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS4 – Scalar Spring Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar spring element that is connected only to scalar points without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS4 EID K S1 S2 GE S
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ELAS4 42 6.2-3 2
Field Contents
K Stiffness of the scalar spring.
No default (Real)
GE Damping coefficient. See comment 7.

Field Contents
S Stress coefficient
Comments
1. S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero indicating a constrained coordinate.
are required.
4. Only one scalar spring element may be defined on a single entry.
6. The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation: F = k * (u1 – u2)

CFAST
Bulk Data Entry
CFAST – Fastener Element Connection
Description
Define a fastener with material orientation connecting two shell surfaces.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C FAST EID PID C TYPE PIDA/ PIDB/ GS GA GB

SHIDA SHIDB
XS YS ZS
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C FAST 22 1 PROP 2 3
0.2 0.3 0.3
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C FAST 22 1 ELEM 101 201 21 30
Field Contents

Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PFAST entry.
CTYPE The type of connection between the patches. Either format

connects up to 3 x 3 elements per patch (possibly more for triangular
elements).
For PROP, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying the property numbers of shells on side A and B,
PIDA and PIDB, respectively.
For ELEM, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying IDs of shells SHIDA and SHIDB, respectively.
No default
PIDA,PIDB Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A

and B, respectively. Required when CTYPE = PROP.
SHIDA, SHIDB Element identification numbers of shells defining fastener ends A and
B, respectively. Required when CTYPE = ELEM.
GS Identification number of a grid point which defines the location of the

connector. See comment 2.
(Integer > 0)
GA, GB These represent grid identification numbers of piercing points on

surface A and surface B respectively. See comment 3.
(Integer > 0)
XS, YS, ZS Coordinates of point that defines the location of the fastener in the
basic coordinate system. It is an alternative way of specifying the
location of GS.
(Real)
Comments
1. CFAST defines a flexible connection between two shell surface patches. An internally-
generated CBUSH element will be created automatically for a CFAST, and the end points
of this bushing will be connected to the grids of corresponding shell elements. Then the

stiffness, mass and structural damping of the CBUSH will be transferred to the
corresponding shell grids. GS, GA and GB do not hold any independent DOF. See the
figure below:
2. A CFAST element connects Shell A and Shell B. An internal CBUSH is generated for the
CFAST and supported by fictitious auxiliary points. Auxiliary points, in turn, are
constrained by corresponding shell grids. (To have a clear view, only one of these kind of
constraint relationships is shown with dotted lines).
3. The end points of the internally-generated CBUSH element are defined from GS, GA, and
GB (not all are required). If GA or GB is not specified, they are generated from the normal
projection of GS onto the surface patches. If GA and GB (or, GA only) are (is) specified,
they take precedence over GS in defining the respective end points (If only GA is
specified, then GA is used as a normal projection point (similar to GS) to generate GB on
Shell B). Also, their locations will be corrected so that they lie on surface patch A and B,
respectively. If neither GS nor GA is specified, then (XS, YS, and ZS), in the basic
coordinate system, must be specified. The length of the connector is the distance
between projected points GA and GB.
4. The connections of the internally-generated bushing to surface patches A and B are

defined in the following way: the axis GA-GB is used to define four pairs of auxiliary points
GAHi, GBHi, i=1,4 that are located on patches A and B, respectively. The cross-section
area of the resulting hexahedral is equivalent to the area of the connector, defined from
diameter D on PFAST card. The connector stiffness matrix is first built by connecting the
internally-generated bushing element to the auxiliary points, and then constraining them
to supporting shell nodes using respective shape functions. Similarly, the mass of the
fastener is divided by ½ to each side and then distributed via auxiliary points to
supporting shell nodes.

5. Since the geometry for finding the correct projection could be various and complicated,
sometimes the default projection algorithm may fail. However, the default projection rules
and tolerances can be modified to some extent via the SWLDPRM card.

CGAP
Bulk Data Entry
CGAP – Gap Element Connection
Description
Defines a gap or friction element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GAP EID PID GA GB GO/X1 X2 X3 C ID
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GAP 6 6 233 223 3.0 -1.0 1.0
Minimum necessary data when GA and GB are not coincident:
C GAP 247 1 233 223
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PGAP entry.
GA,GB Connected grid points at ends A and B.

Field Contents
X1, X2, Components of the orientation vector, from GA, in the displacement
X3 coordinate system at GA.
Default determined automatically - See comment 7. (Real)
G0 Alternate method to supply orientation vector, using grid point G0. Direction
of orientation vector is from GA to G0.
CID Element coordinate system identification number. CID must be specified if

GA and GB are coincident (distance from GA to GB < 10-4).
Alternatively: FLIP – reverses the direction of the gap axis (See comment
5).
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or flip or blank) - See comments 2 through 6.
Comments
1. For linear subcases, the CGAP element will produce a linear stiffness matrix which remains
linear with the initial stiffness. The stiffness used depends on the value for the initial gap
opening (U0 field in the PGAP entry).
2. The gap element coordinate system is defined by one of the following methods:
Prescribed CID: If the coordinate system CID is specified, the element coordinate
system is established using that coordinate system. In this case, the element x-axis is
in the coordinate system’s 1-direction, and the y-axis is in the coordinate system’s 2-
direction (for rectangular coordinate systems; the 1-direction is the x-direction and
the 2-direction is the y-direction). The orientation vector will be ignored in this case.
CID field blank: If the CID field is blank and the grid points GA and GB are not
coincident (distance from GA to GB > 10-4), then the line GA-GB is the element x-axis
and the orientation vector lies in the x-y plane (as with the CBEAM element).
FLIP option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is reversed with respect to the
default orientation described above. This option is useful when meshes of bodies A
and B overlap, rather than have a gap between them (See comment 5).
For gaps with coincident nodes (the distance between GA and GB < 1.0e-4), the gap
coordinate system must be specified.
3. In typical applications, leaving the CID field blank is appropriate when the nodes GA and
GB obstacle are initially separated. If the meshes of bodies A and B overlap, then a
coordinate system CID should be specified or the FLIP option should be used as discussed
below.

4. When prescribing the gap coordinate system CID, it is essential to assure that its x-axis
points in the general direction from body A (the one associated with node GA) towards
the body B (the one associated with node GB). This will assure that the gap element
acts to prevent contact/overlap of these bodies. An incorrect orientation of the x-axis
will result in gap elements being ineffective, or will even act to "glue" the bodies together,
rather than prevent them from overlapping. The solver checks for such misalignment and
prints respective error and warning messages. For more information, see the GAPPRM bulk
data card.
5. The FLIP option in the CID field is useful when meshes of bodies A and B overlap, rather
than have a gap between them. In such cases, the defaults gap axis vector GA-GB
would be opposite to the overall direction from body A to body B and therefore would
produce a "gluing" effect, rather than a resolution of the contact condition. The FLIP
option reverses the default gap direction so that the gap axis correctly points from the
bulk of body A towards body B in such cases. The effect of FLIP is equivalent to defining
a coordinate system with axis 1 pointing in direction GB-GA, rather then GA-GB.
Aside from setting the FLIP option to correctly resolve the cases with initial penetration,
U0 on the PGAP card needs to be properly set to a negative value, or an AUTO option
needs to be used in the U0 field.
Alternatively, FLIP can be used to define a simple cable element. If such an arrangement
is used, then it should be noted that:
a) F0 corresponds to a pair of forces acting on the ends of the cable (pointing inwards),
while U0 corresponds to pre-existing “slack” or extra length in the cable.
b) Gap “open” status corresponds to the cable being “shortened”, while “closed” gap
status corresponds to the cable being “elongated.”
c) Positive gap force reported in the results corresponds to the cable being in tension
(note that the force also includes the effect of F0).
6. The element coordinate system does not rotate as a result of deflections.
7. If neither coordinate system nor orientation vector are specified, the orientation vector is
defined automatically as a vector aligned with the axis of the basic coordinate system
that makes the largest angle with the gap direction (gap x-axis).
8. Initial gap openings are specified on the PGAP entry and not derived from the separation
distance between GA and GB.
9. Forces, which are requested with the FORCE card in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections, are output in the element coordinate system. F x is positive for
compression.

C GAP Element C oordinate System
10. For more information on using nonlinear gaps, refer to the Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
section of the User's Guide.
11. Heat transfer properties can be defined for Gap elements using the PGAPHT bulk data
entry.
12. This card is represented as a gap or mass element in HyperMesh.

CGAPG
Bulk Data Entry
CGAPG – General Node-to-Obstacle Gap Element
Description
Defines a node-to-obstacle gap element. The obstacle may be an element face or a patch of
nodes.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GAPG EID PID GA TYP X1/G0 X2 X3 C ID
GB1/ELIDB GB2/G1 GB3/G3 GB4/ GB5 GB6 GB7 GB8

or G4
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GAPG 6 6 233 ELEM 3.0 -1.0 1.0
257
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GAPG 6 6 233 QUAD
110 111 114 113

Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PGAP entry.
GA Grid point serving as end A of CGAPG.
TYP Character string indicating the type of obstacle on the B end of CGAPG
(opposing node GA):
QUAD indicates that the obstacle is defined as a quadrilateral patch of grid

points. The patch is defined with grid identification numbers GB#.
TRIA indicates that the obstacle is defined as a triangular patch of grid

points. The patch is defined with grid identification numbers GB#.
ELEM indicates that the obstacle is defined as element face.
No default (QUAD, TRIA or ELEM)
X1, X2, X3 Components of the orientation vector, from GA, in the displacement
coordinate system at GA.
Default determined automatically – See comment 6. (Real)
G0 Alternate method to supply orientation vector, using grid point G0.

Direction of orientation vector is from GA to G0.
CID Prescribed element coordinate system identification number. CID, when

prescribed, is used to define both the gap axis and orientation vector.
Additional keywords that can be used in this field:
FLIP – reverses the default orientation of gap axis, so it points from

obstacle B towards GA.
PUSHOUT – for obstacles defined as solid elements using ELIDB, gap axis is
automatically defined so as to create “pushout” force that prevents GA

Field Contents
from entering the interior of the element ELIDB.
PUSHNORM – gap axis is automatically defined so as to create “pushout”

force from obstacle B towards GA along the default vector normal to the
obstacle B.
PUSHREVN – creates pushout force reversed relative to the PUSHNORM

option.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, FLIP, PUSHOUT, PUSHNORM, PUSHREVN, or

blank). See comments 2 through 5.
GB# Grid identification number of the grid surface patch on the B (obstacle)
end of the CGAPG element. GB1 to GB3 are required.
No default (Integer > 0). See comment 7.
ELIDB Element identification number of the element on the B (obstacle) end of

the CGAPG element.
G1 For solid element ELIDB: identification number of a grid point connected to

a corner of the face that defines the second end of the CGAPG element.
For PYRA elements, this grid must be on an edge of the quadrilateral face.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank). See comments 8 through 11.
G3 For solid element ELIDB: identification number of a grid point connected to

a corner diagonally opposite to G1 on the same face of a HEXA or PENTA
element. Needed only if G1 has been specified. It is required data for
quadrilateral faces of HEXA and PENTA elements only (Integer or blank).
G3 must be omitted for a triangular surface on a PENTA element and the
quadrilateral face on a PYRA element. For triangular faces of PYRA
elements, this grid must be on the edge next to the quadrilateral face. G1
and G3 must define a positive direction into the element using the right
hand rule.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank). See comments 8 through 11.
G4 For solid element ELIDB: identification number of the TETRA grid point
located at the corner, not on the face being loaded. This is used for
TETRA elements only. It is required data if G1 has been specified.

Comments
1. CGAPG defines a contact element between a point and an obstacle. The obstacle may be
defined as a patch of nodes or as an element face. See figure below:
Typical configuration of C GAPG between node GA and a grid patch GB1…GB4.
2. The gap element coordinate system is defined via one of the following methods:
Prescribed CID: if the coordinate system CID is specified, the element coordinate
system is established using that coordinate system. In this case, the element x-axis is
in the coordinate system’s 1-direction, and the y-axis is in the coordinate system’s 2-
direction (for rectangular coordinate systems; the 1-direction is the x-direction and
the 2-direction is the y-direction). The orientation vector will be ignored in this case.
CID field blank: if the CID field is blank and the grid point GA does not lie on the
element face or node patch (distance from GA to the surface > 10-4), then the x-axis
is defined along the shortest distance from GA to the element face or node patch. The
orientation of gap x-axis points from GA towards the patch or element face (see figure
above). The orientation vector defines the x-y plane of the gap coordinate system
(similarly as for the CGAP element).
If the grid point GA lies on the element face or node patch (distance from GA to the
surface < 10-4), then CID must be prescribed.
FLIP option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is reversed with respect to the
default orientation described above. This option is useful when meshes of bodies A
and B overlap rather than have a gap between them (See comment 5).
PUSHOUT option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is oriented so as to prevent
GA from entering interior of body B. This is only available for obstacles defined as 3D
solid elements with ELIDB.

With the PUSHNORM option, the gap axis is so oriented so as to produce “pushout”
force from obstacle B towards GA along the default normal vector to the obstacle –
element face or node patch. (Note that this pushout force direction is opposite to the
gap axis, which points from GA towards the obstacle.)
In cases when GA does not have a direct normal projection onto the obstacle B, and
the "shortest distance" projection is used (GAPGPRJ set to SHORT on the GAPPRM
card), the pushout force is oriented along the shortest distance line, yet with the
orientation aligned with the normal vector.
PUSHREVN creates pushout force reversed relative to the PUSHNORM option.
Note that for faces on solid elements, the default normal is pointing inwards, so that it
is the PUSHREVN option that will prevent penetration (PUSHOUT is a more
straightforward option to use on solid faces).
3. In typical applications, leaving the CID field blank is appropriate when the node GA and
the obstacle are initially separated; that is, there is a gap between respective bodies A
and B (see figure above). If the meshes of bodies A and B overlap, then a coordinate
system CID should be specified (See comment 4). Alternatively, and usually more
intuitively, one of the FLIP, PUSHOUT, PUSHNORM, or PUSHREVN options may be used.
4. When prescribing the gap coordinate system CID, it is essential to assure that the
resulting gap x-axis points in the general direction from body A (the one associated with
node GA) towards body B (the one associated with element ELIDB or patch GB#). This
assures that the gap element will act to prevent the contact/overlap of these bodies. An
incorrect orientation of the x-axis will result in the gap element being ineffective or can
even act to "glue" the bodies together rather than prevent their overlap. The solver
checks for such misalignment and prints respective error and warning messages. For more
information, see the GAPPRM bulk data card.
5. The FLIP option in the CID field is useful when the meshes of bodies A and B overlap
rather than have a gap between them. In such cases, the default gap axis vector would
be opposite to the overall direction from body A to body B, and therefore would produce a
"gluing" effect rather than a resolution of the contact condition. The FLIP option reverses
the default gap direction so that the gap axis correctly points from the bulk of body A
towards body B in such cases.
Aside from setting the FLIP option or prescribing CID to correctly resolve the cases with
initial penetration, U0 on the PGAP card needs to be properly set to a negative value or
an AUTO option needs to be used in the U0 field.
6. If neither coordinate system CID nor orientation vector is specified, the orientation vector
is defined automatically as a vector aligned with the axis of the basic coordinate system
that makes the largest angle with the gap direction (gap x-axis).
7. GB# are required when TYP is QUAD or TRIA. At least 3, and at most 8, grid IDs may be
specified for GB#. Triangular and quadrilateral element definition sequences apply for the
order of GB# (see below). Missing mid-side nodes are allowed.

Quadrilateral and triangular surface patches as defined when TYP is QUAD or TRIA.
8. If ELIDB represents a solid element and G1, G3/G4 fields are blank, then the element face
closest to the grid GA is selected as the respective obstacle face.
Note that if the meshes are overlapping (such as in the case of initial penetration), this
option should not be used, and the contact face should be explicitly prescribed.
Otherwise, the face closest to GA may be an internal face within the solid body, rather
than the outside surface of body B.
9. G1 and G3 are ignored for shell elements (TRIA3, QUAD4, TRIA6 and QUAD8).
10. For triangular faces of PENTA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid
point that is on the face being loaded and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For faces of
TETRA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid point that is on the face
being loaded and G4 is an identification number of the corner grid point that is not on the
face being loaded. Since a TETRA has only four corner points, this point, G4, is unique
and different for each of the four faces of a TETRA element.
11. For the quadrilateral face of the PYRA element, G1 is an identification number of a corner
grid point on the face and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For the triangular faces, G1 and
G3 must specify the grids on the edge of the face that borders the quadrilateral face and
the grids must be ordered so that they define an inward normal using the right hand rule.
12. The element coordinate system does not rotate as a result of deformation.
13. Initial gap openings are specified on the PGAP entry and not derived from the separation
distance between GA and GB, unless the AUTO option is used on the PGAP card.
14. Gap forces, which are requested with the FORCE card in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections, are output in the gap element coordinate system. F x is positive for
compression.
15. For linear subcases, the CGAPG element will produce a linear stiffness matrix which
remains linear with the initial stiffness. The stiffness used depends on the value for the
initial gap opening (U0 field in the PGAP entry).
16. For more information on using nonlinear gaps, refer to the Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
section of the User's Guide.

17. This card is represented as a gap or mass element in HyperMesh.

CGASK6
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK6 – Five-sided Solid Gasket Element with Six Grid Nodes
Description
Defining the connections of the GASK6 solid gasket element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GASK6 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GASK6 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PGASK property entry.
G# Grid point identification number of connection points.
Comments

2. Grid points G1, …, G3 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. G4, …, G6 must be on the top face with G4 opposite G1, G5 opposite G2,
and so on.
3. If the user-prescribed node numbering on the bottom and top faces is reversed as
compared to the sequence shown above, then the nodes are renumbered to produce
right-handed orientation of numbering. This is accomplished by swapping nodes G1 with
G3 and G4 with G6. In such cases, the element local coordinate system will be built on
the renumbered node sequence.
4. The element coordinate system for the CGASK6 element is defined below.
The local 3-direction (the gasket material thickness direction in default) is defined as the
simple average of the unit normal directions on the top and bottom surfaces of the
element. After the local 3-direction is defined, a local 1-2 plane is generated accordingly.
Then, the local 1-direction and 2-direction are defined as follows: Project the basic x-axis
onto the local 1-2 plane, and set it to be the default local 1-direction. If the basic x-axis
is within 0.1° difference as the local 3-direction, project the basic z-axis onto the local 1-
2 plane and set it to be the local 1-direction. The local 2-direction is determined then.
5. The gasket material coordinate system is the same as the element coordinate system in
default and can be defined as a prescribed system through PGASK entry.
6. This card is represented as a gask6 element in HyperMesh.

CGASK8
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK8 – Six-sided Solid Gasket Element with Eight Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
G7 G8
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GASK8 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Field Contents

Comments
2. Grid points G1, …, G4 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. G5, …, G8 must be on the top face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2,
and so on.

CGASK12
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK12 – Five-sided Solid Gasket Element with Twelve Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GASK12 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14
Field Contents

Comments
2. Corner grid points G1, …, G3 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Corner grid points G4, …, G6 must be on the top face with G4 opposite
G1, G5 opposite G2, and so on.
Edge grid points G7, …, G9 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Edge grid points G10, …, G12 must be on the top face with G10 opposite

CGASK16
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK16 – Six-sided Solid Gasket Element with Sixteen Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14
G15 G16
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C GASK16 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18
Field Contents

Field Contents
Comments
2. Corner grid points G1, …, G4 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Corner grid points G5, …, G8 must be on the top face with G5 opposite
Edge grid points G9, …, G12 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Edge grid points G13, …, G16 must be on the top face with G13 opposite


CHACAB
Bulk Data Entry
CHACAB – Six-sided, Frequency-dependent Structural Acoustic Absorber Element
Description
Defines the frequency-dependent structural acoustic absorber element in coupled fluid-

structural analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C HAC AB EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12
G17 G18 G19 G20
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C HAC AB 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PACABS property entry.

Field Contents
Gi Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
Input File - chacab.fem
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ $
$$ NASTRAN Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 8.0SR1 $
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Nastran Template Version : 8.0sr1
$$ $
$$ Template: general $
$$ $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Executive Control Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SOL 111
CEND
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SET 1 = 1734
DISPLACEMENT = 1
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP 1"Load2"
SUBCASE 1
LABEL= Load2
SPC = 4
FREQUENCY = 5
DLOAD = 2
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Bulk Data Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
BEGIN BULK
$CHEXA 1056 2 1650 1661 1662 1651 1671 1682+

$+ 1683 1672
CHACAB 1056 100 1650 1645 1657 1658 1676 1675+
+ 1671 1672
PACABS,100,YES,1,2,3,1.5,10.0,2.0
PARAM,G,0.001
PARAM,COUPMASS,-1
PARAM,POST,-1
$ACMODL DIFF 0.1
$$
EIGRL,20,,,300
EIGRL,21,,,300
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID 1 2.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 2 2.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 3 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 4 2.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 5 2.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 6 2.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 7 2.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 8 2.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 9 2.0 -2.0 0.0 -1

GRID 10 1.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 11 1.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 12 1.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 13 1.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 14 1.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 15 1.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 16 1.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 17 1.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 18 1.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 19 1.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 20 1.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 21 1.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 22 1.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 23 1.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 24 1.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 25 1.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 26 1.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 27 1.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 28 0.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 29 0.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 30 0.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 31 0.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 32 0.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 33 0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 34 0.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 35 0.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 36 0.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 37 0.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 38 0.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 39 0.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 40 0.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 41 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 42 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 43 0.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 44 0.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 45 0.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 46 -0.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 47 -0.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 48 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 49 -0.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 50 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 51 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 52 -0.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 53 -0.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 54 -0.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 55 -1.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 56 -1.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 57 -1.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 58 -1.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 59 -1.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 60 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 61 -1.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 62 -1.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 63 -1.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 64 -1.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 65 -1.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 66 -1.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 67 -1.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 68 -1.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 69 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 70 -1.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 71 -1.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 72 -1.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 73 -2.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 74 -2.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 75 -2.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 76 -2.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 77 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 78 -2.0 -0.5 0.0 -1

GRID 79 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 80 -2.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 81 -2.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 82 2.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 83 2.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 84 2.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 85 2.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 86 2.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 87 2.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 88 2.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 89 2.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 90 2.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 91 -2.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 92 -2.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 93 -2.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 94 -2.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 95 -2.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 96 -2.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 97 -2.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 98 -2.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 99 -2.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 100 2.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 101 2.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 102 2.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 103 2.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 104 1.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 105 1.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 106 1.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 107 1.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 108 0.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 109 0.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 110 0.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 111 0.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 112 -0.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 113 -0.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 114 -1.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 115 -1.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 116 -1.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 117 -1.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 118 -2.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 119 -2.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 120 -2.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 121 -2.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 727 2.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 728 2.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 729 2.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 730 2.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 731 2.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 732 2.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 733 2.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 734 2.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 735 2.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 736 2.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 737 2.5 -4.2E-191.0 -1
GRID 738 2.0 -6.5E-201.0 -1
GRID 739 2.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 740 2.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 741 2.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 742 2.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 743 2.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 744 2.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 745 2.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 746 2.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 747 2.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 748 2.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 749 1.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 750 1.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 751 1.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 752 1.5 1.0 1.0 -1

GRID 753 1.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 754 1.5 -9.8E-211.0 -1
GRID 755 1.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 756 1.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 757 1.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 758 1.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 759 1.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 760 1.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 761 1.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 762 1.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 763 1.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 764 1.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 765 1.0 -1.5E-211.0 -1
GRID 766 1.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 767 1.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 768 1.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 769 1.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 770 1.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 771 0.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 772 0.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 773 0.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 774 0.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 775 0.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 776 0.5 -2.3E-221.0 -1
GRID 777 0.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 778 0.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 779 0.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 780 0.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 781 0.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 782 0.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 783 0.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 784 0.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 785 0.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 786 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 787 0.0 -3.5E-231.0 -1
GRID 788 0.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 789 0.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 790 0.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 791 0.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 792 0.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 793 -0.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 794 -0.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 795 -0.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 796 -0.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 797 -0.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 798 -0.5 -5.3E-241.0 -1
GRID 799 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 800 -0.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 801 -0.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 802 -0.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 803 -0.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 804 -1.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 805 -1.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 806 -1.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 807 -1.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 808 -1.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 809 -1.0 -8.1E-251.0 -1
GRID 810 -1.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 811 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 812 -1.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 813 -1.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 814 -1.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 815 -1.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 816 -1.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 817 -1.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 818 -1.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 819 -1.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 820 -1.5 -9.3E-181.0 -1
GRID 821 -1.5 -0.5 1.0 -1

GRID 822 -1.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 823 -1.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 824 -1.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 825 -1.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 826 -2.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 827 -2.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 828 -2.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 829 -2.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 830 -2.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 831 -2.0 -2.0E-181.0 -1
GRID 832 -2.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 833 -2.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 834 -2.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 835 -2.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 836 -2.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 837 -2.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 838 -2.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 839 -2.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 840 -2.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 841 -2.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 842 -2.5 -1.0E-181.0 -1
GRID 843 -2.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 844 -2.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 845 -2.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 846 -2.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 847 -2.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 848 2.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 849 2.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 850 2.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 851 2.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 852 2.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 853 2.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 854 2.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 855 2.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 856 2.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 857 2.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 858 2.5 -6.0E-192.0 -1
GRID 859 2.0 -1.2E-192.0 -1
GRID 860 2.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 861 2.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 862 2.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 863 2.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 864 2.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 865 2.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 866 2.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 867 2.0 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 868 2.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 869 2.0 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 870 1.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 871 1.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 872 1.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 873 1.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 874 1.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 875 1.5 -2.1E-202.0 -1
GRID 876 1.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 877 1.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 878 1.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 879 1.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 880 1.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 881 1.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 882 1.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 883 1.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 884 1.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 885 1.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 886 1.0 -3.8E-212.0 -1
GRID 887 1.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 888 1.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 889 1.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 890 1.0 -2.0 2.0 -1

GRID 891 1.0 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 892 0.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 893 0.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 894 0.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 895 0.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 896 0.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 897 0.5 -6.7E-222.0 -1
GRID 898 0.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 899 0.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 900 0.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 901 0.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 902 0.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 903 0.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 904 0.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 905 0.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 906 0.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 907 0.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 908 0.0 -1.2E-222.0 -1
GRID 909 0.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 910 0.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 911 0.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 912 0.0 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 913 0.0 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 914 -0.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 915 -0.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 916 -0.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 917 -0.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 918 -0.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 919 -0.5 -2.0E-232.0 -1
GRID 920 -0.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 921 -0.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 922 -0.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 923 -0.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 924 -0.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 925 -1.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 926 -1.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 927 -1.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 928 -1.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 929 -1.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 930 -1.0 -1.4E-182.0 -1
GRID 931 -1.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 932 -1.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 933 -1.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 934 -1.0 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 935 -1.0 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 936 -1.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 937 -1.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 938 -1.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 939 -1.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 940 -1.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 941 -1.5 -1.3E-172.0 -1
GRID 942 -1.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 943 -1.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 944 -1.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 945 -1.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 946 -1.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 947 -2.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 948 -2.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 949 -2.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 950 -2.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 951 -2.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 952 -2.0 -4.1E-182.0 -1
GRID 953 -2.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
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GRID 1405 -2.0 1.5 0.0
GRID 1406 -2.0 1.0 0.0
GRID 1407 -2.0 0.5 0.0
GRID 1408 -2.0 -2.2E-180.0
GRID 1409 -2.0 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1410 -2.0 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1411 -2.0 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1412 -2.0 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1413 2.4964642.0 0.004472
GRID 1414 2.4964641.5 0.004472
GRID 1415 2.4964641.0 0.004472
GRID 1416 2.4964640.5 0.004472
GRID 1417 2.496464-2.6E-180.004472
GRID 1418 2.496464-0.5 0.004472
GRID 1419 2.496464-1.0 0.004472
GRID 1420 2.496464-1.5 0.004472
GRID 1421 2.496464-2.0 0.004472
GRID 1422 -2.496462.0 0.004472
GRID 1423 -2.496461.5 0.004472
GRID 1424 -2.496461.0 0.004472
GRID 1425 -2.496460.5 0.004472
GRID 1426 -2.49646-2.6E-180.004472
GRID 1427 -2.49646-0.5 0.004472
GRID 1428 -2.49646-1.0 0.004472
GRID 1429 -2.49646-1.5 0.004472
GRID 1430 -2.49646-2.0 0.004472
GRID 1431 2.4961522.4961520.005963
GRID 1432 2.496152-2.496150.005963
GRID 1433 2.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1434 2.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1435 1.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1436 1.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1437 1.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1438 1.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1439 0.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1440 0.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1441 -2.6E-182.4964640.004472
GRID 1442 -2.6E-18-2.496460.004472

GRID 1443 -0.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1444 -0.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1445 -1.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1446 -1.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1447 -1.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1448 -1.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1449 -2.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1450 -2.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1451 -2.496152.4961520.005963
GRID 1452 -2.49615-2.496150.005963
GRID 1453 -2.49615-2.496154.994037
GRID 1454 -2.49646-2.0 4.995528
GRID 1455 -2.49646-1.5 4.995528
GRID 1456 -2.49646-1.0 4.995528
GRID 1457 -2.49646-0.5 4.995528
GRID 1458 -2.496465.58E-174.995528
GRID 1459 -2.496460.5 4.995528
GRID 1460 -2.496461.0 4.995528
GRID 1461 -2.496461.5 4.995528
GRID 1462 -2.496152.4961524.994037
GRID 1463 -2.496462.0 4.995528
GRID 1464 -2.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1465 -2.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1466 -2.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1467 -2.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1468 -2.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1469 -2.0 1.05E-165.0
GRID 1470 -2.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1471 -2.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1472 -2.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1473 -2.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1474 -2.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1475 -1.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1476 -1.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1477 -1.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1478 -1.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1479 -1.5 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1480 -1.5 1.32E-165.0
GRID 1481 -1.5 0.5 5.0
GRID 1482 -1.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1483 -1.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1484 -1.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1485 -1.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1486 -1.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1487 -1.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1488 -1.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1489 -1.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1493 -1.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1494 -1.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1495 -1.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1496 -1.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1497 -0.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1498 -0.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1499 -0.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1500 -0.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1504 -0.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1505 -0.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1506 -0.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1507 -0.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1508 -1.0E-16-2.496464.995528
GRID 1509 -1.1E-17-2.0 5.0
GRID 1510 2.04E-16-1.5 5.0
GRID 1511 2.61E-16-1.0 5.0
GRID 1515 -1.2E-161.0 5.0
GRID 1516 -1.4E-161.5 5.0
GRID 1517 -2.4E-162.4964644.995528
GRID 1518 -2.4E-162.0 5.0
GRID 1519 0.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1520 0.5 -2.0 5.0

GRID 1521 0.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1522 0.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1526 0.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1527 0.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1528 0.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1529 0.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1530 1.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1531 1.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1532 1.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1533 1.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1534 1.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1535 1.0 -3.0E-165.0
GRID 1536 1.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1537 1.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1538 1.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1539 1.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1540 1.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1541 1.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1542 1.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1543 1.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1544 1.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1545 1.5 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1546 1.5 -2.8E-165.0
GRID 1547 1.5 0.5 5.0
GRID 1548 1.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1549 1.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1550 1.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1551 1.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1552 2.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1553 2.496152-2.496154.994037
GRID 1554 2.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1555 2.496464-2.0 4.995528
GRID 1556 2.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1557 2.496464-1.5 4.995528
GRID 1558 2.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1559 2.496464-1.0 4.995528
GRID 1560 2.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1561 2.496464-0.5 4.995528
GRID 1562 2.0 -2.4E-165.0
GRID 1563 2.496464-1.8E-164.995528
GRID 1564 2.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1565 2.4964640.5 4.995528
GRID 1566 2.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1567 2.4964641.0 4.995528
GRID 1568 2.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1569 2.4964641.5 4.995528
GRID 1570 2.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1571 2.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1572 2.4964642.0 4.995528
GRID 1573 2.4961522.4961524.994037
GRID 1574 -2.49776-2.497764.0
GRID 1575 -2.5 -2.0 4.0
GRID 1576 -2.5 -1.5 4.0
GRID 1577 -2.5 -1.0 4.0
GRID 1578 -2.5 -0.5 4.0
GRID 1579 -2.5 1.07E-164.0
GRID 1580 -2.5 0.5 4.0
GRID 1581 -2.5 1.0 4.0
GRID 1582 -2.5 1.5 4.0
GRID 1583 -2.497762.4977644.0
GRID 1584 -2.5 2.0 4.0
GRID 1585 -2.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1586 -2.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1587 -1.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1588 -1.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1589 -1.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1590 -1.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1591 -0.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1592 -0.5 2.5 4.0

GRID 1593 -2.5E-16-2.5 4.0
GRID 1594 -2.3E-162.5 4.0
GRID 1595 0.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1596 0.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1597 1.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1598 1.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1599 1.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1600 1.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1601 2.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1602 2.497764-2.497764.0
GRID 1603 2.5 -2.0 4.0
GRID 1604 2.5 -1.5 4.0
GRID 1605 2.5 -1.0 4.0
GRID 1606 2.5 -0.5 4.0
GRID 1607 2.5 -1.0E-164.0
GRID 1608 2.5 0.5 4.0
GRID 1609 2.5 1.0 4.0
GRID 1610 2.5 1.5 4.0
GRID 1611 2.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1612 2.5 2.0 4.0
GRID 1613 2.4977642.4977644.0
GRID 1614 -2.49776-2.497763.0
GRID 1615 -2.5 -2.0 3.0
GRID 1616 -2.5 -1.5 3.0
GRID 1617 -2.5 -1.0 3.0
GRID 1618 -2.5 -0.5 3.0
GRID 1619 -2.5 -5.4E-183.0
GRID 1620 -2.5 0.5 3.0
GRID 1621 -2.5 1.0 3.0
GRID 1622 -2.5 1.5 3.0
GRID 1623 -2.497762.4977643.0
GRID 1624 -2.5 2.0 3.0
GRID 1625 -2.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1626 -2.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1627 -1.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1628 -1.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1629 -1.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1630 -1.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1631 -0.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1632 -0.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1633 -2.9E-18-2.5 3.0
GRID 1634 -3.1E-182.5 3.0
GRID 1635 0.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1636 0.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1637 1.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1638 1.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1639 1.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1640 1.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1641 2.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1642 2.497764-2.497763.0
GRID 1643 2.5 -2.0 3.0
GRID 1644 2.5 -1.5 3.0
GRID 1645 2.5 -1.0 3.0
GRID 1646 2.5 -0.5 3.0
GRID 1647 2.5 -3.4E-183.0
GRID 1648 2.5 0.5 3.0
GRID 1649 2.5 1.0 3.0
GRID 1650 2.5 1.5 3.0
GRID 1651 2.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1652 2.5 2.0 3.0
GRID 1653 2.4977642.4977643.0
GRID 1654 -2.49776-2.497762.0
GRID 1655 -2.5 -2.0 2.0
GRID 1656 -2.5 -1.5 2.0
GRID 1657 -2.5 -1.0 2.0
GRID 1658 -2.5 -0.5 2.0
GRID 1659 -2.5 -5.0E-182.0
GRID 1660 -2.5 0.5 2.0
GRID 1661 -2.5 1.0 2.0

GRID 1662 -2.5 1.5 2.0
GRID 1663 -2.497762.4977642.0
GRID 1664 -2.5 2.0 2.0
GRID 1665 -2.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1666 -2.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1667 -1.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1668 -1.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1669 -1.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1670 -1.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1671 -0.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1672 -0.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1673 -2.5E-18-2.5 2.0
GRID 1674 -2.5E-182.5 2.0
GRID 1675 0.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1676 0.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1677 1.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1678 1.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1679 1.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1680 1.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1681 2.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1682 2.497764-2.497762.0
GRID 1683 2.5 -2.0 2.0
GRID 1684 2.5 -1.5 2.0
GRID 1685 2.5 -1.0 2.0
GRID 1686 2.5 -0.5 2.0
GRID 1687 2.5 -3.1E-182.0
GRID 1688 2.5 0.5 2.0
GRID 1689 2.5 1.0 2.0
GRID 1690 2.5 1.5 2.0
GRID 1691 2.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1692 2.5 2.0 2.0
GRID 1693 2.4977642.4977642.0
GRID 1694 -2.49776-2.497761.0
GRID 1695 -2.5 -2.0 1.0
GRID 1696 -2.5 -1.5 1.0
GRID 1697 -2.5 -1.0 1.0
GRID 1698 -2.5 -0.5 1.0
GRID 1699 -2.5 -3.5E-181.0
GRID 1700 -2.5 0.5 1.0
GRID 1701 -2.5 1.0 1.0
GRID 1702 -2.5 1.5 1.0
GRID 1703 -2.497762.4977641.0
GRID 1704 -2.5 2.0 1.0
GRID 1705 -2.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1706 -2.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1707 -1.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1708 -1.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1709 -1.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1710 -1.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1711 -0.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1712 -0.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1713 -2.5E-18-2.5 1.0
GRID 1714 -2.5E-182.5 1.0
GRID 1715 0.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1716 0.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1717 1.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1718 1.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1719 1.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1720 1.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1721 2.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1722 2.497764-2.497761.0
GRID 1723 2.5 -2.0 1.0
GRID 1724 2.5 -1.5 1.0
GRID 1725 2.5 -1.0 1.0
GRID 1726 2.5 -0.5 1.0
GRID 1727 2.5 -2.9E-181.0
GRID 1728 2.5 0.5 1.0
GRID 1729 2.5 1.0 1.0
GRID 1730 2.5 1.5 1.0

GRID 1731 2.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1732 2.5 2.0 1.0
GRID 1733 2.4977642.4977641.0
GRID 1734 -0.25 3.33E-165.0
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Group Definitions $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ RBE2 Elements - Multiple dependent nodes
$$
RBE2 1553 1734 123456 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482+
+ 1489 1493 1500 1504 1511 1515 1522 1526+
+ 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537
$
$HMMOVE 6
$ 1553
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4 1101 4 1332 1341 1342 1333
CQUAD4 1102 4 1333 1342 1343 1334
CQUAD4 1103 4 1334 1343 1344 1335
CQUAD4 1104 4 1335 1344 1345 1336
CQUAD4 1105 4 1336 1345 1346 1337
CQUAD4 1106 4 1337 1346 1347 1338
CQUAD4 1107 4 1338 1347 1348 1339
CQUAD4 1108 4 1339 1348 1349 1340
CQUAD4 1109 4 1341 1350 1351 1342
CQUAD4 1110 4 1342 1351 1352 1343
CQUAD4 1111 4 1343 1352 1353 1344
CQUAD4 1112 4 1344 1353 1354 1345
CQUAD4 1113 4 1345 1354 1355 1346
CQUAD4 1114 4 1346 1355 1356 1347
CQUAD4 1115 4 1347 1356 1357 1348
CQUAD4 1116 4 1348 1357 1358 1349
CQUAD4 1117 4 1350 1359 1360 1351
CQUAD4 1118 4 1351 1360 1361 1352
CQUAD4 1119 4 1352 1361 1362 1353
CQUAD4 1120 4 1353 1362 1363 1354
CQUAD4 1121 4 1354 1363 1364 1355
CQUAD4 1122 4 1355 1364 1365 1356
CQUAD4 1123 4 1356 1365 1366 1357
CQUAD4 1124 4 1357 1366 1367 1358
CQUAD4 1125 4 1359 1368 1369 1360
CQUAD4 1126 4 1360 1369 1370 1361
CQUAD4 1127 4 1361 1370 1371 1362
CQUAD4 1128 4 1362 1371 1372 1363
CQUAD4 1129 4 1363 1372 1373 1364
CQUAD4 1130 4 1364 1373 1374 1365
CQUAD4 1131 4 1365 1374 1375 1366
CQUAD4 1132 4 1366 1375 1376 1367
CQUAD4 1133 4 1368 1377 1378 1369
CQUAD4 1134 4 1369 1378 1379 1370
CQUAD4 1135 4 1370 1379 1380 1371
CQUAD4 1136 4 1371 1380 1381 1372
CQUAD4 1137 4 1372 1381 1382 1373
CQUAD4 1138 4 1373 1382 1383 1374
CQUAD4 1139 4 1374 1383 1384 1375
CQUAD4 1140 4 1375 1384 1385 1376
CQUAD4 1141 4 1377 1386 1387 1378
CQUAD4 1142 4 1378 1387 1388 1379
CQUAD4 1143 4 1379 1388 1389 1380
CQUAD4 1144 4 1380 1389 1390 1381
CQUAD4 1145 4 1381 1390 1391 1382
CQUAD4 1146 4 1382 1391 1392 1383

CQUAD4 1147 4 1383 1392 1393 1384
CQUAD4 1148 4 1384 1393 1394 1385
CQUAD4 1149 4 1386 1395 1396 1387
CQUAD4 1150 4 1387 1396 1397 1388
CQUAD4 1151 4 1388 1397 1398 1389
CQUAD4 1152 4 1389 1398 1399 1390
CQUAD4 1153 4 1390 1399 1400 1391
CQUAD4 1154 4 1391 1400 1401 1392
CQUAD4 1155 4 1392 1401 1402 1393
CQUAD4 1156 4 1393 1402 1403 1394
CQUAD4 1157 4 1395 1404 1405 1396
CQUAD4 1158 4 1396 1405 1406 1397
CQUAD4 1159 4 1397 1406 1407 1398
CQUAD4 1160 4 1398 1407 1408 1399
CQUAD4 1161 4 1399 1408 1409 1400
CQUAD4 1162 4 1400 1409 1410 1401
CQUAD4 1163 4 1401 1410 1411 1402
CQUAD4 1164 4 1402 1411 1412 1403
CQUAD4 1165 4 1413 1332 1333 1414
CQUAD4 1166 4 1414 1333 1334 1415
CQUAD4 1167 4 1415 1334 1335 1416
CQUAD4 1168 4 1416 1335 1336 1417
CQUAD4 1169 4 1417 1336 1337 1418
CQUAD4 1170 4 1418 1337 1338 1419
CQUAD4 1171 4 1419 1338 1339 1420
CQUAD4 1172 4 1420 1339 1340 1421
CQUAD4 1173 4 1404 1422 1423 1405
CQUAD4 1174 4 1405 1423 1424 1406
CQUAD4 1175 4 1406 1424 1425 1407
CQUAD4 1176 4 1407 1425 1426 1408
CQUAD4 1177 4 1408 1426 1427 1409
CQUAD4 1178 4 1409 1427 1428 1410
CQUAD4 1179 4 1410 1428 1429 1411
CQUAD4 1180 4 1411 1429 1430 1412
CQUAD4 1181 4 1431 1433 1332 1413
CQUAD4 1182 4 1433 1435 1341 1332
CQUAD4 1183 4 1421 1340 1434 1432
CQUAD4 1184 4 1340 1349 1436 1434
CQUAD4 1185 4 1435 1437 1350 1341
CQUAD4 1186 4 1349 1358 1438 1436
CQUAD4 1187 4 1437 1439 1359 1350
CQUAD4 1188 4 1358 1367 1440 1438
CQUAD4 1189 4 1439 1441 1368 1359
CQUAD4 1190 4 1367 1376 1442 1440
CQUAD4 1191 4 1441 1443 1377 1368
CQUAD4 1192 4 1376 1385 1444 1442
CQUAD4 1193 4 1443 1445 1386 1377
CQUAD4 1194 4 1385 1394 1446 1444
CQUAD4 1195 4 1445 1447 1395 1386
CQUAD4 1196 4 1394 1403 1448 1446
CQUAD4 1197 4 1447 1449 1404 1395
CQUAD4 1198 4 1403 1412 1450 1448
CQUAD4 1199 4 1449 1451 1422 1404
CQUAD4 1200 4 1412 1430 1452 1450
CQUAD4 1201 4 1431 1733 1731 1433
CQUAD4 1202 4 1413 1732 1733 1431
CQUAD4 1203 4 1414 1730 1732 1413
CQUAD4 1204 4 1433 1731 1720 1435
CQUAD4 1205 4 1415 1729 1730 1414
CQUAD4 1206 4 1416 1728 1729 1415
CQUAD4 1207 4 1417 1727 1728 1416
CQUAD4 1208 4 1418 1726 1727 1417
CQUAD4 1209 4 1419 1725 1726 1418
CQUAD4 1210 4 1420 1724 1725 1419
CQUAD4 1211 4 1421 1723 1724 1420
CQUAD4 1212 4 1432 1722 1723 1421
CQUAD4 1213 4 1434 1721 1722 1432
CQUAD4 1214 4 1436 1719 1721 1434
CQUAD4 1215 4 1435 1720 1718 1437

CQUAD4 1216 4 1438 1717 1719 1436
CQUAD4 1217 4 1437 1718 1716 1439
CQUAD4 1218 4 1440 1715 1717 1438
CQUAD4 1219 4 1439 1716 1714 1441
CQUAD4 1220 4 1442 1713 1715 1440
CQUAD4 1221 4 1441 1714 1712 1443
CQUAD4 1222 4 1444 1711 1713 1442
CQUAD4 1223 4 1443 1712 1710 1445
CQUAD4 1224 4 1446 1709 1711 1444
CQUAD4 1225 4 1445 1710 1708 1447
CQUAD4 1226 4 1448 1707 1709 1446
CQUAD4 1227 4 1447 1708 1706 1449
CQUAD4 1228 4 1450 1705 1707 1448
CQUAD4 1229 4 1449 1706 1703 1451
CQUAD4 1230 4 1452 1694 1705 1450
CQUAD4 1231 4 1451 1703 1704 1422
CQUAD4 1232 4 1422 1704 1702 1423
CQUAD4 1233 4 1423 1702 1701 1424
CQUAD4 1234 4 1424 1701 1700 1425
CQUAD4 1235 4 1425 1700 1699 1426
CQUAD4 1236 4 1426 1699 1698 1427
CQUAD4 1237 4 1427 1698 1697 1428
CQUAD4 1238 4 1428 1697 1696 1429
CQUAD4 1239 4 1429 1696 1695 1430
CQUAD4 1240 4 1430 1695 1694 1452
CQUAD4 1241 4 1732 1692 1693 1733
CQUAD4 1242 4 1733 1693 1691 1731
CQUAD4 1243 4 1730 1690 1692 1732
CQUAD4 1244 4 1731 1691 1680 1720
CQUAD4 1245 4 1729 1689 1690 1730
CQUAD4 1246 4 1728 1688 1689 1729
CQUAD4 1247 4 1727 1687 1688 1728
CQUAD4 1248 4 1726 1686 1687 1727
CQUAD4 1249 4 1725 1685 1686 1726
CQUAD4 1250 4 1724 1684 1685 1725
CQUAD4 1251 4 1723 1683 1684 1724
CQUAD4 1252 4 1722 1682 1683 1723
CQUAD4 1253 4 1721 1681 1682 1722
CQUAD4 1254 4 1719 1679 1681 1721
CQUAD4 1255 4 1720 1680 1678 1718
CQUAD4 1256 4 1717 1677 1679 1719
CQUAD4 1257 4 1718 1678 1676 1716
CQUAD4 1258 4 1715 1675 1677 1717
CQUAD4 1259 4 1716 1676 1674 1714
CQUAD4 1260 4 1713 1673 1675 1715
CQUAD4 1261 4 1714 1674 1672 1712
CQUAD4 1262 4 1711 1671 1673 1713
CQUAD4 1263 4 1712 1672 1670 1710
CQUAD4 1264 4 1709 1669 1671 1711
CQUAD4 1265 4 1710 1670 1668 1708
CQUAD4 1266 4 1707 1667 1669 1709
CQUAD4 1267 4 1708 1668 1666 1706
CQUAD4 1268 4 1705 1665 1667 1707
CQUAD4 1269 4 1706 1666 1663 1703
CQUAD4 1270 4 1694 1654 1665 1705
CQUAD4 1271 4 1703 1663 1664 1704
CQUAD4 1272 4 1704 1664 1662 1702
CQUAD4 1273 4 1702 1662 1661 1701
CQUAD4 1274 4 1701 1661 1660 1700
CQUAD4 1275 4 1700 1660 1659 1699
CQUAD4 1276 4 1699 1659 1658 1698
CQUAD4 1277 4 1698 1658 1657 1697
CQUAD4 1278 4 1697 1657 1656 1696
CQUAD4 1279 4 1696 1656 1655 1695
CQUAD4 1280 4 1695 1655 1654 1694
CQUAD4 1281 4 1692 1652 1653 1693
CQUAD4 1282 4 1693 1653 1651 1691
CQUAD4 1283 4 1690 1650 1652 1692
CQUAD4 1284 4 1691 1651 1640 1680

CQUAD4 1285 4 1689 1649 1650 1690
CQUAD4 1286 4 1688 1648 1649 1689
CQUAD4 1287 4 1687 1647 1648 1688
CQUAD4 1288 4 1686 1646 1647 1687
CQUAD4 1289 4 1685 1645 1646 1686
CQUAD4 1290 4 1684 1644 1645 1685
CQUAD4 1291 4 1683 1643 1644 1684
CQUAD4 1292 4 1682 1642 1643 1683
CQUAD4 1293 4 1681 1641 1642 1682
CQUAD4 1294 4 1679 1639 1641 1681
CQUAD4 1295 4 1680 1640 1638 1678
CQUAD4 1296 4 1677 1637 1639 1679
CQUAD4 1297 4 1678 1638 1636 1676
CQUAD4 1298 4 1675 1635 1637 1677
CQUAD4 1299 4 1676 1636 1634 1674
CQUAD4 1300 4 1673 1633 1635 1675
CQUAD4 1301 4 1674 1634 1632 1672
CQUAD4 1302 4 1671 1631 1633 1673
CQUAD4 1303 4 1672 1632 1630 1670
CQUAD4 1304 4 1669 1629 1631 1671
CQUAD4 1305 4 1670 1630 1628 1668
CQUAD4 1306 4 1667 1627 1629 1669
CQUAD4 1307 4 1668 1628 1626 1666
CQUAD4 1308 4 1665 1625 1627 1667
CQUAD4 1309 4 1666 1626 1623 1663
CQUAD4 1310 4 1654 1614 1625 1665
CQUAD4 1311 4 1663 1623 1624 1664
CQUAD4 1312 4 1664 1624 1622 1662
CQUAD4 1313 4 1662 1622 1621 1661
CQUAD4 1314 4 1661 1621 1620 1660
CQUAD4 1315 4 1660 1620 1619 1659
CQUAD4 1316 4 1659 1619 1618 1658
CQUAD4 1317 4 1658 1618 1617 1657
CQUAD4 1318 4 1657 1617 1616 1656
CQUAD4 1319 4 1656 1616 1615 1655
CQUAD4 1320 4 1655 1615 1614 1654
CQUAD4 1321 4 1652 1612 1613 1653
CQUAD4 1322 4 1653 1613 1611 1651
CQUAD4 1323 4 1650 1610 1612 1652
CQUAD4 1324 4 1651 1611 1600 1640
CQUAD4 1325 4 1649 1609 1610 1650
CQUAD4 1326 4 1648 1608 1609 1649
CQUAD4 1327 4 1647 1607 1608 1648
CQUAD4 1328 4 1646 1606 1607 1647
CQUAD4 1329 4 1645 1605 1606 1646
CQUAD4 1330 4 1644 1604 1605 1645
CQUAD4 1331 4 1643 1603 1604 1644
CQUAD4 1332 4 1642 1602 1603 1643
CQUAD4 1333 4 1641 1601 1602 1642
CQUAD4 1334 4 1639 1599 1601 1641
CQUAD4 1335 4 1640 1600 1598 1638
CQUAD4 1336 4 1637 1597 1599 1639
CQUAD4 1337 4 1638 1598 1596 1636
CQUAD4 1338 4 1635 1595 1597 1637
CQUAD4 1339 4 1636 1596 1594 1634
CQUAD4 1340 4 1633 1593 1595 1635
CQUAD4 1341 4 1634 1594 1592 1632
CQUAD4 1342 4 1631 1591 1593 1633
CQUAD4 1343 4 1632 1592 1590 1630
CQUAD4 1344 4 1629 1589 1591 1631
CQUAD4 1345 4 1630 1590 1588 1628
CQUAD4 1346 4 1627 1587 1589 1629
CQUAD4 1347 4 1628 1588 1586 1626
CQUAD4 1348 4 1625 1585 1587 1627
CQUAD4 1349 4 1626 1586 1583 1623
CQUAD4 1350 4 1614 1574 1585 1625
CQUAD4 1351 4 1623 1583 1584 1624
CQUAD4 1352 4 1624 1584 1582 1622
CQUAD4 1353 4 1622 1582 1581 1621

CQUAD4 1354 4 1621 1581 1580 1620
CQUAD4 1355 4 1620 1580 1579 1619
CQUAD4 1356 4 1619 1579 1578 1618
CQUAD4 1357 4 1618 1578 1577 1617
CQUAD4 1358 4 1617 1577 1576 1616
CQUAD4 1359 4 1616 1576 1575 1615
CQUAD4 1360 4 1615 1575 1574 1614
CQUAD4 1361 4 1612 1572 1573 1613
CQUAD4 1362 4 1613 1573 1570 1611
CQUAD4 1363 4 1610 1569 1572 1612
CQUAD4 1364 4 1572 1571 1570 1573
CQUAD4 1365 4 1611 1570 1550 1600
CQUAD4 1366 4 1569 1568 1571 1572
CQUAD4 1367 4 1609 1567 1569 1610
CQUAD4 1368 4 1567 1566 1568 1569
CQUAD4 1369 4 1608 1565 1567 1609
CQUAD4 1370 4 1565 1564 1566 1567
CQUAD4 1371 4 1607 1563 1565 1608
CQUAD4 1372 4 1563 1562 1564 1565
CQUAD4 1373 4 1606 1561 1563 1607
CQUAD4 1374 4 1561 1560 1562 1563
CQUAD4 1375 4 1605 1559 1561 1606
CQUAD4 1376 4 1559 1558 1560 1561
CQUAD4 1377 4 1604 1557 1559 1605
CQUAD4 1378 4 1557 1556 1558 1559
CQUAD4 1379 4 1603 1555 1557 1604
CQUAD4 1380 4 1555 1554 1556 1557
CQUAD4 1381 4 1602 1553 1555 1603
CQUAD4 1382 4 1601 1552 1553 1602
CQUAD4 1383 4 1553 1552 1554 1555
CQUAD4 1384 4 1599 1541 1552 1601
CQUAD4 1385 4 1571 1551 1550 1570
CQUAD4 1386 4 1568 1549 1551 1571
CQUAD4 1387 4 1600 1550 1539 1598
CQUAD4 1388 4 1566 1548 1549 1568
CQUAD4 1389 4 1564 1547 1548 1566
CQUAD4 1390 4 1562 1546 1547 1564
CQUAD4 1391 4 1560 1545 1546 1562
CQUAD4 1392 4 1558 1544 1545 1560
CQUAD4 1393 4 1556 1543 1544 1558
CQUAD4 1394 4 1554 1542 1543 1556
CQUAD4 1395 4 1552 1541 1542 1554
CQUAD4 1396 4 1597 1530 1541 1599
CQUAD4 1397 4 1551 1540 1539 1550
CQUAD4 1398 4 1549 1538 1540 1551
CQUAD4 1399 4 1598 1539 1528 1596
CQUAD4 1400 4 1548 1537 1538 1549
CQUAD4 1401 4 1547 1536 1537 1548
CQUAD4 1402 4 1546 1535 1536 1547
CQUAD4 1403 4 1545 1534 1535 1546
CQUAD4 1404 4 1544 1533 1534 1545
CQUAD4 1405 4 1543 1532 1533 1544
CQUAD4 1406 4 1542 1531 1532 1543
CQUAD4 1407 4 1541 1530 1531 1542
CQUAD4 1408 4 1595 1519 1530 1597
CQUAD4 1409 4 1540 1529 1528 1539
CQUAD4 1410 4 1538 1527 1529 1540
CQUAD4 1411 4 1596 1528 1517 1594
CQUAD4 1412 4 1537 1526 1527 1538
CQUAD4 1417 4 1532 1521 1522 1533
CQUAD4 1418 4 1531 1520 1521 1532
CQUAD4 1419 4 1530 1519 1520 1531
CQUAD4 1420 4 1593 1508 1519 1595
CQUAD4 1421 4 1529 1518 1517 1528
CQUAD4 1422 4 1527 1516 1518 1529
CQUAD4 1423 4 1594 1517 1506 1592
CQUAD4 1424 4 1526 1515 1516 1527
CQUAD4 1429 4 1521 1510 1511 1522
CQUAD4 1430 4 1520 1509 1510 1521

CQUAD4 1431 4 1519 1508 1509 1520
CQUAD4 1432 4 1591 1497 1508 1593
CQUAD4 1433 4 1518 1507 1506 1517
CQUAD4 1434 4 1516 1505 1507 1518
CQUAD4 1435 4 1592 1506 1495 1590
CQUAD4 1436 4 1515 1504 1505 1516
CQUAD4 1441 4 1510 1499 1500 1511
CQUAD4 1442 4 1509 1498 1499 1510
CQUAD4 1443 4 1508 1497 1498 1509
CQUAD4 1444 4 1589 1486 1497 1591
CQUAD4 1445 4 1507 1496 1495 1506
CQUAD4 1446 4 1505 1494 1496 1507
CQUAD4 1447 4 1590 1495 1484 1588
CQUAD4 1448 4 1504 1493 1494 1505
CQUAD4 1453 4 1499 1488 1489 1500
CQUAD4 1454 4 1498 1487 1488 1499
CQUAD4 1455 4 1497 1486 1487 1498
CQUAD4 1456 4 1587 1475 1486 1589
CQUAD4 1457 4 1496 1485 1484 1495
CQUAD4 1458 4 1494 1483 1485 1496
CQUAD4 1459 4 1588 1484 1473 1586
CQUAD4 1460 4 1493 1482 1483 1494
CQUAD4 1465 4 1488 1477 1478 1489
CQUAD4 1466 4 1487 1476 1477 1488
CQUAD4 1467 4 1486 1475 1476 1487
CQUAD4 1468 4 1585 1464 1475 1587
CQUAD4 1469 4 1485 1474 1473 1484
CQUAD4 1470 4 1483 1472 1474 1485
CQUAD4 1471 4 1586 1473 1462 1583
CQUAD4 1472 4 1482 1471 1472 1483
CQUAD4 1473 4 1481 1470 1471 1482
CQUAD4 1474 4 1480 1469 1470 1481
CQUAD4 1475 4 1479 1468 1469 1480
CQUAD4 1476 4 1478 1467 1468 1479
CQUAD4 1477 4 1477 1466 1467 1478
CQUAD4 1478 4 1476 1465 1466 1477
CQUAD4 1479 4 1475 1464 1465 1476
CQUAD4 1480 4 1574 1453 1464 1585
CQUAD4 1481 4 1583 1462 1463 1584
CQUAD4 1482 4 1474 1463 1462 1473
CQUAD4 1483 4 1584 1463 1461 1582
CQUAD4 1484 4 1472 1461 1463 1474
CQUAD4 1485 4 1582 1461 1460 1581
CQUAD4 1486 4 1471 1460 1461 1472
CQUAD4 1487 4 1581 1460 1459 1580
CQUAD4 1488 4 1470 1459 1460 1471
CQUAD4 1489 4 1580 1459 1458 1579
CQUAD4 1490 4 1469 1458 1459 1470
CQUAD4 1491 4 1579 1458 1457 1578
CQUAD4 1492 4 1468 1457 1458 1469
CQUAD4 1493 4 1578 1457 1456 1577
CQUAD4 1494 4 1467 1456 1457 1468
CQUAD4 1495 4 1577 1456 1455 1576
CQUAD4 1496 4 1466 1455 1456 1467
CQUAD4 1497 4 1576 1455 1454 1575
CQUAD4 1498 4 1465 1454 1455 1466
CQUAD4 1499 4 1575 1454 1453 1574
CQUAD4 1500 4 1464 1453 1454 1465
$
$
CHEXA 601 1 100 102 1 82 727 730+
+ 729 728
CHEXA 602 1 82 1 2 83 728 729+
+ 732 731
CHEXA 603 1 83 2 3 84 731 732+
+ 734 733
CHEXA 604 1 84 3 4 85 733 734+
+ 736 735

CHEXA 605 1 85 4 5 86 735 736+
+ 738 737
CHEXA 606 1 86 5 6 87 737 738+
+ 740 739
CHEXA 607 1 87 6 7 88 739 740+
+ 742 741
CHEXA 608 1 88 7 8 89 741 742+
+ 744 743
CHEXA 609 1 89 8 9 90 743 744+
+ 746 745
CHEXA 610 1 90 9 103 101 745 746+
+ 748 747
CHEXA 611 1 102 104 10 1 730 750+
+ 749 729
CHEXA 612 1 1 10 11 2 729 749+
+ 751 732
CHEXA 613 1 2 11 12 3 732 751+
+ 752 734
CHEXA 614 1 3 12 13 4 734 752+
+ 753 736
CHEXA 615 1 4 13 14 5 736 753+
+ 754 738
CHEXA 616 1 5 14 15 6 738 754+
+ 755 740
CHEXA 617 1 6 15 16 7 740 755+
+ 756 742
CHEXA 618 1 7 16 17 8 742 756+
+ 757 744
CHEXA 619 1 8 17 18 9 744 757+
+ 758 746
CHEXA 620 1 9 18 105 103 746 758+
+ 759 748
CHEXA 621 1 104 106 19 10 750 761+
+ 760 749
CHEXA 622 1 10 19 20 11 749 760+
+ 762 751
CHEXA 623 1 11 20 21 12 751 762+
+ 763 752
CHEXA 624 1 12 21 22 13 752 763+
+ 764 753
CHEXA 625 1 13 22 23 14 753 764+
+ 765 754
CHEXA 626 1 14 23 24 15 754 765+
+ 766 755
CHEXA 627 1 15 24 25 16 755 766+
+ 767 756
CHEXA 628 1 16 25 26 17 756 767+
+ 768 757
CHEXA 629 1 17 26 27 18 757 768+
+ 769 758
CHEXA 630 1 18 27 107 105 758 769+
+ 770 759
CHEXA 631 1 106 108 28 19 761 772+
+ 771 760
CHEXA 632 1 19 28 29 20 760 771+
+ 773 762
CHEXA 633 1 20 29 30 21 762 773+
+ 774 763
CHEXA 634 1 21 30 31 22 763 774+
+ 775 764
CHEXA 635 1 22 31 32 23 764 775+
+ 776 765
CHEXA 636 1 23 32 33 24 765 776+
+ 777 766
CHEXA 637 1 24 33 34 25 766 777+
+ 778 767
CHEXA 638 1 25 34 35 26 767 778+
+ 779 768
CHEXA 639 1 26 35 36 27 768 779+

+ 780 769
CHEXA 640 1 27 36 109 107 769 780+
+ 781 770
CHEXA 641 1 108 110 37 28 772 783+
+ 782 771
CHEXA 642 1 28 37 38 29 771 782+
+ 784 773
CHEXA 643 1 29 38 39 30 773 784+
+ 785 774
CHEXA 644 1 30 39 40 31 774 785+
+ 786 775
CHEXA 645 1 31 40 41 32 775 786+
+ 787 776
CHEXA 646 1 32 41 42 33 776 787+
+ 788 777
CHEXA 647 1 33 42 43 34 777 788+
+ 789 778
CHEXA 648 1 34 43 44 35 778 789+
+ 790 779
CHEXA 649 1 35 44 45 36 779 790+
+ 791 780
CHEXA 650 1 36 45 111 109 780 791+
+ 792 781
CHEXA 651 1 110 112 46 37 783 794+
+ 793 782
CHEXA 652 1 37 46 47 38 782 793+
+ 795 784
CHEXA 653 1 38 47 48 39 784 795+
+ 796 785
CHEXA 654 1 39 48 49 40 785 796+
+ 797 786
CHEXA 655 1 40 49 50 41 786 797+
+ 798 787
CHEXA 656 1 41 50 51 42 787 798+
+ 799 788
CHEXA 657 1 42 51 52 43 788 799+
+ 800 789
CHEXA 658 1 43 52 53 44 789 800+
+ 801 790
CHEXA 659 1 44 53 54 45 790 801+
+ 802 791
CHEXA 660 1 45 54 113 111 791 802+
+ 803 792
CHEXA 661 1 112 114 55 46 794 805+
+ 804 793
CHEXA 662 1 46 55 56 47 793 804+
+ 806 795
CHEXA 663 1 47 56 57 48 795 806+
+ 807 796
CHEXA 664 1 48 57 58 49 796 807+
+ 808 797
CHEXA 665 1 49 58 59 50 797 808+
+ 809 798
CHEXA 666 1 50 59 60 51 798 809+
+ 810 799
CHEXA 667 1 51 60 61 52 799 810+
+ 811 800
CHEXA 668 1 52 61 62 53 800 811+
+ 812 801
CHEXA 669 1 53 62 63 54 801 812+
+ 813 802
CHEXA 670 1 54 63 115 113 802 813+
+ 814 803
CHEXA 671 1 114 116 64 55 805 816+
+ 815 804
CHEXA 672 1 55 64 65 56 804 815+
+ 817 806
CHEXA 673 1 56 65 66 57 806 817+
+ 818 807

CHEXA 674 1 57 66 67 58 807 818+
+ 819 808
CHEXA 675 1 58 67 68 59 808 819+
+ 820 809
CHEXA 676 1 59 68 69 60 809 820+
+ 821 810
CHEXA 677 1 60 69 70 61 810 821+
+ 822 811
CHEXA 678 1 61 70 71 62 811 822+
+ 823 812
CHEXA 679 1 62 71 72 63 812 823+
+ 824 813
CHEXA 680 1 63 72 117 115 813 824+
+ 825 814
CHEXA 681 1 116 118 73 64 816 827+
+ 826 815
CHEXA 682 1 64 73 74 65 815 826+
+ 828 817
CHEXA 683 1 65 74 75 66 817 828+
+ 829 818
CHEXA 684 1 66 75 76 67 818 829+
+ 830 819
CHEXA 685 1 67 76 77 68 819 830+
+ 831 820
CHEXA 686 1 68 77 78 69 820 831+
+ 832 821
CHEXA 687 1 69 78 79 70 821 832+
+ 833 822
CHEXA 688 1 70 79 80 71 822 833+
+ 834 823
CHEXA 689 1 71 80 81 72 823 834+
+ 835 824
CHEXA 690 1 72 81 119 117 824 835+
+ 836 825
CHEXA 691 1 118 120 91 73 827 838+
+ 837 826
CHEXA 692 1 73 91 92 74 826 837+
+ 839 828
CHEXA 693 1 74 92 93 75 828 839+
+ 840 829
CHEXA 694 1 75 93 94 76 829 840+
+ 841 830
CHEXA 695 1 76 94 95 77 830 841+
+ 842 831
CHEXA 696 1 77 95 96 78 831 842+
+ 843 832
CHEXA 697 1 78 96 97 79 832 843+
+ 844 833
CHEXA 698 1 79 97 98 80 833 844+
+ 845 834
CHEXA 699 1 80 98 99 81 834 845+
+ 846 835
CHEXA 700 1 81 99 121 119 835 846+
+ 847 836
CHEXA 701 1 727 730 729 728 848 851+
+ 850 849
CHEXA 702 1 728 729 732 731 849 850+
+ 853 852
CHEXA 703 1 731 732 734 733 852 853+
+ 855 854
CHEXA 704 1 733 734 736 735 854 855+
+ 857 856
CHEXA 705 1 735 736 738 737 856 857+
+ 859 858
CHEXA 706 1 737 738 740 739 858 859+
+ 861 860
CHEXA 707 1 739 740 742 741 860 861+
+ 863 862
CHEXA 708 1 741 742 744 743 862 863+

+ 865 864
CHEXA 709 1 743 744 746 745 864 865+
+ 867 866
CHEXA 710 1 745 746 748 747 866 867+
+ 869 868
CHEXA 711 1 730 750 749 729 851 871+
+ 870 850
CHEXA 712 1 729 749 751 732 850 870+
+ 872 853
CHEXA 713 1 732 751 752 734 853 872+
+ 873 855
CHEXA 714 1 734 752 753 736 855 873+
+ 874 857
CHEXA 715 1 736 753 754 738 857 874+
+ 875 859
CHEXA 716 1 738 754 755 740 859 875+
+ 876 861
CHEXA 717 1 740 755 756 742 861 876+
+ 877 863
CHEXA 718 1 742 756 757 744 863 877+
+ 878 865
CHEXA 719 1 744 757 758 746 865 878+
+ 879 867
CHEXA 720 1 746 758 759 748 867 879+
+ 880 869
CHEXA 721 1 750 761 760 749 871 882+
+ 881 870
CHEXA 722 1 749 760 762 751 870 881+
+ 883 872
CHEXA 723 1 751 762 763 752 872 883+
+ 884 873
CHEXA 724 1 752 763 764 753 873 884+
+ 885 874
CHEXA 725 1 753 764 765 754 874 885+
+ 886 875
CHEXA 726 1 754 765 766 755 875 886+
+ 887 876
CHEXA 727 1 755 766 767 756 876 887+
+ 888 877
CHEXA 728 1 756 767 768 757 877 888+
+ 889 878
CHEXA 729 1 757 768 769 758 878 889+
+ 890 879
CHEXA 730 1 758 769 770 759 879 890+
+ 891 880
CHEXA 731 1 761 772 771 760 882 893+
+ 892 881
CHEXA 732 1 760 771 773 762 881 892+
+ 894 883
CHEXA 733 1 762 773 774 763 883 894+
+ 895 884
CHEXA 734 1 763 774 775 764 884 895+
+ 896 885
CHEXA 735 1 764 775 776 765 885 896+
+ 897 886
CHEXA 736 1 765 776 777 766 886 897+
+ 898 887
CHEXA 737 1 766 777 778 767 887 898+
+ 899 888
CHEXA 738 1 767 778 779 768 888 899+
+ 900 889
CHEXA 739 1 768 779 780 769 889 900+
+ 901 890
CHEXA 740 1 769 780 781 770 890 901+
+ 902 891
CHEXA 741 1 772 783 782 771 893 904+
+ 903 892
CHEXA 742 1 771 782 784 773 892 903+
+ 905 894

CHEXA 743 1 773 784 785 774 894 905+
+ 906 895
CHEXA 744 1 774 785 786 775 895 906+
+ 907 896
CHEXA 745 1 775 786 787 776 896 907+
+ 908 897
CHEXA 746 1 776 787 788 777 897 908+
+ 909 898
CHEXA 747 1 777 788 789 778 898 909+
+ 910 899
CHEXA 748 1 778 789 790 779 899 910+
+ 911 900
CHEXA 749 1 779 790 791 780 900 911+
+ 912 901
CHEXA 750 1 780 791 792 781 901 912+
+ 913 902
CHEXA 751 1 783 794 793 782 904 915+
+ 914 903
CHEXA 752 1 782 793 795 784 903 914+
+ 916 905
CHEXA 753 1 784 795 796 785 905 916+
+ 917 906
CHEXA 754 1 785 796 797 786 906 917+
+ 918 907
CHEXA 755 1 786 797 798 787 907 918+
+ 919 908
CHEXA 756 1 787 798 799 788 908 919+
+ 920 909
CHEXA 757 1 788 799 800 789 909 920+
+ 921 910
CHEXA 758 1 789 800 801 790 910 921+
+ 922 911
CHEXA 759 1 790 801 802 791 911 922+
+ 923 912
CHEXA 760 1 791 802 803 792 912 923+
+ 924 913
CHEXA 761 1 794 805 804 793 915 926+
+ 925 914
CHEXA 762 1 793 804 806 795 914 925+
+ 927 916
CHEXA 763 1 795 806 807 796 916 927+
+ 928 917
CHEXA 764 1 796 807 808 797 917 928+
+ 929 918
CHEXA 765 1 797 808 809 798 918 929+
+ 930 919
CHEXA 766 1 798 809 810 799 919 930+
+ 931 920
CHEXA 767 1 799 810 811 800 920 931+
+ 932 921
CHEXA 768 1 800 811 812 801 921 932+
+ 933 922
CHEXA 769 1 801 812 813 802 922 933+
+ 934 923
CHEXA 770 1 802 813 814 803 923 934+
+ 935 924
CHEXA 771 1 805 816 815 804 926 937+
+ 936 925
CHEXA 772 1 804 815 817 806 925 936+
+ 938 927
CHEXA 773 1 806 817 818 807 927 938+
+ 939 928
CHEXA 774 1 807 818 819 808 928 939+
+ 940 929
CHEXA 775 1 808 819 820 809 929 940+
+ 941 930
CHEXA 776 1 809 820 821 810 930 941+
+ 942 931
CHEXA 777 1 810 821 822 811 931 942+

+ 943 932
CHEXA 778 1 811 822 823 812 932 943+
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+ 1314 1303
CHEXA 1085 1 1182 1193 1194 1183 1303 1314+
+ 1315 1304
CHEXA 1086 1 1183 1194 1195 1184 1304 1315+
+ 1316 1305
CHEXA 1087 1 1184 1195 1196 1185 1305 1316+
+ 1317 1306
CHEXA 1088 1 1185 1196 1197 1186 1306 1317+

+ 1318 1307
CHEXA 1089 1 1186 1197 1198 1187 1307 1318+
+ 1319 1308
CHEXA 1090 1 1187 1198 1199 1188 1308 1319+
+ 1320 1309
CHEXA 1091 1 1190 1201 1200 1189 1311 1322+
+ 1321 1310
CHEXA 1092 1 1189 1200 1202 1191 1310 1321+
+ 1323 1312
CHEXA 1093 1 1191 1202 1203 1192 1312 1323+
+ 1324 1313
CHEXA 1094 1 1192 1203 1204 1193 1313 1324+
+ 1325 1314
CHEXA 1095 1 1193 1204 1205 1194 1314 1325+
+ 1326 1315
CHEXA 1096 1 1194 1205 1206 1195 1315 1326+
+ 1327 1316
CHEXA 1097 1 1195 1206 1207 1196 1316 1327+
+ 1328 1317
CHEXA 1098 1 1196 1207 1208 1197 1317 1328+
+ 1329 1318
CHEXA 1099 1 1197 1208 1209 1198 1318 1329+
+ 1330 1319
CHEXA 1100 1 1198 1209 1210 1199 1319 1330+
+ 1331 1320
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh name information for generic property collectors $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Property Definition for 1-D Elements $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP 6"auto1"
$HWCOLOR COMP 6 3
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Property Definition for Surface and Volume Elements $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$
$HMNAME COMP 4"shells"
$HWCOLOR COMP 4 7
PSHELL 4 20.2 2 2
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$
$HMNAME COMP 1"solids"
$HWCOLOR COMP 1 26
PSOLID 1 1 PFLUID
PSOLID 2 2
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Material Definition Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$

$HMNAME MAT 2"MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 2 18
MAT1 2200000.0 0.3 0.9e-5
$$
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT 1"MAT10_1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 1 3
MAT10 11.0 0.01
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh name information for generic materials $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Loads and Boundary Conditions $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$HyperMesh name and color information for generic loadcollectors
$$
$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 6"spcd"
$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ FREQ1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 5"freq"
FREQ1 50.1 10.0 5
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ RLOAD2 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 2"rload2"
RLOAD2 2 6 1 0 ACCE
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 3"darea"
RLOAD2 3 3 1 0 LOAD
$$
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 1"tab"
+ 0.0 0.0 1000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
+ 0.0 0.0 1000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
+ 0.0 5.0 1000.0 5.0ENDT

$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 11"DLOAD11"
DLOAD 111.0 1.0 2 1.0 3
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC 4 1431 1234560.0
SPC 4 1432 1234560.0
SPC 4 1451 1234560.0
SPC 4 1452 1234560.0
SPC 4 1734 3 0.0
$$
$$ SPCD Data
$$
SPCD 6 1734 3 3.0
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA 3 1734 3-10.0
ENDDATA
ALTDOCTAG "HqTD_ARNMI\S\pMpN13G;5oANN]l[enE7fmSbTJro20LOpNriZFOQfUk]
_`5hfS5ATf6pT7RXMjA3e@k_r^K?GP;?OeEbD0"
ADI0.1.0 2011-05-13T19:57:45 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
Comments
2. Grid points G1 through G4 must be given in consecutive order about one quadrilateral
face. G5 through G8 must be on the opposite face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2,
and so on.
3. The edge points, G9 to G20 are optional. All or none of them may exist. The corner grid
points cannot be deleted. The edge points should be in the middle third of the edges.
4. The second continuation is optional.
5. The face consisting of grid points G1 through G4 and G9 through G12 is assumed to be in
contact with the structure.
6. The mass is lumped to the face formed by grid points G5 through G8 and G17 through G20
and defined to be in contact with the fluid. The opposite face has no mass contribution
due to the absorber element. Also, the face in contact with the fluid has only

translational stiffness in the direction normal to the face.
7. This card is represented as a CHACAB8 or CHACAB20 element in HyperMesh.

CHBDYE
Bulk Data Entry
CHBDYE – Thermal Surface Element (Element Form)
Description
Defines a surface element for application of thermal boundary condition.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C HBDYE EID EID2 SIDE
Field Contents
EID Unique surface element identification number. See comments.
EID2 A heat conduction element identification number. See comments.
SIDE Element side identification number.
No default (1 < Integer < 6)
Comments
1. EID is unique with respect to other surface element IDs.
2. EID2 identifies the heat conduction element associated with this surface element.
1D 2D 3D
CBAR CQUAD4 CHEXA
CBEAM CQUAD8 CPENTA
CONROD CTRIA3 CPYRA
CROD CTIRA6 CTETRA
C onduction elements for heat transfer analysis
3. All conduction elements that are to have a boundary condition applied must be individually
identified with the application of a surface element entry CHBDYE.

4. Side conventions for 3D elements:
Sides are numbered consecutively according to the order of the grid point numbers on the
3D element entry. The sides of 3D elements are either quadrilaterals or triangles. For
each element type, the side numbers are shown here:
Side convention for C HEXA element (1st or 2nd order)
Side convention for C PENTA element (1st or 2nd order)

Side convention for C PYRA element (1st or 2nd order)
Side convention for C TETRA element (1st or 2nd order)
5. Side conventions for 2D elements.
2D elements have one side of type AREA (this is Side 1) and 3 or 4 sides of type LINE.
AREA type: Side 1 is that given by the right hand rule on the shell’s gird points.
LINE type: The second side (first line) is from grid point 1 to grid point 2, and the
remaining lines are numbered consecutively. The thickness of the line is that of the shell,
and the normal to the line is outward from the shell in the plane of the shell. Note that
midside nodes are ignored in the specification.
6. Side conventions for 1D elements.
1D elements have one linear side (Side 1) with geometry that is the same as that of the
element and two POINT type sides, corresponding to the two points bounding the linear
element (first grid point side 2; second grid point side 3).

POINT type: Point sides may be used with any linear element. The direction of the
outward normals of these points is in line with the element axis, but pointing away from
the element. The area assigned to these POINT type sides is consistent with the element
geometry.
Boundary conditions (QBDY1) are applied to CHBDYE through reference of the EID.
7. This card is represented as slave3 and slave4 element in HyperMesh.

CHEXA
Bulk Data Entry
CHEXA – Six-sided Solid Element with Eight or Twenty Grid Points
Description
Defines the connections of the HEXA solid element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C HEXA EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14
G15 G16 G17 G18 G19 G20
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C HEXA 71 4 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSOLID property entry.
G# Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Comments
2. Grid points G1,…,G4 must be given in consecutive order about one quadrilateral face.
G5,…,G8 must be on the opposite face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2, and so on.
The edge points, G9 through G20, are optional. If any of the edge points are present,
they all must be used. The second continuation must not be present for the 8-noded
version of this element.
It is recommended that the edge points be placed near the middle of the edge.
C HEXA definition
G3 and G5 with G7. For 20-noded CHEXA, appropriate changes to mid-side node
numbering are also performed. In such cases, the element coordinate system will be built
on the renumbered node sequence.
4. Stresses are output in the material coordinate system. The material coordinate system is
defined on the referenced PSOLID entry. It may be defined as the basic coordinate
system (CORDM = 0), a defined system (CORDM = Integer > 0), or the element coordinate
system (CORDM = -1).
5. The element coordinate system for the CHEXA element is defined as follows:
Three intermediate vectors R, S, and T are chosen by the following rules:
R Joins the centroids of the faces described by the grid points G4, G1, G5, G8
and the grid points G3, G2, G6, G7.
S Joins the centroids of the faces described by the grid points G1, G2, G6, G5
and the grid points G4, G3, G7, G8
T Joins the centroids of the faces described by the grid points G1, G2, G3, G4
and the grid pints G5, G6, G7, G8.

C HEXA element coordinate systems
The origin of the element coordinate system is at the intersection of these three vectors.
If the vectors do not all intersect at one point, then the average location of the
intersection points is used.
The element z-axis corresponds to the T vector.
The element y-axis is the cross product of the T and R vectors.
The element x-axis is the cross product of the element y-axis and the element z-axis.
6. This card is represented as a hexa8 or hex20 element in HyperMesh.

CMASS1
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS1 – Scalar Mass Connection
Description
Defines a scalar mass element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS1 EID PID G1 C1 G2 C2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS1 45 4 653 2
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of a PMASS entry.
C1, C2 Component number in the displacement coordinate system specified by the

CD entry of the GRID data.

Comments

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point with a displacement that is
constrained to zero.
to use the CMASS3 entry.
4. The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must not be coincident. Except in
unusual circumstances, one of them will be a grounded terminal with blank entries for Gi
and Ci.
7. Scalar mass elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

CMASS2
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS2 – Scalar Mass Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar mass element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS2 EID M G1 C1 G2 C2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS2 2 1.1 56 3
Field Contents
M Value of the scalar mass.
No default (Real)
G1, G2 Geometric grid or identification number.


Comments

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point with a displacement that is
constrained to zero.
to use the CMASS4 entry.
are required.
5. The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must be distinct. Except in unusual
circumstances, one of them will be a grounded terminal with blank entries for Gi and Ci.

CMASS3
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS3 – Scalar Mass Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar mass element that is connected only to scalar points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS3 EID PID S1 S2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS3 13 42 62
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of a PMASS entry.
Comments

3. Only one scalar mass element may be defined on a single entry.

CMASS4
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS4 – Scalar Mass Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar mass element that is connected only to scalar points, without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS4 EID M S1 S2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MASS4 23 14.92 23
Field Contents
M Scalar mass value.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero, indicating a constrained coordinate. This is
the usual case.

3. Only one scalar mass element may be defined on a single entry.
are required.

CMBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBEAM – Beam Element for MBD
Description
Defines a beam element for multi-body dynamics solution sequence without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBEAM EID MID GA GB X1, G0 Y1 Z1 L
A I1 I2 J K1 K2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBEAM 1 2 123 125 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.0
100.0 833.3 833.3 1485.3
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
MID Material identification number. See comment 5.
(Integer > 0)
GA, GB Grid point identification number of connection points.

Field Contents
X1, Y1, Z1 Components of vector v at end A, measured at end A, parallel to the

components of the displacement coordinate system for GA, to
determine (with the vector from end A to end B) the orientation of the
element coordinate system for the BEAM element.
(Real)
G0 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, and X3

(Integer > 0). Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
(Integer > 0)
L Undeformed length along the X-axis of the beam.
(Real)
A Area of the beam cross-section.
I1 Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis.
J Torsional constant.
(Real > 0.0)
K1, K2 Area factor for shear.
Comments
2. The X-axis of the beam is always along the line connecting G1 and G2. The Z-axis of the
beam is determined based on the X-axis and the Y-axis provided by G3/X1, Y1, and Z1.

3. The moments of inertia are defined as follows:
The beam coordinates must be aligned with the principal axes of the cross-section.
4. The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively. If
a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1
and K2 are interpreted as infinite).
5. Only MAT1 material definitions may be referenced by this element.

CMBEAMM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBEAMM – Beam Element for MBD based on Markers
Description
Defines a beam element for multi-body dynamic solution sequence without reference to a
property entry based on markers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBEAMM EID MID M1 M2 L
A I1 I2 J K1 K2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBEAMM 1 2 123 125 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.0
100.0 833.3 833.3 1485.3
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
MID Material identification number.
(Integer > 0)
M1 Marker identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
L Undeformed length along the X-axis of the beam.
(Real)
(Real)
(Real > 0.0)
Comments
2. The X-axis of the markers M1 and M2 should always be along the axis of the beam.
The beam coordinates must be aligned with the principal axes of the cross-section.
4. The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively. If
a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1
and K2 are interpreted as infinite).
5. This card is represented as a bar element in HyperMesh.

CMBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSH – Bushing Element for MBD
Description
Defines a bushing element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSH EID G1 G2 X1, G3 Y1 Z1
"K" K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
"B" B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
"P" P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSH 4 1 2 1.0 0.0 0.0
K 100 100 100 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.1
P 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
G1 Grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
G3 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, Y1, and Z1 in

conjunction with G1.
(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1, Z1 Orientation vector of the bushing.
(Real)
K Stiffness specifier.
K1, K2, K3 Translational stiffness.
K4, K5, K6 Rotational stiffness.
B Damping specifier.
B1, B2, B3 Translational damping.
B4, B5, B6 Rotational damping.
P Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3 Translational preload.
P4, P5, P6 Rotational preload.
Comments

CMBUSHC
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHC – Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Curve
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHC EID G1 G2 X1, G3 Y1 Z1
"K" K1C ID K2C ID K3C ID K4C ID K5C ID K6C ID
"B" B1C ID B2C ID B3C ID B4C ID B5C ID B6C ID
"P" P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
”KE” K1EID K2EID K3EID K4EID K5EID K6EID
“BE” B1EID B2EID B3EID B4EID B5EID B6EID
KINT BINT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHC 4 1 2 1.0 0.0 0.0
K 100 100 100 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 1 1 1
P 0 0 0 0 0 0

AKIMA AKIMA
Field Contents
EID Element identification number
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1, Orientation vector of the bushing.

Z1
(Real)
K1CID, Translational stiffness curve ID.

K2CID,
K3CID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)
K4CID, Rotational stiffness curve ID.

K5CID,
K6CID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)
B1CID, Translational damping curve ID.

B2CID,
B3CID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)
B4CID, Rotational damping curve ID.

B5CID,

Field Contents
B6CID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)
K1EID, Translational stiffness independent variable expression ID.

K2EID,
K3EID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies deflection as the independent
variable
K4EID, Rotational stiffness independent variable expression ID.

K5EID,
K6EID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies deflection as the independent
variable
B1EID, Translational damping independent variable expression ID.

B2EID,
B3EID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies velocity as the independent
variable
B4EID, Rotational damping independent variable expression ID.

B5EID,
B6EID Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies velocity as the independent
variable
KINT Stiffness interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = AKIMA
BINT Damping interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = AKIMA
Comments

CMBUSHE
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHE – Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Expression Defined in MBVAR
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHE EID G1 G2 X1, G3 Y1 Z1
"K" K1EID K2EID K3EID K4EID K5EID K6EID
"B" B1EID B2EID B3EID B4EID B5EID B6EID
"P" P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHE 4 1 2 1.0 0.0 0.0
K 100 100 100 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 1 1 1
P 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)
(Real)
K1EID, K2EID, Translational stiffness MBVAR ID.

K3EID
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)
K4EID, K5EID, Rotational stiffness MBVAR ID.

K6EID
B1EID, B2EID, Translational damping MBVAR ID.

B3EID
B4EID, B5EID, Rotational damping MBVAR ID.

B6EID

Comments

CMBUSHM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHM – Bushing Element for MBD based on Markers
Description
Defines a bushing element without reference to a property entry based on markers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHM EID M1 M2
"K" K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
"B" B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
"P" P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHM 1 12 13
K 100 100 100 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.1
P 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
K1, K2, K3 Translational stiffness.
(Real)
K4, K5, K6 Rotational stiffness.
(Real)
B1, B2, B3 Translational damping.
(Real)
B4, B5, B6 Rotational damping.
(Real)
(Real)
(Real)
Comments

CMBUSHT
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHT – Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Table
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHT EID G1 G2 X1, G3 Y1 Z1
"K" K1TID K2TID K3TID K4TID K5TID K6TID
"B" B1TID B2TID B3TID B4TID B5TID B6TID
"P" P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MBUSHT 4 1 2 1.0 0.0 0.0
K 100 100 100 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 1 1 1
P 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)
(Real)
K1TID, K2TID, Translational stiffness TABLEDi ID.

K3TID
K4TID, K5TID, Rotational stiffness TABLEDi ID.

K6TID
B1TID, B2TID, Translational damping TABLEDi ID.

B3TID
B4TID, B5TID, Rotational damping TABLEDi ID.

B6TID

Comments

CMSMETH
Bulk Data Entry
CMSMETH – Component Mode Synthesis Method Definition
Description
CMSMETH defines the CMS method, frequency upper limit, number of modes, and starting
SPOINT ID to be used in a component mode synthesis solution. The eigenvalue solver is also
specified. In addition, preload as well as loads for reduction and residual vector generation
can be defined. Also, an ASCII file containing CELAS4 and CDAMP3 element data and/or their
corresponding design variable definitions can be generated for DMIG to allow the use of the
component modes in optimization runs.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSMETH C MSID METHOD UB_FRE NMODES SPID SOLVER AMPFFA SHFSC L

Q CT
UB_FRE NMODES SPID_F GPRC

Q_F _F
Optional continuation lines for preload definition
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRELOAD SPC ID PLSID
Optional continuation lines for LOAD SET definition
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LOADSET USETYPE LSID1 LSID2 LSID3
Optional continuation lines for DMIGDV definition
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DMIGDV S/F OUTOPT NMODE DVKUPFAC DVGEUP DVBUP

Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSMETH 5 C BN 1000 200 100000
600 100 200000
Field Contents
CMSID CMSMETH identification number.
(Integer > 0)
METHOD Component mode synthesis method to be employed. See comment 2.
No default (Character = CB, CC, CBN, GM, or GUYAN)
UB_FREQ Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis for the structural part.
If 0.0 or blank, no upper bound is used. See comments 3 and 4.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0, or blank)
NMODES Number of modes to be extracted from structural eigenvalue analysis. If

set to -1 or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 3 and 4.
Default = blank (Integer > -1, or blank)
SPID The starting SPOINT ID to be used in DMIG matrix output for the
structural eigenmodes.
No default. See comment 6.
SOLVER The eigenvalue solver. Either blank or LAN for Lanzos. AMSES for
AMSES.
Default = LAN (Character = LAN or AMSES, or blank)
AMPFFACT AMSES Amplification Factor. The substructure modes are solved up to

the frequency of AMPFFACT*V2. Higher values of AMPFFACT will lead to
more accurate results and longer running times. See comment 9.
Default = 5.0 (Real or blank)
SHFSCL For vibration analysis, it is the estimate of the frequency of the first
flexible mode. See comment 12.

Field Contents
UB_FREQ_F Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis for the fluid part. If
0.0 or blank, no upper bound is used. See comments 3 and 4.
NMODES_F Number of modes to be extracted from fluid eigenvalue analysis. If set to

-1 or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 3 and 4.
SPID_F The starting SPOINT ID to be used in DMIG matrix output for the fluid
eigenmodes.
No default. See comment 6.
GPRC Grid participation recovery control.
Allows fluid-structure interface grid shape data (that is the modes

associated with the fluid-structure interface) to be calculated and stored
with the external superelement.
Only applicable when GM (general modal formulation) is input in the

METHOD field and when all boundary degrees of freedom are free
(BNDFREE).
If any boundary degrees of freedom are fixed and GPRC is set to YES, the
program will be terminated with an error.
Default = NO (YES, NO)
PRELOAD PRELOAD flag indicates that a preload will be used in the CMS analysis
SPCID SPC SET ID for the preload
PLSID LOAD SET ID for defining the preload.
LOADSET LOADSET flag indicates that static load sets will be used in CMS analysis.
USETYPE RESVEC/REDLOAD/BOTH defines the use type for the load sets
RESVEC – the load set is used for generating residual vectors to improve
the modal space
REDLOAD – the load set is used for generating reduced loads
BOTH – both RESVEC and REDLOAD options are selected
Default = BOTH (see comment 11)

Field Contents
LSIDi The load set IDs for generating residual vectors and/or reduced loads.
S/F S – Selects the structural part of the model.
Default = S
DMIGDV DMIGDV flag indicates that an ASCII file containing CELAS4 and CDAMP3
element data and/or their corresponding design variable definitions is
generated for DMIG (see comment 13).
OUTOPT OUTOPT defines how design variable definitions are written for DMIG.
(see comments 13 to 17) If OUTOPT is:
1 – Only CELAS4 and CDAMP3 element data and PDAMP properties (if
any) are written. Design variable definitions are not written.
2 – All data from Option-1 and design variable definitions are written
(Default, see comment 14).
3 – All data from Option-2 and constraint (f1<f2) creation data are
written (see comment 15).
If OUTOPT field is blank then Option-2 is the default.
NMODE NMODE defines the number of design variables for ∆K/∆GE and ∆B in
CELAS4 and CDAMP3 (see comment 18).
If NMODE > 0 then “NMODE” number of design variables will be written to

control the first “NMODE” eigenvalue changes (∆K), damping coefficient
changes (∆GE) and scalar damping value changes (∆B).
If NMODE is not specified (the NMODE field is blank) then as many design
variables as the total number of modes are written.
DVKUPFAC DVKUPFAC is used to determine the upper bound of ∆K (which is

(maximum eigenvalue)*DVKUPFAC). If DVKUPFAC is not specified
(DVKUPFAC field is blank) then it is set to 0.1 by default (See comment
16).
Default: DVKUPFAC=0.1
DVGEUP Upper bound of ∆GE. This applies to all the design variables for ∆GE. If
DVGEUP is not specified (DVGEUP field is blank) then it is set to 2*DVBUP
by default (See comment 16).
Default: DVGEUP=2*DVBUP
DVBUP Upper bound of ∆B. This applies to all the design variables for ∆B. If
DVBUP is not specified (DVBUP field is blank) then it is set to 0.4 by

Field Contents
default (See comment 16).
Default: DVBUP=0.4
Comments
1. This definition will be ignored unless referenced in the I/O Options section by a CMSMETH
run control.
2. Several methods are available for Component Mode Synthesis, these are: CB, CC, CBN,
GM and GUYAN (see descriptions below).
The first two methods (CB and CC) are used for generating flexible bodies for use with
multi-body dynamics analysis software, such as Altair’s MotionSolve.
The remaining methods (CBN, GM and GUYAN) are used primarily to generate external
superelements (stored in DMIG format) for use in subsequent finite element analyses.
Flexible body methods:
CB – Craig-Bampton formulation
CC – Craig-Chang formulation
External superelement methods:
CBN – Craig-Bampton Nodal formulation
GM – General Modal formulation
GUYAN – GUYAN reduction:
GUYAN is the same as CBN without including structural eigenmodes; when GUYAN is used,
UB_FREQ & NMODES are ignored.
3. UB_FREQ, NMODES, UB_FREQ_F and NMODES_F cannot all be blank. Additionally, when
structural elements are present in the model, UB_FREQ and NMODES cannot both be
blank, and when fluid elements are present in the model, UB_FREQ_F and NMODES_F
cannot both be blank.
4. When UB_FREQ = 0.0 and NMODES = 0, this is a special case where no structural
eigenmodes will be included in CMS mode generation. If both UB_FREQ and NMODES are
specified, lowest NMODES below UB_FREQ will be accepted as structural SPOINTs.
Similarly things are applied to fluid part.
5. If PARAM, EXTOUT, DMIGPCH (or DMGBIN) is defined when using the CB method, then a
DMIG matrix corresponding to the reduced stiffness and mass matrices will be output.
The stiffness and mass corresponding to the eigenmodes will be assigned to the
generated SPOINTs.
6. The SPOINT IDs of the structure and fluid should have distinct IDs. Any fluid SPOINT ID
cannot be in between structural SPOINT IDs.
7. When PARAM,EXTOUT is used to output DMIG matrices, then it is possible to disable the

output of a flexh3d file by specifying “OUTPUT,H3D,NONE” in the input file.
8. The nodal flexh3d file output from the CBN method can be used as the DMIG input (using
ASSIGN,H3DDMIG). In this way, the model set output in flexh3d file will be recovered as
the interior points of the DMIG matrix in the residual structure run. The displacements of
these interior points will be included in the output.
9. AMPFFACT is used to increase the accuracy of the eigenvalue and eigenvectors at the
expense of slightly longer run times. It is recommended to use higher values of
AMPFFACT for solid structures like engine blocks and suspension components. If
AMPFFACT is not specified by you and the model contains a large number of solid
elements, then the value of AMPFFACT is automatically reset to 10.
10. The mass properties of the super element (Mass, Center of Gravity, and Moments of
Inertia) are written to the H3D file. In the residual run, these mass properties are
included in the mass properties of the structure printed in the .out file.
11. The USETYPE field should always be set to BOTH or blank for flexible body generation
(METHOD=CB or CC, see comment 2).
12. A specification of SHFSCL may improve the performance of a vibration analysis.
13. If you define the DMIGDV optional continuation card, a text file (ASCII)
filename_dmig_dv.inc is created after the run. You can include this file in the original
input deck to study how changes in the eigenvalues/damping of superelements affect the
performance of the residual structure.
14. In addition to the data included in option 1, the ASCII file now also contains design
variable definitions. These design variables can control available eigenvalues, structural
damping, and viscous damping of the superelement. You can set up an optimization
problem by including this file in the original input deck.
15. In addition to the data included in option 2, the ASCII file now includes data required for
the creation of constraints. These constraints ensure that the eigenvalue of the nth
mode is less than the eigenvalue of the (n+1)th mode during optimization.
16. The lower bound of ∆K, ∆B and ∆GE is set such that K, B and GE are always greater than
or equal to zero.
17. The DMIGDV continuation line works only for METHOD = GM (General Modal formulation) in
field 3 of CMSMETH (See comment 2).
18. Where, ∆K, ∆GE and ∆B represent increments/decrements to the eigenvalues (K), damping
coefficients (GE) and scalar damping values (B) respectively. You are required to include
the .h3d file containing the values of K, GE and B using ASSIGN, H3DDMIG.
19. For further information on creating flex bodies for third party software, refer to Coupling
OptiStruct with Third Party Software in the User’s Guide.
20. This card is represented as a loadcollector in HyperMesh.

CMSPDP
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDP – Multi-body Spring Damper Element
Description
Defines a spring damper element without reference to a property entry for multi-body solution
sequence.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDP EID K G1 G2 B L PF TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDP 3 34.5 223 324 0.0 1.0 TRANS
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
K Stiffness value.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
B Damping value.
L Unstretched length/angle of spring damper. See comment 4.
Default = 0 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
PF Preload force.
Default = 0 (Real or blank)
TYPE Type
(TRANS or ROT; if blank, default: TRANS)
Comments
2. The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the grids G1 and G2.
3. The positive preload force is a stretching force.
4. If the unstretched length/angle of spring damper field (L) is blank:
(a) For a translational spring, OptiStruct calculates the length between the two grid
points (G1, G2) of the spring damper for the value of L.
(b) For a rotational spring, L is set to 0.0.

CMSPDPC
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPC – Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Curve
Description
sequence.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPC EID KC ID G1 G2 BC ID L PF TYPE
KINT KEID BINT BEID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPC 3 34 223 324 0 1.0 TRANS
AKIMA 1
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
KCID Stiffness curve ID.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
B Damping Curve ID.
L Unstretched length of spring damper.
PF Preload force.
TYPE Type.
KINT Stiffness Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = AKIMA
KEID MBVAR ID for independent variable ID for stiffness.
Default = Deflection (Integer > 0 or blank)
BINT Damping Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = AKIMA
BEID MBVAR ID for independent variable ID for damping.
Default = Velocity (Integer > 0 or blank)
Comments
2. The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the grids, G1 and G2.

CMSPDPE
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPE – Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Expression defined in MBVAR
Description
sequence.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPE EID KEID G1 G2 BEID L PF TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPE 3 3 223 324 4 1.0 TRANS
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
KEID MBVAR ID for stiffness expression.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
BEID MBVAR ID for Damping expression.
PF Preload force.
TYPE Type.
Comments

CMSPDPM
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPM – Multi-body Spring Damper Element based on Marker
Description
sequence based on marker.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPM EID K M1 M2 B L PF TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPM 3 34.5 223 324 0.0 1.0 TRANS
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
K Stiffness value.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
B Damping value.
PF Preload force.
TYPE Type.
Comments
2. The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the marker M1 and M2.

CMSPDPT
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPT – Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Table
Description
sequence.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPT EID KTID G1 G2 BTID L PF TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C MSPDPT 3 3 223 324 4 1.0 TRANS
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
KTID TABLEDi ID for stiffness.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
BTID TABLEDi ID for Damping.
PF Preload force.
TYPE Type.
Comments

CONM1
Bulk Data Entry
CONM1 – Concentrated Mass Element Connection, General Form
Description
Defines a 6x6 mass matrix at a geometric grid point.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONM1 EID G C ID M11 M21 M22 M31 M32
M33 M41 M42 M43 M44 M51 M52 M53
M54 M55 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONM1 2 22 2 2.9 6.3
4.8 28.6
28.6 28.6
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G Grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
CID Coordinate system identification number for the mass matrix.
(Integer > 0)
Mij Mass matrix values.
(Real)
Comments
1. This card is represented as a mass element in HyperMesh.

CONM2
Bulk Data Entry
CONM2 – Concentrated Mass Element Connection, Rigid Body Form
Description
Defines a concentrated mass at a grid point of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONM2 EID G C ID M X1 X2 X3
I11 I21 I22 I31 I32 I33
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONM2 2 15 49.7
16.2 16.2 7.8
Field Contents
CID Coordinate system identification number.
Default = 0 (Integer > -1)

Field Contents
M Mass value.
No default (Real)
X1, X2, X3 Offset distance from the grid point to the center of gravity of the mass
in the coordinate system defined by CID, unless CID = -1, in which case
X1, X2, and X3 are the coordinates (not offsets) of the center of gravity
of the mass in the basic coordinate system.
Iij Mass moments of inertia measured at the mass c.g.
If CID is zero, then Iij is defined in the basic coordinate system.
If CID > 1, then Iij refers to the local coordinate system.
If CID is -1, then Iij refers to the basic coordinate system.
Comments
2. If the continuation is omitted, all rotary inertia is assigned zero values.
3. The form of the inertia matrix about its c.g. is taken as:
where M =

and X1, X2, and X3 are components of distance from the c.g. The negative signs for the
off-diagonal terms are supplied by the program.
4. If CID = -1, then the offsets are computed internally as the difference between the grid
point location and X1, X2, and X3. The grid points may be defined in a local coordinate
system, in which case the values of must be in a coordinate system that parallels the
basic coordinate system.
5. If CID > 0, then X1, X2, and X3 are defined by a local Cartesian system, even if CID
references a spherical or cylindrical coordinate system.
6. This card is represented as a mass element in HyperMesh.

CONNECT
Bulk Data Entry
CONNECT – Connects two parts
Description
The CONNECT bulk data entry can be used to define equivalence for all degrees of freedom of
grid points of two different parts within a specified tolerance. The tolerance is defined as the
maximum distance between two grid points within which equivalence is allowed. Two formats
can be used to either select all grid points or a few grid points for equivalence.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONNEC T name_a name_b tol
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONNEC T C yl_Head Gaskt 0.01
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONNEC T name_a name_b tol
GRID GID1 GID2 GID3 ... GIDn
Alternate Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONNEC T C yl_Head Gaskt 0.01

GRID 1201 1212 192 115
Field Contents
name_a Name of a part selected for equivalencing. Part “name_a” is the reference
part. All grid points in part “name_a” are considered during the search; if
OptiStruct finds grid points in part “name_b” within the specified maximum
distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are equivalent.
(Character String)
name_b Name of a part selected for equivalencing. All grid points in part “name_a” are
considered during the search; if OptiStruct finds grid points in part “name_b”
within the specified maximum distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are
equivalent.
(Character String)
tol Specifies the numeric value defining the maximum distance between two grid
points to allow equivalence. All grid points in part “name_a” are considered
during the search; if OptiStruct finds grid points in part “name_b” within the
specified maximum distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are equivalent.
(Real > 0.0)
GRID GRID flag indicating that a list of grid point ID’s is to follow. These grid point
locations are used to define locations to search for matching nodes.
GID# Identification numbers of grid points that define locations at which a search
for matching nodes is conducted. GID# do not need to belong to either part
“name_a” or part “name_b”.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Parts can be connected in two different ways, using the CONNECT entry or by using rigid
elements. The RELOC and INSTNCE entries can be used to position the part appropriately
within the full model and the CONNECT entry or rigid elements can be used to connect the
requisite number of grid points of one part to the other.
2. In an alternate form, grid point ID’s can be specified anywhere in the model, it is not
mandatory for a grid point ID to belong to a part. Equivalencing takes place between any
matching grids in both parts if they coincide with the location of any grid in the list.
3. Searches defined by this entry are performed after all parts are located at their final
positions.

CONROD
Bulk Data Entry
CONROD – Rod Element Property and Connection
Description
Defines a rod element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONROD EID G1 G2 MID A J C NSM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONROD 2 16 17 4 269
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G1,G2 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
(Integer > 0)
A Area of the rod.
(Real)

Field Contents
(Real)
C Coefficient for torsional stress determination.
(Real)
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit length.
(Real)
Comments
1. For structural problems, MID may reference only a MAT1 material entry. For heat transfer
problems, MID may reference only a MAT4 material entry.
C ONROD Element Forces and Moments
2. This card is represented as a rod element in HyperMesh.

CONTACT
Bulk Data Entry
CONTACT – Contact Interface Definition
Description
Defines a contact interface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTAC C TID PID/ SSID MSID MORIENT SRC HDI ADJUST C LEARANC E
T TYPE/ S
MU1
DISC RET
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTAC T 5 SLIDE 7 8
N25
Field Contents
CTID Contact interface identification number.
(Integer > 0)
PID Property identification number of a PCONT, PCONTX entry.
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Choose type of contact without pointing to contact property –

respective default property settings will be used. Default settings can be
changed using CONTPRM.
SLIDE – Sliding contact.

Field Contents
STICK – Contact with stick condition (stick applies to closed contacts

only).
FREEZE – Enforced zero relative displacements on the contact interface

(applies to both closed and open contacts). See comments 5 and 15.
Default = SLIDE (SLIDE, STICK, FREEZE)
MU1 Coefficient of static friction (µs). See comment 6.
(0.0 < Real < 1.0)
SSID Identification number of slave entity. See comments 2 and 14.
(Integer > 0)
MSID Identification number of master entity. See comments 3 and 15.
(Integer > 0)
MORIENT Orientation of contact “pushout” force from master surface. This only
applies to masters that consist of shell elements or patches of grids.
Masters defined on solid elements always push outwards irrespective of
this flag.
OPENGAP – The contact interface is assumed open.
OVERLAP – Slave and master bodies overlap.
NORM – Contact force is oriented along the vector normal to the master
surface.
REVNORM – Contact force is oriented opposite to the default vector

normal to the master surface.
Default = OPENGAP (OPENGAP, OVERLAP, NORM or REVNORM). See

comments 7, 8, and 17.
SRCHDIS Search distance criterion for creating contact condition. When specified,
only slave nodes that are within SRCHDIS distance from master surface
will have contact condition checked.
Default = twice the average edge length on the master surface. For
FREEZE contact, half the average edge length. (Real > 0 or blank)
ADJUST Adjustment of slave nodes onto the master surface at the start of a
simulation.
<NO, AUTO, Real > 0.0, or Integer > 0>

Field Contents
Default = NO.
NO – no adjustment.
AUTO – A real value equal to 5% of the average edge length on the
master surface is internally assigned as the depth criterion (see comment
10).
Real > 0.0 – value of the depth criterion which defines the zone in
which a search is conducted for slave nodes (for which contact elements
have been created). These slave nodes (with created contact elements)
are then adjusted onto the master surface. The assigned depth criterion
is used to define the searching zone in the pushout direction (see
comment 10).
Integer > 0 – identification number of a SET entry with TYPE = “GRID”.
Only the nodes on the slave entity which also belong to this SET will be
selected for adjustment.
Note: See comment 10 for more information.
CLEARANCE Prescribed initial gap opening between master and slave, irrespective of
the actual distance between the nodes (see comment 11).
DISCRET Discretization approach type for the construction of contact elements.

<N2S, S2S>
Default = N2S.
N2S – node-to-surface discretization
S2S – surface-to-surface discretization
Comments for nonlinear quasi-static analysis
1. If the node-to-surface (DISCRET=N2S) discretization approach is selected, the CONTACT

interface is constructed by searching, for each slave node, a respective facet of the
master surface, which contains the normal projection of the slave and is within SRCHDIS
distance from the slave node. If no master segment with normal projection is found, then
the nearest segment is picked if the direction from slave to master is within a certain
angle (30 degrees) relative to the normal to the master segment. Having found a feasible
master segment for the slave node, a contact element is created of a similar structure as
the CGAPG element (Figure 1).

Figure 1: C reation of a contact element
If the surface-to-surface (DISCRET=S2S) discretization approach is selected, the

CONTACT interface is constructed by searching, for each facet of the slave surface,
respective facets of the master surface which contain the normal projection of sample
points on the slave facet and is within SRCHDIS distance from the sample points. For a
slave node, a contact element is created with the surrounding slave facets and the
master facets found by projection of the sample points on the slave facets (Figure 2).
Figure 2: C reation of a contact element (surface-to-surface discretization)
2. The slave entity (SSID) always consists of grid nodes. It may be specified as:
a set of grid nodes defined using SET(GRID,..) command.

a surface defined using SURF command (the slave nodes are picked from the
respective nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. Slave nodes
are picked from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only
nodes on the surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
DISCRET = N2S is recommended if the slave entity is a set of grids (nodes) or a set of
solid elements.
3. The master entity (MSID) may be defined as:
a surface defined using SURF command.

a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. For sets of
3D solids, element faces on the surface are automatically found and selected as
master surface.
4. Prescribing TYPE=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition - such
contact interfaces will not enter the sliding phase. Of course, the enforced stick only
applies to contacts that are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce the stick
condition, frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 8 on PCONT).
5. Prescribing TYPE=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface – the
contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is forced
to be zero. Also, rotations at the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master
patch. The FREEZE condition applies to all respective contact elements, no matter
whether open or closed.
6. Prescribing MU1 directly on the CONTACT card allows for simplified specification of
frictional contacts. Note that this implies MU2=MU1, unless MU2 is specified explicitly on
the CONTPRM card. Also note that the value of MU1 prescribed on the CONTACT card
must be less than 1.0 – to specify higher values of static coefficient of friction, PCONT
card must be used.
If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
CONTACT or PCONT entry is used for FRIC in the /INTER entries for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis. Otherwise, FRIC on PCONTX/PCNTX# overwrites the MU1 value on CONTACT/
PCONT.
7. MORIENT defines the master pushout direction, which is the direction of contact force
that master surface exerts on slave nodes.
It is important to note that, in most practical applications, leaving this field blank will
provide correct resolution of contact, irrespective of the orientation of surface normals.
Only in cases of master surfaces defined as shells or patches of grids, and combined with
initial pre-penetration, is MORIENT needed.
By default, MORIENT is ignored for solid elements – it applies only to master surfaces that
consist of shell elements or patches of grids. (Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of the surface normals, or whether the
contact gap is initially open or closed. See comment 7 for additional options).
a) In default behavior (OPENGAP), the pushout direction is defined using the assumption
that the gap between slave and master is initially open, and the contact condition
should prevent their contact (gap “padding” GPAD from the PCONT card is ignored in
defining the pushout direction – this direction is based strictly on the positions of
master and slave nodes).
The following example shows a typical use of OPENGAP:
Figure 3: Example for the use of OPENGAP

b) OVERLAP assumes the reverse, namely that the slave and master bodies are already
overlapping and the contact condition should push them apart (this is useful in case of
pre-penetrating models when the entire slave set is pre-penetrating into the master
object).
The following example shows a typical use of OVERLAP:
Figure 4: Example for the use of OVERLAP
c) With the NORM option, the pushout force is oriented along the normal vector to the
master surface. (Note that the surface normal may be reversed relative to the default
normal to a shell element if a FLIP flag is present on the master SURF definition. This
behavior corresponds to that of the reverse normals checkbox on the contactsurfs
panel in HyperMesh). In cases when the slave node does not have a direct normal
projection onto the master surface, and the "shortest distance" projection is used
(GAPGPRJ set to SHORT on the GAPPRM card), the pushout force is oriented along the
shortest distance line, yet with the orientation aligned with the normal vector.
The following example shows a typical use of NORM:
Figure 5: Example for the use of NORM
d) REVNORM creates pushout force reversed relative to the NORM option.
8. By default, MORIENT does not apply to masters that are defined on solid elements – such
masters always push outwards. This can be changed by choosing
CONTPRM,CORIENT,ONALL which extends the meaning of MORIENT to all contact
surfaces. In which case, it should be noted that the default normal is pointing inwards
unless a FLIP flag appears on the master SURF definition for surfaces on solid elements,
making the surface normal point outwards. (When creating contact surfaces in
HyperMesh, this behavior corresponds to that of the reverse normals checkbox on the
contactsurfs panel).
9. Presently one CONTACT element is created for each slave node. This assures reasonably
efficient numerical computations without creating an excessive number of contact
elements. However, this may require special handling in some cases, such as when a
master surface wraps around the slave set. In such cases, switching the role of slave
and master may be recommended. Alternatively, multiple CONTACT interfaces can be

created in order to cover all possible directions of relative motion (a simplified illustration
is shown in the figure below). Additionally, individual GAP(G) elements can be used to
handle such special situations.
Figure 6: Special case - Master surface wraps around a slave node set
10. The adjustment of slave nodes doesn’t create any strain in the model. If DISCRET=N2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial model geometry. If DISCRET=S2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial contact opening/penetration.
If a node on the slave entity lies outside the projection zone of the master surface, it will
always be skipped during adjustment since no contact element has been constructed for
it.
Contact interface padding will be accounted for during the nodal adjustment. If the
MORIENT field is “OPENGAP” or “OVERLAP” while the GPAD field in the referred PCONT
entry is “NONE” or zero, the nodal adjustment will be skipped, since for “OPENGAP” or
“OVERLAP” there is no way to decide the master pushout direction if slave nodes are
adjusted to be exactly on the master face.
If different contact interfaces involve the same nodes, nodal adjustment definitions are
processed sequentially in the order of identification numbers of the contact interfaces.
Care must be taken to avoid conflicts between the nodal adjustments; otherwise, contact
element errors or lack of compliance may occur.
a) The ADJUST field must be set to “NO” for self-contact.

b) If a real value (the searching depth criterion for adjustment) is input for the ADJUST
field, a searching zone for adjustment is defined. The slave nodes in this searching zone,
for which contact elements have been created, will be adjusted. If ADJUST is larger
than or equal to SRCHDIS, all the slave nodes for which contact elements have been
created, will be adjusted.

Figure 7: An illustration depicting how ADJUST works.
Depth Criterion
The depth criterion (A non-negative real value for ADJUST) is used to define the searching
zone for adjustment, as shown in Figure 7. This searching zone is created in the pushout
direction up to a distance equal to the value of the ADJUST field. The slave nodes within
the searching zone (with defined contact elements) are then considered for adjustment
based on the rules specified within this comment (Comment 10).
c) If the ADJUST field is set to an integer value (the identification number of a grid SET
entry), the nodes shared by the slave entity and the grid SET will be checked for
contact creation, that is, SRCHDIS will be ignored for these nodes, and then adjusted if
a projection is found. The nodes belonging to the grid SET but not to the slave entity
will be simply ignored.
11. Using CLEARANCE overrides the default contact behavior of calculating initial gap opening
from the actual distance between Slave and Master. CLEARANCE is now equal to the
distance that Slave and Master have to move towards each other in order to close the
contact. Negative value of CLEARANCE indicates that the bodies have initial pre-
penetration.
Warning: If CLEARANCE is used, it is important to correctly restrict the contact zones

and pick search distance SRCHDIS so that only desired Slave-Master pairs are
involved. Using CLEARANCE, all contact elements created on a given
interface, even those where Slaves are geometrically distant from the

respective Master surface, will be considered to be at given initial gap and
participate in resolving the contact condition.
Note:
1. CLEARANCE cannot be used in conjunction with PID of PCONT entry. In such a case,
clearance must be specified on the PCONT entry.
2. The CLEARANCE field value on the CONTACT entry will be ignored for
ANALYSIS=NLGEOM subcases
Comments for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcases)
12. CONTACT models an interface between a master surface and a set of slave grid points. A
grid point can be at the same time as a slave and a master node. Each slave grid point
can impact each master segment; except if it is connected to the impacted master
segment. A grid point can impact on more than one segment. A grid point can impact on
the two sides, on the edges, and on the corners of each segment. The contact uses a
fast search algorithm without limitations.
The main limitations of this interface follow: a) the time step in an explicit analysis is
reduced in case of high impact speed or contacts with small gap; b) the contact may not
work properly if used with a rigid body at high impact speed or rigid body with small gap;
c) the contact does not solve edge to edge contact.
13. Additional control can be applied to the CONTACT definition in geometric nonlinear
subcases through CONTPRM and PCONTX. These definitions are ignored in all other
subcases. A geometric nonlinear subcase is one that has an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry
in the subcase definition.
a set of grid nodes defined using SET(GRID,..) command.

a surface defined using SURF command (the slave nodes are picked from the
respective nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. Slave nodes
are picked from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only
nodes on the surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
a surface defined using SURF command.

a set of elements (shells or solids), TYPE = FREEZE is implemented as a TIE kinematic
condition for large deformation subcases.
16. For implicit analysis, modified settings that improve the contact convergence are
recommended. See CONTPRM and PCONTX.
17. This card defined using SET(ELEM,..) command.

Comment for Contact-based Thermal Analysis
18. Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact
status changes thermal conductivity. Refer to Contact-based Thermal Analysis in the
User’s Guide for more information.
19. This card is represented as a group in HyperMesh.

CONTPRM
Bulk Data Entry
CONTPRM – Default Contact Properties
Description
Defines the default properties of all contacts and sets parameters that affect all contacts.
The default values set here can be overridden by values explicitly specified on PCONT,
PCONTX, and CONTACT cards.
Note: These defaults do not apply to properties of individual

gap elements that are specified on PGAP cards.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTPRM PARAM1 VALUE1 PARAM2 VALUE2 PARAM3 VALUE3 PARAM4 VALUE4
PARAM5 VALUE5
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTPR GPAD 0.5 STIFF AUTO MU1 0.3

M
Field Contents
PARAMi Name of parameter.
VALi Value of parameter.

Parameters for nonlinear quasi-static analysis
Name Values
GPAD “Padding” of master or slave objects to account for additional layers, such
as shell thickness, and so on. This value is subtracted from contact gap
opening as calculated from location of nodes. See comment 1.
Default = THICK (Real or NONE or THICK)
STIFF Relative stiffness of gap. See comment 2.
Default = AUTO (AUTO, SOFT, HARD or Real > 0.0)
MU1 Coefficient of static friction ( s). See comments 3 and 4.
Default = 0.0 (Real > 0.0 or STICK or FREEZE)
MU2 Coefficient of kinetic friction ( k ).
Default = MU1 (0.0 < Real < MU1)
CONTGAP Create a bulk data file that contains internally created node-to-surface
contact elements represented as CGAPG elements. The file name is:
filename_root.contgap.fem. See comment 6.
Default = NO (YES or NO)
CORIENT Indicates whether the master orientation field MORIENT on the CONTACT
card applies to all surfaces or if it excludes solid elements.
Default = ONSHELL (ONSHELL or ONALL)
ONSHELL – MORIENT applies only to contact masters that consist of shell

elements or patches of grids. Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of initially open or pre-
penetrating contact.
ONALL – MORIENT applies to all contact masters including, in particular,

solid elements.
SFPRPEN Indicates whether initial pre-penetrations are recognized and resolved in

self-contact areas. (This only affects self-contact areas, wherein Master
and Slave belong to the same set or surface).
Default = YES (YES or NO)
YES – Initial self-penetrations are recognized and resolved in self-contact

areas. There is some danger of finding false self-penetrations across
solids thinner than SRCHDIS (See comment 7).
NO – There are no pre-penetrations to be resolved in self-contact areas,

except maybe minimal intrusions due to meshing, and so on. Any self-
penetrations larger than minimum element size will be ignored in those
areas (See comment 7).
FRICESL Frictional elastic slip – distance of sliding up to which the frictional

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in physical
distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See comment 8.
• Non-zero value or blank activates respective friction model based

on Elastic Slip Distance.
• Zero value activates friction model based on fixed transverse
stiffness KT.
Default = AUTO (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
Parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM / IMPDYN /

EXPDYN in subcase)
Name Values
STFAC Interface stiffness scale factor.
Default = 1.0 in implicit analysis
Default = 0.1 in explicit analysis
(Real > 0)
FRIC Coulomb friction.
GAP Gap for impact activation (See comments 10 and 11).
(Real > 0)
IDEL Flag for node and segment deletion.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0, …, 2)
0 - No deletion.
1 - When all of the elements (shells, solids) associated to one segment are
deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the interface.
Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of the
interface.
2 - When a shell or a solid element is deleted, the corresponding segment
is removed from the master side of the interface. Additionally, non-
connected nodes are removed from the slave side of the interface.

INACTI Flag for handling of initial penetrations (See comment 13).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, …, 5)
0 - No action.
1 - Deactivation of stiffness on nodes.
2 - Deactivation of stiffness on elements.
3 - Change slave node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.
4 - Change master node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.
5 - Gap is variable with time but initial gap is slightly de-penetrated as
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 – 0.05*(gap - P0)
Valid in explicit analysis: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5.
Valid in implicit analysis: 0, 3 and 4.
Invalid entries are ignored.
CORIENT Indicates whether the master orientation field MORIENT on the CONTACT
card applies to all surfaces, or if it excludes solid elements.
Default = ONSHELL (ONSHELL or ONALL)
ONSHELL – MORIENT applies only to contact masters that consist of shell

elements or patches of grids. Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of initially open or pre-
penetrating contact.
ONALL – MORIENT applies to all contact masters including, in particular,

solid elements.
IFRIC Friction formulation flag (See comment 15).
Default = COUL (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, REN)
COUL - Static Coulomb friction law.

GEN - Generalized viscous friction law.
DARM - Darmstad friction law.
REN - Renard friction law.
In implicit computation, only IFRIC = COUL is implemented.
IFILT Friction filtering flag (See comment 14).
Default = NO (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, CUTF)
NO - No filter is used.
SIMP - Simple numerical filter.
PER - Standard -3dB filter with filtering period.
CUTF - Standard -3dB filter with cutting frequency.
FFAC

(0.0 < Real < 1.0)
IFORM Type of friction penalty formulation (See comments 16 and 17).
Default = VISC (Character = VISC, STIFF)
VISC - Viscous (total) formulation.

STIFF - Stiffness (incremental) formulation.
C1, C2, C3, Friction law coefficients.

C4, C5, C6
(Real > 0)
IGNORE Flag to ignore slave nodes if no master segment is found for TIE contact
(See comment 18).
Default = 1 (Integer = 0, 1, 2)
0 - No deletion of slave nodes;

1 - Slave nodes with no master segment found are deleted from the
interface;
interface; if SRCHDIS is blank, then it would be newly calculated internally.
MTET10 Flag for second order CTETRA as contact master surface.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0, 1)
0 - TETRA 10 is degenerated on the surface (middle nodes are removed

from contact);
1 - Four triangular segments are used on each tetra face.
The following entries are relevant for explicit analysis only.
ISYM Flag for symmetric contact.
Default = SYM (Character = SYM, UNSYM)
SYM – Symmetric contact.
UNSYM – Master-slave contact.
If SSID defines a grid set, the contact is always a master-slave contact.
IEDGE Flag for edge generation from slave and master surfaces.
Default = NO (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
NO – No edge generation.
ALL – All segment edges are included.
BORD – External border of slave and master surface is used.

FEAT – External border as well as features defined by FANG are used.
FANG Feature angle for edge generation in degrees (Only with IEDGE = FEAT).
IGAP Flag for gap definition.
Default = CONST (Character = CONST, VAR)
CONST - Gap is constant and equal to GAP (See comments 11 and 12).
VAR - Gap is variable (in space, not in time) according to the

characteristics of the impacting surfaces and nodes (See comment 11).
ISTF Flag for stiffness definition (See comment 9).
0 - The stiffness is computed according to the master side characteristics.
1 - STIF1 is used as interface stiffness.
2, 3, 4 and 5 - The interface stiffness is computed from both master and

slave characteristics.
STIF1 Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1).
STMIN Minimum interface stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).
(Real > 0)
STMAX Maximum interface stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).
Default = 1030 (Real > 0)
IBC Flag for deactivation of boundary conditions at impact.
(Character = X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, XYZ)
VISS Critical damping coefficient on interface stiffness.
VISF Critical damping coefficient on interface friction.
BMULT Sorting factor.

Comments for quasi-static analysis
1. The initial gap opening is calculated automatically based on the relative location of slave
and master nodes (in the original, undeformed mesh). To account for additional material
layers covering master or slave objects (such as half of shell thickness), the GPAD entry
can be used. GPAD option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides
of the contact interface (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or
composite offset Z0).
2. Option STIFF=AUTO determines the value of normal stiffness for each contact element
using the stiffness of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create
respectively softer or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence
difficulties and HARD can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
3. Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition - such

applies to contacts that are closed.
4. Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative displacements on the contact surface –

the contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is
zero. The FREEZE condition applies to all slave nodes, no matter whether their initial gap
is open or closed.
6. The file filename_root.contgap.fem, produced using the CONTGAP parameter, can be

imported into HyperMesh in order to visualize internally created node-to-surface contact
elements (now converted to GAPG entities). Note that during optimization, this file shows
node-to-surface contact elements for the latest optimization iteration. In order to
correctly visualize this configuration in HyperMesh for shape optimization problems, the
FEA mesh shape needs to be updated by applying "Shape change" results.
Furthermore, if GAPPRM,HMGAPST,YES is activated together with

CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES, then the gap status command file,
filename_root.HM.gapstat.cmf, will also include the open/closed status of these
additional GAPG’s that represent node-to-surface contact elements. For correct
visualization of their status in HyperMesh, file filename_root.contgap.fem needs to be
imported before running the gap status command file.
7. The CONTACT capability in NLSTAT solution is designed to correctly resolve initial pre-
penetration, such as happens in press fit, and so on. This usually works reliably with
correct identification of Master and Slave surfaces. However, in some cases users create
contact surfaces by property for convenience, which results in contact surfaces
enveloping the entire solid bodies. Also, sometimes the Slave and Master receive the
same ID, which is known as self-contact (and is not a recommended practice, in spite of
the convenience factor). In such cases, it is possible to encounter false self-
penetrations, as illustrated below:

In the case above, the Slave node will be identified as if pre-penetrating the Master face,
while in reality it is on the other side of the same solid body. The result from nonlinear
CONTACT solution will be such that this portion of the body will be “squeezed” to have
practically zero thickness, with very high stresses obviously resulting.
Apart from correctly identifying potential Slave and Master sets, a possible remedy to
avoid such situations is to make sure that SRCHDIS is smaller than minimum thickness of
the solid bodies which are enveloped by self-contacting surfaces.
An alternative, viable when there are no actual pre-penetrations in the problem, is to

choose SFPRPEN = NO, which will ignore initial pre-penetrations on self-contacting
surfaces (some minor pre-penetrations due to variations of nodal positions will still be
correctly resolved – up to the minimum element size on the respective contact surfaces).
Note that SFPRPEN affects only surfaces that actually have self-penetration, as in a case
where the Slave Node and Master Face belong to the same contact set or surface. On
properly defined, disjoint Slave and Master surfaces, the initial pre-penetrations will be
resolved irrespective of this parameter.
8. Effective in Release 12.0, two models of friction are available in nonlinear analysis:
(a) Model based on fixed slope KT (previously existing),

(b) Model based on Elastic Slip Distance FRICESL (introduced in v12.0 and current default).
This latter model typically shows better performance in solution of frictional problems
thanks to more stable handling of transitions from stick to slip. Key differences between
the two available models are illustrated in the figure below (F 1 and F 2 represent two
different values of normal force F x ):

C omparison of the two available friction models for contact elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simple, yet has certain drawback in
modeling nonlinear friction. Namely, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends
upon normal force. Using fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for
different normal forces, and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip,
depending on normal force.
Model (b), based on Elastic Slip Distance, provides unique identification of stick or slip
and generally performs better in solution of problems with friction. This model does
require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL – for contact interfaces this value is
determined automatically as 0.5% of typical element size on all Master contact
surfaces.
The model (b), which is currently the default, is recommended for solution of nonlinear
problems with friction. For backwards compatibility, the model based on fixed KT can be
activated by prescribing FRICESL=0 on PCONT or CONTPRM card.
Comments for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM / IMPDYN / EXPDYN

in subcase)
9.
and/or the slave segment stiffness Ks.
The master stiffness is computed from Km = STFAC * B * S * S/V for solids, Km = 0.5 *
STFAC * E * t for shells as well as when the master segment is shared by a shell and
solid.
The slave stiffness is an equivalent nodal stiffness computed as Ks = STFAC * B * V-3 for
solids, Ks = 0.5 * STFAC * E * t for shells.
In these equations, B is the Bulk Modulus, S is the segment area, E is the modulus of
elasticity, t is shell thickness, and V is the volume of a solid. There is no limitation to the
value of stiffness factor (but a value larger than 1.0 can reduce the initial time step).
ISTF = 0, the interface stiffness K = Km
ISTF > 1, the interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)

ISTF = 3, K1 = max (Km, Ks)
ISTF = 4, K1 = min (Km, Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
10. In an implicit analysis, the contact stiffness plays a very important role in convergence.
ISTF = 4 (which takes the minimum of master and slave stiffness’s for contact) is
recommended. This is because the penalty contact force will be balanced with the
internal force of the deformable impacted part. That means the stiffness near the
effective stiffness one will converge easier than a higher one.
For small initial gaps in implicit analysis, the convergence will be more stable if a GAP is
defined that is larger than the initial gap.
In implicit analysis, sometimes a stiffness with scaling factor reduction (for example:
STFAC = 0.01) or reduction in impacted thickness (if rigid one) might reduce unbalanced
forces and improve convergence, particularly in shell structures under bending where the
effective stiffness is much lower than membrane stiffness; but it should be noted that too
low of a value could also lead to divergence.
11. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of
t, average thickness of the master shell elements;

l/10, l – average side length of the master solid elements;
lmin/2, lmin – smallest side length of all master segments (shell or solid).
12. The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as gs + gm
with:
gm - master element gap with

gm = t/2, t: thickness of the master element for shell elements.
gm = 0 for solid elements.
gs - slave node gap:
gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid or
spring elements.
gs = t/2, t - largest thickness of the shell elements connected to the slave node.
and beam elements, with S being the cross-section of the element.
If the slave node is connected to multiple shells and/or beams or trusses, the largest
computed slave gap is used.
The variable gap is always at least equal to GAPMIN.
13. INACTI = 3, 4 are only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:
the coordinate change is irreversible.

it may create other initial penetrations if several surface layers are defined in the
interfaces.

it may create initial energy if the node belongs to a spring element.
INACTI = 5 works as follows:
14.
the tangential friction forces are smoothed using a filter:
F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T -1
where,
F T - Tangential force
F'T - Tangential force at time t
F'T - 1 - Tangential force at time t-1
α - filtering coefficient
IFILT = SIMP – α = FFAC
IFILT = PER – α = 2π dt/FFAC, where dt/T = FFAC, T is the filtering period
IFILT = CUTF – α = 2π * FFAC * dt, where FFAC is the cutting frequency
15. IFRIC defines the friction model.
IFRIC = COUL – Coulomb friction with F T < * F N with = FRIC
For IFRIC is not COUL, the friction coefficient is set by a function ( = (p, V)), where p is
the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the tangential velocity
of the slave node.
The following formulations are available:
IFRIC = GEN - Generalized viscous friction law
= Fric + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * V + C4 * p2 + C5 * V2
IFRIC = DARM - Darmstad law
= C1 e(C 2 V ) p2 + C3 e(C 4 V ) p + C5 e(C 6 V )

IFRIC = REN - Renard law
The first critical velocity Vcr1

than the second critical velocity Vcr2 (C5 < C6).
The static friction coefficient C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 must be lower
than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3 ) and C2 < C3 ).
The minimum friction coefficient C4 , must be lower than the static friction coefficient
C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 (C4 < C1 and C4 < C2 ).
16. IFROM selects two types of contact friction penalty formulation.
The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = VISF * Sqrt(2Km) * VTF T = min (µF N, F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = F Told + ∆F T
∆F T = K * VT * dt

F Tnew = min (µF N, F adh )
17. For nonlinear implicit contact with friction, the stiffness formulation (IFORM = STIFF) is
recommended.
18. If IGNORE = 1 or 2, the slave nodes without a master segment found during the searching
are deleted from the interface.
If IGNORE = 1 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the default value of the distance for searching
closest master segment is the average size of the master segments.
If IGNORE = 2 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the distance for searching closest master
segment is computed as follows for each slave node:
d1 = 0.6 * (T s + T m)
d2 = 0.05 * T md
SRCHDIS = max(d1, d2 )
where,
T s is the thickness of the element connected to the slave node, for solids T s = 0.0
T m is the thickness of master segment, for solids T m = Element volume / Segment area
T md is the master segment diagonal

CONTX11
Bulk Data Entry
CONTX11 – Edge to Edge or Line to Line Contact Interface Definition for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines a edge to edge or line to line contact interface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTX11 C TID PID SLID MLID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONTX11 5 10 7 8
Field Contents
CTID Contact interface identification number.
(Integer > 0)
PID Property identification number of a PCONT entry. See comment 2.
(Integer > 0)
SLID Identification number of slave LINE entity. See comments 3 and 4.
(Integer > 0)
MLID Identification number of master LINE entity. See comments 3 and 4.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. CONTX11 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.
2. The property of CONTX11(PID) only can be defined by PCONT and its extended card
PCNTX11.
3. CONTX11 defines contact interface type 11, it describes the edge to edge or line to line
interface. This interface simulates impact between lines, a line can be a beam or truss
element or a shell edge or spring elements. The interface properties are:
impacts occur between a master and a slave line;

a slave line can impact on one or more master lines;
a line can belong to the master and the slave side. This allows self impact;
this interface can be used in addition to the interface type 7 PCNTX7 to solve the
edge to edge limitation of interface type 7.
4. The slave line entity SLID and master line set entity MLID must be defined via LINE:
a set of edges or lines of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements;

a set of elements (bars, beams, springs or shells), defined using SET(ELEM,...)
command;

CONV
Bulk Data Entry
CONV – Free Convection
Description
Defines a free convection boundary condition for heat transfer analysis through connection to
a surface element (CHBDYE card).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ONV EID PC ONID TA
Field Contents
EID CHBDYE surface element identification number.

PCONID Convection property identification number of a PCONV card.

TA Ambient points used to specify ambient temperature.

Comments
1. The basic exchange relationship is expressed as:
q = H * (T - TAMB)
Where, H is the free convection heat transfer coefficient specified on a MAT4 card
referred by a PCONV card, T is the grid temperature, and TAMB is the ambient
temperature.
2. CONV is used with a CHBDYE card having the same EID.
3. In linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, ambient temperature is specified by SPC of

the TA point.
4. This card is represented as a slave element in HyperMesh.

CORD1C
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1C – Cylindrical Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a cylindrical coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the Z-axis, and the third lies in the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1C C ID G1 G2 G3 C ID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1C 3 16 32 19
Field Contents
CID Unique coordinate system identification number.
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3 Grid point identification numbers of points used to uniquely define the
cylindrical coordinate system (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Defining a C ylindrical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1. Coordinate system identification numbers (CID) on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S,

CORD2R, CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must all be unique.
2. A duplicate identification number is allowed if the CID and GID are identical and the
coordinates are within the value set by PARAM, DUPTOL (see Guidelines for Bulk Data
Entries for further information).
3. The three points G1, G2, G3 must be non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the
geometry processor.
4. The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this cylindrical coordinate system is given by
(R, θ, and Z) where, θ is measured in degrees.
5. The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (ur, uθ,
and uz) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in all three of these directions at the
grid point are specified in units of length.
In OptiStruct, the cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems are internally resolved to
entity-position-dependent (example: GRID) rectangular systems. Therefore, when a grid
point is located in a cylindrical system, OptiStruct constructs a rectangular system at
that location for the grid point. The R-direction corresponds to the X-axis, the Z-axis is
the same, and the θ axis is tangential to the X (or R) axis. Now the various degrees of
freedom can be resolved (vis-à-vis constraints) similar to a general rectangular system.
Care must be taken to observe that the internally generated rectangular systems are
dependent on the grid point location in the cylindrical system. So they may be different
for different grid point locations within the same cylindrical system.

6. Points on the Z-axis should not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity. In this case, the defining rectangular system is used.
7. A maximum of two coordinate systems may be defined on a single entry.
8. This card is represented as a system in HyperMesh.

CORD1R
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1R – Rectangular Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the Z-axis, and the third lies on the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1R C ID G1 G2 G3 C ID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1R 3 16 32 19
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
rectangular coordinate system (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1. Coordinate system identification numbers on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S, CORD2R,

CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must all be unique.
3. The three points G1, G2, and G3 must be non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by
the geometry processor.
4. The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this rectangular coordinate system is given
by (X, Y, and Z).
5. The displacement coordinate directions at P are (Ux , Uv , and Uz) as shown in Figure 1.
7. In geometric nonlinear analysis, CORD1R is a moving coordinate system. It moves with

GRID points defining the system.

CORD1S
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1S – Spherical Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a spherical coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is the
origin, the second lies on the polar (Z) axis, and the third lies in the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1S C ID G1 G2 G3 C ID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD1S 3 16 32 19
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3 Grid point identification number.

Figure 1: Defining a Spherical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments

4. The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this spherical coordinate system is given by
(R, θ, and ). Where, θ and are measured in degrees.
5. The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (ur, uθ,
and u ) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in all three of these directions at the
grid point are specified in units of length.
6. Points on the polar axis may not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity. In this case, the defining rectangular system is
used.

CORD2C
Bulk Data Entry
CORD2C – Cylindrical Coordinate System Definition, Form 2
Description
This entry defines a cylindrical coordinate system using three grid points specified with
respect to a reference coordinate system. The coordinates of the three non-collinear grid
points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first point defines the origin.
The second point defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third lies in the X-Z plane (see
Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2C C ID RID A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2C 3 -2.9 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 1.0
5.2 1.0 -2.9
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
RID Identification number of a reference coordinate system that is defined

independently from this coordinate system (see comment 7).

Field Contents
A1,A2,A3 Coordinates of three points in the reference coordinate system (RID). If

B1,B2,B3 RID is blank or 0, then the reference coordinate system is the default
C1,C2,C3 basic coordinate system.
(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a C ylindrical C oordinate System (C ID) using points A, B and C with reference to another
coordinate system (RID).
Comments
1. The three points (A1, A2, A3), (B1, B2, B3), (C1, C2, C3) must be unique and non-
collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the geometry processor.
2. Coordinate system identification numbers (CID) on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S,

CORD2R, CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must be unique.
4. The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this cylindrical coordinate system is given by
(R, θ, and Z). Where, θ is measured in degrees.
5. The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (Ur, Uθ,
and Uz) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in these three directions at the grid
point are specified in units of length.

In OptiStruct, the cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems are internally resolved to
entity-position-dependent (example: GRID) rectangular systems. Therefore, when a grid
point is located in a cylindrical system, OptiStruct constructs a rectangular system at
that location for the grid point. The R-direction corresponds to the X-axis, the Z-axis is
the same, and the θ axis is tangential to the X (or R) axis. Now the various degrees of
freedom can be resolved (vis-à-vis constraints) similar to a general rectangular system.
Care must be taken to observe that the internally generated rectangular systems are
dependent on the grid point location in the cylindrical system. So they may be different
for different grid point locations within the same cylindrical system.
6. Points on the Z-axis should not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity.
7. The reference coordinate system (RID) should be independently defined or left blank. If
blank (or 0), the reference coordinate system is the default basic coordinate system. In
such cases, A, B and C are defined with respect to the basic coordinate system.

CORD2R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
The entry defines a rectangular coordinate system by using three grid points. The coordinates
of the three non-collinear grid points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The
first point defines the origin. The second defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third point
defines a vector, which, with the Z-axis, defines the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2R C ID RID A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2R 3 -2.9 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 1.0
5.2 1.0 -2.9
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
RID Identification number of a coordinate system that is defined independently

from this coordinate system (see comment 6).

Field Contents

(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using points A, B and C with reference to another
coordinate system (RID).
Comments
1. The three points (A1, A2, and A3), (B1, B2, and B3), and (C1, C2, and C3) must be
unique and non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the geometry processor.

by (X, Y, and Z).


CORD2S
Bulk Data Entry
CORD2S – Spherical Coordinate System Definition, Form 2
Description
This entry defines a spherical coordinate system three grid points. The coordinates of the
three non-collinear grid points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first
point defines the origin. The second point defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third lies in
the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2S C ID RID A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD2S 3 -2.9 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 1.0
5.2 1.0 -2.9
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
RID Identification number of a coordinate system that is defined

independently from this coordinate system (see comment 7).

Field Contents
(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a Spherical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points A, B and C .
Comments

4. The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this spherical coordinate system is given by
(R, θ, and ). Where, θ and are measured in degrees.
5. The displacement coordinate directions at P are (ur, uθ, and u ) as shown in Figure 1.
The displacements in all three of these directions at the grid point are specified in units of
length.

6. Points on the polar axis may not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity.

CORD3R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
The entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the X-axis, and the third lies on the X-Y plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD3R C ID G1 G2 G3 C ID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD3R 3 16 32 19
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
rectangular coordinate system (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments

coordinates are within the value set by PARAM, DUPTOL. Refer to Guidelines for Bulk Data
Entries.
by (X, Y, and Z).
7. In geometric nonlinear analysis, CORD3R is a moving coordinate system. It moves with

grid points defining the system.
8. The implementation of CORD3R in OptiStruct is different from that of NASTRAN. A CORD3R

coordinate system in OptiStruct can be defined by specifying grid point identification
numbers for the Origin, X-axis and the XY plane, whereas CORD3R in NASTRAN is specified
with reference to the Origin, Z-axis and the XZ plane.

CORD4R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
This entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points specified with
respect to the basic coordinate system. The coordinates of the three non-collinear grid points
are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first point is the origin, the second lies
on the X-axis, and the third lies on the X-Y plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD4R C ID A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3
C1 C2 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ORD4R 3 -2.9 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 1.0
5.2 1.0 -2.9
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
A1,A2,A3 Coordinates of three points in the basic coordinate system.

B1,B2,B3
C1,C2,C3 (Real)

Figure 1: C ORD4R definition.
Comments

by (X, Y, and Z).

COUPLER
Bulk Data Entry
COUPLER – Coupler Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a coupler connecting two or three joints.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C OUPLER C OID JID1 TYPE1 RATIO1 JID2 TYPE2 RATIO2
JID3 TYPE3 RATIO3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C OUPLER 3 1 T 2.0 4 R 1.0
Field Contents
COID Unique coupler identification number.
(Integer > 0)
JIDi Joint identification numbers.
TYPEi Type.
No default (TRA or ROT) – See comment 3.
RATIOi Coefficients of the coupler constraint equation.
(Real; Default = 1.0)

Comments
1. COUPLERs are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2. At least JID1 and JID2 need to be defined.
3. The type is optional if the Joint is revolute or translation. But if the joint is cylindrical,
the type should be set to TRA to denote that the translational motion is coupled or ROT
to specify that the rotational motion is coupled.

CPENTA
Bulk Data Entry
CPENTA – Five-sided Solid Element with six or fifteen grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the CPENTA element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C PENTA EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G14
G15
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C PENTA 112 2 3 15 14 4 103 115
Field Contents
G# Identification numbers of connected grid points.

Comments
1. Element ID numbers must be unique with respect to all other element ID numbers.
2. The topology of the diagram must be preserved, that is, G1, G2, and G3 define a
triangular face, G1-G4, G2-G5, and G3-G6 each form one edge.
The edge points, G7-G15, are optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all
must be used. The second and third continuation is not needed for the six node version
of this element.
C PENTA definition
G3 and G4 with G6. For 15-noded CPENTA, appropriate changes to mid-side node
numbering are also performed. In such cases, the element coordinate system will be built
on the renumbered node sequence.
5. The element coordinate system for the CPENTA element is defined as follows:

C PENTA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at the mid-point of a straight line
from G1 to G4.
The element z-axis corresponds to the average of the vector connecting the centroid of
triangular face G1-G2-G3 to the centroid of the triangular face G4-G5-G6 and the normal
vector of the mid-plane (the plane on which the mid-points of the straight lines G1-G4,
G2-G5, and G3-G6 lie). The positive sense of the z-axis is toward the triangular face G4-
G5-G6.
The element y-axis is perpendicular to the element z-axis and lies on the plane created by
the element z-axis and the line connecting the origin and the mid-point of a straight line
from G3 to G6. The positive sense of the y-axis is toward the straight line from G3 to G6.
6. This card is represented as a penta6 or penta15 element in HyperMesh.

CPYRA
Bulk Data Entry
CPYRA – Five-sided Solid Element with five or thirteen grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the PYRA solid element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C PYRA EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C PYRA 71 4 3 4 5 6 7
Field Contents
G# Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Comments
2. Grid points G1,…,G4 must be given in consecutive order about the quadrilateral face.
The edge points, G6 through G13, are optional. If any of the edge points are present,
they all must be used. The continuation must not be present for the 5-noded version of
this element.
C PYRA definition
4. The element coordinate system for the CPYRA element is defined as follows:
R Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G4 and G2 to G3.
S Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.
T Joins the intersection of R and S to G5.

C PYRA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at the intersection of the vectors
R and S.
5. This card is represented as a pyra5 or pyra13 element in HyperMesh.

CQUAD4
Bulk Data Entry
CQUAD4 – Quadrilateral Element Connection
Description
Defines a quadrilateral plate element (QUAD4) of the structural model. This element uses a 6
degree-of-freedom per node formulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C QUAD4 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 Theta ZOFFS

or
MC ID
T1 T2 T3 T4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C QUAD4 111 203 31 74 75 32
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPP or PHFSHL property

entry.
G1,G2,G3,G4 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
No default (Integers > 0, all unique)

Field Contents
Theta Material orientation angle in degrees.
MCID Material coordinate system identification number. The x-axis of this

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis of
the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. MCID must be an integer > 0. If blank, Theta =
0.0 is used, unless the material referenced by the element is isotropic
(MAT1) – then MCID = 0 is used. See comments 4, 5, and 6.
Default is Theta = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell
reference plane. See comment 10. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on
the PSHELL entry.
Ti Thickness of the element at the grid points. Overrides the thickness

specified on the PSHELL entry. If Ti is specified, the average of all four
thicknesses is used as the element thickness.
For defaults: See comments 7 and 9.
(Real > 0.0 or blank)
Comments
2. Grid points G1 through G4 must be ordered consecutively around the perimeter of the
element.
3. All of the interior angles must be less than 180 degrees.
4. The elemental coordinate system is a bisection definition as depicted in the following

figure:

Elemental coordinate system
5. For H3D and OUTPUT2 output formats, stresses and strains are always output in the
elemental system.
6. For HM, PUNCH and OPTI output formats, stresses and strains are output by default in
the material coordinate system. PARAM, OMID can be set to NO to output results in the
elemental system. For elements with blank Theta/MCID, THETA = 0.0 is assumed, and
the material coordinate system is aligned with side G1-G2 of the shell element. For
elements with prescribed THETA, the material x-axis is rotated from side G1-G2 by angle
THETA. For elements with prescribed MCID, the material system is constructed by
projecting the prescribed MCID onto the plane of the element.
Orientation when Theta (real value) is entered in 8th field

Orientation when MC ID (integer value) is entered in 8th field
7. If any of the Ti fields are blank, the thickness specified on the PSHELL data will be used
for that node’s thickness. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the thickness at that node is
zero.
8. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size or size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design
space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
9. If Ti is present, the PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP data.
10. The shell reference plane can be offset from the plane defined by element nodes by
means of ZOFFS. In this case all other information, such as material matrices or fiber
locations for the calculation of stresses, is given relative to the offset reference plane.
Similarly, shell results, such as shell element forces, are output on the offset reference
plane.
ZOFFS can be input in two different formats:
1. Real:
A positive or a negative value of ZOFFS is specified in this format. A positive value of

ZOFFS implies that the reference plane of each shell element is offset a distance of
ZOFFS along the positive z-axis of its element coordinate system.
2. Surface:
This format allows you to select either “Top” or “Bottom” option to specify the offset
value.
Top:
The top surface of the shell element and the plane defined by the element nodes are
coincident.
This makes the effective "Real" ZOFFS value equal to half of the thickness of the PSHELL
property entry referenced by this element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on
the direction of the offset relative to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate

system, as defined in the Real section). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Top option in ZOFFS
Bottom:
The bottom surface of the shell element and the plane defined by the element nodes are
coincident.
Figure 2: Bottom option in ZOFFS
Note that when ZOFFS is used, both MID1 and MID2 must be specified on the PSHELL
entry referenced by this element (otherwise, singular matrices would result).
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass, and geometric stiffness), and to
respective element loads (such as gravity). Hence, ZOFFS can be used in all types of
analysis and optimization. Note, however, that for first order shell elements (CQUAD4 and
CTRIA3), the offset operation does not correct for secondary effects, such as change of
shell area when offset is applied on curved surfaces. Hence, the value of ZOFFS should
be kept within a reasonable percentage (10% - 15%) of the local radius of curvature.
Automatic offset control is available in composite free-size and sizing optimization where
the specified offset values are automatically updated based on thickness changes.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
used in linear buckling analysis, caution is advised in interpreting the results. Without
offset, a typical simple structure will bifurcate and loose stability “instantly” at the critical

load. With offset, though, the loss of stability is gradual and asymptotically reaches a
limit load, as shown below in figure (b):
Hence, the structure with offset can reach excessive deformation before the limit load is
reached. Note that the above illustrations apply to linear buckling – in a fully nonlinear
limit load simulation, additional instability points may be present on the load path.
11. PHFSHL properties are only valid with an @HYPERFORM statement in the first line of the
input file.
12. This card is represented as a quad4 element in HyperMesh.

CQUAD8
Bulk Data Entry
CQUAD8 – Curved Quadrilateral Shell Element Connection
Description
Defines a curved quadrilateral shell element with eight grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C QUAD8 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 T1 T2 T3 T4 Theta ZOFFS
or
MC ID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C QUAD8 111 203 20 21 50 51 26 94
95 23 0.125 0.025 0.030 .025 30. .03
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP or PCOMPP property entry.
G1,G2,G3,G4 Grid point identification numbers of connected corner points. Required

data for all four grid points.

Field Contents
G5,G6,G7,G8 Grid point identification numbers of connected edge points. Cannot be

omitted.
No default (Integer > 0 or blank)
Ti Thickness of the element at the corner grid points G1 through G4. The
thickness of the element with Ti specified will be constant and equal to
an average of T1, T2, T3 and T4.
For defaults: see comment 5.
THETA Material orientation angle in degrees. See comment 4.
Default = 0,0 (Real)

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis
of the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. If blank, Theta = 0.0 is used, (See comments 3
and 4).
Default is THETA = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS Offset from the surface of grid points to the element reference plane.
See comment 7. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL entry.
Comments
1. Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element IDs.
2. Grid points G1 through G8 must be numbered as shown here:

3. The element coordinate system is a Cartesian system defined locally for each point ( , ).
It is based on the following rules:

- The plane containing and is tangent to the surface of the element.
- and are obtained by doubly bisecting the lines of constant and .
increases in the general direction of increasing and of .

4. The orientation of the material coordinate system is defined locally at each interior
integration point by THETA, which is the angle from the line of constant (essentially the
same as the -axis) to the material x-direction (Xmaterial).
If MCID is used in place of THETA, then the local material x-direction (Xmaterial) is
obtained at any point in the element by projection of the x-axis of the prescribed MCID
coordinate system onto the surface of the element at this point. The local z-direction is
aligned with the normal to the surface and the material y-direction (Y material) is
constructed accordingly to produce right-handed local material system X-Y-Zmaterial.

Note that since changes directions throughout the element based on element shape,
the material coordinate system varies similarly. Because of this, an orthotropic or
anisotropic material will cause the CQUAD8's stiffness to be biased by both its shape and
grid ordering. Use the CQUAD4 element if a constant material coordinate system direction
is desired with orthotropic and anisotropic materials.
5. T1, T2, T3, and T4 are optional. If they are not supplied, then the element thickness will
be set equal to the value of T on the PSHELL entry. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the
thickness at that node is zero. If Ti’s are supplied, PID cannot reference PCOMP or
PCOMPP data. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for Size
optimization, then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in
the design space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
6. It is required that the midside grid points be located within the middle third of the edge;
that is the interval (0.25, 0.75) excluding the quarter points 0.25 and 0.75. If the edge
point is located at the quarter point, the program may fail with an error or the calculated
stresses will be meaningless.
plane.
1. Real:


2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.

Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass and geometric stiffness) and to
analysis and optimization in OptiStruct. Automatic offset control is available in composite
free-size and sizing optimization where the specified offset values are automatically
updated based on thickness changes.
However, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
8. Stresses and strains are output in the local coordinate system identified by and
above.
9. Size optimization of the property referenced by PID is not possible if Ti values are defined
here. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored.
10. These 2nd order shell elements do not have normal rotational degrees-of-freedom (often
referred to as "drilling stiffness"). No mass is associated with these degrees-of-freedom.
If unconstrained, massless mechanisms may occur. It is therefore advisable to use
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES when working with these elements.

CQUADR
Bulk Data Entry
CQUADR – Quadrilateral Element Connection
Description
CQUADR entry is equivalent to CQUAD4. Unlike other Nastran codes, a 6 degree-of-freedom

per node formulation is used for all shell elements.
Refer to the documentation for the CQUAD4 Bulk Data Entry.

CROD
Bulk Data Entry
CROD – Rod Element Connection
Description
Defines a tension-compression-torsion element (ROD) of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ROD EID PID G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C ROD 12 13 21 23
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
PID Identification number of a PROD property entry.
(Integer > 0; If blank defaults to EID)
Comments
2. Only one ROD element may be defined on a single entry.

CSEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CSEAM – Seam Weld Element Connection
Description
Define a seam weld connecting two shell surfaces.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM EID PID SMLN C TYPE IDAS IDBS IDAE IDBE
GS GE
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM 22 3 SEAM1 PSHELL 1 2
7 8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM 22 3 ELEM 11 12 21 22
7 8
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM EID PID SMLN C TYPE IDAS IDBS IDAE IDBE

XS YS ZS XE YE ZE
Alternate Format Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM 22 3 SEAM1 PSHELL 1 2
0.3 0.4 0.25 0.6 0.4 0.25
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEAM 22 3 ELEM 11 12 21 22
0.3 0.4 0.25 0.6 0.4 0.25
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSEAM entry.
SMLN Identification of a seam line (See comment 2).
No default (Maximum eight characters)
CTYPE Character string indicating how the connection is defined. Either format
connects up to 3 x 3 quadrilateral shell elements per patch (possibly more
for triangular elements).
For PSHELL type, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying the property identification numbers.
For ELEM type, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying element identification numbers.

Field Contents
IDAS, Used to define the two connecting patches or the start parts of patch A
IDBS and patch B.
If CTYPE="PSHELL", then IDAS and IDBS refer to the property identification

numbers of patch A and patch B.
If CTYPE="ELEM", then IDAS and IDBS refer to the element identification

numbers of patch A and B.
IDAE, Used to define the end parts of patch A and patch B.

IDBE
If CTYPE="PSHELL", IDAE and IDBE could be zero. If they are not zero,
then IDAE and IDBE refer to the property identification numbers of the end
parts of patch A and patch B. They could be used to define a tailored
blank model.
If CTYPE="ELEM", IDAS and IDBS refer to the element identification

numbers of the end parts of patch A and B.
For PSHELL type, Integer >
GS Identification number of a grid point which defines the start location of the
connector.
GE Identification number of a grid point which defines the end location of the
connector.
XS, YS, Coordinates of point that defines the start location (GS) of the seam weld
ZS in the basic coordinate system.
(Real)
XE, YE, Coordinates of point that defines the end location (GE) of the seam weld in
ZE the basic coordinate system.
(Real)

Comments
1. CSEAM defines a flexible connection between two surface patches. With all of the
information provided, a fictitious 8-node CHEXA will be generated internally for a CSEAM,
and the eight corner nodes are all constrained by the grids of corresponding shell
elements. Then the element stiffness of this fictitious CHEXA will be transferred to the
corresponding shell grids. The CSEAM element itself does not hold any independent DOF.
See the figure below:
A CSEAM element connects Shell A and Shell B. A fictitious hexa is generated for the
CSEAM, and the corner nodes of the hexa are all constrained by corresponding shell grids.
To have a clear view, only one of this kind of constraint relationship is shown with dotted
lines.
2. In the SMLN entry, a name can be given for the CSEAM element. If one CSEAM's GS or
GE is common to the GS or GE of the other CSEAM and they have the same SMLN, the
two CSEAM elements are regarded as neighbors. For two neighboring CSEAM elements,
the faces of the internally generated CHEXAs will be adjusted to form a single common
face.
A seam line does not have a branch with the same SMLN,
3. The distance between GS and GE is the length of the element. The width of the seam
weld is defined in the PSEAM card as W. It is measured perpendicular to the length and
lies in the plane of Shell A or B.

4. Building the connectivity for CSEAM.
Since the geometry for finding the correct projection could be various and complicated,
many geometry related checks will be implemented in the following procedure. The
default projection algorithm and checking rules can be modified to some extent via
changing the default value defined in the SWLDPRM card.
To build the connectivity, at first, project GS on Shell A and B; the projection points are
denoted as SA and SB respectively. This is also true for GE, and the projection points are
denoted as EA and EB. SA, SB, EA and EB are also called piercing points. Meanwhile, the
shell elements supporting these piercing points are denoted as EIDSA, EIDSB, EIDEA and
EIDEB.
Take SA as an example. For ELEM type, the program will try to project GS on the user
specified element; if the piercing point falls inside the element, the program will accept it
and move to find the next piercing point. If the piercing point falls outside the element
but within the tolerance defined by PROJTOL in the SWLDPRM card, the program will still
accept it. Otherwise, an error will be issued for this CSEAM element, and the program
continues to process other CSEAM elements. For PSHELL type, the case could be much
more complicated. First, a bunch of shell elements which are the closest ones to GS and
have the user-specified shell property will be selected as candidates. Then project GS on
each of the candidates. If the piercing point falls inside one of the candidates, the
program will accept it and move to find the next one. After looping all the candidates, if
there is no appropriate one to support the piercing point, the tolerance defined by
PROJTOL will be used and all candidates will be searched again. At last, if still no element
is found to support the piercing point, an error will be issued for this CSEAM, and the
program continues to process other CSEAM elements. In this way, all the four piercing
points and elements supporting them are found, or an error is issued.
If GMCHK > 0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), various geometry checks will be
implemented at specific steps.
If GMCHK > 0 and GSPROJ > 0.0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), the program will
check the angle between the normal vectors of EIDSA and EIDSB, and the angle between
the normal vectors of EIDEA and EIDEB. If the angle is larger than GSPROJ, an error will
be issued for this CSEAM. If GSTOL > 0.0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card) and one of
the lengths of GS-SA, GS-SB, GE-EA and GE-EB is larger than GSTOL, an error will be
issued. Besides these basic checks, a group of cutout and span checks will be performed
if GMCHK>0.
After the four piercing points are found, the auxiliary points will then need to be located
with the definition of the seam width. Take SA as an example, with the coordinates of
the piercing point, the supporting element EIDSA and the seam weld width W, you can
define the following vector n × GS-GE where n is the normal vector of EIDSA. Through
SA, two points SA1 ' and SA2 ' can be defined along this vector and |SA1 '-SA2 '| = W. SA1 '
and SA2 ' are called the preliminary auxiliary points. For a curved or folded shell patch, the
preliminary points may not lie on the shell surface. Therefore, a second projection is
needed to find the final auxiliary points. Take SA1 ' as an example. First, a group of
candidate elements needs to be collected. They are composed of shell elements
surrounding EIDSA. SA1 ' will be projected on each of the candidates to find the best one
to support the projection point. If no element with the user specified shell property is
found with/without tolerance, elements with different shell property will be supplemented
to the candidate list. After projecting all the eight preliminary auxiliary points on the shell

surfaces, the number of good auxiliary points will be counted. If all of the eight auxiliary
points and corresponding shell elements are successfully located, the building of the
connectivity for this CSEAM succeeds. Otherwise, GSMOVE defined in the SWLDPRM card
will be implemented to avoid the failure if GSMOVE > 0.
When collecting candidate shell elements which will be used to support the auxiliary
points, the angle between the normal vector of the shell element and the thickness
direction of the fictitious CHEXA will be checked. If the angle is larger than GSPORJ, this
shell element will not be considered as a candidate. If EIDSA, EIDSB, EIDEA or EIDEB fails
the check, a warning message will be issued. For curved or folded shell surface, shell
elements on it have more chances to be eliminated from the candidate list, thus may
possibly induce the failure of locating all auxiliary points. One remedy to this problem is to
increase the value of GSPORJ to include more shell elements into the candidate list.
Various projection points generated in building the connectivity for a CSEAM element.
5. When building the connectivity for CSEAM, if not all eight auxiliary points can be found
and GSMOVE > 0, GS or/and GE will be moved by W/2 and re-projected to avoid the
failure. This often happens near the mesh boundary.

Both GS and GE are moved by W/2 to find correct projection.
6. For PSHELL type CSEAM, when the GS or GE is close to a folded or curved part of a shell
surface, the program has more chances to fail in locating the correct element to support
the piercing points because of multiple possible choices. In this case, using ELEM type to
directly specify the elements for projection would be a wise alternative.
7. Check whether the CSEAM spans a cutout or spans more than three shell elements on
each shell surface when GMCHK > 0.
Take EIDSA and EIDEA as an example.
If EIDSA = EIDEA, the seam lies on the same element on this surface. This case is
accepted.
EIDEA and they share at least one common grid, it is necessary to do some
checks.
(In the following check, an element called EIDMA is used to assist the check. EIDMA is
located on the same shell surface where EIDSA and EIDEA are located. It shares one of
the common grids shared by EIDSA and EIDEA. EIDMA could be multiple.)
a)If EIDSA and EIDEA share only one common grid but no EIDMA is found, then this case
is rejected.

This case is rejected.
b)If EIDSA and EIDEA share only one common grid and at least one EIDMA is found, the
number of free edges will be counted. The following cases are considered.
If there are three or more free edges (bold lines), this case is rejected.
Angle check.

Projection check. M is the middle point of the two free edges' ends.
If there are two free edges, the angle (α) between the free edges will be calculated. If
the angle is larger than CNRAGLI (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), this case is
accepted. If the angle is smaller than CNRAGLI, then you project the mid-point M to
EIDSA, EIDEA and EIDMA, if the projection point falls inside, this case is still accepted. Or
it will be rejected.
If there is only one free edge, this case is accepted.
If there is no free edge, this case is accepted.

c)If EIDSA and EIDEA share two common grids, that means EIDSA and EIDEA share a
common edge. Before accepting this case, it is still necessary to check the angle or
project the middle point M.
Angle check.
Projection check. M is the middle point of the two free edges' ends.
Compare the angle (α) with CNRAGLO even EIDSA and EIDEA share an edge. If the angle
is larger than CNRAGLI, this case is accepted. If the angle is smaller than CNRAGLI, then
you project the mid-point M to EIDSA and EIDEA, if the projection point falls inside, this
case is still accepted. Or it will be rejected.
elements around them and check how these elements are connected with EIDSA and
EIDEA.
(In the following check, EIDMA is re-defined as an element which shares at least one grid
respectively with EIDSA and EIDEA)
a) If there is no EIDMA, this means the CSEAM element spans more than three elements
in the current shell surface, and this case is rejected.

This case is rejected.
b) If there are three EIDMA which share edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA, this case is
accepted.
This case is accepted.

c) If there are two EIDMA which share edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA, it is necessary
to check whether the two EIDMA share a common edge or not. If the two EIDMA do
not share a common edge, there is a cutout and this case is rejected.

If the two EIDMA do not share a common If the two EIDMA share a common edge, this
edge, there is a cutout and this case is case is accepted.
rejected.
Two different cases when there are two EIDMA who share edges with both EIDSA and
EIDEA.
d) If there is only one EIDMA which shares edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA. The check
presented in the following figure needs to be implemented.
Point M is the average of the two piercing points, that is SA and EA. If the projection
from point M on EIDMA falls inside this element, this case is accepted, or it will be
rejected.
e) If there is only one EIDMA which shares one edge with EIDSA and shares a corner with
EIDEA (or shares one corner with EIDSA and shares one edge with EIDEA), the same
check implemented for the last case will be adopted.

f) If the projection from point M on EIDMA falls inside this element, this case is accepted,
or it will be rejected.
g) If there are two EIDMA and each of them shares an edge with EIDSA or EIDEA and
shares a corner with EIDEA or EIDSA, this case is accepted.
This case is accepted.
h) If there is only EIDMA which shares only corners but no edge with EIDSA or EIDEA, this
case is rejected.
These two cases are rejected. For the one on the right, although there is no cutout on
the surface, but EIDMA is not fully constrained (only two corners are constrained) by the
CSEAM. Therefore, this case is still rejected.
For EIDSB and EIDEB, the same cutout/span check applies.
All the cutout/span checks introduced here still cannot cover 100% cases, but they can
spot most of the bad cases that will lead to unreal modeling of the seam weld. Thus, it is
recommended to turn on the cutout/span check (GMCHK > 0) to exam the seam weld
model in the first round. After all possible problems are resolved, then start the final run.
8. Check whether the CSEAM spans a corner on each shell surface when GMCHK > 0.

Take EIDSA and EIDEA as an example. The angle between the normal vectors of the two
elements should not larger than the value of CNRAGLO (be defined in the SWLDPRM card)
as shown in the following figure. The same check applies to EIDSB and EIDEB. This
prevents generating single CSEAM element across a very curved shell configuration.
If α > CNRAGLO, this CSEAM element is rejected.
9. Diagnostic print outs, checkout runs and non-default setting of search and projection
parameters are requested on the SWLDPRM bulk data entry.
10. It is possible to visualize the fictitious CHEXA via setting SHOWAUX = 1 in the SWLDPRM
card. To have the fictitious CHEXA and corresponding results output into the H3D file,
one also needs to set SHOWAUX = 1.
11. It is recommended to start with default settings and turn on the full geometry check by
setting GMCHK=1 or 2. With the full geometry check, most of the unexpected cases
which may possibly induce unreasonable projections can be spotted. If the switch for
outputting diagnostic info, that is PRTSW, is turned on, the connectivity detail of each
CSEAM element will be printed in the .out file. Also, a summary of various geometry data
will be printed after all CSEAM elements are gone through by the program. They will be
very useful for debugging the seam weld model.
12. Seam weld elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

CSEC2
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC2 – 1D Section Element
Description
Defines a two-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 2 EID PID G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 2 71 4 3 4
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSEC section property entry.
G# Identification number of GRIDS section grid points.
Comments
1. Element identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect to
all other element identification numbers within the same section definition.
2. This entry is only valid when it appears between the BEGIN and END statements.

CSEC3
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC3 – Triangular Section Element
Description
Defines a 1st order three-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-
sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 3 EID PID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 3 10 100 3 4 5
Field Contents
Comments

CSEC4
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC4 – Quadrilateral Section Element
Description
Defines a 1st order four-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 4 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 4 10 100 3 4 5 6
Field Contents
Comments

CSEC6
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC6 – Curved Triangular Section Element
Description
Defines a planar, 2nd order, six-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-
sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 6 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 6 10 100 3 4 5 6 7 8
Field Contents
Comments


CSEC8
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC8 – Curved Quadrilateral Section Element
Description
Defines a planar 2nd order eight-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-
sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 8 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SEC 8 10 100 3 4 5 6 13 14
15 16
Field Contents

Comments

CSET
Bulk Data Entry
CSET – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
CSET entry is equivalent to BNDFREE.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFREE Bulk Data Entry.

CSET1
Bulk Data Entry
CSET1 – Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
CSET1 entry is equivalent to BNDFRE1.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFRE1 Bulk Data Entry.

CSHEAR
Bulk Data Entry
CSHEAR – Shear Panel Element Connection
Description
Defines a shear panel element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SHEAR EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C SHEAR 111 67 89 123 124 56
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
PID Identification number of a PSHEAR property entry.
(Integer > 0; If blank, defaults to EID)
G1, G2, G3, G4 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
(Integer > 0; all unique)
Comments

2. Grid points G1 through G4 must be ordered consecutively around the perimeter of the
element.
3. All interior angles must be less than 180 degrees.
C SHEAR definition
C SHEAR Element C orner Forces and Shear Flows
4. Shear panel elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

CTAXI
Bulk Data Entry
CTAXI – Axisymmetric Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines an axisymmetric triangular cross-section ring element for use in linear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TAXI EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Theta
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TAXI 111 2 31 74 75 32 51 52
15.0
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PAXI entry.
G1,G3,G5 Identification numbers of connected corner grid points. Cannot be

omitted.

Field Contents
G2,G4,G6 Identification numbers of connected edge grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
Comments
2. All the grid points must be located in the x-z plane of the basic coordinate system with x
= r > 0, and ordered consecutively starting at a corner grid point and proceeding around
the perimeter in either direction.
Corner grid points G1, G3 and G5 must be present. The edge points G2, G4 and G6 are
optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all must be used.
C TAXI definition

3. The continuation is optional.
4. If the PAXI entry referenced in field 3 references a MAT3 entry, material properties and
stresses are always given in the (xm, zm) coordinate system shown in the figure above.
5. A concentrated load (for example, the load specified on a FORCE entry) at a grid Gi of this
element denotes that applied onto the circumference with radius of Gi. For example, in
order to apply a load of 200N/m on the circumference at Gi which is located at a radius of
0.4m, the magnitude of the load specified on the static load entry must be:
(200 N/m) * 2 * (0.4m) = 502.655N
6. CTAXI and CTRIAX6 elements cannot be used simultaneously in an input model.
7. This card is represented as an element in HyperMesh.

CTETRA
Bulk Data Entry
CTETRA – Four-sided Solid Element with four or ten grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the CTETRA element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TETRA EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 G10
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TETRA 112 2 3 15 14 4
Field Contents
G# Identification numbers of connected grid points.
Comments
1. Element ID numbers must be unique with respect to all other element ID numbers.

2. The grid points G1, G2, G3, and G4 must describe the vertices and the remaining grid
points describe mid side nodes in the order shown here:
The edge points G5 to G10 are optional. All or none of the edge points can be specified.
It is recommended that the edge points be located within the middle third of the edge.
C TETRA definition
3. If the user-prescribed node numbering on the bottom face is reversed as compared to the
sequence shown above, then the nodes are renumbered to produce right-handed
orientation of numbering. This is accomplished by swapping node G2 with G3. For 10-
noded CTETRA, appropriate changes to mid-side node numbering are also performed. In
such cases, the element coordinate system will be built on the renumbered node
sequence.
5. The element coordinate system for the CTETRA element is defined as follows:
R Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.
S Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G3 and G2 to G4.
T Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G4 and G2 to G3

C TETRA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at G1.
6. This card is represented as a tetra4 or tetra10 element in HyperMesh.

CTRIA3
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIA3 – Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines a triangular plate element (TRIA3) of the structural model. This element uses a 6
degree-of-freedom per node formulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIA3 EID PID G1 G2 G3 Theta ZOFFS

or
MC ID
T1 T2 T3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIA3 111 203 31 74 75
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPP or PHFSHL property

entry.
G1,G2,G3 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Field Contents

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis of
the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. MCID must be an integer > 0. If blank, Theta = 0.0 is
used (See comments 2, 3, and 4).
Default is Theta = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell reference
plane. See comment 8. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL
entry.
Ti Thickness of the element at the grid points. Overrides the thickness

specified on the PSHELL entry. If Ti is specified, the average of all three
thicknesses is used as the element thickness.
For defaults: see comments 5 and 7.
Comments
2. The x-axis of the element coordinate system is aligned with side 1-2 of the shell element.
3. For H3D and OUTPUT2 output formats, stresses and strains are always output in the
elemental system.
4. For HM, PUNCH, and OPTI output formats, stresses and strains are output by default in
the material coordinate system. PARAM,OMID can be set to NO to output results in the
elemental system. For elements with blank Theta/MCID, the material coordinate system is
aligned with elemental coordinate system. For elements with prescribed THETA, the
material x-axis is rotated from side G1-G2 by angle THETA. For elements with prescribed
MCID, the material system is constructed by projecting the prescribed MCID onto the
plane of the element.

Orientation when Theta (real value) is entered in 8th field
Orientation when MC ID (integer value) is entered in 8th field
5. If any of the Ti fields are blank, the thickness specified on the PSHELL data will be used
for that node’s thickness. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the thickness at that node is
zero.
6. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size or size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design
space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
7. If Ti is present, the PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP data.
plane.
1. Real:


2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.

Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass, and geometric stiffness), and to
analysis and optimization. Note, however, that for first order shell elements (CQUAD4 and
CTRIA3), the offset operation does not correct for secondary effects, such as change of
shell area when offset is applied on curved surfaces. Hence, the value of ZOFFS should
be kept within a reasonable percentage (10% - 15%) of the local radius of curvature.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
9. PHFSHL properties are only valid with an @HYPERFORM statement in the first line of the
input file.
10. This card is represented as a tria3 element in HyperMesh.

CTRIA6
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIA6 – Curved Triangular Shell Element Connection
Description
Defines a curved triangular shell element with six grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIA6 EID PID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
THETA ZOFFS T1 T2 T3
or
MC ID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIA6 302 3 31 33 71 32 51 52
45 .03 .020 .025 .025
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP or PCOMPP entry.
G1,G2,G3 Grid point identification numbers of connected corner points.

Field Contents
G4,G5,G6 Grid point identification number of connected edge points. Cannot be

omitted.
THETA Material orientation angle in degrees.

material coordinate system is determined by projecting the x-axis of
the MCID coordinate system (defined by the CORDij entry or zero for
the basic coordinate system) onto the surface of the element.
Default is THETA = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS Offset from the surface of grid points to the element reference plane;
see Comment 7. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL entry.
Ti Membrane thickness of element at grid points G1 through G3. The

thickness of the element with Ti specified will be constant and equal to
an average of T1, T2, and T3.
For defaults: see comment 5.
Comments
1. Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element IDs.

3. The element coordinate system is a Cartesian system defined locally for each point ( ,
).
It is based on the following rules:
- The plane containing and is tangent to the surface of the element.
- is tangent to the line of constant .
- increases in the general direction of increasing and of .

4. The orientation of the material coordinate system is defined locally at each interior
integration point by THETA, which is the angle from the line of constant (essentially the
same as the -axis) to the material x-direction (Xmaterial).
If MCID is used in place of THETA, then the local material x-direction (Xmaterial) is
obtained at any point in the element by projection of the x-axis of the prescribed MCID
coordinate system onto the surface of the element at this point. The local z-direction is
aligned with the normal to the surface and the material y-direction (Y material) is
constructed accordingly to produce right-handed local material system X-Y-Zmaterial.

5. T1, T2, and T3 are optional. If they are not supplied, then the element thickness will be
set equal to the value of T on the PSHELL entry. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the
thickness at that node is zero. If Ti is supplied, PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP
data. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for Size optimization, then
any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design space for
Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
6. It is required that the midside grid points be located within the middle third of the edge.
That is the interval (0.25, 0.75) excluding the quarter points 0.25 and 0.75. If the edge
point is located at the quarter point, the program may fail with an error or the calculated
stresses will be meaningless.
plane.
1. Real:

2. Surface:
value.

Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass and geometric stiffness) and to
analysis and optimization. Automatic offset control is available in composite free-size and
sizing optimization where the specified offset values are automatically updated based on
thickness changes.

However, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
8. Stresses and strains are output in the local coordinate system identified by and
above.
9. Size optimization of the property referenced by PID is not possible if Ti values are defined
here. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored.
10. These 2nd order shell elements do not have normal rotational degrees-of-freedom (often
referred to as "drilling stiffness"). No mass is associated with these degrees-of-freedom.
If unconstrained, massless mechanisms may occur. It is therefore advisable to use
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES when working with these elements.

CTRIAR
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIAR – Triangular Element Connection
Description
CTRIAR entry is equivalent to CTRIA3. Unlike other Nastran codes, a 6 degrees-of-freedom

per node formulation is used for all shell elements.
Refer to the documentation for the CTRIA3 Bulk Data Entry.

CTRIAX6
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIAX6 – Axisymmetric Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines an axisymmetric triangular cross-section ring element for use in linear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIAX6 EID MID G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
Theta
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TRIAX6 111 203 31 74 75 32 51 52
15.0
Field Contents
MID Identification number of a MAT1 or MAT3 entry.
G1,G3,G5 Identification numbers of connected corner grid points. Cannot be

omitted.

Field Contents
G2,G4,G6 Identification numbers of connected edge grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
Comments
2. All the grid points must be located in the x-z plane of the basic coordinate system with x
= r > 0, and ordered consecutively starting at a corner grid point and proceeding around
the perimeter in either direction.
Corner grid points G1, G3 and G5 must be present. The edge points G2, G4 and G6 are
optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all must be used.
C TRIAX6 definition

3. The continuation is optional.
4. If MID is defined on a MAT3 entry, material properties and stresses are always given in
the (xm, zm) coordinate system shown in the figure above.
5. A concentrated load (for example, the load specified on a FORCE entry) at a grid Gi of this
element denotes that applied onto the circumference with radius of Gi. For example, in
order to apply a load of 200N/m on the circumference at Gi which is located at a radius of
0.4m, the magnitude of the load specified on the static load entry must be:
(200 N/m) * 2 * (0.4m) = 502.655N
6. CTRIAX6 and CTAXI elements cannot be used simultaneously in an input model.
7. This card is represented as an element in HyperMesh.

CTUBE
Bulk Data Entry
CTUBE – Tube Element Connection
Description
Defines a tension-compression-torsion element (TUBE) of the structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TUBE EID PID G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C TUBE 12 13 21 23
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
PID Identification number of a PTUBE property entry.
(Default = EID, Integer > 0)
Comments
2. Only one TUBE element may be defined on a single entry.

3. CTUBE data is converted to CROD data as it is read. PTUBE data is converted into PROD
data.

CVISC
Bulk Data Entry
CVISC – Viscous Damper Connection
Description
Defines a viscous damper element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C VISC EID PID G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C VISC 2 64 12 63
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PVISC entry.
G1, G2 Geometric grid point identification numbers of connection points.
Comments
1.

3. Only one viscous damper element may be defined on a single entry.
4. Viscous damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

CWELD
Bulk Data Entry
CWELD – Weld or Fastener Element Connection
Description
Defines a weld or fastener connecting two surface patches or points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD EWID PWID GS TYP GA GB SPTYP
GA1/SHIDA GA2/ GA3 GA4 GA5 GA6 GA7 GA8

SHIDB
GB1 GB2 GB3 GB4 GB5 GB6 GB7 GB8
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD 7 34 233 GRIDID QT
55 56 21 22
101 102 378
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD 7 34 233 ELEMID
15 16

Example 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD 7 34 ALIGN 103 259
Alternate Formats of CWELD Card – PARTPAT/ELPAT
The alternative formats of CWELD listed below are useful in cases when the weld diameter
extends beyond a single shell element. These options connect up to 3x3 shell elements per
patch (possibly more for triangular elements) on each side of weld element.
Format (Alternate)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD EWID PWID GS PATC HTYP GA GB
PIDA/ PIDB/
SHIDA SHIDB
XS YS ZS
Example 1 (Alternate)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD 10 20 PARTPAT
33 34
5.0 5.0 0.0
Example 2 (Alternate)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
C WELD 10 20 345 ELPAT
1034 2035
Field Contents
EWID Unique element identification number.
PWID Identification number of a PWELD entry.
Default = EWID (Integer > 0)
GS Identification number of a grid point which defines the location of the

connector. Required when TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID and GA and GB
are unspecified (See comments 2 and 4).
TYP Character string indicating how the connection is defined.
GRIDID indicates that the connection is defined with grid

identification numbers GA# and GB#, respectively (See comment 3).
ELEMID indicates that the connection is defined with shell element

identification numbers SHIDA and SHIDB (See comment 7).
ALIGN indicates that the connection is defined between two shell

vertex grid points (See comment 8).
No default (GRIDID, ELEMID or ALIGN)
GA, GB When TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID, these represent grid identification

numbers of piercing points on surface A and surface B respectively
(See comment 4).
When TYPE is ALIGN, these represent vertex grid identification

numbers of the first and second shells respectively.

Field Contents
SPTYP String indicating types of surface patches A and B. Q indicates

quadrilateral surface patch, and T indicates triangular surface patch.
Required when TYP is GRIDID (See comment 5).
No default (QQ, TT, QT, TQ, Q or T)
GA# Grid identification numbers of the first surface patch. GA1 to GA3 are
required (See comment 6).
GB# Grid identification numbers of the second surface patch (See

comment 6).
PATCHTYP The type of connection between the patches. Either format

connects up to 3x3 elements per patch (possibly more for triangular
elements). See comment 12.
For PARTPAT, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying the property numbers of shells on side A and B,
PIDA and PIDB, respectively.
For ELPAT, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is

defined by specifying IDs of shells SHIDA and SHIDB, respectively.
PIDA,PIDB Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A

and B, respectively. Required for PARTPAT.
SHIDA, SHIDB Element identification numbers of shells defining weld ends A and B,
respectively. Required for ELPAT.
XS, YS, ZS Coordinates of point that defines the location of the weld in the basic
coordinate system. It is an alternate way of specifying the location
of GS. Available with PARTPAT/ELPAT options only.
Real
Comments
1. CWELD defines a flexible connection between two surface patches, between a point and
a surface patch, or between two shell vertex grid points. See figure below:

C onnection between two surface patches
C onnection between a point and a surface patch

C onnection between two shell vertex grid points
2. GS is ignored if TYP is ALIGN.
3. If TYP is GRIDID, either a point to patch (GS to GA#) or a patch to patch (GA# to GB#)
connection is defined. For the patch to patch connection, GA# describes the first
surface patch and GB# describes the second surface patch.
4. The input of the piercing points GA and GB is optional when TYP is GRIDID and ELEMID. If
GA or GB are not specified, they are generated from the normal projection of GS onto the
surface patches. If GA and/or GB are specified, they take precedence over GS in defining
the respective end points. Also, their locations will be corrected so that they lie on
surface patch A and B, respectively. If GS is not specified, both GA and GB are required.
The length of the connector is the distance from GA to GB.
5. SPTYP defines the type of surface patches to be connected. SPTYP is required when TYP
is GRIDID to identify quadrilateral or triangular patches. Allowable combinations are:
SPTYP Description
QQ Connects a quadrilateral surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8) with a

quadrilateral surface patch B (QUAD4 or QUAD8).
QT Connects a quadrilateral surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8) with a

triangular surface patch B (TRIA3 or TRIA6).
TT Connects a triangular surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6) with a

triangular surface patch B (TRIA3 or TRIA6).
TQ Connects a triangular surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6) with a

quadrilateral surface patch B (QUAD4 or QUAD8).
Q Connects a grid point GB (or GS if GB not provided) with a quadrilateral

surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8). Surface patch B should not be
specified.

SPTYP Description
T Connects a grid point GB (or GS if GB not provided) with a triangular

surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6). Surface patch B should not be
specified.
6. GA# are required when TYP is GRIDID. At least 3, and at most 8, grid IDs may be
specified for GA#. Triangular and quadrilateral element definition sequences apply for the
order of GA# and GB#, see below. Missing mid-side nodes are allowed.
Quadrilateral and Triangular Surface Patches as defined when TYP is GRIDID
7. When TYP is ELEMID, a point to patch connection is defined, GS to SHIDA or a patch to

patch connection, SHIDA to SHIDB. SHIDA and SHIDB must be valid shell element
8. When TYP is ALIGN, a point to point connection is defined. GA and GB are required. GA
and GB are not required when TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID.
9. Forces and moments are output in the element coordinate system (shown in comment 10
below).
The element x-axis points from GA to GB. The element y-axis lies on the plane created by
the element x-axis and the smallest component of the element x-axis is the basic
coordinate system, and is orthogonal to the element x-axis. The element z-axis is the
cross-product of the element x-axis and the element y-axis.
10. The output format of the forces and moments, including the sign convention, is identical
to the CBAR element.

Element coordinate system and sign convention of element forces
11. Diagnostic print outs, checkout runs and non-default setting of search and projection
parameters are requested on the SWLDPRM bulk data entry. It is recommended to start
with default settings.
12. The formats PARTPAT and ELPAT connect shell element patches on side A and B. The
patches are identified by specifying SHIDA and SHIDB (for ELPAT connection) and by
specifying property IDs PIDA and PIDB for PARTPAT connection (wherein SHIDA and SHIDB
are found by appropriate search of best projections of GS (or GA) onto the surfaces A
and B, respectivel)y. The piercing points GA and GB are found by appropriate projections
onto SHIDA and SHIDB. Then the axis GA-GB is used to define four pairs of auxiliary
points GAHi, GBHi, i=1,4 that are located on patches A and B, respectively. The cross-
section area of the resulting hexahedral is equivalent to the area of the weld. The weld
stiffness matrix is first built using the auxiliary points and then constrained to supporting
shell nodes using respective shape functions.

13. Fastener elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

DAREA
Bulk Data Entry
DAREA – Dynamic Load Scale Factor
Description
Defines scale (area) factors for dynamic loads. DAREA is used in conjunction with RLOAD1,
RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DAREA SID P1 C1 A1 P2 C2 A2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DAREA 3 64 2 5.7 65 2 5.7
Field Contents
SID Identification number.
P1, P2# Grid or scalar point identification number.
C1, C2# Component number.
No default (Integer 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
A1, A2# Scale (area) factor.
No default (Real)

Comments
1. One or two scale factors may be defined on a single entry.
2. Refer to RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 entries for the formula that define the
scale factor A#.
3. Component numbers refer to the displacement coordinate system.

DCOMP
Bulk Data Entry
DCOMP – Manufacturing Constraints for Composite Sizing Optimization
Description
Defines manufacturing constraints for composite sizing optimization.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DC OMP ID ETYPE EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6
+ EID7 …
+ LAMTHK LTMIN LTMAX LTSET LTEXC
+ PLYTHK PTGRP PTMIN PTMAX PTOPT PTSET PTEXC
+ PLYPC T PPGRP PPMIN PPMAX PPOPT PPSET PPEXC
+ BALANC E BGRP1 BGRP2 BOPT
+ C ONST C GRP C THIC K C OPT
+ PLYDRP PDGRIP PDTYP PDMAX PDOPT PDSET PDEXC
Field Contents
ID Unique identification number.
ETYPE Entity type for which this DCOMP card is defined.
No default (PCOMP or STACK)
EID# Entity identification numbers. List of entities of type ETYPE for which this
DCOMP card is defined.
LAMTHK LAMTHK flag indicating that laminate thickness constraints are applied.

Field Contents
Multiple LAMTHK constraints are allowed.
LTMIN Minimum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0)
LTMAX Maximum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > LTMIN)
LTSET Set ID of elements to which the LAMTHK constraint is applied.
LTEXC Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the LAMTHK
constraint. The following options are supported:
NONE: Plies are not excluded.

CORE: The core is excluded. (Default)
CONST: Plies defined in the CONST constraint are excluded.
BOTH: CORE and CONST are considered.
PLYTHK PLYTHK flag indicating that ply thickness constraints are applied. Multiple
PLYTHK constraints are allowed.
PTGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYTHK
constraint is applied, depending on the PTOPT selection.
No default (Real or Integer)
PTMIN Minimum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.
PTMAX Maximum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > PTMIN)
PTOPT Ply selection options for the PLYTHK constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:
BYANG: Orientation (Default)

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PTSET Set ID of elements to which the PLYTHK constraint is applied.
PTEXC Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the PLYTHK

Field Contents

PLYPCT PLYPCT flag indicating that ply thickness percentage constraints are applied.
Multiple PLYPCT constraints are allowed.
PPGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYPCT
constraint is applied, depending on the PPOPT selection.
PPMIN Minimum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and < 1.0)
PPMAX Maximum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0, < 1.0 and > PPMIN)
PPOPT Ply selection options for the PLYPCT constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PPSET Set ID of elements to which the PLYPCT constraint is applied.
PPEXC Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the PLYPCT

BALANCE BALANCE flag indicating that a balancing constraint is applied. Multiple

BALANCE constraints are allowed.
BGRP1 First ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the BALANCE
constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT selection.
BGRP2 Second ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the BALANCE
constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT selection.

Field Contents
BOPT Ply selection options for the BALANCE constraint. Plies can be selected
based on the following:

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
CONST CONST flag indicating that a constant thickness constraint is applied.

Multiple CONST constraints are allowed.
CGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the CONST constraint
is applied, depending on the COPT selection.
CTHICK Constant ply thickness for the CONST constraint.
COPT Ply selection options for the CONST constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PLYDRP Indicates that ply drop-off constraints are applied. Multiple PLYDRP
constraints are allowed.
PDGRIP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYDRP
constraint is applied, depending on the PDOPT selection.
No default. (Real or Integer)
PDTYP Specifies the type of the drop-off constraint as: TOTDRP (see comment 5).
PDMAX Maximum allowed drop-off for the PLYDRP constraint.
No default (Real > 0)
PDOPT Ply selection options for the PLYDRP constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PDSET Set IDs of elements to which the PLYDRP constraint is applied.

Field Contents
PDEXC Exclusion flag indicates certain plies are excluded from the PLYDRP

CORE: The core is excluded. (Default).
Comments
1. The following manufacturing constraints are available for ply-based composite sizing
optimization:
Lower and upper bounds on the total thickness of the laminate (LAMTHK)
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness of a given orientation (PLYTHK)
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness percentage of a given orientation (PLYPCT)
Manufacturable ply thickness (PLYMAN)
Linking between the thicknesses of two given orientations (BALANCE)
Constant (non-designable) thickness of a given orientation (CONST)
LAMTHK, PLYTHK and PLYPCT can be applied locally to sets of elements. There can be
elements that do not belong to any set.
2. These constraints are automatically created after performing free-sizing optimization
when the OUTPUT,FSTOSZ control card is activated.
3. For a more detailed description and an example, refer to the User’s Guide section,
Optimization of Composite Structures.
4. Older versions of the DCOMP card (OptiStruct version 11.0 and prior) are supported and
handled appropriately.
5. The option for selecting the type of drop-off constraints for PDTYP is defined for a set of
plies, as shown in the figure below:
The option for PDTYP in DCOMP is: TOTDRP.

Assuming that the plies are stacked as shown above, you have the following definition:
6. This card is represented as an optimization designvariable in HyperMesh.

DCONADD
Bulk Data Entry
DCONADD – Design Constraint Addition
Description
Creates a combination of several DCONSTR sets that can be referenced by a subcase.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DC ONADD DC ID DC 1 DC 2 DC 3 DC 4 DC 5 DC 6 DC 7
DC 8 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DC ONADD 101 10 20 30
Field Contents
DCID DCONADD identification number.
(Integer > 0)
DCi DCONSTR identification number.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The DCONADD entry is selected by a DESSUB or DESGLB in the Subcase Information

section.
2. All DCi must be unique.
3. All DCID must be unique with respect to all Dci (DCONSTR IDs).
4. This card is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.

DCONSTR
Bulk Data Entry
DCONSTR – Design Constraints
Description
Defines design constraint upper and lower bounds where response is defined by DRESP1,
DRESP2, and DRESP3 cards.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DC ONSTR DC ID RID LBOUND/ UBOUND/ LFREQ UFREQ PROB

LTID UTID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DC ONSTR 1 9 0.5 10.0
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 9 TOPN DISP 3 4668
Field Contents
DCID Design constraint identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RID DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
LBOUND/LTID Lower bound on response or table identification number of a TABLEDi

entry that specifies the lower bound as function of a loading
frequency.
(Real, Integer, or blank)
UBOUND/UTID Upper bound on response or table identification number of a TABLEDi

entry that specifies the upper bound as function of a loading
frequency.
(Real, Integer, or blank)
LFREQ Lower bound on a loading frequency range.
Default = 0.0 (Real > 0.0)
UFREQ Upper bound on a loading frequency range.
Default = 1.0E+20 (Real > LFREQ)
PROB Probability value for Reliability based Design Optimization runs.
(50.0 < Real < 100.0)
Comments
1. The DCONSTR DCID is selected in the Subcase Information section by the DESSUB or
DESGLB cards and/or referenced by the DCONADD card.
2. For any DCID, the associated RID can be referenced only once.
3. If LBOUND or UBOUND are blank, no constraint will be generated for the bound.
4. Constraint bounds of zero should be avoided. Unnecessary bounds should be left blank.
For example, lower bounds on von Mises stress should be blank, not zero. If a bound of
zero is input, the bound will be changed to 1.0E-7 for lower bounds and –1.0E-7 for upper
bounds. This will remove numerical difficulties and cause the constraints to be ignored
unless the response is actually very near zero.
5. LFREQ, UFREQ apply only to response types related to a frequency response subcase
(DRESPi, RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, and FRERP). The
constraint bounds LBOUND and UBOUND are applied only if the loading frequency falls
between LFREQ and UFREQ. If ATTB of DRESP1 specifies a frequency value, LFREQ and
UFREQ are ignored.
6. LTID, UTID identify a loading frequency dependent tabular input using TABLEDi. They are
applied analogous to LFREQ, UFREQ detailed in comment 5.
7. This card is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.

DDVAL
Bulk Data Entry
DDVAL – Discrete Design Variable Values
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define real, discrete design variable values for discrete
variable optimization or to define relative rotor spin rates in rotor dynamics.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DDVAL ID DVAL1 DVAL2 DVAL3 DVAL4 DVAL5 DVAL6 DVAL7
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DDVAL ID DVAL1 "THRU" DVAL "BY" INC
The continuation entry formats (shown below) may be used more than once, and in any order.
They may also be used with either format above.
Continuation Entry Format 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVAL8 DVAL9 DVAL10 DVAL11 -etc.-
Continuation Entry Format 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVAL8 "THRU" DVAL9 "BY" INC
Example

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DDVAL 110 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4
.7 thru 1.0 by 0.05
1.5 20
Field Contents
ID Unique discrete value set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
DVALi Discrete values.
(Real or "THRU" or "BY")
INC Discrete value increment.
(Real)
Comments
1. DDVAL entries must be referenced by
a) The DDVAL field of a DESVAR bulk data entry.
b) The SPTID field of a RSPINR bulk data entry.
2. Trailing fields on a DDVAL record can be left blank if the next record is of type DVALi
"THRU" DVALj "BY" INC. Also, fields 7 though 9 must be blank when the type DVALi "THRU"
DVALj "BY" INC is used in fields 2 through 6. Fields 8 through 9 must be blank when the
type DVALi "THRU" DVALj "BY" INC is used in fields 3 through 7 for the first record.
Embedded blanks are not permitted in other cases.
3. The DVALi sequence can be random.
4. The format DVALi "THRU" DVALj "BY" INC defines a list of discrete values, for example,
DVALi, DVALi+INC, DVALi+2.0*INC, …, DVALj. The last discrete DVALj is always included,
even if the range is not evenly divisible by INC.
5. This card is represented as a discretedesignvariable in HyperMesh.

DEFORM
Bulk Data Entry
DEFORM – Static Element Deformation
Description
Defines enforced axial deformation for one-dimensional elements for use in statics problems.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DEFORM SID EID1 D1 EID2 D2 EID3 D3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DEFORM 21 157 -0.2 111 1.4
Field Contents
SID Identification number of a deformation set.
EID# Element Identification Number. See comment 1.
D# Deformation. (Positive value represents elongation).
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Only CBAR, CBEAM, CROD, CONROD, and CTUBE elements are valid.
2. To be used in an analysis, deformation sets must be referenced by a DEFORM Subcase

Information entry.

3. DEFORM does not enforce an actual extension of the length of the element; it applies an
internal strain within the element, which produces the specified extension if the element is
free to expand (similar to the effect of thermal expansion).
Since most elements in an FEA model are not free to expand, the specified extension
value may not be achieved because elastic compression of the element will partially or
completely offset the effect of the prescribed strain. To precisely enforce a prescribed
increase in length, MPC equations are more appropriate. Alternatively, giving the DEFORM
element a very high axial stiffness can approximate such conditions.

DELAY
Bulk Data Entry
DELAY – Dynamic Load Time Delay
Description
Defines the time delay term in the equations of the dynamic loading function. DELAY is
used in conjunction with RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DELAY SID P1 C1 T1 P2 C2 T2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DELAY 3 64 2 5.7 65 2 5.7
Field Contents
P1, P2 Grid or scalar point identification number.
C1, C2 Component number.
No default (Integer 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
T1, T2 time delay term, , for designated point and component.
No default (Real)

Comments
1. One or two dynamic load time delays may be defined on a single entry.
2. SID must also be specified on a RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 entry. See those
entry descriptions for the formulae that define the manner in which the time delay term,
, is used.
3. A DAREA entry should be used to define a load at P# and C#.

DEQATN
Bulk Data Entry
DEQATN – Design Equation Definition
Description
Specifies one or more equations for use in optimization.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DEQATN EQUID EQN1; EQN2; EQN3;
…; …; EQNn-1; EQNn
Example 1
DEQATN 3 y(x1, x2) = x1 + x2**-3.0*(2-1)+5.0;
z = -y*1.3E-2
Example 2
DEQATN 104 z(x1, x2) = min(sin(x1), x2);
y = max(0.3, -2.0, z) + 4.0
Field Contents
EQUID Unique equation identification number.
(Integer > 0)
EQNi i-th equation.

(Character string)
Comments
1. All equation identification numbers must be unique.
2. Each equation card is specified in a fixed format, without the limitation of data field
boundaries. Equations are located in columns 17-72 on the first card, and in columns 9-
72 on each continuation card. There is no limit on the total length of any equation.
3. Large field format is not allowed.
4. Free field format is allowed, but only the same number of characters as in the fixed format
(56 on the first line and 64 on the continuation lines) and will be accepted. Characters
after the 72nd column will not be accepted. Excess characters are silently disregarded,
which may result in DEQATN error or in a valid expression different from that intended. On
the continuation card in free format, the comma must be present within the first 8
columns; otherwise, the card will be interpreted in a fixed field format.
5. Blank characters in the equation have no effect, even within a constant, variable or
function name. Lower and upper case letters are equivalent.
6. There must be only one variable at the left-hand side of each equation in any equation
card. The variable of the first equation must be followed by an argument list in the
following format:
v1(x1,x2,…,xn) = expression(x1,x2,…,xn);
v2 = expression(x1,x2,…,xn,v1);
vi = expression(x1,x2,…,xn,v1,v2,…,vi-1);
vn = expression(x1,x2,…,xn,v1,v2,…,vn-1);
where, vi is the variable of equation i. (x1, x2, …, xn) is the argument list for variable v1.
(v1,v2,…,vi-1) is the variable list which corresponds to the result of equation 1 through
equation i-1.
Only the value of the last expression is returned to the bulk data card referencing EQUID
(DRESP2).
7. Constants can be specified in a format of either integer or floating point. A floating point
number can be in a format of either normal decimal-point format ("3.90") or scientific
notation ("-2.0E-3"), which means -2x10-3.
The list of supported mathematical functions is as follows:

One-argument functions
abs(x) absolute value
acos(x) arccosine
acosh(x) hyperbolic arccosine
asin(x) arcsine
asinh(x) hyperbolic arcsine
atan(x) arctangent
atanh(x) hyperbolic arctangent
cos(x) cosine
cosh(x) hyperbolic cosine
exp(x) exponential
log(x) natural logarithm
log10(x) common logarithm
pi(x) multiples of
sin(x) sine
sinh(x) hyperbolic sine
int (x) real to integer conversion
sqrt(x) square root
Two-argument functions

Multi-argument functions
8. The supported operators are listed below:
Symbol Meaning Example
+ binary + x+y
- binary - x-y
* multiplication, x*y
/ division x/y
** power x**y
+ unary + +1.0

Symbol Meaning Example
- unary - -1.0
9. The precedence of mathematical calculations follows the rules of Fortran language.

Parenthesis has a higher priority in the order of precedence than the operators listed in 8.
Two consecutive operators are allowed only if the second one is unary plus or minus.
Examples of operator precedence:
Expression Result
2**-3 0.128
1 / 2 +3 3.5
2*3-4 2.0
-2**3**2 -512.0
2 + -5 -3.0
2 * -5 -10.0
2 - -5 7.0
2/3/4 0.16666666…
2/(3/4) 2.6666666…
10. Functions can be defined in a layered format, for example, min(sin(x1), x2). There is no
limit on the number of layers.
11. The DEQATN entry is referenced by DRESP2 and/or DVPREL2 bulk data cards.
DRESP2 card, the variable identified by DVIDi, LABj, NRk, Gr and DPIP correspond to
variable arguments listed in the left-hand side of the first equation of a DEQATN card
identified by EQUID. The variable arguments x1 through xN (where N = n + m + p + q + s)
are assigned in the order DVID1, DVID2, …, DVIDn, LAB1, LAB2, …, LABm, NR1,NR2, …,
NRp, G1, …, Gq, DPIP1,…,DPIPS. In a DVPREL2 card, the variables identified by DVIDi and
LABj correspond to variable arguments listed in the left-hand side of the first equation of
a DEQATN card identified by EQUID. The variable arguments x1 through xN (where N = n
+ m) are assigned in the order DVID1, DVID2, …, DVIDn, LAB1, LAB2, …, LABm.
Only the computed value of the last expression (vn) is used by DRESP2 and/or DVPREL2
entry.
12. This card is represented as an optimizationfunction in HyperMesh.

Restrictions
Variable names longer than 8 characters are truncated, which may create an error in
equation if two names are identical after such truncation.
All trigonometric arguments are in radians.
Only alphanumeric characters may be used in variable names (that is do not use
underscores, monetary symbols, punctuation symbols, mathematical operators, letters
from non-English alphabet, and so on).
Mathematical function names (such as those listed in comment 7 above) should not be
used as variable names.
The following functions are not accepted:
DB()
DBA()
INVDB()
INVDBA()
Possible Errors
An informative error message with the DEQATN ID will be displayed if the parsing of the
equation fails. However, in certain cases, the following generic message will be provided:
Error 1690: This equation could not be parsed. See the DEQATN entry in the
OptiStruct manual.
This error message means that it was not possible to clearly identify the reason for the failure.
If this happens, check for the following possible causes, and contact ossupport@altair.com:
The length of the equation exceeds the 72 character per line limitation.
The last character of the equation is an operator.
There are two adjacent operators in the equation.

There are non-alphanumeric characters (besides operators) in the equation.

DESVAR
Bulk Data Entry
DESVAR – Design Variable
Description
Defines a design variable.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR ID LABEL XINIT XLB XUB DELXV DDVAL
+ RAND ITYPE P1 P2 P3
+ RANP ITYPE P1 P2 P3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 1 DV001 0.0 -1.0 1.0
Field Contents
ID Unique design variable identification number.
(Integer > 0)
LABEL User-defined name for the variable.
(Character)
XINIT Initial value for variable.
(Real between XLB and XUB)

Field Contents
XLB Design variable lower bound.
(Real)
XUB Design variable upper bound.
(Real)
DELXV Initial move limit for each design variable.

Size: fraction of the variable itself.
(Default = value of DOPTPRM parameter DELSIZ)
Shape: fraction of the range (XUB – XLB) of the variable.
(Default = value of DOPTPRM parameter DELSHP)
DDVAL ID of DDVAL entry that provides a set of discrete values.
(Blank or Integer > 0; Default = blank for continuous design variables)
RAND Random Design Variable
RAND flag indicating that the random design variable distribution parameters
for Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO).
ITYPE Type of Random Distribution (see comment 5):
(Character string)
NORM – Normal distribution
LOG – Logarithmic normal distribution
UNIF – Uniform distribution
TRIA – Triangular distribution
EXPO – Exponential distribution
WEIB – Weibull distribution
GUMB – Gumbel distribution
P1 The first distribution parameter (see comment 5)
(Real > 0.0)
P2 The second distribution parameter (see comment 5)

Field Contents
(Real > 0.0)
P3 The third distribution parameter (see comment 5)
(Real > 0.0)
Set it to zero, if this parameter does not exist
RANP Random Parameter
RANP flag indicating that the random parameter distribution parameters for
Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO).
Comments
1. Only the initial value of the move limits can be set. Move limits are automatically
adjusted to enhance iterative stability and convergence speed.
2. LABEL must begin with an alphabetical character, and cannot have embedded blanks.
3. If the design variable is discrete (Integer > 0 in DDVAL field), and if either XLB and/or XUB
bounds are wider than those given by the discrete list of values on the corresponding
DDVAL entry, XLB and/or XUB will be replaced by the minimum and maximum discrete
values.
4. Setting XINIT=XLB=XUB freezes the design variable.
5. The various distribution types are as follows:
Normal Distribution (NORM)
Log-normal Distribution (LOG)

Uniform distribution (UNIF)
Triangular distribution (TRIA)
Exponential distribution (EXPO)

Weibull distribution (WEIB)
Gumbel distribution (GUMB)
6. This card is represented as an optimization designvariable in HyperMesh

DESVARG
Bulk Data Entry
DESVARG – Design Variable Group Override
Description
Defines an override for design variable settings.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVARG ID INIT LB UB SET
Field Contents
ID Identification Number.
INIT Overrides the initial value setting for affected design variables. See
comment 1.
Default = blank (UB, LB, blank, Real or ANALYSIS)
LB Overrides the lower bound setting for affected design variables.
Default = blank (blank or Real)
UB Overrides the upper bound setting for affected design variables.
Default = blank (blank or Real)
SET Defines the design variables that are affected by this DESVARG entry. Can
either be the keyword ALL or the SID of a SET of type DESVAR.
Default = ALL (ALL or Integer)
Comments
1. If any of INIT, LB or UB are left blank, then no override is applied to the corresponding
field on affected DESVARs.

2. If INIT is defined as LB, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initial value is set to the
lower bound setting.
Likewise if INIT is defined as UB, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initial value is
set to the upper bound setting.
If, INIT is defined as ANALYSIS, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initialization is
accomplished based on the corresponding analysis properties.
Limitations for the ANALYSIS mode of initialization in the INIT field:
When a Design Variable is associated with multiple properties that have different
values.
When a Design Variable is associated with a property through DVPREL2
When a Design Variable is associated with a property through DVPREL1 with multiple
design variables.
When one of the three limitations occurs, a warning is issued and the Design Variable is
initialized based on the DESVAR card.
3. Multiple DESVARGs are allowed (DESVARGs are processed in the order of input).
4. If the bounds are invalid after DESVARG is applied, then an error will occur.

DGLOBAL
Bulk Data Entry
DGLOBAL – Input Data for Selecting the Global Search Option
Description
Defines input parameters required for the Global Search Option (GSO).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DGLOBA ID NGROU NPOINT SPMETH NOUTDE DESTOL

L P S
+ MAXSP MAXSUC MAXWAL MAXC PU

C L
+ GROUP SID1 NPOINT1 SPMETH1
+ GROUP SID2 NPOINT2 SPMETH2
+ … …
Field Contents
ID Each DGLOBAL card must have a unique ID.
NGROUP Number of groups of design variables. See comment 1.
Default = AUTO (Integer > 0, AUTO or blank)
NPOINT Number of starting points for each group of design variables. See
comment 1.
SPMETH Method used to generate the starting points. See comment 2.

Field Contents
Default = OFFSET (EXTREME, OFFSET or blank)
NOUTDES Number of unique designs to be saved. See comment 4.
Default = ALL (Integer > 0, ALL or blank)
DESTOL Unique design tolerance. See comment 4.
Default = 1% (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MAXSP Maximum number of starting points. See comment 5.
MAXSUCC Maximum number of consecutive starting points without finding a unique

design. See comment 5.
MAXWALL Maximum amount of WALL time (in hours). See comment 5.
Default = infinite (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MAXCPU Maximum amount of CPU time (in hours). See comment 5.
Default = infinite (Real > 0.0 or blank)
GROUP GROUP flag indicating that design variables grouping information is to

follow. See comment 3.
SID# Design variables SET identification number.
NPOINT# Number of starting points for the current group of design variables.
SPMETH# Method used to generate the starting points for the current group of
design variables.
Default = AUTO (EXTREME, OFFSET, AUTO or blank)

Comments
1. Design variables are automatically organized in groups, and design variables within a given
group are assigned the same relative starting points, such as their lower or upper bound.
With the AUTO option, OptiStruct determines NGROUP and NPOINT so as to generate a
reasonable and manageable number of starting points. Note that for small optimization
problems, each design variable might be assigned its own group. By default, the number
of groups is equal to the number of independent design variables with an upper limit of 10.
For larger optimization problems, design variables are grouped together in order to
consolidate the potential starting points.
2. With the EXTREME option, the lower and upper bounds are included in the list of starting
points; whereas with the OFFSET option, the lower and upper bounds are not considered
as starting points. In both cases, the starting points are distributed evenly.
3. In situations where finer control is required, design variables can be grouped manually by
creating DESVAR SETs. NPOINT# and SPMETH# can also be defined for individual groups.
If those parameters are not defined for a specific group, they inherit their value from the
generic NPOINT and SPMETH parameters.
4. The unique design tolerance DESTOL provides the threshold under which two designs are
considered identical. It is measured as the average of the relative differences between
the design variables at the last iteration. If such identical designs are found, the best
occurrence is preserved and other results are discarded. Up to NOUTDES unique designs
are saved in subdirectories named <filename_#s_#u>, where #s is the starting point and
#u is the rank of the unique design.
5. The global search option stops searching for optimal designs when any of the following
criteria has been met:
the maximum number of starting points (MAXSP) has been reached

the maximum number of consecutive starting points without finding a unique design
(MAXSUCC) has been reached
the maximum amount of WALL time (MAXWALL) has been reached or exceeded
the maximum amount of CPU time (MAXCPU) has been reached or exceeded
all possible starting points have been explored

6. In general, it is recommended to run the global search option with the default parameters,
except for the termination criteria.
7. The DGLOBAL bulk data entry is referenced by the DGLOBAL command in the I/O section
of the input data.

DIM
Bulk Data Entry
DIM – Dimension Definition
Description
Defines a link between a DIM# field on a PBARL or PBEAML property and either the thickness
on a PSEC definition or the y or z coordinate on a GRIDS definition; it is used in the definition
of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DIM DIMID T PID
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DIM DIMID G GID C OORD
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DIM 1 T 10
Field Contents
DIMID Dimension identification number. The number of a cross-section dimension

field on a PBARL, or PBEAML property definition.
T Thickness flag. Indicates that the dimension definition is related to a PSEC

thickness.

Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PSEC definition.
G Grid flag. Indicates that the dimension definition is related to a GRIDS

coordinate.
GID Identification number of a GRIDS definition.
COORD Coordinate.
No default (Y or Z)
Comments
1. DIMID may be repeated in a section definition, but a PSEC thickness or a GRIDS

coordinate must not be mentioned on more than one DIM entry within a section definition.

DLINK
Bulk Data Entry
DLINK – Design Variable Link
Description
The DLINK bulk data entry defines a link between one design variable and one or more other
design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLINK ID DDVID C0 C MULT IDV1 C1 IDV2 C2
IDV3 C3 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLINK 55 3 0.2 0.45 5 2.0 10 5.5
15 -3.0
Field Contents
ID Unique DLINK identification number.
(Integer > 0)
DDVID Identification number of the Dependent Design Variable.
(Integer > 0)
C0 Constant.

Field Contents
CMULT Constant multiplier.
IDVi Identification number of the Independent Design Variable.
(Integer > 0)
Ci Coefficient multiplier for IDVi.
(Real)
Comments
1. DLINK defines the relationship.
This capability allows physical and non-physical design variables to be related such as
shell thickness and interpolating functions.
2. Independent IDVi’s can occur on the same DLINK entry only once.
3. CMULT and Ci can be used together to provide a simple means of scaling.
4. This card is represented as an optimization designvariablelink in HyperMesh.

DLINK2
Bulk Data Entry
DLINK2 – Design Variable Link Defined by User-supplied Equation
Description
Defines a link of one design variable to one or more other design variables defined by a
DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and the
constants defined on the DTABLE card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLINK2 ID DDVID EQUID

or FUNC
DESVAR DVID1 DVID2 DVID3 DVID4 DVID5 DVID6 DVID7
DVID8 DVID9 etc.
DTABLE LABL1 LABL2 LABL3 LABL4 LABL5 LABL6 LABL7
LABL8 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLINK2 201 7 101
DESVAR 5 6

Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 5 X 0.0 -1.0 1.0
DESVAR 6 Y 0.0 -1.0 1.0
DESVAR 7 R 0.0 -1.0 1.0
DEQATN 101 RADIUS(X,Y) = SQRT(X**2+Y**2)
Field Contents
ID Relationship identity. Each DVPREL2 card must have a unique ID.
DDVID Identification number of Dependent Design Variable.
(Integer > 0)
EQID Equation ID of DEQATN data.
FUNC Function to be applied to the arguments. See comment 2.
(Character)
DESVAR DESVAR flag indicating DESVAR ID numbers follow.
DVIDi DESVAR ID.
DTABLE DTABLE flag indicating DTABLE labels follow.
LABLi Constant label on DTABLE card.
No default (Character)

Comments
1. The main application for this entity is to link shape design variables with each other
through equations. DVPREL2 should be used for linking sizing design variables with each
other through equations.
2. The following functions can be used instead of an EQUID. If FUNC is used, the DEQATN
entry is no longer needed. The functions are applied to all arguments on the DLINK2
regardless of their type.
Function Description Formula
SUM Sum of arguments
AVG Average of arguments
SSQ Sum of square of arguments
Square root of sum of squares of

RSS
arguments
MAX Maximum of arguments
MIN Minimum of arguments
SUMABS Sum of absolute value of arguments
Average of absolute value of

AVGABS
arguments
MAXABS Maximum of absolute arguments
Minimum of absolute value of

MINABS
arguments
3. This card is represented as an optimization designvariablelink in HyperMesh.

DLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
DLOAD – Dynamic Load Combination or Superposition
Description
Defines a dynamic loading condition for frequency response problems as a linear combination
of load sets defined via RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries, or for transient problems as a linear
combination of load sets defined via TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLOAD SID S S1 L1 S2 L2 S3 L3
S4 L4 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DLOAD 5 1.0 2.0 101 2.0 102 2.0 103
-2.0 201
Field Contents
SID Load set identification number.
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
S# Scale factors.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
L# Load set identification numbers of RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 or TLOAD1 and

TLOAD2 entries.
Comments
with DLOAD=SID. (See I/O Options and Subcase Information DLOAD entry).
2. The load vector being defined by this entry is given by:
3. Each L# must be unique from any other L# on the same entry.
4. SID must be unique from all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 or TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries.
5. A DLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another DLOAD
entry.
6. RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 loads and TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 loads may be combined only through
the use of the DLOAD entry.

DMIG
Bulk Data Entry
DMIG – Direct Matrix Input at Points
Description
Defines direct input matrices related to grid points. The matrix is defined by a single header
entry and one or more column entries. A column entry is required for each column with non-
zero elements.
Header Entry Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DMIG NAME "0" IFO TIN TOUT NC OL
Column Entry Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DMIG NAME GJ CJ G1 C1 A1
G2 C2 A2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DMIG STIF 0 9 1 0 2
DMIG STIF 27 1 120 3 3.+5
120 4 2.5+10
DMIG STIF 28 1 123 3 6.+7
123 4 4.1+8

Field Contents
NAME Name of the matrix -- See comment 1.
No default (One to eight alphanumeric characters, the first must be

alphabetic)
IFO Form of matrix input.
No default (6 = Symmetric, 9 = rectangular)
TIN Type of matrix being input. (Ignored)
All data is read in as double precision. The number of significant digits is

equal to the number of digits in the input. The input can be free, short fixed
field, or long fixed field data.
TOUT Type of matrix that will be created. (Ignored)
All data is stored internally as double precision.
NCOL Number of columns in a rectangular matrix. Must be used when IFO = 9. Not
used when IFO = 6.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, or blank)
GJ Grid point identification number for column index.
CJ Component number for grid point GJ.
Gi Grid point identification number for row index.
Ci Component number for Gi for a grid point.
No default (0 < CJ < 6)
Ai Real value of a matrix element.
No default (Real)

Comments
1. Matrices may be selected for all solution sequences by the structural matrices before
constraints are applied.
2. The header entry containing IFO is required. Each no-null column is started with a GJ, CJ
pair. The entries for each row of that column follow. Only non-zero terms need be
entered. The terms may be input in arbitrary order. A GJ, CJ pair may be entered more
than once, but input of an element of the matrix more than once will produce a fatal
message.
3. Field 3 of the header entry must contain an integer 0.
4. A given off-diagonal element may be input either below or above the diagonal. While
upper and lower triangle terms may be mixed, a fatal message will be issued if an element
is input both below and above the diagonal.
5. The matrix names must be unique among all DMIGs.
6. The recommended format for rectangular matrices requires the use of NCOL and IFO = 9.
The number of columns in the matrix is NCOL. (The number of rows in all DMIG matrices is
always g-set size). The GJ term is used for the column index. The CJ term is ignored.
8. The DMIG matrices can be multiplied by real numbers and combined when referenced by
the K2GG, M2GG, K42GG, K2PP, B2GG, and A2GG data.
9. The DMIG matrices can be multiplied by real numbers as they are assembled into the
global matrices using the PARAM data C2K, CP2, CB2, and CM2 for K2GG, K2PP, B2GG, and
M2GG data respectively.

DMIGMOD
Bulk Data Entry
DMIGMOD – H3DDMIG Modification
Description
Defines changes in the contents of a super element from H3DDMIG input.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DMIGMO MTXNAM SHFGID SHFSPI SHFSPID_ SHFC ID SHFEID SHFRID

D E D F
HYBDAM METHOD SDAMP KDAMP METHOD_ SDAMP_ KDAMP_

P F F F
ORIGIN A1 A2 A3
GIDMAP GID1 GID1A GID2 GID2A GID3 GID3A
C IDMAP C ID1 C ID1A C ID2 C ID2A C ID3 C ID3A
RELOC PA1 PA2 PA3 PB1 PB2 PB3
Field Contents
MTXNAME Matrix name defined on ASSIGN,H3DDMIG.
No default (1 to 6 characters)
SHFGID All Grid identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the
specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur (see
comment 2).
Default = blank (Integer, or blank)
SHFSPID All SPOINT identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the

Field Contents
comment 2).
SHFSPID_F All Fluid SPOINT identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the
comment 2).
SHFCID All Coordinate System identification numbers in the superelement are shifted
by the specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur
(see comment 2).
SHFEID All Element identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the
comment 2).
SHFRID All Rigid Element identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by
the specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur (see
comment 2).
HYBDAMP Keyword for the remaining data for superelement damping.
METHOD Identification number of EIGRL card. Hybrid damping would be applied on the
superelements for the modes referred by EIGRL card. If blank, then applied
damping on all the modes.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, or blank)
SDAMP Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for modal damping.
KDAMP If KDAMP is set to -1, viscous modal damping is entered into the complex
stiffness matrix as structural damping instead of viscous damping.
Default = 1 (Integer)

Field Contents
METHOD_F Identification number of EIGRL card. Hybrid damping would be applied on the
fluid part of superelement for the modes referred by the EIGRL card. If
blank, then modal damping is applied damping to all the fluid modes.
SDAMP_F Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for fluid modal damping of the
superelement.
KDAMP_F If KDAMP_F is set to -1, viscous modal damping is entered into the complex
stiffness matrix as structural damping instead of viscous damping.
ORIGIN Keyword for defining the new ORIGIN for DMIG.
A1,A2,A3 Defines the new location of the origin of the DMIG.
GIDMAP Keyword for defining mapped grid ID pairs.
GIDn,GIDnA Mapped grid ID pairs.
CIDMAP Keyword for defining mapped coordinate system ID pairs.
CIDn,CIDnA Mapped coordinate system ID pairs.
RELOC Keyword indicating that matching grid point ID pairs in the residual structure
and superelement are to follow (see comment 1).
PA1, PA2, ID’s of three non-collinear grid points in the residual structure.
PA3
PB1, PB2, ID’s of three non-collinear grid points in the superelement that will be
PB3 matched to corresponding grid points in the residual structure (defined by
PA1, PA2 and PA3).
Comments
1. The RELOC entry and its related fields define three matching grid point pairs on the
residual structure and the superelement. The superelement defined using ASSIGN,
H3DDMIG is relocated (translated and rotated, as required) such that the three non-

collinear grids PB1, PB2, and PB3 coincide with PA1, PA2, and PA3, respectively on the
residual structure.
Figure 1: Matching three grids on the superelement with grids on the residual structure
2. Identification numbers of certain entities in a superelement can be modified during

H3DDMIG input. Negative integers can be input in the shift fields on this entry (see fields
beginning with ‘SHF’ above), however, care should be taken to ensure that the
identification numbers are not shifted to negative values. The values of identification
numbers after shifting should always be greater than zero, otherwise, the run will error
out.

DOBJREF
Bulk Data Entry
DOBJREF – Design Objective for Minmax Problems
Description
Defines a response and its reference values for a minmax (maxmin) optimization problem.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DOBJREF DOID RID SID NEGREF POSREF LOWFQ HIGHFQ

/ LID / UID
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DOBJREF 22 3 ALL -1.0 1.0
DOBJREF 22 5 ALL -1.0 1.0
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 3 TOP DISP 3 488
DRESP1 5 BOTTOM DISP 3 601
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DOBJREF 23 14 ALL -1.0 1.0

Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 3 TOP DISP 3 488
DRESP1 5 BOTTOM DISP 3 601
Field Contents
DOID Design objective identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RID DRESP1 or DRESP2 identification number.
(Integer > 0)
SID Subcase identification number - use ALL if it applies to all subcases.
Default = ALL (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)
NEGREF/ LID NEGREF Reference value for a negative

response (should always be a
(Real < 0.0) negative real number or blank). See
Default = -1 comments 2, 3 and 5.
LID Table identification number of a

TABLEDi entry that specifies the
<Integer> negative reference as a function of
No default loading frequency. See comments
2, 3 and 5.
POSREF/ UID POSREF Reference value for a positive

response (should always be a
(Real > 0.0) positive real number or blank). See
Default = 1.0 comments 2, 3 and 5.
UID Table identification number of a

TABLEDi entry that specifies the
<Integer> positive reference as a function of
No default loading frequency. See comments
2, 3 and 5.

Field Contents
LOWFQ Lower bound on a loading frequency range.
HIGHFQ Upper bound on a loading frequency range.
Default = 1.0E+20 (Real > LOWFQ)
Comments
1. The same DOID can be used for multiple DOBJREF entries. If only one DOID is used, only
one MINMAX=DOID entry is needed in the Subcase Information section.
2. The use of reference values allows users to set up general minmax problems involving
different responses with different magnitudes. For these problems, the objective can be
defined as:
Minimize max(W1 ( x)/r1, W2 (x)/r 2 , ... Wk ( x)/ rk )
Or, alternatively:
Maximimze max(W1 ( x)/r 1, W2 ( x)/ r2 ,...Wk ( x)/ rk )
where, Wk are response values, and rk are corresponding reference values, which can
take different values depending on whether the response is positive or negative.
3. Typically, the target value or constraint value of a response can be used as its reference
value. So, instead of the traditional optimization problem where there is a single objective
and multiple constraints, the problem may be formulated as a minmax (maxmin)
optimization, where all the responses which were previously constrained are defined as
objectives and their bounds are used as reference values. This works toward pushing the
maximum ratio of response versus bound value as low as possible, thus increasing the
safety of the structure.
4. LOWFQ and HIGHFQ apply only to response types related to a frequency response
subcase (DRESPi, RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, FRPRES
and FRERP). The reference values NEGREF and POSREF are applied only if the loading
frequency falls between LOWFQ and HIGHFQ. If ATTB of DRESP1 specifies a frequency
value, LOWFQ and HIGHFQ are ignored.
5. LID and UID identify a loading frequency dependent tabular input using TABLEDi. They are
applied analogous to LOWFQ, HIGHFQ detailed in comment 4.
6. This card is represented as a designobjectivereference in HyperMesh.

DOPTPRM
Bulk Data Entry
DOPTPRM – Design Optimization Parameters
Description
Defines design optimization parameters by overriding the defaults.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DOPTPRM PARAM1 VAL1 PARAM2 VAL2 PARAM3 VAL3 PARAM4 VAL4
PARM5 VAL5 Etc …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DOPTPRM MINDIM 10.0 OBJTOL 0.01
Field Contents
PARAMi Parameter name. See below for allowable names.
VALi Parameter value.
(Real or Integer)
The available parameters and their values are listed below (click the parameter name for
detailed parameter descriptions).
Parameter Brief Description Value
APPROX Switch to select the approximation FULL or REDUCED

type for stress/strain responses of Default = FULL
shells, composites and 1-D elements.

CHECKER This option controls the 0 or 1

checkerboard-like element wise Default = 0
density distribution.
DDVOPT Control options for discrete design 1, 2, or 3

optimization. Default = 1
DELSHP The initial fractional move limit for Real > 0.0
topography/shape design variables Default = 0.2
(fractional difference between the
upper and lower bounds).
DELSIZ The initial fractional move limit for Real > 0

size design variables. Default = 0.5
DELTOP The initial fractional move limit for Real > 0

topology and free-size design Default = 0.5
variables.
DESMAX or Defines the maximum number of Integer > 0

MAXITER design iterations. Default = 30, or if MINDIM is
defined, default = 80
DISCRETE Discreteness parameter. Influences Real > 0.0

the tendency for elements in a
topology optimization to converge to Defaults
a material density of 0 or 1. 1.0 – general default.
2.0 - for solid dominant

structures with member size
control and no manufacturing
constraints.
DISCRT1D Discreteness parameter for 1-D Real > 0.0

elements. Default = DISCRETE
ESLMAX Maximum number of outer design Integer > 0

loops in the design of Multi-body Default = 30
dynamic systems and for nonlinear
optimization using ESLM.
ESLSOPT Controls the time step screen <0, 1>

strategy in the design of multi-body Default = 1
dynamic systems.

ESLSTOL Controls the tolerance for screening 0.0 < Real < 1.0
out time steps in the design of multi- Default = 0.3
body dynamic systems.
GBUCK Controls the global buckling YES, NO, 1 or 0

constraint. Default = 0
MATINIT Defines the initial material fraction. Real between 0.0 and 1.0
MAX_BUCK Controls the maximum number of Integer > 0

buckling eigenvalues to be considered Default = 15
for each buckling subcase in an
optimization problem.
MINDENS Sets the minimum element material Real > 0.0

density. Default = 0.01
MINDIM Specifies the minimum diameter of Real > 0.0

members formed in a topology Default = no minimum member
optimization. size control
MMCHECK Parameter to ensure a checkerboard- Integer = 0,1

free solution. Default = 0
NESLEXPD Specifies the number of time steps Integer > 0

retained for optimization from each Default = 20
EXPDYN subcase. At each time step,
one ESL is generated.
NESLIMPD Specifies the number of time steps Integer > 0

IMPDYN subcase. At each time step,
NESLNLGM Specifies the number of time steps Integer > 0

NLGEOM subcase. At each time step,
OBJTOL Relative convergence criterion. Real > 0.0

Default = 0.005
OPTMETH Options to choose the optimization MFD, SQP, DUAL, BIGOPT

algorithm. Default = See descriptions
REMESH Parameter to activate the remeshing Integer = 0,1

process. Default = 0
SHAPEOPT Optional parameter to select an <1, 2>

alternative shape optimization Default = 1
algorithm.
TMINPLY Defines the minimum ply thickness 0.0 < Real < min(Ti)
allowed for all plies of PCOMP’s
selected by DSIZE or DTPL design
variable definitions.
Comments
1. Some of the parameters may also be defined as separate entities in the I/O section of the
deck, using the previous (OS3.5) input format. Only one definition is allowed.
2. This card is represented as an opticontrols in HyperMesh.

DOPTPRM, APPROX
Parameter Values Description
APPROX < FULL or Approximation type switch for stress/strain responses for
REDUCED > shells, composites and 1D elements.
Default =
FULL When REDUCED is chosen, some stress/strain responses will
use the constant force approximation. This method has the
benefit of reducing the memory requirement for large
optimization problems (many stress/strain responses for
many size design variables). Another benefit is the reduction
in runtime if the bottleneck occurs due to sensitivity
analysis. You are encouraged to try the REDUCED option for
the large size optimization model, and, if the FULL option
results in the error 832 (Optimization problem is too big to be
solved by OptiStruct).

DOPTPRM, CHECKER
CHECKER < 0 or 1 > Checkerboard control option.

Default = 0
Use 0 for no checkerboard control.
Use 1 for global checkerboard control.
This option controls checkerboard-like element wise density

distribution.
The undesired side effect is that a layer of semi-dense

elements will remain at the transition from solid (fully dense
domain) to void. To reduce this side effect, you can
activate minimum member size control (MEMBSIZ on DTPL)
which has built-in checkerboard control.
MINDIM can be smaller than the mesh size if a large member

size is not desired. Minimum member size control has a 3-
phase iterative process in which the final phase targets the
removal of the semi-dense element layer. If manufacturing
constraints are applied, minimum member size control is
always activated. However, the final iterative phase will not
target the removal of semi-dense elements, as this may
have an adverse effect on manufacturing constraint
preservation.

DOPTPRM, DDVOPT
DDVOPT < 1, 2, 3 > Discrete Design Variable Option.

Default = 1
Use 1 for full discrete design optimization.
Use 2 for two-phased approach, a continuous

optimization phase followed by a discrete optimization
phase (starting from the continuous optimum).
Use 3 for a continuous optimization regardless of DDVAL

definitions. The bounds will be affected by DDVAL if
DDVAL bounds are more restrictive than those defined
on DESVAR.

DOPTPRM, DELSHP
DELSHP Real > 0.0 Initial fractional move limit for topography/shape design
Default = 0.2 variables. Defined as the fractional difference between
the upper and lower bounds.
Only the initial value of the move limits can be set.

Move limits are automatically adjusted to enhance
iterative stability and convergence speed.
The move limits for subsequent iterations may not be

greater than this initial move limit.

DOPTPRM, DELSIZ
DELSIZ Real > 0 Initial fractional move limit for size design variables.
Default = 0.5


DOPTPRM, DELTOP
DELTOP Real > 0 Initial fractional move limit for topology and free-size
Default = 0.5 design variables.



DOPTPRM, DESMAX or MAXITER
DESMAX or Integer > 0 Maximum number of design iterations.

Default = 30
MAXITER
or if MINDIM is
defined, Default =
80

DOPTPRM, DISCRETE
DISCRETE Real > 0.0 Discreteness parameter. Influences the tendency for
elements in a topology optimization to converge to a
Defaults material density of 0 or 1. Higher values decrease the
1.0 – general number of elements that remain between 0 and 1.
default.
Note: Recommended bounds are 0.0 and 2.0 for shells,
2.0 - for solid or 3.0 for solids.
dominant
structures with
member size
control and no
manufacturing
constraints.

DOPTPRM, DISCRT1D
DISCRT1D Real > 0.0 Discreteness parameter for 1D elements. Same

Default = DISCRETE effect as DISCRETE, but applies only to 1D
elements. It is often desirable to have a higher
discreteness for 1D elements than for 2D or 3D
elements.

DOPTPRM, ESLMAX
ESLMAX Integer > 0 Maximum number of outer design loops in the design
Default = 30 of multi-body dynamics systems, and for nonlinear
optimization using the equivalent static load
method.
If 0, then the optimization process is not activated.

DOPTPRM, ESLSOPT
ESLSOPT < 0, 1 > Controls the time step screen strategy in the design
Default = 1 of multi-body dynamics systems.
1 – Screens out time steps that do not play an

important role in the design of multi-body dynamics
systems.
0 – Does not screen out time steps. All of the steps

in the multi-body dynamics analysis are involved in
the design process. Refer to Equivalent Static Load
Method (ESLM) for more information.

DOPTPRM, ESLSTOL
ESLSTOL 0.0 < Real < 1.0 Controls the tolerance for screening out time steps
Default = 0.3 in the design of multi-body dynamic systems. Valid
only when DOPTPRM, ESLSOPT is 1.
The smaller value it has, the smaller number of time

steps the design process handles, which makes the
design process even faster. Too small a value may
cause the design process to diverge though.
Therefore, if the number of time steps retained by
ESLSTOL is less than 10, the 10 most dominant time
steps will be involved in the optimization process. If
the value is 1.0, this is equivalent to DOPTPRM,
ESLSOPT, 0. That is, all of the steps in the multi-
body dynamic analysis are involved in the design
process, which causes more CPU time to be used.

DOPTPRM, GBUCK
GBUCK YES, NO, 1 or 0 Controls global buckling constraint.

Default = 0
Use 0, NO, or omit this parameter for no global buckling
constraint.
Use 1 or YES to activate global buckling constraint.
When activated, the global buckling constraint affects

those subcases in which buckling eigenvalues (LAMA) are
constrained. For these subcases, when this parameter is
activated, only a single buckling mode needs to be
constrained with a lower bound. The GBUCK parameter
will then ensure that all buckling eigenvalues that are
less than or equal to the lower bound defined in this
constraint will be considered within the optimization
problem.
More than one buckling eigenvalue constraint (or if the

single constraint is not a lower bound) in any buckling
subcase will cause termination with an error.
The MAX_BUCK parameter on the DOPTPRM card controls

the maximum number of buckling modes for each subcase
that are considered in the optimization. The EIGRL card
referenced in the buckling subcase controls the number
of modes calculated at each iteration.

DOPTPRM, MATINIT
MATINIT Real between This parameter declares the initial material fraction. For
0.0 and 1.0 topology optimization runs with mass as the objective,
default is 0.9. For runs with constrained mass, the
default is reset to the constraint value. If mass is not
the objective function and is not constrained, the
default is 0.6.

DOPTPRM, MAX_BUCK
MAX_BUCK Integer > 0 Controls maximum number of buckling eigenvalues to be

Default = 15 considered for each buckling subcase in the optimization
problem.
Can only exist if GBUCK exists.
Only up to MAX_BUCK eigenvalues are considered for

each buckling subcase.
If the user-defined MAX_BUCK is less than 15 when auto

screening is turned on, MAX_BUCK will be reset to 15.
If more buckling modes need to be involved for a
problem, explicitly specify MAX_BUCK (MAX_BUCK>15).
To reduce the computational cost, OptiStruct
automatically and dynamically adjusts the upper bound
of the eigenvalue range on the EIGRL card for each
buckling subcase at each iteration and only the
eigenvalues that are possibly retained in the
optimization would be calculated.

DOPTPRM, MINDENS
MINDENS Real > 0.0 Minimum element material density. Sets a lower limit
Default = 0.01 on the amount of material that can be assigned to any
design element. Extremely low values for this
parameter can result in an ill-conditioned stiffness
matrix.

DOPTPRM, MINDIM
MINDIM Real > 0.0 Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed
Default = no in a topology optimization. This command is used to
minimum member eliminate small members.
size control

DOPTPRM, MMCHECK
MMCHECK Integer = 0,1 The use of this parameter, in conjunction with MINDIM,
Default = 0 will ensure a checkerboard-free solution, although with
the undesired side effect of achieving a solution that
involves a large number of semi-dense elements, similar
to the result of using CHECKER=1. Therefore, use this
parameter only when it is necessary.

DOPTPRM, NESLEXPD
NESLEXPD Integer > 0 This parameter specifies the number of time steps
Default = 20 retained for optimization from each EXPDYN subcase.
At each time step, one ESL (equivalent static load) is
generated.
The termination time (TTERM) of the subcase is always

retained.
If 0, all of the time steps are retained.
The total number of time steps is determined by the

duration of the subcase (difference in TTERM between
current and previous subcases) and animation output
control (TA0 and DTA on XSTEP card).
While retaining fewer time steps will result in less

computational time in the inner loop of the ESL method,
very low number of retained time steps could result in
many outer loops required or even divergence of the
solution in the outer loop.

DOPTPRM, NESLIMPD
NESLIMPD Integer > 0 This parameter specifies the number of time steps
Default = 20 retained for optimization from each IMPDYN subcase.
generated.

retained.

control (TA0 and DTA on TSTEPNX card).

a very low number of retained time steps could result in

DOPTPRM, NESLNLGM
NESLNLGM Integer > 0 This parameter specifies the number of time steps
Default = 1 retained for optimization from each NLGEOM subcase.
generated.

retained.

control (TA0 and DTA on NLPARMX card).

a very low number of retained time steps could result in

DOPTPRM, OBJTOL
OBJTOL Real > 0.0 Relative convergence criterion. If relative change in

Default = 0.005 the objective function between two design iterations is
less than OBJTOL, then optimization stops.
A relative change in the objective function of 0.005 is

the same as a 0.5% change in the objective function.

DOPTPRM, OPTMETH
OPTMETH < MFD, SQP, Options to choose the optimization algorithm:

DUAL, BIGOPT >
Default = See MFD = Method of feasible directions
description and SQP = Sequential Quadratic Programming
Note DUAL = Dual Optimizer based on separable convex
approximation.
BIGOPT = Large scale optimization algorithm.
The DUAL algorithm should be used for concept level

optimization (Topology, free-size and Topography) since
such problems typically involve a very large number of
design variables.
For size and shape optimization, primal methods (MFD

and SQP) and BIGOPT are more suitable since the
approximate problem typically involves coupled terms due
to advanced approximation formulation utilizing
intermediate variables and responses. MFD has been and
remains the default optimizer.
Note:
During a run, the corresponding optimization algorithms

are automatically selected by OptiStruct based on the
optimization type. The use of this parameter will override
the defaults.

DOPTPRM, REMESH
REMESH Integer = 0, 1 This parameter specifies if the remeshing process will

Default = 0 be activated when the optimization runs into element
quality error.
1 – Yes. When optimization runs into element quality

error, the remeshing process will be activated to
improve element quality. After remeshing is completed,
the optimization process will then continue based on
the remeshed model.
0 – No. The remeshing process will not be activated

regardless of whether element quality error occurs.
Note:
1. When an optimization run results in element quality

error (usually during Shape, Free-shape or
Topography optimization), OptiStruct calls
HyperMesh in batch mode. The model from the
latest optimization iteration is automatically loaded
into HyperMesh and remeshing is performed to
improve element quality.
HyperMesh, then automatically exports a new input

deck named *_rmsh###.fem (### = 001, 002, 003,
represents the remeshing round number) that is
loaded into OptiStruct to continue the optimization
run with the remeshed model.
2. When an element quality error occurs, OptiStruct

12.0.210 will automatically check the HyperMesh
version.
If HyperMesh version 12.0.110 or later is installed,

the new function *remesh_optistruct will be
called to accomplish the remeshing process. For all
other versions (HyperMesh 12.0 or earlier) an old
function, previously used in 12.0, is called.
3. Installing the latest version of HyperMesh

(12.0.110 or later) is recommended to access all
the latest improvements in the
*remesh_optistruct function.

DOPTPRM, SHAPEOPT
SHAPEOPT Integer = 1, 2 Defines an optional parameter to select an alternative

Default = 1 shape optimization algorithm. This algorithm can be
selected when non-moving shapes are encountered in
the optimization.
1 – Default algorithm for shape optimization.
2 – Selects the alternate algorithm for shape

optimization.
If discrete design variables are present, it is

recommended to use this parameter along with design
optimization parameter, DDVOPT=2.

DOPTPRM, TMINPLY
TMINPLY 0.0 < Real < min(Ti) Defines the minimum ply thickness allowed for all
plies of PCOMPs selected by DSIZE or DTPL design
variable definitions. Should be smaller than the
minimum of all relevant Ti on the selected PCOMPs.
Check its compatibility with volume constraint if
applied. Note also that for volume fraction
calculation, TMINPLY is not treated as none design
volume in the same way as T0 for regular PSHELLs.
Buckling responses for composite structures may be

considered for free-size and topology optimization
when this parameter is non-zero.

DPHASE
Bulk Data Entry
DPHASE – Dynamic Load Phase Lead
Description
Defines the phase lead term in the equation of the dynamic loading function. DPHASE is
used in conjunction with RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DPHASE SID P1 C1 TH1 P2 C2 TH2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DPHASE 5 33 1 3.4 34 1 3.4
Field Contents
P1, P2 Grid or scalar point identification number.
C1, C2 Component number.
No default (Integers 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
TH1, TH2 Phase lead in degrees.
No default (Real)

Comments
1. One or two dynamic load phase lead terms may be defined on a single entry.
2. SID must be referenced on a RLOAD1 or RLOAD2 entry for the formulae that define how
the phase lead is used.
3. A DAREA entry should be used to define a load at P# and C#.

DRAPE
Bulk Data Entry
DRAPE – Draping Information for Ply-based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the draping data for plies used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRAPE ID
DTYPE1 DID1 T1 THETA1
DTYPE2 DID2 T2 THETA2
...
Field Contents
ID Unique draping identification number.
DTYPE# Entity type.
No default (ELEM, SET, or ALL)
DID# Entity number. Must refer to an element (for ELEM) or SET (for
SET) bulk data entry. Must be blank for ALL.
T# Thinning factor.
THETA# Angle variation.

DREPADD
Bulk Data Entry
DREPADD – Addition of Response Selection to be Reported without being Constrained
Description
Creates a combination of several DREPORT sets that can be referenced by a subcase.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DREPAD DRID DR1 DR2 DR3 Dr4 DR5 DR6 DR7

D
DR8 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DREPAD 101 10 20 30
D
Field Contents
DRID DREPADD identification number.
(Integer > 0)
DRi DREPORT ID number.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The DREPADD entry is selected by a REPSUB or REPGLB in the Subcase Information

section.
2. All DRi must be unique.
3. All DRID must be unique with respect to all DRi (DREPORT IDs).

DREPORT
Bulk Data Entry
DREPORT – Report Unconstrained Responses
Description
The DREPORT card is used in the bulk data section to report responses, defined by DRESP1,
DRESP2 and DRESP3 cards, to the output file, which are not constrained or used as the
objective function, as defined by the optimization problem.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DREPOR DRID RID LALLOW UALLOW NL NU

T
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DREPOR 1 1 1.0 5.0 2 5

T
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 1 TOPN DISP 3 4668
Field Contents
DRID Report identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RID DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
LALLOW Optional lower bound on response for reporting purposes.
(Real or blank)
UALLOW Optional upper bound on response for reporting purposes.
(Real or blank)
NL Optional number of lowest responses to report. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
NU Optional number of highest response to report. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
Comments
1. The DREPORT DRID is selected in the Subcase Information section by the REPSUB or
REPGLB cards and/or referenced by the DREPADD card.
2. For any DRID, the associated RID can be referenced only once.
3. If NL=1, only the lowest response in the range [LALLOW, UALLOW] (if specified) is
reported. If NU=1, only the highest response in the range [LALLOW, UALLOW] (if
specified) is reported.

DRESP1
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP1 – Optimization Design Response
Description
A response, or set of responses, that are the result of a design analysis iteration. These
responses can be used as a design objective or as design constraints.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 ID LABEL RTYPE PTYPE REGION ATTA ATTB ATT1
ATT2 … … … … … … …
EXC L EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6 EID7
EID8 … … …
EXTN RANDID
Examples
The maximum principal stress in PSHELL PID 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 99 SS11 STRESS PSHELL 7 1
or
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 99 SS11 STRESS PSHELL SMP1 1

The maximum principal stress in elements 2001-2004
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 88 SS11 STRESS ELEM 7 2001
2002 2003 2004
The combined mass of PSHELL PID 2, 4, 7
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 77 TMASS MASS PSHELL SUM 2
4 7
Field Contents
ID Response identification number. Each DRESP1 card must have a unique ID.
LABEL User-defined name for the response.
RTYPE Type of response that is defined – mass, volume, freq, disp, stress, etc.
No default (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for full list of
response types)
PTYPE If a property response, then PTYPE is the property type, for example,
PSHELL. It is used in conjunction with ATT1 to identify the unique
property. If an element response, then PTYPE = ELEM. It is used in
conjunction with ATTi to identify the element IDs. For material responses,
PTYPE is MAT and ATTi are material IDs. For grid responses, PTYPE is blank
and ATTi are grid IDs. (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for
further information).
No default (ELEM, MAT, PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPG, PLY, PROD, PSOLID,

PELAS, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PFBODY, MBREQM, MBREQE, or
blank)

Field Contents
REGION Region identifier.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank, See comment 2)
ATTA, The attributes of a response where further definition is required.

ATTB
No default (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for further
information)
ATTi PID, MID, EID, MBREQM ID, MBREQE ID, PFBODY ID or Grid ID as referenced
by PTYPE and RTYPE. (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for
further information).
EXCL EXCL flag indicating that IDs of elements excluded from the response
follow.
EIDi Element ID. For these elements, no response will be generated.
EXTN EXTN flag indicating that extended attribute definition follows. RANDID is
currently supported as an extended attribute definition and is the RANDPS
ID to which the response applies. See comments 30 and 31.
Responses and Attributes

Center of Gravity and Moment of Inertia Item Codes
Static Stress/Strain Item Codes
Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using PBARL, PBEAML Properties
Static Stress/Strain Item Codes for Composites
Static Failure Item Codes for Composites
Static Force Item Codes
Frequency Response Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Item Codes
Frequency Response Pressure Item Codes
Frequency Response Stress/Strain Item Codes
Frequency Response Force Item Codes
PSD/RMS Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Item Codes
PSD/RMS Pressure Item Codes
PSD/RMS Stress/Strain Item Codes
MBD Displacement Item Codes

MBD Velocity/Acceleration Item Codes
MBD Force Item Codes
Comments
1. VOLFRAC is equivalent to MATFRAC in previous versions of OptiStruct. MATFRAC is still

supported.
2. Responses of the same RTYPE with the same region identifier are grouped together into
the same region. If the region identifier is blank, elements identified by an ATTi field
(when PTYPE = ELEM) are grouped together into the same region, but for properties or
materials, each property or material identified by an ATTi field will form its own region.
Refer to the User's Guide section Constraint Screening for a more detailed explanation.
For composite responses (RTYPE = CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE; PTYPE = PCOMP,

PCOMPG), each ply is given its own region. However, if a region identifier is defined
explicitly for the entire lay-up (ATTB=ALL), this region identifier applies to all plies. It is
not recommended to do this.
3. DRESP1 entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP2 and
DRESP3 entries.
4. In normal modes analysis, the frequencies are in Hz (cycles/time).
5. The total displacement can be requested using ATTA=7; the total rotation using ATTA=8.
6. PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG can be selected for RTYPE = STRESS or RTYPE = STRAIN, in
which case homogenized stresses or strains are used. RTYPE = CSTRESS or RTYPE =
CSTRAIN should be used instead for composite responses.
7. Stresses are element stresses. For CBAR, CBEAM, stresses are normal (axial) stresses for
the element.
8. VOLFRAC and MASSFRAC can only be applied to topology design domains. OptiStruct will
terminate with an error if this is not the case.
9. MASS, MASSFRAC, COG and INERTIA responses are not available for PBUSH, PDAMP,
PELAS, PGAP, PVISC, and PWELD.
10. VOLUME and VOLFRAC responses are not available for CONM2, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP,
PMASS, and PVISC.
11. The VOLUME of a single CWELD element is 1.0. The response then is the number of
welds.
12. WCOMP, WFREQ, COMB require the definition of WEIGHT and/or MODEWEIGHT subcase
commands. If WEIGHT or MODEWEIGHT are not defined, the following defaults apply:
RTYPE Applicable subcase commands Default
WCOMP WEIGHT in static subcases WEIGHT = 1.0 for all static subcases.
WFREQ MODEWEIGHT in normal modes MODEWEIGHT (1) = 1.0 in most cases for
subcase topology optimization.

RTYPE Applicable subcase commands Default
MODEWEIGHT (7) = 1.0 if no SPC is

defined for the subcase, EIGRL does not
define a V1 > 0.0, and it is solving for
more than 6 modes or all modes below an
upper bound.
COMB WEIGHT in static subcases WEIGHT = 1.0 for all static subcases.
MODEWEIGHT in normal modes

subcase
13. CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, and CFAILURE are only available for PCOMP, PCOMPG.
ATTB = # refers to a ply on a PCOMP.
Example: DRESP1, 12, PLY23, CSTRESS, PCOMP, SMAP, 23, 43.
ATTB = G# refers to a global ply on a PCOMPG.
Example: DRESP1, 12, GLOBAL11, CFAILURE, PCOMPG, HILL, G11, 17.
ATTB must be blank for PLY response type.
14. STRAIN responses not applicable for CELAS.
15. Composite Stress/Strain item codes S1Z and S2Z for Shear-1Z and Shear-2Z are for
CSTRESS only, these are not available for CSTRAIN.
16. Lower bound constraints are not allowed on von Mises stress.
17. LABEL must begin with an alphabetical character.
18. Responses that do not exist are ignored, and a warning is issued.
19. EXCL only applies to RTYPE = STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE,
FRSTRS, FRSTRN, and FRFORC response types.
20. For RTYPE = MASS, MASSFRAC, VOLUME, VOLFRAC, COG, INERTIA, BEADFRAC, and
COMP; ATTi can only be blank if PTYPE is also blank. ATTi blank means that all relevant
entities are included. They all belong to the same region for constraint screening.
21. For RTYPE=STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, and
CFAILURE; ATTi can only be blank if PTYPE is a property type (not allowed when PTYPE is
"ELEM"). ATTi blank means that all entities of the defined PTYPE are selected.
22. For RTYPE = MASS, MASSFRAC, MBMASS, VOLUME, VOLFRAC, COG, MBCOG, INERTIA,
MBINER, COMP, and BEADFRAC; ATTB = COMB results in the creation of a single response
for the combination of all ATTi entities.
23. For RTYPE=MASS, MBMASS, VOLUME, MBCOG, MBINER, COMP, MASSFRAC, and VOLFRAC;
ATTB=SUM is the same as ATTB=COMB.
24. For RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, FRERP, PSDDISP,
PSDVELO, PSDACCL, and PSDPRES the following functions can be applied through the
character input on ATTB. The formulas are applied across all loading frequencies. The
use of MAX can be very inefficient computationally and it is better to leave ATTB blank
and let constraint screening take care of it.


RSS
arguments
Sum of absolute value of

SUMABS
arguments

AVGABS
arguments

MINABS
arguments
25. For RTYPE = INERTIA, the Moment of Inertia is with reference to the center of gravity.
The Moment of Inertia of the whole model is referred to the center of gravity of the whole
model. The Moment of Inertia of each property or material is referred to the center of
gravity of that property or material.
26. For acoustic optimization, pressure responses are defined using RTYPE=FRPRES; however,
it is acceptable to define a pressure response on a fluid grid as RTYPE=FRDISP with ATTA
as one of M-TX, R-TX or I-TX, internally it will be converted to FRPRES (with M-TX/R-TX/
I-TX interpreted as M-PRES/R-PRES/I-PRES). Likewise, RTYPE=PSDDISP or RMSDISP are
accepted in place of PSDPRES or RMSPRES, respectively.
27. For RTYPE = MBDIS, MBVEL, MBACC, or MBFRC, the PTYPE must be MBREQM. These four
response types must be defined using MARKERs, and requested by MBREQM. For RTYPE =
MBEXPR, the PTYPE must be MBREQE. The response must be requested by MBREQE. For

RTYPE = MBMASS, MBCOG, or MBINER, the PTYPE must be PFBODY.
28. MBREQE referenced in DRESP1 must have single expression although MBREQE allows up to
6 expressions for analysis output.
29. MBD system level responses must be scalar quantities. Thus, THE ATTB field must have
one of the following - MAX, MIN, MAXABS, or MINABS so that time dependent vectors can
be converted to scalar quantities.
30. Legacy data with RANDPS ID defined on the PTYPE or ATTB entry is also supported.
31. A blank field for RANDID on the EXTN extended attributes entry indicates that all RANDPS
cards in the input file will be used.
32. “Cluster Size” represents the number of elements around the specified element whose
stress contributions are included in the calculation of the individual element’s stress
contribution. The contributions of the elements in the cluster are weighted based on their
distance to the center of the cluster (Available for Shell and Solid elements). Weighting
element stress contributions using “Cluster Size” is generally useful in models with stress
gradients or stress concentrations in the design space. If the stress distribution within
the selected element cluster is uniform, there may not be any significant difference in the
stress response. A separate result type “Element Stress Cluster” is available in the
_s#.h3d file and stress results based on element cluster response(s) can be viewed in
HyperView by selecting Element Stresses Cluster in the Result type: drop-down menu.
33. This card is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.

DRESP1 - Responses and Attributes
Response
RTYPE PTYPE ATTA ATTB ATTi EXTN
s
Mass MASS PTYPE, - COMB**, SUM PID, MID or -

"MAT", or or blank blank*
blank
Fraction of MASSFR PTYPE, - COMB**, SUM, PID, MID or -

mass AC "MAT", or or blank blank*
blank
Volume VOLUME PTYPE, - COMB**, SUM PID, MID or -

"MAT", or or blank blank*
blank
Fraction of VOLFRA PTYPE, - COMB**, SUM, PID, MID or -

design C "MAT", or or blank blank*
volume blank
Center of COG PTYPE, Center of COMB** PID, MID or -

Gravity "MAT", or Gravity item or blank blank*
blank code
Moment of INERTIA PTYPE, Moment of COMB** PID, MID or -

Inertia "MAT", or Inertia item or blank blank*
blank code
Complianc COMP PTYPE, - COMB**, SUM PID, MID or -

e of a "MAT", or or blank blank*
static blank
subcase
Static DISP - Static - Grid ID -

displaceme displacement
nt Component
Mode DISP - Component Mode # Grid ID -

shape
Frequency FREQ - Normal mode # - - -

of a
normal
mode

Response
s
Eigenvalue LAMA - Buckling mode - - -

of a #
buckling
mode
Static STRESS PTYPE or Static stress Cluster Size PID, EID -

stress of "ELEM" item code ****** or or blank***
homogeno blank
us material
Static STRAIN PTYPE or Static strain - PID, EID -

strain of "ELEM" item code or blank***
homogeno
us material
Static CSTRES "PCOMP", Composite ALL, Ply No. PID, EID, Ply -
stress in a S "PCOMPG" Stress item or ‘G#**** ID,
composite , "PLY", code (Default = 1) or blank***
or blank*****
lay-up or "ELEM"
Static CSTRAI "PCOMP", Composite ALL, Ply No. PID, EID, Ply -
strain in a N "PCOMPG" Strain item or ‘G#**** ID,
or blank*****
lay-up or "ELEM"
Static CFAILU "PCOMP", Composite ALL, Ply No. PID, EID, Ply -
failure in a RE "PCOMPG" Failure item or ‘G#**** ID,
or blank*****
lay-up or "ELEM"
Static FORCE PTYPE or Static force - PID, EID -

force "ELEM" item code or blank***
Frequency FRDISP - Frequency Frequency Value. Grid ID -

response Response (Blank, Real >
displacement 0.0 or Character)
displaceme component
nt
Frequency FRVELO - Frequency Frequency Value Grid ID -

velocity velocity 0.0 or Character)
component

Response
s
Frequency FRACCL - Frequency Frequency Value Grid ID -

acceleratio acceleration 0.0 or Character)
component
n
Frequency FRSTRS PTYPE Frequency Frequency Value PID, EID -

response or Response (Blank, Real > or blank***
stress "ELEM" Stress item 0.0 or Character)
code
Frequency FRSTRN PTYPE Frequency Frequency Value PID, EID -

strain "ELEM" Strain item 0.0 or
code Character)
Frequency FRFORC PTYPE Frequency Frequency Value PID, EID -

force "ELEM" Force item 0.0 or Character)
code
Frequency FRERP - - Frequency Value Panel ID

response (Blank, Real >
equivalent 0.0 or Character)
radiated
power
Acoustic FRPRES - M-PRES, R- Frequency Value. Grid ID -

pressure PRES or I- (Blank, Real >
PRES 0.0 or Character)
PSD PSDDIS - PSD/RMS item Frequency Value. GRID ID RANDPS

displaceme P code (Blank, Real > ID
nt 0.0 or Character)
Frequency Value.
PSD PSDVEL - PSD/RMS item (Blank, Real > GRID ID RANDPS
velocity O code 0.0 or Character) ID
PSD PSDACC - PSD/RMS item Frequency Value. GRID ID RANDPS

acceleratio L code (Blank, Real > ID
n 0.0 or Character)
PSD stress PSDSTR PTYPE PSD/RMS item Frequency PID, EID RANDPS
S or code Value or blank*** ID

Response
s
"ELEM" (Blank, Real >

0.0 or
Character)
PSD strain PSDSTR PTYPE PSD/RMS item Frequency PID, EID RANDPS
N or code Value or blank*** ID
"ELEM" (Blank, Real >
0.0 or
Character)
PSD PSDPRE - PRES Frequency GRID ID RANDPS

pressure S Value. ID
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or
Character)
RMS RMSDIS - PSD/RMS item - GRID ID RANDPS

displaceme P code ID
nt
RMS RMSVEL - PSD/RMS item - GRID ID RANDPS

velocity O code ID
RMS RMSAC - PSD/RMS item - GRID ID RANDPS

acceleratio CL code ID
n
RMS stress RMSSTR PTYPE PSD/RMS item - PID, EID RANDPS

S or code or blank*** ID
"ELEM"
RMS strain RMSSTR PTYPE PSD/RMS item - PID, EID RANDPS

N or code or blank*** ID
"ELEM"
RMS RMSPRE - PRES - GRID ID RANDPS

pressure S ID
Static WCOMP - - - - -
compliance
weighted
across all

Response
s
subcases
Frequency WFREQ - - - - -
weighted
across
reciprocal
eigenvalue
s
Combined COMB - - - - -
static
compliance
and
frequency
index
(Combined
Complianc
e Index)
Bead BEADFR - - COMB** or DTPGID -

discretene AC blank or blank*
ss fraction
for
topograph
y design
space
(0.0 <
BEADFRAC
< 1.0)
MBD MBDIS MBREQM MBD MAX, MIN, MBREQM ID -

displaceme Displacement MAXABS,
nt item code MINABS
MBD MBVEL MBREQM MBD Velocity MAX, MIN, MBREQM ID -

velocity item code MAXABS,
MINABS
MBD MBACC MBREQM MBD MAX, MIN, MBREQM ID -

acceleratio Acceleration MAXABS,
n item code MINABS
MBD force MBFRC MBREQM MBD Force MAX, MIN, MBREQM ID -

Response
s
item code MAXABS,

MINABS
MBD MBEXPR MBREQE - - MBREQE ID -

expression
Mass of MBMAS PFBODY - COMB, SUM or PFBODY ID -

flexible S blank
body
Center of MBCOG PFBODY Center of COMB, SUM or PFBODY ID -

gravity of Gravity item blank
flexible code
body
Moment of MBINER PFBODY Moment of COMB, SUM or PFBODY ID -

inertia of Inertia item blank
flexible code
body
Fatigue FATIGU PTYPE or LIFE, DAMAGE - PID, EID or -

results E "ELEM" or FOS blank***
Temperatu TEMP - - - Grid ID -

re
SPC Component ID
SPCFOR - - Grid ID -
Forces CE (1-6) –
(Reaction Degrees of
forces/ Freedom
moments)
Grid point Component ID

GPFORC Grid ID - EID -
force E (1-6) –
balance Degrees of
results Freedom
* ATTi can only be blank when PTYPE is also blank, and means that all relevant
entities will be included. See comment 20 on the DRESP1 page.
** ATTB = COMB – Response represents a single response for the combination of all

Response
s
ATTi entities. See comment 22 on the DRESP1 page.
*** ATTi can only be blank when a property type is defined in the PTYPE field (not
allowed for "ELEM"), and means that all entities of the defined property type will
be selected. See comment 21 on the DRESP1 page.
**** ATTB = G# – # is the number of the global ply defined on a PCOMPG. See
comment 13 on the DRESP1 page.
***** ATTB must be Blank for PLY response type. See comment 13 on the DRESP1
page.
****** ATTB = Cluster Size represents the number of elements in a cluster for which
Stress Constraints need to be defined. See comment 32 on the DRESP1 page.

DRESP1 - Static Stress/Strain Item Codes
Element Stress/Strain Item ASCII Code Number Code *
CELAS Stress/Strain S 2
CROD Both ends SAB -
End A SA 2
End B SB 2
CBAR** All stresses/strains SALL -
End A pt. C SAC 2
End A pt. D SAD 3
End A pt. E SAE 4
End A pt. F SAF 5
End B pt. C SBC 10
End B pt. D SBD 11
End B pt. E SBE 12
End B pt. F SBF 13
Max end A SAMAX 7
Max end B SBMAX 14

CBEAM** All stresses/strains SALL -
End A pt. C SAC 4
End A pt. D SAD 5
End A pt. E SAE 6
End A pt. F SAF 7
End B pt. C SBC 104
End B pt. D SBD 105
End B pt. E SBE 106
End B pt. F SBF 107
Max end A SAMAX 8
Max end B SBMAX 108
CSHEAR Maximum Shear SHMAX 2
Average Shear SHAVG 3
Safety Margin SHMRG 4
All Solid von Mises SVM 13

elements
Max Principal Stress SMP
Major Principal SMAP 8
Mid Principal SMDP 16

Minor Principal SMIP 22
Normal X SXX 6
Normal Y SYY 14
Normal Z SZZ 20
Shear XY SXY 7
Shear YZ SYZ 15
Shear XZ SXZ 21
Equivalent Plastic Strain PLAS -
All Shell von Mises both surfaces SVMB -

elements
Major Principal both SMPB -

surfaces
von Mises 1 SVM1 9
von Mises 2 SVM2 17
Major Principal 1 SMP1 7
Major Principal 2 SMP2 15
Minor Principal both SMIPB -

surfaces
Minor Principal 1 SMIP1 8
Minor Principal 2 SMIP2 16
Normal X both surfaces SXB -

Normal X 1 SX1 3
Normal X 2 SX2 11
Normal Y both surfaces SYB -
Normal Y 1 SY1 4
Normal Y 2 SY2 12
Shear XY both surfaces SXYB -
Shear XY 1 SXY1 5
Shear XY 2 SXY2 13
Equivalent Plastic Strain PLASB -

both surfaces
Equivalent Plastic Strain 1 PLAS1 -
Equivalent Plastic Strain 2 PLAS2 -
*OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response items
are not fully compatible with those used in OptiStruct, it is recommended that the OptiStruct
ASCII item codes be used.
**For Bar elements that reference PBARL, PBEAML, it is recommended that the special stress
item codes listed under Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using PBARL, PBEAML Properties be
used. Stress/strain items listed here for CBAR, CBEAM elements using PBAR, PBEAM, PBARL, or
PBEAML properties include only normal stress/strain.

DRESP1 - Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using
PBARL, PBEAML Properties
The evaluation stresses (normal, shear, and von Mises) for each bar element are listed in the
links provided below. The shear stress includes torsion and shear.
Bar Element Types
BAR element type
C ross-sectional dimensions and stress constraint evaluation points
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress Shear Stress von Mises Stress
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V

S8S S8V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
BOX element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N S1S S1V
S2N S2S S2V
S3N S3S S3V
S4N S4S S4V
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V

S8S S8V
S9S S9V
S10S S10V
S11S S11V
S12S S12V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
Several stress recovery points are coincident (for example, 1 and 5, 2 and 6). In these
cases, the lower number refers to stress recovered in the xy plane and the higher number
refers to stress recovered in the xz plane.
BOX1 element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N S1S S1V
S2N S2S S2V
S3N S3S S3V
S4N S4S S4V
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
S10S S10V
S11S S11V
S12S S12V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
CHAN element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX

CHAN1 element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX

CHAN2 element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V

SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
CROSS element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N S1V
S2N S2V
S3N S3V
S4N S4V
S5S S5V
S6S S6V

S7S S7V
S8S S8V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
H element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N

S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
HAT element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N

S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
S10S S10V
S11S S11V
S12S S12V
S13S S13V
S14S S14V
S15S S15V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
I element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX

I1 element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V

SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
L element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V

SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
ROD element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N S1S
S2N S2S
S3N S3S
S4N S4S
S5V
The location of point 5 will be determined by varying the from 0 to 360 degrees to find
the maximum von Mises stress.

T element type
Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
T1 element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
T2 element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX
TUBE element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N S1S
S2N S2S
S3N S3S
S4N S4S
S5V
The location of point 5 will be determined by varying the from 0 to 360 degrees to find
the maximum von Mises stress.
Z element type

Evaluation Stresses
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
S5S S5V
S6S S6V
S7S S7V
S8S S8V
S9S S9V
SNMAX SSMAX SVMAX


DRESP1 - Frequency Response Force Item Codes
Element Response Component ASCII code Number code*
CELAS Force Real R-F 2
Imaginary I-F 3
Magnitude M-F 2
Phase P-F 3
CDAMP Force Real R-FA 2
Imaginary I-FA 3
Magnitude M-FA 2
Phase P-FA 3
CVISC Axial force Real R-FA 2
Imaginary I-FA 3
Magnitude M-FA 2
Phase P-FA 3
Torque Real R-FB 4
Imaginary I-FB 5
Magnitude M-FB 4
Phase P-FB 5
CROD Force at end A Real R-FA 2
Imaginary I-FA 3

Magnitude M-FA 2
Phase P-FA 3
Force at end B Real R-FB
Imaginary I-FB
Magnitude M-FB
Phase P-FB
CBAR/ Bending at end A Real R-MA1 2

CBEAM plane 1
Imaginary I-MA1 10
Magnitude M-MA1 2
Phase P-MA1 10
Bending at end A Real R-MA2 3

plane 2
Imaginary I-MA2 11
Magnitude M-MA2 3
Phase P-MA2 11
Bending at end B Real R-MB1 4

plane 1
Imaginary I-MB1 12
Magnitude M-MB1 4
Phase P-MB1 12
Bending at end B Real R-MB2 5

plane 2
Imaginary I-MB2 13
Magnitude M-MB2 5
Phase P-MB2 13

Shear at end A Real R-SA1 6
plane 1
Imaginary I-SA1 14
Magnitude M-SA1 6
Phase P-SA1 14
Shear at end A Real R-SA2 7

plane 2
Imaginary I-SA2 15
Magnitude M-SA2 7
Phase P-SA2 15
Axial force at end A Real R-FA 8
Imaginary I-FA 16
Magnitude M-FA 8
Phase P-FA 16
Torque at end A Real R-TA 9
Imaginary I-TA 17
Magnitude M-TA 9
Phase P-TA 17
Shear at end B Real R-SB1

plane 1
Imaginary I-SB1
Magnitude M-SB1
Phase P-SB1
Shear at end B Real R-SB2

plane 2
Imaginary I-SB2

Magnitude M-SB2
Phase P-SB2
Axial force at end B Real R-FB
Imaginary I-FB
Magnitude M-FB
Phase P-FB
Torque at end B Real R-TB
Imaginary I-TB
Magnitude M-TB
Phase P-TB
CBUSH Force X Real R-FX 2
Imaginary I-FX 8
Magnitude M-FX 2
Phase P-FX 8
Force Y Real R-FY 3
Imaginary I-FY 9
Magnitude M-FY 3
Phase P-FY 9
Force Z Real R-FZ 4
Imaginary I-FZ 10
Magnitude M-FZ 4
Phase P-FZ 10

Moment X Real R-MX 5
Imaginary I-MX 11
Magnitude M-MX 5
Phase P-MX 11
Moment Y Real R-MY 6
Imaginary I-MY 12
Magnitude M-MY 6
Phase P-MY 12
Moment Z Real R-MZ 7
Imaginary I-MZ 13
Magnitude M-MZ 7
Phase P-MZ 13
CSHEAR Force 4 to 1 Real R-F41 2
Imaginary I-F41 10
Magnitude M-F41 2
Phase P-F41 10
Force 2 to 1 Real R-F21 3
Imaginary I-F21 11
Magnitude M-F21 3
Phase R-F21 11
Imaginary I-F12 12

Magnitude M-F12 4
Phase P-F12 12
Force 3 to 2 Real I-F32 5
Imaginary I-F32 13
Magnitude M-F32 5
Phase P-F32 13
Imaginary I-F23 14
Magnitude M-F23 6
Phase P-F23 14
Imaginary I-F43 15
Magnitude M-F43 7
Phase P-F43 15
Imaginary I-F34 16
Magnitude M-F34 8
Phase P-F34 16
Imaginary I-F14 17
Magnitude M-F14 9
Phase P-F14 17
Kick Force on 1 Real R-KF1 18

Imaginary I-KF1 26
Magnitude M-KF1 18
Phase P-KF1 26
Shear Flow 12 Real R-SH12 19
Imaginary I-SH12 27
Magnitude M-SH12 19
Phase P-SH12 27
Kick Force on 2 Real R-KF2 20
Imaginary I-KF2 28
Magnitude M-KF2 20
Phase P-KF2 28
All Shell Membrane force X Real R-NX 2

Elements
Imaginary I-NX 10
Magnitude M-NX 2
Phase P-NX 10
Membrane force Y Real R-NY 3
Imaginary I-NY 11
Magnitude M-NY 3
Phase P-NY 11
Membrane shear Real R-NXY 4

force XY
Imaginary I-NXY 12
Magnitude M-NXY 4

Phase P-NXY 12
Bending Moment X Real R-MX 5
Imaginary I-MX 13
Magnitude M-MX 5
Phase P-MX 13
Bending Moment Y Real R-MY 6
Imaginary I-MY 14
Magnitude M-MY 6
Phase P-MY 14
Twisting moment Real R-MXY 7

XY
Imaginary I-MXY 15
Magnitude M-MXY 7
Phase P-MXY 15
Transverse shear Real R-SXZ 8

XZ
Imaginary I-SXZ 16
Magnitude M-SXZ 8
Phase P-SXZ 16
Transverse shear Real R-SYZ 9

YZ
Imaginary I-SYZ 17
Magnitude M-SYZ 9
Phase P-SYZ 17

DRESP1 - Frequency Response Stress/Strain Item Codes
Element Stress/Strain Component ASCII code Number code*

Item
CELAS Stress/Strain Real R-S 2
Imaginary I-S 3
Magnitude M-S 2
Phase P-S 3
CROD Both ends Real R-SAB
Imaginary I-SAB
Magnitude M-SAB
Phase P-SAB
End A Real R-SA 2
Imaginary I-SA 3
Magnitude M-SA 2
Phase P-SA 3
End B Real R-SB
Imaginary I-SB
Magnitude M-SB
Phase P-SB
CBAR All Stresses/ Real R-SALL

Strains
Imaginary I-SALL
Magnitude M-SALL
Phase P-SALL

Item
End A point C Real R-SAC 2
Imaginary I-SAC 7
Magnitude M-SAC 2
Phase P-SAC 7
End A point D Real R-SAD 3
Imaginary I-SAD 8
Magnitude M-SAD 3
Phase P-SAD 8
End A point E Real R-SAE 4
Imaginary I-SAE 9
Magnitude M-SAE 4
Phase P-SAE 9
End A point F Real R-SAF 5
Imaginary I-SAF 10
Magnitude M-SAF 5
Phase P-SAF 10
End B point C Real R-SBC 12
Imaginary I-SBC 16
Magnitude M-SBC 12
Phase P-SBC 16
End B point D Real R-SBD 13

Item
Imaginary I-SBD 17
Magnitude M-SBD 13
Phase P-SBD 17
End B point E Real R-SBE 14
Imaginary I-SBE 18
Magnitude M-SBE 14
Phase P-SBE 18
End B point F Real R-SBF 15
Imaginary I-SBF 19
Magnitude M-SBF 15
Phase P-SBF 19
Maximum at end Real R-SAMAX

A
Imaginary I-SAMAX
Magnitude M-SAMAX
Phase P-SAMAX
Maximum at end Real R-SBMAX

B
Imaginary I-SBMAS
Magnitude M-SBMAX
Phase P-SBMAX
CBEAM All Stresses/ Real R-SALL

Strains
Imaginary I-SALL

Item
Magnitude M-SALL
Phase P-SALL
End A point C Real R-SAC 4
Imaginary I-SAC 8
Magnitude M-SAC 4
Phase P-SAC 8
End A point D Real R-SAD 5
Imaginary I-SAD 9
Magnitude M-SAD 5
Phase P-SAD 9
End A point E Real R-SAE 6
Imaginary I-SAE 10
Magnitude M-SAE 6
Phase P-SAE 10
End A point F Real R-SAF 7
Imaginary I-SAF 11
Magnitude M-SAF 7
Phase P-SAF 11
End B point C Real R-SBC 104
Imaginary I-SBC 108
Magnitude M-SBC 104

Item
Phase P-SBC 108
End B point D Real R-SBD 105
Imaginary I-SBD 109
Magnitude M-SBD 105
Phase P-SBD 109
End B point E Real R-SBE 106
Imaginary I-SBE 110
Magnitude M-SBE 106
Phase P-SBE 110
End B point F Real R-SBF 107
Imaginary I-SBF 111
Magnitude M-SBF 107
Phase P-SBF 111
Maximum at end Real R-SAMAX

A
Imaginary I-SAMAX
Magnitude M-SAMAX
Phase P-SAMAX
Maximum at end Real R-SBMAX

B
Imaginary I-SBMAX
Magnitude M-SBMAX
Phase P-SBMAX

Item
CSHEAR Maximum Shear Real R-SHMAX 2
Imaginary I-SHMAX 3
Magnitude M-SHMAX 2
Phase P-SHMAX 3
Average Shear Real R-SHAVG 4
Imaginary I-SHAVG 5
Magnitude M-SHAVG 4
Phase P-SHAVG 5
All Solid Normal X Real R-SXX 6

Elements
Imaginary I-SXX 12
Magnitude M-SXX 6
Phase P-SXX 12
Normal Y Real R-SYY 7
Imaginary I-SYY 13
Magnitude M-SYY 7
Phase P-SYY 13
Normal Z Real R-SZZ 8
Imaginary I-SZZ 14
Magnitude M-SZZ 8
Phase P-SZZ 14

Item
Shear XY Real R-SXY 9
Imaginary I-SXY 15
Magnitude M-SXY 9
Phase P-SXY 15
Shear YZ Real R-SYZ 10
Imaginary I-SYZ 16
Magnitude M-SYZ 10
Phase P-SYZ 16
Shear XZ Real R-SXZ 11
Imaginary I-SXZ 17
Magnitude M-SXZ 11
Phase P-SXZ 17
von Mises - SVM -
All Shell Normal X at both Real R-SXB

Elements surfaces
Imaginary I-SXB
Magnitude M-SXB
Phase P-SXB
Normal X at Z1 Real R-SX1 3
Imaginary I-SX1 4
Magnitude M-SX1 3
Phase P-SX1 4

Item
Normal X at Z2 Real R-SX2 10
Imaginary I-SX2 11
Magnitude M-SX2 10
Phase P-SX2 11
Normal Y at both Real R-SYB

surfaces
Imaginary I-SYB
Magnitude M-SYB
Phase P-SYB
Normal Y at Z1 Real R-SY1 5
Imaginary I-SY1 6
Magnitude M-SY1 5
Phase P-SY1 6
Normal Y at Z2 Real R-SY2 12
Imaginary I-SY2 13
Magnitude M-SY2 12
Phase P-SY2 13
Shear XY at both Real R-SXYB

surfaces
Imaginary I-SXYB
Magnitude M-SXYB
Phase P-SXYB
Shear XY at Z1 Real R-SXY1 7

Item
Imaginary I-SXY1 8
Magnitude M-SXY1 7
Phase P-SXY1 8
Shear XY at Z2 Real R-SXY2 14
Imaginary I-SXY2 15
Magnitude M-SXY2 14
Phase P-SXY2 15
von Mises at Z1 - SVM1 -
von Mises at Z2 - SVM2 -
von Mises - SVMB -
* OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response items

DRESP1 - Frequency Response Displacement, Velocity,
and Acceleration Item Codes
Response Component ASCII code Number code*
Translation X Real R-TX 1
Imaginary I-TX 7
Magnitude M-TX 1
Phase P-TX 7
Translation Y Real R-TY 2
Imaginary I-TY 8
Magnitude M-TY 2
Phase P-TY 8
Translation Z Real R-TZ 3
Imaginary I-TZ 9
Magnitude M-TZ 3
Phase P-TZ 9
Rotation X Real R-RX 4
Imaginary I-RX 10
Magnitude M-RX 4
Phase P-RX 10
Rotation Y Real R-RY 5
Imaginary I-RY 11
Magnitude M-RY 5
Phase P-RY 11

Rotation Z Real R-RZ 6
Imaginary I-RZ 12
Magnitude M-RZ 6
Phase P-RZ 12
Normal Real R-NORM -
Imaginary I-NORM -
Magnitude M-NORM -
Phase P-NORM -

DRESP1 - Frequency Response Pressure Item Codes
Pressure Real R-PRES 1
Imaginary I-PRES 7
Magnitude M-PRES 1
Phase P-PRES 7

DRESP1 - Center of Gravity and Moments of Inertia Item
Codes
Center of Gravity
Component ASCII Code
x-coordinate X
y-coordinate Y
z-coordinate Z
Moments of Inertia
Component ASCII Code
lxx XX
lyy YY
lzz ZZ
lxy XY
lxz XZ
lyz YZ

DRESP1 - Static Force Item Codes
Element Force Item ASCII Code Number Code *
CELAS Force F 2
CROD Force End A FA 2
Force End B FB -
CBAR Bending End A Plane 1 MA1 2
Bending End A Plane 2 MA2 3
Bending End B Plane 1 MB1 4
Shear End A Plane 1 SA1 6
Axial Force End A FA 8
Torque End A TA 9
Shear End B Plane 1 SB1 -
Shear End B Plane 2 SB2 -
Axial Force End B FB -
Torque End B TB -
CBEAM Bending End A Plane 1 MA1 4
Bending End A Plane 2 MA2 5

Axial Force End A FA 8
Torque End A TA 9
Shear End B Plane 1 SB1 96
Shear End B Plane 2 SB2 97
Axial Force End B FB 98
Torque End B TB 99
CBUSH Force-X FX 2
Force-Y FY 3
Force-Z FZ 4
Moment-X MX 5
Moment-Y MY 6
Moment-Z MZ 7
All Shell Membrane Force X NX 2

Elements
Membrane Force Y NY 3
Membrane Shear Force XY NXY 4
Bending Moment X MX 5
Bending Moment Y MY 6

Twisting Moment XY MXY 7
Transverse Shear XZ SXZ 8
Transverse Shear YZ SYZ 9
CSHEAR Force 4 to 1 F41 2
Force 2 to 1 F21 3
Force 1 to 2 F12 4
Force 3 to 2 F32 5
Force 2 to 3 F23 6
Force 4 to 3 F43 7
Force 3 to 4 F34 8
Force 1 to 4 F14 9
Kick Force on 1 KF1 10
Shear Flow 12 SH12 11


DRESP1 - Static Failure Item Codes for Composites
Theory ASCII code
Hill HILL
Hoffman HOFF
Tsai-Wu TSAI
Maximum Strain STRN

DRESP1 - Static Stress/Strain Item Codes for Composites
Stress Item ASCII Code Number code*
Normal - 1 S1 3
Normal - 2 S2 4
Shear - 12 S12 5
Shear - 1Z S1Z 6
Shear - 2Z S2Z 7
Maj. Principal SMAP 9
Min. Principal SMIP 10
* OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response
items are not fully compatible with those used in OptiStruct, it is recommended to use
the OptiStruct ASCII item codes.
Strain Item ASCII Code Number Code*
Normal - 1 S1 3
Normal - 2 S2 4
Shear - 12 S12 5
Maj. Principal SMAP 9
Min. Principal SMIP 10

Thermal Strain Item ASCII Code Number Code*
Normal - 1 TS1 -
Normal - 2 TS2 -
Shear - 12 TS12 -
Maj. Principal TSMAP -
Min. Principal TSMIP -
Mechanical Strain Item ASCII Code Number Code*
Normal - 1 MS1 -
Normal - 2 MS2 -
Shear - 12 MS12 -
Maj. Principal MSMAP -
Min. Principal MSMIP -

DRESP1 - MBD Displacement Item Codes
Displacement ASCII code
Translational X TX
Translational Y TY
Translational Z TZ
Rotational X RX
Rotational Y RY
Rotational Z RZ
Translational TXYZ
resultant

DRESP1 - MBD Velocity/Acceleration Item Codes
Vel/Acc ASCII code
Translational X TX
Translational Y TY
Translational Z TZ
Rotational X RX
Rotational Y RY
Rotational Z RZ
Translational TXYZ
resultant
Rotational RXYZ
resultant

DRESP1 - MBD Force Item Codes
Force ASCII code
Translational X FX
Translational Y FY
Translational Z FZ
Rotational X MX
Rotational Y MY
Rotational Z MZ
Translational FXYZ
resultant
Rotational MXYZ
resultant

DRESP1 – PSD/RMS Displacement, Velocity, and
Acceleration Item Codes
Response ASCII code Number code*
Translation X TX 1
Translation Y TY 2
Translation Z TZ 3
Rotation X RX 4
Rotation Y RY 5
Rotation Z RZ 6

DRESP1 – PSD/RMS Pressure Item Codes
Response ASCII code
Pressure PRES

DRESP1 - PSD/RMS Stress/Strain Item Codes
All Solid elements Stress/Strain Item ASCII code
Normal X SXX
Normal Y SYY
Normal Z SZZ
Shear XY SXY
Shear YZ SYZ
Shear XZ SXZ
All Shell elements Stress/Strain Item ASCII code
Normal X both surfaces SXB
Normal X 1 SX1
Normal X 2 SX2
Normal Y both surfaces SYB
Normal Y 1 SY1
Normal Y 2 SY2
Shear XY both surfaces SXYB
Shear XY 1 SXY1
Shear XY 2 SXY2

DRESP2
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP2 – Design Response via Equations for Design Optimization
Description
When a desired response is not directly available from OptiStruct, it may be calculated using
DRESP2. This response can be a functional combination of any set of responses resulting from
the design analysis iteration. Responses defined in this manner can be used as design
objectives or constraints. The DRESP2 card identifies the equation to use for the response
relationship and the input values to evaluate the response function.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP2 ID LABEL EQID REGION

or
FUNC
DRESPM RID1 MODEL RID2 MODEL ... ...

NAME1 NAME2
VARTYPE1 ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7
ID8 ... ...
ID8 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Example 1
Define a response labeled FUNC1 that references equation #999, where DESVAR #11 is the
first variable, the DTABLE entry PI is the second variable, DRESP1 #1 is the third variable,
the Y location of grid #11 is the forth variable and the DVPREL1 #22 is the fifth variable.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

DRESP2 10 FUNC 1 999
DESVAR 11
DTABLE PI
DRESP1 1
DGRID 11 2
DVPREL1 22
Example 2
Define a response that is the weighted average of 2 displacements
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP2 3 AVDIS 7 2
DRESP1 9 2
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 9 TOPN DISP 1 3 4668
DRESP1 2 BOTN DISP 1 3 5432
DEQATN 7 y(x1, x2) = (x1*1.5+ x2*4.0)/2
Field Contents
ID Response identification number. Each DRESP2 card must have a unique

Field Contents
ID with respect to all other DRESP# cards.
LABEL User defined name for the response.
EQID DEQATN identifier that defines the response relationship.
FUNC Function to be applied to the arguments (see comment 14).
REGION Region identifier (see comment 4).
DRESPM Indicates the beginning of a continuation line, which defines model-

specific response ID and Model Name pairs to be used in a Multi-Model
Optimization run.
RID# Identification numbers of model-specific responses (see comment 15).
MODEL User-defined model names defined on the ASSIGN, MMO entry (see
NAME# comment 15).
VARTYPE# Indicates the type of variables to follow. Can be one of: DESVAR,
DTABLE, DGRID, DGRIDB, DRESP1, DRESP1L, DRESP2, DRESP2L, DVPREL1,
DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or
DVMBRL2 (see comments 5, 13 and 16).
ID# When VARTYPE is DESVAR, DTABLE, DRESP1, DRESP2, DVPREL1,

DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or
DVMBRL2 this list of IDs reference entities of the defined VARTYPE.
When VARTYPE is DGRID or DGRIDB, the list is a list of GRID/ID

Component pairs, where every second value is a component (1, 2, or 3).
For example, DGRID, 11, 2 indicates the Y component of grid 11 (see

Field Contents
comment 13).
When VARTYPE is DRESP1L or DRESP2L, the list is a list of response/

subcase pairs, where every second value is a subcase ID, for example,
DRESP1L, 9, 1, 9, 3 indicates response 9 calculated for subcase 1 and
response 9 calculated for subcase 3.
Comments
1. DRESP2 entries are referenced from the subcase through one of DESOBJ, DESSUB, or
DESGBL.
DRESP3 entries.
3. DRESP1L, DRESP2L define a response defined with a DRESP1 or DRESP2, respectively, and
a SUBCASE. The SUBCASE number 0 should be used for global responses.
4. Responses with the same region identifier are grouped together into the same region. If
the region identifier is blank, then a separate region is formed for each DRESP2 definition.
The RTYPE EQUA on the DSCREEN definition refers to DRESP2 responses. It is important
to ensure that responses with the same region identifier reference similar equations. For
further information, refer to Constraint Screening in the User's Guide.
5. Any number of VARTYPE# continuation lines can be defined. The order in which the
VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed on the DRESP2 card is not prescribed. The same
VARTYPE# can be repeated any number of times, in any position, on the card. However,
the order in which the VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed will affect the solution as
the values are passed to the equation (or function) in the listed sequence.
6. The entries on the DRESP2 cards are assigned to the variable on the DEQATN card in the
order that they occur. For example 2 above x1 is the displacement response defined by
the DRESP1 card with ID=9 and x2 is the displacement response defined by the DRESP1
card with ID=2.
7. DRESPi and DRESPiL cards cannot be mixed on the same DRESP2 definition.
8. If DRESP1L, DRESP2L are used for a constrained DRESP2, DESGLB must be used to identify
the DRESP2.
9. If DRESP1L, DRESP2L are used in a DRESP2 objective function, then the DESOBJ that
references the DRESP2 must be defined before the first Subcase.
10. If the DRESP2 data is referenced by DESOBJ data, the DESOBJ data must be above the
first SUBCASE if:
The DRESP2 contains DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.

The DRESP2 contains no DRESP1DRESP2, DRESP1L, or DRESP2L data.

The DRESP2 contains DRESP1, DRESP2 global responses.
The DESOBJ data must be in the correct SUBCASE if the DRESP2 contains subcase
dependent DRESP1 responses.
12. DRESP2 cannot reference itself directly or recursively, but multiple levels of referencing
are allowed.
13. The DGRID and DGRIDB VARTYPE’s can be used to select grid point locations as variables
to be passed to the specified equation or function. The grid point locations are specified
as a list of Grid point ID/Component pairs where every second value is a component. The
Grid point ID’s are unique grid point identification numbers (ID) and Components are the
grid point locations X1, X2, and X3 fields on the GRID bulk data entry.
Examples:
DGRIDB:
The VARTYPE DGRIDB can be used to select grid point locations in the basic coordinate
system. The basic coordinate system is the default rectangular coordinate system in
OptiStruct.
DGRID:
The VARTYPE DGRID can be used to select the grid point locations in the local coordinate
system of each grid point. This local coordinate system may be specified by the CP field
of the GRID bulk data entry for a particular grid point of interest. All local (or user defined)
coordinate systems are directly or indirectly based on the default basic coordinate
system.
14. The following functions can be used instead of an EQID. If FUNC is used, the DEQATN
entry is no longer needed. The functions are applied to all arguments on the DRESP2
regardless of their type.


RSS
arguments
SUMABS Sum of absolute value of arguments

AVGABS
arguments

MINABS
arguments
15. Multiple RID-Model Name pairs can be specified on a single DRESPM continuation line.
These responses can be used similar to responses defined via the VARTYPE# -ID# entries.
ASSIGN, MMO can be used to identify the filename of the model and the user-defined
Model Name that contains the referenced response definition.
16. An inconsistent number of responses can be referenced via multiple DRESP#L VARTYPE’s.
The following requirements should be met for such entries:
1. A minimum of one DRESP# entry listed on a corresponding DRESP#L VARTYPE should

reference only a single response value, (and)
2. DRESP# entries listed on other DRESP#L VARTYPE’s should reference the same number
of responses.
3. If requirement (1) above is not met, then the number of responses referenced by all
the DRESP# entries (listed on all the DRESP#L VARTYPE’s) should be equal.
Example
Allowed
DRESP1 1 R1 STRESS ELEM SVM3 1

2
DRESP1 2 R2 STRESS PSHELL SVM4 1

DRESP2 3 MA 1
+ DRESP1L 4 0
+ DRESP1L 2 2
DRESP1 4 vol VOLUME
DEQATN 1 f(a,b)=a+b
Not Allowed
DRESP1 1 R1 STRESS ELEM SVM1 1
2
DRESP1 2 R2 STRESS PSHELL SVM2 1
DRESP2 3 MNA 1
+ DRESP1L 4 0
+ DRESP1L 1 2
+ DRESP1L 2 2
DRESP1 4 vol VOLUME
DEQATN 1 f(a,b,c)=a+b+c
In the above example (Allowed), the number of responses referenced by DRESP1L=4 is

one. Also, DRESP1L=2 references multiple responses, this is allowed as there are no other
DRESP#L that reference more than one response. However, in the “Not Allowed” example,
DRESP1L=1 references two responses and DRESP1L=2 references multiple responses (this
violates requirement 2 above).
17. This card is represented as optimization responses in HyperMesh.

DRESP3
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP3 – Design Response via External User-supplied Functions
Description
When a desired response is not available from OptiStruct, either directly or via equations, it
may be calculated through external user-supplied functions implemented in shared/dynamic
libraries or external files (see External Reponses). The DRESP3 card identifies the external
function to be called and defines the parameters to be transferred to that function.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP3 ID LABEL GROUP FUNC REGION RESP MAXRESP
DRESPM RID1 MODEL RID2 MODEL ... ...

NAME1 NAME2
ID8 ... ...
ID8 ... ...
...
VARTYPEn ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7
ID8
C ELLIN C I1 C I2 C I3 ... C In
C ELLOUT CO
SENSOPT METHOD

Alternate format for CELLIN (cell input) specifications
C ELLIN C I1 thru C In
Alternate format when VARTYPE is DEIGV
DEIGV EIGV1 LID1 G1 C1
EIGV2 LID2 G2 C2
... ... ... ...
Alternate format when VARTYPE is USRDATA
USRDATA STRNG
...
Field Contents
ID Response identification number. Each DRESP3 must have a unique ID with

respect to all other DRESP# cards.
GROUP GROUP identifier that defines the shared/dynamic library or external

Microsoft Excel workbook to be used (see comment 19). It references an
existing LOADLIB entry in the input deck.
FUNC FUNC identifier that defines the external function to be used.

Field Contents
REGION Region identifier (see comment 4).
DRESPM Indicates the beginning of a continuation line, which defines model-

specific response ID and Model Name pairs to be used in a Multi-Model
Optimization run.
RID# Identification numbers of model-specific responses (see comment 21)
MODEL User-defined model names defined on the ASSIGN, MMO entry (see
NAME# comment 21).
RESP RESP identifier that defines the response to be returned by the external
function.
MAXRESP MAXRESP identifier that defines the number of responses available in the
external function.
VARTYPE# Indicates the type of variables to follow. Can be one of: DESVAR,
DTABLE, DGRID, DGRIDB, DEIGV, DRESP1, DRESP1L, DRESP2, DRESP2L,
DVPREL1, DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1,
DVMBRL2, USRDATA or SLAVE (see comment 18).
ID# When VARTYPE is DESVAR, DTABLE, DRESP1, DRESP2, DVPREL1, DVPREL2,

DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or DVMBRL2 this list of
IDs reference entities of the defined VARTYPE.
When VARTYPE is DGRID or DGRIDB, the list is a list of GRID/Component

pairs, where every second value is a component (1, 2, or 3). For example,
DGRID, 11, 2 indicates the Y component of grid 11.
When VARTYPE is DEIGV, the ID# list is replaced by a list of eigenvectors,

with each line defining an eigenvector ID, a subcase ID, and a grid/
component pair (where the component is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6).
When VARTYPE is DRESP1L or DRESP2L, the list is a list of response/

subcase pairs, where every second value is a subcase ID, for example,

Field Contents
DRESP1L, 9, 1, 9, 3 indicates response 9 calculated for subcase 1 and

response 9 calculated for subcase 3.
When VARTYPE is USRDATA, the list is replaced by a user-defined

character string, which is passed to the external function. This character
string must be less than 32000 characters.
When VARTYPE is SLAVE, only a single ID should follow. This is the ID of

another DRESP3 entry from which data should be copied.
No default (Integer > 0, or Character)
CELLIN CELLIN flag indicates that a list of Microsoft Excel worksheet cell
references are to follow, that define response input values (see comments
19 and 20).
CI# A list of Microsoft Excel worksheet cell references that define response
input values (see comments 19 and 20).
No default (Alphanumeric)
CELLOUT CELLIN flag indicates that a Microsoft Excel Worksheet cell reference is to
follow that defines the response output value (see comments 19 and 20).
CO A Microsoft Excel worksheet cell reference that defines the response

output value (see comments 19 and 20).
No default (Alphanumeric)
SENSOPT Indicates that the sensitivities evaluation method follows.
METHOD Method to be used for sensitivities evaluation (see comment 17).
NONE (or blank): Sensitivities are not provided. Full evaluations are
performed at every step of the approximation process.
AUTO: Sensitivities are automatically evaluated by finite differences at

the beginning of the iteration, and subsequently used in the approximation
process.
USER: Sensitivities are provided by the external function at the beginning

of the iteration, and subsequently used in the approximation process.
Default = NONE (or blank)
EIGVi Eigenvector numbers.

Field Contents
LIDi Subcase IDs.
Gi Grid IDs.
Ci Component IDs.
No default (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6)
STRNG User-defined string to be passed to the external function.
No default (Character string < 32000 characters)
Comments
1. DRESP3 entries are referenced from the subcases through one of DESOBJ, DESSUB, or
DESGBL.
DRESP1 entries.
3. DRESP1L, DRESP2L define a response defined with a DRESP1 or DRESP2, respectively, and
a SUBCASE. The SUBCASE number 0 should be used for global responses.
4. Responses with the same region identifier are grouped together into the same region. If
the region identifier is blank, then a separate region is formed for each DRESP3 definition.
The RTYPE EXTERNAL on the DSCREEN definition refers to DRESP3 responses. It is
important to ensure that responses with the same region identifier reference similar
external responses. For further information, refer to Constraint Screening in the User's
Guide.
5. Any number of VARTYPE# continuation lines can be defined. The order in which the
VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed on the DRESP2 card is not prescribed. The same
VARTYPE# can be repeated any number of times, in any position, on the card.
6. The entries on the DRESP3 card are assigned to the parameters passed to the external
function in the order that they occur.
7. DRESPi and DRESPiL cards cannot be mixed on one DRESP3 definition.
8. If DRESP1L, DRESP2L is used for a constrained DRESP3, DESGLB must be used to identify
the DRESP3.

9. If DRESP1L, DRESP2L is used in a DRESP3 objective function, then the DESOBJ that
references the DRESP3 must be defined before the first subcase.
10. If the DRESP3 data is referenced by DESOBJ data, the DESOBJ data must be above the
first SUBCASE if:
DRESP3 contains DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.

DRESP3 contains no DRESP1, DRESP2 or DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.
DRESP3 contains DRESP1, DRESP2 global responses.
The DESOBJ data must be in the correct static or eigenvalue SUBCASE if the DRESP3
contains static or eigenvalue DRESP1 responses.
11. DRESP1 of RTYPE = WCOMB, WFREQ, and COMP cannot be referenced by DRESP3 data.
13. The RESP field may be used to request a specific response from the external function,
while MAXRESP defines the maximum number of responses available in that function.
External functions can be implemented to compute any number of responses and to return
any subset of these responses. This approach has two main benefits:
There is no need to write a specific external function for each response that you want
computed. One general function may be written instead. In many cases, this allows
for easier code maintenance and better code reusability.
OptiStruct will automatically group responses which point to the same external
function, and which use the same set of input data. The external function will only be
called once for that group of responses, which may save computational time in the
library.
14. The SLAVE continuation line indicates that the input data (DESVAR, and so on) for the
current DRESP3 card is identical to the input data of the master DRESP3 card. There
cannot be any other continuation line when SLAVE is used.
This simplifies the DRESP3 definition and reduces potential errors when modifying input
decks, either via the HyperMesh interface or manually. Also, as explained above,
OptiStruct will group responses that share the same input data.
15. The data in the STRNG field is character string based. It provides a convenient way to
pass constants to the external response server routines. The maximum number of
characters allowed in 32000.
16. The eigenvector values provided on the DEIGV continuation are normalized against the
mass matrix. No sensitivities are calculated for these values.
17. Performance of the sensitivity evaluation method is problem dependent, and selection of a
method depends on the number of arguments and the cost of each evaluation. The
default method works best for most problems. However, if the approximation module is
observed to be very slow with the default, AUTO or USER can be tried.
USER: This setup is more complex as it requires user-calculated gradients. However,

since finite differences are not used, it can improve the quality of those gradients and
may also increase the speed at which those gradients are calculated.
18. The DGRID and DGRIDB VARTYPE’s can be used to select grid point locations as variables

to be passed to the specified equation or function. The grid point locations are specified
as a list of Grid point ID/Component pairs where every second value is a component. The
Grid point ID’s are unique grid point identification numbers (ID) and Components are the
grid point locations X1, X2, and X3 fields on the GRID Bulk Data Entries.
Examples:
DGRIDB:
The VARTYPE DGRIDB can be used to select grid point locations in the basic coordinate
system. The basic coordinate system is the default rectangular coordinate system in
OptiStruct.
DGRID:
The VARTYPE DGRID can be used to select the grid point locations in the local coordinate
system of each grid point. This local coordinate system may be specified by the CP field
of the GRID Bulk Data Entry for a particular grid point of interest. All local (or user
defined) coordinate systems are directly or indirectly based on the default basic
coordinate system.
19. An external Microsoft Excel workbook can be referenced on the GROUP field via the
LOADLIB I/O Options Entry.
20. Multiple CELLIN continuation lines can be specified; each CI# entry on the CELLIN
continuation lines corresponds to responses (ID#) defined on the VARTYPE# continuation
lines. See External Responses in the User’s Guide for further information.
21. Multiple RID-Model Name pairs can be specified on a single DRESPM continuation line.
These responses can be used similar to responses defined via the VARTYPE# -ID# entries.
ASSIGN, MMO can be used to identify the filename of the model and the user-defined
Model Name that contains the referenced response definition.

DSCREEN
Bulk Data Entry
DSCREEN – Design Constraint Screening
Description
Defines design constraint screening data. Refer to Constraint Screening in the User's Guide
section.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSC REEN RTYPE THOLD MAXC
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSC REEN AUTO LEVEL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSC REEN STRESS -0.6 4
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 98 SS11 STRESS PSHELL 1 7 1

Field Contents
RTYPE Response type affected by the constraint screening settings on this

definition.
No default (Character; See comment 1)
THOLD Normalized threshold value – constraint will not be retained during the
current iteration if its normalized value is below THOLD.
Default = -0.5 (Real < 0.0)
MAXC Maximum number of constraints to be retained for each region definition and
each load case.
AUTO Automatic adjustment of screening criteria.
When this is activated, the screening algorithm will seek to retain the least
number of responses that are necessary for stable convergence.
Automatic constraint screening is active by default. It is disabled by the

presence of any DSCREEN definition in the input data.
LEVEL The automatic constraint screening has levels 1 through 5, with 1 being the
least aggressive (more responses retained) and 5 being the most aggressive
(less responses retained). Level 3 is the default.
The automatic constraint screening can also be disabled by setting it to

OFF.
Default = 3 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or OFF)
Comments
1. RTYPE may be any of the RTYPEs allowed on the DRESP1 entry, or EQUA or EXTERNAL or
AUTO.
2. RTYPE EQUA refers to DRESP2 definitions. If DRESP2 definitions are given the same region
identifier, they should reference similar equations.
3. RTYPE EXTERNAL refers to DRESP3 definitions. If DRESP3 definitions are given the same
region identifier, they should reference similar equations.
4. F is the normalized constraint. If F> THOLD, then the constraint will be retained. F is
calculated with respect to the upper and lower bounds of the constraint as follows:

5. The THOLD and MAXC defaults do not apply for MASS, MASSFRAC, VOLUME,
VOLUMEFRAC, or FREQ. Constraint screening is not active for these responses by default.
6. When no DSCREEN definitions are present in the input data, automatic constraint
screening is active for all responses. The presence of any DSCREEN definition disables
the automatic screening for all response types.
7. With automatic screening, the upper bound on the EIGRL card for buckling analysis will be
adjusted in order to calculate only the necessary buckling eigenvalues (responses) that
are potentially retained in the optimization.
8. This card is represented as an optidscreens in HyperMesh.

DSHAPE
Bulk Data Entry
DSHAPE – Design Variable for Free-Shape Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of free-shape design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSHAPE ID
PERT DTYPE MVFAC TO NSMOOT MXSHRK MXGROW SMETHO NTRANS

R H D
GRID GMETH GSETID / GID2 GID3 GID4 GID5 GID6

GID1
GID7 GID8 … …
PATRN PATYP AID/XA YA ZA FID/VXF VYF VZF
DRAW DTYP DAID/ YDA ZDA DFID/ YDF ZDF

XDA XDF
DRAFT
EXTR EC ID XE YE ZE
GRIDC O GC METH GC SETID C TYPE1 C ID1 X1 Y1 Z1

N 1/
GDID1
GC METH GC SETID C TYPE2 C ID2 X2 Y2 Z2

2/
GDID2
… …
SDC ON SDC ID1 XL1 XU1 YL1 YU1 ZL1 ZU1
SDC ID2 XL2 XU2 YL2 YU2 ZL2 ZU2
… …
BMESH BMID

Field Contents
ID Each DSHAPE card must have a unique ID.
PERT PERT flag indicating perturbation information is to follow.
DTYPE Specifies the direction type for the free-shape variation (Comment 1).
Default = BOTH (GROW, SHRINK, or BOTH)
MVFACTOR Initial limit on the movement factor of the design grids. The unit of
MVFACTOR is the average mesh size of meshes adjacent to grids defined
after GRID.
Only the initial value of this limit can be set. The values in subsequent
optimization iterations are automatically adjusted to enhance to enhance
iterative stability and convergence speed; however, they will never be
greater than the initial limit.
NSMOOTH Number of grids layers NSMOOTH.
MXSHRK Maximum shrinking distance.
No default
MXGROW Maximum growing distance.
No default
SMETHOD Mesh smoothing method.
Default = 1 (1 or 2)
Method 1 is faster than method 2, but method 2 is more robust in avoiding

mesh distortion.
NTRANS Number of design grid layers in the transition zone to non-design area,
where additional treatment will be applied to produce smooth transition
(Comment 4).
GRID GRID flag indicating that a list of grid IDs is to follow. These grids are
design variables for the free-shape optimization.

Field Contents
GMETH Flag indicating that a list of grids is to be defined by a list of grid IDs or a
single SET reference.
Default = ID (SET or ID)
GID# Grid identification numbers. List of grids for which this DSHAPE card is
defined.
GSETID Grid SET identification number. A grid set containing design grids for free-
shape optimization.
PATRN PATRN flag indicating that variable pattern grouping is active. Indicates
that information about the pattern group will follow.
PATYP Type of variable pattern grouping. Required if any symmetry or variable

pattern grouping is desired. Only 1-plane symmetry (TYP=10) is currently
supported.
AID/XA, YA, ZA Variable pattern grouping anchor point. These fields define a point that
determines how grids are grouped into variables (See comment 3). The X,
Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid
ID in the AID/XA field to define the anchor point.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in AID/XA field)
FID/VXF, VYF, Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping. These fields define
VZF an xyz vector which determines how grids are grouped into variables
(Comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system.
If FID is defined, it defines a vector pointing from grid AID or point (XA,
YA, and ZA) to grid FID.
If VXF, VYF, VZF are defined, it defines a vector pointing from point (XA,
YA, and ZA) to point (XA+VXF,YA+VYF,ZA+VZF). (XA, YA, and ZA) are
coordinates of the anchor point defined by AID or XA, YA, and ZA.
If all fields are blank and the PATYP field is not blank or zero, OptiStruct
gives an error.
No default
DRAW DRAW flag indicating that casting constraints are being applied. Indicates
that draw direction information is to follow. Only valid for design grids on
solid elements.

Field Contents
DTYP Type of draw direction constraint to be used. SINGLE indicates that a

single die will be used, the die being withdrawn in the given draw
direction. Only SINGLE is available in 9.0.
DAID/XDA, YDA, Draw direction anchor point. These fields define the anchor point for draw
ZDA direction of the casting. The point may be defined by entering a grid ID in
the DAID field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XDA, YDA, and
ZDA fields, these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
DFID/XDF, YDF, Direction of vector for draw direction definition. These fields define a
ZDF point. The vector goes from the anchor point to this point. The point
may be defined by entering a grid ID in the DFID field or by entering X, Y,
and Z coordinates in the XDF, YDF, and ZDF fields, these coordinates will
be in the basic coordinate system.
No default (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
DRAFT Draft angle in degrees. See comment 5.
Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 90.0)
SDCON# SDCON# flag indicating that side constraints are being applied.
SDCID# The ID of a coordinate system which the following XL#, XU#, YL#, YU#,
ZL#, or ZU# components are resolved in.
XL#, XU#, YL#, Side constraints defined by lower and upper bounds of coordinates, which
YU#, ZL#, ZU# restrict the moving space of the design grids. Any of the six fields could
be blank, which means the corresponding coordinate is not constrained.
EXTR EXTR flag indicating that extrusion constraints are being applied.
Indicates that extrusion information is to follow. Only valid for design
grids on solid elements.
ECID The ID of a coordinate system which the following X, Y, and Z

components are resolved in.
For Free-Shape 9.0, only consider two simple extrusion paths: Line and
Circle.
Line - ECID is a rectangular system.
Circle - ECID is a cylindrical system.
XE, YE, ZE When ECID is a rectangular system ID, X, Y, and Z are components of a
vector under system EID, which define the extrusion path.

Field Contents
GRIDCON GRIDCON flag indicating that a list of grids with associated constraints are
to follow.
Note: Grids within the smoothing zone (defined by NSMOOTH) will move
during Free-shape optimization to avoid mesh distortion without
changing the shape of the model. Users can also constrain the
movement of these grids by GRIDCON even if they are not defined
after GRID.
GCMETH Flag indicating that a list of grids is to be defined by a list of grid IDs or a
single SET reference.
Default = ID (SET or ID)
GCSETID# Grid SET identification numbers. IDs of certain grid SETs which are
constrained to move in a predefined manner.
GDID# IDs of certain grids which are constrained to move in a predefined manner.
No default (Integer > 0, ID must also be present in the list following the
GRID flag)
CTYPE# Specifies the type of constraint applied to the grid GDID# (Comment 2).
No default (FIXED, DIR, or NORM)
CID# The ID of a coordinate system which the following X, Y, and Z

components are resolved in.
X#, Y#, Z# X, Y, and Z components of a vector, which either defines the direction in
which the grid GDID# is constrained to move, or the normal of a plane on
which the grid GDID# is constrained to remain.
BMESH BMESH flag indicating that a BMFACE ID is to follow.
BMID The BMFACE ID which defines a list of QUADs and/or TRIAs which define a
barrier that the design surface will not penetrate during shape
optimization.
Comments
1. DTYPE has three distinct options:
a) GROW – grids cannot move inside of the initial part boundary.

b) SHRINK – grids cannot move outside of the initial part boundary.
c) BOTH – grids are unconstrained.
For a more detailed description, refer to Free-shape Optimization in the User’s Guide.
2. CTYPE has three distinct options:
a) FIXED – grid cannot move due to free-shape optimization.
b) DIR – grid is forced to move along the vector defined by the following fields.
c) NORM – grid is forced to remain on a plane for which the following fields define the
normal direction.
For a more detailed description, refer to Free-shape Optimization in the User’s Guide.
3. For a single plane of symmetry (TYP = 10), the plane is defined normal to the first vector
and is located at the anchor node.
4. The NTRANS option allows you to achieve a smooth transition between design and non-
design regions. This additional smoothness, however, comes with an inherent cost of a
reduction in design flexibility. NTRANS improves design smoothness across the transition
zone between design and non-design regions at the expense of design flexibility.
For detailed information illustrating the working mechanism of NTRANS, refer to Defining
Free-shape Design Regions in the User’s Guide.
5. The draft angle can be specified in degrees via the DRAFT field, as illustrated in the figure
below. Geometric constraints (GRIDCON and SDCON) may not be satisfied when the draft
angle is activated:
6. This card is represented as an optimization design variable in HyperMesh.

DSHUFFLE
Bulk Data Entry
DSHUFFLE – Design Variable for Composite Shuffling Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of composite shuffling design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSHUFFL ID ETYPE EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6

E
+ EID7 …
+ MAXSUC MANGLE MSUC C VSUC C

C
+ PAIR PANGLE PANGLE2 POPT

1
+ C ORE C REP C ANG1 C ANG2 C ANG3 C ANG4 C ANG5 C ANG6
+ C ANG7 …
+ C OVER VREP VANG1 VANG2 VANG3 VANG4 VANG5 VANG6
+ VANG7 …
+ RANGE PIDSTA PIDEND
Field Contents
ETYPE Entity type for which this DSHUFFLE card is defined.
No default (STACK, PCOMP, or PCOMPG)

Field Contents
EID# Entity identification numbers. List of entities of type ETYPE for which this
DSHUFFLE card is defined.
MAXSUCC MAXSUCC flag indicating that the "maximum number of successive plies"
constraint is applied. Multiple MAXSUCC constraints are allowed (see
Comment 1).
MANGLE Ply orientation, in degrees, to which the MAXSUCC constraint is applied.
No default (Real or ALL)
MSUCC Maximum number of successive plies for the MAXSUCC constraint.
VSUCC Allowable percentage violation for the MAXSUCC constraint. 0.0 indicates
that this constraint cannot be violated.
PAIR PAIR flag indicating that a pairing constraint is applied (see Comment 2).
PANGLE1 First ply orientation, in degrees, to which the PAIR constraint is applied.
No default (Real, only 45.0 allowed at this time)
PANGLE2 Second ply orientation, in degrees, to which the PAIR constraint is applied.
No default (Real, only -45.0 allowed at this time)
POPT Pairing option. SAME indicates that the stacking sequence should remain
the same for consecutive pairs. REVERSE indicates that the stacking
sequence should be reversed for alternate pairs.
Default = blank (SAME, REVERSE or BLANK)
CORE CORE flag indicating that a ply sequence for the core layer is defined.
Only one CORE sequence is allowed (see Comment 3).
CREP Number of times the core ply sequence should be repeated.
CANG# Ply orientations, in degrees, defining the core.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
COVER COVER flag indicating that a ply sequence for the cover layer is defined.
Only one COVER sequence is allowed (see Comment 3).
VREP Number of times the cover ply sequence should be repeated.
VANG# Ply orientations, in degrees, defining the cover.
No default (Real)
RANGE Indicates that starting and ending ply identification numbers are defined in
the following fields to specify the range of plies to be shuffled. OptiStruct
will only shuffle plies between PIDSTA and PIDEND. Multiple DSHUFFLE
entries can be created to define different ply ranges.
PIDSTA The ply identification number (starting ply) that defines the first ply in the
range to be shuffled.
PIDEND The ply identification number (ending ply) that defines the last ply in the
range to be shuffled.
Comments
1. The MAXSUCC constraint indicates that the stacking sequence should contain no sections
with more than a given number of successive plies with the same orientation. In the case
of symmetrical laminates, this constraint accounts for the mirrored successive plies on
both sides of the symmetry plane. In the image below, (a) shows invalid and valid
sequences for a non-symmetrical stack, and (b) shows invalid and valid sequences for a
symmetrical stack, both for MAXSUCC=3.

2. The PAIR constraint indicates that 45° and -45° plies should be paired together. The
POPT option specifies how the pairing should be accomplished, as illustrated on the figure
below.
3. The CORE and COVER constraints specify stacking sequences for the core and cover
layers respectively. Plies are listed from the bottom surface upward, in respect to the
element’s normal direction. In the example below, the sequence for the core is (0°, 0°,
90°, 90°) while the sequence for the cover is defined as (90°, 90°, 0°, 0°).
Note that, for non-symmetrical laminates, COVER actually corresponds to the bottom
cover, whereas CORE corresponds to the upper cover. At this point, it is not possible to
create an actual core for non-symmetrical stacks.
4. For a more detailed description and an example, refer to Optimization of Composite

Structures in the User’s Guide.

DSIZE
Bulk Data Entry
DSIZE – Design Variable for Free-Size Optimization
Description
DSIZE defines parameters for the generation of free-size design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSIZE ID PTYPE PID1 PID2 PID3 PID4 PID5 PID6
PID7 … … … … … …
Optional continuation lines for thickness definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
THIC K T0 T1
Optional continuation lines for stress constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STRESS UBOUND
Optional continuation lines for member size constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MEMBSIZ MINDIM
Optional continuation lines for composite manufacturing constraints definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
+ C OMP LAMTHK LTMIN LTMAX LTSET LTEXC

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
+ C OMP PLYTHK PTGRP PTMIN PTMAX PTOPT PTSET PTEXC
+ C OMP PLYPC T PPGRP PPMIN PPMAX PPOPT PPSET PPEXC
+ C OMP PLYMAN PMGRP PMMAN PMOPT PMSET PMEXC
+ C OMP BALANC E BGRP1 BGRP2 BOPT
+ C OMP C ONST C GRP C THIC K C OPT
+ C OMP PLYDRP PDGRIP PDTYP PDMAX PDOPT PDSET PDEXC
+ PDDEF PDX PDY PDZ
Optional continuation lines for pattern grouping constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PATRN TYP AID/XA YA ZA FID/XF YF ZF
UC YC SID/XS YS ZS
Optional continuation lines for "Master" definition for pattern repetition constraint:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MASTER
C AID/
C OORD C ID YC A ZC A C FID/XC F YC F ZC F
XC A
C SID/
YC S ZC S C TID/XC T YC T ZC T
XC S
Optional continuation lines for "Slave" definition for pattern repetition constraint:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SLAVE DSIZE_ID SX SY SZ
C OORD C ID C AID/ YC A ZC A C FID/XC F YC F ZC F

XC A
C SID/
YC S ZC S C TID/XC T YC T ZC T
XC S
Optional continuation lines for fatigue constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATIGUE FTYPE FBOUND
Optional continuation lines for zone based free-sizing definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GROUP EG1 EG2 EG3 EG4 EG5 EG6
EG7 EG8 EG9 … … … …
Alternate continuation line for zone based free-sizing definition (Alternate Format):
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GROUP EG1 THRU EG2
Field Contents
ID Each DSIZE card must have a unique ID.
PTYPE Property type for which DSIZE card is defined.
No default (PCOMP, PCOMPG, PSHELL, or STACK)
PID# Property identification numbers. List of properties of type

PTYPE for which this DSIZE card is defined. Use ALL in PID1
field if it applies to all properties of type PTYPE in the model.
No default (Integer > 0, or ALL)

Field Contents
THICK THICK flag indicating that minimum and possibly maximum

thickness value are to follow.
T0 Minimum thickness.
For PTYPE = PSHELL, this refers to the minimum thickness of the

shell. If no value is entered for T0, the T0 value on the PSHELL
card is used. If T0 is not defined on the PSHELL card, then
T0=0.0 is assumed.
This option does not apply for PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG, or

STACK.
T1 Maximum thickness.
For PTYPE = PSHELL, this refers to the maximum thickness of

the shell. If no value is entered for T1, the T value on the
PSHELL card is used.
This option does not apply for PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG, or

STACK.
Default = blank (Real > T0)
STRESS STRESS flag indicating that von Mises stress constraints are
active and that an upper bound value for the stress is to follow.
See comment 4.
UBOUND Upper bound constraint on von Mises stress.
MEMBSIZ MEMBSIZ flag indicating that member size control is active for
the properties listed. Indicates that MINDIM is to follow.
MINDIM Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to eliminate small members. It also eliminates
checkerboard results. See comment 3.
Default = No minimum member size control (Real > 0.0)
COMP COMP flag indicating that composite manufacturing constraints

are applied. Indicates that information about manufacturing
constraints is to follow. See comment 5.

Field Contents
LAMTHK LAMTHK flag indicating that laminate thickness constraints are

applied. Multiple LAMTHK constraints are allowed. See
comment 5.
LTMIN Minimum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.
LTMAX Maximum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > LTMIN)
LTSET Set ID of elements to which the LAMTHK constraint is applied.
LTEXC Exclusion flag indicating that certain plies are excluded from the
LAMTHK constraint. The following options are supported:

PLYTHK PLYTHK flag indicating that ply thickness constraints are

applied. Multiple PLYTHK constraints are allowed.
PTGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
PLYTHK constraint is applied, depending on the PTOPT
selection.
PTMIN Minimum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.
PTMAX Maximum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > PTMIN)
PTOPT Ply selection options for the PLYTHK constraint. Plies can be
selected based on the following:

Field Contents
BYSET: Ply sets

BYPLY: Ply IDs
PTSET Set ID of elements to which the PLYTHK constraint is applied.
PTEXC Exclusion flag indicating that certain plies are excluded from the
PLYTHK constraint. The following options are supported:

PLYPCT PLYPCT flag indicating that ply thickness percentage constraints

are applied. Multiple PLYPCT constraints are allowed.
PPGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
PLYPCT constraint is applied, depending on the PPOPT selection.
PPMIN Minimum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and < 1.0)
PPMAX Maximum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0, < 1.0 and > PPMIN)
PPOPT Ply selection options for the PLYPCT constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PPSET Set ID of elements to which the PLYPCT constraint is applied.
PPEXC Exclusion flag indicating that certain plies are excluded from the
PLYPCT constraint. The following options are supported:


Field Contents

PLYMAN PLYMAN flag indicating that manufacturable ply thickness

constraints are applied. Multiple PLYMAN constraints are
allowed.
PMGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
PLYMAN constraint is applied, depending on the PMOPT
selection.
PMMAN Manufacturable ply thickness. See comment 6.
PMOPT Ply selection options for the PLYMAN constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PMSET Set ID of elements to which the PLYMAN constraint is applied.
PMEXC Exclusion flag indicating that certain plies are excluded from the
PLYMAN constraint. The following options are supported:

BALANCE BALANCE flag indicating that a balancing constraint is applied.

Multiple BALANCE constraints are allowed.
BGRP1 First ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
BALANCE constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT
selection.

Field Contents
BGRP2 Second ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which
the BALANCE constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT
selection.
BOPT Ply selection options for the BALANCE constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
CONST CONST flag indicating that a constant thickness constraint is

applied. Multiple CONST constraints are allowed.
CGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
CONST constraint is applied, depending on the COPT selection.
CTHICK Constant ply thickness for the CONST constraint.
COPT Ply selection options for the CONST constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PLYDRP Indicates that ply drop-off constraints are applied. Multiple

PLYDRP constraints are allowed.
PDGRP Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
PLYDRP constraint is applied, depending on the PDOPT selection.
No default. (Real or Integer)
PDTYP PDTYP specifies the type of the drop-off constraint as:
PLYSLP (Default)
PLYDRP
TOTSLP

Field Contents
TOTDRP
(see Comment 11)
PDMAX Maximum allowed drop-off for the PLYDRP constraint.
PDOPT Ply selection options for the PLYDRP constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PDSET Set IDs of elements to which the PLYDRP constraint is applied.
PDEXC Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the
PLYDRP constraint. The following options are supported:

CORE: The core is excluded. (Default).
PDDEF Optional definition to fine-tune the drop-off constraint.

Currently only DIRECT is available to request directional drop-
off, in which case PDX, PDY and PDZ specify the drop-off
direction. See comment 12.
PDX, PDY, PDZ Used to specify the drop-off direction when DIRECT is input in
the PDDEF field. See comment 12.
PATRN PATRN flag indicating that pattern grouping is active for the
properties listed. Indicates that information for pattern
grouping is to follow.
TYP Indicates the type of pattern grouping requested. See

comment 1.
Default = No pattern grouping (1, 2, 3, 9, or 10)
AID/XA, YA, ZA Anchor point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by
entering a grid ID in the AID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields. These coordinates will
be in the basic coordinate system. See comment 1.

Field Contents
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
FID/XF, YF, ZF First point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by
entering a grid ID in the FID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XF, YF, and ZF fields. These coordinates will
No default (Real in all three fields or Integer in the first field)
UCYC Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This field

defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical symmetry.
The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0/UCYC. See
comment 1.
SID/XS, YS, ZS Second point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by
entering a grid ID in the SID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XS, YS, and ZS fields. These coordinates will
MASTER MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used as
a master pattern for pattern repetition. See comment 2.
SLAVE SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slave to the
master pattern definition referenced by the following DSIZE_ID
entry. See comment 2.
DSIZE_ID DSIZE identification number for a master pattern definition.
SX, SY, SZ Scale factors for pattern repetition, in X, Y, and Z directions

respectively. See comment 2.
COORD COORD flag indicating information regarding the coordinate

system for pattern repetition is to follow. This is required if
either MASTER or SLAVE flags are present.
CID Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system that

may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate system. See
comment 2.

Field Contents
CAID/XCA, YCA, ZCA Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field or
by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and ZCA
fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
system. See comment 2.
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point
may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field or by
entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and ZCF
CSID/XCS, YCS, ZCS Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field or
by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and ZCS
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point
may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field or by
entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and ZCT
FATIGUE FATIGUE flag indicating that fatigue constraints are active and
their definition is to follow.
FTYPE Specifies the type of fatigue constraint; it can be DAMAGE, LIFE

or FOS.
FBOUND Specifies the bound value. If FTYPE is DAMAGE, FBOUND will be

the upper bound of fatigue damage. If FTYPE is LIFE or FOS,
FBOUND will be the lower bound of fatigue life (LIFE) or Factor
of Safety (FOS), respectively.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
GROUP Specifies the definition of zone based free-sizing optimization.

Indicates that element group IDs will follow.
EG# Element group numbers. Element groups are created through

element sets. See comment 7.
THRU This keyword can be used in the optional alternate format to

define zone based free-sizing optimization.
This keyword is used for ID range definition to indicate that all

ID’s between the preceding ID (EG1) and the following ID (EG2)
are to be included in the set.
Comments
1. There are currently five pattern grouping options for free-size optimization:
1-plane symmetry (TYP = 1)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point and the first point be defined.
A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the plane of symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and second point
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane of
symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
vector from the anchor point to this projected point is normal to the second plane of
symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and second point
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane of
symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry. The third plane of symmetry is orthogonal to both the first and second planes
of symmetry, passing through the anchor point.
Cyclic (TYP = 10)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and number of
cyclical repetitions be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines
the axis of symmetry.
Cyclic with symmetry (TYP = 11)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, second point,
and number of cyclical repetitions be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first

point defines the axis of symmetry. The anchor point, first point, and second point all lay
on a plane of symmetry. A plane of symmetry lies at the center of each cyclical
repetition.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Grouping for Free-Size Optimization
page contained within the User’s Guide section Manufacturability for Free-Size
Optimization.
2. Pattern repetition allows similar regions of the design domain to be linked together so as
to produce similar topological layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of "Master"
and "Slave" regions. A DSIZE card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag. For both
"Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and is
described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
system may be a left-handed or right-handed Cartesian system. The coordinate system
may be defined in one of two ways, listed here in order of precedence:
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the coordinate
system (this is the only way to define a left-handed system):
- A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the x-axis.
- The second point lies on the x-y plane, indicating the positive sense of the y-axis.
- The third point indicates the positive sense of the z-axis.
A rectangular coordinate system and an anchor point are defined. If only an anchor
point is defined, it is assumed that the basic coordinate system is to be used.
Multiple "Slaves" may reference the same "Master."
Scale factors may be defined for "Slave" regions, allowing the "Master" layout to be
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition for Free-Size Optimization
contained within the User’s Guide section Manufacturability for Free-Size Optimization.
3. It is recommended that a MINDIM value be chosen which allows for the formation of
members that are at least three elements thick. When pattern grouping constraints are
active, a MINDIM value of three times the average element edge length is enforced, and
user-defined values (which are smaller than this value) will be replaced by this value.
4. Von Mises stress constraints may be defined for topology and free-size optimization
through the STRESS optional continuation line on the DTPL or the DSIZE card. There are
a number of restrictions with this constraint:
The definition of stress constraints is limited to a single von Mises permissible stress.
The phenomenon of singular topology is pronounced when different materials with
different permissible stresses exist in a structure. Singular topology refers to the
problem associated with the conditional nature of stress constraints that is the stress
constraint of an element disappears when the element vanishes. This creates another
problem in that a huge number of reduced problems exist with solutions that cannot
usually be found by a gradient-based optimizer in the full design space.
Stress constraints for a partial domain of the structure are not allowed because they
often create an ill-posed optimization problem since elimination of the partial domain
would remove all stress constraints. Consequently, the stress constraint applies to the

entire model when active, including both design and non-design regions, and stress
constraint settings must be identical for all DSIZE and DTPL cards.
The capability has built-in intelligence to filter out artificial stress concentrations
around point loads and point boundary conditions. Stress concentrations due to
boundary geometry are also filtered to some extent as they can be improved more
effectively with local shape optimization.
Due to the large number of elements with active stress constraints, no element stress
report is given in the table of retained constraints in the .out file. The iterative
history of the stress state of the model can be viewed in HyperView or HyperMesh.
Stress constraints do not apply to 1D elements.

Stress constraints may not be used when enforced displacements are present in the
model.
5. The following manufacturing constraints are available for composite free-sizing
optimization:
Lower and upper bounds on the total thickness of the laminate (LAMTHK).
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness of a given orientation (PLYTHK).
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness percentage of a given orientation (PLYPCT).
Linking between the thicknesses of two given orientations (BALANCE).
Constant (non-designable) thickness of a given orientation (CONST).
LAMTHK, PLYTHK, PLYPCT, and PLYMAN can be applied locally to sets of elements.
There can be elements that do not belong to any set.
For a more detailed description and an example, refer to Optimization of Composite
Structures in the User’s Guide.
6. PLYMAN has no influence on the free-size phase, but this information will be translated
into the TMANUF entry on the PLY card for the sizing phase.
7. Elements within each group will have uniform ply thicknesses.
8. The core is designable by default. It can be made non-designable through the CONST
manufacturing constraint. To facilitate this, the keyword CORE can be used instead of a
ply ID when BYPLY is activated.
9. The core is excluded from the LAMTHK, PLYTHK, PLYPCT and PLYMAN manufacturing
constraints by default.
10. Legacy data field PTMAN (for manufacturable ply thickness) defined on the PLYTHK and
PLYPCT entries is supported. However, it is now recommended to define the
manufacturable ply thickness in the PMMAN field through the PLYMAN continuation line as
this offers more control.
11. The options for selecting the type of drop-off constraints for PDTYP are defined for a set
of plies, as shown in the figures below:
The options for PDTYP are:
PLYSLP

PLYDRP
TOTSLP
TOTDRP
Assuming that the plies are stacked as shown above, you have the following definitions:


12. The optional PDDEF definition is used to fine-tune the drop-off constraint. Currently, only
the DIRECT option is available for the PDDEF field.
Field Value
PDDEF DIRECT – This option allows you to fine-tune the drop-off

constraint by requesting directional drop-off. The direction of
drop-off can be specified by defining a directional vector with
respect to the basic coordinate system. The directional vector
is defined using the PDX, PDY and PDZ values.
PDX, PDY, PDZ PDX, PDY and PDZ are real numbers.
These values are used to specify the drop-off direction when

DIRECT is input in the PDDEF field. They specify the three
components of a directional vector defined with respect to the
Example:
If drop-off control is required in the X-direction, then 1,0,0
can be defined in the PDX, PDY, PDZ fields respectively. 0,1,0
can be defined for Y-direction drop-off control.

DSYSID
Bulk Data Entry
DSYSID – Design Objective for System Identification
Description
Defines responses and their target values for a system identification problem.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSYSID DOID LABEL RID1 SID1 T1 W1
+ RID2 SID2 T2 W2
+ ...
+ RIDn SIDn Tn Wn
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DSYSID 22 SYS 3 4 0.002
+ 5 5 0.05
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRESP1 3 TZ488 DISP 3 488
DRESP1 5 TZ601 DISP 3 601

Field Contents
DOID Design objective identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RIDi DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 identification number.
(Integer > 0)
SIDi Subcase identification number; use ALL if it applies to all subcases.
Ti Target value.
No default (Real)
Wi Weighting factor.
Comments
1. If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a DESOBJ subcase entry, a least squares objective
function is used in the optimization. The objective function is the sum of the squared,
weighted, normalized differences between the target responses and those calculated by
the finite element analysis:
If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a MINMAX or MAXMIN subcase entry, the beta
method is applied in the optimization as follows:
2. DSYSID entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP1, DRESP2,
and DRESP3 entries.

3. DRESP1, DRESP2, and DRESP3 entries referenced by the DSYSID entry can define only a
single response per subcase when the DESOBJ formulation is used. There is no such
limitation with the MINMAX or MAXMIN formulations.
4. In order to use DSCREEN to control the number of retained responses when performing a
system identification, RTYPE=EQUA needs to be used on the DSCREEN entry.

DTABLE
Bulk Data Entry
DTABLE – Table of Constants
Description
List of constants to be used in functions defined by DEQATN.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTABLE LABL1 VAL1 LABL2 VAL2 LABL3 VAL3 LABL4 VAL4
LABL5 VAL5 Etc…
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTABLE W 123.00 H 321.00 B 55.55 AGE 21
C 36.0 WST 24.0 HPS 35.0
Field Contents
LABLi Constant Label.
(Character)
VALi Constant value.
(Real)
Comments
1. If a DTABLE entry has a pair of blank fields, they are ignored. If there are other
constants after the blank fields, they are read in.
2. If fields are full of zeros, the constant label is "0", and the value is 0.0.
3. This card is represented as an optimization table entry in HyperMesh.

DTI,SPECSEL
Bulk Data Entry
DTI,SPECSEL – Response Spectra Input Correlation Table
Description
Correlates spectra lines specified on TABLED1 entries with damping values.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTI SPEC SEL ID TYPE TID1 DAMP1 TID2 DAMP2
TID3 DAMP3 … … … … … …
… …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTI SPEC SEL 99 A 2 0.0 3 0.02
4 0.04
Field Contents
ID DTI,SPECSEL identification number.
TYPE Type of spectrum. Can be either acceleration (A), velocity (V) or

displacement (D).
No default (A, V, D)

Field Contents
TID# Identification number of a TABLED1 entry that defines a line of the

spectrum.
DAMP# Damping value assigned to TID#.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. All DTI,SPECSEL cards must have unique ID numbers.
2. The TID#, DAMP# pairs list the TABLED1 entry, which defines a line of the spectrum and
the damping value assigned to it. The damping value is in the units of fraction of critical
damping.
3. Refer to Response Spectrum Analysis in the User’s Guide for more details.

DTI,UNITS
Bulk Data Entry
DTI,UNITS – Units Definition
Description
Defines units for multi-body, component mode synthesis (flexible-body preparation), and
geometric nonlinear solution sequences.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTI UNITS 1 MASS FORC E LENGTH TIME
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTI UNITS 1 KG N M S
Field Contents
MASS Units of mass. See comment 1.
Default = KG (KG, LBM, SLUG, GRAM, OZM, KLBM, MGG, SLINCH, UG, NG,
USTON, or MG)
FORCE Units of force. See comment 2.
Default = N (N, LBF, KGF, OZF, DYNE, KN, KLBF, MN, UN, or NN)
LENGTH Units of length. See comment 3.
Default = MM (MM, KM, M, CM, MI, FT, IN, UM, NM, ANG, YD, MIL, or
UIN)
TIME Units of time. See comment 4.
Default = S (S, H, MIN, MS, US, NANOSEC, or D)

Comments
1. The following options are available for input for MASS:
kg kilogram
lbm pound-mass
slug slug
gram gram
ozm ounce-mass
klbm kilo pound-mass (1000.lbm)
mgg megagram
slinch 12 slugs
ug Microgram
ng Nanogram
uston US ton
mg Milligram
2. The following options are available for input for FORCE:
n newton
lbf pounds-force
kgf kilograms-force
ozf ounce-force
dyne dyne
kn kilonewton
klbf kilo pound-force (1000.lbf)
mn Millinewton

un Micronewton
nn Nanonewton
3. The following options are available for input for LENGTH:
km kilometer
m meter
cm centimeter
mm millimeter
mi mile
ft foot
in inch
um Micrometer
nm Nanometer
ang Angstrom
yd Yard
mil Milli-inch
uin Micro-inch
4. The following options are available for input for TIME:
s seconds
h hours
min minutes
ms milliseconds
us Microsecond

nanosec Nanosecond
d day
5. PARAM, WTMASS is ignored for the multi-body and component mode synthesis (flexible-
body preparation) solution sequences. Unit data for these solution sequences is supplied
on the DTI,UNITS bulk data entry.
6. This DTI, UNITS data entry is the same as the UNITS entry.

DTPG
Bulk Data Entry
DTPG – Design Variable for Topography Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topography design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPG ID TYPE PID1/DVID PID2 PID3 PID4 PID5 PID6
PID7 … … … … … …
MW ANG BF HGT Norm/XD YD ZD SKIP
PATRN2 UC YC SID/XS YS ZS
BOUNDS LB UB INIT
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MASTER

XC A
C SID/ YC S ZC S C TID/ YC T ZC T
XC S XC T

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SLAVE DTPL_ID SX SY SZ

XC A
XC S XC T
Example 1
This example defines a topography design variable which allows for swages to be created in
components referencing the PSHELL properties 1, 9, and 23. The swages will have a
minimum width of 3 units, a draw angle of 600, and a maximum height of 5 units. The draw
direction will be in the element’s normal direction, but the swages may grow in either the
positive or negative direction. The swages should be grouped such that they form a
cyclical pattern of 1200 intervals about the z-axis, through the point (0,25,0), and they
also should be symmetrical about the xy plane.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPG 1 PSHELL 1 9 23
3.0 60.0 Yes 5.0 Norm both
PATRN 50 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
PATRN2 3 1.0 0.0 0.0
BOUNDS -1.0 1.0
Example 2
This example defines a topography design variable that references the shape variables
defined by the DVGRIDs with ID 1. The swages will have a minimum width of 5 units and a
draw angle of 750. The height and draw direction of the swages is defined by the DVGRID
cards. Also ensure that the swages can only grow in the positive direction as defined by
the DVGRID cards.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPG 1 DVGRID 1
5.0 75.0 YES
BOUNDS 0.0 1.0
Field Contents
ID Each DTPG card must have a unique ID.
TYPE Indicate whether DTPG card is defined for PSHELL, PCOMP, or

DVGRID.
No default (PSHELL, PCOMP, or DVGRID)
PID/DVID If TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP, then this entry is a Property

identification number. Use ALL if it applies to all properties of type
PTYPE in the model. Numerous PIDs may be given.
If TYPE is DVGRID, then this entry is the Design Variable Number for a
set of DVGRIDs. Only one DVID may be given.
MW Bead minimum width. This parameter controls the width of the beads
in the model [recommended value between 1.5 and 2.5 times the
average element width]. See comment 1.
ANG Draw angle in degrees. This parameter controls the angle of the
sides of the beads (recommended value between 60 and 75 degrees).
See comment 1.
No default (1.0 < Real < 89.0)
BF Buffer zone. This parameter will establish a buffer zone between

elements in the design domain and elements outside the design
domain. See comment 2.

Field Contents
Default = YES (YES, or NO)
HGT Draw height. This parameter sets the maximum height of the beads
to be drawn. This field is only valid if TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP.
norm/XD,YD,ZD Draw direction. If norm/XD field is ‘norm’, the shape variables will be
created in the normal directions of the elements. If all the fields are
real, the shape variable will be created in the direction specified by
the xyz vector defined by the three fields. The X, Y, and Z values
are in the global coordinate system. This field is only valid if TYPE is
PSHELL or PCOMP.
Default = NORM (NORM in norm/XD field or Real in all three fields)
SKIP Boundary skip. This parameter tells OptiStruct to leave certain nodes
out of the design domain. If ‘none’, all nodes attached to elements
whose PIDs are specified will be a part of the shape variables. If ‘bc’
or ‘spc’, any nodes which have SPC or SPC1 declarations are omitted
from the design domain. If ‘load’, any nodes which have FORCE,
FORCE1, MOMENT, MOMENT1, or SPCD declarations are omitted from
the design domain. If ‘both’, nodes with either ‘spc’ or ‘load’
declarations are omitted from the design domain. This field is only
valid if TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP.
Default = BOTH (BOTH, BC, SPC, LOAD, or NONE)
PATRN PATRN flag indicating that variable pattern grouping is active.

Indicates that information about the pattern group will follow.
TYP Type of variable grouping pattern. Required if any symmetry or

variable pattern grouping is desired. If zero or blank, anchor node,
first vector, and second vector definitions are ignored. If less than
20, second vector definition is ignored. See comment 4.
AID/XA,YA,ZA Variable grouping pattern anchor point. These fields define a point
that determines how grids are grouped into variables. See comment
3. The X, Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You
may put a grid ID in the AID/XA field to define the anchor point.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in AID/XA field)

Field Contents
FID/XF,YF,ZF Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping. These fields
define an xyz vector which determines how grids are grouped into
variables (See comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are in the global
coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in the FID/XF field to
define the first vector. This vector goes from the anchor point to
this grid. If all fields are blank and the TYP field is not blank or zero,
OptiStruct gives an error.
No default
PATRN2 PATRN2 flag indicating variable pattern grouping continuation card.

This card is only required when a second vector is needed to define
the pattern grouping.
UCYC Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This field

defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical symmetry. The
angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 / UCYC. See comment 4.
SID/XS,YS,ZS Direction used to determine second vector for variable pattern

grouping. These fields define an xyz vector which, when combined
with the first vector, form a plane. The second vector is calculated
to lie in that plane and is perpendicular to the first vector. The
second vector is sometimes required to determine how grids are
grouped into variables (See comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are
in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in the SID/XS
field to define the second vector. This vector goes from the anchor
point to this grid. If all fields are blank and the TYP field contains a
value of 20 or higher, OptiStruct gives an error.
No default
BOUNDS BOUNDS flag indicating that information on upper and lower limits and
the initial value for grid movement are to follow.
LB Lower bound on variables controlling grid movement. This sets the

lower bound on grid movement equal to LB*HGT.
Default = 0.0 (Real < UB)
UB Upper bound on variables controlling grid movement. This sets the

upper bound on grid movement equal to UB*HGT.
Default = 1.0 (Real > LB)

Field Contents
INIT The initial value of the variables controlling grid movement. This sets
the initial value on grid movement equal to INIT*HGT.
Default = LB + factor*(UB-LB), if LB > 0.0 and UB > 0.0
Default = UB - factor*(UB-LB), if LB < 0.0 and UB < 0.0
Default = factor*max(abs(LB),UB), if LB < 0.0 and UB > 0.0
where:
factor = 0.0 if this DTPG is not used in a BEADFRAC response or is

used in a BEADFRAC response that is neither chosen as the
objective nor constrained.
factor = 0.9 if this DTPG is used in a BEADFRAC response that is

chosen as the objective.
factor = constraint_value if this DTPG is used in a BEADFRAC

response that is constrained.
(LB < Real < UB)
MASTER MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used as a
master pattern for pattern repetition.
COORD COORD flag indicating information regarding the coordinate system for
pattern repetition is to follow. This is required if either MASTER or
SLAVE flags are present.
CID Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system that may

be used as the pattern repetition coordinate system. See comment
6.
CAID/XCA, Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point
YCA, ZCA may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and ZCA fields. These
coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system. See comment 6.
CFID/XCF, YCF, First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point may
ZCF be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field or by entering X, Y,

Field Contents
and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and ZCF fields. These

CSID/XCS, Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point
YCS, ZCS may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and ZCS fields. These
CTID/XCT, Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point may
YCT, ZCT be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field or by entering X, Y,
and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and ZCT fields. These
SLAVE SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slaved to the master
pattern definition referenced by the following DTPL_ID entry. See
comment 6.
DTPL_ID DTPL identification number for a master pattern definition.
SX, SY, SZ Scale factors for pattern repetition in X, Y, and Z directions

Comments
1. The bead minimum width and draw angles are used to determine the geometry of the
shape variables. The figure below shows a cross-section of a single shape variable fully
extended normal to the plane of the design elements. The top of the bead is flat across
the circular area with a diameter equal to the minimum bead width parameter. The sides
of the bead taper down at an angle equal to the draw angle parameter.

Bead width and draw angle definitions
2. The buffer zone is a parameter that controls how the interfaces between design and non-
design elements are treated. If active, OptiStruct will place the shape variables far
enough away from the non-design elements so that the proper bead widths and draw
angles are maintained. If inactive, the boundary between the beads and non-design
elements will have an abrupt transition. Any nodes that were skipped due to the
boundary skip parameter (field 10) will also have a buffer zone created around them.
Transitions between design and non-design elements with and without buffer zone
3. Symmetry of topography optimization can be enforced across one, two, or three planes.
Defining symmetry planes for symmetric model and loading conditions is recommended
because automatic variable generation may not be symmetric if it is not enforced. A
symmetric mesh is not necessary, OptiStruct will create variables that are very close to
identical across the plane(s) of symmetry. If the mesh is larger on one side of the
plane(s) of symmetry than the other, OptiStruct will reflect variables created on the
‘positive’ side of the plane(s) of symmetry to the other side(s) but will not create
variables on the ‘negative’ side(s) of the plane(s) of symmetry that do not overlap with
the positive side. The positive side of the plane(s) of symmetry is the one in which the
first vector, second vector, and cross product thereof are pointing toward.
4. Variable pattern grouping may be defined for a DTPG card. OptiStruct will generate shape
variables based on the type of pattern selected in field 20. For variable grouping pattern
types 1 through 14, only the first vector and anchor node need to be defined. For
variable pattern grouping types 20 or higher, the first and second vectors need to be
defined as well as the anchor node. If a grid is used to define the first vector, the normal
vector will begin at the anchor point and extend towards the given grid (see below).
Grids or xyz data may be used for either the first vector, second vector, or anchor point
and can be a mixture, (that is the anchor point may be determined by a grid and the first
vector determined by xyz data or vice-versa).
One very useful feature for topography optimization in OptiStruct is the automatic
generation of shape variables in simple patterns. In many cases, due to manufacturing
constraints or the risk of elements being collapsed upon them during shape optimization, it

is required to create shape variables in patterns that conform to the desired shape of the
part. In basic topography optimization (TYP = 0), OptiStruct creates shape variables that
are circular. OptiStruct contains a library of different shape variable patterns which can
be accessed using the TYP parameter on the DTPG card.
Defining the first vector using a grid point
The second vector is calculated by taking the grid point or vector defined in fields 22, 23,
and 24 and projecting it onto plane 1. If a grid point was used to define the second
vector, the second vector is a vector running from the anchor node to the projected grid
point. If a vector was used to define the second vector, the base of the projected
vector is placed at the anchor point. The second vector is normal to plane 2 (see
below).
Plane 3 is determined to be normal to both plane 1 and plane 2 (see below).
5. For a list of patterns supported by OptiStruct, refer to Pattern Grouping Options.

to produce similar topographical layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of
"Master" and "Slave" regions. A DTPG card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag.
Bead parameters will not be exported for any DTPG cards containing the SLAVE flag. For
both "Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and
is described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to the define the coordinate
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topography Optimization.

DTPL
Bulk Data Entry
DTPL – Design Variable for Topology Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topology design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPL ID PTYPE PID1 PID2 PID3 PID4 PID5 PID6
PID7 … … … … … …
… …
Optional continuation lines for minimum thickness definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TMIN T0
Optional continuation lines for stress constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STRESS UBOUND
Optional continuation lines for member size constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MEMBSIZ MINDIM MAXDIM MINGAP

Optional continuation lines for mesh type definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MESH MTYP
Optional continuation lines for draw direction constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DRAW DTYP DAID/ YDA ZDA DFID/ YDF ZDF

XDA XDF
OBST OPID1 OPID2 OPID3 OPID4 OPID5 OPID6 OPID7
OPID8 … … … … … …
NOHOLE
STAMP TSTAMP
Optional continuation lines for extrusion constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EXTR ETYP
EPATH1 EP1_ID1 EP1_ID2 EP1_ID3 EP1_ID4 EP1_ID5 EP1_ID6 EP1_ID7
EP1_ID8 … … … … … …
… …
EPATH2 EP2_ID1 EP2_ID2 EP2_ID3 EP2_ID4 EP2_ID5 EP2_ID6 EP2_ID7
EP2_ID8 … … … … … …
… …

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MASTER
C OORD C ID C AID/ YC A ZC A C FID/ YC F ZC F

XC A XC F
XC S XC T
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SLAVE DTPL_ID SX SY SZ
C OORD C ID C AID/ YC A ZC A C FID/ YC F ZC F

XC A XC F
XC S XC T
Optional continuation lines for pattern grouping constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
UC YC SID/XS YS ZS
Optional continuation lines for material definition if PTYPE=COMP:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT MATOPT
Optional continuation lines for fatigue constraint definition:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATIGUE FTYPE FBOUND

Optional continuation lines for Level Set Method (Topology Optimization) activation:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LEVELSE HOLEIN HOLERA NHOLES NHOLES NHOLES

T ST D X Y Z
Example 1
Define a topology design variable that allows the thickness of components referencing the
PSHELL properties 7, 8, and 17 to vary between 1.0 and 5.0 (the thickness defined on
PSHELL definitions with PID 7, 8, and 17 is 5.0). The optimized design should contain
members whose width is no less than 60.0 units.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPL 1 PSHELL 7 8 17
MEMBSIZ 60.0
TMIN 1.0
Example 2
Define a topology design variable for components referencing the PSOLID properties 4, 5,
and 6. The optimized design should contain members whose diameter is no less than 60.0
units. The final design will be manufactured using a casting process, where the draw
direction lies along the x-axis. The components referencing PSOLID properties 10, 11, and
12 are non-designable, but will form part of the same casting as the designable
components.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DTPL 1 PSOLID 4 5 6
MEMBSIZ 60.0
DRAW SPLIT 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

OBST 10 11 12
Field Contents
ID Each DTPL card must have a unique ID.
PTYPE Property type for which DTPL card is defined, PBAR, PBARL,
PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PROD, PWELD, PSHELL, PCOMP, or
PSOLID.
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PROD,

PWELD, PSHELL, PCOMP, or PSOLID)
PID# Property identification numbers. List of properties of type

PTYPE for which this DTPL card is defined. Use ALL in PID1
field, if it applies to all properties of type PTYPE in the
model.
If no PIDs are listed, OptiStruct will check all properties of

type PTYPE to see if they are to be included in the design
space (see help section for PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID).
If any properties satisfy this search, then they will be
affected by entries on this card. In this situation (where no
PIDs are defined), only one DTPL card can be defined for the
given PTYPE.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)
TMIN TMIN flag indicating that minimum thickness value will follow.
Only valid when PTYPE = PSHELL.
If not present when PTYPE = PSHELL, then minimum

thickness will default to the T0 value defined on the PSHELL
card. If no T0 value is defined on the PSHELL card, the
minimum thickness will default to 0.0.
T0 Minimum thickness for PSHELL properties when the

referenced material is of type MAT1.
If PSHELL references a material which is not of type MAT1,

this value is ignored and T0 = 0.0 is used.
If no value is entered for T0, the T0 value on the PSHELL

card is used. If T0 is not defined on the PSHELL card, then
T0=0.0 is assumed.

Field Contents
STRESS STRESS flag indicating that stress constraints are active

and that an upper bound value for stress is to follow. See
comment 1.
UBOUND Upper bound constraint on stress.
MEMBSIZ MEMBSIZ flag indicating that member size control is active

for the properties listed. Indicates that MINDIM and possibly
MAXDIM are to follow.
MINDIM Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to eliminate small members. It also
eliminates checkerboard results. See comment 2.
Default = No Minimum Member Size Control (Real > 0.0)
MAXDIM Specifies the maximum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to prevent the formation of large members.
It can only be used in combination with MINDIM. See
comment 3.
Default = No Maximum Member Size Control (Real > 0.0)
MINGAP Defines the minimum spacing between structural members

formed. This command can only be used in conjunction with
MAXDIM. See comment 3.
Default = blank (Real > MAXDIM)
MESH MESH flag indicating that mesh type information is to follow.
MTYP Indicates that the mesh conforms to certain rules for which
the optimizer is tuned. Currently, only the ALIGN option is
available. ALIGN indicates that when manufacturing
constraints are active, the mesh is aligned with the draw
direction or extrusion path. See comment 4.
Default = blank (ALIGN or blank)
DRAW DRAW flag indicating that casting constraints are being

applied. Indicates that draw direction information is to
follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PSOLID. OptiStruct will terminate

with an error if present for other PTYPEs.

Field Contents
DTYP Type of draw direction constraint to be used. Can choose

between SINGLE, SPLIT, SPLIT2, or SPLIT3.
SINGLE indicates that a single die will be used, the die being
withdrawn in the given draw direction.
SPLIT allows the optimization of the splitting surface of two

dies, with both dies moving apart in the given draw
direction.
SPLIT2 and SPLIT3 provide alternative methods to optimize

the splitting surface. These should only be used in the case
where SPLIT creates non-castable cavities.
Default = SPLIT (SINGLE, SPLIT, SPLIT2, or SPLIT3)
DAID/XDA, YDA, ZDA Draw direction anchor point. These fields define the anchor
point for draw direction of the casting. The point may be
defined by entering a grid ID in the DAID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XDA, YDA, and ZDA fields,
these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first

field)
DFID/XDF, YDF, ZDF Direction of vector for draw direction definition. These fields
define a point. The vector goes from the anchor point to
this point. The point may be defined by entering a grid ID in
the DFID field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the
XDF, YDF, and ZDF fields, these coordinates will be in the
OBST OBST flag indicating that a list of PIDs will follow which are
non-designable, but their interaction with designable parts
needs to be considered with regard to the defined draw
direction. OBST stands for obstacle.
Only recognized if DRAW flag is also present on same DTPL

card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if OBST flag is
present without DRAW flag.
OPID# Obstacle property identification number. List of non-

designable properties that are to be considered with regard
to the defined draw direction. These must be PSOLID.
No default (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)

Field Contents
NOHOLE Prevents the formation of through-holes in the draw

direction. Note that it does not prevent holes perpendicular
to the draw direction. The assumed minimum thickness in
the draw direction is twice the average mesh size.
STAMP STAMP flag forcing the design to evolve into a 3D shell

structure. Indicates that thickness, TSTAMP, is to follow.
See comment 5.
TSTAMP Defines the thickness of the 3D shell structure that is

evolved with the STAMP option. The recommended minimum
thickness is three times the average mesh size. See
comment 5.
EXTR EXTR flag indicating that extrusion constraints are being

applied. Indicates that extrusion information is to follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PSOLID. OptiStruct will terminate

with an error if present for other PTYPEs.
ETYP Type of extrusion constraint to be used. Can choose

between NOTWIST or TWIST.
NOTWIST indicates that the cross-section cannot twist

about the neutral axis, in which case only one path needs to
be defined.
TWIST indicates that the cross-section can twist about the

neutral axis, in which case two paths need to be defined.
Default = NOTWIST (NOTWIST or TWIST)
EPATH1 EPATH1 flag indicating that a list of grid IDs will follow to
define the primary extrusion path.
Only recognized if EXTR flag is also present on same DTPL

card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if EPATH1 flag
is present without EXTR flag.
EP1_ID# Primary extrusion path identification numbers. List of grid

IDs that define the primary extrusion path.

Field Contents
EPATH2 EPATH2 flag indicating that a list of grid IDs will follow to
define the secondary extrusion path. This is only required
when ETYP has been set to TWIST.
Only recognized if EXTR flag is also present on same DTPL

card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if EPATH2 flag
is present without EXTR flag.
EP2_ID# Secondary extrusion path identification numbers. List of grid

IDs that define the secondary extrusion path.
MASTER MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used
as a master pattern for pattern repetition. See comment 7.

CID Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system

that may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and
ZCA fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and
ZCF fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field

Field Contents
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and

ZCS fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and
ZCT fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
SLAVE SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slaved to

the master pattern definition referenced by the following
DTPL_ID entry. See comment 7.
DTPL_ID DTPL identification number for a master pattern definition.
SX, SY, SZ Scale factors for pattern repetition in X, Y, and Z directions


CID Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system

that may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and
ZCA fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and

Field Contents
ZCF fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and
ZCS fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and
ZCT fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
PATRN PATRN flag indicating that pattern grouping is active for the
properties listed. Indicates that information for pattern
grouping is to follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID.

OptiStruct will terminate with an error if present for other
PTYPEs.
TYP Indicates the type of pattern grouping requested. See

comment 10.
Default = No Pattern Grouping (1, 2, 3, 9, 10, or 11)
AID/XA, YA, ZA Anchor point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined
by entering a grid ID in the AID field or by entering X, Y, and
Z coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields. These
coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system. See
comment 10.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first

field)
FID/XF, YF, ZF First point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined
by entering a grid ID in the FID field or by entering X, Y, and
Z coordinates in the XF, YF, and ZF fields. These
comment 10.

Field Contents
UCYC Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This

field defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical
symmetry. The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 /
UCYC. See comment 10.
SID/XS, YS, ZS Second point for pattern grouping. The point may be
defined by entering a grid ID in the SID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XS, YS, and ZS fields. These
comment 10.
MAT Indicates the type of composite topology optimization. Only

considered for PTYPE=PCOMP.
MATOPT PLY: Indicates that the optimization should be performed at

the ply level. Topology design variables are applied to each
ply individually. This method allows the optimization process
to determine which orientation is preferred for each
element.
HOMO: Indicates that the optimization should be performed

on the homogenized shell. This is the method which was
used in previous versions of OptiStruct.
Default = PLY
FATIGUE FATIGUE flag indicating that fatigue constraints are active

and their definitions are to follow.
FTYPE Specifies the type of fatigue constraint; it can be DAMAGE,

LIFE or FOS.
FBOUND Specifies the bound value. If FTYPE is DAMAGE, FBOUND will

be the upper bound of fatigue damage. If FTYPE is LIFE or
FOS, FBOUND will be the lower bound of fatigue life (LIFE) or
Factor of Safety (FOS), respectively.
No default (Real)
LEVELSET LEVELSET flag indicating that the Level Set method (for
topology optimization) is activated and the definitions of the
required parameters follow.

Field Contents
HOLEINST Defines the method used to insert holes into the design.
NONE/ADAPT/ALIGN/TOPDER
DEFAULT = ADAPT
NONE: Indicates that there are no holes in the initial design,

and it will work similar to shape optimization.
ADAPT: Indicates that the optimization will start with a

cheese-like initial design, where the holes are adaptively
inserted into the design domain, as illustrated in Figure 2.
This works well with irregular design domains.
ALIGN: Indicates that the optimization will start with evenly

distributed holes aligned with axes X and Y (and Z for 3D) of
the basic coordinate system, as illustrated in Figure 3. This
option is specially developed for regular design domains.
TOPDER: Indicates that OptiStruct will automatically identify

locations for the insertion of holes during the optimization
process.
If the HOLEINST Field is blank, it is set to ADAPT by default
HOLERAD <REAL NUMBER>
DEFAULT = 4 times the average mesh size
A real number that specifies the initial radius of the holes.
If the field HOLERAD is blank, the radius will be set to 4

times the average mesh size.
NHOLESX / NHOLESY / <POSITIVE INTEGER>

NHOLESZ
A positive integer that specifies the number of holes in X
direction (when HOLEINST= ALIGN).
If the field NHOLESX is blank, OptiStruct will automatically

assign a number based on HOLERAD and the dimensions of
the domain.
NHOLESY and NHOLESZ can be inferred by analogy.
Comments
1. Von Mises stress constraints may be defined for topology and free-size optimization
through the STRESS optional continuation line on the DTPL or the DSIZE card. There are
a number of restrictions with this constraint:
The definition of stress constraints is limited to a single von Mises permissible stress.
The phenomenon of singular topology is pronounced when different materials with

different permissible stresses exist in a structure. Singular topology refers to the
problem associated with the conditional nature of stress constraints, that is, the stress
constraint of an element disappears when the element vanishes. This creates another
problem in that a huge number of reduced problems exist with solutions that cannot
usually be found by a gradient-based optimizer in the full design space.
Stress constraints for a partial domain of the structure are not allowed because they
often create an ill-posed optimization problem since elimination of the partial domain
would remove all stress constraints. Consequently, the stress constraint applies to the
entire model when active, including both design and non-design regions, and stress
constraint settings must be identical for all DSIZE and DTPL cards.
The capability has built-in intelligence to filter out artificial stress concentrations
around point loads and point boundary conditions. Stress concentrations due to
boundary geometry are also filtered to some extent as they can be improved more
effectively with local shape optimization.
Due to the large number of elements with active stress constraints, no element stress
report is given in the table of retained constraints in the .out file. The iterative
history of the stress state of the model can be viewed in HyperView or HyperMesh.
Stress constraints do not apply to 1D elements.
Stress constraints may not be used when enforced displacements are present in the
model.
2. It is recommended that a MINDIM value be chosen such that it is at least 3 times, and no
greater than 12 times, the average element size. When pattern grouping, draw direction,
or extrusion constraints are active, a MINDIM value of 3 times the average element size is
enforced, and user-defined values (which are smaller than this value) will be replaced by
this value. However, in cases where a MINDIM greater than 12 times the average
element size is defined, irrespective of whether or not other manufacturing constraints
are defined, the value is reset to be equal to 12 times the average element size.
If MINDIM is defined, but no other manufacturing constraint exists, MINDIM will not be
reset to the recommended lower bound value for PTYPE = PSHELL or PSOLID, if the
defined value is less than the recommended value. For PTYPE = PCOMP, MINDIM will be
reset in the absence of manufacturing constraints.
3. MAXDIM should at least be twice the value of MINDIM. If the input value of MAXDIM is
too small, OptiStruct automatically resets the value and an INFORMATION message is
printed.
The MAXDIM constraint introduces significant restriction to the design problem.

Therefore, it should only be used when it is a necessary design requirement. A study
without MAXDIM should always be carried out in order to compare the impact of this
additional constraint.
MAXDIM implies the application of a MINGAP constraint of the same value as MAXDIM, as
well. Therefore, for MINGAP to be effective, it should be greater than MAXDIM.
It is important to pay attention to volume fraction as the achievable volume is below 50%
when MAXDIM is defined, and further decreases as MINGAP increases.
4. MTYP "ALIGN" may be used in conjunction with draw direction or extrusion manufacturing
constraints to indicate that a mesh is aligned with a draw direction or extrusion path.

Figure 1: Draw direction
Mesh 1 is "aligned" for draw direction 1 in the example shown, but not for draw direction
2.
MTYP "ALIGN" may also be used in conjunction with manufacturing constraints (minimum
member, maximum member, pattern grouping, and pattern repetition) other than draw
direction and extrusion, and Mesh 1 is considered "aligned" for those manufacturing
constraints, too.
In both cases, this will enable OptiStruct to use a smaller minimum member size and
smaller maximum member sizes. The default minimum member size is three times the
average element edge length; with an "aligned" mesh, the default size can be two times
the average element edge length.
Mesh 2 in the example shown is not "aligned" in any case.
5. The stamping constraint is available for only one sheet, which is defined by the
combination of STAMP and DTYP as SINGLE.
It is recommended that the stamping thickness, TSTAMP, be chosen such that it is at

least 3 times the average element size. If TSTAMP is defined less than the minimum
recommended value, TSTAMP will be reset to the minimum recommended value.
STAMP and NOHOLE can be a good combination as this helps to produce a continuous/
spread shell structure.
Note that attention should be paid to the compatibility between thickness and target
volume.
6. Extrusion constraints cannot be combined with draw direction constraints.

to produce similar topological layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of "Master"
and "Slave" regions. A DTPL card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag.
Parameters will not be exported for any DTPL cards containing the SLAVE flag. For both
"Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and is
described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the coordinate
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topology Optimization.
8. Pattern grouping is applicable for PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID components only.
9. For historic reasons, the SYMM flag may be used in place of the PATRN flag.
10. Currently there are six pattern grouping options:
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point and first point to be defined. A
vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the plane of symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and second point to
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane
of symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and second point to
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane
of symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry. The third plane of symmetry is orthogonal to both the first and second planes
of symmetry, passing through the anchor point.
Uniform (TYP = 9)
This type of pattern grouping does not require any additional input.

Cyclic (TYP = 10)
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and number of cyclical
repetitions to be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the
axis of symmetry.
Cyclic with symmetry (TYP = 11)
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, second point, and
number of cyclical repetitions to be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first
point defines the axis of symmetry. The anchor point, first point, and second point all lay
on a plane of symmetry. A plane of symmetry lies at the center of each cyclical
repetition.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Grouping page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topology Optimization.
11. The level set method can merge existing holes but cannot nucleate new holes in the
design domain. Therefore, creating an initial design with holes is necessary, especially for
2D design problems (For 3D design problems, new holes can be “tunneled” when two
surfaces merged).
12. By default, OptiStruct will automatically create a Cheese-Like initial design with holes
adaptively distributed over the design domain, as shown in Figure 2. The default hole
radius is 4.0 times the average mesh size.
Figure 2: A C heese-Like Initial design generated with (left) the default setting, and (right) double hole
radius.
13. Changing the value of HOLERAD can result in different initial designs. Figure 2 (Right)
shows an initial design filled with holes possessing a doubled hole radius when compared
to Figure 2 (Left). If the you wish to create an initial design with evenly distributed and
well aligned holes (this may be preferable for regular design domains), HOLEINST can be
set to ALIGN. The number of holes in each direction can be further specified by using
NHOLESX, NHOLESY and NHOLESZ as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: A C heese-Like initial design with 3-by-5 evenly distributed holes generated using the following
settings: HOLEINST=ALIGN, NHOLESX=5 and NHOLESY=3.
14. Currently, level set supports both SINGLE and SPLIT draw direction constraints. When
multiple DTPL cards are involved, the draw directions need to be the same. The
information needed for draw direction constraint is read from the DTPL cards and thus no
extra settings are required.

DVCREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVCREL1 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Element Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model element property using the equation:
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVC REL1 ID TYPE EID EPNAME/FID C0
DVID1 C OEF1 DVID2 C OEF2 etc.
Field Contents
ID Relationship identification number. ID must be unique with respect to

other DVCREL1 cards.
TYPE Element type to be related (See DVCREL - Types)
EID Element Identification Number.
EPNAME/FID Element property name, such as "K" or “ZOFFS" (as in the documentation
of the element bulk data entries), or field number on an element bulk
data entry.
No default (Character or Integer > 0)
C0 Constant in relationship equation.

Field Contents
DVIDi DESVAR ID.
COEFi Coefficient in relationship equation.
Comments
1. This card is represented as an optimization design variable property relationship in

HyperMesh.

DVCREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVCREL2 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Element Properties via Relationship
Defined by User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates design variables to an analysis model element property using a relationship defined by
a DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and constants
defined on a DTABLE card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVC REL2 ID TYPE EID EPNAME/ EQID

FID
DVID8 DVID9 etc.
LABL8 etc.
Field Contents

other DVCREL2 cards.
TYPE Element type to be related (See DVCREL - Types)
EID Element Identification Number.

Field Contents
EPNAME/FID Element property name, such as "K" or “ZOFFS" (as in the documentation
of the element bulk data entries), or field number on an element bulk
data entry.
DVID# DESVAR ID.
LABL# Constant label. Must match with a constant label of a DTABLE entry.
Comments

HyperMesh.

DVCREL - Types
Types
Depending on the TYPE entry, the FID of the appropriate design parameter can be determined
from the table below.
Type Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field Field
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONM1 M11 M21 M22 M31 M32
FID 11-20 M33 M41 M42 M43 M44 M51 M52 M53
FID 21-30 M54 M55 M61 M62 M63 M64 M65 M66
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONM2 M X1 X2 X3
FID 11- I11 I21 I22 I31 I32 I33

20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CMASS2 M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CMASS4 M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CDAMP2 B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CDAMP4 B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CBAR X1 X2 X3
FID 11- W1A W2A W3A W1B W2B W3B

20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CBEAM X1 X2 X3
FID 11- W1A W2A W3A W1B W2B W3B

20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONROD A J C NSM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CELAS2 K GE S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CELAS4 K GE S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CTRIA3 ZOFFS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CTRIA6
FID 11-20 ZOFFS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CQUAD4 ZOFFS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CQUAD8
FID 11-20 ZOFFS

DVGRID
Bulk Data Entry
DVGRID – Relationship between Design Variable and Grid Point Location
Description
Defines the relationship between a design variable and a grid point location.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVGRID DVID GID C ID C OEFF X Y Z
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVGRID 1 1032 0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
Field Contents
DVID DESVAR identification number.
(Integer > 0)
GID GRID identification number.
(Integer > 0)
COEFF Multiplier to the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
X, Y, Z Components of the vector defining the perturbation of the grid in the

coordinate system defined by CID.

Comments
1. A CID of zero or blank references the basic coordinate system.
2. Multiple references to the same grid ID will yield a summation of perturbation vectors for
the given grid.
3. The DVGRID data defines perturbations in the locations of the grids. The updated
location of the grid is:
where, DVj is the value of design variable j and [N]T is the coordinate transformation
matrix based on the CID and the GRID location.

DVMBRL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVMBRL1 – Relates Design Variables to Properties of MBD Entities
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to properties of an MBD entity using the equation:
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMBRL1 ID TYPE BID/EID PNAME C0
Example 1
To relate the translational x component of stiffness value (K1) on a CMBUSH whose ID is 22

to Design Variable 5.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMBRL1 88 C MBUSH 22 K1 0.0
5 1.
DESVAR 5 5.00 1.50 9.90
Example 2
To relate the mass of a rigid boy whose ID is 3 to design variable 5.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

DVMBRL1 88 PRBODY 3 M 0.0
5 1.
DESVAR 5 5.00 1.50 9.90
Field Contents
ID Response identity. ID must be unique with respect to other DVMBRL1 and

DVMBRL2 cards.
TYPE MBD entity type to be related (see table below).
BID/EID Body ID or Element ID number. When TYPE is PRBODY, this field is the ID
number of a rigid body. When TYPE is CMBUSH(M), CMBEAM(M), or
CMSPDP(m), this field is the ID number of a corresponding element.
PNAME Property name, such as "A" or "L" (as in the documentation of the
PRBODY, CMBEAM(M), CMBUSH(M), and CMSPDP(M) cards).
DVIDi DESVAR ID.

Comments
1. Available TYPEs are PRBODY, CMBUSH, CMBUSHM, CMBEAM, CMBEAMM, CMSPDP, and
CMSPDPM.
2. MBD entity type information:
TYPE Available PNAME
PRBODY IXX
IYY
IZZ
IXY
IXZ
IYZ
X X component of center of gravity.
Y Y component of center of gravity.
Z Z component of center of gravity.
CMBEAM/CMBEAMM L Undeformed length along the X–axis of

the beam.
I1 Area moment of inertia in plane 1

about the neutral axis.

K1 ~ K2 Area factor for shear.
CMBUSH/CMBUSHM K1 ~ K3 Translational stiffness.

K4 ~ K6 Rotational stiffness.
B1 ~ B3 Translational damping.
B4 ~ B6 Rotational damping.
P1 ~ P3 Translational preload.
P4 ~ P6 Rotational preload.
CMSPDP/CMSPDPM K Stiffness
B Damping
PF Preload force.

HyperMesh.

DVMBRL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVMBREL2 – Relates Design Variables to Properties of MBD Entities via Relationship Defined
by User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates a design variable to properties of MBD entities using a relationship defined by a

Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMBRL2 ID PTYPE BID/EID PNAME EQID
DVID8 DVID9 etc.
LABL8 etc.
Field Contents
ID Relationship identity. ID must be unique with respect to other DVMBRL1 and

DVMBRL2 cards.
TYPE Property type to be related (see table below).
BID/EID Body ID or Element ID number. When TYPE is PRBODY, this field is ID

number of a rigid body. When TYPE is CMBUSH(M), CMBEAM(M), or
CMSPDP(m), this field is ID number of a corresponding element.

Field Contents
PNAME Property name, such as "A" or "L" (as in the documentation of the PRBODY,
CMBEAM(M), CMBUSH(M), and CMSPDP(M) cards).
DVIDi DESVAR ID.
Comments
1. Available TYPE are PRBODY, CMBUSH, CMBUSHM, CMBEAM, CMBEAMM, CMSPDP, and
CMSPDPM.
2. Property type table:
PRBODY IXX
IYY
IZZ
IXY
IXZ
IYZ

X X component of center of gravity.
Y Y component of center of gravity.
Z Z component of center of gravity.
CMBEAM/CMBEAMM L Undeformed length along the X–axis of

the beam.


K1 ~ K2 Area factor for shear.
CMBUSH/CMBUSHM K1 ~ K3 Translational stiffness.
K4 ~ K6 Rotational stiffness.
B1 ~ B3 Translational damping.
B4 ~ B6 Rotational damping.
P1 ~ P3 Translational preload.
P4 ~ P6 Rotational preload.
CMSPDP/CMSPDPM K Stiffness
B Damping

PF Preload force

HyperMesh.

DVMREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVMREL1 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Material Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model material property using the equation:
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL1 ID TYPE MID MPNAME/ C0

FID
Example 1
To relate the Damping Coefficient value on a MAT1 card (field 9) to Design Variable 5.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL 17 MAT1 22 9 0.0

1
5 1.0
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines MPNAME in place of
FID.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL 17 MAT1 22 GE 0.0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
5 1.0
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 5 GE 1.0 2.0 0.5
MAT1 22 2.1e5 0.3 7.85e-9 1.0
Field Contents

other DVMREL1 cards.
TYPE Material type to be related (MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, and
MAT9).
MPNAME/FID Material property name, such as "E" or “RHO" (as in the documentation of
the material bulk data entries), or field number on a material bulk data
entry.
DVIDi DESVAR ID.

Comments
1. See the DVMREL - Types section for details on the supported material fields and the
MPNAME/FID entries.

DVMREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVMREL2 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Material Property
Description
Relates design variables to an analysis model material property using a relationship defined by
a DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and constants
defined on a DTABLE card.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL2 ID TYPE MID MPNAME/ EQID

FID
DVID8 DVID9 etc.
LABL8 etc.
Example 1
To relate the Damping Coefficient value on a MAT1 card (field 9) to some user-defined
relationship of design variables 5 and 6 and the table entry GE0.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL 17 MAT1 22 9 1
2
DESVAR 5 6
DTABLE GE0
Example 2

This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines MPNAME in place of
FID.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVMREL 17 MAT1 22 GE 1
2
DESVAR 5 6
DTABLE GE0
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 5 GE1 1.0 2.0 0.5
DESVAR 6 GE2 1.0 1.0 0.01
DTABLE GE0 0.01
DEQATN 1 GE(GE1, GE2, GE0) = GE0+(GE1*GE2)
MAT1 22 2.1e5 0.3 7.85e-9 1.0
Field Contents

other DVMREL2 cards.
TYPE Material type to be related (MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, and
MAT9).

Field Contents
MPNAME/FID Material property name, such as "E" or “RHO" (as in the documentation
of the material bulk data entries), or field number on a material bulk data
entry.
DVID# DESVAR ID.
LABL# Constant label. Must match with a constant label of a DTABLE entry.
Comments
1. See the DVMREL - Types section for details on the supported material fields and the
MPNAME/FID entries.

DVMREL - Types
Types
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT1 E G NU RHO A TREF GE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT2 G11 G12 G13 G22 G23 G33 RHO
FID 11- A1 A2 A12 TREF GE

20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT4 K RHO H HGEN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT5 KXX KXY KXZ KYY KYZ KZZ
FID 11-20 RHO HGEN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT8 E1 E2 NU12 G12 G1,Z G2,Z RHO
FID 11- A1 A2 TREF

20
FID 21- GE

30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MAT9 G11 G12 G13 G14 G15 G16 G22
FID 11-20 G23 G24 G25 G26 G33 G34 G35 G36
FID 21-30 G44 G45 G46 G55 G56 G66 RHO A1
FID 31-40 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 TREF GE

DVPREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVPREL1 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model property using the equation:
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL1 ID TYPE PID PNAME/ C0

FID
Example 1
To relate the thickness value on a PSHELL card (field 4) to Design Variable 5.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL1 88 PSHELL 1 4 0.0
5 1.
DESVAR 5 5.00 1.50 9.90
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines PNAME.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL1 88 PSHELL 1 T 0.0
5 1.
DESVAR 5 5.00 1.50 9.90
Field Contents

other DVPREL1 cards.
TYPE Property type to be related (see DVPREL - Types).
PID Property identification number. When PTYPE is PCOMPG, G# may be

used where # is the GPLYID. When PTYPE is PCOMPP, P# may be used
where # is the PLY ID. See comment 2.
PNAME/FID Property name, such as "A" or "T" (as in the documentation of the
property cards), or field number in property card (see table below). For
the PSHELL property 12I/T3, only the filed number (6) is allowed. For
PBARL and PBEAML only property names are allowed, as different
sections use different fields.
DVIDi DESVAR ID.

Field Contents
Comments
1. TYPE cannot be PSOLID.
a) The DDVAL field of a DESVAR bulk data entry.
b) The SPTID field of a RSPINR bulk data entry.
2. When TYPE is PCOMPG, either global plies or property specific plies may be selected.
To select property specific plies, the format is similar to that used for other property
types where the property identification number of the PCOMPG is entered in the PID field
and then either PNAME or FID is used to identify the value to be related. In this scenario,
only the property with an ID given in the PID field is affected.
To select global plies, G# is entered in the PID field where, # is the GPLYID of a global
ply. In this instance, FID is not applicable so T or THETA is used in the PNAME field to
relate either the thickness or orientation respectively. In this scenario, all plies that use
the given GPLYID are affected.
When TYPE is PCOMPP, P# is entered in the PID field where # is the ID of a PLY entity.
In this instance, FID is not applicable so T or THETA is used in the PNAME field to relate
either the thickness or orientation respectively.
3. PBEAML definitions with more than one section definition may not be referenced by a
DVPREL1.
4. Properties of PBARL/PBEAML have to be controlled through DIMs (cannot be controlled

directly), with the exception of NSM.
5. When TYPE is PBARL or PBEAML, users should pay close attention to the variable ranges
to avoid invalid dimensions. For example, the inner radius of a tube cross-section cannot
exceed the outer radius. It is necessary to prevent combinations of dimensions from
taking on values that are physically meaningless. Some constraints are applied
automatically on section dimensions. The table below summarizes these constraints.
Constraints are satisfied when they are < 0.0.
Section Type Constraint
TUBE DIM2 – DIM1
I DIM4 – DIM2
DIM4 – DIM3

DIM5 + DIM6 – DIM1
CHAN 2 * DIM4 – DIM2
DIM3 – DIM1
T DIM3 – DIM2
DIM4 – DIM1
BOX DIM4 – DIM1
DIM3 – DIM2
CROSS DIM4 – DIM3
H DIM4 – DIM3
T1 DIM4 – DIM1
I1 DIM3 – DIM4
CHAN1 DIM3 – DIM4
Z DIM3 – DIM4
CHAN2 DIM2 – DIM3
2 • DIM1 – DIM4
T2 DIM4 – DIM1
DIM3 – DIM2
BOX1 DIM4 + DIM3 – DIM2
DIM5 + DIM6 – DIM1

HEXA 2 * DIM1 – DIM2
HAT 2 * DIM2 – DIM1
2 * DIM2 – DIM3
L DIM3 – DIM2
DIM4 – DIM1
HAT1 DIM3 – DIM1
2 * DIM4 – DIM2
2 * DIM4 + DIM5 – DIM2

DVPREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVPREL2 – Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Properties via Relationship Defined by
User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates a design variable to an analysis model property using a relationship defined by a

Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL2 ID TYPE PID PNAME/ EQID

FID
DVID8 DVID9 etc.
LABL8 etc.
Example 1
A rectangular bar of width W and depth D is defined using the PBAR card. The required
fields on the PBAR for Area, I1 and I2 are all related to the width and depth, which are the
design variables, by the referenced equations.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL2 201 PBAR 1 4 101
DESVAR 5 6

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 5 6
DESVAR 5 6
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines PNAME.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DVPREL2 201 PBAR 1 A 101
DESVAR 5 6
DVPREL2 203 PBAR 1 I1 102
DESVAR 5 6
DVPREL2 204 PBAR 1 I2 103
DESVAR 5 6
Associated Cards
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DESVAR 5 W 6.0 1.0 10.0
DESVAR 6 D 5.0 1.0 20.0
DEQATN 101 AREA(W,D) = W*D
DEQATN 102 I1(W,D) = (W*D**3)/12

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
DEQATN 103 I2(W,D) = (D*W**3)/12
PBAR 1 222 0.1 19e-4 1e-3
Field Contents
ID Relationship identification number. ID must be unique with respect to other

DVPREL1 cards.
TYPE Property type to be related (see DVPREL - Types).
PID Property identification number. When PTYPE is PCOMPG, G# may be used

where # is the GPLYID. When PTYPE is PCOMPP, P# may be used where #
is the PLY ID. See comment 5.
PNAME/ Property name, such as "A" or "T" (as in the documentation of the property
FID cards), or field number in property card (see table below). For the PSHELL
property 12I/T3, only the filed number (6) is allowed. For PBARL and
PBEAML only property names are allowed, as different sections use different
fields.
DVIDi DESVAR ID.

Field Contents
Comments
1. Type cannot be PSOLID.
2. When Type is PBARL or PBEAML, users should pay close attention to the variable ranges
to avoid invalid dimensions.
3. PBEAML definitions with more than one section definition may not be referenced by a
DVPREL1.
4. Properties of PBARL/PBEAML have to be controlled through DIMs (cannot be controlled

directly), with the exception of NSM.
5. When TYPE is PCOMPG, either global plies or property specific plies may be selected.
To select property specific plies, the format is similar to that used for other property
types where the property identification number of the PCOMPG is entered in the PID field
and then either PNAME or FID is used to identify the value to be related. In this scenario,
only the property with an ID given in the PID field is affected.
To select global plies, G# is entered in the PID field where # is the GPLYID of a global ply.
either the thickness or orientation respectively. In this scenario, all plies that use the
given GPLYID are affected.
When TYPE is PCOMPP, P# is entered in the PID field where # is the ID of a PLY entity.
either the thickness or orientation respectively.

DVPREL - Types
Types
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CONM2 M X1 X2 X3
FID 11-20 I11 I12 I22 I13 I23 I33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PBAR A I1 I2 J NSM
FID 11-20 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2
FID 21-30 K1 K2 I12
Type Field numbers are not allowed for PBARL.
PBARL DIMi NSM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PBEAM A(A) I1(A) I2(A) I12(A) J(A) NSM(A)
FID 11-20 C 1(A) C 2(A) D1(A) D2(A) E1(A) E2(A) F1(A) F2(A)
FID 21-30
FID 31-40 K1(A) K2(A) NSI(A) NSI(B)

FID 41-50 M1(A) M2(A) M1(B) M2(B) N1(A) N2(A) N1(B) N2(B)
Type Field numbers are not allowed for PBEAML.
PBEAML DIMi NSM
Type Field Field Field Field Field Fiel Field Field Field Field
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PBUSH K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
GE1 GE2 GE3 GE4 GE5 GE6
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PCOMP Z0 NSM
FID 11-20 T1 THETA1 T2 THETA4
FID 21-30 T3 THETA3 … …
… … … … …
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PCOMPG Z0 NSM
FID 11-20 T1 THETA1

FID 21-20 T2 THETA2
… … …
Type Field numbers do not apply for PCOMPG when referencing global plies. See
comment 2 (DVPREL1).
PCOMPG T THETA
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PCOMPP Z0 NSM
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PDAMP B B B B
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PELAS K S K S
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PMASS M M M M
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10

6
PROD A NSM
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PSHELL T 12* TS/T NSM

I/T3
FID 11-20 Z1 Z2 ZOF

FS
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PSHEAR T NSM F1 F2
1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10
6
PVISC CE CR CE CR

EDGEBH
Bulk Data Entry
EDGEBH – Edge Blank Holder Definition for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines geometry and restraining force per unit length for an edge blank holder in a one-step
stamping simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EDGEBH EID S1 T2 S2 T2 BFORC E BSID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EDGEBH 6 -1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 100.0 5
Field Contents
S1, T1 Parametric entry points for the line.
No default (Real; | S1, T1 | < 1.0)
S2, T2 Parametric exit points for the line.
BFORCE Blank holder restraining force.
No default (Real)
BSID Blank holder set identifier for retrieving the input file back to HyperForm.
Not used by the solver.

Comments

EDRAWB
Bulk Data Entry
EDRAWB – Draw Bead Definition for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines location and restraining force per unit length for a draw bead in a one-step stamping
simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EDRAWB EID S1 T2 S2 T2 DFORC E DSID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EDRAW 13 -1.0 1.0 1.0 -1.0 100.0 2

B
Field Contents
S1, T1 Parametric entry points for the line.
S2, T2 Parametric exit points for the line.
DFORCE Draw bead restraining force per unit length.
No default (Real)
DSID Draw bead set identifier for retrieving the input file back to HyperForm. Not
used by the solver.

Comments

EIGC
Bulk Data Entry
EIGC – Complex Eigenvalue Extraction Data
Description
Defines data required to perform complex eigenvalue analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGC SID NORM G C ND0
Continuation for EIGC
ALPHAAJ OMEGAAJ ND1
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIC G 4 MAX 15
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGC 4 MAX
15
Example 3

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGC 4 MAX
1000.0 1000.0 15
Field Contents
SID Unique set identification number.
NORM Indicates the option for normalizing eigenvectors.
MAX - Normalize the component having the largest magnitude to a

unit value for the real part and a zero value for the imaginary part.
POINT - Normalize the component defined in fields 5 and 6 to a unit

value for the real part and a zero value for the imaginary part. The
value for NORM defaults to MAX if the magnitude of the defined
component is zero.
Default = MAX
G Grid or scalar point identification number. Required if and only if NORM

= POINT.
C Component number. Required if and only if NORM = POINT and G is a

geometric grid point.
ND0 Desired number of roots and eigenvectors to be extracted.
ND1 Desired number of roots and eigenvectors to be extracted.
ALPHAAJ Real part of the shift point.

Field Contents
OMEGAAJ Imaginary part of the shift point.
Comments
1. ND0 is required if there is no continuation, and it must be empty if there is a continuation

line.
2. ALPHAAJ and OMEGAAJ are only useful for direct complex eigenvalue analysis. If there is
no METHOD command present in the subcase control area, the direct method is
considered for the complex eigenvalue analysis. Otherwise, modal method is used.
3. The 3rd field is reserved for a numerical complex eigensolution (METHOD). Currently, this
field should be left blank;however, certain method types (INV, HESS and CLAN) will be
accepted, but there will be no effect on the analysis.

EIGRA
Bulk Data Entry
EIGRA – Real Eigenvalue Extraction Data using Automated Multi-Level Sub-structuring
Description
Defines the data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis with the Automated Multi-Level
Sub-structuring technique.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGRA SID V1 V2 ND AMPFFAC T NORM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGRA 0.1 3.2 10
Field Contents
V1,V2 Frequency range of interest in cycles per unit time.
V2 must be present.
Default = 0.0 for V1 (V1 < V2, Real, or blank for V1)
ND Number of roots desired. See comment 3.
AMPFFACT Amplification Factor. The substructure modes are solved up to the

frequency of AMPFFACT*V2. Higher values of AMPFFACT will lead to

Field Contents
more accurate results and longer running times. See comments 6 and
9.
NORM Method used for eigenvector normalization. If MASS, then eigenvectors

are normalized to the unit value of the generalized mass. If MAX, then
eigenvectors are normalized to the unit value of the largest
displacement in the analysis set.
Default = MASS for normal modes analysis.
Comments
1. The units of V1 and V2 are cycles per unit time.
2. The eigenvectors are normalized with respect to the mass matrix by default.
3. The roots are found in order of increasing magnitude; those closest to zero are found
first. The number and type of roots to be found can be determined from the following
table.
V1 V2 ND Number and Type of Roots Found
V1 V2 ND Lowest ND or all in range, whichever is smaller.
V1 V2 blank All in range.
blank V2 ND Lowest ND roots below V2.
blank V2 blank All below V2.
4. Eigenvalues are sorted in the order of magnitude for output.
5. In vibration analysis, small negative roots are usually computational zeros, indicating rigid
body modes. Finite negative roots are an indication of modeling problems. If V1 is set to
zero explicitly, V1 is ignored.
6. AMPFFACT is used to increase the accuracy of the eigenvalue and eigenvectors at the
expense of slightly longer run times. It is recommended to use higher values of
AMPFFACT, between [5.0, 15.0], for solid structures like engine blocks and suspension
components.
7. EIGRA data can be referenced by multiple normal modes subcases with different MPC set
SID’s in each subcase. However, only one can be used for modal frequency response or
modal transient analysis.

8. EIGRA data can be referenced by multiple modal dynamic subcases, if the MPC set SID is
the same in each SUBCASE and the set of SPCD DOF is the same in each SUBCASE.
Additionally, multiple eigenvalue analysis subcases can be used with AMSES, however,
only one can be used for modal frequency response or modal transient analysis.
9. If AMPFFACT is not specified by you and the model contains a large number of solid
elements, then the value of AMPFFACT is automatically reset to 10.

EIGRL
Bulk Data Entry
EIGRL – Real Eigenvalue Extraction Data, Lanczos Method
Description
Defines data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis (vibration or buckling) with the
Lanczos Method.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGRL SID V1 V2 ND MSGLVL MAXSET SHFSC L NORM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
EIGRL 0.1 3.2 10
Field Contents
V1,V2 For vibration analysis: Frequency range of interest

For buckling analysis: Eigenvalue range of interest. See comments 3, 4,
and 10.
Default = blank (V1 < V2, Real, or blank)
ND Number of roots desired. See comments 3 and 4.
MSGLVL Diagnostic level.

Field Contents
Default = 0 (Integer 0 through 4 or blank)
MAXSET Number of vectors in block or set.
Default = 8 (Integer 1 through 16 or blank)
SHFSCL For vibration analysis: Estimate of the frequency of the first flexible
mode.
For buckling analysis: Estimate of the first eigenvalue. See comment 9.
NORM Method used for eigenvector normalization. If MASS, then eigenvectors

are normalized to the unit value of the generalized mass (this is not a
valid option for linear buckling analysis). If MAX, then eigenvectors are
normalized to the unit value of the largest displacement in the analysis
set.
Default = MASS for normal modes analysis; Default = MAX for linear
buckling analysis (MASS or MAX)
Comments
1. In vibration analysis, the units of V1 and V2 are cycles per unit time. In buckling analysis,
V1 and V2 are eigenvalues. Each buckling eigenvalue is the factor by which the
prebuckling state of stress is multiplied to produce buckling in the shape defined by the
corresponding eigenvector.
2. In vibration analysis, eigenvectors are normalized with respect to the mass matrix by
default. In buckling analysis, eigenvectors are normalized to have unit value. NORM =
MASS is not a valid option for linear buckling analysis.
3. The roots are found in order of increasing magnitude: that is, those closest to zero are
found first. The number and type of roots to be found can be determined from the
following table. In vibration analysis, blank V1 defaults to -10.
V1 V2 ND Lowest ND or all in range, whichever is smaller.
V1 V2 blank All in range
V1 blank ND Lowest ND in range [V1, + ¥]

V1 blank blank Lowest root in range [V1, + ¥]
blank blank ND Lowest ND roots in [-¥,+¥]
blank blank blank Lowest root.
blank V2 ND Lowest ND roots below V2
blank V2 blank All below V2
4. The Lanczos eigensolver provides two different ways of solving the problem. If the
eigenvalue range is defined with no upper bound (V2 blank) and less than 50 modes (ND <
50), the faster method is applied.
5. Eigenvalues are sorted in the order of magnitude for output. An eigenvector is found for
each eigenvalue.
6. In vibration analysis, small negative roots are usually computational zeros, indicating rigid
body modes. Finite negative roots are an indication of modeling problems. If V1 is set to
zero explicitly, V1 is ignored. It is recommended that V1 not be set to zero when
extracting rigid body modes.
7. MSGLVL controls the amount of diagnostic output during the eigenvalue extraction. The
default value of zero suppresses all diagnostic output. A value of one prints eigenvalues
accepted at each shift. Higher values result in increasing levels of diagnostic output.
8. MAXSET is used to limit the maximum block size in the Lanczos solver. It may be reduced
if there is insufficient memory available. The default value is recommended.
9. A specification of SHFSCL may improve the performance of a vibration analysis. It may

also be used to improve the performance of a buckling analysis, especially when the
applied load differs from the first buckling load by orders of magnitude.
10. AMLS and AMSES eigensolvers require that V2 be specified.

ELEMQUAL
Bulk Data Entry
ELEMQUAL – Resets the Default Bound Values for Element Quality Check
Description
Resets the default values of the warning and error bound limits for element quality check.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ELEMQUAL ETYPE PTYPE LTYPE V1 V2
Example 1
For CTRIA3 elements, change the upper limit of aspect ratio for error message to 300.0
(default is 500).
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ELEMQUAL TRIA3 ARATIO ERROR 300.0
Example 2
For CTETRA elements, change the bound limits of collapse for warning message to 0.01 and
10.0 (default lower and upper limits are 0.001 and 100.0).
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ELEMQUAL TETRA C OLLAPSE WARNING 0.01 10.

Field Contents
ETYPE Element type. Allowable entries are: TRIA3 (CTRIA3), QUAD4 (CQUAD4),
TETRA (1st-order CTETRA), TET10 (2nd-order CTETRA), PENTA (1st-order
CPENTA), PENT15 (2nd-order CPENTA), HEXA (1st-order CHEXA), HEX20
(2nd-order CHEXA), PYRA (1st-order CPYRA), PYRA13 (2nd-order CPYRA),
TAXI3 (1st-order CTAXI or CTRIAX6), TAXI6 (2nd-order CTAXI or
CTRIAX6), GASK8 (CGASK8), GASK16 (CGASK16), GASK6 (CGASK6), and
GASK12 (CGASK12).
No default (TRIA3, QUAD4, TETRA, TET10, PENTA, PENT15, HEXA, HEX20,

PYRA, PYRA13, TAXI3, TAXI6, GASK8, GASK16, GASK6, or GASK12).
PTYPE Geometric property type. Allowable entries are: ARATIO (Aspect Ratio),
SKEW (Skew Angle), TAPER (Face Taper), WARP (Warp Angle), TWIST
(Twist Angle), EDGE (Edge Angle), COLLAPSE, ANGLE (Vertex Angle),
HOENOR (Hoe Normal Offset), HOETAN (Hoe Tangent Offset).
No default (ARATIO, SKEW, TAPER, WARP, TWIST, EDGE, COLLAPSE,

ANGLE, HOENOR, or HOETAN).
LTYPE Type of bound limits.
No default (WARNING or ERROR)
V1 Lower bound value.
No default (Real)
V2 Upper bound value.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Element quality checks and their default settings are described in the Element Quality
Check section.
2. All specified values (V1 and V2) are checked against the corresponding limits used for
validity check. Data outside the validity range is ignored.

ELIST
Bulk Data Entry
ELIST – Damp Shell Elements for a Fluid Volume
Description
Specifies damp shell elements for a fluid volume. ELIST entries are referenced by the MFLUID
entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ELIST LID EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6 EID7
EID8 EID9 EID10 - etc -
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ELIST 25 47 22 THRU 35 -56 -57
Field Contents
LID List of identification number.
EID Element identification number of CQUAD4, CTRIA3, CQUADR, and

CTRIAR elements that are damp in the fluid volume.
Comments
1. By default, for elements only damp on one side (see WSURF1 on MFLUID entry), the damp
side of an element is on the same side of the element’s normal. But a negative EIDi
indicates that the fluid is opposite to the normal. If there are negative EIDi’s specified in
a "THRU" range, then both EIDi’s in the range must be negative.

2. Alternatively, the SURF and SET entries may be used to define damp elements but the
SURF and SET entries may not be combined in the single with ELIST entries to define
damp elements. For example, if any MFLUID references a missing ELIST,25, then the
program will not search for a SET,25 if a ELIST card exists in the deck.
3. ELIST entries are internally converted to SET entries. The continuation is optional.

ENDMETADATA
Bulk Data Entry
ENDMETADATA – Indicates the end of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output
file.
Description
ENDMETADATA indicates the end of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output file.
Metadata between the METADATA and ENDMETADATA commands is passed to the
<filename>_metadata.xml file.
Example
METADATA
This line will be passed to the filename_metadata.xml file.
So will this information: Color=blue
ENDMETADATA
Comments
1. There can be two sections of metadata; one in the Solution Control section and one in
the Bulk Data section.
2. Metadata can be used to pass information from the pre-processor seamlessly through the
solver to a post-processing program.

END
Bulk Data Entry
END – Indicates the end of data input for a specific entity
Description
The END bulk data entry indicates the end of data that is used to describe a specific entity
(or entities) for inclusion in a model. The END entry is used in conjunction with the BEGIN
entry to define the data required for a specific entity.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
END TYPE NAME
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
END FEMODE Bumper

L
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
END HYPRBEAM Square
Field Contents
TYPE Specifies the entity type that will be defined by the END data entry (see
comment 2).
(HYPRBEAM or FEMODEL)
NAME This field specifies the name of the entity that is defined by the END entry
(see comment 2).
(Character String)

Comments
1. The BEGIN and END bulk data entries can be used in conjunction to define a part within
the full model (for TYPE = FEMODEL).
2. TYPE = HYPRBEAM:
Data required for the definition of an arbitrary beam section will be specified between the
BEGIN and END data entries.
TYPE = FEMODEL:
In a model containing multiple parts, the parts are included within the full model specifying
part data between the BEGIN and END bulk data entries (the INCLUDE entry can also be
used for part data referencing). The name of the included part should be specified in the
NAME field.
3. The INCLUDE entry, similar to almost any other bulk data entry, is allowed between BEGIN
and END entries. However, BEGIN and END should exist in the same file.
4. Models are often defined in separate files, and the block (BEGIN – END) contains only
INCLUDE entries. It is possible to duplicate a single part by including the same file(s) in
different BEGIN-END blocks.
5. There can be multiple sections of arbitrary beam data; one for each beam section.
6. An example set of data for the definition of an arbitrary beam section is as follows:
BEGIN,HYPRBEAM,SQUARE
$
GRIDS,1,0.0,0.0
GRIDS,2,1.0,0.0
GRIDS,3,1.0,1.0
GRIDS,4,0.0,1.0
$
CSEC2,10,100,1,2
CSEC2,20,100,2,3
CSEC2,30,100,3,4
CSEC2,40,100,4,1
$
PSEC,100,1000,0.1
$
END,HYPRBEAM

ERPPNL
Bulk Data Entry
ERPPNL – Panel Definition for Equivalent Radiated Power Output
Description
Defines one or more sets of elements as panels for equivalent radiated power output for a
frequency response analysis of a coupled fluid-structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ERPPNL NAME1 SID1 NAME2 SID2 NAME3 SID3 NAME4 SID4
NAME5 SID5 …
Field Contents
NAME# Panel label.
No default (Character string)
SID# Set identification number for a set of elements.

ESLTADD
Bulk Data Entry
ESLTADD – Combination of selected time steps for Geometric Nonlinear ESLM Optimization or a
Multi-body Dynamics ESLM Optimization
Description
Defines a combined time step selection set as a union of selected time steps defined via
ESLTIME entries for Geometric Nonlinear ESLM optimization or a Multi-body Dynamics ESLM
optimization.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ESLTADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ESLTADD 101 9 11 13
Field Contents
SID Set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
Si Set identification numbers of time step selections defined via ESLTIME bulk
data entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. ESLTADD can be selected within the subcase information section using the command
ESLTIME=SID.
2. Si should be unique and may not be the identification number of a set defined by another
ESLTADD entry.

3. ESLTADD entries take precedence over ESLTIME entries. If both entries have the same
SID, only the ESLTADD entry will be used.

ESLTIME
Bulk Data Entry
ESLTIME – Time Step selection control for Geometric Nonlinear Response ESLM Optimization
and Multi-body Dynamics ESLM Optimization
Description
Defines time step selection control for geometric nonlinear response ESL Optimization and
Multi-body dynamics ESLM optimization.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ESLTIME SID TLB TUB
RID1 LB1 UB1 TYPE1
RID2 LB2 UB2 TYPE2
RID3 LB3 UB3 TYPE3
...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ESLTIME 100
11 -19.9 99.9
12 1
13

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
RID Identification number of a DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 bulk data

entry.
(Integer > 0)
TLB Lower bound of time.
No default (Real > 0.0, or blank)
TUB Upper bound of time.
No default (Real > 0.0, or blank)
LB# Lower bound on response.
(Real, or blank)
UB# Upper bound on response.
(Real, or blank)
TYPE# Flag to select the time steps at which the highest or lowest
response values or peaks or troughs of the response, occur.
= 1, select the highest response value
= -1, select the lowest response value
= 2, select the response peaks
= -2, select the response troughs
(Integer = -2, -1, 1, 2, or blank)
Comments
1. ESLTIME should be selected by the Subcase Information command ESLTIME = SID or in

the bulk data section by the ESLTADD entry. It can only be selected in geometric
nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or
EXPDYN subcase entry, and for geometric nonlinear response ESL Optimization.
2. The SID and RID fields cannot be left blank. Other fields, if blank, will be ignored.
3. Lower bounds TLB and LB must be smaller than upper bounds TUB and UB respectively.

4. The TLB and TUB fields can be used to define the range of time. OptiStruct will then
select the most critical time steps in the time range with higher priority for ESL generation
(Figure 1). If more time steps are required, then the critical time steps outside the time
range will be taken into account.
5. Using fields LB and UB, the user can define the range of a specific response. OptiStruct
will then select the time steps with response values in this range for ESL generation
(Figure 1).
Figure 1: Time step selection based on time and response range.
6. If TYPE = 1, time steps which have the highest response values will be selected.
If TYPE = -1, time steps which have the lowest response values will be selected.
Figure 2: Example illustration depicting TYPE=1 and TYPE=-1 response selection
7. If TYPE = 2, time steps at which response peaks occur will be selected.
If TYPE = -2, time steps at which response troughs occur will be selected.

Figure 3: Example illustration depicting TYPE=2 and TYPE=-2 response selection.
8. If a NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase is referenced by a DRESP2 entry with DRESP1L

or DRESP2L definition, the generated ESL subcase at the most critical time step will be
used for this DRESP2(DRESP1L/DRESP2L) entry.
9. All continuation lines on the ESLTIME entry are ignored in Multi-body dynamics ESLM
optimization. Only the first line (ESLTIME, SID, TLB, TUB) is considered.
10. DOPTPRM, ESLSTOL is ignored, if ESLTIME is defined in the model.

FATDEF
Bulk Data Entry
FATDEF – Elements for Fatigue Analysis
Description
Defines elements, and associated fatigue properties, for consideration in a fatigue analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATDEF ID TOPSTR
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements, and associated fatigue properties, using
element sets (ELSET)
ELSET ELSID1 PFATID1 ELSID2 PFATID2 ELSID3 PFATID3
ELSID4 PFATID4 … … … …
… …
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements and associated fatigue properties through
referenced properties (PSHELL)
PSHELL PID1 PFATID1 PID2 PFATID2 PID3 PFATID3
PID4 PFATID4 … … … …
… …
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements and associated fatigue properties through
referenced properties (PSOLID)
PSOLID PID1 PFATID1 PID2 PFATID2 PID3 PFATID3
PID4 PFATID4 … … … …
… …

Optional continuation lines for excluding elements using element sets (ELSET)
XELSET XELSID1 XELSID2 XELSID3 XELSID4 XELSID5 XELSID6 XELSID7
XELSID8 … … … … … …
… …
Optional continuation lines for excluding individual elements
XELEM XEID1 XEID2 XEID3 XEID4 XEID5 XEID6 XEID7
XEID8 … … … … … …
… …
Field Contents
ID Each FATDEF card must have a unique ID. FATDEF Subcase Information entry
may reference this ID.
TOPSTR Top stress fraction. Elements with combined stress not in this top fraction of
each MATFAT group will be screened out and have no results. This field is
ignored in fatigue analysis on a transient subcase.
Default = blank (100% will be used internally), (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
ELSET ELSET flag indicating that a list of pairs of ELSET and PFAT IDs will follow,
defining elements, and their associated fatigue properties, for consideration in
fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
ELSID# Element Set ID. Elements in this set will be considered in fatigue analyses
where this FATDEF is selected.
PFATID# Fatigue property ID. This is identification number of a PFAT entry, which
indicates the fatigue property used by the preceding elements defined by
ELSID# or PID#.
PSHELL PSHELL flag indicating that a list of pairs of PSHELL property IDs and PFAT
IDs will follow; defining elements and their associated fatigue properties for
consideration in fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.

Field Contents
PSOLID PSOLID flag indicating that a list of pairs of PSOLID property IDs and PFAT
IDs will follow; defining elements and their associated fatigue properties for
consideration in fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
PID# Property ID. This is identification number of a PSHELL or PSOLID entry.

Elements referencing any property with this ID will be considered in fatigue
analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
XELSET XELSET flag indicating that IDs of elements sets excluded from fatigue
analysis follow.
XELSID# Element set ID. Elements in these sets will be excluded from fatigue analyses
where this FATDEF is selected.
XELEM XELEM flag indicating that IDs of elements excluded from fatigue analysis
follow.
XEID# Element ID. These elements will be excluded from fatigue analyses where this
FATDEF is selected.
Comments
1. At least one of the optional continuation lines ELSET or PROP must be present.

FATEVNT
Bulk Data Entry
FATEVNT – Loading Event Definition for Fatigue Analysis
Description
Defines loading events for fatigue analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATEVNT ID FLOAD1 FLOAD2 FLOAD3 FLOAD4 FLOAD5 FLOAD6 FLOAD7
FLOAD8 ... ...
Field Contents
ID Each FATEVNT card must have a unique ID. This identifier may be referenced
by a FATSEQ definition.
FLOAD# Identification number of a FATLOAD entry (see comments 1, 3 and 4).
Comments
1. FATLOAD entries referenced on this bulk data entry may reference different subcases.
2. Identification numbers of FATSEQ and FATEVNT share the same ID pool.
3. These FATLOAD entries should reference the subcase types. For example, either static
subcases or transient subcases can be referenced, but not both. Referencing a
combination of subcase types via FATLOAD entries on the same FATEVNT entry is not
allowed.
4. If a specified FATLOAD entry references a transient subcase, only one FATLOAD entry is
allowed.

FATLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
FATLOAD - Fatigue Load
Description
Defines fatigue loading parameters.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATLOAD ID TID LC ID LDM Scale Offset
Field Contents
ID Each FATLOAD card must have a unique ID. This identifier may be
referenced by a FATEVNT definition.
TID Identification number of TABFAT entry.
(Integer > 0 or blank)
If LCID references a linear-static subcase, TID should be a positive integer

(Integer > 0).
If LCID references transient subcase, TID should be blank.
LCID Subcase identification number of a linear-static or transient analysis

subcase.
LDM The magnitude of the FEA load in the same units as those for the time
history. It is ignored in fatigue analyses based on a transient analysis
subcase (see comment 2).
Scale Scale factor applied to the load or time history. It is ignored in fatigue
analyses based on a transient analysis subcase.

Field Contents
Offset Offset applied to the load or time history. It is ignored in fatigue analyses
based on a transient analysis subcase.
Comments
1. This magnitude is used as a scale factor to normalize the finite element stresses/strains
to obtain the stress/strain distribution due to a unit loading.
2. The sequence below depicts how LDM, Scale and Offset values work together to scale
the FEA stress tensor at time t:
ij . FEA
ij (t ) ( P (t ) Scale Offset )
LDM
Where, is the result stress tensor at time t.
is the stress tensor from static analysis.
P(t) is the y point value of load-time history at time t.


FATPARM
Bulk Data Entry
FATPARM - Fatigue Analysis Parameters
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define parameters required for a Fatigue Analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATPARM ID Type
STRESS C ombinatio C orrectio StressUni Plasticit

n n t y
RAINFLO RType GateRel

W
C ERTNTY SurvC ert
FOS FOSType
Field Contents
ID Each FATPARM card must have a unique ID. The FATPARM Subcase Information
entry may reference this identifier.
Type Type of fatigue analysis that is defined.
Default = SN
(SN = Stress Life, EN = Strain Life, FOS = Factor of Safety Analysis - see
comment 9)
(NSTRESS is also supported for Stress Life for compatibility)
STRESS STRESS flag indicating that parameters are to follow which define how the
stress is used in fatigue calculation. This flag and following parameters will be
used only when the "Type" field is set to SN or EN.

Field Contents
Combinatio Default = ABSMAXPR

n
(ABSMAXPR = Abs Max Principal MAXPRINC = Max Principal
MINPRINC = Min Principal VONMISES = von Mises
SGVON = Signed von Mises TRESCA = Tresca
SGTRESCA = Signed Tresca SGMAXSHR = Signed Max Shear
XNORMAL = X Normal YNORMAL = Y Normal
ZNORMAL = Z Normal XYSHEAR = X-Y Shear
YZSHEAR = Y-Z Shear ZXSHEAR = Z-X Shear)
The sign on the Signed von Mises, Signed Tresca, Signed Max. Shear is taken
from the sign of the Abs. Max. Principal value.
For Stress Life, combined stress value is used; For Strain Life, combined strain
value is used.
For Strain Life, shear strain components are engineering shear strain (two times
tensor shear strain).
For brittle materials, "Absolute maximum principle" is recommended.
For ductile materials, "Signed von Mises" is recommended.
Correction Mean stress correction method. See comments 5, 6, 7 and 8.
For Type = SN, valid options are:
Default = GOODMAN (NONE, GOODMAN, GERBER, GERBER2, SODERBE)
For Type = EN, valid options are:
Default = SWT (NONE, MORROW, MORROW2, SWT = Smith-Watson-Topper)
StressUnit FE analysis Stress Tensor Unit. The Unit is necessary because the S-N/E-N
curve (MATFAT card) might be defined in different unit, and FEA stress needs
to be converted before looking up the fatigue life for a given stress level on the
S-N curve. See comment 10.
Default = MPA (MPA, PA, PSI, KSI)
Plasticity This parameter is only applicable for Type = EN.
For Type = SN, it is not used.
For Type = EN, valid options are:
Default = NEUBER (NONE, NEUBER)
RAINFLOW The RAINFLOW flag indicates that parameters required for Rainflow counting are
to follow. This flag and its related parameters will be used only when the “Type”
field is set to SN or EN.

Field Contents
RType Rainflow data type. See comment 1.
Default = LOAD
(LOAD - Load-time history
STRESS - Stress-time history)
GateRel Relative fraction of maximum gate range. The reference value is the maximum
range multiplied by GateRel, and used for gating out small disturbances or
"noise" in the time series.
CERTNTY The CERTNTY flag indicates that parameters that define certainties in fatigue
analysis are to follow. This flag and the following parameter will be used only
when the “Type” field is set to SN or EN.
SurvCert Certainty of survival based on the scatter of the S-N curve. See comment 4.
Default = 0.5 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
FOS The FOS flag indicates that the following parameters are for Factor of Safety
analysis (Type = FOS). This flag and following parameter will be used only when
the “Type” field is set to FOS.
FOSType This field can be used to select the Factor of safety analysis type.
Default = DANGVAN
Comments
1. RType = Load is valid when there is only one static load case defined in an event. If the
event contains multiple static load cases, then RType will automatically be set to STRESS
because there will be stress super-positioning among different load cases; doing rainflow
counting on load-time history could not deal with it.
2. When RType = Load, load-time history will be cycle counted using the rainflow cycle
counting method. The cycle counting results (load Ranges and Means) will be scaled by
combined FEA stress. Doing rainflow counting on load-time is much faster than doing it
on stress-time (RType=Stress), especially when the load-time history is complex and
contains a large number of time points, but it is less accurate.
3. When RType = Stress, stress-time history will be cycle counted using the rainflow cycle
counting method. The stress-time history has the same length as load-time, while each
point of the stress time is the combined stress value where the stress tensor is FEA
stress scaled by y point value of the corresponding load-time history.

4. Certainty of Survival is based on the scatter of the S-N / E-N curve. It is used to modify
the S-N / E-N curve according to the standard error parameter (SE) defined in fatigue
property of material card (MATFAT card). A higher reliability level requires a larger
certainty of survival.
5. When fatigue optimization is performed, EN method with SWT mean stress correction is
changed to EN method with Morrow mean stress correction automatically.
6. Correction=GERBER2 improves the GERBER method by ignoring the effect of negative mean
stress.
7. Correction=MORROW2 improves the MORROW method by ignoring the effect of negative

mean stress.
8. Correction=SODERBE is slightly different from GOODMAN, the mean stress is normalized by

yield stress instead of ultimate tensile stress.
Se = Sa / (1 - Sm / Sy )
Where, Se is equivalent stress amplitude, Sa is stress amplitude, Sm is mean stress, and

Sy is yield stress.
9. The “STRESS”, “RAINFLOW” and “CERTNTY” continuation lines are ignored in a factor of
safety analysis (Type=FOS).
10. If UNITS=# or DTI UNITS is present, the default value of StressUnit should be determined
by UNITS=# or DTI UNITS. If UNITS=# and DTI UNITS are absent, the default value of
StressUnit is MPA. If UNITS=# or DTI UNITS is present, and StressUnit is also specified,
but they are not consistent, an error will be issued.

FATSEQ
Bulk Data Entry
FATSEQ – Load Sequence Definition for Fatigue Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define a loading sequence for a Fatigue Analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FATSEQ ID
FID1 N1 FID2 N2 FID3 N3 FID4 N4
FID5 N5
Field Contents
ID Each FATSEQ card must have a unique ID. FATSEQ Subcase Information entry
may reference this identifier. Alternatively this ID may be referenced by other
FATSEQ definitions.
FID# Identification number of FATSEQ or FATEVNT entry (see Comment 3)
N# Number of times this loading sequence or event is repeated (see Comment 4).
Comments
1. Identification numbers of FATSEQ and FATEVNT entries share the same ID pool.
2. Repeat number (N#) has no effect on the results of a Factor of Safety (FOS) analysis.
3. A fatigue subcase should reference the same subcase types through FATSEQ and
FATEVNT entries (for example, either static subcases or transient subcases can be
referenced, but not both). Referencing a combination of subcase types is not allowed.

FLDATA
Bulk Data Entry
FLDATA – User-defined Forming Limit Curve for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines a forming limit curve as a table of minor and major strain values in a one-step
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FLDATA FLDID Ei1 Ei2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FLDATA 2 -.194 .284
FLDATA 2 -.0.89 .269
FLDATA 2 … …
FLDATA 2 .319 .319
Field Contents
Blank holder identification number.

FLDID
Minor strain value.

Ei1
No default (Real)
Major strain value

Ei2
No default (Real)

Comments

FORCE
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE – Point Force
Description
Defines a static force at a grid point by specifying a vector. It can also be used to define the
EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk
data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E SID G C ID F N1 N2 N3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E 2 5 6 2.9 0.0 1.0 0.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comment 3.
Default = 0 (Integer > 0, or blank)
F Scale factor.

Field Contents
(Real)
N1,N2,N3 Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID.
(Real; must have at least one non-zero component)
Comments
1. The static force applied to grid point G is given by
where, is the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
references” on FORCE entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
4. This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh.

FORCE1
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE1 – Static Force, Alternate Form 1
Description
Used to define a static force by specification of a value and two grid points that determine
the direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic
loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E1 SID G F G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E1 6 13 -2.93 16 13
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
F Value of force.
(Real)
G1,G2 Grid point identification numbers.

Comments
1. The static force applied to grid point G is
where, is a unit vector parallel to a vector from G1 to G2.
2. This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh

FORCE2
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE2 – Static Force, Alternate Form 2
Description
Used to define a static force by specification of a value and four grid points that determine
the direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic
loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E2 SID G F G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FORC E2 6 13 -2.93 16 13 18 19
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G Loaded Grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
F Value of force.
(Real)
Gi Grid point identification numbers.
(Integer > 0; G1 and G2 may not be coincident; G3 and G4 cannot be

coincident.)

Comments
1. The static force applied to grid point G is
where, is a unit vector parallel to a vector calculated by the cross product of vectors
from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.
2. This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh

FREQ
Bulk Data Entry
FREQ – Frequency List
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ SID F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7
F8 … … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ 3 7.0 12.56 13.99 23.4 23.34
Field Contents
F# Frequency value.
Comments
1. FREQ entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2. The units for F# are cycles per unit time.

3. All FREQi entries with the same set identification numbers will be used. Duplicate
frequencies will be ignored. and are considered duplicated if:
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and fMIN are the maximum
and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.

FREQ1
Bulk Data Entry
FREQ1 – Frequency List, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by

specification of a starting frequency, frequency increment, and the number of increments
desired.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ1 SID F1 DF NDF
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ1 6 2.9 0.5 13
Field Contents
F1 First frequency in set.
DF Frequency increment.
NDF Number of frequency increments.

Comments
1. FREQ1 entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2. The units for F1 and DF are cycles per unit time.
3. The frequencies defined by this entry are given by
where i = 1 to (NDF + 1).
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and are the maximum

FREQ2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by

specification of a starting frequency, final frequency, and the number of logarithmic
increments desired.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ2 SID F1 F2 NF
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ2 6 1.0 8.0 6
Field Contents
F1 First frequency in set.
F2 Last frequency in set.
No default (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
NF Number of logarithmic intervals.

Comments
1. FREQ2 entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2. The units for F1 and F2 are cycles per unit time.
where, and i = 1, 2, …, (NF + 1).
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and are the maximum

FREQ3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by
specifying the number of frequencies between modal frequencies.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ3 SID F1 F2 TYPE NEF C LUSTER
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that there will be 10 frequencies between each mode,
within the frequency range 20 to 200, plus 10 frequencies between 20 and the lowest
mode in the range, plus 10 frequencies between the highest mode in the range and 200.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ3 6 20.0 200.0 LINEAR 10 2.0
Field Contents
F1 Lower bound of modal frequency range in cycles per unit time.
No default (Real > 0.0 for TYPE = LINEAR ; Real > 0.0 for TYPE = LOG)
F2 Upper bound of modal frequency range in cycles per unit time.
Default = F1 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)

Field Contents
TYPE Specifies linear or logarithmic interpolation between frequencies.
Default = "LINEAR" (LINEAR or LOG)
NEF Number of excitation frequencies within each sub range including the end
points. The first sub range is between F1 and the first modal frequency
within the bounds. Intermediate sub ranges exist between each mode
calculated within the bounds. The last sub range is between the last
modal frequency within the bounds and F2.
CLUSTER Specifies cluster of the excitation frequency near the end points of the
range. See comment 5.
Comments
1. FREQ3 applies only to the modal method of frequency response analysis.
2. FREQ3 entries must be selected in the Subcase Information section with FREQUENCY =
SID.
3. Since the forcing frequencies are near structural resonances, it is important that some
amount of damping be specified.
where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX and are the maximum
5. CLUSTER is used to obtain better resolution near the modal frequencies where the
response variation is highest, in accordance with:

where,
= -1 + 2(k - 1)/(NEF - 1) is a parametric coordinate between -1 and 1.
k = excitation frequency number in the subrange (1,2,3,…,NEF)
= frequency at the lower limit of the sub range. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is
the logarithm of the frequency.)
= frequency at the upper limit of the sub range. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is
the logarithm of the frequency.)
= the k-th excitation frequency. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is the logarithm of
the frequency.)
CLUSTER > 1.0 provides closer spacing of excitation frequency towards the ends of the
frequency range, while values of less than 1.0 provide closer spacing towards the center
of the frequency range.
For example, if the frequency range is between 10 and 20, NEF = 11, TYPE = "LINEAR";
then, the excitation frequencies for various values of CLUSTER would be as shown in the
table below.
CLUSTER
Excitation
Frequency 0.25 0.50 1.0 2.0 4.0
Number
Excitation Frequencies in Hertz
1 -1.0 10.00 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
2 -0.8 12.95 11.8 11.0 10.53 10.27
3 -0.6 14.35 13.2 12.0 11.13 10.60
4 -0.4 14.87 14.2 13.0 11.84 11.02
5 -0.2 14.99 14.8 14.0 12.76 11.66
6 0.0 15.00 15.0 15.0 15.00 15.00
7 0.2 15.01 15.2 16.0 17.24 18.34
8 0.4 15.13 15.8 17.0 18.16 18.98
9 0.6 15.65 16.8 18.0 18.87 19.40

10 0.8 17.05 18.2 19.0 19.47 19.73
11 1.0 20.00 20.0 20.0 20.00 20.00
6. In design optimization, the excitation frequencies are derived from the modal frequencies
computed at each design iteration.
7. In modal analysis, solutions for modal degrees-of-freedom from rigid body modes at zero
excitation frequencies may be discarded. Solutions for non-zero modes are retained.

FREQ4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
specifying the amount of "spread" around each modal frequency and the number of equally
spaced frequencies within the spread.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ4 SID F1 F2 FSPD NFM
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that there will be 21 equally spaced frequencies across a
frequency band of to for each modal frequency that occurs between 20
and 200.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ4 6 20.0 200.0 0.30 21
Field Contents
F2 Upper bound of frequency range in cycles per unit time.
Default = 1.0E20 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)

Field Contents
FSPD Frequency spread, +/- the fractional amount specified for each mode
which occurs in the frequency range F1 to F2.
Default = 0.10 (1.0 > Real > 0.0)
NFM Number of evenly spaced frequencies per "spread" mode.
Default = 3 (Integer > 0; If NFM is even, NFM + 1 will be used)
Comments
1. FREQ4 applies only to the modal method of frequency response analysis.
SID.
3. There will be NFM excitation frequencies between and , for

each modal frequency in the range F1 to F2. If this computation results in excitation
frequencies less than F1 and greater than F2, those computed excitation frequencies are
ignored.
4. Excitation frequencies may be based on modal frequencies that are not within the range
(F1 and F2) as long as the calculated excitation frequencies are within the range.
Similarly, an excitation frequency calculated based on natural frequencies within the
range (F1 through F2) may be excluded if it falls outside the range.
5. The frequency spread can be used also to define the half-power bandwidth. The half-
power bandwidth is given by , where, is the damping ratio. Therefore, if FSPD
is specified equal to the damping ratio for the mode, NFM specifies the number of
excitation frequencies within the half-power bandwidth.

where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10-5. The values and are
the maximum and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.

FREQ5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
specification of a frequency range and fractions of the natural frequencies within that range.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ5 SID F1 F2 FR1 FR2 FR3 FR4 FR5
FR6 FR7 etc.
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that the list of frequencies will be 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0,
1.05, 1.1, and 1.2 times each modal frequency between 20 and 200.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FREQ5 6 20.0 200.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.95
1.05 1.1 1.2
Field Contents

Field Contents
F2 Upper bound of frequency range in cycles per unit time.
Default = 1.0E20 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
FRi Fractions of the natural frequencies in the range F1 to F2.
Comments
1. FREQ5 applies only to the modal method frequency response analysis.
SID.
where, are the modal frequencies in the range F1 through F2.
If this computation results in excitation frequencies less than F1 and greater than F2,
those computed excitation frequencies are ignored.
4. Excitation frequencies may be based on natural frequencies that are not within the range
(F1 and F2) as long as the calculated excitation frequencies are within the range.
where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10-5. The values and are
the maximum and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.

GAPPRM
Bulk Data Entry
GAPPRM – Parameters for Gap Element Connectivity and Configuration Checks
Description
Defines parameters that control connectivity and configuration checks for gap elements (CGAP
and CGAPG). Most of these parameters also affect contact elements that are automatically
created on CONTACT interfaces – see individual descriptions for details.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GAPPRM PARAM1 VAL1 PARAM2 VAL2 PARAM3 VAL3 PARAM4 VAL4
PARAM5 VAL5 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GAPPRM C KGPDIR -1 PRTSW 1 C HKRUN 1
Field Contents
PARAM# Name of parameter.
VAL# Value of parameter.
While textual values are recommended for clarity, their integer equivalents will also be read.
parameter descriptions).
Parameter Value

CHKRN NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
CKGPDIR ERR, 2, WARN, 1, NO, 0, REV, or 3

Default = ERR
ERRMSG SHORT, 1, FULL, or 2

Default = SHORT
GAPCMPL NO, 0, YES, 1

Default = YES
GAPGPRJ NORM, 1, SHORT, or 2

Default = SHORT
GAPOFFS YES, NO
Default = YES
GPCOINC <Real>
Defaults
For GAP elements: 1.0e-04
For CONTACT elements: Calculated
automatically based on element size on the
master face.
HMGAPST NO, 0 YES, 1

Default = NO
PRTSW NO, 0, YES, 1

Default = NO
Comments
1. The GAPPRM entry changes the default settings of control parameters for the gap
elements connectivity and checks for configuration errors. None of the parameters of this
entry are required.
2. The gap alignment check controlled by the default value of CKGPDIR = ERR applies
correctly to the most typical situations wherein there is an initial opening between bodies
A and B, and the gap element is used to enforce non-penetration condition. For cases of
overlapping meshes (combined with a prescribed coordinate system), the REV value is
appropriate – it allows both aligned and reversed gap directions (respective to the gap
axis defined by the prescribed system).

GAPPRM, CHKRN
CHKRN NO, 0, YES, or 1 Stop the run after the gap element checks are
completed.
Default = NO
If NO or 0, OptiStruct will run to completion unless
other errors are present.
If YES or 1, OptiStruct will stop after gap and

contact elements have been checked.

GAPPRM, CKGPDIR
CKGPDIR ERR, 2, WARN, 1, Controls the checking of gap element alignment in

NO, 0, REV, or 3 case of prescribed coordinate system CID.
Default = ERR If ERR or 2, then all non-zero length gap elements

that have a prescribed coordinate system are
checked for misalignment of the gap prescribed axis
(x-axis of the prescribed coordinate system) with
the vector GA->B. Angles larger than 30 degrees
produce warnings, angles larger than 60 degrees
produce errors.
If WARN or 1, same as ERR or 2 with the exception

that only warnings are issued.
If NO or 0, then no gap CID direction checks are

performed.
If REV or 3, then orientations of the vector GA->B

that are generally opposite to the prescribed axis
are also accepted. The tolerance levels are the
same as for the default case, except that they are
measured from either 0 or 180 degrees reference
angle.

GAPPRM, ERRMSG
ERRMSG SHORT, 1, Defines the maximum number of error messages printed

FULL, or 2 for gap and contact elements.
Default = SHORT If SHORT or 1, then up to 10 error messages are printed

along with a summary of the total number of errors.
If FULL or 2, then all gap and contact element error

messages are printed. Additional diagnostic information
for elements with errors is also printed to the .out file.

GAPPRM, GAPCMPL
GAPCMPL NO, 0, YES, or 1 This parameter can be used to allow/disallow the

inclusion of gap and contact compliance in the
Default = YES calculation of global compliance.
If YES or 1, then gap/contact compliances will be

included in the calculation of global compliance.
If NO or 0, then gap/contact compliances will not be

included in the calculation of global compliance.
Note:
An example situation where the GAPCMPL parameter may

be used is described as follows:
In some cases, gap/contact elements may exist with

initial penetration (U0<0), these elements may produce
negative contributions to the global compliance. While
this is a legitimate situation (the gap/contact is releasing
elastic energy, rather than accumulating it) it may cause
the global compliance to be negative and thus make
optimization impossible. In such cases, the GAPCMPL
parameter can be used to turn off the contributions of
gap/contact elements to the compliance calculation.

GAPPRM, GAPGPRJ
GAPGPRJ NORM, 1, SHORT, or 2 For CGAPG and contact elements, controls how
the projection onto the obstacle element (or
Default = SHORT node patch) is performed.
If NORM or 1, the projection of node GA (or

slave node for CONTACT) to the obstacle B is
performed along the normal to the surface of
the obstacle (a patch of nodes or an element
face). If such normal projection falls outside
the patch of nodes or element face (within 5%
tolerance), an error message is issued for GAPG
elements, while no contact element is created
on the CONTACT interface.
If SHORT or 2, the node GA (or slave node for

CONTACT) is projected onto the obstacle B
along the shortest distance. For cases where
the normal projection falls within the bounds of
the obstacle, this coincides with the NORM
option. For cases where the normal projection
falls outside the obstacle, this option will
choose the point on the obstacle that is
nearest to GA or slave node.

GAPPRM, GAPOFFS
GAPOFFS YES, NO, AUTO If YES, frictional offset for gap and contact analysis is
active.
Default = AUTO
If NO, frictional offset for gap and contact analysis in
inactive.
If AUTO, frictional offset is turned off when the deck

contains gaps, contact with friction or stick conditions
and at least one nonlinear subcase. This affects both
linear and nonlinear subcases.
For more details, refer to the PGAP and PCONT

descriptions.

GAPPRM, GPCOINC
GPCOINC <Real> This parameter defines the distance below which the end
points of gap/contact elements (for example, the GA, GB
See the Note fields of the CGAP bulk data entry) are considered
for defaults coincident (as they may be too close to define the gap
direction accurately).
Note:
1. Currently, for CGAP and CGAPG elements, the default

minimum distance is set at an absolute value of
1.0e-4. For CONTACT, it is calculated automatically
according to element size on the master face, in
which case it is automatically scaled if there is a
change in units.
2. This parameter is automatically included in the

<filename>.contgap.fem file, which is an ASCII
format file generated when CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES is
used.

GAPPRM, HMGAPST
HMGAPST NO, 0, YES, or 1 Create HyperMesh command file that defines sets
containing open and closed gaps for the initial set up and
Default = NO for each nonlinear subcase. The file name is
<my_job>.hm.gapstat.cmf.
If NO or 0, then no file is produced.
GAPPRM,HMGAPST,YES can also be used to visualize the

status of internally created CONTACT elements. This
requires the additional command CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES
– it will create a file, <my_job>.contgap.fem, that
contains contact elements converted to CGAPG entities.
For correct visualization of their open/closed status in
HyperMesh, this file needs to be imported before running
the gap status command file,
<my_job>.HM.gapstat.cmf.

GAPPRM, PRTSW
PRTSW NO, 0, YES, or 1 Print diagnostic output for gap elements.
Default = NO If NO or 0, OptiStruct will not output diagnostic

information.
If YES or 1, OptiStruct will print diagnostic information to

the .out file.

GENEL
Bulk Data Entry
GENEL – General Finite Element
Description
Defines the stiffness or flexibility of a general element connected to an arbitrary number of

grids.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GENEL EID GI1 C I1 GI2 C I2 GI3 C I3
GI4 C I4 GI5 C I5 -etc.-
“UD” GD1 C D1 GD2 C D2 GD3 C D3
GD4 C D4 GD5 C D5 -etc.-
“K” or KZ11 KZ12 KZ13 -etc.- KZ21 KZ22 -etc.-

“Z”
KZ31 KZ32 -etc.-
“S” S11 S12 S13 -etc.- S21 S22 -etc.-
S31 S32 -etc.-
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GENEL 537 1001 1 1001 2 1001 3
1002 1 1002 2 1002 3

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
K 5757. -816.6 -43.1 -5757. 816.6 43.1 35479.3
-1151. 816.6 - 1151. 6538.6 43.1 1151. -6538.6

35479.3
5757. -816.6 -43.1 35479.3 -1151. 6538.6
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GENEL 4001 1073 1 1073 2 1073 3
1073 4 1073 5 1073 6
UD 1074 1 1074 2 1074 3
1074 4 1074 5 1074 6
Z .592-6 .39-6 .592-6
-.39-6 .1-9
.319-6 .319-6 .1-9
Example 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GENEL 435 11 1 23 4 72 0
17 2

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
S 1.7 2.3 3.6 4.4 5.2 6.8 7.1
8.9
K .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7
.8
UD 12 2 47 0
Field Contents
GIi/CIi Grid (or scalar point) and component identification numbers ordered
according to stiffness or flexibility values specified after KZmn. For scalar
points, CIi is zero.
No default (GIi is integer > 0 and CIi is integer > 0).
UD Flag indicating that the subsequent fields and continuation entries contain
values for GDj/CDj until “K”, “Z”, or “S” is specified in field 2 or it is the
end of the entry.
GDj/CDj Grid (or scalar point) and component identification numbers ordered
according to the columns in the “S” matrix.
No default (GDj is integer > 0 and CDj is integer > 0).
K or Z Flag indicating that the next fields and continuation entries contain
stiffness values until “UD” or “S” is specified in field 2 or it is the end of
the entry.
KZmn Stiffness or flexibility matrix for degrees-of-freedom in GIi/CIi where “m” is

Field Contents
the row number and “n” is the column number. Only the lower triangular
terms in the matrix need to be specified. Zero values must be specified
as blank or 0.0.
S Flag indicating that the subsequent fields and continuation entries contain
values for the S matrix.
Sij “S” matrix values where “i” corresponds to GIi/CIi list and “j” corresponds
to GDj/CDj list until “K”, “Z”, or “UD” is specified in field 2 or it is the end
of the entry. All the terms in the matrix must be specified and zero
values must be specified as blank or 0.0.
Comments
1. GIi/CIi and KZmn are required inputs. Either “K” or “Z” must be specified, but not both.
2. “UD”, “K”, “Z”, and “S”, may be specified in any order as demonstrated in the third
example.
3. “UD” and “S” are optional inputs. “S” defines the motion between the GIi/CIi and GDj/CDj
degrees-of-freedom according to:
But if “S” is specified then GDj/CDj must also be specified. If “S” is not specified then
GDj/CDj may contain six and only six degrees of freedom and they cannot refer to
SPOINTs.
4. If only “K” or “Z” is input without “UD” then it is recommended that the resulting stiffness
represents the unsupported element, containing all of the rigid body modes. If not, then
the “UD” option allows for the reintroduction of the rigid body modes with “S” which is
provided by you or computed internally.
a) If “K” and “UD” are specified then the program will form the complete stiffness as
defined by the following equation:
Where the K matrix is formed from the KZmn values and the S matrix is formed from the
Sij values or computed automatically.

b) If “Z” and “UD” are specified then the program will form the complete stiffness as
defined by the following equation:
Where the Z matrix is formed from the KZmn values and the S matrix is formed from the
Sij values or computed automatically. Z must be nonsingular.
5. PARAM,CK3 may be used to scale the stiffness produced by all GENEL elements.
6. All lower triangular values in K and Z and all values in S have to be accounted for in the
input. Zero values may be specified as 0.0 or be left blank, however if all entries in any
continuation line are zero, then at least one visible character must appear on this line (it
can be 0.0 in any field or the plus sign (+) in the first column) because blank lines are
treated as comment. Unused fields (after the last matrix entry) must be blank.
7. General elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

GRAV
Bulk Data Entry
GRAV – Gravity Vector
Description
Defines the gravity vectors for use in determining gravity loading for the structural model. It
can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1,
RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRAV SID C ID G N1 N2 N3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRAV 3 32.2 0.0 0.0 -1.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
G Gravity vector scale factor.
N1,N2, N3 Gravity vector components.
(Real; at least one non-zero component)

Comments
1. The gravity vector is defined by g = G(N1, N2, N3). The direction of G is the direction of
free fall. N1, N2, and N3 are in coordinate system CID.
2. A CID of zero references the basic coordinate system.

GRDSET
Bulk Data Entry
GRDSET – Grid Point Default
Description
Defines default options for fields 3, 7, and 8 of all GRID entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRDSET blank CP blank blank blank CD PS blank
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRDSET 16 32 3456
Field Contents
CP Identification number of coordinate system in which the location of the grid

point is defined.
CD Identification number of coordinate system in which displacements are

measured at grid point.
PS Permanent single-point constraints associated with grid point (any of the

digits 1-6 with no embedded blanks).

Comments
1. The contents of fields 3, 7, or 8 of this entry are assumed for the corresponding fields of
any GRID entry whose field 3, 7, and 8 are blank. If any of these fields on the GRID entry
are blank, the default option defined by this entry occurs for that field. If no permanent
single-point constraints are desired or one of the coordinate systems is basic, the default
may be overridden on the GRID entry by entering zero in the corresponding field. Only
one GRDSET entry may appear in the bulk data section.
2. The primary purpose of this entry is to minimize the burden of preparing data for problems
with a large amount of repetition (for example, two-dimensional pinned-joint problems).
3. At least one of the entries CP, CD, or PS must be non-zero.

GRID
Bulk Data Entry
GRID – Grid Point
Description
Defines the location of a geometric grid point of the structural model, the directions of its
displacement, and its permanent single-point constraints.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRID ID CP X1 X2 X3 CD PS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRID 2 3 1.0 -2.0 3.0 316
Field Contents
ID Unique grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
CP Identification number of coordinate system in which the location of the grid

point is defined.
X1,X2,X3 Location of the grid point in coordinate system CP.
(Real)
CD Identification number of coordinate system in which the displacements,

degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution vectors are defined at grid
point.

Field Contents
(Integer > -1 or blank)
PS Permanent single-point constraints associated with grid point. Up to six

unique digits may be placed in the field with no imbedded blanks.
See the GRDSET entry for default options for fields 3, 7, and 8.
Comments
1. All grid point identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other structural grid
and scalar points. A duplicate identification number is only allowed if all fields on the
duplicated entries are exactly the same, unless PARAM,DUPTOL is used. PARAM,DUPTOL
can be used to set a tolerance that will allow a GRID with same ID, CP, CD, and PS to
have slightly different coordinates. Refer to Guidelines for Bulk Data Entries.
2. The meaning of X1, X2, and X3 depends on the type of coordinate system, CP, as
follows: (see CORDI entry descriptions).
Type X1 X2 X3
Rectangular X Y Z
Cylindrical R q(degrees) Z
Spherical R q(degrees) f(degrees)
3. The collection of all CD coordinate systems defined on all GRID entries is called the Global
Coordinate System. All degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution vectors are
expressed in the Global Coordinate System.
4. If CD = -1, then this defines a fluid grid point in the coupled fluid-structural analysis. This
type of point may only connect the CHEXA, CPENTA, and CTETRA elements to defined
fluid elements.
5. If CP, PS, or CD is blank, information from the GRDSET data will be used. If CP or CD
contains a zero, the basic coordinate system will be used. If PS contains a zero, single
point constraints on the GRDSET data are ignored.
6. Input data replication is available for the GRID data. This can be used to generate
additional GRID data, based on incrementing the GRID ID and coordinate locations.
7. This card is represented as a node in HyperMesh.

GRIDS
Bulk Data Entry
GRIDS – Section Grid Point
Description
Defines a grid point on the y-z plane, using cartesian coordinates, for use in the definition of
arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRIDS ID Y Z
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GRIDS 101 1.1 2.1
Field Contents
ID Identification number.
Y Y location of the grid point.
No default (Real)
Z Z location of the grid point.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. All grid point identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect
to all other grid point identification numbers within the same section definition.

GROUND
Bulk Data Entry
GROUND – Ground Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a ground body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GROUND BID BODY_NAME
TYPE1 ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7
ID8 …
TYPE2 ID1 ID2 …
TYPE# …
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GROUND 3 SUPPORTING_BEAM
PSHELL 23 21
PBEAM 9 59 48
C ONM2 2345
GRID 400 401 402

Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
GROUND 4 ANC HOR
PBAR 10 11 13 15 22 99 88
44
Field Contents
BID Unique body identification number.
BODY_NAME Unique body name. The body name for this PRBODY.
Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID> (Character string)
TYPE# Flag indicating that the following list of IDs refer to entities of this
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLTOEL, RBE2, RBE3,
RBAR, RROD, and GRID are valid types for this field.
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PDAMP,

PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID, PVISC, PWELD,
CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD, GRID)
ID# Identification numbers of entities of the preceding TYPE flag.
Comments
1. Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3, or RROD
elements or grid points can be given.
2. At least one property definition, element, or grid point must be given.
3. A property definition, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, REB3, RBAR, or RROD element or
grid point can only belong to one ground or rigid or flexible body.
4. The grid ID provided in the ground card is considered grounded.

HYBDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
HYBDAMP – Apply Hybrid Damping to the Residual Structure in a Direct or Transient

Frequency Response Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry defines the application of modal damping to the residual structure in a
direct or transient frequency response analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
HYBDAMP SID METHOD SDAMP KDAMP
Field Contents
HYBDAMP Keyword for applying modal damping on a direct analysis
SID Unique hybrid damping SID (Referred to by the HYBDAMP I/O section
data).
METHOD Identification number of EIGRL/EIGRA data. Hybrid damping is applied on

the modes determined by the eigenvalue analysis.
SDAMP Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for modal damping.
KDAMP If KDAMP is set to -1/YES, modal damping is entered into the complex
stiffness matrix as material damping, instead of viscous damping. The
default is 1/NO to enter the damping as viscous damping.
Comments
1. HYBDAMP SID can be set by the HYBDAMP I/O Options Entry in the I/O section of the input
data.

2. Hybrid damping can be defined as shown below:
If KDAMP is set to 1/NO (Default), then:
If KDAMP is set to -1/YES, then:
Where,
are the modes of the structure
[M] is the structural mass matrix
b( ) are the modal damping values
g( ) are equal to twice the critical damping ratios calculated from the TABDMP1 entry
is the natural frequency of mode
mi is the generalized mass of mode

INCLUDE
I/O Options and Bulk Data Entry
This bulk data card is identical to the I/O options entry, INCLUDE.

INSTNCE
Bulk Data Entry
INSTNCE – Defines part location within the global part
Description
The INSTNCE bulk data entry can be used to define the location of a part in the global
structure. Each INSTNCE entry should reference a unique part name.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INSTNC E ID name NN
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INSTNC E 2 C rankShaft 32
Field Contents
ID Set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
name This field specifies the unique name of a part that is to be attached to the
global part (see comment 2). It should match the name of one of the parts
defined using the BEGIN, FEMODEL, name entry.
(Character String)
NN ID of a RELOC bulk data entry. This field defines the actual location of the part
in the final model via the RELOC entry.
Default = Blank (Integer > 0)

Comments
1. The full model consists of several parts, one part is designated as global and the rest of
the parts are attached to the global part using INSTNCE entries. The global part can have
an arbitrary name (it is identified by the presence of INSTNCE entries). A minimum of one
INSTNCE entry should always be present in the model.
2. All INSTNCE entries should exist within a global part and no INSTNCE entry can reference
the name of a global part on the “name” field.
3. Each INSTNCE entry should reference a different part name. However, not every part has
to be defined using an INSTNCE entry. Such parts are still contained within the full model
without any relocation.
4. A global part can be moved to a different location, however, this is not recommended as
it may lead to inaccuracies in locating other parts.

INVELB
Bulk Data Entry
INVELB – Initial Velocity of a Body
Description
Defines initial velocity in a multi-body situation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INVELB SID BID C ID
VX VY VZ WX WY WZ
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INVELB 1 3
1000.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
BID Body identification number.
(Integer > 0)
CID Reference coordinate system.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
VX, VY, VZ Translational velocities.
(Blank or Real)
WX, WY, WZ Rotational velocities.
(Blank or Real)
Comments
1. Only one initial velocity per body can be defined in a load set.

INVELJ
Bulk Data Entry
INVELJ – Initial Velocity of a Joint
Description
Defines initial velocity of a joint in a multi-body situation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INVELJ SID JID JTYPE VT VR
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
INVELJ 1 3 REV 10.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
JID Joint identification number.
(Integer > 0)
JTYPE Joint type.
Options = ("REV", "CYL", or "TRANS")
No default
VT Translational velocity
If JTYPE = TRANS, VT must be real.

Field Contents
VR Rotational velocity
If JTYPE = REV, VR must be real.
Comments
1. Only one initial velocity per joint can be defined in a load set.
2. Initial velocities of joints defined by INVELJ will be overwritten by MOTNJ, MOTNJE, or

MOTNJC.

JOINT
Bulk Data Entry
JOINT – Joint Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINT JID JTYPE G1 G2 X3, G3 Y3 Z3 blank
X4, G4 Y4 Z4
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINT 3 BALL 345 231
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINT 4 UNIV 456 899 0.0 0.0 1.0
399
Field Contents
JID Unique joint identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
JTYPE Joint type
(BALL, FIX, REV, TRANS, CYL, UNIV, CV, PLANAR, INLINE, PERP, PARA,
INPLANE, or ORIENT).
G1, G2 Geometric grid point identification number. Used to identify the bodies
to be connected and, for many JTYPEs, the location of the joint.
(Integer > 0)
X3, Y3, Z3 First orientation vector of the joint.
(Real)
G3 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X3, Y3, Z3 in

conjunction with either G1 or G2 (depending on the JTYPE).
(Integer > 0)
X4, Y4, Z4 Second orientation vector of the joint.
(Real)
G4 Grid point identification number to optionally supply X4, Y4, Z4 in

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Joints are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2. G1 and G2 identify the bodies being joined and must, therefore, belong to different bodies.
3. Definition of the different joint types:
Joint Type Description JTYPE Required Joint Orientation

Fields
Ball All translations are BALL G1, G2 · G1 and G2 must

fixed; all rotations coincide.
are free.
Fixed All translations FIX G1, G2 · G1 and G2 must

Fields
and rotations are coincide.

fixed.
Revolute Rotation about a REV G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must

single selected and either coincide.
axis is free; other X3, Y3, · The selected axis is
rotations and Z3 or G3 defined by the vector
translations are X3, Y3, Z3 or
fixed. alternatively the vector
from G1 to G3.
Translational Translation along TRANS G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must be along

a single selected and either the joint axis.
axis is free; other X3, Y3, · The selected axis is
translations and Z3 or G3 defined by the vector
rotations are X3, Y3, Z3 or
fixed. alternatively the vector
from G1 to G3.
Cylindrical Translation along CYL G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must be along

and rotation and either the joint axis.
about a single X3, Y3, · The selected axis is
selected axis is Z3 or G3 defined by the vector
free; other X3, Y3, Z3 or
translations and alternatively the vector
rotations are from G1 to G3.
fixed.
Universal Rotations about UNIV G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must

two selected and either coincide.
perpendicular axes X3, Y3, Z3 · The first selected (cross
are free; or G3 and pin) axis is defined by
translations and either X4, the vector X3, Y3, Z3 or
other rotations Y4, Z4 or alternatively the vector
are fixed. G4 from G1 to G3.
· The second selected
(cross pin) axis is defined
by the vector X4, Y4, Z4
or alternatively the
vector from G2 to G4.
· The selected axes must
be perpendicular.
Constant Vel Rotations about CV G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must coincide.

two selected axes and either · The first selected axis is
are equal and X3, Y3, Z3 defined by the vector
opposite; or G3 and X3, Y3, Z3 or

Fields
alternatively the vector

translations and either X4,
from G1 to G3.
other rotations Y4, Z4 or
· The second selected axis
are fixed. G4
is defined by the vector
X4, Y4, Z4 or
alternatively the vector
from G2 to G4.
Planar Translations on a PLANAR G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must be in the

plane defined by a and either joint plane.
selected normal X3, Y3, · The vector X3, Y3, Z3 or
vector and the Z3 or G3 the vector from G1 to G3
rotation about will define the normal to
that normal the plane.
vector are free,
out-of-plane
translations and
rotations are
fixed.
Inline Translation along INLINE G1, G2, · G1 and G2 must be along

a single selected and either the joint axis.
axis and all X3, Y3, · The selected axis is
rotations are free; Z3 or G3 defined by the vector
other translations X3, Y3, Z3 or
are fixed. alternatively the vector
from G2 to G3.
Perpendicular Two perpendicular PERP G1,G2 and · The first selected axis is
axes are selected either X3, defined by the vector
that are always to Y3, Z3 or X3, Y3, Z3 or
remain G3 and alternatively the vector
perpendicular. either X4, from G1 to G3.
Therefore, Y4, Z4 or · The second selected axis
rotations about G4 is defined by the vector
both selected X4, Y4, Z4 or
axes and all alternatively the vector
translations are from G2 to G4.
free. Rotation · The selected vectors
about the cross- must be perpendicular to
product of the one another.
two selected
vectors is fixed.
Parallel Axes Two parallel axes PARA G1,G2 · The first selected axis is
are selected that and either defined by the vector X3,
are always to X3, Y3, Y3, Z3 or alternatively
the vector from G1 to

Fields
remain parallel. Z3 or G3 G3.

Therefore, and either · The second selected axis
rotations about X4, Y4, is defined by the vector
the selected Z4 or G4 X4, Y4, Z4 or
parallel axes and alternatively the vector
all translations are from G2 to G4.
free; other · The selected vectors
rotations are must be parallel to one
fixed. another.
Inplane Two perpendicular INPLANE G1,G2 · The first selected vector

vectors are and either is defined by X3, Y3, Z3
selected that X3, Y3, or alternatively the
describe a plane. Z3 or G3 vector from G2 to G3.
Out-of-plane and either · The second selected
translations are X4, Y4, vector is defined by X4,
fixed; all other Z4 or G4 Y4, Z4 or alternatively
translations and the vector from G2 to
rotations are free. G4.
· The selected vectors
must be perpendicular to
one another.
Orient All rotations are ORIENT G1,G2

fixed; all
translations are
free.
4. This card is represented as a joint element in HyperMesh.

JOINTM
Bulk Data Entry
JOINTM – Joint Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence using Marker
Description
Defines a joint using two grids which have a marker card associated with them.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINTM JID JTYPE M1 M2
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINTM 3 BALL 345 231
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
JOINTM 4 UNIV 456 899
Field Contents
JID Unique joint identification number.
(Integer > 0)
JTYPE Joint type
(BALL, FIX, REV, TRANS, CYL, UNIV, CV, PLANAR, INLINE, PERP, PARA,
INPLANE, or ORIENT)

Field Contents
M1, M2 Marker identification numbers.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Joints are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2. M1 and M2 must belong to different bodies and must have a marker card associated with
them.
3. Definition of the different joint types:
Joint Type JTYPE Definition Joint Orientation
Ball BALL M1, M2 · M1, M2 must coincide.
Fixed FIX M1, M2 · M1, M2 must coincide.
Revolute REV M1, M2 · M1, M2 must coincide.

· The joint axis will be along the
Z-axis of marker M1.
Translational TRANS M1, M2 · M1, M2 must be along the joint

axis.
· The joint axis will be along the
Z-axis of marker M1.
Cylindrical CYL M1, M2 · M1, M2 must be along the joint

axis.
Universal UNIV M1, M2 · M1, M2 must coincide.
Constant CV M1, M2 · M1, M2 must coincide.

Velocity
Planar PLANAR M1, M2 · M1, M2 must be in the joint

plane.
Inline INLINE M1, M2
Perpendicular PERP M1, M2
Parallel Axes PARA M1, M2
Inplane INPLANE M1, M2

Joint Type JTYPE Definition Joint Orientation
Orient ORIENT M1, M2 No relative rotation.

LINE
Bulk Data Entry
LINE – Line Definition
Description
Definition of a line.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LINE LINEID EDGE
GA1 GB1
GA2 GB2
GA3 GB3
... ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LINE 100 EDGE
33 34
34 35
35 36

Alternate Format
In this format, line is represented as collection of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LINE LINEID ELEDGE
EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6 EID7 EID8
EID9 -etc-
Alternate Format (SET)
In this format, a line is defined by a SET of elements. With this approach, the line is composed
of all the edges of all selected 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements in the SET.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LINE LINEID SET SID
Field Contents
LINEID Non-unique identification number of LINE.
EDGE Flag indicating that a line is defined by two grids.
GA# Grid point identification number of first grid A.
GB# Grid point identification number of second grid B.
ELEDGE Flag indicating that the line is composed of elements.
EID# Element identification number.
SET Flag indicating that the line is defined by a SET of elements.

Field Contents
Comments
1. LINEID is not unique, multiple LINE cards with the same LINEID compose a line group.
2. GA and GB should be two different grids.
3. All nodes must belong to a shell, solid, truss or beam element.
4. This card is represented as a contactsurf in HyperMesh.

LOAD
Bulk Data Entry
LOAD – Static Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a static load as a linear combination of load sets defined via FORCE, MOMENT,
FORCE1, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, DAREA and GRAV entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LOAD SID S S1 L1 S2 L2 S3 L3
S4 L4 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LOAD 101 -0.5 1.0 3 6.2 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
S Scale factor.
(Real)
Si Scale factors.
(Real)
Li Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. The load vector defined is given by
2. The Li must be unique.
3. All data after the first blank field is ignored.
4. Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (LOAD=SID) if they are to
be applied to the structural model.
5. A LOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another LOAD
entry.
6. SPCD load SIDs cannot be referenced by LOAD data.

LOADADD
Bulk Data Entry
LOADADD – Static Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a static load as a linear combination of load sets defined via FORCE, MOMENT,
FORCE1, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, DAREA, and GRAV entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LOADADD SID S S1 L1 S2 L2 S3 L3
S4 L4 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
LOADADD 101 -0.5 1.0 3 6.2 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
S Scale factor (See comment 1).
(Real)
Si Scale factors (See comment 1).
(Real)
Li Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above

Field Contents
(See comment 1).
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The load vector defined is given by:

r r
P S i
Si PLi
Where,
r
P is the static load as a linear combination of the defined load sets.
S is the scale factor defined in Field 3.
Si
are the scale factors defined in the S1, S2,…, Sn fields.
r
PLi
are the loads, whose id’s, are referenced by the L1, L2,…, Ln fields.
2. The Load Set identification numbers (Li) must be unique.
3. All data after the first blank field is ignored.
4. Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (LOAD=SID) if they are to
be applied to the structural model.
5. A LOADADD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another
LOADADD entry.
6. Only a single thermal load can be referenced by the LOADADD data.
7. SPCD load SIDs cannot be referenced by LOADADD data.

MARKER
Bulk Data Entry
MARKER – Define a Marker by Associating a Grid and a Coordinate System
Description
Define a marker by associating a grid and a coordinate system.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MARKER MID1 GID1 C ID1 MID2 GID2 C ID2
MID3 GID3 C ID3 … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MARKER 3 345 123
Field Contents
MIDi Marker identification number.
(Integer > 0)
GIDi Grid identification number.
(Integer > 0)
CIDi Coordinate system identification number.

Default (Blank, defaults to basic coordinate system)

Comments
1. Each marker has a unique ID. The marker gets its location from the grid corresponding to
the GID and the orientation from the coordinate system (CID).
2. Multiple markers can be located at the same grid with the same or with a different CID.
3. This card is represented as a sensor in HyperMesh.

MAT1
Bulk Data Entry
MAT1 – Material Property Definition, Form 1
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and isotropic materials.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 MID E G NU RHO A TREF GE
ST SC SS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 17 3.+7 0.33 4.28
Field Contents
MID Unique material identification number.
E Young’s Modulus.
G Shear Modulus.
NU Poisson’s Ratio.
Default = blank (-1.0 < Real < 0.5 or blank)

Field Contents
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)
A Thermal expansion coefficient.
No default (Real)
TREF Reference temperature for thermal loading.
GE Structural Element Damping coefficient. See comments 11 and 12.
No default (Real)
ST, SC, SS Stress limits in tension, compression and shear. Used for composite ply
failure calculations
No default (Real)
Comments
1. The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8 and MAT9
entries.
2. The mass density, RHO, is used to automatically compute mass for all structural elements.
3. Either E or G must be specified (that is, nonblank).
4. If any one of E, G, or NU is blank, it is computed to satisfy the identity
E = 2(1+NU)G; otherwise, values supplied by you are used.
5. If E and NU are both blank, they are both given the value 0.0.
6. If G and NU are both blank, they are both given the value 0.0.
7. Implausible data on one or more MAT1 entries result in a warning message. Implausible
data is defined as:
E < 0.0 or
G < 0.0 or
NU > 0.5 or
NU < -1.0 or

except for cases covered by comments 5 and 6.
8. It is strongly recommended that only two of the three values E, G, and NU be input.
9. A warning is issued if NU < 0.0.
10. The large field format may also be used.
11. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
12. TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT1 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.
13. This card is represented as a material in HyperMesh.
Element Type E NU G
CROD, CBAR, CBEAM, Axial and N/A Transverse Shear

and CWELD Bending and Torsion
CSHEAR N/A N/A Shear
Membrane Membrane
CQUAD and CTRIA Transverse Shear
and Bending and Bending
CHEX, CTETRA,
CPENTA, CPRYRA and Deformation N/A
CSEAM

MAT2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, anisotropic materials for
two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT2 MID G11 G12 G13 G22 G23 G33 RHO
A1 A2 A12 TREF GE ST SC SS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT2 13 6.2+3 6.2+3 5.1+3 0.056
6.5-6 6.5-6 -500.0
Field Contents
Gij The material property matrix.
No default (Real)
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
Ai Thermal expansion coefficient vector.
No default (Real)
TREF Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads. See comment
6.
GE Structural Element Damping Coefficient. See comments 7 and 8.
No default (Real)
ST, SC, SS Stress limits in tension, compression and shear. Used for composite ply
failure calculations.
No default (Real)
Comments
entries.
3. The convention for the Gij in fields 3 through 8 are represented by the matrix relationship:
4. If this entry is referenced by the MID3 field (transverse shear) on the PSHELL, G13, G23,
and G33 must be blank.
5. Unlike the MAT1 entry, data from the MAT2 entry is used directly, without adjustment of
equivalent E, G, or NU values.
6. TREF is used as the reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads.
7. The long field format may be used.
8. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.0.
9. TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT 2 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.

10. If a MAT2 card is pointed to by a MID4 on PSHELL, and has a material ID greater than
400,000,000, then the thermal membrane-bending coefficients A1, A2, and A12 have a
modified interpretation, and represent [G]*[alpha] rather then [alpha]. Here, [G] is a
matrix composed of G11, G22 …G33. This is to maintain consistency with respective
terms generated internally by the PCOMP card.

MAT3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and orthotropic materials
used by the CTAXI and CTRIAX6 axisymmetric elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT3 MID EX ETH EZ NUXTH NUTHZ NUZX RHO
GZX AX ATH AZ TREF GE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT3 17 3.0+7 3.1+7 3.2+7 0.33 0.28 0.30 2.0e-5
7.0+6 1.1e-4 1.1e-4 1.2e-4 35.5 0.19
Field Contents
EX, ETH, Young’s Moduli in the x, θ and z directions, respectively.

EZ
NUXTH, Poisson’s Ratios:

NUTHZ,
NUZX NUXTH = Poisson’s Ratio for strain in the θ direction when stress in the x

Field Contents
direction.
NUTHZ = Poisson’s Ratio for strain in the z direction when stress in the θ
direction.
NUZX = Poisson’s Ratio for strain in the x direction when stress in the z
direction.
No default (Real)
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)
GZX Shear Modulus in the x-z plane.
AX, ATH, Thermal expansion coefficient in the x, θ, and z directions, respectively.

AZ
No default (Real)
TREF Reference temperature for thermal loading.
GE Structural Element Damping coefficient. See comment 6.
No default (Real)
Comments
entries.
2. Values of all seven elastic constants, EX, ETH, EZ, NUXTH, NUTHZ, NUZX and GZX must
be present.
3. A warning is issued if absolute value of NUXTH or NUTHZ is greater than 1.0.
4. The x, θ and z directions are principal material directions of the material coordinate
system. Each element (that is a CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element) supporting the use of MAT3
contains a “Theta” field to relate the principal material directions to the basic coordinate
system.
5. The strain-stress relationship is:

Note that the strain and stress here are both defined in the material coordinate system.

MAT4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines constant thermal material properties for conductivity, density, and heat generation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT4 MID K CP RHO H HGEN
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT4 24 200 2e5
Field Contents
K Thermal conductivity.
CP Heat capacity per unit mass (specific heat).
RHO Density.
H Free convection heat transfer coefficient.

Field Contents
HGEN Heat generation capability used with QVOL entries. HGEN is the scale factor
used with QVOL (See comment 3).
Comments
1. The material identification number may be the shared with structural material property
definitions (MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 or MGASK) but must be unique with respect to
other thermal material property definitions (MAT4 or MAT5).
2. MAT4 may specify material properties for any conduction elements. MAT4 also provides
the heat transfer coefficient for free convection (see CONV).
3. HGEN is the scale factor and QVOL is the power generated per unit volume, Pin = volume *
HGEN * QVOL.

MAT5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the thermal material properties for anisotropic materials.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT5 MID KXX KXY KXZ KYY KYZ KZZ CP
RHO HGEN
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT5 2 .300 100 200
2e5
Field Contents
Kij Thermal conductivity.
CP Heat capacity per unit mass (specific heat).
RHO Density.

Field Contents
HGEN Heat generation capability used with QVOL entries. HGEN is the scale factor
used with QVOL (See comment 3).
Comments
1. The material identification number may be the shared with structural material property
definitions (MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 or MGASK), but must be unique with respect to
other thermal material property definitions (MAT4 or MAT5).
2. The thermal conductivity matrix has the following form:
3. HGEN is the scale factor and QVOL is the power generated per unit volume, Pin = volume *
HGEN * QVOL.

MAT8
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear temperature-independent orthotropic material for
two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT8 MID E1 E2 NU12 G12 G1,Z G2,Z RHO
A1 A2 TREF Xt Xc Yt Yc S
GE F12 STRN
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT8 171 30.+6 1.+6 0.3 2.+6 3.+6 1.5+6 0.056
28.-6 1.5-6 155.0
Field Contents
MID Material ID.
E1 Modulus of elasticity in longitudinal direction (also defined as fibre direction or 1-

direction) (See comment 8)

Field Contents
E2 Modulus of elasticity in lateral direction (also defined as matrix direction or 2-

direction) (See comment 8).
NU12
Poisson’s ratio ( for uniaxial loading in 1-direction). Note that for
uniaxial loading in 2-direction is related to by the relation
.
No default (Real)
G12 Inplane shear modulus.
G1,Z Transverse shear modulus for shear in 1-Z plane.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0 or blank)
G2,Z Transverse shear modulus for shear in 2-Z plane.
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)
A1 Thermal expansion coefficient in 1-direction.
No default (Real)
A2 Thermal expansion coefficient in 2-direction.
No default (Real)
TREF Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads. See comment 3.
Xt, Xc, Allowable stresses or strains in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Used for
Yt, Yc composite ply failure calculations.

Field Contents
S Allowable for in-plane shear for composite ply failure calculations.
GE Structural Element Damping Coefficient. See comment 6.
No default (Real)
F12 Tsai-Wu interaction term for composite failure.
No default (Real)
STRN Indicates whether Xt, Xc, Yt, or Yc are stress or strain allowables.
Default = blank (Real = 1.0 for strain allowables, blank for stress allowables)
Comments
entries.
2. If G1, Z and G2, Z values are specified as zero or are not supplied, a penalty term is used
to enforce very high transverse shear stiffness.
3. An approximate value for G1, Z and G2, Z is the inplane shear modulus G12. If test data
not available to accurately determine G1, Z and G2, Z for the material and transverse
shear calculations, the value of G12 may be supplied for G1, Z and G2, Z.
4. TREF is used as the reference temperature for calculations of thermal loads.
5. Long field format can be used.
6. TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT8 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.
7. The option of interpreting Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc as strains is only available for composite
definitions (PCOMP or PCOMPG) using the STRN failure criterion. In this case, the STRN
flag indicates whether Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc are stress or strain allowables.
For all other failure criteria Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc are always interpreted as stresses,
regardless of the value of the STRN flag.
8. The value of E1 should be greater than that of E2 for the material to be stable. If E1 <
E2, then the material matrix becomes indefinite leading to an unstable material.

MAT9
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and anisotropic materials
for solid elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9 MID G11 G12 G13 G14 G15 G16 G22
G23 G24 G25 G26 G33 G34 G35 G36
G44 G45 G46 G55 G56 G66 RHO A1
A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 TREF GE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9 17 6.2+3 6.2+3
6.2+3
5.1+3 5.1+3 5.1 + 3 3.2 6.5 - 6
6.5-6 125.
Field Contents

Field Contents
Gij The material property matrix.
No default (Real)
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)
Ai Thermal expansion coefficient vector.
No default (Real)
No default (Real)
Comments
1. The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9ORT
and MAT9 entries.
3. The convention for the Gij in fields 3 through 8 are represented by the matrix relationship.
The subscripts 1 to 6 refer to x, y, z, xy, yz, and zx of the material coordinate system
defined by the CORDM field on the PSOLID entry.
4. Unlike the MAT1 entry, data from the MAT9 entry is used directly, without adjustment of
equivalent E, G, or NU values.

5. If material data is to specified with the Engineering Constants E1, E2, E3, NU12, NU13,
NU23, G12, G23, and G13, then use the MAT9ORT data.
7. The last continuation is optional.
8. Long field format can be used.

MAT9ORT
Bulk Data Entry
MAT9ORT – Material Property Definition, Form 9-Orthotropic
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and orthotropic materials
for solid elements in terms of engineering constants.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9ORT MID E1 E2 E3 NU12 NU23 NU31 RHO
G12 G23 G31 A1 A2 A3 TREF GE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9ORT 21 1e6 1e3 1e3 0.1 0.1 1e5
1e3 1e3 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6
Field Contents
MID Material identification number. Must be unique with respect to other MAT1,
MAT2, MAT8, MAT9, and MAT9ORT definitions
E1 Elastic modulus in 1-direction.
No default (Real)
No default (Real)

Field Contents
No default (Real)
NU12 Poisson’s ratio for uniaxial loading in 1-direction. See comment 3.
No default (Real)
No default (Real)
Default = NU23 (Real)
RHO Mass density.
No default (Real)
G12 Shear modulus on plane 1-2.
Ai Coefficient of thermal expansion in the i-direction
Default =0.0 (Real)
Comments
1. This input definition is internally converted to an equivalent MAT9 definition on reading

(See comment 7). This is reflected in echoed (ECHO) input data and all messaging.

2. The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 and
MAT9ORT entries.
3. In general, is not the same as , but they are related by .
Furthermore, material stability requires that:
and
4. It may be difficult to find all nine orthotropic constants. In some practical problems, the
material properties may be reduced to normal anisotropy in which the material is isotropic
in a plane (for example, plane 1-2), and has different properties in the direction normal to
this plane.
In the plane of isotropy, the properties are reduced to:
with and
There are five independent material constants for normal anisotropy

.
In case the material has a planar anisotropy, in which the material is orthotropic only in a
plane, the elastic constants are reduced to seven .
6. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
7. Internal conversion from MAT9ORT to MAT9. The material property fields of the MAT9
entry are calculated internally from the MAT9ORT entry using the following formula:

Where,
The values of , E and G for the expressions in the above equations in comment 7 are
taken from the NUij , Ei and Gij fields respectively of this MAT9ORT entry where i, j €
{1,2,3} and the values of (see above equations
in comment 7) are used to populate the G11, G22, G33, G44, G55, G66, G12, G13, and G23
fields (G12=G21, G13=G31 and G23=G32 due to symmetry) of the MAT9 entry. The
remaining elements of the MAT9 entry (that is G14, G15, G24, and so on) are equal to
zero.

MAT10
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines material properties for fluid elements in coupled fluid-structural analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT10 MID BULK RHO C GE ALPHA
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT10 2 0.5 22.1
Field Contents
BULK Bulk modulus.
RHO Mass density.
C Speed of sound.
GE Fluid element damping coefficient.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
ALPHA
Normalized porous material damping coefficient. See comment 6.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. MAT10 may be referenced by PSOLID entries with FCTN=’PFLUID’.
2. The material identification number must be unique with respect to MAT1, MAT2, MAT3,
MAT9, and MAT10 entries, but may be shared with MAT4, MAT5 or MATFAT.
3. The mass density RHO will be used to compute the mass automatically.
4. BULK, RHO, and C are related by BULK = C2 * RHO.
Two out of the three must be specified, and the other will be calculated according to this
equation.
5. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio C/C0 by 2.0.
6. Since the admittance is a function of frequency, the value of ALPHA should be chosen for
the frequency range of interest for the analysis.

MATFAT
Bulk Data Entry
MATFAT - Fatigue Material Data
Description
Defines material properties for fatigue analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATFAT MID UNIT
STATIC YS UTS
Optional continuation lines for SN fatigue properties:
SN SR1 b1 Nc1 b2 FL SE
Optional continuation lines for EN fatigue properties:
EN Sf b c Ef np Kp Nc
SEe SEp
Optional continuation lines for factor of safety (FOS) analysis:
FOS Tfl Hss
Field Contents
MID Material identification number that matches the identification number on a

MAT1 bulk data entry.
UNIT Defines the units of stress values specified on the YS, UTS, SRI1, FL, Sf, and
Kp fields
Default = MPa (MPa, PA, PSI, or KSI)

Field Contents
STATIC STATIC flag indicates that static material properties are defined in the following
fields.
YS Yield strength. See comment 1.
(Real > 0.0, or blank)
UTS Ultimate tensile strength. See comment 1.
SN SN flag indicating that fatigue material properties for SN analysis are following.
SRI1 Fatigue strength coefficient. It is the stress range intercept of SN curve at 1

cycle in log-log scale.
b1 The first fatigue strength exponent. It is the slope of the first segment of SN
curve in log-log scale.
No default (Real < 0.0)
Nc1 In one-segment S-N curve, this is the cycle limit of endurance (see NC1 in
Figure 1).
In two-segment S-N curve, this is the transition point (see NC1 in Figure 2).
b2 The second fatigue strength exponent. It is the slope of the second segment
of SN curve in log-log scale.
Default = 0.0 (Real < 0.0)
FL Fatigue Limit; No damage occurs if the stress range is less than FL (see FL in
Figures 1 and 2). See comment 6.
SE Standard Error of Log(N).
EN EN flag indicating that fatigue material properties for EN analysis are following.
Sf Fatigue strength coefficient.

Field Contents
b Fatigue strength exponent.
c Fatigue ductility exponent.
Ef Fatigue ductility coefficient.
np Cyclic strain-hardening exponent.
Kp Cyclic Strength coefficient.
Nc Reversal limit of endurance. One cycle contains two reversals. See comment
6.
Default = 2.0E8 (Real > 1.0E5)
SEe Standard Error of Log(N) from elastic strain.
SEp Standard Error of Log(N) from plastic strain.
FOS The FOS flag indicates that material properties for factor of safety analysis are
defined in the following fields.
Tfl Torsion fatigue limit.
Hss Hydrostatic stress sensitivity.

Figures
Figure 1a: One-segment S-N curve in log-log scale Figure 1b: One-segment S-N curve in log-log scale
(b2=0) (b2=0)
(Nc1 is not defined or less conservative than FL) (FL is not defined or less conservative than Nc1)
Figure 2: Two-segment S-N curve in log-log scale

Figure 3: E-N curve in log-log scale
Comments
1. UTS or YS is used in mean stress correction (SN) and surface finish correction (SN and
EN). If both UTS and YS are defined, UTS will be used. It is not allowed that both UTS
and YS are blanks.
2. S-N data defined in the MATFAT card is expected to be obtained from standard
experiments that are fully reversed bending on mirror-polished specimens.
3. S-N curves are defined in Stress range – Cycle form. Stress range is the algebraic
difference between the maximum and minimum stress in a cycle. SN curve is expressed
as:
Where S r is the stress range, SRI1 is the fatigue strength coefficient, is the cycle
number, is the fatigue strength exponent.
4. E-N curves are defined in Strain amplitude - Reversal form. Strain amplitude is half of the
algebraic difference between the maximum and minimum strain in a cycle, and one strain
cycle contains two reversals. EN curve is expressed as:
Where, is the strain amplitude, is the fatigue strength coefficient, E is the Young's
modulus, is the cycle number, is the fatigue strength exponent, is the fatigue

ductility coefficient, and is the fatigue ductility exponent.
5. Empirical formula can be used to estimate SN/EN data from ultimate tensile strength
(UTS) and Young’s modulus (E):
Table 1* Estimated S-N data from empirical formula

(* Source: Yung-Li Lee, Jwo. Pan, Richard B. Hathaway and Mark E. Barekey. Fatigue testing and
analysis: Theory and practice, Elsevier, 2005)
Table 2**. Estimate E-N data from UTS and E

(** Source: Anton Baumel and T. Seeger, Materials Data for C yclic Loading, Elsevier, 1990)
6. For one-segment SN curve (b2=0.0), if FL is blank, the fatigue limit is the stress range at
Nc1. If both Nc1 and FL are defined, the more conservative value (larger damage) will be
used (Figure 1).
For two-segment SN curve, if FL is blank, the fatigue limit is 0.0.
When fatigue optimization is performed, fatigue limit FL of S-N data and reversal limit Nc
of E-N data will be ignored in order to get continuous changes in fatigue results when
stress/strain changes.

MATF1
Bulk Data Entry
MATF1 – Isotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Specifies frequency-dependent material properties on MAT1 entry fields via TABLEDi entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF1 MID T(E) T(G) T(NU) T(RHO) T(A) T(GE)
T(ST) T(SC ) T(SS)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF1 17 32 17 53
Field Contents
MID Material property identification number that matches the identification

number on the MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Young’s modulus.
T(G) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear modulus.
T(NU) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Poisson’s ratio.

Field Contents
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the mass density.
T(A) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the damping coefficient.
T(ST) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress limit.
T(SC) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the compression limit.
T(SS) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear limit.
Comments
1. Fields 3, 4, and so on of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on of

the MAT1 entry referenced in field 2. The value in a particular field of the MAT1 entry is
replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this entry. In
the example shown, E is modified by TABLEDi 32, RHO is modified by TABLEDi 17 and GE is
modified by TABLEDi 53. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency
dependence of the field on the MAT1 entry.
2. The MATF1 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT1 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters. Initial values of E, G, or
NU will be supplied according to comment 4 on the MAT1 entry.
3. Table references must be present for each item that is frequency dependent. For
example, it is not sufficient to only give table references for fields 3 and 4 (Young’s
modulus and shear modulus) if density is also frequency dependent.

MATF2
Bulk Data Entry
MATF2 – Anisotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF2 MID T(G11) T(G12) T(G13) T(G22) T(G23) T(G33) T(RHO)
T(A1) T(A2) T(A3) T(GE) T(ST) T(SC ) T(SS)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF2 17 32 15 44
62
Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
T(Gij) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear modulus.
T(Ai) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion

Field Contents
coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(ST) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress limit.
T(SC) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the compression limit.
T(SS) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear limit.
Comments

the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEDi 32; G33 is modified by TABLEDi 15; RHO is
modified by TABLEDi 44 and GE is modified by TABLEDi 62. Blank or zero entries mean that
there is no frequency dependence of the field on the MAT2 entry.
2. The MATF2 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT2 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.

MATF3
Bulk Data Entry
MATF3 – Orthotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Specifies frequency-dependent material properties on MAT3 data entry fields via TABLEDi
entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF3 MID T(EX) T(ETH) T(EZ) T(NUXTH) T(NUTHZ) T(NUZX) T(RHO)
T(GZX) T(AX) T(ATH) T(AZ) T(GE)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF3 17 32 19
52
Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
T(EX) Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for Young’s moduli in the x, θ and z
T(ETH) directions.
T(EZ)
T(EX) Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for Poisson’s ratios in the xθ, θz
T(ETH) and zx directions.

Field Contents
T(EZ) Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank)
T(GZX) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear modulus.
T(AX) Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for thermal expansion coefficients in

T(ATH) the x, θ and z directions.
T(AZ)
Default = blank (Integer or blank)
Comments

the example shown, EX is modified; TABLEDi 32, RHO is modified by TABLEDi 19; and GE is
modified by TABLEDi 52.
2. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency dependence of the field on the
MAT3 entry. Any quantity modified by this entry must have a value on the MAT3 entry.

MATF8
Bulk Data Entry
MATF8 – Shell Orthotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF8 MID T(E1) T(E2) T(NU12) T(G12) T(G1Z) T(G2Z) T(RHO)
T(A1) T(A2) T(Xt) T(Xc) T(Yt) T(Yc) T(S)
T(GE) T(F12)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF8 17 32 15
52
Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
T(E1) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Young’s modulus 1.

Field Contents
T(E2) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Young’s modulus 2.
T(NU12) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Poisson’s ratio 12.
T(G12) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for shear modulus 12.
T(G1Z) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for transverse shear modulus 1Z.
T(G2Z) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for transverse shear modulus 2Z.
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for mass density.
T(A1) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion coefficient
1. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
T(A2) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion coefficient
2.
(Integer or blank)
T(Xt) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress/strain limit 1.
T(Xc) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for compression stress/strain limit 1.
T(Yt) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for tension stress/strain limit 2.
T(Yc) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for compression stress/strain limit 2.

Field Contents
T(S) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for shear stress/strain limit.
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for structural damping coefficient.
T(F12) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for Tsai-Wu interaction term.
Comments

the example shown, E1 is modified by TABLEDi 32; RHO is modified by TABLEDi 15; and GE
is modified by TABLEDi 52.
2. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency dependence of the fields on the
MAT8 entry. The MATF8 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT8 card.
In which case, they will be applied to default values of the respective parameters.

MATF9
Bulk Data Entry
MATF9 – Solid Element Anisotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF9 MID T(G11) T(G12) T(G13) T(G14) T(G15) T(G16) T(G22)
T(G23) T(G24) T(G25) T(G26) T(G33) T(G34) T(G35) T(G36)
T(G44) T(G45) T(G46) T(G55) T(G56) T(G66) T(RHO) T(A1)
T(A2) T(A3) T(A4) T(A5) T(A6) T(GE)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF9 17 32 18 17
12 5
10
Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
T(Gij) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the terms in the material

Field Contents
property matrix.
T(Ai) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
Comments

the MAT9 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the MAT9
entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this
entry. In the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEDj 32; G14 is modified by TABLEDj
18; G22 is modified by TABLEDi 17; G26 is modified by TABLEDi 12; RHO is modified by
TABLEDi 5 and GE is modified by TABLEDi 10.
2. If the fields are zero or blank, there is no frequency dependence of the field on the MAT9
entry. The MATF9 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT9 card. In
which case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.
3. The continuation entries are optional.

MATF10
Bulk Data Entry
MATF10 – Isotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF10 MID T(BULK) T(RHO) T(GE) T(ALPHA)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATF10 2 10 13 17 19
Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
T(BULK) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the bulk modulus.
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for fluid material damping

coefficient.
T(ALPHA) Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for normalized porous material

Field Contents
damping coefficient.
Comments

the MAT10 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the
MAT10 entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of
this entry. In the example shown, BULK modulus is modified by TABLEDj 10; RHO is
modified by TABLEDj 18; G22 is modified by TABLEDi 17; G26 is modified by TABLEDi 12;
RHO is modified by TABLEDi 13; GE is modified by TABLEDi 17 and ALPHA is modified by
TABLEDi 19.
2. If the fields are zero or blank, there is no frequency dependence of the field on the
MAT10 entry. The MATF10 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT10
card. In which case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.

MATHE
Bulk Data Entry
MATHE – Nonlinear Hyperelastic Material Property Definition
Description
The MATHE bulk data entry defines material properties for nonlinear hyperelastic materials. The
Polynomial form is available and various material types (comment 3) can be defined by
specifying the corresponding coefficients.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATHE MID Model
C 10 C 01 D1 TAB1 TAB2 TAB4
C 20 C 11 C 02 D2 NA ND
C 30 C 21 C 12 C 03 D3
C 40 C 31 C 22 C 13 C 04 D4
C 50 C 41 C 32 C 23 C 14 C 05 D5
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATHE 2 MOONEY
80 20 0.001
Field Contents

Field Contents
Model Specifies the type of hyperelastic material model
MOONEY – Selects the generalized Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model
Default = MOONEY (Character, <MOONEY, blank>)
NA Order of the distortional strain energy polynomial function
ND Order of the volumetric strain energy polynomial function (see comment 2).
Cpq Material constants related to distortional deformation (Model = MOONEY).
Dp Material constants related to volumetric deformation (Model = MOONEY).
TAB1 Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains simple tension-
compression data to be used in the estimation of the material constants,
Cpq, related to distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry
should be the stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the engineering
stress.
TAB2 Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains equi-biaxial

tension data to be used in the estimation of the material constants, Cpq,
related to distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry should
be the stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the engineering stress.
TAB4 Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains pure shear data
to be used in the estimation of the material constants, Cpq, related to
distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry should be the
stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the nominal stress.
Comments
1.
curve fit values based on the corresponding TAB# tables. However, any Cpq values set to
0.0 are not overwritten.

2. The polynomial form of the Hyperelastic material model is written as a combination of the
deviatoric and volumetric strain energy of the material. The potential (U) is written in
polynomial form, as follows:
Where,
N1 is the order of the distortional strain energy polynomial function (NA)
N2 is the order of the volumetric strain energy polynomial function (ND). Currently only
first order volumetric strain energy functions are supported (ND=1).
Cpq are the material constants related to distortional deformation (Cpq)
, are invariants internally calculated by OptiStruct
Dp are material constants related to volumetric deformation (Dp). These values define the
compressibility of the material.
Jelas is the elastic volume strain calculated internally by OptiStruct
3. The polynomial form can be used to model the following material types by specifying the
corresponding coefficients (Cpq, Dp) on the MATHE entry:
Mooney-Rivlin Material:
N1 = N2 =1
1 2
U C10 I1 3 C01 I 2 3 J elas 1
D1
Reduced Polynomial:
q=0
N1 N2
p 1 2p
U C p 0 I1 3 J elas 1
p 1 p 1 Dp
Neo-Hooken Material
N1= N2 =1, q=0
1 2
U C10 I1 3 J elas 1
D1

Yeoh Material
N1 = N2 =3, q=0
1 2 2 1 4 3 1 6
U C10 I1 3 J elas 1 C20 I1 3 J elas 1 C30 I1 3 J elas 1
D1 D2 D3
Three term Mooney-Rivlin Material:
U C10 I1 3 C01 I 2 3 C11 I1 3 I2 3
Signiorini Material:
2
U C10 I1 3 C01 I 2 3 C20 I1 3
Third Order Invariant Material:

2
U C10 I1 3 C01 I 2 3 C11 I1 3 I2 3 C20 I1 3
Third Order Deformation Material (James-Green-Simpson):

2 3
U C10 I1 3 C01 I 2 3 C11 I1 3 I2 3 C20 I1 3 C30 I1 3
4. The MATHE hyperelastic material supports CTETRA (4, 10), CPENTA (6, 15), and CHEXA
(8, 20) element types.

MATHF
Bulk Data Entry
MATHF – Material Property Definition for One-step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the material properties in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATHF MID E NU Y K n EPS0
R0 R45 R90 TABLEID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATHF 17 21.0E4 0.3 184.297 549.03 0.22 0.007
1.6 1.6 1.6
Field Contents
E Young’s Modulus.
No default (Real)
NU Poisson’s Ratio.
Default = blank (-1.0 < Real < 0.5 or blank)
Y Yield stress.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
K Strength coefficient.
No default (Real or blank)
n Strain hardening component.
EPS0 Pre-strain coefficient.
R0, R45, R90 Lankford coefficients.
No default (Real)
TABLEID Table ID for stress-strain curve using a TABLES1 entry.
Comments
1. This entry is only valid with a @HyperForm statement in the first line of the input file.
2. The TABLEID and the corresponding curve are required only when material data is
specified with a stress-strain curve. For such case, material parameter such as K, n and
EPS0 are extracted from the stress strain curve.

MATPE1
Bulk Data Entry
MATPE1 – Material Property Definition
Description
Defines the material properties for poro-elastic materials.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATPE1 MID MAT1 MAT10 BIOT
VISC GAMMA PRANDTL POR TOR AFR VLE TLE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATPE1 17 1 10 1.0
1.8-8 1.41 7.0-1 8.0-1 1.2 2.-5 1.0-1 9.3-2
Field Contents
MAT1 Material identification number of the MAT1 bulk data entry (or MATF1 if it is
frequency-dependent) for the skeleton.
MAT10 Identification number of MAT10 bulk data entry for the porous material.
BIOT BIOT factor

Field Contents
VISC Fluid dynamic viscosity
GAMMA Fluid ratio of specific heats.
Default = 1.402 (Real > 0.0)
PRANDTL Fluid Prandtl number.
POR Porosity of the porous material.
TOR Tortuosity of the porous material.
AFR Air flow resistivity.
VLE Viscous characteristic length.
TLE Thermal characteristic length.
Comments
1. This entry is represented as a material in HyperMesh.

MATS1
Bulk Data Entry
MATS1 – Stress-dependent and Temperature-dependent Material Definition
Description
Specifies stress-dependent and temperature-dependent material properties for use in

applications involving nonlinear materials. This entry is used if a MAT1 entry is specified with
the same MID in a nonlinear subcase.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATS1 MID TID TYPE H YF HR LIMIT1
TYPSTRN
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATS1 17 28 PLASTIC 0.0 1 1 2. + 4
Field Contents
MID Identification number of a MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
TID Identification number of a TABLES1 or TABLEST entry. If H is given, then

this field must be blank. See comment 3.
TYPE Type of material nonlinearity. See comments.
PLASTIC – Elastoplastic material

Field Contents
NLELAST – Nonlinear elastic material
Default = NLELAST (PLATIC, NLELAST)
H Work hardening slope (slope of stress versus plastic strain) in units of stress.
For elastic-perfectly plastic cases, H = 0.0. For more than a single slope in
the plastic range, the stress-strain data must be supplied on a TABLES1
entry referenced by TID, and this field must be blank. See comment 2.
(Real > 0)
YF Yield function criterion, selected by the following value (Integer):
1 = von Mises (Default)
HR Hardening Rule, selected by the following value (Integer):
1 = Isotropic Hardening (Default)
2 = Kinematic Hardening
3 = Mixed Hardening with 30% contribution of the Kinematic Hardening and

70% contribution of the Isotropic Hardening
Adjustable Mixed Hardening is selected by choosing (Real) value for HR:
0 < HR < 1 indicates a mixed combination of Isotropic and Kinematic

Hardening. The contribution of the Kinematic Hardening is HR whereas the
contribution of the Isotropic Hardening is 1 – HR.
See comment 4.
(Integer 0, 1, 2, 3 or blank, or Real > 0 and < 1)
LIMIT1 Initial yield point. See comment 6.
(Real > 0 or Blank)
TYPSTRN Specifies the type of strain used on the x-axis of the table pointed to by
TID. The strain type is selected by one of the following values. See
comment 5.
0 - total strain is used on the x-axis.
1 - plastic strain is used on the x-axis.
Default = 0 (Integer, 0, or 1)

Comments
1. For nonlinear elastic material, the stress-strain data given in the TABLES1 entry will be
used to determine the stress for a given value of strain. The values H, YF, HR, and
LIMIT1 will not be used in this case. Nonlinear elastic material is only available in NLGEOM
subcases.
2. For elastoplastic materials, the elastic stress-strain matrix is computed from a MAT1
entry, and the isotropic plasticity theory is used to perform the plastic analysis. In this
case, either the table identification TID or the work hardening slope H may be specified,
but not both. If the TID is omitted, the work hardening slope H must be specified unless
the material is perfectly plastic. The plasticity modulus (H) is related to the tangential
modulus (ET ) by
where, E is the elastic modulus and is the slope of the uniaxial stress-strain
curve in the plastic region.
Stress-strain curve definition when H is specified in field 5.
3. If TID is given, TABLES1 entries (Xi,Yi) of stress-strain data ( ) must conform to the
following rules:
If TYPE = "PLASTIC", the curve must be defined in the first quadrant. The data points
must be in ascending order. If the table is defined in terms of total strain (TYPSTRN = 0),
the first point must be at the origin (X1 = 0, Y1 = 0) and the second point (X2, Y2) must
be at the initial yield point (Y 1) specified on the MATS1 entry. The slope of the line
joining the origin to the yield stress must be equal to the value of E. If the table is
defined in terms of plastic strain (TYPSTRN = 1), the first point (X1, Y1), corresponding to
yield point (Y 1), must be at X1=0. TID may reference a TABLEST entry. In this case, the
above rules apply to all TABLES1 tables pointed to by TABLEST.
If TYPE = “NLELAST”, the full stress-strain curve may be defined in the first and third
quadrants to accommodate different uniaxial compression data. If the curve is defined
only in the first quadrant, then the curve must start at the origin (X1 = 0.0, Y1 = 0.0).
For analyses where small deformations are assumed, there should be little or no difference

between the true stress-strain curve and the engineering stress-strain curve, so either of
them may be used in the TABLES1 definition. For analyses where small deformations are
not assumed, the true stress-strain curve should be used.
If the deformations go past the values defined in the table, the curve is extrapolated
linearly.
4. Kinematic hardening and Mixed hardening are supported only for solids.
5. The conversion of the relation stress vs. total strain (TYPSTRN=0) into stress vs. plastic
strain (TYPSTRN=1) is illustrated below. This is clearly different than simply shifting the
entire table along the epsilon-axis.

6. The LIMIT1 field can be blank if the initial yield point value is defined via a referenced
TABLES1 entry on the TID field. OptiStruct will error out if LIMIT1 is blank and TID does
not reference a TABLES1 entry.

7. The temperature-dependence of the MATS1 material is defined by referencing a TABLEST
entry via the TID field.
8. Large strain elasto-plasticity can be activated using MATS1 (TYPE=PLASTIC) in

conjunction with PARAM, LGDISP, 1.
9. Linear Buckling Analysis and Preloaded Analysis are not supported with models containing
nonlinear (MATS1) material entries. However, you can use PARAM,PRESUBNL,YES to force
OptiStruct to run in such models. Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is not
recommended in models with nonlinear materials or in large displacement nonlinear
analysis. It is the user’s responsibility to interpret the results with caution.

MATT1
Bulk Data Entry
MATT1 – Isotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT1 entry fields via TABLEMi entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT1 MID T(E) T(G) T(NU) T(RHO) T(A) T(GE)
T(ST) T(SC ) T(SS)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT1 17 32 15
52
Field Contents
MID Material property identification number that matches the identification number
on MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Young’s modulus.
T(G) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear modulus.

Field Contents
T(NU) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poisson’s ratio.
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the mass density.
T(A) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the damping coefficient.
T(ST) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the tension stress limit.
T(SC) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the compression limit.
T(SS) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear limit.
Comments
1. Fields 3, 4, and so on, of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on, of
the example shown, E is modified; TABLEMi 32, A is modified by TABLEMi 15; and ST is
modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
2. The MATT1 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT1 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters. Initial values of E, G, or
NU will be supplied according to comment 4 on the MAT1 entry.
3. Table references must be present for each item that is temperature dependent. For
example, it is not sufficient to only give table references for fields 3 and 4 (Young’s
modulus and shear modulus) if Poisson’s ratio is temperature dependent.
4. The TEMPERATURE subcase information entry (with type = MATERIAL) is required to

activate temperature-dependent material behavior and to define the temperature field
(option = SID of TEMP, TEMPD or the SUBCASE ID of a thermal analysis subcase).

MATT2
Bulk Data Entry
MATT2 – Anisotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT2 entry fields via TABLEMj

entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT2 MID T(G11) T(G12) T(G13) T(G22) T(G23) T(G33) T(RHO)
T(A1) T(A2) T(A3) T(GE) T(ST) T(SC ) T(SS)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT2 17 32 15
62
Field Contents
on a MAT2 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(Gij) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the terms in the material
property matrix.
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the mass density.

Field Contents
T(Ai) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the damping coefficient.
T(ST) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the tension stress limit.
T(SC) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the compression limit.
T(SS) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the shear limit.
Comments

the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEMk 32; G33 is modified by TABLEMk 15; and
A1 is modified by TABLEMk 62. If Ri is zero or blank, there is no temperature dependence
of the field on the MAT2 entry.
2. The MATT2 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT2 card. In which
case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.


MATT3
Bulk Data Entry
MATT3 – MAT3 Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT3 MID T(EX) T(ETH) T(EZ) T(NUXTH) T(NUTHZ) T(NUZX) T(RHO)
T(GZX) T(AX) T(ATH) T(AZ) T(GE)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT3 17 32 19
52
Field Contents

number on MAT3 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(EX), Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Young’s moduli in the x, θ
T(ETH), and z directions.
T(EZ)
T(NUXTH), Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poisson’s ratios in the xθ, θz

Field Contents
T(NUTHZ), and zx directions.

T(NUZX)
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the mass density.
T(GZX) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear modulus.
T(AX), Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the thermal expansion

T(ATH), coefficients in the x, θ and z directions.
T(AZ)
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the damping coefficient.
Comments
1. Fields 3, 4, and so on, of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on, of
the example shown, EX is modified; TABLEMi 32, EZ is modified by TABLEMi 19; and GZX is
modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
2. Any quantity modified by this entry must have a value on the MAT3 entry.


MATT4
Bulk Data Entry
MATT4 – Temperature-Dependent Material Property Definition, Form 4
Description
Defines temperature-dependent material properties for the corresponding MAT4 bulk data
entry fields via TABLEMi entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT4 MID T(K)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT4 24 200
Field Contents
MID Material identification number of a MAT4 bulk data entry that is temperature
dependent.
T(K) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry that defines temperature-dependent

thermal conductivity.
Comments
1. The quantities defined on the MAT4 bulk data entry are multiplied by the tabular function
referenced by the MATT4 bulk data card to generate the corresponding material
properties.
2. If the fields are blank or zero, then constant properties defined on the MAT4 bulk data
card are used.

MATT8
Bulk Data Entry
MATT8 – Shell Orthotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT8 MID T(E1) T(E2) T(NU12) T(G12) T(G1Z) T(G2Z) T(RHO)
T(A1) T(A2) T(Xt) T(Xc) T(Yt) T(Yc) T(S)
T(GE) T(F12)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT8 17 32 15
15 52
Field Contents

number on MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E1) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Young’s modulus 1.

Field Contents
T(E2) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Young’s modulus 2.
T(NU12) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poisson’s ratio 12.
T(G12) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for shear modulus 12.
T(G1Z) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for transverse shear modulus 1Z.
T(G2Z) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for transverse shear modulus 2Z.
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for mass density.
T(A1) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient 1. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
T(A2) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient 2.
(Integer or blank)
T(Xt) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the tension stress/strain limit 1.
T(Xc) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for compression stress/strain limit

1.

Field Contents
T(Yt) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for tension stress/strain limit 2.
T(Yc) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for compression stress/strain limit

2.
T(S) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for shear stress/strain limit.
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for structural damping coefficient.
T(F12) Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for Tsai-Wu interaction term.
Comments

the example shown, E1 is modified by TABLEMi 32; A1 is modified by TABLEMi 15; and Xt
is modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
dependence of the fields on the MAT8 entry.


MATT9
Bulk Data Entry
MATT9 – Solid Element Anisotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT9 entry fields via TABLEMk

entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT9 MID T(G11) T(G12) T(G13) T(G14) T(G15) T(G16) T(G22)
T(G23) T(G24) T(G25) T(G26) T(G33) T(G34) T(G35) T(G36)
T(G44) T(G45) T(G46) T(G55) T(G56) T(G66) T(RHO) T(A1)
T(A2) T(A3) T(A4) T(A5) T(A6) T(GE)
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATT9 17 32 18 17
12
5 10
Field Contents
on a MAT9 entry.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
T(Gij) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the terms in the material
property matrix.
T(RHO) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the mass density.
T(Ai) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the thermal expansion

coefficients.
T(GE) Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the damping coefficient.
Comments

the MAT9 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the MAT9
entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this
entry. In the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEMj 32; G14 is modified by TABLEMj
18, and so on. If the fields are zero or blank, there is no temperature dependence of the
field on the MAT9 entry.


MATX0
Bulk Data Entry
MATX0 – Material Property Extension for Void Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines void material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX0 MID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 10.0 0.495 6.0E-10
MATX0 102
Field Contents
MID Material ID of the associated MAT1. See comment 1.
Comments
1. The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT1 bulk data entry. Only
one MATX0 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT1.
2. MATX0 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN subcase entry. For all other subcases, it is
treated as an elastic material defined by the associated MAT1.
3. This card is represented as an extension to a MAT1 material in HyperMesh.

MATX02
Bulk Data Entry
MATX02 – Material Property Extension for Johnson-Cooke Elastic-plastic Material for

Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Johnson-Cooke elastic-plastic material for geometric
nonlinear analysis. This is an elasto-plastic law with strain rate and temperature effects.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX02 MID A B N EPSMAX SIGMAX C DEPS0
IC C FSMOOTH FC UT M TMELT RC P
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 60.4 0.33 2.70E-06
MATX02 102 0.09026 0.22313 0.374618 100.0 0.175
Field Contents
A Plasticity yield stress.
(Real > 0)
B Plasticity hardening parameter.
(Real > 0)

Field Contents
N Plasticity hardening exponent.
EPSMAX Failure plastic strain εmax
SIGMAX Maximum plastic stress σmax0
C Strain rate coefficient. If zero, there is no strain rate effect.
DEPS0 Reference strain rate .
If DESPS < DESPS0, no strain rate effect.
ICC Flag for strain rate dependency of σmax (See comment 5).
Default = ON (ON or OFF)
FSMOOTH Flag for strain rate smoothing.
Default = OFF (ON or OFF)
FCUT Cutoff frequency for strain rate filtering. Only for shell and solid elements.
M Temperature exponent.
TMELT Melting temperature.

Field Contents
RCP Specific heat per unit of volume.
Comments
one MATXi material extension can be associated with a particular MAT1.
3. This is an elastic-plastic law with strain rate and thermal effects. It follows:
with:
= plastic strain
= strain rate
T = Temperature (in Kelvin)
4. If the plastic strain reaches EPSMAX, shell elements are deleted. Solid elements are not
deleted, but the deviatoric stress is set to zero.
5. ICC controls the strain rate effect.

6. No strain rate effects are considered in rod elements.
7. Strain rate filtering is used to smooth strain rates. The input FCUT is available only for
shell and solid elements.
8. To take into account the temperature effect, strain rate dependence must be activated.
If the temperature exponent M = 0; there is no temperature effect. No temperature
effect is considered on rod, bar, and beam elements.
9. The temperature is computed assuming adiabatic conditions:
where, Eint is the internal energy.
If ρCp = 0, the temperature is constant: T = T i

MATX13
Bulk Data Entry
MATX13 – Material Property Extension for Rigid Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines rigid material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX13 MID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 10.0 0.495 6.0E-10
MATX13 102
Field Contents
Comments

MATX21
Bulk Data Entry
MATX21 – Material Property Extension for Rock-Concrete Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Rock-Concrete material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This law is based on the Drücker-Prager yield criteria and is used to model materials
with internal friction such as rock-concrete. The plastic behavior of these materials is
dependent on the pressure in the material. This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX21 MID A0 A1 A2 AMAX
TPID KT FSC AL PMIN B MUMAX PEXT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 3.1E10 0.33 1000.0
MATX21 102 3
1 1E10
Field Contents
A0 Coefficient.
(Real)

Field Contents
A1 Coefficient.
(Real)
A2 Coefficient.
(Real)
AMAX Von Mises limit.
TPID Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the volumetric strain vs.
pressure function.
KT Tensile bulk modulus.
(Real > 0.0)
FSCAL Scale factor for pressure function.
PMIN Minimum pressure.
Default = -1030 (Real)
B Unloading bulk modulus.
(Real > 0.0)
MUMAX Maximum compression volumetric strain.
(Real)
PEXT External pressure (see comment 6).
Comments

3. Hydrodynamic behavior is given by a user-defined function P = f(µ)
where, P is the pressure in the material, and µ is the volumetric strain.
4. Drücker-Prager yield criteria uses a modified von Mises yield criteria to incorporate the
effects of pressure for massive structures:
F = J2 - (A0 + A1P + A2P2)
where,
J2: second invariant of deviatoric stress.
P: pressure.
A0, A1, A2: material coefficients.
vm 3 A0
A1 = A2 = 0 means that the yield criteria is von Mises ( )

5. It is recommended to set unloading bulk modulus, B equal to the initial slope of function
describing P(µ) and tensile bulk modulus KT equal to 1/100 of unloading bulk modulus. B
and KT must be positive.
6. External pressure is required if relative pressure formulation is used. In this specific case,
yield criteria and energy integration require the value of total pressure.

MATX25
Bulk Data Entry
MATX25 – Material Property Extension for Tsai-Wu and CRASURVT Materials for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines an elasto-plastic orthotropic material with Tsai-Wu and CRASURVT yield criteria for
composite shell materials.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX25 MID EPSF1 EPSF2 EPST1 EPSM1 EPST2 EPSM2 DTENDS
WPMAX WPREF IOFF GAMINI GAMMAX DMAX RATIO
FSMOOTH FC UT IFORM
Continuation line for IFORM = TSAI
B N FMAX
SY1T SY2T SY1C SY2C ALFA
SY12C SY12T C 12 EPSR0 IC C
Continuation line for IFORM = CRAS
C EPSR0 ALFA IC C G
SY1T B1T N1T SMAX1T C 1T
EPS1T1 EPS2T1 SRST1 WMPT1
SY2T B2T N2T SMAX2T C 2T

SY1C B1C N1C SMAX1C C 1C
EPS1C 1 EPS2C 1 SRSC 1 WMPC 1
SY2C B2C N2C SMAX2C C 2C
EPS1C 2 EPS2C 2 SRSC 2 WMPC 2
SY12T B12T N12T SMAX12 C 12T

T
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT8 102 70000 70000 0.3 26923.1 26923.1 26923.1
MATX25 102 0.15 0.2 0.95
0.2 1.0 2.0
1E10 1E10 1E10 1E10
1E10 1E10
Field Contents

Field Contents
EPSF1 Total tensile failure in direction 1.
Default = 1E30 (Real)
EPSF2 Total tensile failure in direction 2.
EPST1 Tensile failure strain in direction 1.
(Real)
EPSM1 Maximum strain in direction 1.
(Real)
EPST2 Tensile failure strain in direction 2.
(Real)
EPSM2 Maximum strain in direction 2.
(Real)
DTENDS Maximum damage of composite tensile strength.
Default = 0.999 (Real < 1.0)
WPMAX Maximum plastic work.
WPREF Reference plastic work.
IOFF Total element failure criteria.
= 0: shell is deleted if Wp* > Wp*max for 1 layer

= 1: shell is deleted if Wp* > Wp*max for all layers
= 2: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1)

Field Contents
= 3: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 2(t2)
= 4: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in directions 1(t1) and
2(t2)
= 5: if for all layers: Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1)
or if for all layers: Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 2(t2)
= 6: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1) or
2(t2)
GAMINI Delamination shear strain. See comment 11.
GAMMAX Maximum shear strain.
Default = 1.1E30 (Real)
DMAX Maximum damage.
RATIO Ratio parameter control to delete shell elements
< 0.0: the element will be deleted if all of the layers but one fail (the number
of layers that did not fail is equal to 1).
> 0.0: the element will be deleted if:
FCUT Cutoff frequency for strain rate filtering.
IFORM Formulation flag.
Default = TSAI (TSAI, CRAS)
IFORM = TSAI

Field Contents
B Hardening parameter.
(Real)
N Hardening exponent.
FMAX Maximum value of yield function.
SY1T Tension in direction 1.
(Real > 0)
SY2T Tension in direction 2.
(Real > 0)
SY1C Compression yield stress in direction 1.
(Real > 0)
(Real > 0)
ALFA F12 reduction factor.
(Real > 0)
SY12T Tension yield stress in direction 12.
(Real > 0)
C12 Strain rate coefficient.
(Real)

Field Contents
= 0.0: no strain rate dependency.
EPSR0 Reference strain rate.
(Real)
ICC Flag for yield stress in shear and strain rate (See comment 9).
(Integer)
= 0: Default set to 1
= 1: Strain rate effect on FMAX no effect on WPMAX
= 2: No strain rate effect on FMAX and WPMAX
= 3: Strain rate effect on FMAX and WPMAX
= 4: No strain rate effect on FMAX effect on WPMAX
IFORM = CRAS
C Global strain rate coefficient for plastic work criteria.
(Real)
EPSR0 Reference strain rate.
(Real)
ALFA F12 reduction factor.
Default= 1.0 (Real)
ICCG Global composite plasticity parameters flag for strain rate computation: (See
comment 9).
= 1: Strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T;

no strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 2: No strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C,

SMAX12T; no strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 3: Strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T

and strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 4: No strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T

and strain rate effect on WPMAX.

Field Contents
(Real > 0)
B1T Hardening parameter in direction 1.
(Real)
N1T Hardening exponent in direction 1.
SMAX1T Maximum stress in direction 1.
C1T Strain rate coefficient in direction 1.
0: no strain rate dependency.
Default = C (Real)
EPS1T1 Initial softening strain in direction 1.
EPS2T1 Maximum softening strain in direction 1.
Default = 1.2 * EPS1T1 (Real)
SRST1 Residual stress in direction 1.
Default = 10E-3*SY1T (Real)
WMPT1 Maximum plastic work in tension direction 1.
(Real > 0)

Field Contents
Default = B1T (Real)
Default = N1T (Real)
0: no strain rate dependency
Default = C (Real)
Default = 1.2*EPS1T1 (Real)
Default = 10E-3 * SY2T (Real)
WMPT2 Maximum plastic work in tension direction 2.
(Real > 0)
B1C Hardening parameter in direction 1.
Default = B2T (Real)
N1C Hardening exponent in direction 1.
Default = N2T (Real)

Field Contents
SMAX1C Maximum stress in direction 1.
C1C Strain rate coefficient in direction 1.
Default = C (Real)
EPS1C1 Initial softening strain in direction 1.
ESP2C1 Maximum softening strain in direction 1.
Default = 1.2*EPS1C1 (Real)
SRSC1 Residual stress in direction 1.
Default = 10E-3*S1YC (Real)
WMPC1 Maximum plastic work in compression direction 1.
(Real > 0)
B2C Hardening parameter in direction 2.
Default = B1C (Real)
N2C Hardening exponent in direction 2
Default = N1C (Real)
SMAX2C Maximum stress in direction 2.
C2C Strain rate coefficient in direction 2.

Field Contents
Default = C (Real)
EPS1C2 Initial softening strain in direction 2.
EPS2C2 Maximum softening strain in direction 2.
Default = 1.2*EPS1C2 (Real)
SRSC2 Residual stress in direction 2.
Default = 10E-3*S2YC (Real)
WMPC2 Maximum plastic work in compression direction 2.
(Real > 0)
Default = B2C (Real)
Default = C (Real)

Field Contents
Default = 1.2*EPS1T12 (Real)
Default = 10E-3*SY12T (Real)
WMPT12 Maximum plastic work in shear.
Comments
3. Tsai-Wu formula (IFORM=TSAI) is not available with QEPH (ISHELL=24 on PCOMPX) shell
elements, it is only available with Q4 (ISHELL=1,2,3,4 on PCOMPX) and QBAT(ISHELL=12
on PCOMPX) shell elements.
4. The Lamina yield surface for Tsai-Wu criteria(IFORM=TSAI) is:
with:
Wp is the plastic work
is the reference plastic work
is the yield envelope evolution:
where,
b = Hardening parameter for plastic work
n = Hardening exponent

5. The CRASURV model is an improved version of the former law based on the standard Tsai-
Wu criteria. The main changes concern the expression of the yield surface before
plastification and during work hardening. Firstly, in a CRASURV model, the coefficient F 44
depends only on one input parameter:
Another modification concerns the parameters F ij which are expressed now in function of
plastic work and plastic work rate as below:
6. If the total tensile failure value EPSF1 is reached in the direction 1 and respectively ε
EPSF2 in the direction 2, the stresses tensor in the layer is permanently reset to 0.

7. If a shell has several layers with one material per layer (different materials, different
IOFF), the IOFF used is the one that is associated to the shell in the shell element
definition.
8. Both Wp* and Wp*max are defined as follows:
9. The plastic work criteria is:
When ICC=2,3,4 for Tsai-Wu formula, when ICCG=3,4 for CRASURV formula.
10. Delamination is a global model:
with applies to the all shell and not independently per each layer.
11. Thereby, the coefficients GAMINI, GAMMAX, and DMAX considered, are the coefficients
which are defined in the global material associated to the shell equivalent out-of-plane
shear strain.
12. The IOFF and RATIO field values are utilized only if they are defined in the material
assigned to a part, these fields are not considered if they are only defined in material
used for a layer in the property entry. This option is not available for solid elements.
13. This card is represented as extension to a MAT8 material in HyperMesh.

MATX27
Bulk Data Entry
MATX27 – Material Property Extension for Elastic-Plastic Brittle Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for elastic-plastic brittle material for geometric nonlinear
analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX27 MID A B N EPSMAX SIGMAX C DEPS0
IC C
EPS1 EPS1MAX D1MAX EPSD1 EPS2 EPS2MAX D2MAX ESPD2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 127 60.4 0.33 2.70E-06
MATX27 127 0.09026 0.22313 0.374618 100.0 0.175
Field Contents
(Real > 0)

Field Contents
(Real > 0)
C Strain rate coefficient.
DEPS0 Reference strain rate .
If DESPS < DESPS0, no strain rate effect.
ICC Flag for strain rate dependency of σmax . See comment 4.
EPS1 Tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 1.
Default = 1.0*1030 (Real > 0)
EPS1MAX Maximum tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 1.
Default = 1.1*1030 (Real > 0)
DMAX1 Maximum tensile failure damage in principal strain direction 1.

Field Contents
EPSD1 Tensile strain for element deletion in principal strain direction 2.
Default = 1.2*1030 (Real > 0)
EPS2 Tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 2.
Default = 1.0*1030 (Real > 0)
EPS2MAX Maximum tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 2.
Default = 1.1*1030 (Real > 0)
DMAX2 Maximum tensile failure damage in principal strain direction 2.
EPSD2 Tensile strain for element deletion in principal strain direction 2.
Default = 1.2*1030 (Real > 0)
Comments
3. This law is only applicable with shell elements. The isotropic elasto-plastic model is the
same as with MATX02. However, MATX27 allows material damage and brittle failure to be
modeled.

5. The failure plastic strain EPSMAX has no effect if the second continuation is defined.
6. An element is removed if one layer reaches the tensile failure strain EPS1.

MATX28
Bulk Data Entry
MATX28 – Material Property Extension for Honeycomb Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Honeycomb material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX28 MID
TIID11 TIID22 TIID33 IFLAG1 FSC AI11 FSC AI22 FSC AI33
EPSFI11 EPSFI22 EPSFI33
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9ORT 102 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.286E-7
0.1 0.01 0.1
102
MATX28
11 22 33 NEGSTR 1.0 1.0 1.0
0 0 0
12 23 31 NEGSTR 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.0 0.0 0.0
Field Contents
MID Material ID of the associated MAT9ORT. See comment 1.
TIID11 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the initial yield stress function
in direction 11.
in direction 22.
in direction 33.
IFLAG1 Strain formulation for yield functions 11, 22, and 33. See comment 4.
Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, or NEGSTR)
VOLSTR - Yield stress is a function of volumetric strains.
STR - Yield stress is a function of strains.
NEGSTR - Yield stress is a function of negative strains.
FSCAI11 Scale factor on initial yield stress function in direction 11.
EPSFI11 Initial failure strain under tension or compression in direction 11.
(Real)

Field Contents
(Real)
(Real)
TIID12 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the initial shear yield stress
function in direction 12.
IFLAG2 Strain formulation for yield functions 12, 23, and 31.
Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, or NEGSTR)
FSCAI12 Scale factor on initial shear yield stress function in direction 12.
(Real)
(Real)

Field Contents
(Real)
Comments
1. The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT9ORT bulk data entry.
Only one MATX28 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT9ORT.
3. This law is compatible with 10 node tetrahedron elements, and it is compatible with
ISOLID = 1, 2, or 12 on PSOLIDX card.
4. This law is not compatible with IFRAME = OFF, if it is referenced by the PSOLIDX card.
5. When switching from a volumetric strain formulation to a strain formulation, IFLAGi =

NEGSTR allows the same function definition to be retained.
6. If one of the failure or shear failure strains is reached, the element is deleted.
7. Transition strains define transition from initial yield stress function to residual yield stress
function.
8. If one of the transition or shear transition strains is reached, the element has yield stress
described by residual functions in each direction. Transition is applied to the neighboring
elements.
9. This card is represented as an extension to a MAT9ORT material in HyperMesh.

MATX33
Bulk Data Entry
MATX33 – Material Property Extension for Visco-Elastic Plastic Foam Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for visco-elastic plastic foam material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX33 MID KA TID FSC ALE P0 PHI EPSV0
A B C E1 E2 ET ETAC ETAS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 133 0.11 0.11 9.92E-07
MATX33 133 0
Field Contents
MID Material ID of the associated MAT1 (See comment 1).
KA Flag for analysis type.
Default = ELAST (Character = ELAST, VISCO)
ELAST: the skeletal behavior before yield is elastic.
VISCO: the skeletal behavior before yield is visco-elastic.

Field Contents
TID Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the yield stress vs.
volumetric strain curve.
FSCALE Scale factor for stress in yield curve.
P0 Initial air pressure (See comment 4).
PHI Ratio of foam to polymer density.
EPSV0 Initial volumetric strain.
A Yield parameter.
B Yield parameter.
C Yield parameter.
E1 Coefficient for Young's modulus update.
No default (Real)
E2 Coefficient for Young's modulus update.
No default (Real)
ET Tangent modulus.

Field Contents
ETAC Viscosity coefficient in pure compression.
ETAS Viscosity coefficient in pure shear.
Comments
3. This material can be used only with solid elements, typically used to model low density,
closed cell polyurethane foams such as impact limiters.
4. The air pressure is computed as
Pair = P0 * / (1+ - Φ), with = 0 + V/V0 - 1
where, is the volumetric strain, Φ is the porosity, P0 is the initial air pressure, 0 is the
initial volumetric strain. The volumetric strain < 0 in compression.
5. If TID is blank or zero, then
σy = A + B(1+ Cγ ), with = V/V0 - 1 = ρ/ρ0 - 1 = -µ/(1+µ)
6. If TID is defined, σy vs. is read from input of the curve.
7. The Young’s modulus used in the calculation is
E = max(E, E1 + E2)

This material assumes NU = 0 no matter what is defined on the corresponding MAT1.
Hence, G = 0.5 * E.

MATX36
Bulk Data Entry
MATX36 – Material Property Extension for Piece-wise Linear Elastic-plastic Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for piece-wise linear elastic-plastic material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX36 MID EPSMAX EPST1 EPST2 EPSF FSMOOTH FC UT IC H
TPID PSC A
TID1 FSC A1 EPSR1
... ... ...
TIDi FSC Ai EPSRI
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 60.4 0.33 2.70E-06
MATX36 102
10 1.0
7 1.0 0.0

Field Contents
MID Material identifier of the associated MAT1 (See comment 1).
EPST1 Maximum tensile failure strain (See comment 5).
EPST2 Maximum tensile failure damage (See comment 6).
Default = 2.0*1030 (Real > 0)
EPSF Tensile strain for element deletion.
Default = 3.0*1030 (Real > 0)
ICH Hardening coefficient.
0.0 - The hardening is a full isotropic model.
1.0 - Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0 - Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
TPID Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines pressure dependent yield

stress function.
PSCA Scale factor for stress in pressure dependent function.

Field Contents
TIDi Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the yield stress vs. plastic
strain function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be defined
for different strain rates.
FSCAi Scale factor for TIDi.
EPSRi Strain rate. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order.
(Real)
Comments
3. The first point of yield stress functions (plastic strain vs. stress) should have a plastic
strain value of zero. If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, the
default value of EPSMAX is set to the value of the corresponding plastic strain.
4. When the plastic strain reaches EPSMAX, the element is deleted.
5. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt1 = EPST1, the stress σ is reduced by
with εt2 = EPST2.
6. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt2 = EPST2, the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
element is not deleted).
7. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εf = EPSF, the element is deleted.
9. Hardening is defined by ICH.
ICH = 0 – Fully isotropic hardening

ICH = 1 – Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening

0 < ICH < 1 – Interpolation between the two models
10. The kinematic hardening model is not available with global formulation (NIP = 0 on
PSHELX), that is hardening is fully isotropic.
11. In case of kinematic hardening and strain rate dependency, the yield stress depends on
the strain rate.
12. TPID is used to distinguish the behavior in tension and compression for certain materials
(that is pressure dependent yield). This is available for both shell and solid elements.
The effective yield stress is then obtained by multiplying the nominal yield stress by the
yield factor PSCA corresponding to the actual pressure.
13. The first function TID1 is used for strain rate values from 0 to the corresponding strain
rate EPSR1. However, the last function used in the model does not extend to the
maximum strain rate; for higher strain rates, a linear extrapolation will be applied. Hence,
if < EPSRi, the yield stress is interpolated between TIDi and TIDi-1. If < EPSR1, TID1
is used. Above EPSRmax the yield stress is extrapolated.
14. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order. Separate functions must be
defined for different strain rates.
15. At least one strain rate is needed under which the yield stress vs. plastic strain function
is defined.

MATX42
Bulk Data Entry
MATX42 – Material Property Extension for Ogden, Mooney-Rivlin Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Ogden, Mooney-Rivlin material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX42 MID SC UT TBID FBULK
LAW MU1 ALFA1 MU2 ALFA2 MU3 ALFA3
MU4 ALFA4 MU5 ALFA5
Optional continuation lines for prony value:
PRONY G1 T1 G2 T2 G3 T3
G4 T4 G5 T5 ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 10.0 0.495 6.0E-10
MATX42 102
LAW 0.10 2.0 -0.010 -2.0

Field Contents
SCUT Cut-off stress in tension.
Default = 103 0 (Real > 0)
TBID Identification number of a TABLES1 to define the bulk function f(J) that scales
the bulk modulus vs. relative volume. If TBID = 0, f(J) = const. = 1.0.
FBULK Scale factor for bulk function.
LAW Indicates that material parameters MUi and ALFAi follow.
MUi Parameter µi
(Real)
ALFAi Parameter αi
(Real)
PRONY Indicates that prony model parameters Gi and Ti follow.
Gi Parameter G for prony model.
(Real)
Ti Parameter T for prony model.
(Real)
Comments

3. Up to five pairs MUi, ALFAi are permitted.
4. The recommended Poisson’s ratio for incompressible material is NU = 0.495. NU is defined

on the corresponding MAT1.
5. The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation
with λi being the ith principal stretch (λi = 1 + ε i

, ε i
is the ith principal engineering
strain). The Cauchy stress is computed as follows:
with J = λ1 * λ2 * λ3 being the relative volume:
The quantity P is the pressure:
P = K * FBULK * f (J) * (J - 1)
The Bulk Modulus K is:
with the ground shear modulus µ:
6. An incompressible Mooney-Rivlin material is governed by
W = C1 0 (I1 - 3) + C0 1 (I2 - 3)
where, Ii is ith invariant of the right-hand Cauchy-Green Tensor. It can be modeled using
the following parameters:
µ1 = 2 * C1 0

µ2 = -2 * C0 1
α1 = 2.0
α2 = -2.0
7. The Kirchhoff viscous stress is given by the convolution integral:
and

MATX43
Bulk Data Entry
MATX43 – Material Property Extension for Hill Orthotropic Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Hill Orthotropic material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This law is only applicable to two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX43 MID R00 R45 R90 C HARD EPSPF EPST1 EPST2
If strain rate dependent material, at least 1 time, at most 10 times
TID1 FSC A1 EPSR1
TID2 FSC A2 EPSR2
… … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT8 102 0.7173 0.7173 0.3 0.4 2.7
MATX43 102 1.0 1.0 2.0
1 1.0 0.1
2 1.0 0.05

Field Contents
R00 Lankford parameter at 0 degree.
R45 Lankford parameter at 45 degrees.
R90 Lankford parameter at 90 degrees.
CHARD Hardening coefficient.
0.0 - The hardening is a full isotropic model.

1.0 - Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0 - Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
Default = 0.0 (1.0 > Real > 0.0)
EPSPF Failure plastic strain.
Default = 1030 (Real)
EPST1 Tensile failure strain.
EPST2 Tensile failure strain.
Default = 2.0*1030 (Real)
strain function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be defined
for different strain rates.
Integer > 0

Field Contents
FSCAi Scale factor for ith function.
Default= 1.0 (Real)
EPSRi Strain rate for ith function.
(Real)
Comments
one MATX43 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT8. E1 must be
equal to E2 on MAT8 that is extended by MATX43.
3. The yield stress is defined by a user function and the yield stress is compared to
equivalent stress.
4. Angles for Lankford parameters are defined with respect to orthotropic direction 1.
5. The Lankford parameters rα are determined from a simple tensile test at an angle α to the
orthotropic direction 1.
6. The hardening coefficient is used to describe the hardening model. Its value must be
between 0 and 1:
if set to 0, the hardening is full isotropic.

if set to 1, the hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.

for any value between 0 and 1, the hardening is interpolated between the two models.
7. If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, default value of failure
plastic strain EPSPF is set to the corresponding value of plastic strain, p.
8. If plastic strain εp reaches failure plastic strain εpmax , the element is deleted.
9. If ε1 (largest principal strain) > εt1(EPST1), stress is reduced according to the following
relation:
10. If ε1 (largest principal strain) > εt2(EPST2), the stress is reduced to be 0 (but the
element is not deleted). If (EPSRn), yield is interpolated between ƒn and ƒn-1. If
(EPSR1), function ƒ1 is used. Above , yield is extrapolated.
11. This card is represented as extension to a MAT8 material in HyperMesh.

MATX44
Bulk Data Entry
MATX44 – Material Property Extension for Cowper-Symonds Elastic-plastic Material for

Description
Defines additional material properties for Cowper-Symonds elastic-plastic material for

Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX44 MID A B N IC H SIGMAX C P
IC C FSMOOTH FC UT EPSMAX EPST1 EPST2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 144 0.11 0.11 9.92E-07
MATX44 144
Field Contents
MID Material ID of the associated MAT1.
(Real > 0)
(Real > 0)

Field Contents
ICH Hardening coefficient.
0.0: The hardening is a full isotropic model.

1.0: Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0: Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
C Strain rate coefficient.
P Strain rate exponent.
ICC Flag for strain rate dependency of σmax (See comment 5).
EPSMAX Failure plastic strain.
EPST1 Tensile rupture strain 1.

Field Contents
EPST2 Tensile rupture strain 2.
Default = 2.0 * 1030 (Real > 0)
Comments
3. The Cowper-Symonds models an elastic-plastic material, only for solids and shells. The
basic principle is the same as the standard Johnson-Cook model; the only difference
between the two lies in the expression for strain rate effect on flow stress
with εp being plastic strain, and being the strain rate.
ICH = 0 – Fully isotropic hardening.

ICH = 1 – Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening.
0 < ICH < 1 – Interpolation between the two models.

6. No strain rate effects are considered in rod elements.
9. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt1 = EPST1, the stress σ is reduced by
with εt2 = EPST2.
10. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt2 = EPST2, the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
11. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εf = EPSF, the element is deleted.

MATX60
Bulk Data Entry
MATX60 – Material Property Extension for Piece-wise Nonlinear Elastic-plastic Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for piece-wise nonlinear elastic-plastic material for
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX60 MID EPSPF EPST1 EPST2 FSMOOTH C HARD FC UT EPSF
TPID PSC A
Strain rate dependent material, at least 4 times, at most 10 times:
TID1 FSC A1 EPSR1
TID2 FSC A2 EPSR2
... ... ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 900 0.33 1E1
MATX60 102
101 1.0 4.2E-7
102 1.0 4.2e6

Field Contents
EPSPF Failure plastic strain.
EPST1 Maximum tensile failure strain (See comment 5).
EPST2 Maximum tensile failure damage (See comment 6).
Default = 2.0*1030 (Real > 0)
CHARD Hardening coefficient.
0.0: The hardening is a full isotropic model.

1.0: Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0: Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
Default = 0.0 (1.0 > Real > 0)
EPSF Tensile strain for element deletion.
Default = 3.0*1030 (Real > 0)
TPID Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines pressure dependent yield

stress function.
PSCA Scale factor for stress in pressure dependent function.

Field Contents
strain rate function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be
FSCAi Scale factor for TIDi.
EPSRi Strain rate. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order.
(Real)
Comments
3. The first point of yield stress functions (plastic strain vs. stress) should have a plastic
strain value of zero. If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, the
default value of EPSMAX is set to the value of the corresponding plastic strain.
5. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt1 (EPST1), the stress σ is reduced by
with εt2 = EPST2.
6. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εt2 (EPST2), the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
7. If the first principal strain ε1 reaches εf (EPSF), the element is deleted.

ICH = 0 – Fully isotropic hardening
ICH = 1 – Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening
0 < ICH < 1 – Interpolation between the two models
Isotropic Hardening Prager-Ziegler Kinematic Hardening
10. The kinematic hardening model is not available with global formulation (NIP = 0 on
PSHELX), that is hardening is fully isotropic.
11. In case of kinematic hardening and strain rate dependency, the yield stress depends on
the strain rate.
12. TPID is used to distinguish the behavior in tension and compression for certain materials
(that is pressure dependent yield). This is available for solid elements only. The effective
yield stress is then obtained by multiplying the nominal yield stress by the yield factor
PSCA corresponding to the actual pressure.
13. If ( =EPSRn) , yield stress is a cubic interpolation between functions f n-

1, f n, f n+1 and f n+2.
If , yield stress is interpolated between functions f 1, f 2, and f 3.
If , where Nfunc is the function number for strain rate, yield is

extrapolated between functions f Nfunc-3, f Nfunc-2, f Nfunc-1 and f Nfunc.
If , yield is extrapolated between functions f Nfunc-2, f Nfunc-1, and f Nfunc.
14. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order. Separate functions must be

MATX62
Bulk Data Entry
MATX62 – Material Property Extension for Hyper-visco-elastic Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Hyper-visco-elastic material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX62 MID MUMAX
LAW MU1 ALFA1 MU2 ALFA2 MU3 ALFA3
MU4 ALFA4 MU5 ALFA5 ...
Optional continuation lines for Maxwell value:
MAXWELL GAM1 T1 GAM2 T2 GAM3 T3
GAM4 T4 GAM5 T5 ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 10.0 0.495 6.0E-10
MATX62 102
LAW 0.10 2.0 -0.010 -2.0

Field Contents
MUMAX Maximum viscosity.
LAW Indicates that material parameters MUi and ALFAi follow.
MUi Parameter µi
(Real)
ALFAi Parameter αi
(Real)
MAXWELL Indicates that MAXWELL model parameter pairs GAMi and Ti follow.
GAMi Stiffness ratio γ i.
(Real)
Ti Time relaxation τi.
(Real)
Comments
3. This material is compatible with solid and shell elements.
4. NU is defined on the corresponding MAT1.
5. If no pair GAM1, T1 is given the law is hyper-elastic.

6. The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation:
with λi being the ith principal stretch, J = λ1 * λ2 * λ3 being the relative volume and
. O < NU < 0.5
The ground shear modulus is:

MATX65
Bulk Data Entry
MATX65 – Material Property Extension for Tabulated Strain Rate Dependent Elastic-Plastic
Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for tabulated strain rate dependent elastic-plastic
material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX65 MID EPSMAX FSMOOTH FC UT NLOAD
If NLOAD > 1, NLOAD times
TIDL TIDU EPSR FSC AL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 91 60.4 0.33 2.70E-06
MATX65 91 2.70E-06 1
1 2
Field Contents

Field Contents
(Real > 0)
FSMOOTH Strain rate filtering flag.
Default = 1.E30 (Real > 0)
NLOAD Number of loading/unloading stress-strain function pairs.
TIDL Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the loading stress-strain
function.
(Integer > 0)
TIDU Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the unloading stress-
strain function.
(Integer > 0)
EPSR Strain rate.
FSCAL Scale factor for stress.
Comments
3. The material law is defined by pairs of stress functions for loading and unloading at a
constant strain rate. For each strain rate, the yield stress is defined by the intersection
between loading and unloading curves. Unloading follows unloading curve shifted by
plastic strain value. Strain rates are interpolated using input values. In the elastic range,
stress smaller than the yield value, the material behavior is elastic with hysteresis. It is

limited by loading and unloading curves.
Loading and unloading function sets for constant strain rates.
The Young's modulus must be greater than the maximum function slopes, and is used to
follow loading and unloading paths between limiting curves.
For a constant strain rate, user defined functions set the limits for the cycling loading.


MATX68
Bulk Data Entry
MATX68 – Material Property Extension for Honeycomb Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Honeycomb material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX68 MID
TIID21 TIID32 TIID13 FSC AI21 FSC AI32 FSC AI13
TRID11 TRID22 TRID33 FSC AR11 FSC AR22 FSC AR33
EPST11 EPST22 EPST33
EPST12 EPST23 EPST31
Example

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT9ORT 102 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.286E-7
0.1 0.01 0.1
102
MATX68
11 22 33 NEGSTR 1.0 1.0 1.0
0 0 0
12 23 31 NEGSTR 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
21 32 13 1.0 1.0 1.0
11 22 33 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.8 0.0 0.0
12 23 31 1.0 1.0 1.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
21 32 13 1.0 1.0 1.0
Field Contents
MID Material ID of the associated MAT9ORT. See comment 1.
TIID11 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines initial yield stress function in
direction 11.

Field Contents
direction 22.
direction 33.
IFLAG1 Strain formulation for yield functions 11, 22, and 33. See comment 4.

Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, NEGSTR)
(Real)
(Real)
(Real)
TIID12 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines initial shear yield stress

Field Contents
TIID23 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines Initial shear yield stress
IFLAG2 Strain formulation for yield functions 12, 23, and 31.

Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, NEGSTR)
(Real)
(Real)

Field Contents
(Real)
TRID11 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines residual yield stress function
in direction 11.
in direction 22.
in direction 33.

Field Contents
FSCAR11 Scale factor on residual yield stress function in direction 11.
EPST11 Transition strain in direction 11.
(Real)
(Real)
(Real)
TRID12 Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines residual shear yield stress
FSCAR12 Scale factor on residual shear yield stress function in direction 12.

Field Contents
(Real)
(Real)
(Real)

Field Contents
Comments
1. The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT9ORT bulk data entry.
Only one MATX68 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT9ORT.
3. This law is compatible with 8 node brick elements with ISOLID =1 or ISOLID =2 on
PSOLIDX only.
4. When switching from a volumetric strain formulation to a strain formulation, IFLAGi =

NEGSTR allows the same function definition to be retained.
5. If one of the failure or shear failure strains is reached, the element is deleted.
6. Transition strains define transition from initial yield stress function to residual yield stress
function.
7. If one of the transition or shear transition strains is reached, the element has yield stress
described by residual functions in each direction, Transition is applied to the neighbor
elements.
8. This card is represented as extension to a MAT9ORT material in HyperMesh.

MATX70
Bulk Data Entry
MATX70 – Material Property Extension for Tabulated Visco-elastic Foam Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for tabulated visco-elastic foam material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX70 MID EMAX EPSMAX FSMOOTH FC UT NLOAD NULOAD IFLAG
SHAPE HYS
If NLOAD > 1, NLOAD times
TIDL EPSRL FSC ALL
If NULOAD > 0, NULOAD times
TIDU EPSRU FSC ALU
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 170 0.1 0.1 9.9E-07
MATX70 170 1.0 0.8 1 4

Field Contents
EMAX Maximum young modulus .
(Real > 0)
EPSMAX Maximum plastic (failure) strain.
(Real > 0)
FSMOOTH Strain rate smoothing flag.
Default = 1.E30 (Real > 0)
NLOAD Number of loading stress-strain function.
NULOAD Number of unloading stress-strain function. If FLAG in this card is 1, 2, 3, or

4, NULOAD must be zero.
Default = 1, if FLAG = 0
Default = 0, if FLAG = 1, 2, 3, or 4
(Integer > 0)
IFLAG Flag to control the loading/unloading behavior (See comment 5).
0 – Behavior follows the loading and unloading curves respectively.
1 – Behavior follows the loading/unloading curves. For unloading, the

deviatoric stress is modified.
2 – Behavior follows the loading/unloading curves. For unloading, the stress

tensor is modified.

Field Contents
3 – The loading curve is used for both loading and unloading. For unloading,
the deviatoric stress is modified. The unloading curves are ignored.
4 - The loading curve is used for both loading and unloading. For unloading,
the stress tensor is modified. The unloading curves are ignored.
SHAPE Shape factor.
HYS Hysteresis unloading factor.
TIDL Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the loading function.
(Integer > 0)
EPSRL Strain rate for loading function.
FSCALL Scale factor for loading function.
TIDU Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the unloading function.
EPSRU Strain rate for unloading function.
FSCALU Scale factor for unloading function.
Comments

3. This material law can be used only with solid elements. The corresponding PSOLIDX
property must define ISOLID = 1 (Belytschko element), ISMSTR = 1 (small strain), and
IFRAME = OFF (not co-rotational).
4. The loading and unloading functions use engineering stress-strain curve.
Loading and unloading stress-strain curves
5. The loading and unloading behavior is determined by IFLAG.
IFLAG = 0 - The material behavior follows the defined curves for loading and unloading.
NLOAD and NULOAD must be greater than 0.
IFLAG = 1 - Both loading curves are used respectively. For unloading, the deviatoric
stress is modified by using the quasi-static unloading curve
σ = (1 - D)(σ + p*I) – p*I
where, D is calculated from the quasi-static unloading curve,
are the current stresses computed respectively from the unloading and quasi-static
curves.
The pressure is:
p = -(σxx + σyy + σzz) / 3
IFLAG = 2 - Both loading and unloading curves are used respectively. For unloading,
the stress tensor is modified using the quasi-static unloading curve σ = (1 - D)σ, where
D is calculated from the quasi-static unloading curve,
are the current stresses computed respectively from the unloading and quasi-static
curves.

IFLAG = 3 - The loading curves are used for both loading and unloading behavior. The
unloading curve is ignored. The deviatoric unloading stress is modified using
σ = (1 - D)(σ + p*I) – p*I
where, Wcur and Wmax are the current and maximum energy, respectively.
IFLAG = 4 - The loading curves are used for both loading and unloading behavior. The
unloading curve is ignored. The unloading stress tensor is modified using σ = (1 - D)σ.
where, Wcur and Wmax are the current and maximum energy, respectively.
For IFLAG = 3, 4 the unloading curves are not used.
6. For stresses above the last load function, the behavior is extrapolated by using the two
last load functions. In order to avoid huge stress values, it is recommended to repeat the
last load function.
7. When maximum plastic strain EPSMAX is reached, EMAX is used whatever the curve
definition is.
8. If EMAX is blank, EMAX is set and equal to Young modulus on MAT1 card.
9. If EPSMAX is blank, it will be calculated automatically if EMAX is less than the maximum
tangent according to the input stress-strain curves.
10. Young's modulus E on MAT1 card would be modified automatically if it is less than the
initial value according to the input stress-strain curves' tangents.

MATX82
Bulk Data Entry
MATX82 – Material Property Extension for Ogden Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Ogden material for geometric nonlinear analysis. This
material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MATX82 MID
LAW MU1 ALFA1 D1 MU2 ALFA2 D2
MU3 ALFA3 D3 MU4 ALFA4 D4
...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MAT1 102 10.0 0.495 6.0E-10
MATX82 102
LAW 0.10 2.0 -0.010 -2.0
Field Contents

Field Contents
LAW Indicates that material parameters MUi, ALFAi, and Di follow.
MUi Parameter µi
(Real)
ALFAi Parameter αi
(Real)
Di Parameter Di
(Real)
Comments
3. NU is defined on the corresponding MAT1. For material without Poisson effect, a small NU
(for example, =1.E-10) should be defined.
4. The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation
with λi being the ith principal stretch, J = λ1 * λ2 * λ3 being the relative volume and
5. The Bulk Modulus K is:
If NU = 0, then

1
is modified to respect
If NU = 0 and D1 = 0, then u = 0.475.

6. The ground shear modulus is

MBACT
Bulk Data Entry
MBACT – Activate an Entity/set in the Multi-body System
Description
Defines the entity/set that needs to be activated in the multi-body system for the
subsequent simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBAC T ID ETYPE ID1 ID2 ID3 …
or
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBAC T ID ETYPE IDST THRU IDEND
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBAC T ID MOTION 92
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
ETYPE Entity type that needs to be activated.
(Option – "CMBEAM", "CMBUSH", "CMSPDP", "JOINT", "MLOAD", or "MOTION")

Field Contents
ID1, ID2, … Entity/Set IDs that need to be activated.
(Integer > 0)
IDST Entity/Set ID range start.
(Integer > 0)
THRU Keyword to indicate entity/set ID range is specified.
IDEND Entity/Set ID range end.
(Integer > IDST)
Comments

MBCNTDS
Bulk Data Entry
MBCNTDS – Multi-body Contact with Deformable Surface
Description
Defines a Multi-body Contact between a set of nodes and a deformable surface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC NTDS C ID SID SRFID C NFTYPE STIFF DAMP RADIUS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC NTD 2 21 4 LINEAR 1E6 10 .1

S
Field Contents
CID Contact identification number.
SID1 Set identification number of a set of nodes.
SRFID Multi-body deformable surface (MBDSRF) identification number.
CNFTYPE Contact Normal Force Type. Select from LINEAR and POISSON.
No default (CHARACTER: LINEAR, POISSON)
STIFF For CNFTYPE=LINEAR, this parameter specifies the interface stiffness

coefficient.
For CNFTYPE=POISSON, this parameter specifies the penalty parameter

Field Contents
which is related to the stiffness RJTODO.
DAMP For CNFTYPE=LINEAR, this parameter specifies the interface damping.
For CNFTYPE=POISSON, this parameter specifies the coefficient of restitution

value for the contact.
Default = 1.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
RADIUS Radius of the sphere geometry centered at the origin of the I marker.
Comments

MBCNTR
Bulk Data Entry
MBCNTR – Multi-body Contact of Type Rigid to Rigid
Description
Defines a Multi-body Contact between rigid bodies.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC NTR C ID SID1 SID2 C NFTYPE PENAL C OR MUSTAT MUDYN
C FFTYPE STVEL FTVEL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC NTR 2 4 7 POISSON 1E6 .5 .7 .3
C OUL .1 .8
Field Contents
CID Contact identification number.
SID1 Set identification number for a set of elements.
SID2 Set identification number for a set of elements.
CNFTYPE Contact normal force type.
Default = POISSON
PENAL Penalty factor.

Field Contents
COR Coefficient of restitution.
Default = 1.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
MUSTAT Coefficient of static friction.
MUDYN Coefficient of dynamic friction.
CFFTYPE Contact friction force type
Default = (COUL, NONE, DYNA)
STVEL Stiction transition velocity. Defines the slip velocity at which the static
coefficient of friction MUSTAT is applied.
FTVEL Friction transition velocity. Defines the slip velocity at which the
dynamic coefficient of friction MUDYN is applied.
Comments

MBCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBCRV – XY Curve Definition
Description
Specifies the data used to define a curve.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC RV C VID LINEAR
X1 Y1 X2 Y2 … … Xn Yn
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC RV 399
1.0 1.1 2.0 0.0 3.0 14.2 4.0 19.9
5.0 12.1
Field Contents
CVID Curve identification number.
LINEAR If the LINEAR keyword is specified, linear extrapolation is used to

determine the curve data when the independent coordinate goes out of
the range specified on the Xi fields.
If this field is blank, no extrapolation is applied and an ERROR is output

when the independent coordinate goes out of range.

Field Contents
Default = blank
X1, X2, X3, …, Independent curve data.

Xn
No default (Real, X1 < X2 < X3 < …)
Y1, Y2, Y3, …, Dependent curve data.

Yn
No default (Real)
Comments
1. This card is represented as a curve in HyperMesh.

MBCVCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBCVCV – Multi-body Curve to Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Curve to Curve Constraint.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC VC V JID blank PC ID1 G3 V1
blank blank PC ID2 G4 V2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBC VC V 1 1 0 0
2 0 1
Field Contents
PCID1 Parametric curve (MBPCRV) identification number.
PCID2 Parametric curve (MBPCRV) identification number.
G3 This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the first
curve.

Field Contents
Although this parameter is optional, specifying it helps the solver in

determining the initial contact point.
V1 Specifies the sliding velocity of the contact point relative to the part on
which the curve is etched. V1 is positive when contact point is moving
toward the start of the curve and vice-versa.
G4 This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the second
curve.
Although this parameter is optional, specifying it helps the solver in

determining the initial contact point.
V2 Specifies the sliding velocity of the contact point relative to the part on
which the curve is etched. V2 is positive when contact point is moving
toward the start of the curve and vice-versa.

MBDCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBDCRV – Multi-body Deformable Curve
Description
Defines an ordered list of grids as a Multi-body Deformable Curve.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDC RV ENDTYPE ENDTYPE LAMBDA

DC ID LAMBDAL NSEG
L R R
G1 G2 G3 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDC RV NATURA C ANTILEVE

1 0.5 100 5
L R
201 202 203 204 205
Field Contents
DCID Curve identification number.
ENDTYPEL Select from NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER. See comment
1.
Default = NATURAL
LAMBDAL This parameter is only applicable for CANTILEVER type end condition. It should
be left blank for other end conditions.
A real valued parameter in the interval [0,1] that controls the left end
condition for CUBIC spline interpolation. A value of 0 implies NATURAL end
condition while a value of 1 implies PARABOLIC end condition.

Field Contents
Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
ENDTYPER Select from: NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER. See comment
1.
Default = NATURAL
LAMBDAR This parameter is only applicable for CANTILEVER type end condition. It should
be left blank for other end conditions.
A real valued parameter in the interval [0,1] that controls the left end
condition for CUBIC spline interpolation. A value of 0 implies NATURAL end
condition while a value of 1 implies PARABOLIC end condition.
Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
NSEG Number of segments used to visualize the deformable curve in animation.
G1, G2, G3, Ordered list of grid IDs defining the curve.
…
Comments
1. The deformable curve is generated using the CUBIC spline interpolation which requires
assumptions on the second derivative of the interpolating function at either end of the
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the
four standard assumptions defined as follows:
Note that λ =0.0 implies NATURAL (or free) end conditions and λ =1.0 implies PARABOLIC
end conditions.
2. This card is represented as a set in HyperMesh.

MBDEACT
Bulk Data Entry
MBDEACT – Deactivate an Entity/set in the Multi-body System
Description
Defines the entity/set that needs to be deactivated in the multi-body system for the
subsequent simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDEAC T ID ETYPE ID1 ID2 ID3 …
or
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDEAC T ID ETYPE IDST THRU IDEND
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDEAC T ID MOTION 92 94 199
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
ETYPE Entity type that needs to be deactivated.
(Option – "CMBEAM", "CMBUSH", "CMSPDP2", "JOINT", "MLOAD", or

"MOTION")

Field Contents
ID1, ID2, … Entity/Set ID that needs to be deactivated.
(Integer > 0)
IDST Entity/Set ID range start.
(Integer > 0)
THRU Keyword to indicate entity/set ID range is specified.
IDEND Entity/Set ID range end.
(Integer > IDST)
Comments

MBDSRF
Bulk Data Entry
MBDSRF – Multi-body Deformable Surface
Description
Defines a multi-body deformable surface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDSRF SRFID NROW NC OL ENDTYPE NSEGU NSEGV
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBDSRF 1 3 6 NATURAL 100 100
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 206
209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
217 218
Field Contents
SRFID Surface identification number.
NROW Number of rows of nodes.
NCOL Number of columns of nodes.
ENDTYPE Select from: NATURAL, PARABOLIC and PERIODIC. See comment 1.

Field Contents
Default = NATURAL
NSEGU, NSEGV Number of segments along the U and V coordinates used to discretize the
deformable surface for animation purposes.
G1, G2, … Row-wise list of nodes. The first NROW IDs form the first row; the second
NROW IDs form the second row, and so on. The list must contain a total of
NROW*NCOL grid IDs.
Comments
1. The deformable surface is generated using the CUBIC spline interpolation which requires
assumptions on the second derivative of the interpolating function at the end of the
surface. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC and PERIODIC represent assumptions defined
as follows:
2. The MBDSRF element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3. The MBDSRF element does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping.

MBFRC
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRC – Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC SID G1 C ID F G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC 3 345 100.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
201
Field Contents
G1 Grid point identification number where the action force is applied.
CID Coordinate system identification number. Blank or 0 infer the basic

coordinate system.

Field Contents
F Force magnitude.
No default (Real)
G3 Grid point identification number to optionally supply N1, N2, N3 in

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3 Defines the direction of the force vector. At least one of the vector
components must be non-zero.
G2 Grid point identification number where the reaction force is applied. If

blank, then the force is an action-only force.
G4 Grid point identification number whose parent body hosts the coordinate
system with respect to which the force is defined. The force vector
changes direction with the orientation of the body. See comment 1.
Comments
1. If G4 is not specified, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the
basic coordinate systems).

MBFRCC
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRCC – Curve Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC C SID G1 C ID C VID G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
INT EID G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC C 3 345 9 0.0 1.0 0.0
AKIMA 41 201
Field Contents

coordinate system.

Field Contents
CVID Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the load vs.
independent variable measured in the coordinate system defined by
CID.
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)

blank or zero, then the force is an action-only force.
INT Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = AKIMA
EID Set identification number of the MBVAR for the independent variable
expression.
Default = TIME (Integer > 0 or blank)
Comments
1. If G4 is undefined, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the basic
coordinate systems).

MBFRCE
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRCE – Expression Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC E SID G1 C ID EID G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBFRC E 3 345 49 0.0 1.0 0.0
201
Field Contents

coordinate system.

Field Contents
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the load
measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.

(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. If G4 is undefined, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the basic
coordinate systems).

MBLIN
Bulk Data Entry
MBLIN – Parameters for Multi-body System Linear Analysis
Description
Defines the parameters for a multi-body system linear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBLIN ID TYPE ASC ALE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBLIN 99 EIGEN 1.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Type of linear analysis.
(Option – "EIGEN", "STMAT")
ASCALE Animation scale.
Comments

MBMNT
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNT – Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNT SID G1 C ID M G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNT 3 345 100.0 0.0 1.0 0.0
Field Contents

coordinate system.
M Moment magnitude.
No default (Real)

Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
N1,N2,N3 Defines the direction of the force vector. At least one of the vector

Comments
1. This card is represented as a moment load in HyperMesh.

MBMNTC
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNTC – Curve moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNTC SID G1 C ID C VID G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
INT EID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNTC 3 345 4 0.0 1.0 0.0
AKIMA 42
Field Contents

coordinate system.

Field Contents
CID.
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)
N1,N2,N3 Defines the direction of the force vector. At least one of the vector

INT Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA)
Default = AKIMA
expression.
Comments

MBMNTE
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNTE – Expression Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNTE SID G1 C ID EID G3/N1 N2 N3 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBMNT 3 345 4 0.0 1.0 0.0
Field Contents

coordinate system.
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the load
measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.

Field Contents

(Integer > 0)


MBPCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPCRV – Multi-body Parametric Curve
Description
Defines a Multi-body Parametric Curve using node sets.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPC RV PC ID UC LOSE C RVPTS

D
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPC RV 1 1 0 1 5
201 202 203 204 205
Field Contents
PCID Parametric curve identification number.
UCLOSED Specify 1 for closed and 0 for open curves.
CRVPTS Curve points. Specify 1 if the curve must pass through the nodes, and 0 if
the B-spline curve does not pass through the nodes, but stays close.
Default = 0 (BOOLEAN: 0,1)
G1,G2,… Ordered list of grids defining the curve.
Comments


MBPTCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTCV – Multi-body Point to Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Parametric Curve Constraint.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTC V JID GID PC ID G3 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTC V 1 21 2 25 0
Field Contents
GID Grid identification number corresponding to the point which is sliding on

a curve.
PCID Parametric curve (MBPCRV) identification number.
G3 This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the curve.
Default is GID (Integer > 0)
V0 Specifies the initial sliding velocity of the contact point, as measured by

an observer on the curve, placed at the contact point.

MBPTDCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTDCV – Multi-body Point to Deformable Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Deformable Curve Constraint.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTDC V JID GID DC ID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTDC V 1 21 2
Field Contents

the deformable curve.
DCID Deformable curve (MBDCRV) identification number.
Comments
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the
four standard assumptions defined as follows:

end conditions.
2. The MBPTDCV element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3. In most cases, the interpolation produces a smooth curve but in some cases, it produces
a curve that wiggles too much. In those cases, the TENSION parameter may be specified
to smooth out the wiggles in the curve. A TENSION value of unity is a good first guess.
After that, higher values of TENSION may be tried if necessary.
4. The deformable element itself does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping
properties. You must include other modeling elements to capture those effects.

MBPTDSF
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTDSF – Multi-body Dynamics Point to Deformable Surface Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Deformable Surface Constraint.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTDSF JID GID SRFID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBPTDSF 1 21 2
Field Contents

a curve.
SRFID Deformable surface identification number
Comments
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the four
standard assumptions defined as follows:

end conditions.
2. The MBPTDCV element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3. In most cases, the interpolation produces a smooth curve but in some cases, it produces
a curve that wiggles too much. In those cases, the UTENSION and VTENSION parameters
may be specified to smooth out the wiggles in the curve. A value of unity is a good first
guess. After that, higher values may be tried if necessary.
4. The deformable surface itself does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping
properties. You must include other modeling elements to capture those effects. For
example, you may use a deformable surface in conjunction with a flexible body to simulate
contact with a rigid body.

MBREQ
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQ – Multi-body Request Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a combination of request sets defined via MBREQE and MBREQM.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQ SID R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7
R8 R9 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQ 3 31 34 35
Field Contents
SID Request set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
Ri Request set identification numbers defined via entry typed

enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The Ri must be unique.
2. Request sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (REQUEST = SID) if
they are to be applied.

MBREQE
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQE – Multi-body Expression Output Request
Description
Defines a multi-body solver output request to output the results of a set of expressions.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQE RSID RID E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQE 235 10 20 30 40
Field Contents
RSID Request set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RID Request identification number.
(Integer > 0)
E1 ID of MBVAR.
(Integer > 0)
E2 … E6 Additional MBVAR IDs.
Default = blank (blank or Integer > 0)

Comments
1. The request evaluates the expression at every output step.
2. The values are always set to 0 if the expression is not specified.
3. Request set will be specified in the subcase definition.
4. Request ID must be unique with respect to all other MBREQM and MBREQE cards.

MBREQM
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQM – Multi-body Output Request based on Markers
Description
Defines a multi-body solver output request to output displacement, velocity, acceleration, or

force with respect to markers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQM RSID RID TYPE IMARK JMARK RMARK
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBREQM 20 234 DISP 20 30 10
Field Contents
RSID Request set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
RID Request identification number.
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Output type
DIS - Displacement request

VEL - Velocity request
ACC - Acceleration request
FRC - Force request
No default

Field Contents
IMARK Marker ID.
(Integer > 0) – See comment 1
JMARK Marker ID.
Default = blank; (blank or Integer > 0) – See comments 1 and 2
RMARK Reference marker ID.
Default = blank; (blank or Integer > 0) – See comment 3
Comments
1. The output request is usually of IMARK with respect to JMARK resolved in RMARK.
2. If the JMARK is not specified, the results are with respect to global frame.
3. If the RMARK is not specified, the results are resolved in the global frame.
4. Request set will be specified in the subcase definition.
5. Request ID must be unique with respect to all other MBREQM and MBREQE cards.

MBSEQ
Bulk Data Entry
MBSEQ – Multi-body System Simulation Sequence
Description
Defines the simulation sequence for the multi-body solver.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSEQ ID SID1 SID2 SID3 … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSEQ 9 99 12 43
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
SID1, SID2, … IDs of the simulation sequence.
(Integer > 0) (Valid IDs are: MBSIM, MBLIN, MBSIMP, MBACT, or

MBDEACT)
Comments
1. Every time an MBSIM card is encountered, a simulation is performed on the multi-body

model. The initial condition for the next MBSIM will be the ending condition of the current
simulation.

MBSFRC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRC – Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC SID G1 G2 F
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC 3 345 346 1.0
Field Contents
F Value of load
(Real)

Comments
1. MBSFRC applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by
the line segment connecting G1 and G2.
2. The action force is applied to G1 and the reaction force is applied to G2.
3. Tensile force is positive.

MBSFRCC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRCC – Curve Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC C SID G1 G2 C VID INT EID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC C 3 345 346 1 AKIMA 1
Field Contents
CID.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
Default = AKIMA
expression.
Comments
1. MBSFRCC applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by

MBSFRCE
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRCE – Expression Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC E SID G1 G2 EID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSFRC E 3 345 346 1
Field Contents
No default (Integer > 0
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry.

Comments
1. MBSFRCE applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by

MBSIM
Bulk Data Entry
MBSIM – Parameters for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines the parameters for a multi-body simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIM ID TYPE TTYPE TIME STYPE DELTA/

NSTEP/
PRINC R
ITYPE DTOL H0 HMAX HMIN VTOLFAC MAXODR
DAEIDX DC NTOL DC RMXI DC RMNI DVC TRL DJAC EVL DEVLEXP

T T
or
KETOL/ DQTOL/ NITER TLIMIT ALIMIT STTYPE

RESTOL FITOL
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIM 99 TRAN END 5.0 NSTEPS 250
VSTIFF 0.001 0.001 0.01 1000.0 5
Example 2

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIM 99 TRAN END 5.0 NSTEPS 250
DSTIFF 0.001 0.001 1000.0 9
3 4 TRUE
Example 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIM 91 STAT
1.0e-6 0.0001 100
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Simulation type.
Options = ("TRANS", "STATIC")
No default
TTYPE Termination type.
Options = ("END", "DUR") – See comment 2.
No default
TIME Termination time or duration based on TTYPE.
(Real > 0.0) – See comment 2.
STYPE Output step type.

Field Contents
Options = ("DELTA", "NSTEPS", "PRINCR") – See comments 2 and 3.
No default
DELTA Output time step.
(Real > 0.0) – See comments 2 and 3.
NSTEPS Maximum number of time steps.
(Integer > 0) – See comments 2 and 3.
ITYPE Integrator type.
Options = ("ABAM", "VSTIFF", "MSTIFF", "DSTIFF") – See comment 4.
Default = DSTIFF
DTOL Integrator tolerance.
Default = 0.001 (Real > 0.0) – See comment 4.
H0 Initial time step for the integrator.
Default = 1e-8 (Real > 0.0) – See comment 4.
HMAX Max step size the integrator is allowed to take.
HMIN Min step size the integrator is allowed to take.
Default = 1.0e-6 (Real > 0.0) – See comment 4.
VTOLFAC A factor that multiplies DTOL to yield the error tolerance for velocity
states.
Default = 1000 (Real > 0.0) – See comment 4.
MAXODR The maximum order that the integrator is to take.
Default depends on ITYPE (Integer > 0) – See comment 4.

Field Contents
DAEIDX The index of the DAE formulation.
Default = 3 (Integer > 0) – See comment 4.
DCNTOL A tolerance on all algebraic constraint equations that the corrector

must satisfy at convergence.
DCRMXIT The maximum number of iterations that the corrector is allowed to

take to achieve convergence.
DCRMNIT The minimum number of iterations that the corrector is allowed to take
before it checks for corrector divergence.
DVCTRL A logical flag that controls whether the velocity states are checked
for local integration error at each step.
(True or False, Default = True if DAEIDX is 3, otherwise False) – See

comment 4.
DJCEVL An attribute to control the frequency of evaluation of the Jacobian

matrix during corrector iterations.
Default is determined by MotionSolve (Integer > 0) – See comment 4.
DEVLXP The number of integration steps after which the evaluation pattern
defined by DJCEVL is ignored, and the default evaluation pattern is to
be used.
KETOL Maximum residual kinetic energy tolerance.
RESTOL Maximum residual tolerance for force imbalance method.

Field Contents
DQTOL Maximum coordinate difference tolerance.
FITOL Maximum force imbalance tolerance.
NITER Max number of iterations for static solution to converge.
TLIMIT Max translational limit for force imbalance static solution.
Default = 10000 (Real > 1) – See comment 6.
ALIMIT Max angular limit for force imbalance static solution.
Default = 30 (Real > 1) – See comment 6.
STTYPE Static solver type
Options = ("FIM", "MKM") – See comments 7 and 8.
Default = MKM
Comments
1. The continuation card is used to distinguish between either a TRANS or STAT simulation
type. The reader will look for appropriate options based on the type of simulation
specified.
2. When the simulation type is static (STAT), the solver will perform a static simulation if the
termination type, termination time/duration, step type, delta/nsteps are not provided. A
quasi-static simulation will be performed if that information is provided.
3. If the output step type is DELTA, then the next argument is expected to be a positive
real value, and it is the output step time during the simulation run. If the step type is
NSTEPS, then the next argument is expected to be a positive integer value which will be
the number of output steps during the simulation. If the step type is PRINCR, then the
next argument is expected to be a positive integer value which will be print increment.
Solver will output at every intermediate print increment value. If the PRINCR is set to 1,
then the solver will output intermediate results at every integrator step.
4. ITYPE, DTOL, H0, HMAX, HMIN, VTOLFAC, MAXODR, DAEIDX, DCNTOL, DCRMXIT,
DCRMNIT, DVCTRL, DJACEVL, and DEVLEXP are only applicable for TRANS simulation types.
The 2nd continuation card (DAEIDX, DCNTOL, DCRMXIT, DCRMNIT, DVCTRL, DJACEVL,

and DEVLEXP) are available when ITYPE = DSTIFF. See the comments in the
Param_Transient in the online help for more details.
5. KETOL, DQTOL, NITER are only applicable for STATIC simulation type.
6. RESTOL, FITOL, NITER, TLIMIT, ALIMIT are applicable for the force imbalance static
method used for quasi-static solutions.
7. Static solver type is used to select from the two static solution types currently offered.
FIM represents the Force Imbalance Method and MKM represents the Maximum Kinetic
Energy Attrition Method.
8. Note that when quasi-static simulation is requested (STAT with termination time), then
the STTYPE option is ignored and the quasi-static simulation will be performed using the
force imbalance method.

MBSIMP
Bulk Data Entry
MBSIMP – Simulation Parameters for Subsequent Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines the simulation parameters for subsequent multi-body simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIMP ID C TOL IDTOL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSIMP 99 0.001 1.0E-8
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
CTOL Constraint tolerance.
Default = 1.0E-10 (Real > 0.0)
IDTOL Implicit differentiation tolerance.
Comments

MBSMNT
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNT – Scalar Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant scalar moment on two gird points along the specified vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNT SID G1 G2 T G3/Vx Vy Vz
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNT 3 345 346 1.0 0 1.0 1.0
Field Contents
T Value of moment.
(Real)

Field Contents
G3 Grid point identification number to optionally supply Vx, Vy, and Vz in

(Integer > 0)
Vx X component of vector V.
Vy Y component of vector V.
Vz Z component of vector V.
Comments
1. MBSMNT applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.
2. The action moment is applied to G1 and the reaction moment is applied to G2.
3. Right hand rule defines the positive moment.

MBSMNTC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNTC – Curve Scalar Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve scalar moment on two grid points along the specified vector.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNTC SID G1 G2 C VID G3/Vx Vy Vz
INT EID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNTC 3 345 346 2 0 1.0 1.0
AKIMA 1
Field Contents

Field Contents
independent variable measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.
(Integer > 0)

(Integer > 0)
Vx X component of vector V.
Vy Y component of vector V.
Vz Z component of vector V.
INT Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA)
Default = AKIMA
expression.
Comments
1. MBSCMTC applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.

MBSMNTE
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNTE– Expression Moment for a Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression scalar moment on two grid points along the specified vector
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNTE SID G1 G2 EID Vx Vy Vz
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBSMNTE 3 345 346 2 0 1.0 1.0
Field Contents
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry.

Field Contents

(Integer > 0)
Vx X component of Vector V.
Vy Y component of Vector V.
Vz Z component of Vector V.
Comments
1. MBSMNTE applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.

MBVAR
Bulk Data Entry
MBVAR– Multi-body Solver Variable
Description
Defines a multi-body solver variable which can be referred to by multiple Expressions.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBVAR VID EXPR
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MBVAR 3 IMPAC T(Dz(30301020,30302040),VZ(30301020,30302040),0.0,4
00,1.0,0.5,0.000)
Field Contents
VID Variable identification number.
(Integer > 0)
EXPR Character string expression. The expression can spawn multiple lines. The
continuation lines will start from the second column. Refer to Function
Expressions.
Comments
1. The variable ID can be referenced by VARVAL(VID) in multiple expressions in the model.

METADATA
Bulk Data Entry
METADATA – Indicates the beginning of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata

output file.
Description
METADATA indicates the beginning of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output
file. Metadata between the METADATA and ENDMETADATA commands is passed to the
<filename>_metadata.xml file.
Example
METADATA
This line will be passed to the filename_metadata.xml file.
So will this information: Color=blue
ENDMETADATA
Comments
1. There can be two sections of metadata; one in the Solution Control section and one in
the Bulk Data section.
2. Metadata can be used to pass information from the pre-processor seamlessly through the
solver to a post-processing program.

MFLUID
Bulk Data Entry
MFLUID – Fluid Volume
Description
Defines the parameters and damp shell elements for a fluid volume.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MFLUID SID C ID ZFS RHO WSURF1 WSURF2 PLANE1 PLANE2
RMAX
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MFLUID 25 32.0 42.0 45
Field Contents
SID Unique set of identification numbers.
CID Coordinate system identification number in which its z-axis is assumed to

be normal to the free surface.
ZFS Location of the free surface on the z-axis of the CID coordinate system.
RHO Fluid density.

Field Contents
WSURF1 Set identification number of a SURF or SET bulk data entry. This list
identifies shell elements that are damp on only one side of the element or
an exterior face of solid elements (see SURF,ELFACE).
WSURF2 Set identification number of a SURF or SET bulk data entry. This list
identifies shell elements that are damp on both sides of the element.
PLANE1 Type of symmetry on x-z plane of fluid coordinate system (CID).
N - no symmetry
S - symmetric
A - antisymmetric
Default = N (Character = N, S, A)
PLANE2 Type of symmetry on y-z plane of fluid coordinate system (CID).
N - no symmetry
S - symmetric
A - antisymmetric
Default = N (Character = N, S, A)
RMAX Interaction between two elements is ignored, if the distance between

them is greater than RMAX.
Default = 1010 (Real > 0.0)
Comments
1. An MFLUID entry must be selected by the MFLUID = SID command in the Subcase
Information section.
2. More than one MFLUID entry may be specified to define multiple fluid volumes.
3. Either WSURF1 or WSURF2, or both must be specified and non-zero. In other words,
WSURF1 and WSURF2 cannot be both blank or zero.
4. An element with all its vertices located on or above the free surface will be ignored in the
fluid volume’s mass calculation. An element vertex is considered to be located on the free
surface, if the vertex is located within a distance that is

from the free surface.
5. By default for elements referenced by WSURF1, the damp side of the element is assumed
to be on the same side as the element’s normal. If this condition is not true for a given
element, then the standard SURF entry format with “ELFACE” (not the alternative SET
format) must be used to redefine the normal into the fluid by setting NORMAL=1 on SURF
entry.
6. ELIST is an alternative to SET and SURF, but ELIST is intended only to provide
compatibility with Nastran decks and therefore is considered deprecated. Also,
The SURF and SET entries may not be combined with ELIST entries to define damp
elements.
ELIST entries are internally converted to SET entries. If ELIST is used, then all MFLUID
entries must reference ELIST entries. This means that if an MFLUID references a
missing ELIST,25, then the program will not search for a SET,25.
7. Planes of symmetry may be defined with PLANE1 and PLANE2.
"S” means zero displacement normal to the plane.

“A” means zero pressure normal to the plane.
Consistent structural boundary conditions should be applied to grids located on the
planes of symmetry.
If PLANE1 is “S” or “A”, then all damp elements must not cross the X-Z plane and be
on the same side of the X-Z plane as all other damp elements.
If PLANE2 is “S” or “A”, then all damp elements must not cross the Y-Z plane and be
on the same side of the Y-Z plane as all other damp elements.
8. Dry mode output in the .out file is available only when PARAM,VMOPT,2 is specified.

MGASK
Bulk Data Entry
MGASK – Gasket Material Property Definition
Description
Defining the material properties for gasket-like materials.
Format 1 (no temperature dependency)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MGASK MID BEHAV YPRS EPL GPL ALPHA EPLTYPE GPLUNIT
TABLD TABLU1 TABLU2 TABLU3 TABLU4 TABLU5 TABLU6 TABLU7
TABLU8
Format 2 (temperature dependency defined)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MGASK MID BEHAV YPRS EPL GPL ALPHA EPLTYPE GPLUNIT
TABLU8 TABLU9 -etc.-
"T" TEMP1
"PLUS" YPRS EPL GPL ALPHA
TABLU8 TABLU9 -etc.-
"T" TEMP2
-etc.-

Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MGASK 2 1 1.0e-3 200.0 1.0e-5
1001 1002 1003 1004
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MGASK 2 1 1.0e-3 200.0 1.0e-5
1001 1002 1003 1004
T 20.0
PLUS
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
T 100.0
PLUS
3001 3002 3003
T 300.0
Field Contents

Field Contents
BEHAV Behavior type. See comment 12.
Default = 0 (Integer (0 or 1 only))
0 – elasto-plastic material
1 – elastic material with damage
YPRS Initial yield pressure for the thickness direction of the gasket material.
Applies only to elasto-plastic behavior (BEHAV=0).
If blank, it is determined automatically.
For the groups of data starting with “PLUS”, default is the corresponding
field value defined at the first line.
EPL Tension stabilization coefficient or direct tensile modulus (depends on the

value of the EPLTYPE field) for the thickness direction of the gasket
material. See comment 5.
GPL Transverse shear modulus of the gasket material (the unit of measure
depends on the value of the GPLUNIT field).
ALPHA Coefficient of thermal expansion in the normal direction.
EPLTYPE Type of definition of EPL. See comment 12.
0 – EPL is defined as a tension stabilization coefficient

1 – EPL is defined as a direct tensile modulus
GPLUNIT Type of the unit of measure of GPL. See comment 12.

Field Contents
0 – stress per unit displacement

1 – force per unit area
TABLD Identifier of a TABLES1 table providing loading path of the gasket material
(pressure vs. closure).
TABLUi Identifier of TABLES1 table providing unloading/reloading path of the

gasket material (pressure vs. closure). If there is no unloading, leave the
fields blank.
T Temperature flag indicating that a temperature value will be defined in the

next field.
TEMPj Temperature for the group of data above. See comment 11.
No default (Real)
PLUS Keyword indicating that the following is a group of data defined at another
temperature. See comment 12.
Comments
1. The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT8,
MAT9 and MGASK entries.
2. MGASK mainly defines nonlinear properties in the thickness direction for gasket-like
materials under compression. MGASK has anisotropy only in the thickness direction, which
is called normal anisotropy. For linear analysis, the thickness-direction modulus (stress
per unit displacement) is defined by the slope of the first segment of the loading
pressure-closure curve TABLD.
3. MGASK also defines the transverse shear and thickness-direction tension behaviors with
linear properties. (The membrane properties of the gasket are defined by a MAT1,
referenced from the PGASK property.)
4. The thickness direction of gasket material is the principal direction (local 3-direction) in
3D solids.
5. If EPL is defined as a tension stabilization coefficient (EPLTYPE = 0), the tensile modulus
will be calculated as the initial slope of the first segment of the loading curve TABLD
multiplied by EPL. If EPL is defined as a direct tensile modulus (EPLTYPE = 1), its unit of
measure is stress per unit displacement. If EPL is zero, a small tensile modulus will be used
automatically for stabilization (no matter EPLTYPE is 0 or 1).
6. All the data points in tables TABLD and TABLUi are specified in the first quadrant. Points

on loading (TABLD) and unloading/reloading (TABLUi) paths must be defined in order of
increasing pressure and distance.
7. For elasto-plastic material (BEHAV = 0),
The initial yield pressure should match a point in table TABLD. If the initial yield
pressure is not specified, it will be determined automatically by finding the first point on
the TABLD curve where the slope changes by more than 10%.
The loading path starts from the origin to initial yield pressure (nonlinear elastic range)
and continues with strain hardening slope into the plastic region.
All unloading/reloading paths must start with zero pressure and positive closure
distance, and end at the loading path in the plastic region. Subsequent unloading/
reloading curves must start with larger closure distances (when pressure is zero) and
end with larger closure distances than previous unloading/reloading curves.
8. For elastic material with damage (BEHAV = 1),
All loading and unloading/reloading curves must start at the origin of the coordinate
system (0, 0).
All unloading/reloading paths must end at the loading path. Subsequent unloading/
reloading curves must end with larger closure distances than previous unloading/
reloading curves.
9. Unloading/reloading behavior at undefined paths will be interpolated between two
adjacent unloading/reloading paths.
10. For closures larger than the last user-specified closure, the pressure-closure relationship
is calculated as follows:
For elasto-plastic material (BEHAV = 0), it follows the last segment of the furthest
unloading/reloading curve. This behavior is fully elastic and represents crushed gasket.
For elastic material with damage (BEHAV = 1), it follows last slope computed from the
user-specified data.

Elasto-plastic gasket material
Elastic gasket material with damage
11. If temperature dependency is defined, TEMPj should be provided in ascending order and
the loading path (and unloading/reloading paths, if required) should be provided for each

temperature. If temperature dependency is defined but the temperature field for material
property is not provided, the first group of data will be used to calculate the material
property. TEMPj are defined for all MGASK data fields (data groups) that lie between the
respective TEMPj and its previous PLUS field. TEMP1 is an exception to this rule as it is
defined for all data fields that lie between itself and MID.
Example
12. BEHAV, EPLTYPE and GPLUNIT fields after any “PLUS” field should remain blank because
their values are always the same as those of the first-group data.

MLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
MLOAD – Multi-body Load Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a linear combination of load sets defined via GRAV, MBFRC, MBFRCC,
MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC, MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC, and
MBSMNTE.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MLOAD SID L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7
L8 L9 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MLOAD 3 31 34 35
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Li Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The Li must be unique.
2. Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (MLOAD = SID) if they are
to be applied.

3. An MLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another MLOAD
entry.

MOMENT
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT – Static Moment
Description
Defines a static moment at a grid point by specifying a vector. It can also be used to define
the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2
bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT SID G C ID M N1 N2 N3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT 2 5 6 2.9 0.0 1.0 0.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
M Scale factor.

Field Contents
(Real)
N1,N2,N3 Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID.
(Real; at least one non-zero component)
Comments
1. The static moment applied to grid point G is given by
where, is the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
references” on MOMENT entries in the model. A fully qualified reference

MOMENT1
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT1 – Static Moment, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines a static moment by specification of a value and two grid points, which determine the
direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in
RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT1 SID G M G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT1 6 13 -2.93 16 13
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
M Value of moment.
(Real)

Comments
1. The static moment applied to grid point G is
where, is a unit vector parallel to a vector from G1 to G2.

MOMENT2
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT2 – Static Moment, Alternate Form 2
Description
Defines a static moment by specification of a value and four grid points, which determine the
direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT2 SID G M G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOMENT2 6 13 -2.93 16 13 18 19
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G Loaded grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
M Value of moment.
(Real)
(Integer > 0; G1 and G2 cannot coincident; G3 and G4 cannot be

coincident)

Comments
1. The static moment applied to grid point G is
where, is a unit vector parallel to a vector calculated from the cross product of the
vectors from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.

MOTION
Bulk Data Entry
MOTION – Multi-body Motion Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a combination of motion sets defined via MOTNJ, MOTNJC, MOTNJE,
MOTNG, MOTNGC, and MOTNGE.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTION SID M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
M8 M9 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTION 3 31 34 35
Field Contents
SID Motion set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
Mi Motion set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated

above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. The Mi must be unique.
2. Motion sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (MOTION=SID) if they
are to be applied.


MOTNG
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNG – Constant Grid Point Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant grid point motion.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNG SID G1 C1 G2 D D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNG 3 345 3 1.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
C1 Component number (Integer 1 through 18). The component refers to the

direction and type of motion of the grid point G1 in the Basic Coordinate
System (not the Local Coordinate System).
G2 Grid point identification number to define relative motion.
D Scale factor.

(Real)
D0 Initial displacement if motion data is of type velocity or acceleration,

ignored otherwise.
V0 Initial velocity if motion data type is acceleration, ignored otherwise.
Comments
1. If G1 and G2 are defined, the motion is a relative motion between the two grid points; if
G2 is blank, absolute motion of G1 is defined.
2. The types and directions of motion for the component numbers are given in the following
table.
Component Number(s) Type of Motion Direction(s) of Motion
1, 2, and 3 Displacement X, Y, Z
4, 5, and 6 Rotation X, Y, Z
7, 8, and 9 Translational Velocity X, Y, Z
10, 11, and 12 Angular Velocity X, Y, Z
13, 14, and 15 Translational Acceleration X, Y, Z
16, 17, and 18 Angular Acceleration X, Y, Z
The component numbers and directions of motion are in the format: 1->X, 2->Y and 3->Z
for Displacement and this format is followed for all the types in the table.

MOTNGC
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNGC – Grid Point Motion vs. Time Curve for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a grid point motion vs. time by specifying a curve.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNGC SID G1 C1 G2 C VID INT EID
D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNGC 3 345 3 1 AKIMA 2
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)


Field Contents
CVID Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the motion vs.
time.
(Integer > 0)
Default = AKIMA
expression.

ignored otherwise.
Comments
1. If G1 and G2 are defined, the motion is a relative motion between the two grid points; if
G2 is blank, absolute motion of G1 is defined.
table.

MOTNGE
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNGE – Expression Grid Point Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a grid point motion through an expression.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNGE SID G1 C1 G2 EID D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNGE 3 345 3 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)


Field Contents
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the motion
vs. time.
(Integer > 0)

ignored otherwise.
Comments
table.

MOTNJ
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJ – Constant Joint Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant joint motion.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJ SID JID MTYPE D DTYPE D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJ 3 345 TRANS 1.0 DIS
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
MTYPE TRANS or ROT, ignored for revolute and translational joints.
D Value of motion.
(Real)
DTYPE Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement
motion.

Field Contents

ignored otherwise.
Comments
1. Joint motion can only be applied to cylindrical joints (MTYPE = TRANS or ROT), revolute
joints (MTYPE = ROT), and translational joints (MTYPE = TRANS).

MOTNJC
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJC – Joint Motion vs. Time Curve for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint motion vs. time by specifying a curve.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJC SID JID MTYPE C VID INT EID DTYPE
D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJC 3 345 ROT 2 AKIMA 99
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
JID Grid point identification number.
(Integer > 0)
CVID Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the motion vs.
time.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
Default = AKIMA
expression.
DTYPE Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement motion.

ignored otherwise.
Comments

MOTNJE
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJE – Expression Joint Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint motion through an expression.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJE SID JID MTYPE EID DTYPE D0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MOTNJE 3 345 3 1
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
EID Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the
motion vs. time. If blank or zero, a constant motion of D is applied.
Default = constant motion D (Integer > 0 or blank)
DTYPE Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement

Field Contents
motion.

ignored otherwise.
Comments

MPC
Bulk Data Entry
MPC – Multipoint Constraint
Description
The MPC bulk data entry defines a multipoint constraint equation of the form.
Aj u j 0
j
Where,
Aj
is the coefficient that can be used to define the relationship between the degrees of
freedom associated with grid points (or a scalar point) in the model.
uj
is the degree of freedom associated with a grid point (or a scalar point).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MPC SID G C A G C A blank
blank G C A -etc.- blank
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MPC 3 28 3 6.2 2 2 4.29
1 4 -2.91
Field Contents

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G Identification number of a grid point or a scalar point.
C Component number. See comment 3.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or any one of the digits 1-6 for grid
points)
A Coefficient that can be used to define the relationship between the degrees of
freedom associated with grid points (or a scalar point).
(Real; the first A must be non-zero)
Comments
1. The first coordinate in the sequence is assumed to be the dependent coordinate. A

dependent degree-of-freedom assigned by one MPC entry cannot be assigned dependent
by another MPC entry or by a rigid element.
3. The component refers to the coordinate system referenced by the grid point.
4. Illustrative Example:
Figure 1 can be used to illustrate an MPC application. Independent grid points G1 and G2
of a 2D quad element are connected with the help of an MPC; where Gd is the dependent
grid point. The objective of this example is to force the displacement of Gd to be equal to
the sum of the displacements of grid points G1 and G2 in the X (1) direction using an
MPC.

Figure : MPC Example Illustration
Rewriting the MPC equation for three grid points:
A1u1 A2 u2 A3 u3 0
Substituting A1 = 1.0, A2 = -1.0 and A3 = -1.0 in the equation above:
(1.0)ud ( 1.0)u1 ( 1.0)u2 0
Rearranging equation terms:
ud u1 u2
Where,
ud
is the displacement of grid point Gd in X direction
u1
is the displacement of grid point G1 in X direction
u2
is the displacement of grid point G2 in X direction
references” on MPC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)
is similar to the format of a numeric reference. “PartName” is the name of the part that
contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the BEGIN Bulk Data Entry
in the model). “number” is the identification number of a referenced local entry in the part
“PartName”. See Parts and Instances in the User’s Guide for detailed information on the
use of fully qualified references.
6. This card is represented as an equation in HyperMesh.

MPCADD
Bulk Data Entry
MPCADD – Multipoint Constraint Set Combination
Description
Defines a multipoint constraint set as a union of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC
entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MPC ADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
MPC ADD 101 2 3 1 6 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Sj Set identification numbers of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC

entries.
Comments
1. Multipoint constraint sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command
MPC=SID.
2. The Sj field should not reference the identification number of a multipoint constraint set

defined by another MPCADD entry.
3. MPCADD entries take precedence over MPC entries. If both have the same SID, only the
MPCADD entry will be used.
4. If all Si are non-existent, the solver will exit with an error termination.
references” on MPCADD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference

NLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD – Nonlinear Load Combination or Superposition
Description
Defines a loading condition for nonlinear problems as a linear combination of load sets defined
via NLOAD1.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLOAD SID S S1 L1 S2 L2 S3 L3
S4 L4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLOAD 5 1.0 2.0 101 2.0 102 2.0 103
-2.0 201
Field Contents
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
Si Scale factors.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
Li Load set identification numbers of NLOAD1.
Comments
with NLOAD=SID.
2. The load vector being defined by this entry is given by:
3. Each Li must be unique from any other Li on the same entry.
4. SID must be unique from all NLOAD1 entries.
5. An NLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another NLOAD
entry.

NLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD1 – Time Dependent Load or Motion for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a time-dependent load or enforced motion for use in geometric nonlinear analysis.
f(t) = A * C * F(t/B)
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLOAD1 SID EXC ITEID SENSID TYPE TID B C C ID
TSTART TEND
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLOAD1 5 7 LOAD 13
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
EXCITEID SID number of DAREA, SPCD or static load set that defines A. See
comments 2 and 3.
(Integer > 0)
SENSID Identification number of a sensor. Load application is activated once the

referenced sensor is activated.

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Defines the type of the dynamic excitation. See comments 2 and 3.
Default = 0 (Integer, character or blank)
TID Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining the load history F(t).
(Integer > 0)
TID=0 implies F(t) is a linear function passing through (TTERM-TTERMS, 0)

and (TTERM, 1). TTERMS is the duration of each subcase. TTERM is the
termination time. TID = 0 is only for geometric nonlinear implicit (quasi-)
static analysis (NLGEOM).
B Scale factor of the time in f(t).
C Scale factor for the function value in f(t).
CID Identification number of coordinate system defining a frame in which the

imposed velocity is defined. Applies only for TYPE = 2, V, VE, VEL, or VELO.
Only CORD1R and CORD2R systems are allowed.
TSTART Start time. See comment 4.
TEND End time.
Default = 1030 (Real > TSTART)
Comments
1. Time-dependent load sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command
NLOAD = SID. It can only be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are
defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2. The type of the dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) according to the
following table:

TYPE TYPE of Dynamic Excitation
O, L, LO, LOA, or LOAD Applied load (force, moment, pressure).
(Default)
1, D, DI, DIS, or DISP Enforced displacement using SPC/SPCD data.
2, V, VE, VEL, or VELO Enforced velocity using SPC/SPCD data.
3, A, AC, ACC, or ACCE Enforced acceleration using SPC/SPCD data
3. TYPE (field 5) also determines the manner in which EXCITEID (field 3) is used by the
program as described below.
Excitation specified by TYPE is applied load. The EXCITEID may reference DAREA, or
(and) static load set entries. If EXCITEID references both DAREA and static load set,
the two loads will be super-imposed.
Excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion. The EXCITEID must reference SPCD
entries.
4. TSTART and TEND are only considered for enforced displacement, velocity, and
acceleration. The continuation line is optional.

NLPARM
Bulk Data Entry
NLPARM – Parameters for Nonlinear Static Analysis or Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
The NLPARM bulk data entry defines parameters for nonlinear static analysis or heat transfer
analysis solution control.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARM ID NINC KSTEP MAXITER C ONV
EPSU EPSP EPSW MAXLS LSTOL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARM 99 5
Field Contents
ID Each NLPARM bulk data card must have a unique ID.
NINC Number of implicit load sub-increments (see comments 2 and 3).
Default = 1 (no increments) for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
Default = 10 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Integer > 0)
KSTEP Number of iterations before stiffness update (see comment 3).
Default = 6 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM and BCS solver

Field Contents
Default = 3 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM and PCG solver
(Integer > 0)
MAXITER Limit on number of implicit iterations for each load increment. If reached, the
solution is terminated (ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT).
CONV Flags to select implicit convergence criteria.
Default = UPW for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
Default = PW for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Any combination of U, P and W)
EPSU Error tolerance for displacement (U) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-3 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
Default = 1.0E-2 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Real > 0.0)
EPSP Error tolerance for load (P) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-3 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
(Real > 0.0)
EPSW Error tolerance for work (W) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-7 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
(Real > 0.0)
MAXLS Maximum number of line searches allowed for each iteration.

Field Contents
LSTOL Line search tolerance.
Comments
1. The NLPARM bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command
NLPARM=option. Each subcase for which nonlinear analysis is desired requires an NLPARM
command.
2. The solution method for quasi-static nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLSTAT) is full
Newton. The stiffness matrix is updated at each iteration. NINC > 0 represents the
number of equal subdivisions that the total load in a given subcase will be divided into. If
NINC is blank, the entire load for a given subcase is applied at once. The Newton method
will be applied to consecutive load levels until the final load is reached.
3. Additional control for geometric nonlinear implicit static solution schemes (ANALYSIS =
NLGEOM) can be defined using the NLPARMX bulk data entry. Defaults will be used if
NLPARMX is not present.
4. The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM) is
modified or Quasi-Newton. The frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by
KSTEP. For highly nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better
performance. KSTEP = 1 means full Newton.
If the loading is defined using NLOAD, the termination time TTERM must defined by a
TTERM subcase entry. The initial implicit time step is TTERMS/NINC with TTERMS =
TTERM – T0. All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. In a simulation
with multiple nonlinear subcases, T0 is the end time of the previous load step. If there is
only a single nonlinear subcase, T0 = 0.0.
If the loading is defined using LOAD, TTERM is not mandatory. These loads are treated as
linear ramp-up. If TTERM is defined, the load ramps up from the end time of the previous
subcase to TTERM. If TTERM is absent, it will be determined from the subcase sequence
such that the duration of each subcase TTERMS = 1.0. In this case, the initial time step
is 1.0/NINC.
5. For Nastran compatibility, NLPCI is imported if present. Only the fields ID, TYPE are
interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for NLPARMX, SACC will be reset to RIKS.
TYPE will be translated into CTYPE; all other entries are set to default. A warning will be
issued. NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is recommended to remove
NLPCI and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions.
6. For more information about nonlinear quasi-static analysis, see the Nonlinear Quasi-static
Analysis section.
7. For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, see the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.
8. For more information about nonlinear steady-state heat transfer analysis, see the
Nonlinear Steady-State Heat Transfer Analysis section.


NLPARMX
Bulk Data Entry
NLPARMX – Optional Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Static Analysis Control
Description
Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARMX ID TA0 DTA DTTH NPRINT RFILE
SOLV TSC TRL DTMIN DTMAX LSMETH RREFIF NC YC LE FIXTID/

TOUT
KINER DTSC Q ILIN SMDISP SPRBK
ITW DTSC I LDTN DTSC D LARC C TYP WSC AL
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARM 99
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARM 99
NLPARMX 99 0.1
NEWT ARC 1.e-4 0.1

Example 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPARM 99 3 PW
0.01 0.01 0.01
NLPARMX 99 0.1
NEWT ARC 1.e-4 0.1
NEWM 0.25 0.5
Field Contents
ID Identification number of an associated NLPARM entry.
TA0 Start time for writing animation files.
DTA Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = DTINI (Real > 0)
DTTH Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = 0.1*DTINI (Real > 0)
NPRINT Print every NPRINT iterations. If negative, to .out and standard output; if
positive, only to .out file.
Default = -1 (Integer)
RFILE Cycle frequency to write restart file for nonlinear iteration.

Field Contents
SOLV Geometric nonlinear implicit solution method.
NEWT – Modified Newton
BFGS – BFGS quasi-Newton method
Default = NEWT (Character = NEWT or BFGS)
TSCTRL Time step control.
ARC – Arc-length is used to accelerate and control the convergence. The

time step is determined by displacement norm control (arc-length).
SIMP – Simple time step control.
RIKS – Riks method for post-buckling analysis (only with SOLV = NEWT).
NONE – No time step control. A warning will be issued. In the case of

divergence the time step will be repeated with half the step size. The run
will be terminated according to DTMIN and NCYCLE.
Default = ARC (Character)
DTMIN Minimum implicit time step. If DTMIN is reached, simulation will be terminated
(See comment 3).
Default = 1e-4*DTINI (Real > 0)
DTMAX Maximum implicit time step from which time step is set constant (See
comment 3).
Default = 3*DTINI (Real > 0)
LSMETH Line search method.
Default = ENERGY (Character = NONE, FORCE, ENERGY, or AUTO)
RREFIF Special residual force computation with contact interfaces present.
Default = no special treatment (Integer = 0, …, 5)
0 – Aggressive (modified entirely by the out-of-balance value)

1 – Average (modified each time with 200% maximum)
2 – Light (modified each time with 20% maximum)
3 – No modification

Field Contents
4 – No modification; except for the first contact.

5 – Modified automatically (for imposed displacement only)
NCYCLE Maximum number of time steps. If reached, solution will be terminated.

NCYCLE = 0 means no limit.
Default = no limit (Integer > 0)
FIXTID Identification number of a TABLEDi entry. The x values of the table define
fixed time points that the automatic time step control will adhere to.
(Integer > 0)
TOUT The method to determine the fixed time point.
AUTO – Fully automatic time step control.

NLOAD - The time points in all TABLEDi that are referenced by NLOAD1 in one
subcase.
Default = AUTO (AUTO or NLOAD)
KINER Inertia Stiffness for handling models that are not sufficiently constrained.
May require definition of DTSCQ (See comment 4).
Default = OFF (Character = ON, OFF)
DTSCQ Scale factor for inertia stiffness matrix used in quasi-static analysis (KINER =
ON, See comment 4).
ILIN Perform linear instead of nonlinear analysis. For debugging purposes.

(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, See comment 5).
LIN – Linear analysis without contact.
LINC – Linear analysis with contact.
Default is nonlinear analysis (Character = LIN, LINC)
SMDISP Perform small displacement and rotation analysis instead of geometric

nonlinear analysis. PARAM, SMDISP, 1 overwrites this definition.
OFF – Geometric nonlinear analysis.

Field Contents
ON – Small displacements and small rotations analysis.
SPRBK Perform spring back analysis. Equilibrium is reached when the internal forces
are less or equal to the tolerances given on NLPARM.
OFF – Regular analysis.
ON – Spring back analysis.
ITW If the solution of a time step converges within ITW iterations the next time
step will be increased by a factor controlled by DTSCI.
Default = 6 for TSCTRL = ARC
Default = 2 for TSCTRL = SIMP
Default = 12 for TSCTRL = RIKS
DTSCI Maximum scale factor for increasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, RIKS).
Scale factor for TSCTRL = SIMP.
LDTN Maximum number of iterations before resetting and decreasing the time step
by a factor of DTSCD.
Default = 25 for TSCTRL = RIKS
(Integer > 0)
DTSCD Scale factor for decreasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, SIMP, RIKS).
LARC Input arc-length for TSCTRL = ARC, RIKS

Field Contents
Default = automatic computation (Real)
CTYP Constraint type (See comment 6).
CRIS – Crisfield constraint equation.
MFSRIKS –- Modified Forde & Stiemer equation.
Default = CRIS (CRIS or MFSRIKS)
WSCAL Scale factor for controlling the loading contribution in the constraint
equation.
Comments
1. The NLPARMX bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command NLPARM =
option. There must also be an NLPARM bulk data entry with the same ID. It is only used
in geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM); it is ignored in other
analyses.
2. The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis is selected by SOLV. The
frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by KSTEP. For highly nonlinear
problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better performance. KSTEP = 1 means
full Newton.
3. If the loading is defined using NLOAD, the termination time TTERM must be defined by a
TTERM subcase entry. The initial implicit time step is DTINI = TTERMS/NINC with TTERMS
= TTERM – T0. All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. In a
simulation with multiple nonlinear subcases, T0 is the end time of the previous load step.
If there is only a single nonlinear subcase, T0 = 0.0.
If the loading is defined using LOAD, TTERM is not mandatory. These loads are treated as
linear ramp-up. If TTERM is defined, the load ramps up from the end time of the previous
subcase to TTERM. If TTERM is absent, it will be determined from the subcase sequence
such that the duration of each subcase TTERMS = 1.0. In this case, the initial time step
is DTINI = 1.0/NINC.
4. For models that are not sufficiently constrained, inertia stiffness can be used to overcome
a singular stiffness matrix. The inertia stiffness [K]inertia = 1/(DTSCQ*dt)^2[M] is added
to the stiffness matrix [K]. Care needs to be taken in the selection of DTSCQ. Too large
of an added mass may lead to wrong results.
5. Linear static and normal modes analysis within geometric nonlinear analysis (ILIN = LIN,
LINC) are provided for debugging purposes. They may help detecting modeling errors. All
materials are linearized, and linear displacements are assumed as well. The load is taken
at the termination time. To run normal modes analysis, a METHOD subcase entry that
refers to an EIGL bulk data entry must be provided.

6. The constraint equation for CTYP = CRIS is:
Where, u is displacement, j the scale factor (WSCAL) , l a load factor, and r the arc-
length.
The constraint equation for CTYP = MFSRIKS is:
Where, is the displacement, due to a unit load factor, and is the displacement
increment from the conventional Newton type method. The meaning of u, j, l, and r are
the same as those above.
7. For Nastran compatibility, NLPCI is imported if present. Only the fields ID, TYPE are
interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for TSCTRL will be reset to RIKS. TYPE will
be translated into CTYP; all other entries are set to default. A warning will be issued.
NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is recommended to remove NLPCI
and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions
8. For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, see the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.
9. This card is represented as an extension to an NLPARMX loadcollector in HyperMesh.

NLPCI
Bulk Data Entry
NLPCI – Implicit Time Step Control for Riks Type Arc-Length Method
Description
Define implicit automatic time step control with Riks type arc-length method.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPC I ID TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLPC I 5 C RIS
Field Contents
ID Identification number of an associated NLPARM entry.
TYPE Constraint type
Default = CRIS (CRIS, RIKS, or MRIKS)
Comments
1. The NLPCI bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command NLPARM =
option. There must also be an NLPARM entry with the same ID. It is only used in
geometric nonlinear (quasi-)static analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM).
2. NLPCI is implemented for Nastran compatibility and imported if present. Only the fields ID,
TYPE are interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for NLPARMX, SACC will be reset
to RIKS. TYPE will be translated into CTYPE; all other entries are set to default. A
warning will be issued. NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is

recommended to remove NLPCI and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions.
3. This card is an unsupported bulk data entry in HyperMesh.

NLRGAP
Bulk Data Entry
NLRGAP – Nonlinear Load Proportional to Gap
Description
Defines a nonlinear radial (circular) gap for direct transient response analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NLRGAP SID GA GB PLANE TABK TABG TABU RADIUS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN1 21 3 4 XY 3 10 6 1.6
Field Contents
SID Nonlinear load set identification number.
GA Inner grid for radial gap (shaft).
GB Outer grid for radial gap (housing).
PLANE Radial gap orientation plane.
Default = XY (XY, YZ or ZX)
TABK Table ID defining either (See comment 11):
Gap stiffness vs. time

Field Contents
Gap force vs. penetration

TABG Table ID for radial gap clearance as a function of time.
TABU Table ID for radial coefficient of friction as a function of time.
RADIUS Shaft radius.
Comments
1. Nonlinear radial gap must be selected by the Subcase Information data selector
NONLINEAR.
2. Multiple NLRGAP entries with the same SID are allowed.
3. The NLRGAP is not an element, but a nonlinear load similar to the NOLIN1, NOLIN2, NOLIN3
and NOLIN4 entries. It computes the relative displacements of GA and GB in the selected
plane and applies appropriate nonlinear loads to simulate the radial contact.
4. The degrees of freedom in the XY, YZ and ZX planes (depending on the PLANE defined) of
GA and GB must be members of the solution set. This means that they must not be
dependent degrees of freedom and the must not have SPCs applied to them. If RADIUS is
> 0.0, then the in-plane rotation degree of freedom must also be in the solution set.
5. The NLRGAP is limited to use in direct transient response analysis.
6. The XY, YZ and ZX planes are relative to the displacement coordinate systems of GA and
GB.
7. GA and GB must both be grid points, they must both be coincident, and they must have
parallel displacement coordinate systems. If any of these conditions are not met, an error
termination will occur.
8. The shaft radius is used only for the computation of friction induced torque.
9. A positive coefficient of friction is consistent with a counter-clockwise shaft rotation.

10. The time step algorithm in transient solution sequences may loose unconditional stability
when this load entry is used. In most practical cases, the time step size chosen to reach
a certain accuracy is below the stability limit. It is recommended to decrease the time
step if results diverge.
11. If the integer entered in the TABK field is positive, it is the ID of a TABLED1 entry defining
time vs. gap stiffness. If the integer is negative, then the absolute value of the integer is
the ID of a TABLED1 entry defining gap penetration vs. gap force.
12. Forces due to TABK and TABU at GA and GB are only present when the gap is closed. A
moment is applied only when the gap is closed and RADIUS > 0.0.

NOLIN1
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 – Nonlinear Transient Load as a Tabular Function
Description
Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form
Function of displacement:
Function of velocity:
where, and are the displacement and velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN1 SID GI CI S GJ CJ TID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN1 21 3 4 2.1 3 10 6
Field Contents
GI Grid or scalar point identification number at which nonlinear load is to be

applied.

Field Contents
CI Component number for GI.
No default (1 < Integer < 6; blank or 0 if GI is a scalar point)
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ Grid or scalar point identification number.
CJ Component number for GJ, according to the following table:
Type Displacement Velocity
Grid 1 < Integer < 6 11 < Integer < 16
Scalar Blank or 0 Integer = 10
TID Identification number of a TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4 entry.
Comments
1. Nonlinear loads must be selected by the Subcase Information data selector NONLINEAR.
2. Nonlinear loads may not be referenced on a DLOAD entry.
3. All degrees-of-freedom referenced on NOLIN1 entries must be members of the solution

set.
4. Nonlinear loads as a function of velocity are denoted by components ten greater than the
actual component number; that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1
component direction. The velocity is determined by:
where, is the time step interval and is the displacement of GJ-CJ for the
previous time step.


NOLIN2
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 – Nonlinear Transient Load as the Product of Two Variables
Description
where, and can be either displacement or velocity at points GJ and GK,

respectively, in the directions of CJ and CK, respectively.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN2 SID GI CI S GJ CJ GK CK
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN2 14 2 1 2.9 2 1 2
Field Contents

applied.

Field Contents
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ, GK Grid or scalar point identification number.
CJ, CK Component number for GJ, GK according to the following table:
Displacement Velocity
Type
Comments

set.
4. GI-CI, GJ-CJ and GK-CK may be the same degree-of-freedom.
5. Nonlinear loads may be a function of displacement or velocity .

Velocities are denoted by a component number ten greater than the actual component
number; that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The
velocity is determined by:
where, is the time step interval and is the displacement of GJ-CJ or GK-CK for the
previous time step.

NOLIN3
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 – Nonlinear Transient Load as a Positive Variable Raised to a Power
Description
where, may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN3 SID GI CI S GJ CJ A
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN3 4 102 -6.1 2 15 -3.5
Field Contents

applied.

Field Contents
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
CJ Component number for GJ, GK according to the following table:
A Exponent of the forcing function.
No default (Real)
Comments

set.

Velocities are denoted by components ten greater than the actual component number;
that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The velocity is
determined by:
previous time step.

5. Use a NOLIN4 entry for the negative range of .

NOLIN4
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 – Nonlinear Transient Load as a Negative Variable Raised to a Power
Description
where, may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN4 SID GI CI S GJ CJ A
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NOLIN4 2 4 6 2.0 101 16.3
Field Contents

applied.

Field Contents
S Scale factor.
No default (Real)
CJ Component number for GJ, GK according to the following table:
A Exponent of the forcing function.
No default (Real)
Comments

set.

Velocities are denoted by components ten greater than the actual component number;
that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The velocity is
determined by
previous time step.

5. Use a NOLIN3 entry for the positive range of .

NSM
Bulk Data Entry
NSM – Non-structural Mass per Unit Area or per Unit Length
Description
Defines non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length for a list of elements or
properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM SID TYPE ID VALUE ID VALUE ID VALUE
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM 4 PSHELL 155 0.06
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM 6 ELEMENT 12 0.03 13 0.03 14 0.03
Field Contents
SID Identification number of non-structural mass set.
TYPE This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM,
PBEAML, PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will

Field Contents
refer to properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the
list is of individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.
No default (PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PROD, CONROD,

PSHEAR, PTUBE, or ELEMENT).
ID Property or Element ID, depending on the TYPE definition
VALUE Non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Refer to the User's Guide section on Non-structural Mass for more information on the use
of this card.
2. Non-structural mass in this format must be selected by the NSM Subcase Information
selector.

NSM1
Bulk Data Entry
NSM1 – Non-structural Mass per Unit Area or per Unit Length, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length for a list of elements or
properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM1 SID TYPE VALUE ID ID ID ID ID
ID ID ID -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM1 2 ELEMENT 0.063 1 8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSM1 SID TYPE VALUE ID THRU ID
NSM1 3 PSHELL 0.03 9 THRU 12
Field Contents

TYPE This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML,
PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will refer to
properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the list is of
individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.

VALUE Non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length
No default (Real)
No default (Integer > 0, or "THRU")
Comments
of this card.
selector.

NSMADD
Bulk Data Entry
NSMADD – Non-structural Mass Set Combination
Description
Defines non-structural mass as the sum of the sets listed.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSMADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 S10 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSMADD 4 100 200
Field Contents
S# Identification number of nonstructural mass sets defined via NSM, NSM1, NSML,
and NSML1 entries.
VALUE A lumped mass value to be distributed over all the listed elements and elements
referencing listed properties.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
Comments
of this card.
selector.
3. No S# may be the identification number of a non-structural mass set defined by another

NSMADD entry.
4. NSMADD entries take precedence over NSM, NSML, NSM1 or NSML1 entries. If both have
the same SID, only the NSMADD entry will be used.

NSML
Bulk Data Entry
NSML – Lumped Non-structural Mass
Description
Defines lumped non-structural mass for a list of elements or properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSML SID TYPE ID VALUE ID VALUE ID VALUE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSML 6 PSHELL 16 0.29
Field Contents
TYPE This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM,
PBEAML, PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will
refer to properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the
list is of individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.


Field Contents
No default (Real)
Comments
of this card.
selector.
3. This entry will calculated an equivalent non-structural mass per unit area or per unit
length using the lumped mass values provided.
For "area" elements, the calculation is:
and for "line" elements, the calculation is:
4. You cannot mix "area" and "line" elements on the same entry. The "area" elements are:
CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, CTRIA6, and CSHEAR; and the "line" elements are: CBAR,
CBEAM, CTUBE, CROD, and CONROD.

NSML1
Bulk Data Entry
NSML1 – Lumped Non-structural Mass, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines lumped non-structural mass for a list of elements or properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSML SID TYPE VALUE ID ID ID ID ID
ID ID ID -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSML 3 ELEMENT 0.06 1 2 3 4
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
NSML SID TYPE VALUE ID THRU ID
NSML 3 ELEMENT 0.06 1 THRU 4
Field Contents

Field Contents
TYPE This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML,
PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will refer to
properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the list is of
individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.

No default (Real)
Comments
of this card.
selector.
3. This entry will calculated an equivalent non-structural mass per unit area or per unit
length using the lumped mass values provided.
For "area" elements, the calculation is:
and for "line" elements, the calculation is:
4. You cannot mix "area" and "line" elements on the same entry. The "area" elements are:
CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, CTRIA6, and CSHEAR; and the "line" elements are: CBAR,
CBEAM, CTUBE, CROD, and CONROD.

PAABSF
Bulk Data Entry
PAABSF – Frequency-Dependant Fluid Acoustic Absorber Property
Description
Defines the properties of the fluid acoustic absorber element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAABSF PID TZREID TSIMID S A B K RHOC
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAABSF 4 3 4 1.0 0.5
Field Contents
PID Property identification number.
(Integer > 0)
TZREID Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the resistance as a function of
frequency. The real part of the impedance.
(Integer > 0 or Blank)
TZIMID Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the reactance as a function of
frequency. The imaginary part of impedance.
S Impedance scale factor.

Field Contents
A Area factor when 1 or 2 grid points are specified in the CAABSF entry.
B Equivalent damping coefficient.
K Equivalent stiffness coefficient.
RHOC Constant used in data recovery for calculating an absorption coefficient. RHO is
the media density and C is the speed of sound in the media.
Default = 1.0; current unused (Real)
Input File - mdcaabsf.parm
$$
$$ Optistruct Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 10.0build60
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Optistruct Template Version : 10.0-SA1-120
$$
$$ Template: optistruct
$$
$$
$
DISPLACEMENT(PHASE) = 1
OUTPUT,HGFREQ,ALL
OUTPUT,OPTI,ALL
OUTPUT,H3D,ALL
OUTPUT,PUNCH,ALL
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP 1"Piston_Load" 6
$
SUBCASE 1
LABEL Piston_Load
SPC = 12
METHOD(STRUCTURE) = 4
METHOD(FLUID) = 5
FREQUENCY = 3
DLOAD = 9

$
$HMSET 1 1 "pressure"
SET 1 = 43,55,67,79,91,103,115,
127,139,151,163,175,187,199,
531,543,555,567,579,591,603,
615,627,639,651,663,675,687,
6798
$
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$--------------------------------------------------------------
$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
$
BEGIN BULK
ACMODL
$$
$$ Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
$$
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES
PARAM,POST,-1
$$
$$ DESVARG Data
$$
$$
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID 9 0.492 0.0 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 10 0.246 0.0 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 11 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 12 -0.246 0.0 8.589-16 -1
GRID 13 -0.492 0.0 1.718-15 -1
GRID 14 -0.492 0.246 1.718-15 -1
GRID 15 -0.492 0.492 1.718-15 -1
GRID 16 -0.246 0.492 8.589-16 -1
GRID 17 0.0 0.492 0.0 -1
GRID 18 0.246 0.492 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 19 0.492 0.492 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 20 0.492 0.246 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 21 0.0 0.246 0.0 -1
GRID 22 -0.246 0.246 8.589-16 -1
GRID 23 0.246 0.246 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 24 0.492 -0.246 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 25 0.492 -0.492 -1.72-15 -1
GRID 26 0.246 -0.492 -8.59-16 -1

GRID 27 0.0 -0.492 0.0 -1
GRID 28 -0.246 -0.492 8.589-16 -1
GRID 29 -0.492 -0.492 1.718-15 -1
GRID 30 -0.492 -0.246 1.718-15 -1
GRID 31 0.0 -0.246 0.0 -1
GRID 32 0.246 -0.246 -8.59-16 -1
GRID 33 -0.246 -0.246 8.589-16 -1
GRID 34 0.246 5.049-29-.300073 -1
GRID 35 -5.99-130.0 -.300073 -1
GRID 36 -5.62-130.246 -.300073 -1
GRID 37 0.246 0.246 -.300073 -1
GRID 38 0.246 2.524-29-.600146 -1
GRID 39 -1.2-12 0.0 -.600146 -1
GRID 40 -1.12-120.246 -.600146 -1
GRID 41 0.246 0.246 -.600146 -1
GRID 42 0.246 2.919-29-0.90022 -1
GRID 43 -1.79-120.0 -.900219 -1
GRID 44 -1.68-120.246 -.900219 -1
GRID 45 0.246 0.246 -0.90022 -1
GRID 46 0.246 3.787-29-1.20029 -1
GRID 47 -2.39-120.0 -1.20029 -1
GRID 48 -2.24-120.246 -1.20029 -1
GRID 49 0.246 0.246 -1.20029 -1
GRID 50 0.246 4.733-29-1.50037 -1
GRID 51 -3.0-12 0.0 -1.50037 -1
GRID 52 -2.81-120.246 -1.50037 -1
GRID 53 0.246 0.246 -1.50037 -1
GRID 54 0.246 5.364-29-1.80044 -1
GRID 55 -3.6-12 0.0 -1.80044 -1
GRID 56 -3.37-120.246 -1.80044 -1
GRID 57 0.246 0.246 -1.80044 -1
GRID 58 0.246 6.311-29-2.10051 -1
GRID 59 -4.2-12 0.0 -2.10051 -1
GRID 60 -3.93-120.246 -2.10051 -1
GRID 61 0.246 0.246 -2.10051 -1
GRID 62 0.246 7.258-29-2.40059 -1
GRID 63 -4.79-120.0 -2.40059 -1
GRID 64 -4.49-120.246 -2.40059 -1
GRID 65 0.246 0.246 -2.40059 -1
GRID 66 0.246 8.204-29-2.70066 -1
GRID 67 -5.39-120.0 -2.70066 -1
GRID 68 -5.06-120.246 -2.70066 -1
GRID 69 0.246 0.246 -2.70066 -1
GRID 70 0.246 8.835-29-3.00073 -1
GRID 71 -5.99-120.0 -3.00073 -1
GRID 72 -5.62-120.246 -3.00073 -1
GRID 73 0.246 0.246 -3.00073 -1
GRID 74 0.246 9.782-29-3.30081 -1
GRID 75 -6.59-120.0 -3.30081 -1
GRID 76 -6.18-120.246 -3.30081 -1
GRID 77 0.246 0.246 -3.30081 -1
GRID 78 0.246 1.073-28-3.60088 -1
GRID 79 -7.19-120.0 -3.60088 -1
GRID 80 -6.74-120.246 -3.60088 -1
GRID 81 0.246 0.246 -3.60088 -1
GRID 82 0.246 1.136-28-3.90095 -1
GRID 83 -7.78-120.0 -3.90095 -1
GRID 84 -7.3-12 0.246 -3.90095 -1
GRID 85 0.246 0.246 -3.90095 -1
GRID 86 0.246 1.231-28-4.20102 -1
GRID 87 -8.38-120.0 -4.20102 -1
GRID 88 -7.86-120.246 -4.20102 -1
GRID 89 0.246 0.246 -4.20102 -1
GRID 90 0.246 1.294-28-4.5011 -1
GRID 91 -8.99-120.0 -4.5011 -1
GRID 92 -8.43-120.246 -4.5011 -1
GRID 93 0.246 0.246 -4.5011 -1
GRID 94 0.246 1.388-28-4.80117 -1
GRID 95 -9.59-120.0 -4.80117 -1

GRID 96 -8.99-120.246 -4.80117 -1
GRID 97 0.246 0.246 -4.80117 -1
GRID 98 0.246 1.452-28-5.10124 -1
GRID 99 -1.02-110.0 -5.10124 -1
GRID 100 -9.55-120.246 -5.10124 -1
GRID 101 0.246 0.246 -5.10124 -1
GRID 102 0.246 1.515-28-5.40132 -1
GRID 103 -1.08-110.0 -5.40132 -1
GRID 104 -1.01-110.246 -5.40132 -1
GRID 105 0.246 0.246 -5.40132 -1
GRID 106 0.246 1.609-28-5.70139 -1
GRID 107 -1.14-110.0 -5.70139 -1
GRID 108 -1.07-110.246 -5.70139 -1
GRID 109 0.246 0.246 -5.70139 -1
GRID 110 0.246 1.672-28-6.00146 -1
GRID 111 -1.2-11 0.0 -6.00146 -1
GRID 112 -1.12-110.246 -6.00146 -1
GRID 113 0.246 0.246 -6.00146 -1
GRID 114 0.246 1.735-28-6.30154 -1
GRID 115 -1.26-110.0 -6.30154 -1
GRID 116 -1.18-110.246 -6.30154 -1
GRID 117 0.246 0.246 -6.30154 -1
GRID 118 0.246 1.83-28 -6.60161 -1
GRID 119 -1.32-110.0 -6.60161 -1
GRID 120 -1.23-110.246 -6.60161 -1
GRID 121 0.246 0.246 -6.60161 -1
GRID 122 0.246 1.893-28-6.90168 -1
GRID 123 -1.38-110.0 -6.90168 -1
GRID 124 -1.29-110.246 -6.90168 -1
GRID 125 0.246 0.246 -6.90168 -1
GRID 126 0.246 1.956-28-7.20176 -1
GRID 127 -1.44-110.0 -7.20176 -1
GRID 128 -1.35-110.246 -7.20176 -1
GRID 129 0.246 0.246 -7.20176 -1
GRID 130 0.246 2.019-28-7.50183 -1
GRID 131 -1.5-11 0.0 -7.50183 -1
GRID 132 -1.4-11 0.246 -7.50183 -1
GRID 133 0.246 0.246 -7.50183 -1
GRID 134 0.246 2.083-28-7.8019 -1
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GRID 6786 0.246 0.246 -8.59-16
GRID 6787 -0.246 0.246 8.589-16
GRID 6788 0.0 0.246 0.0
GRID 6789 0.492 0.246 -1.72-15
GRID 6790 0.492 0.492 -1.72-15
GRID 6791 0.246 0.492 -8.59-16
GRID 6792 0.0 0.492 0.0
GRID 6793 -0.246 0.492 8.589-16
GRID 6794 -0.492 0.492 1.718-15
GRID 6795 -0.492 0.246 1.718-15
GRID 6796 -0.492 0.0 1.718-15
GRID 6797 -0.246 0.0 8.589-16
GRID 6798 0.0 0.0 0.0
GRID 6799 0.246 0.0 -8.59-16
GRID 6800 0.492 0.0 -1.72-15
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4 5627 1 6778 6798 6799 6777

CQUAD4 5629 1 6782 6778 6777 6783
CQUAD4 6116 1 6777 6799 6800 6785
CQUAD4 6122 1 6783 6777 6785 6784
CQUAD4 6125 1 6799 6798 6788 6786
CQUAD4 6520 1 6779 6796 6797 6776
CQUAD4 6521 1 6776 6797 6798 6778
CQUAD4 6523 1 6780 6779 6776 6781
CQUAD4 6528 1 6781 6776 6778 6782
CQUAD4 6954 1 6797 6796 6795 6787
CQUAD4 7220 1 6788 6787 6793 6792
CQUAD4 7647 1 6787 6795 6794 6793
CQUAD4 7652 1 6798 6797 6787 6788
CQUAD4 7945 1 6786 6788 6792 6791
CQUAD4 7948 1 6789 6786 6791 6790
CQUAD4 7955 1 6800 6799 6786 6789
$
$HMMOVE 5
$ 5627 5629 6116 6122 6125 6520THRU 6521 6523
$ 6528 6954 7220 7647 7652 7945 7948 7955
$
$
$
CHEXA 17 2 10 11 21 23 34 35
+ 36 37
CHEXA 18 2 34 35 36 37 38 39
+ 40 41
CHEXA 19 2 38 39 40 41 42 43
+ 44 45
CHEXA 20 2 42 43 44 45 46 47
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CHEXA 21 2 46 47 48 49 50 51
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CHEXA 22 2 50 51 52 53 54 55
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CHEXA 23 2 54 55 56 57 58 59
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CHEXA 24 2 58 59 60 61 62 63
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CHEXA 25 2 62 63 64 65 66 67
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CHEXA 26 2 66 67 68 69 70 71
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CHEXA 27 2 70 71 72 73 74 75
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CHEXA 28 2 74 75 76 77 78 79
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CHEXA 29 2 78 79 80 81 82 83
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CHEXA 30 2 82 83 84 85 86 87
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CHEXA 31 2 86 87 88 89 90 91
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CHEXA 32 2 90 91 92 93 94 95
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CHEXA 33 2 94 95 96 97 98 99
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CHEXA 34 2 98 99 100 101 102 103
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CHEXA 35 2 102 103 104 105 106 107
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CHEXA 36 2 106 107 108 109 110 111
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CHEXA 37 2 110 111 112 113 114 115
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CHEXA 38 2 114 115 116 117 118 119
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CHEXA 39 2 118 119 120 121 122 123
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CHEXA 40 2 122 123 124 125 126 127
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CHEXA 41 2 126 127 128 129 130 131
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CHEXA 42 2 130 131 132 133 134 135
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CHEXA 43 2 134 135 136 137 138 139
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CHEXA 44 2 138 139 140 141 142 143
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CHEXA 45 2 142 143 144 145 146 147
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CHEXA 46 2 146 147 148 149 150 151
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CHEXA 47 2 150 151 152 153 154 155
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CHEXA 48 2 154 155 156 157 158 159
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CHEXA 49 2 158 159 160 161 162 163
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CHEXA 50 2 162 163 164 165 166 167
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CHEXA 51 2 166 167 168 169 170 171
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CHEXA 52 2 170 171 172 173 174 175
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CHEXA 53 2 174 175 176 177 178 179
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CHEXA 54 2 178 179 180 181 182 183
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CHEXA 55 2 182 183 184 185 186 187
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CHEXA 56 2 186 187 188 189 190 191
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CHEXA 57 2 190 191 192 193 194 195
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CHEXA 58 2 194 195 196 197 198 199
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CHEXA 139 2 198 199 200 201 522 523
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CHEXA 140 2 522 523 524 525 526 527
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CHEXA 141 2 526 527 528 529 530 531
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CHEXA 142 2 530 531 532 533 534 535
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CHEXA 143 2 534 535 536 537 538 539
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CHEXA 144 2 538 539 540 541 542 543
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CHEXA 145 2 542 543 544 545 546 547
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CHEXA 146 2 546 547 548 549 550 551
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CHEXA 147 2 550 551 552 553 554 555
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CHEXA 148 2 554 555 556 557 558 559
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CHEXA 149 2 558 559 560 561 562 563
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CHEXA 150 2 562 563 564 565 566 567
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CHEXA 151 2 566 567 568 569 570 571
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CHEXA 152 2 570 571 572 573 574 575
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CHEXA 153 2 574 575 576 577 578 579
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CHEXA 154 2 578 579 580 581 582 583

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CHEXA 155 2 582 583 584 585 586 587
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CHEXA 156 2 586 587 588 589 590 591
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CHEXA 157 2 590 591 592 593 594 595
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CHEXA 158 2 594 595 596 597 598 599
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CHEXA 159 2 598 599 600 601 602 603
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CHEXA 160 2 602 603 604 605 606 607
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CHEXA 161 2 606 607 608 609 610 611
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CHEXA 162 2 610 611 612 613 614 615
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CHEXA 163 2 614 615 616 617 618 619
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CHEXA 164 2 618 619 620 621 622 623
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CHEXA 165 2 622 623 624 625 626 627
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CHEXA 166 2 626 627 628 629 630 631
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CHEXA 167 2 630 631 632 633 634 635
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CHEXA 168 2 634 635 636 637 638 639
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CHEXA 169 2 638 639 640 641 642 643
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CHEXA 170 2 642 643 644 645 646 647
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CHEXA 171 2 646 647 648 649 650 651
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CHEXA 172 2 650 651 652 653 654 655
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CHEXA 173 2 654 655 656 657 658 659
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CHEXA 174 2 658 659 660 661 662 663
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CHEXA 175 2 662 663 664 665 666 667
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CHEXA 176 2 666 667 668 669 670 671
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CHEXA 177 2 670 671 672 673 674 675
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CHEXA 178 2 674 675 676 677 678 679
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CHEXA 179 2 678 679 680 681 682 683
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CHEXA 180 2 682 683 684 685 686 687
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CHEXA 181 2 9 10 23 20 690 34
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CHEXA 182 2 690 34 37 691 692 38
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CHEXA 183 2 692 38 41 693 694 42
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CHEXA 184 2 694 42 45 695 696 46
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CHEXA 185 2 696 46 49 697 698 50
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CHEXA 186 2 698 50 53 699 700 54
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CHEXA 187 2 700 54 57 701 702 58
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CHEXA 188 2 702 58 61 703 704 62
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CHEXA 189 2 704 62 65 705 706 66
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CHEXA 190 2 706 66 69 707 708 70
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CHEXA 191 2 708 70 73 709 710 74
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CHEXA 192 2 710 74 77 711 712 78
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CHEXA 193 2 712 78 81 713 714 82
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CHEXA 194 2 714 82 85 715 716 86
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CHEXA 195 2 716 86 89 717 718 90
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CHEXA 196 2 718 90 93 719 720 94
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CHEXA 197 2 720 94 97 721 722 98
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CHEXA 198 2 722 98 101 723 724 102
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CHEXA 199 2 724 102 105 725 726 106
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CHEXA 200 2 726 106 109 727 728 110
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CHEXA 201 2 728 110 113 729 730 114
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CHEXA 202 2 730 114 117 731 732 118
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CHEXA 203 2 732 118 121 733 734 122
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CHEXA 204 2 734 122 125 735 736 126
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CHEXA 205 2 736 126 129 737 738 130
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CHEXA 206 2 738 130 133 739 740 134
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CHEXA 207 2 740 134 137 741 742 138
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CHEXA 208 2 742 138 141 743 744 142
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CHEXA 209 2 744 142 145 745 746 146
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CHEXA 210 2 746 146 149 747 748 150
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CHEXA 211 2 748 150 153 749 750 154
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CHEXA 212 2 750 154 157 751 752 158
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CHEXA 213 2 752 158 161 753 754 162
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CHEXA 214 2 754 162 165 755 756 166
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CHEXA 215 2 756 166 169 757 758 170
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CHEXA 216 2 758 170 173 759 760 174
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CHEXA 217 2 760 174 177 761 762 178
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CHEXA 218 2 762 178 181 763 764 182
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CHEXA 219 2 764 182 185 765 766 186
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CHEXA 220 2 766 186 189 767 768 190
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CHEXA 221 2 768 190 193 769 770 194
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CHEXA 222 2 770 194 197 771 772 198
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CHEXA 303 2 772 198 201 773 934 522

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CHEXA 304 2 934 522 525 935 936 526
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CHEXA 305 2 936 526 529 937 938 530
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CHEXA 306 2 938 530 533 939 940 534
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CHEXA 307 2 940 534 537 941 942 538
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CHEXA 308 2 942 538 541 943 944 542
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CHEXA 309 2 944 542 545 945 946 546
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CHEXA 310 2 946 546 549 947 948 550
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CHEXA 311 2 948 550 553 949 950 554
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CHEXA 312 2 950 554 557 951 952 558
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CHEXA 313 2 952 558 561 953 954 562
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CHEXA 314 2 954 562 565 955 956 566
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CHEXA 315 2 956 566 569 957 958 570
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CHEXA 316 2 958 570 573 959 960 574
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CHEXA 317 2 960 574 577 961 962 578
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CHEXA 318 2 962 578 581 963 964 582
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CHEXA 319 2 964 582 585 965 966 586
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CHEXA 320 2 966 586 589 967 968 590
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CHEXA 321 2 968 590 593 969 970 594
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CHEXA 322 2 970 594 597 971 972 598
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CHEXA 323 2 972 598 601 973 974 602
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CHEXA 324 2 974 602 605 975 976 606
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CHEXA 325 2 976 606 609 977 978 610
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CHEXA 326 2 978 610 613 979 980 614
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CHEXA 327 2 980 614 617 981 982 618
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CHEXA 328 2 982 618 621 983 984 622
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CHEXA 329 2 984 622 625 985 986 626
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CHEXA 330 2 986 626 629 987 988 630
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CHEXA 331 2 988 630 633 989 990 634
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CHEXA 332 2 990 634 637 991 992 638
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CHEXA 333 2 992 638 641 993 994 642
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CHEXA 334 2 994 642 645 995 996 646
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CHEXA 335 2 996 646 649 997 998 650
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CHEXA 336 2 998 650 653 999 1000 654
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CHEXA 337 2 1000 654 657 1001 1002 658
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CHEXA 338 2 1002 658 661 1003 1004 662
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CHEXA 339 2 1004 662 665 1005 1006 666
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CHEXA 340 2 1006 666 669 1007 1008 670
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CHEXA 341 2 1008 670 673 1009 1010 674
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CHEXA 342 2 1010 674 677 1011 1012 678
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CHEXA 343 2 1012 678 681 1013 1014 682
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CHEXA 344 2 1014 682 685 1015 1016 686
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CHEXA 345 2 23 21 17 18 37 36
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CHEXA 346 2 37 36 1018 1019 41 40
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CHEXA 347 2 41 40 1020 1021 45 44
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CHEXA 348 2 45 44 1022 1023 49 48
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CHEXA 349 2 49 48 1024 1025 53 52
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CHEXA 350 2 53 52 1026 1027 57 56
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CHEXA 351 2 57 56 1028 1029 61 60
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CHEXA 352 2 61 60 1030 1031 65 64
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CHEXA 353 2 65 64 1032 1033 69 68
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CHEXA 354 2 69 68 1034 1035 73 72
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CHEXA 355 2 73 72 1036 1037 77 76
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CHEXA 356 2 77 76 1038 1039 81 80
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CHEXA 357 2 81 80 1040 1041 85 84
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CHEXA 358 2 85 84 1042 1043 89 88
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CHEXA 359 2 89 88 1044 1045 93 92
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CHEXA 360 2 93 92 1046 1047 97 96
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CHEXA 361 2 97 96 1048 1049 101 100
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CHEXA 362 2 101 100 1050 1051 105 104
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CHEXA 363 2 105 104 1052 1053 109 108
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CHEXA 364 2 109 108 1054 1055 113 112
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CHEXA 365 2 113 112 1056 1057 117 116
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CHEXA 366 2 117 116 1058 1059 121 120
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CHEXA 367 2 121 120 1060 1061 125 124
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CHEXA 368 2 125 124 1062 1063 129 128
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CHEXA 369 2 129 128 1064 1065 133 132
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CHEXA 370 2 133 132 1066 1067 137 136
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CHEXA 371 2 137 136 1068 1069 141 140
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CHEXA 372 2 141 140 1070 1071 145 144

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CHEXA 373 2 145 144 1072 1073 149 148
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CHEXA 374 2 149 148 1074 1075 153 152
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CHEXA 375 2 153 152 1076 1077 157 156
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CHEXA 376 2 157 156 1078 1079 161 160
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CHEXA 377 2 161 160 1080 1081 165 164
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CHEXA 378 2 165 164 1082 1083 169 168
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CHEXA 379 2 169 168 1084 1085 173 172
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CHEXA 380 2 173 172 1086 1087 177 176
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CHEXA 381 2 177 176 1088 1089 181 180
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CHEXA 382 2 181 180 1090 1091 185 184
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CHEXA 383 2 185 184 1092 1093 189 188
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CHEXA 384 2 189 188 1094 1095 193 192
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CHEXA 385 2 193 192 1096 1097 197 196
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CHEXA 386 2 197 196 1098 1099 201 200
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CHEXA 467 2 201 200 1100 1101 525 524
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CHEXA 468 2 525 524 1262 1263 529 528
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CHEXA 469 2 529 528 1264 1265 533 532
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CHEXA 470 2 533 532 1266 1267 537 536
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CHEXA 471 2 537 536 1268 1269 541 540
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CHEXA 472 2 541 540 1270 1271 545 544
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CHEXA 473 2 545 544 1272 1273 549 548
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CHEXA 474 2 549 548 1274 1275 553 552
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CHEXA 475 2 553 552 1276 1277 557 556
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CHEXA 476 2 557 556 1278 1279 561 560
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CHEXA 477 2 561 560 1280 1281 565 564
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CHEXA 478 2 565 564 1282 1283 569 568
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CHEXA 479 2 569 568 1284 1285 573 572
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CHEXA 480 2 573 572 1286 1287 577 576
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CHEXA 481 2 577 576 1288 1289 581 580
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CHEXA 482 2 581 580 1290 1291 585 584
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CHEXA 483 2 585 584 1292 1293 589 588
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CHEXA 484 2 589 588 1294 1295 593 592
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CHEXA 485 2 593 592 1296 1297 597 596
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CHEXA 486 2 597 596 1298 1299 601 600
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CHEXA 487 2 601 600 1300 1301 605 604
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CHEXA 488 2 605 604 1302 1303 609 608
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CHEXA 489 2 609 608 1304 1305 613 612
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CHEXA 490 2 613 612 1306 1307 617 616
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CHEXA 491 2 617 616 1308 1309 621 620
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CHEXA 492 2 621 620 1310 1311 625 624
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CHEXA 493 2 625 624 1312 1313 629 628
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CHEXA 494 2 629 628 1314 1315 633 632
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CHEXA 495 2 633 632 1316 1317 637 636
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CHEXA 496 2 637 636 1318 1319 641 640
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CHEXA 497 2 641 640 1320 1321 645 644
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CHEXA 498 2 645 644 1322 1323 649 648
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CHEXA 499 2 649 648 1324 1325 653 652
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CHEXA 500 2 653 652 1326 1327 657 656
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CHEXA 501 2 657 656 1328 1329 661 660
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CHEXA 502 2 661 660 1330 1331 665 664
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CHEXA 503 2 665 664 1332 1333 669 668
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CHEXA 504 2 669 668 1334 1335 673 672
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CHEXA 506 2 677 676 1338 1339 681 680
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CHEXA 507 2 681 680 1340 1341 685 684
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CHEXA 508 2 685 684 1342 1343 689 688
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CHEXA 509 2 20 23 18 19 691 37
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CHEXA 510 2 691 37 1019 1346 693 41
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CHEXA 511 2 693 41 1021 1347 695 45
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CHEXA 512 2 695 45 1023 1348 697 49
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CHEXA 513 2 697 49 1025 1349 699 53
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CHEXA 514 2 699 53 1027 1350 701 57
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CHEXA 516 2 703 61 1031 1352 705 65
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CHEXA 517 2 705 65 1033 1353 707 69
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CHEXA 518 2 707 69 1035 1354 709 73
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CHEXA 519 2 709 73 1037 1355 711 77
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CHEXA 520 2 711 77 1039 1356 713 81
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CHEXA 523 2 717 89 1045 1359 719 93
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CHEXA 524 2 719 93 1047 1360 721 97
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CHEXA 525 2 721 97 1049 1361 723 101
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CHEXA 526 2 723 101 1051 1362 725 105
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CHEXA 527 2 725 105 1053 1363 727 109
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CHEXA 528 2 727 109 1055 1364 729 113
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CHEXA 529 2 729 113 1057 1365 731 117
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CHEXA 530 2 731 117 1059 1366 733 121
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CHEXA 531 2 733 121 1061 1367 735 125
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CHEXA 532 2 735 125 1063 1368 737 129
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CHEXA 533 2 737 129 1065 1369 739 133
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CHEXA 534 2 739 133 1067 1370 741 137
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CHEXA 535 2 741 137 1069 1371 743 141
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CHEXA 536 2 743 141 1071 1372 745 145
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CHEXA 537 2 745 145 1073 1373 747 149
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CHEXA 538 2 747 149 1075 1374 749 153
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CHEXA 539 2 749 153 1077 1375 751 157
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CHEXA 540 2 751 157 1079 1376 753 161
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CHEXA 541 2 753 161 1081 1377 755 165
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CHEXA 542 2 755 165 1083 1378 757 169
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CHEXA 543 2 757 169 1085 1379 759 173
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CHEXA 544 2 759 173 1087 1380 761 177
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CHEXA 545 2 761 177 1089 1381 763 181
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CHEXA 546 2 763 181 1091 1382 765 185
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CHEXA 547 2 765 185 1093 1383 767 189
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CHEXA 548 2 767 189 1095 1384 769 193
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CHEXA 549 2 769 193 1097 1385 771 197
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CHEXA 550 2 771 197 1099 1386 773 201
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CHEXA 631 2 773 201 1101 1387 935 525
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CHEXA 632 2 935 525 1263 1468 937 529
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CHEXA 634 2 939 533 1267 1470 941 537
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CHEXA 635 2 941 537 1269 1471 943 541
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CHEXA 636 2 943 541 1271 1472 945 545
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CHEXA 637 2 945 545 1273 1473 947 549
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CHEXA 638 2 947 549 1275 1474 949 553
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CHEXA 639 2 949 553 1277 1475 951 557
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CHEXA 641 2 953 561 1281 1477 955 565
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CHEXA 646 2 963 581 1291 1482 965 585
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CHEXA 659 2 989 633 1317 1495 991 637
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CHEXA 660 2 991 637 1319 1496 993 641
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CHEXA 661 2 993 641 1321 1497 995 645
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CHEXA 662 2 995 645 1323 1498 997 649
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CHEXA 663 2 997 649 1325 1499 999 653
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CHEXA 664 2 999 653 1327 1500 1001 657
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CHEXA 666 2 1003 661 1331 1502 1005 665
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CHEXA 667 2 1005 665 1333 1503 1007 669
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CHEXA 669 2 1009 673 1337 1505 1011 677
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CHEXA 670 2 1011 677 1339 1506 1013 681

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CHEXA 672 2 1015 685 1343 1508 1017 689
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CHEXA 673 2 12 13 14 22 1510 1511
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CHEXA 674 2 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515
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CHEXA 675 2 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519
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CHEXA 676 2 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523
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CHEXA 677 2 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527
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CHEXA 678 2 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531
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CHEXA 679 2 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535
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CHEXA 680 2 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539
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CHEXA 681 2 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543
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CHEXA 682 2 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547
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CHEXA 683 2 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551
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CHEXA 684 2 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555
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CHEXA 1342 2 2518 1558 83 2519 2520 1562
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CHEXA 1343 2 2520 1562 87 2521 2522 1566
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CHEXA 1344 2 2522 1566 91 2523 2524 1570
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CHEXA 1345 2 2524 1570 95 2525 2526 1574
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CHEXA 1346 2 2526 1574 99 2527 2528 1578
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CHEXA 1347 2 2528 1578 103 2529 2530 1582
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CHEXA 1348 2 2530 1582 107 2531 2532 1586
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CHEXA 1349 2 2532 1586 111 2533 2534 1590
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CHEXA 1350 2 2534 1590 115 2535 2536 1594
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CHEXA 1351 2 2536 1594 119 2537 2538 1598
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CHEXA 1352 2 2538 1598 123 2539 2540 1602
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CHEXA 1353 2 2540 1602 127 2541 2542 1606
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CHEXA 1354 2 2542 1606 131 2543 2544 1610
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CHEXA 1355 2 2544 1610 135 2545 2546 1614
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CHEXA 1356 2 2546 1614 139 2547 2548 1618
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CHEXA 1357 2 2548 1618 143 2549 2550 1622
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CHEXA 1358 2 2550 1622 147 2551 2552 1626
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CHEXA 1359 2 2552 1626 151 2553 2554 1630
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CHEXA 1360 2 2554 1630 155 2555 2556 1634
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CHEXA 1361 2 2556 1634 159 2557 2558 1638
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CHEXA 1362 2 2558 1638 163 2559 2560 1642
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CHEXA 1363 2 2560 1642 167 2561 2562 1646
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CHEXA 1364 2 2562 1646 171 2563 2564 1650
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CHEXA 1365 2 2564 1650 175 2565 2566 1654
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CHEXA 1366 2 2566 1654 179 2567 2568 1658
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CHEXA 1367 2 2568 1658 183 2569 2570 1662
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CHEXA 1368 2 2570 1662 187 2571 2572 1666
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CHEXA 1369 2 2572 1666 191 2573 2574 1670
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CHEXA 1370 2 2574 1670 195 2575 2576 1674
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CHEXA 1451 2 2576 1674 199 2577 2738 1998
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CHEXA 1452 2 2738 1998 523 2739 2740 2002
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CHEXA 1453 2 2740 2002 527 2741 2742 2006
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CHEXA 1458 2 2750 2022 547 2751 2752 2026
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CHEXA 1459 2 2752 2026 551 2753 2754 2030
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CHEXA 1460 2 2754 2030 555 2755 2756 2034
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CHEXA 1461 2 2756 2034 559 2757 2758 2038
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CHEXA 1462 2 2758 2038 563 2759 2760 2042
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CHEXA 1463 2 2760 2042 567 2761 2762 2046
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CHEXA 1464 2 2762 2046 571 2763 2764 2050
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CHEXA 1465 2 2764 2050 575 2765 2766 2054
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CHEXA 1466 2 2766 2054 579 2767 2768 2058
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CHEXA 1467 2 2768 2058 583 2769 2770 2062
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CHEXA 1468 2 2770 2062 587 2771 2772 2066
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CHEXA 1469 2 2772 2066 591 2773 2774 2070
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CHEXA 1470 2 2774 2070 595 2775 2776 2074
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CHEXA 1471 2 2776 2074 599 2777 2778 2078
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CHEXA 1472 2 2778 2078 603 2779 2780 2082
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CHEXA 1473 2 2780 2082 607 2781 2782 2086
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CHEXA 1474 2 2782 2086 611 2783 2784 2090
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CHEXA 1475 2 2784 2090 615 2785 2786 2094
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CHEXA 1476 2 2786 2094 619 2787 2788 2098
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CHEXA 1477 2 2788 2098 623 2789 2790 2102
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CHEXA 1478 2 2790 2102 627 2791 2792 2106
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CHEXA 1479 2 2792 2106 631 2793 2794 2110
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CHEXA 1480 2 2794 2110 635 2795 2796 2114
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CHEXA 1481 2 2796 2114 639 2797 2798 2118
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CHEXA 1482 2 2798 2118 643 2799 2800 2122
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CHEXA 1483 2 2800 2122 647 2801 2802 2126
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CHEXA 1484 2 2802 2126 651 2803 2804 2130

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CHEXA 1485 2 2804 2130 655 2805 2806 2134
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CHEXA 1486 2 2806 2134 659 2807 2808 2138
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CHEXA 1487 2 2808 2138 663 2809 2810 2142
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CHEXA 1488 2 2810 2142 667 2811 2812 2146
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CHEXA 1489 2 2812 2146 671 2813 2814 2150
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CHEXA 1490 2 2814 2150 675 2815 2816 2154
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CHEXA 1491 2 2816 2154 679 2817 2818 2158
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CHEXA 1492 2 2818 2158 683 2819 2820 2162
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CHEXA 1493 2 30 13 12 33 2822 1511
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CHEXA 1494 2 2822 1511 1510 2494 2823 1515
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CHEXA 1495 2 2823 1515 1514 2496 2824 1519
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CHEXA 1496 2 2824 1519 1518 2498 2825 1523
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CHEXA 1497 2 2825 1523 1522 2500 2826 1527
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CHEXA 1498 2 2826 1527 1526 2502 2827 1531
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CHEXA 1499 2 2827 1531 1530 2504 2828 1535
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CHEXA 1500 2 2828 1535 1534 2506 2829 1539
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CHEXA 1501 2 2829 1539 1538 2508 2830 1543
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CHEXA 1502 2 2830 1543 1542 2510 2831 1547
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CHEXA 1503 2 2831 1547 1546 2512 2832 1551
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CHEXA 1504 2 2832 1551 1550 2514 2833 1555
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CHEXA 1505 2 2833 1555 1554 2516 2834 1559
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CHEXA 1506 2 2834 1559 1558 2518 2835 1563
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CHEXA 1507 2 2835 1563 1562 2520 2836 1567
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CHEXA 1508 2 2836 1567 1566 2522 2837 1571
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CHEXA 1509 2 2837 1571 1570 2524 2838 1575
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CHEXA 1510 2 2838 1575 1574 2526 2839 1579
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CHEXA 1511 2 2839 1579 1578 2528 2840 1583
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CHEXA 1512 2 2840 1583 1582 2530 2841 1587
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CHEXA 1513 2 2841 1587 1586 2532 2842 1591
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CHEXA 1514 2 2842 1591 1590 2534 2843 1595
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CHEXA 1515 2 2843 1595 1594 2536 2844 1599
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CHEXA 1516 2 2844 1599 1598 2538 2845 1603
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CHEXA 1517 2 2845 1603 1602 2540 2846 1607
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CHEXA 1518 2 2846 1607 1606 2542 2847 1611
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CHEXA 1519 2 2847 1611 1610 2544 2848 1615
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CHEXA 1520 2 2848 1615 1614 2546 2849 1619
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CHEXA 1521 2 2849 1619 1618 2548 2850 1623
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CHEXA 1522 2 2850 1623 1622 2550 2851 1627
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CHEXA 1523 2 2851 1627 1626 2552 2852 1631
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CHEXA 1524 2 2852 1631 1630 2554 2853 1635
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CHEXA 1525 2 2853 1635 1634 2556 2854 1639
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CHEXA 1526 2 2854 1639 1638 2558 2855 1643
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CHEXA 1527 2 2855 1643 1642 2560 2856 1647
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CHEXA 1528 2 2856 1647 1646 2562 2857 1651
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CHEXA 1529 2 2857 1651 1650 2564 2858 1655
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CHEXA 1530 2 2858 1655 1654 2566 2859 1659
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CHEXA 1531 2 2859 1659 1658 2568 2860 1663
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CHEXA 1532 2 2860 1663 1662 2570 2861 1667
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CHEXA 1533 2 2861 1667 1666 2572 2862 1671
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CHEXA 1534 2 2862 1671 1670 2574 2863 1675
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CHEXA 1615 2 2863 1675 1674 2576 2944 1999
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CHEXA 1616 2 2944 1999 1998 2738 2945 2003
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CHEXA 1617 2 2945 2003 2002 2740 2946 2007
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CHEXA 1618 2 2946 2007 2006 2742 2947 2011
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CHEXA 1619 2 2947 2011 2010 2744 2948 2015
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CHEXA 1620 2 2948 2015 2014 2746 2949 2019
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CHEXA 1621 2 2949 2019 2018 2748 2950 2023
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CHEXA 1622 2 2950 2023 2022 2750 2951 2027
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CHEXA 1623 2 2951 2027 2026 2752 2952 2031
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CHEXA 1624 2 2952 2031 2030 2754 2953 2035
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CHEXA 1625 2 2953 2035 2034 2756 2954 2039
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CHEXA 1626 2 2954 2039 2038 2758 2955 2043
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CHEXA 1627 2 2955 2043 2042 2760 2956 2047
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CHEXA 1628 2 2956 2047 2046 2762 2957 2051
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CHEXA 1629 2 2957 2051 2050 2764 2958 2055
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CHEXA 1630 2 2958 2055 2054 2766 2959 2059
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CHEXA 1631 2 2959 2059 2058 2768 2960 2063
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CHEXA 1632 2 2960 2063 2062 2770 2961 2067
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CHEXA 1633 2 2961 2067 2066 2772 2962 2071

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CHEXA 1634 2 2962 2071 2070 2774 2963 2075
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CHEXA 1635 2 2963 2075 2074 2776 2964 2079
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CHEXA 1636 2 2964 2079 2078 2778 2965 2083
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CHEXA 1637 2 2965 2083 2082 2780 2966 2087
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CHEXA 1638 2 2966 2087 2086 2782 2967 2091
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CHEXA 1639 2 2967 2091 2090 2784 2968 2095
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CHEXA 1640 2 2968 2095 2094 2786 2969 2099
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CHEXA 1641 2 2969 2099 2098 2788 2970 2103
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CHEXA 1642 2 2970 2103 2102 2790 2971 2107
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CHEXA 1643 2 2971 2107 2106 2792 2972 2111
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CHEXA 1644 2 2972 2111 2110 2794 2973 2115
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CHEXA 1645 2 2973 2115 2114 2796 2974 2119
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CHEXA 1646 2 2974 2119 2118 2798 2975 2123
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CHEXA 1647 2 2975 2123 2122 2800 2976 2127
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CHEXA 1648 2 2976 2127 2126 2802 2977 2131
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CHEXA 1649 2 2977 2131 2130 2804 2978 2135
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CHEXA 1650 2 2978 2135 2134 2806 2979 2139
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CHEXA 1651 2 2979 2139 2138 2808 2980 2143
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CHEXA 1652 2 2980 2143 2142 2810 2981 2147
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CHEXA 1653 2 2981 2147 2146 2812 2982 2151
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CHEXA 1654 2 2982 2151 2150 2814 2983 2155
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CHEXA 1655 2 2983 2155 2154 2816 2984 2159
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CHEXA 1656 2 2984 2159 2158 2818 2985 2163
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CHEXA 1657 2 28 33 31 27 2986 2494
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CHEXA 1658 2 2986 2494 2495 2987 2988 2496
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CHEXA 1659 2 2988 2496 2497 2989 2990 2498
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CHEXA 1662 2 2994 2502 2503 2995 2996 2504
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CHEXA 1663 2 2996 2504 2505 2997 2998 2506
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CHEXA 1665 2 3000 2508 2509 3001 3002 2510
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CHEXA 1666 2 3002 2510 2511 3003 3004 2512
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CHEXA 1667 2 3004 2512 2513 3005 3006 2514
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CHEXA 1668 2 3006 2514 2515 3007 3008 2516
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CHEXA 1669 2 3008 2516 2517 3009 3010 2518
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CHEXA 1670 2 3010 2518 2519 3011 3012 2520
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CHEXA 1671 2 3012 2520 2521 3013 3014 2522
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CHEXA 1673 2 3016 2524 2525 3017 3018 2526
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CHEXA 1674 2 3018 2526 2527 3019 3020 2528
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CHEXA 1676 2 3022 2530 2531 3023 3024 2532
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CHEXA 1678 2 3026 2534 2535 3027 3028 2536
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CHEXA 1679 2 3028 2536 2537 3029 3030 2538
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CHEXA 1680 2 3030 2538 2539 3031 3032 2540
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CHEXA 1682 2 3034 2542 2543 3035 3036 2544
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CHEXA 1683 2 3036 2544 2545 3037 3038 2546
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CHEXA 1684 2 3038 2546 2547 3039 3040 2548
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CHEXA 1685 2 3040 2548 2549 3041 3042 2550
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CHEXA 1686 2 3042 2550 2551 3043 3044 2552
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CHEXA 1687 2 3044 2552 2553 3045 3046 2554
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CHEXA 1688 2 3046 2554 2555 3047 3048 2556
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CHEXA 1689 2 3048 2556 2557 3049 3050 2558
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CHEXA 1694 2 3058 2566 2567 3059 3060 2568
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CHEXA 1695 2 3060 2568 2569 3061 3062 2570
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CHEXA 1696 2 3062 2570 2571 3063 3064 2572
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CHEXA 1796 2 3262 2770 2771 3263 3264 2772
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CHEXA 1797 2 3264 2772 2773 3265 3266 2774
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CHEXA 1798 2 3266 2774 2775 3267 3268 2776
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CHEXA 1799 2 3268 2776 2777 3269 3270 2778
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CHEXA 1817 2 3304 2812 2813 3305 3306 2814
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CHEXA 1966 2 3458 2966 2782 3274 3459 2967
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CHEXA 1968 2 3460 2968 2786 3278 3461 2969
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CHEXA 1970 2 3462 2970 2790 3282 3463 2971
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CHEXA 1974 2 3466 2974 2798 3290 3467 2975
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CHEXA 1975 2 3467 2975 2800 3292 3468 2976
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+ 3792 4120
CHEXA 2635 2 3301 2809 3792 4120 3303 2811
+ 3794 4122
CHEXA 2636 2 3303 2811 3794 4122 3305 2813
+ 3796 4124
CHEXA 2637 2 3305 2813 3796 4124 3307 2815
+ 3798 4126
CHEXA 2638 2 3307 2815 3798 4126 3309 2817
+ 3800 4128
CHEXA 2639 2 3309 2817 3800 4128 3311 2819
+ 3802 4130
CHEXA 2640 2 3311 2819 3802 4130 3313 2821
+ 3804 4132
$
$HMMOVE 2
$ 17THRU 58 139THRU 222 303THRU 386
$ 467THRU 550 631THRU 714 795THRU 878
$ 959THRU 1042 1123THRU 1206 1287THRU 1370
$ 1451THRU 1534 1615THRU 1698 1779THRU 1862
$ 1943THRU 2026 2107THRU 2190 2271THRU 2354
$ 2435THRU 2518 2599THRU 2640
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP 2"Air" 2 "Air" 5
$HWCOLOR COMP 2 5
$
$HMNAME COMP 5"Piston"
$HWCOLOR COMP 5 8
$
$HMNAME COMP 6"absorber"
$HWCOLOR COMP 6 3
$
$
$HMDPRP
$ 17THRU 58 139THRU 222 303THRU 386
$ 467THRU 550 631THRU 714 795THRU 878
$ 959THRU 1042 1123THRU 1206 1287THRU 1370
$ 1451THRU 1534 1615THRU 1698 1779THRU 1862
$ 1943THRU 2026 2107THRU 2190 2271THRU 2354
$ 2435THRU 2518 2599THRU 2640 5627 5629 6116
$ 6122 6125 6520THRU 6521 6523 6528 6954 7220
$ 7647 7652 7945 7948 7955
$
$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$HMNAME PROP 1"tube" 4
$HWCOLOR PROP 1 52
PSHELL 1 20.1 2 2 0.0
$$

$$ PSOLID Data
$$
$HMNAME PROP 2"Air" 5
$HWCOLOR PROP 2 4
PSOLID 2 1 PFLUID
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$$
$HMNAME MAT 2"alum" "MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 2 3
MAT1 21.0+7 0.3 0.000254
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT 1"Air" "MAT10"
$HWCOLOR MAT 1 3
MAT10 1 1.21-7 13000.0
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh Commands for loadcollectors name and color information $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 2"spc"
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 8"Force"
$$
$$
$$
$$ FREQi cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 3"Freq"
$FREQ1 3 0.0 5.0 600
FREQ 3480.
$
$$
$$ RLOAD1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 6"Rload"
RLOAD1 6 8 7 0 VELO
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 7"Table"
+ 0.0 1.0 3000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 10"reactance"
+ 0.0 0.00154 3000.0 0.00154ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 11"Impedance"
+ 0.0 0.0 3000.0 0.0ENDT
$$
$$
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 9"Dload"
DLOAD 91.0 1.0 6
$$

$$ EIGRL cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 4"EigrlTube"
EIGRL 4 5 MASS
$HMNAME LOADCOL 5"EigrlAir"
EIGRL 5 30 MASS
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC1 12123456 6776 thru 6800
spcd 86776 3 1.0
spcd 86777 3 1.0
spcd 86778 3 1.0
spcd 86779 3 1.0
spcd 86780 3 1.0
spcd 86781 3 1.0
spcd 86782 3 1.0
spcd 86783 3 1.0
spcd 86784 3 1.0
spcd 86785 3 1.0
spcd 86786 3 1.0
spcd 86788 3 1.0
spcd 86789 3 1.0
spcd 86790 3 1.0
spcd 86791 3 1.0
spcd 86792 3 1.0
spcd 86793 3 1.0
spcd 86794 3 1.0
spcd 86795 3 1.0
spcd 86796 3 1.0
spcd 86797 3 1.0
spcd 86798 3 1.0
spcd 86799 3 1.0
spcd 86800 3 1.0
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA 8 6798 3-15.0
$$
$$
CAABSF 7957 5 689 688 687 686
CAABSF 7960 5 1017 689 686 1016
CAABSF 7964 5 1345 1344 688 689
CAABSF 7969 5 1509 1345 689 1017
CAABSF 7972 5 2165 2164 2163 2162
CAABSF 7977 5 688 2165 2162 687
CAABSF 7978 5 4133 3805 3804 4132
CAABSF 7980 5 2493 2492 2164 2165
CAABSF 7984 5 1344 2493 2165 688
CAABSF 7985 5 2821 687 2162 2820
CAABSF 7988 5 2820 2162 2163 2985
CAABSF 7990 5 3313 2821 2820 3312
CAABSF 7994 5 3312 2820 2985 3477
CAABSF 7996 5 3805 1016 686 3804
CAABSF 7998 5 3804 686 687 2821
CAABSF 8003 5 4132 3804 2821 3313
PAABSF 5 11 10
ENDDATA
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Data Definition for AutoDV $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$

$$ Design Variables Card for Control Perturbations $$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$ Domain Element Definitions $
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Nodeset Definitions $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Design domain node sets
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Control Perturbation $$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$
$$ CONTROL PERTURBATION Data
$$
ALTDOCTAG "0mjpRI@DXd^3_0ASnbi`;l;q6A23R@9_67hgW8R?OiZ]
Eq:PeN`À;WXh3ITgJeq5NZRd5jSHQK3X@:à12;n4qD_I^RYMo"
ADI0.1.0 2011-02-11T20:16:20 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
Comments
1. PAABSF is referenced by a CAABSF entry only.
2. If only one grid point is specified on the CAABSF entry, then the impedance Z(f) = ZR +
iZi is the total impedance at the point. If two grids are specified, then the impedance is
the impedance per unit length. If three or four points are specified, then the impedance
is the impedance per unit area. ZR(f) = TZREID(f) + B and Zi(f) = TZIMID(f) – K/(ω).
3. The resistance represents a damper quantity B. The reactance represents a quantity of

the type (ωM – K/ω). The impedance is defined as: Z = p/u where, p is the pressure and
u is the velocity.
4. The impedance scale factor S is used in computing element stiffness and damping terms
as:
5. To create a non-reflecting boundary, set the values of the TABLEDi entry referenced by
the TZREID field (Resistance-real part of Impedance) to be equal to

for all frequencies. This will allow the acoustic wave to propagate normally through the
boundary, without reflection. This condition is called the Sommerfeld boundary condition.
Where, is the density of the fluid and, is the speed of sound in the fluid.
6. This card is represented as a property in HyperMesh.

PACABS
Bulk Data Entry
PACABS – Frequency-Dependant Structural Acoustic Absorber Property
Description
Defines the properties of the structural acoustic absorber element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAC ABS PID SYNTH TID1 TID2 TID3 TESTAR C UTFR B
K M
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAC ABS 4 YES 3 4 5 1. 200.
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
SYNTH Request the calculation of B, K, and M from the specified tables TIDi.
Default = “YES” (Character = “YES” or “NO”)
TID1 Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the resistance.
TID2 Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the reactance.

Field Contents
TID3 Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the weighting function.
TESTAR Area of the test specimen.
CUTFR Cutoff frequency for tables referenced above.
(Real > 0.0)
B, K, M Equivalent damping, stiffness and mass values per unit area.
K and M (Real > 0.0), B (Real)
Input File - chacab.fem
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ $
$$ NASTRAN Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 8.0SR1 $
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Nastran Template Version : 8.0sr1
$$ $
$$ Template: general $
$$ $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Executive Control Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SOL 111
CEND
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SET 1 = 1734
DISPLACEMENT = 1
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP 1"Load2"
SUBCASE 1
LABEL= Load2
SPC = 4
FREQUENCY = 5
DLOAD = 2
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Bulk Data Cards $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
BEGIN BULK
$CHEXA 1056 2 1650 1661 1662 1651 1671 1682+

$+ 1683 1672

CHACAB 1056 100 1650 1645 1657 1658 1676 1675+
+ 1671 1672
PACABS,100,YES,1,2,3,1.5,10.0,2.0
PARAM,G,0.001
PARAM,COUPMASS,-1
PARAM,POST,-1
$ACMODL DIFF 0.1
$$
EIGRL,20,,,300
EIGRL,21,,,300
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID 1 2.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 2 2.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 3 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 4 2.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 5 2.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 6 2.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 7 2.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 8 2.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 9 2.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 10 1.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 11 1.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 12 1.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 13 1.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 14 1.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 15 1.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 16 1.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 17 1.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 18 1.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 19 1.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 20 1.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 21 1.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 22 1.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 23 1.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 24 1.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 25 1.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 26 1.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 27 1.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 28 0.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 29 0.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 30 0.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 31 0.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 32 0.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 33 0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 34 0.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 35 0.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 36 0.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 37 0.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 38 0.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 39 0.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 40 0.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 41 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 42 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 43 0.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 44 0.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 45 0.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 46 -0.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 47 -0.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 48 -0.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 49 -0.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 50 -0.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 51 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 52 -0.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 53 -0.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 54 -0.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 55 -1.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 56 -1.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 57 -1.0 1.0 0.0 -1

GRID 58 -1.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 59 -1.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 60 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 61 -1.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 62 -1.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 63 -1.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 64 -1.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 65 -1.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 66 -1.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 67 -1.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 68 -1.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 69 -1.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 70 -1.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 71 -1.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 72 -1.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 73 -2.0 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 74 -2.0 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 75 -2.0 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 76 -2.0 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 77 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 78 -2.0 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 79 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 80 -2.0 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 81 -2.0 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 82 2.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 83 2.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 84 2.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 85 2.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 86 2.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 87 2.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 88 2.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 89 2.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 90 2.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 91 -2.5 2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 92 -2.5 1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 93 -2.5 1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 94 -2.5 0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 95 -2.5 0.0 0.0 -1
GRID 96 -2.5 -0.5 0.0 -1
GRID 97 -2.5 -1.0 0.0 -1
GRID 98 -2.5 -1.5 0.0 -1
GRID 99 -2.5 -2.0 0.0 -1
GRID 100 2.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 101 2.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 102 2.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 103 2.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 104 1.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 105 1.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 106 1.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 107 1.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 108 0.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 109 0.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 110 0.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 111 0.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 112 -0.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 113 -0.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 114 -1.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 115 -1.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 116 -1.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 117 -1.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 118 -2.0 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 119 -2.0 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 120 -2.5 2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 121 -2.5 -2.5 0.0 -1
GRID 727 2.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 728 2.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 729 2.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 730 2.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 731 2.5 1.5 1.0 -1

GRID 732 2.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 733 2.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 734 2.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 735 2.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 736 2.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 737 2.5 -4.2E-191.0 -1
GRID 738 2.0 -6.5E-201.0 -1
GRID 739 2.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 740 2.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 741 2.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 742 2.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 743 2.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 744 2.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 745 2.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 746 2.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 747 2.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 748 2.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 749 1.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 750 1.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 751 1.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 752 1.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 753 1.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 754 1.5 -9.8E-211.0 -1
GRID 755 1.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 756 1.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 757 1.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 758 1.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 759 1.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 760 1.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 761 1.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 762 1.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 763 1.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 764 1.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 765 1.0 -1.5E-211.0 -1
GRID 766 1.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 767 1.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 768 1.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 769 1.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 770 1.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 771 0.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 772 0.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 773 0.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 774 0.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 775 0.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 776 0.5 -2.3E-221.0 -1
GRID 777 0.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 778 0.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 779 0.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 780 0.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 781 0.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 782 0.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 783 0.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 784 0.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 785 0.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 786 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 787 0.0 -3.5E-231.0 -1
GRID 788 0.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 789 0.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 790 0.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 791 0.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 792 0.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 793 -0.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 794 -0.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 795 -0.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 796 -0.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 797 -0.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 798 -0.5 -5.3E-241.0 -1
GRID 799 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 800 -0.5 -1.0 1.0 -1

GRID 801 -0.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 802 -0.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 803 -0.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 804 -1.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 805 -1.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 806 -1.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 807 -1.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 808 -1.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 809 -1.0 -8.1E-251.0 -1
GRID 810 -1.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 811 -1.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 812 -1.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 813 -1.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 814 -1.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 815 -1.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 816 -1.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 817 -1.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 818 -1.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 819 -1.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 820 -1.5 -9.3E-181.0 -1
GRID 821 -1.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 822 -1.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 823 -1.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 824 -1.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 825 -1.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 826 -2.0 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 827 -2.0 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 828 -2.0 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 829 -2.0 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 830 -2.0 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 831 -2.0 -2.0E-181.0 -1
GRID 832 -2.0 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 833 -2.0 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 834 -2.0 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 835 -2.0 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 836 -2.0 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 837 -2.5 2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 838 -2.5 2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 839 -2.5 1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 840 -2.5 1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 841 -2.5 0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 842 -2.5 -1.0E-181.0 -1
GRID 843 -2.5 -0.5 1.0 -1
GRID 844 -2.5 -1.0 1.0 -1
GRID 845 -2.5 -1.5 1.0 -1
GRID 846 -2.5 -2.0 1.0 -1
GRID 847 -2.5 -2.5 1.0 -1
GRID 848 2.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 849 2.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 850 2.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 851 2.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 852 2.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 853 2.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 854 2.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 855 2.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 856 2.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 857 2.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 858 2.5 -6.0E-192.0 -1
GRID 859 2.0 -1.2E-192.0 -1
GRID 860 2.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 861 2.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 862 2.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 863 2.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 864 2.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 865 2.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 866 2.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 867 2.0 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 868 2.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 869 2.0 -2.5 2.0 -1

GRID 870 1.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 871 1.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 872 1.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 873 1.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 874 1.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 875 1.5 -2.1E-202.0 -1
GRID 876 1.5 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 877 1.5 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 878 1.5 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 879 1.5 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 880 1.5 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 881 1.0 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 882 1.0 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 883 1.0 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 884 1.0 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 885 1.0 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 886 1.0 -3.8E-212.0 -1
GRID 887 1.0 -0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 888 1.0 -1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 889 1.0 -1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 890 1.0 -2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 891 1.0 -2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 892 0.5 2.0 2.0 -1
GRID 893 0.5 2.5 2.0 -1
GRID 894 0.5 1.5 2.0 -1
GRID 895 0.5 1.0 2.0 -1
GRID 896 0.5 0.5 2.0 -1
GRID 897 0.5 -6.7E-222.0 -1
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GRID 1344 1.5 0.5 0.0
GRID 1345 1.5 -1.9E-180.0
GRID 1346 1.5 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1347 1.5 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1348 1.5 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1349 1.5 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1350 1.0 2.0 0.0
GRID 1351 1.0 1.5 0.0
GRID 1352 1.0 1.0 0.0

GRID 1353 1.0 0.5 0.0
GRID 1354 1.0 -1.9E-180.0
GRID 1355 1.0 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1356 1.0 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1357 1.0 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1358 1.0 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1359 0.5 2.0 0.0
GRID 1360 0.5 1.5 0.0
GRID 1361 0.5 1.0 0.0
GRID 1362 0.5 0.5 0.0
GRID 1363 0.5 -1.9E-180.0
GRID 1364 0.5 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1365 0.5 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1366 0.5 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1367 0.5 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1368 -2.8E-182.0 0.0
GRID 1369 -2.8E-181.5 0.0
GRID 1370 -2.5E-181.0 0.0
GRID 1371 -2.8E-180.5 0.0
GRID 1372 -3.1E-18-1.7E-180.0
GRID 1373 -2.8E-18-0.5 0.0
GRID 1374 -3.1E-18-1.0 0.0
GRID 1375 -1.9E-18-1.5 0.0
GRID 1376 -2.8E-18-2.0 0.0
GRID 1377 -0.5 2.0 0.0
GRID 1378 -0.5 1.5 0.0
GRID 1379 -0.5 1.0 0.0
GRID 1380 -0.5 0.5 0.0
GRID 1381 -0.5 -1.7E-180.0
GRID 1382 -0.5 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1383 -0.5 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1384 -0.5 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1385 -0.5 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1386 -1.0 2.0 0.0
GRID 1387 -1.0 1.5 0.0
GRID 1388 -1.0 1.0 0.0
GRID 1389 -1.0 0.5 0.0
GRID 1390 -1.0 -1.9E-180.0
GRID 1391 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1392 -1.0 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1393 -1.0 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1394 -1.0 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1395 -1.5 2.0 0.0
GRID 1396 -1.5 1.5 0.0
GRID 1397 -1.5 1.0 0.0
GRID 1398 -1.5 0.5 0.0
GRID 1399 -1.5 -1.7E-180.0
GRID 1400 -1.5 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1401 -1.5 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1402 -1.5 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1403 -1.5 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1404 -2.0 2.0 0.0
GRID 1405 -2.0 1.5 0.0
GRID 1406 -2.0 1.0 0.0
GRID 1407 -2.0 0.5 0.0
GRID 1408 -2.0 -2.2E-180.0
GRID 1409 -2.0 -0.5 0.0
GRID 1410 -2.0 -1.0 0.0
GRID 1411 -2.0 -1.5 0.0
GRID 1412 -2.0 -2.0 0.0
GRID 1413 2.4964642.0 0.004472
GRID 1414 2.4964641.5 0.004472
GRID 1415 2.4964641.0 0.004472
GRID 1416 2.4964640.5 0.004472
GRID 1417 2.496464-2.6E-180.004472
GRID 1418 2.496464-0.5 0.004472
GRID 1419 2.496464-1.0 0.004472
GRID 1420 2.496464-1.5 0.004472
GRID 1421 2.496464-2.0 0.004472

GRID 1422 -2.496462.0 0.004472
GRID 1423 -2.496461.5 0.004472
GRID 1424 -2.496461.0 0.004472
GRID 1425 -2.496460.5 0.004472
GRID 1426 -2.49646-2.6E-180.004472
GRID 1427 -2.49646-0.5 0.004472
GRID 1428 -2.49646-1.0 0.004472
GRID 1429 -2.49646-1.5 0.004472
GRID 1430 -2.49646-2.0 0.004472
GRID 1431 2.4961522.4961520.005963
GRID 1432 2.496152-2.496150.005963
GRID 1433 2.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1434 2.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1435 1.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1436 1.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1437 1.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1438 1.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1439 0.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1440 0.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1441 -2.6E-182.4964640.004472
GRID 1442 -2.6E-18-2.496460.004472
GRID 1443 -0.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1444 -0.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1445 -1.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1446 -1.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1447 -1.5 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1448 -1.5 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1449 -2.0 2.4964640.004472
GRID 1450 -2.0 -2.496460.004472
GRID 1451 -2.496152.4961520.005963
GRID 1452 -2.49615-2.496150.005963
GRID 1453 -2.49615-2.496154.994037
GRID 1454 -2.49646-2.0 4.995528
GRID 1455 -2.49646-1.5 4.995528
GRID 1456 -2.49646-1.0 4.995528
GRID 1457 -2.49646-0.5 4.995528
GRID 1458 -2.496465.58E-174.995528
GRID 1459 -2.496460.5 4.995528
GRID 1460 -2.496461.0 4.995528
GRID 1461 -2.496461.5 4.995528
GRID 1462 -2.496152.4961524.994037
GRID 1463 -2.496462.0 4.995528
GRID 1464 -2.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1465 -2.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1466 -2.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1467 -2.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1468 -2.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1469 -2.0 1.05E-165.0
GRID 1470 -2.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1471 -2.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1472 -2.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1473 -2.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1474 -2.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1475 -1.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1476 -1.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1477 -1.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1478 -1.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1479 -1.5 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1480 -1.5 1.32E-165.0
GRID 1481 -1.5 0.5 5.0
GRID 1482 -1.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1483 -1.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1484 -1.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1485 -1.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1486 -1.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1487 -1.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1488 -1.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1489 -1.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1493 -1.0 1.0 5.0

GRID 1494 -1.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1495 -1.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1496 -1.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1497 -0.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1498 -0.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1499 -0.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1500 -0.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1504 -0.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1505 -0.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1506 -0.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1507 -0.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1508 -1.0E-16-2.496464.995528
GRID 1509 -1.1E-17-2.0 5.0
GRID 1510 2.04E-16-1.5 5.0
GRID 1511 2.61E-16-1.0 5.0
GRID 1515 -1.2E-161.0 5.0
GRID 1516 -1.4E-161.5 5.0
GRID 1517 -2.4E-162.4964644.995528
GRID 1518 -2.4E-162.0 5.0
GRID 1519 0.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1520 0.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1521 0.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1522 0.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1526 0.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1527 0.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1528 0.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1529 0.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1530 1.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1531 1.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1532 1.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1533 1.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1534 1.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1535 1.0 -3.0E-165.0
GRID 1536 1.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1537 1.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1538 1.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1539 1.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1540 1.0 2.0 5.0
GRID 1541 1.5 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1542 1.5 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1543 1.5 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1544 1.5 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1545 1.5 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1546 1.5 -2.8E-165.0
GRID 1547 1.5 0.5 5.0
GRID 1548 1.5 1.0 5.0
GRID 1549 1.5 1.5 5.0
GRID 1550 1.5 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1551 1.5 2.0 5.0
GRID 1552 2.0 -2.496464.995528
GRID 1553 2.496152-2.496154.994037
GRID 1554 2.0 -2.0 5.0
GRID 1555 2.496464-2.0 4.995528
GRID 1556 2.0 -1.5 5.0
GRID 1557 2.496464-1.5 4.995528
GRID 1558 2.0 -1.0 5.0
GRID 1559 2.496464-1.0 4.995528
GRID 1560 2.0 -0.5 5.0
GRID 1561 2.496464-0.5 4.995528
GRID 1562 2.0 -2.4E-165.0
GRID 1563 2.496464-1.8E-164.995528
GRID 1564 2.0 0.5 5.0
GRID 1565 2.4964640.5 4.995528
GRID 1566 2.0 1.0 5.0
GRID 1567 2.4964641.0 4.995528
GRID 1568 2.0 1.5 5.0
GRID 1569 2.4964641.5 4.995528
GRID 1570 2.0 2.4964644.995528
GRID 1571 2.0 2.0 5.0

GRID 1572 2.4964642.0 4.995528
GRID 1573 2.4961522.4961524.994037
GRID 1574 -2.49776-2.497764.0
GRID 1575 -2.5 -2.0 4.0
GRID 1576 -2.5 -1.5 4.0
GRID 1577 -2.5 -1.0 4.0
GRID 1578 -2.5 -0.5 4.0
GRID 1579 -2.5 1.07E-164.0
GRID 1580 -2.5 0.5 4.0
GRID 1581 -2.5 1.0 4.0
GRID 1582 -2.5 1.5 4.0
GRID 1583 -2.497762.4977644.0
GRID 1584 -2.5 2.0 4.0
GRID 1585 -2.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1586 -2.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1587 -1.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1588 -1.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1589 -1.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1590 -1.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1591 -0.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1592 -0.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1593 -2.5E-16-2.5 4.0
GRID 1594 -2.3E-162.5 4.0
GRID 1595 0.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1596 0.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1597 1.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1598 1.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1599 1.5 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1600 1.5 2.5 4.0
GRID 1601 2.0 -2.5 4.0
GRID 1602 2.497764-2.497764.0
GRID 1603 2.5 -2.0 4.0
GRID 1604 2.5 -1.5 4.0
GRID 1605 2.5 -1.0 4.0
GRID 1606 2.5 -0.5 4.0
GRID 1607 2.5 -1.0E-164.0
GRID 1608 2.5 0.5 4.0
GRID 1609 2.5 1.0 4.0
GRID 1610 2.5 1.5 4.0
GRID 1611 2.0 2.5 4.0
GRID 1612 2.5 2.0 4.0
GRID 1613 2.4977642.4977644.0
GRID 1614 -2.49776-2.497763.0
GRID 1615 -2.5 -2.0 3.0
GRID 1616 -2.5 -1.5 3.0
GRID 1617 -2.5 -1.0 3.0
GRID 1618 -2.5 -0.5 3.0
GRID 1619 -2.5 -5.4E-183.0
GRID 1620 -2.5 0.5 3.0
GRID 1621 -2.5 1.0 3.0
GRID 1622 -2.5 1.5 3.0
GRID 1623 -2.497762.4977643.0
GRID 1624 -2.5 2.0 3.0
GRID 1625 -2.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1626 -2.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1627 -1.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1628 -1.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1629 -1.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1630 -1.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1631 -0.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1632 -0.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1633 -2.9E-18-2.5 3.0
GRID 1634 -3.1E-182.5 3.0
GRID 1635 0.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1636 0.5 2.5 3.0
GRID 1637 1.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1638 1.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1639 1.5 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1640 1.5 2.5 3.0

GRID 1641 2.0 -2.5 3.0
GRID 1642 2.497764-2.497763.0
GRID 1643 2.5 -2.0 3.0
GRID 1644 2.5 -1.5 3.0
GRID 1645 2.5 -1.0 3.0
GRID 1646 2.5 -0.5 3.0
GRID 1647 2.5 -3.4E-183.0
GRID 1648 2.5 0.5 3.0
GRID 1649 2.5 1.0 3.0
GRID 1650 2.5 1.5 3.0
GRID 1651 2.0 2.5 3.0
GRID 1652 2.5 2.0 3.0
GRID 1653 2.4977642.4977643.0
GRID 1654 -2.49776-2.497762.0
GRID 1655 -2.5 -2.0 2.0
GRID 1656 -2.5 -1.5 2.0
GRID 1657 -2.5 -1.0 2.0
GRID 1658 -2.5 -0.5 2.0
GRID 1659 -2.5 -5.0E-182.0
GRID 1660 -2.5 0.5 2.0
GRID 1661 -2.5 1.0 2.0
GRID 1662 -2.5 1.5 2.0
GRID 1663 -2.497762.4977642.0
GRID 1664 -2.5 2.0 2.0
GRID 1665 -2.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1666 -2.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1667 -1.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1668 -1.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1669 -1.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1670 -1.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1671 -0.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1672 -0.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1673 -2.5E-18-2.5 2.0
GRID 1674 -2.5E-182.5 2.0
GRID 1675 0.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1676 0.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1677 1.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1678 1.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1679 1.5 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1680 1.5 2.5 2.0
GRID 1681 2.0 -2.5 2.0
GRID 1682 2.497764-2.497762.0
GRID 1683 2.5 -2.0 2.0
GRID 1684 2.5 -1.5 2.0
GRID 1685 2.5 -1.0 2.0
GRID 1686 2.5 -0.5 2.0
GRID 1687 2.5 -3.1E-182.0
GRID 1688 2.5 0.5 2.0
GRID 1689 2.5 1.0 2.0
GRID 1690 2.5 1.5 2.0
GRID 1691 2.0 2.5 2.0
GRID 1692 2.5 2.0 2.0
GRID 1693 2.4977642.4977642.0
GRID 1694 -2.49776-2.497761.0
GRID 1695 -2.5 -2.0 1.0
GRID 1696 -2.5 -1.5 1.0
GRID 1697 -2.5 -1.0 1.0
GRID 1698 -2.5 -0.5 1.0
GRID 1699 -2.5 -3.5E-181.0
GRID 1700 -2.5 0.5 1.0
GRID 1701 -2.5 1.0 1.0
GRID 1702 -2.5 1.5 1.0
GRID 1703 -2.497762.4977641.0
GRID 1704 -2.5 2.0 1.0
GRID 1705 -2.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1706 -2.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1707 -1.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1708 -1.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1709 -1.0 -2.5 1.0

GRID 1710 -1.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1711 -0.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1712 -0.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1713 -2.5E-18-2.5 1.0
GRID 1714 -2.5E-182.5 1.0
GRID 1715 0.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1716 0.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1717 1.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1718 1.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1719 1.5 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1720 1.5 2.5 1.0
GRID 1721 2.0 -2.5 1.0
GRID 1722 2.497764-2.497761.0
GRID 1723 2.5 -2.0 1.0
GRID 1724 2.5 -1.5 1.0
GRID 1725 2.5 -1.0 1.0
GRID 1726 2.5 -0.5 1.0
GRID 1727 2.5 -2.9E-181.0
GRID 1728 2.5 0.5 1.0
GRID 1729 2.5 1.0 1.0
GRID 1730 2.5 1.5 1.0
GRID 1731 2.0 2.5 1.0
GRID 1732 2.5 2.0 1.0
GRID 1733 2.4977642.4977641.0
GRID 1734 -0.25 3.33E-165.0
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Group Definitions $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ RBE2 Elements - Multiple dependent nodes
$$
RBE2 1553 1734 123456 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482+
+ 1489 1493 1500 1504 1511 1515 1522 1526+
+ 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537
$
$HMMOVE 6
$ 1553
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4 1101 4 1332 1341 1342 1333
CQUAD4 1102 4 1333 1342 1343 1334
CQUAD4 1103 4 1334 1343 1344 1335
CQUAD4 1104 4 1335 1344 1345 1336
CQUAD4 1105 4 1336 1345 1346 1337
CQUAD4 1106 4 1337 1346 1347 1338
CQUAD4 1107 4 1338 1347 1348 1339
CQUAD4 1108 4 1339 1348 1349 1340
CQUAD4 1109 4 1341 1350 1351 1342
CQUAD4 1110 4 1342 1351 1352 1343
CQUAD4 1111 4 1343 1352 1353 1344
CQUAD4 1112 4 1344 1353 1354 1345
CQUAD4 1113 4 1345 1354 1355 1346
CQUAD4 1114 4 1346 1355 1356 1347
CQUAD4 1115 4 1347 1356 1357 1348
CQUAD4 1116 4 1348 1357 1358 1349
CQUAD4 1117 4 1350 1359 1360 1351
CQUAD4 1118 4 1351 1360 1361 1352
CQUAD4 1119 4 1352 1361 1362 1353
CQUAD4 1120 4 1353 1362 1363 1354
CQUAD4 1121 4 1354 1363 1364 1355
CQUAD4 1122 4 1355 1364 1365 1356
CQUAD4 1123 4 1356 1365 1366 1357
CQUAD4 1124 4 1357 1366 1367 1358
CQUAD4 1125 4 1359 1368 1369 1360

CQUAD4 1126 4 1360 1369 1370 1361
CQUAD4 1127 4 1361 1370 1371 1362
CQUAD4 1128 4 1362 1371 1372 1363
CQUAD4 1129 4 1363 1372 1373 1364
CQUAD4 1130 4 1364 1373 1374 1365
CQUAD4 1131 4 1365 1374 1375 1366
CQUAD4 1132 4 1366 1375 1376 1367
CQUAD4 1133 4 1368 1377 1378 1369
CQUAD4 1134 4 1369 1378 1379 1370
CQUAD4 1135 4 1370 1379 1380 1371
CQUAD4 1136 4 1371 1380 1381 1372
CQUAD4 1137 4 1372 1381 1382 1373
CQUAD4 1138 4 1373 1382 1383 1374
CQUAD4 1139 4 1374 1383 1384 1375
CQUAD4 1140 4 1375 1384 1385 1376
CQUAD4 1141 4 1377 1386 1387 1378
CQUAD4 1142 4 1378 1387 1388 1379
CQUAD4 1143 4 1379 1388 1389 1380
CQUAD4 1144 4 1380 1389 1390 1381
CQUAD4 1145 4 1381 1390 1391 1382
CQUAD4 1146 4 1382 1391 1392 1383
CQUAD4 1147 4 1383 1392 1393 1384
CQUAD4 1148 4 1384 1393 1394 1385
CQUAD4 1149 4 1386 1395 1396 1387
CQUAD4 1150 4 1387 1396 1397 1388
CQUAD4 1151 4 1388 1397 1398 1389
CQUAD4 1152 4 1389 1398 1399 1390
CQUAD4 1153 4 1390 1399 1400 1391
CQUAD4 1154 4 1391 1400 1401 1392
CQUAD4 1155 4 1392 1401 1402 1393
CQUAD4 1156 4 1393 1402 1403 1394
CQUAD4 1157 4 1395 1404 1405 1396
CQUAD4 1158 4 1396 1405 1406 1397
CQUAD4 1159 4 1397 1406 1407 1398
CQUAD4 1160 4 1398 1407 1408 1399
CQUAD4 1161 4 1399 1408 1409 1400
CQUAD4 1162 4 1400 1409 1410 1401
CQUAD4 1163 4 1401 1410 1411 1402
CQUAD4 1164 4 1402 1411 1412 1403
CQUAD4 1165 4 1413 1332 1333 1414
CQUAD4 1166 4 1414 1333 1334 1415
CQUAD4 1167 4 1415 1334 1335 1416
CQUAD4 1168 4 1416 1335 1336 1417
CQUAD4 1169 4 1417 1336 1337 1418
CQUAD4 1170 4 1418 1337 1338 1419
CQUAD4 1171 4 1419 1338 1339 1420
CQUAD4 1172 4 1420 1339 1340 1421
CQUAD4 1173 4 1404 1422 1423 1405
CQUAD4 1174 4 1405 1423 1424 1406
CQUAD4 1175 4 1406 1424 1425 1407
CQUAD4 1176 4 1407 1425 1426 1408
CQUAD4 1177 4 1408 1426 1427 1409
CQUAD4 1178 4 1409 1427 1428 1410
CQUAD4 1179 4 1410 1428 1429 1411
CQUAD4 1180 4 1411 1429 1430 1412
CQUAD4 1181 4 1431 1433 1332 1413
CQUAD4 1182 4 1433 1435 1341 1332
CQUAD4 1183 4 1421 1340 1434 1432
CQUAD4 1184 4 1340 1349 1436 1434
CQUAD4 1185 4 1435 1437 1350 1341
CQUAD4 1186 4 1349 1358 1438 1436
CQUAD4 1187 4 1437 1439 1359 1350
CQUAD4 1188 4 1358 1367 1440 1438
CQUAD4 1189 4 1439 1441 1368 1359
CQUAD4 1190 4 1367 1376 1442 1440
CQUAD4 1191 4 1441 1443 1377 1368
CQUAD4 1192 4 1376 1385 1444 1442
CQUAD4 1193 4 1443 1445 1386 1377
CQUAD4 1194 4 1385 1394 1446 1444

CQUAD4 1195 4 1445 1447 1395 1386
CQUAD4 1196 4 1394 1403 1448 1446
CQUAD4 1197 4 1447 1449 1404 1395
CQUAD4 1198 4 1403 1412 1450 1448
CQUAD4 1199 4 1449 1451 1422 1404
CQUAD4 1200 4 1412 1430 1452 1450
CQUAD4 1201 4 1431 1733 1731 1433
CQUAD4 1202 4 1413 1732 1733 1431
CQUAD4 1203 4 1414 1730 1732 1413
CQUAD4 1204 4 1433 1731 1720 1435
CQUAD4 1205 4 1415 1729 1730 1414
CQUAD4 1206 4 1416 1728 1729 1415
CQUAD4 1207 4 1417 1727 1728 1416
CQUAD4 1208 4 1418 1726 1727 1417
CQUAD4 1209 4 1419 1725 1726 1418
CQUAD4 1210 4 1420 1724 1725 1419
CQUAD4 1211 4 1421 1723 1724 1420
CQUAD4 1212 4 1432 1722 1723 1421
CQUAD4 1213 4 1434 1721 1722 1432
CQUAD4 1214 4 1436 1719 1721 1434
CQUAD4 1215 4 1435 1720 1718 1437
CQUAD4 1216 4 1438 1717 1719 1436
CQUAD4 1217 4 1437 1718 1716 1439
CQUAD4 1218 4 1440 1715 1717 1438
CQUAD4 1219 4 1439 1716 1714 1441
CQUAD4 1220 4 1442 1713 1715 1440
CQUAD4 1221 4 1441 1714 1712 1443
CQUAD4 1222 4 1444 1711 1713 1442
CQUAD4 1223 4 1443 1712 1710 1445
CQUAD4 1224 4 1446 1709 1711 1444
CQUAD4 1225 4 1445 1710 1708 1447
CQUAD4 1226 4 1448 1707 1709 1446
CQUAD4 1227 4 1447 1708 1706 1449
CQUAD4 1228 4 1450 1705 1707 1448
CQUAD4 1229 4 1449 1706 1703 1451
CQUAD4 1230 4 1452 1694 1705 1450
CQUAD4 1231 4 1451 1703 1704 1422
CQUAD4 1232 4 1422 1704 1702 1423
CQUAD4 1233 4 1423 1702 1701 1424
CQUAD4 1234 4 1424 1701 1700 1425
CQUAD4 1235 4 1425 1700 1699 1426
CQUAD4 1236 4 1426 1699 1698 1427
CQUAD4 1237 4 1427 1698 1697 1428
CQUAD4 1238 4 1428 1697 1696 1429
CQUAD4 1239 4 1429 1696 1695 1430
CQUAD4 1240 4 1430 1695 1694 1452
CQUAD4 1241 4 1732 1692 1693 1733
CQUAD4 1242 4 1733 1693 1691 1731
CQUAD4 1243 4 1730 1690 1692 1732
CQUAD4 1244 4 1731 1691 1680 1720
CQUAD4 1245 4 1729 1689 1690 1730
CQUAD4 1246 4 1728 1688 1689 1729
CQUAD4 1247 4 1727 1687 1688 1728
CQUAD4 1248 4 1726 1686 1687 1727
CQUAD4 1249 4 1725 1685 1686 1726
CQUAD4 1250 4 1724 1684 1685 1725
CQUAD4 1251 4 1723 1683 1684 1724
CQUAD4 1252 4 1722 1682 1683 1723
CQUAD4 1253 4 1721 1681 1682 1722
CQUAD4 1254 4 1719 1679 1681 1721
CQUAD4 1255 4 1720 1680 1678 1718
CQUAD4 1256 4 1717 1677 1679 1719
CQUAD4 1257 4 1718 1678 1676 1716
CQUAD4 1258 4 1715 1675 1677 1717
CQUAD4 1259 4 1716 1676 1674 1714
CQUAD4 1260 4 1713 1673 1675 1715
CQUAD4 1261 4 1714 1674 1672 1712
CQUAD4 1262 4 1711 1671 1673 1713
CQUAD4 1263 4 1712 1672 1670 1710

CQUAD4 1264 4 1709 1669 1671 1711
CQUAD4 1265 4 1710 1670 1668 1708
CQUAD4 1266 4 1707 1667 1669 1709
CQUAD4 1267 4 1708 1668 1666 1706
CQUAD4 1268 4 1705 1665 1667 1707
CQUAD4 1269 4 1706 1666 1663 1703
CQUAD4 1270 4 1694 1654 1665 1705
CQUAD4 1271 4 1703 1663 1664 1704
CQUAD4 1272 4 1704 1664 1662 1702
CQUAD4 1273 4 1702 1662 1661 1701
CQUAD4 1274 4 1701 1661 1660 1700
CQUAD4 1275 4 1700 1660 1659 1699
CQUAD4 1276 4 1699 1659 1658 1698
CQUAD4 1277 4 1698 1658 1657 1697
CQUAD4 1278 4 1697 1657 1656 1696
CQUAD4 1279 4 1696 1656 1655 1695
CQUAD4 1280 4 1695 1655 1654 1694
CQUAD4 1281 4 1692 1652 1653 1693
CQUAD4 1282 4 1693 1653 1651 1691
CQUAD4 1283 4 1690 1650 1652 1692
CQUAD4 1284 4 1691 1651 1640 1680
CQUAD4 1285 4 1689 1649 1650 1690
CQUAD4 1286 4 1688 1648 1649 1689
CQUAD4 1287 4 1687 1647 1648 1688
CQUAD4 1288 4 1686 1646 1647 1687
CQUAD4 1289 4 1685 1645 1646 1686
CQUAD4 1290 4 1684 1644 1645 1685
CQUAD4 1291 4 1683 1643 1644 1684
CQUAD4 1292 4 1682 1642 1643 1683
CQUAD4 1293 4 1681 1641 1642 1682
CQUAD4 1294 4 1679 1639 1641 1681
CQUAD4 1295 4 1680 1640 1638 1678
CQUAD4 1296 4 1677 1637 1639 1679
CQUAD4 1297 4 1678 1638 1636 1676
CQUAD4 1298 4 1675 1635 1637 1677
CQUAD4 1299 4 1676 1636 1634 1674
CQUAD4 1300 4 1673 1633 1635 1675
CQUAD4 1301 4 1674 1634 1632 1672
CQUAD4 1302 4 1671 1631 1633 1673
CQUAD4 1303 4 1672 1632 1630 1670
CQUAD4 1304 4 1669 1629 1631 1671
CQUAD4 1305 4 1670 1630 1628 1668
CQUAD4 1306 4 1667 1627 1629 1669
CQUAD4 1307 4 1668 1628 1626 1666
CQUAD4 1308 4 1665 1625 1627 1667
CQUAD4 1309 4 1666 1626 1623 1663
CQUAD4 1310 4 1654 1614 1625 1665
CQUAD4 1311 4 1663 1623 1624 1664
CQUAD4 1312 4 1664 1624 1622 1662
CQUAD4 1313 4 1662 1622 1621 1661
CQUAD4 1314 4 1661 1621 1620 1660
CQUAD4 1315 4 1660 1620 1619 1659
CQUAD4 1316 4 1659 1619 1618 1658
CQUAD4 1317 4 1658 1618 1617 1657
CQUAD4 1318 4 1657 1617 1616 1656
CQUAD4 1319 4 1656 1616 1615 1655
CQUAD4 1320 4 1655 1615 1614 1654
CQUAD4 1321 4 1652 1612 1613 1653
CQUAD4 1322 4 1653 1613 1611 1651
CQUAD4 1323 4 1650 1610 1612 1652
CQUAD4 1324 4 1651 1611 1600 1640
CQUAD4 1325 4 1649 1609 1610 1650
CQUAD4 1326 4 1648 1608 1609 1649
CQUAD4 1327 4 1647 1607 1608 1648
CQUAD4 1328 4 1646 1606 1607 1647
CQUAD4 1329 4 1645 1605 1606 1646
CQUAD4 1330 4 1644 1604 1605 1645
CQUAD4 1331 4 1643 1603 1604 1644
CQUAD4 1332 4 1642 1602 1603 1643

CQUAD4 1333 4 1641 1601 1602 1642
CQUAD4 1334 4 1639 1599 1601 1641
CQUAD4 1335 4 1640 1600 1598 1638
CQUAD4 1336 4 1637 1597 1599 1639
CQUAD4 1337 4 1638 1598 1596 1636
CQUAD4 1338 4 1635 1595 1597 1637
CQUAD4 1339 4 1636 1596 1594 1634
CQUAD4 1340 4 1633 1593 1595 1635
CQUAD4 1341 4 1634 1594 1592 1632
CQUAD4 1342 4 1631 1591 1593 1633
CQUAD4 1343 4 1632 1592 1590 1630
CQUAD4 1344 4 1629 1589 1591 1631
CQUAD4 1345 4 1630 1590 1588 1628
CQUAD4 1346 4 1627 1587 1589 1629
CQUAD4 1347 4 1628 1588 1586 1626
CQUAD4 1348 4 1625 1585 1587 1627
CQUAD4 1349 4 1626 1586 1583 1623
CQUAD4 1350 4 1614 1574 1585 1625
CQUAD4 1351 4 1623 1583 1584 1624
CQUAD4 1352 4 1624 1584 1582 1622
CQUAD4 1353 4 1622 1582 1581 1621
CQUAD4 1354 4 1621 1581 1580 1620
CQUAD4 1355 4 1620 1580 1579 1619
CQUAD4 1356 4 1619 1579 1578 1618
CQUAD4 1357 4 1618 1578 1577 1617
CQUAD4 1358 4 1617 1577 1576 1616
CQUAD4 1359 4 1616 1576 1575 1615
CQUAD4 1360 4 1615 1575 1574 1614
CQUAD4 1361 4 1612 1572 1573 1613
CQUAD4 1362 4 1613 1573 1570 1611
CQUAD4 1363 4 1610 1569 1572 1612
CQUAD4 1364 4 1572 1571 1570 1573
CQUAD4 1365 4 1611 1570 1550 1600
CQUAD4 1366 4 1569 1568 1571 1572
CQUAD4 1367 4 1609 1567 1569 1610
CQUAD4 1368 4 1567 1566 1568 1569
CQUAD4 1369 4 1608 1565 1567 1609
CQUAD4 1370 4 1565 1564 1566 1567
CQUAD4 1371 4 1607 1563 1565 1608
CQUAD4 1372 4 1563 1562 1564 1565
CQUAD4 1373 4 1606 1561 1563 1607
CQUAD4 1374 4 1561 1560 1562 1563
CQUAD4 1375 4 1605 1559 1561 1606
CQUAD4 1376 4 1559 1558 1560 1561
CQUAD4 1377 4 1604 1557 1559 1605
CQUAD4 1378 4 1557 1556 1558 1559
CQUAD4 1379 4 1603 1555 1557 1604
CQUAD4 1380 4 1555 1554 1556 1557
CQUAD4 1381 4 1602 1553 1555 1603
CQUAD4 1382 4 1601 1552 1553 1602
CQUAD4 1383 4 1553 1552 1554 1555
CQUAD4 1384 4 1599 1541 1552 1601
CQUAD4 1385 4 1571 1551 1550 1570
CQUAD4 1386 4 1568 1549 1551 1571
CQUAD4 1387 4 1600 1550 1539 1598
CQUAD4 1388 4 1566 1548 1549 1568
CQUAD4 1389 4 1564 1547 1548 1566
CQUAD4 1390 4 1562 1546 1547 1564
CQUAD4 1391 4 1560 1545 1546 1562
CQUAD4 1392 4 1558 1544 1545 1560
CQUAD4 1393 4 1556 1543 1544 1558
CQUAD4 1394 4 1554 1542 1543 1556
CQUAD4 1395 4 1552 1541 1542 1554
CQUAD4 1396 4 1597 1530 1541 1599
CQUAD4 1397 4 1551 1540 1539 1550
CQUAD4 1398 4 1549 1538 1540 1551
CQUAD4 1399 4 1598 1539 1528 1596
CQUAD4 1400 4 1548 1537 1538 1549
CQUAD4 1401 4 1547 1536 1537 1548

CQUAD4 1402 4 1546 1535 1536 1547
CQUAD4 1403 4 1545 1534 1535 1546
CQUAD4 1404 4 1544 1533 1534 1545
CQUAD4 1405 4 1543 1532 1533 1544
CQUAD4 1406 4 1542 1531 1532 1543
CQUAD4 1407 4 1541 1530 1531 1542
CQUAD4 1408 4 1595 1519 1530 1597
CQUAD4 1409 4 1540 1529 1528 1539
CQUAD4 1410 4 1538 1527 1529 1540
CQUAD4 1411 4 1596 1528 1517 1594
CQUAD4 1412 4 1537 1526 1527 1538
CQUAD4 1417 4 1532 1521 1522 1533
CQUAD4 1418 4 1531 1520 1521 1532
CQUAD4 1419 4 1530 1519 1520 1531
CQUAD4 1420 4 1593 1508 1519 1595
CQUAD4 1421 4 1529 1518 1517 1528
CQUAD4 1422 4 1527 1516 1518 1529
CQUAD4 1423 4 1594 1517 1506 1592
CQUAD4 1424 4 1526 1515 1516 1527
CQUAD4 1429 4 1521 1510 1511 1522
CQUAD4 1430 4 1520 1509 1510 1521
CQUAD4 1431 4 1519 1508 1509 1520
CQUAD4 1432 4 1591 1497 1508 1593
CQUAD4 1433 4 1518 1507 1506 1517
CQUAD4 1434 4 1516 1505 1507 1518
CQUAD4 1435 4 1592 1506 1495 1590
CQUAD4 1436 4 1515 1504 1505 1516
CQUAD4 1441 4 1510 1499 1500 1511
CQUAD4 1442 4 1509 1498 1499 1510
CQUAD4 1443 4 1508 1497 1498 1509
CQUAD4 1444 4 1589 1486 1497 1591
CQUAD4 1445 4 1507 1496 1495 1506
CQUAD4 1446 4 1505 1494 1496 1507
CQUAD4 1447 4 1590 1495 1484 1588
CQUAD4 1448 4 1504 1493 1494 1505
CQUAD4 1453 4 1499 1488 1489 1500
CQUAD4 1454 4 1498 1487 1488 1499
CQUAD4 1455 4 1497 1486 1487 1498
CQUAD4 1456 4 1587 1475 1486 1589
CQUAD4 1457 4 1496 1485 1484 1495
CQUAD4 1458 4 1494 1483 1485 1496
CQUAD4 1459 4 1588 1484 1473 1586
CQUAD4 1460 4 1493 1482 1483 1494
CQUAD4 1465 4 1488 1477 1478 1489
CQUAD4 1466 4 1487 1476 1477 1488
CQUAD4 1467 4 1486 1475 1476 1487
CQUAD4 1468 4 1585 1464 1475 1587
CQUAD4 1469 4 1485 1474 1473 1484
CQUAD4 1470 4 1483 1472 1474 1485
CQUAD4 1471 4 1586 1473 1462 1583
CQUAD4 1472 4 1482 1471 1472 1483
CQUAD4 1473 4 1481 1470 1471 1482
CQUAD4 1474 4 1480 1469 1470 1481
CQUAD4 1475 4 1479 1468 1469 1480
CQUAD4 1476 4 1478 1467 1468 1479
CQUAD4 1477 4 1477 1466 1467 1478
CQUAD4 1478 4 1476 1465 1466 1477
CQUAD4 1479 4 1475 1464 1465 1476
CQUAD4 1480 4 1574 1453 1464 1585
CQUAD4 1481 4 1583 1462 1463 1584
CQUAD4 1482 4 1474 1463 1462 1473
CQUAD4 1483 4 1584 1463 1461 1582
CQUAD4 1484 4 1472 1461 1463 1474
CQUAD4 1485 4 1582 1461 1460 1581
CQUAD4 1486 4 1471 1460 1461 1472
CQUAD4 1487 4 1581 1460 1459 1580
CQUAD4 1488 4 1470 1459 1460 1471
CQUAD4 1489 4 1580 1459 1458 1579
CQUAD4 1490 4 1469 1458 1459 1470

CQUAD4 1491 4 1579 1458 1457 1578
CQUAD4 1492 4 1468 1457 1458 1469
CQUAD4 1493 4 1578 1457 1456 1577
CQUAD4 1494 4 1467 1456 1457 1468
CQUAD4 1495 4 1577 1456 1455 1576
CQUAD4 1496 4 1466 1455 1456 1467
CQUAD4 1497 4 1576 1455 1454 1575
CQUAD4 1498 4 1465 1454 1455 1466
CQUAD4 1499 4 1575 1454 1453 1574
CQUAD4 1500 4 1464 1453 1454 1465
$
$
CHEXA 601 1 100 102 1 82 727 730+
+ 729 728
CHEXA 602 1 82 1 2 83 728 729+
+ 732 731
CHEXA 603 1 83 2 3 84 731 732+
+ 734 733
CHEXA 604 1 84 3 4 85 733 734+
+ 736 735
CHEXA 605 1 85 4 5 86 735 736+
+ 738 737
CHEXA 606 1 86 5 6 87 737 738+
+ 740 739
CHEXA 607 1 87 6 7 88 739 740+
+ 742 741
CHEXA 608 1 88 7 8 89 741 742+
+ 744 743
CHEXA 609 1 89 8 9 90 743 744+
+ 746 745
CHEXA 610 1 90 9 103 101 745 746+
+ 748 747
CHEXA 611 1 102 104 10 1 730 750+
+ 749 729
CHEXA 612 1 1 10 11 2 729 749+
+ 751 732
CHEXA 613 1 2 11 12 3 732 751+
+ 752 734
CHEXA 614 1 3 12 13 4 734 752+
+ 753 736
CHEXA 615 1 4 13 14 5 736 753+
+ 754 738
CHEXA 616 1 5 14 15 6 738 754+
+ 755 740
CHEXA 617 1 6 15 16 7 740 755+
+ 756 742
CHEXA 618 1 7 16 17 8 742 756+
+ 757 744
CHEXA 619 1 8 17 18 9 744 757+
+ 758 746
CHEXA 620 1 9 18 105 103 746 758+
+ 759 748
CHEXA 621 1 104 106 19 10 750 761+
+ 760 749
CHEXA 622 1 10 19 20 11 749 760+
+ 762 751
CHEXA 623 1 11 20 21 12 751 762+
+ 763 752
CHEXA 624 1 12 21 22 13 752 763+
+ 764 753
CHEXA 625 1 13 22 23 14 753 764+
+ 765 754
CHEXA 626 1 14 23 24 15 754 765+
+ 766 755
CHEXA 627 1 15 24 25 16 755 766+
+ 767 756
CHEXA 628 1 16 25 26 17 756 767+
+ 768 757

CHEXA 629 1 17 26 27 18 757 768+
+ 769 758
CHEXA 630 1 18 27 107 105 758 769+
+ 770 759
CHEXA 631 1 106 108 28 19 761 772+
+ 771 760
CHEXA 632 1 19 28 29 20 760 771+
+ 773 762
CHEXA 633 1 20 29 30 21 762 773+
+ 774 763
CHEXA 634 1 21 30 31 22 763 774+
+ 775 764
CHEXA 635 1 22 31 32 23 764 775+
+ 776 765
CHEXA 636 1 23 32 33 24 765 776+
+ 777 766
CHEXA 637 1 24 33 34 25 766 777+
+ 778 767
CHEXA 638 1 25 34 35 26 767 778+
+ 779 768
CHEXA 639 1 26 35 36 27 768 779+
+ 780 769
CHEXA 640 1 27 36 109 107 769 780+
+ 781 770
CHEXA 641 1 108 110 37 28 772 783+
+ 782 771
CHEXA 642 1 28 37 38 29 771 782+
+ 784 773
CHEXA 643 1 29 38 39 30 773 784+
+ 785 774
CHEXA 644 1 30 39 40 31 774 785+
+ 786 775
CHEXA 645 1 31 40 41 32 775 786+
+ 787 776
CHEXA 646 1 32 41 42 33 776 787+
+ 788 777
CHEXA 647 1 33 42 43 34 777 788+
+ 789 778
CHEXA 648 1 34 43 44 35 778 789+
+ 790 779
CHEXA 649 1 35 44 45 36 779 790+
+ 791 780
CHEXA 650 1 36 45 111 109 780 791+
+ 792 781
CHEXA 651 1 110 112 46 37 783 794+
+ 793 782
CHEXA 652 1 37 46 47 38 782 793+
+ 795 784
CHEXA 653 1 38 47 48 39 784 795+
+ 796 785
CHEXA 654 1 39 48 49 40 785 796+
+ 797 786
CHEXA 655 1 40 49 50 41 786 797+
+ 798 787
CHEXA 656 1 41 50 51 42 787 798+
+ 799 788
CHEXA 657 1 42 51 52 43 788 799+
+ 800 789
CHEXA 658 1 43 52 53 44 789 800+
+ 801 790
CHEXA 659 1 44 53 54 45 790 801+
+ 802 791
CHEXA 660 1 45 54 113 111 791 802+
+ 803 792
CHEXA 661 1 112 114 55 46 794 805+
+ 804 793
CHEXA 662 1 46 55 56 47 793 804+
+ 806 795
CHEXA 663 1 47 56 57 48 795 806+

+ 807 796
CHEXA 664 1 48 57 58 49 796 807+
+ 808 797
CHEXA 665 1 49 58 59 50 797 808+
+ 809 798
CHEXA 666 1 50 59 60 51 798 809+
+ 810 799
CHEXA 667 1 51 60 61 52 799 810+
+ 811 800
CHEXA 668 1 52 61 62 53 800 811+
+ 812 801
CHEXA 669 1 53 62 63 54 801 812+
+ 813 802
CHEXA 670 1 54 63 115 113 802 813+
+ 814 803
CHEXA 671 1 114 116 64 55 805 816+
+ 815 804
CHEXA 672 1 55 64 65 56 804 815+
+ 817 806
CHEXA 673 1 56 65 66 57 806 817+
+ 818 807
CHEXA 674 1 57 66 67 58 807 818+
+ 819 808
CHEXA 675 1 58 67 68 59 808 819+
+ 820 809
CHEXA 676 1 59 68 69 60 809 820+
+ 821 810
CHEXA 677 1 60 69 70 61 810 821+
+ 822 811
CHEXA 678 1 61 70 71 62 811 822+
+ 823 812
CHEXA 679 1 62 71 72 63 812 823+
+ 824 813
CHEXA 680 1 63 72 117 115 813 824+
+ 825 814
CHEXA 681 1 116 118 73 64 816 827+
+ 826 815
CHEXA 682 1 64 73 74 65 815 826+
+ 828 817
CHEXA 683 1 65 74 75 66 817 828+
+ 829 818
CHEXA 684 1 66 75 76 67 818 829+
+ 830 819
CHEXA 685 1 67 76 77 68 819 830+
+ 831 820
CHEXA 686 1 68 77 78 69 820 831+
+ 832 821
CHEXA 687 1 69 78 79 70 821 832+
+ 833 822
CHEXA 688 1 70 79 80 71 822 833+
+ 834 823
CHEXA 689 1 71 80 81 72 823 834+
+ 835 824
CHEXA 690 1 72 81 119 117 824 835+
+ 836 825
CHEXA 691 1 118 120 91 73 827 838+
+ 837 826
CHEXA 692 1 73 91 92 74 826 837+
+ 839 828
CHEXA 693 1 74 92 93 75 828 839+
+ 840 829
CHEXA 694 1 75 93 94 76 829 840+
+ 841 830
CHEXA 695 1 76 94 95 77 830 841+
+ 842 831
CHEXA 696 1 77 95 96 78 831 842+
+ 843 832
CHEXA 697 1 78 96 97 79 832 843+
+ 844 833

CHEXA 698 1 79 97 98 80 833 844+
+ 845 834
CHEXA 699 1 80 98 99 81 834 845+
+ 846 835
CHEXA 700 1 81 99 121 119 835 846+
+ 847 836
CHEXA 701 1 727 730 729 728 848 851+
+ 850 849
CHEXA 702 1 728 729 732 731 849 850+
+ 853 852
CHEXA 703 1 731 732 734 733 852 853+
+ 855 854
CHEXA 704 1 733 734 736 735 854 855+
+ 857 856
CHEXA 705 1 735 736 738 737 856 857+
+ 859 858
CHEXA 706 1 737 738 740 739 858 859+
+ 861 860
CHEXA 707 1 739 740 742 741 860 861+
+ 863 862
CHEXA 708 1 741 742 744 743 862 863+
+ 865 864
CHEXA 709 1 743 744 746 745 864 865+
+ 867 866
CHEXA 710 1 745 746 748 747 866 867+
+ 869 868
CHEXA 711 1 730 750 749 729 851 871+
+ 870 850
CHEXA 712 1 729 749 751 732 850 870+
+ 872 853
CHEXA 713 1 732 751 752 734 853 872+
+ 873 855
CHEXA 714 1 734 752 753 736 855 873+
+ 874 857
CHEXA 715 1 736 753 754 738 857 874+
+ 875 859
CHEXA 716 1 738 754 755 740 859 875+
+ 876 861
CHEXA 717 1 740 755 756 742 861 876+
+ 877 863
CHEXA 718 1 742 756 757 744 863 877+
+ 878 865
CHEXA 719 1 744 757 758 746 865 878+
+ 879 867
CHEXA 720 1 746 758 759 748 867 879+
+ 880 869
CHEXA 721 1 750 761 760 749 871 882+
+ 881 870
CHEXA 722 1 749 760 762 751 870 881+
+ 883 872
CHEXA 723 1 751 762 763 752 872 883+
+ 884 873
CHEXA 724 1 752 763 764 753 873 884+
+ 885 874
CHEXA 725 1 753 764 765 754 874 885+
+ 886 875
CHEXA 726 1 754 765 766 755 875 886+
+ 887 876
CHEXA 727 1 755 766 767 756 876 887+
+ 888 877
CHEXA 728 1 756 767 768 757 877 888+
+ 889 878
CHEXA 729 1 757 768 769 758 878 889+
+ 890 879
CHEXA 730 1 758 769 770 759 879 890+
+ 891 880
CHEXA 731 1 761 772 771 760 882 893+
+ 892 881
CHEXA 732 1 760 771 773 762 881 892+

+ 894 883
CHEXA 733 1 762 773 774 763 883 894+
+ 895 884
CHEXA 734 1 763 774 775 764 884 895+
+ 896 885
CHEXA 735 1 764 775 776 765 885 896+
+ 897 886
CHEXA 736 1 765 776 777 766 886 897+
+ 898 887
CHEXA 737 1 766 777 778 767 887 898+
+ 899 888
CHEXA 738 1 767 778 779 768 888 899+
+ 900 889
CHEXA 739 1 768 779 780 769 889 900+
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CHEXA 1046 1 1139 1150 1151 1140 1260 1271+
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CHEXA 1047 1 1140 1151 1152 1141 1261 1272+
+ 1273 1262
CHEXA 1048 1 1141 1152 1153 1142 1262 1273+
+ 1274 1263
CHEXA 1049 1 1142 1153 1154 1143 1263 1274+
+ 1275 1264
CHEXA 1050 1 1143 1154 1155 1144 1264 1275+
+ 1276 1265
CHEXA 1051 1 1146 1157 1156 1145 1267 1278+
+ 1277 1266
CHEXA 1052 1 1145 1156 1158 1147 1266 1277+
+ 1279 1268
CHEXA 1053 1 1147 1158 1159 1148 1268 1279+
+ 1280 1269
CHEXA 1054 1 1148 1159 1160 1149 1269 1280+
+ 1281 1270
CHEXA 1055 1 1149 1160 1161 1150 1270 1281+
+ 1282 1271
CHEXA 1057 1 1151 1162 1163 1152 1272 1283+

+ 1284 1273
CHEXA 1058 1 1152 1163 1164 1153 1273 1284+
+ 1285 1274
CHEXA 1059 1 1153 1164 1165 1154 1274 1285+
+ 1286 1275
CHEXA 1060 1 1154 1165 1166 1155 1275 1286+
+ 1287 1276
CHEXA 1061 1 1157 1168 1167 1156 1278 1289+
+ 1288 1277
CHEXA 1062 1 1156 1167 1169 1158 1277 1288+
+ 1290 1279
CHEXA 1063 1 1158 1169 1170 1159 1279 1290+
+ 1291 1280
CHEXA 1064 1 1159 1170 1171 1160 1280 1291+
+ 1292 1281
CHEXA 1065 1 1160 1171 1172 1161 1281 1292+
+ 1293 1282
CHEXA 1066 1 1161 1172 1173 1162 1282 1293+
+ 1294 1283
CHEXA 1067 1 1162 1173 1174 1163 1283 1294+
+ 1295 1284
CHEXA 1068 1 1163 1174 1175 1164 1284 1295+
+ 1296 1285
CHEXA 1069 1 1164 1175 1176 1165 1285 1296+
+ 1297 1286
CHEXA 1070 1 1165 1176 1177 1166 1286 1297+
+ 1298 1287
CHEXA 1071 1 1168 1179 1178 1167 1289 1300+
+ 1299 1288
CHEXA 1072 1 1167 1178 1180 1169 1288 1299+
+ 1301 1290
CHEXA 1073 1 1169 1180 1181 1170 1290 1301+
+ 1302 1291
CHEXA 1074 1 1170 1181 1182 1171 1291 1302+
+ 1303 1292
CHEXA 1075 1 1171 1182 1183 1172 1292 1303+
+ 1304 1293
CHEXA 1076 1 1172 1183 1184 1173 1293 1304+
+ 1305 1294
CHEXA 1077 1 1173 1184 1185 1174 1294 1305+
+ 1306 1295

CHEXA 1078 1 1174 1185 1186 1175 1295 1306+
+ 1307 1296
CHEXA 1079 1 1175 1186 1187 1176 1296 1307+
+ 1308 1297
CHEXA 1080 1 1176 1187 1188 1177 1297 1308+
+ 1309 1298
CHEXA 1081 1 1179 1190 1189 1178 1300 1311+
+ 1310 1299
CHEXA 1082 1 1178 1189 1191 1180 1299 1310+
+ 1312 1301
CHEXA 1083 1 1180 1191 1192 1181 1301 1312+
+ 1313 1302
CHEXA 1084 1 1181 1192 1193 1182 1302 1313+
+ 1314 1303
CHEXA 1085 1 1182 1193 1194 1183 1303 1314+
+ 1315 1304
CHEXA 1086 1 1183 1194 1195 1184 1304 1315+
+ 1316 1305
CHEXA 1087 1 1184 1195 1196 1185 1305 1316+
+ 1317 1306
CHEXA 1088 1 1185 1196 1197 1186 1306 1317+
+ 1318 1307
CHEXA 1089 1 1186 1197 1198 1187 1307 1318+
+ 1319 1308
CHEXA 1090 1 1187 1198 1199 1188 1308 1319+
+ 1320 1309
CHEXA 1091 1 1190 1201 1200 1189 1311 1322+
+ 1321 1310
CHEXA 1092 1 1189 1200 1202 1191 1310 1321+
+ 1323 1312
CHEXA 1093 1 1191 1202 1203 1192 1312 1323+
+ 1324 1313
CHEXA 1094 1 1192 1203 1204 1193 1313 1324+
+ 1325 1314
CHEXA 1095 1 1193 1204 1205 1194 1314 1325+
+ 1326 1315
CHEXA 1096 1 1194 1205 1206 1195 1315 1326+
+ 1327 1316
CHEXA 1097 1 1195 1206 1207 1196 1316 1327+
+ 1328 1317
CHEXA 1098 1 1196 1207 1208 1197 1317 1328+
+ 1329 1318
CHEXA 1099 1 1197 1208 1209 1198 1318 1329+
+ 1330 1319
CHEXA 1100 1 1198 1209 1210 1199 1319 1330+
+ 1331 1320
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh name information for generic property collectors $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Property Definition for 1-D Elements $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP 6"auto1"
$HWCOLOR COMP 6 3
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$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Property Definition for Surface and Volume Elements $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$
$HMNAME COMP 4"shells"

$HWCOLOR COMP 4 7
PSHELL 4 20.2 2 2
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$
$HMNAME COMP 1"solids"
$HWCOLOR COMP 1 26
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PSOLID 2 2
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
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$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
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$$ MAT1 Data
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$HMNAME MAT 2"MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 2 18
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$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT 1"MAT10_1"
$HWCOLOR MAT 1 3
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$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh name information for generic materials $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ Loads and Boundary Conditions $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$HyperMesh name and color information for generic loadcollectors
$$
$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 6"spcd"
$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ FREQ1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 5"freq"
FREQ1 50.1 10.0 5
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ RLOAD2 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 2"rload2"

RLOAD2 2 6 1 0 ACCE
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 3"darea"
RLOAD2 3 3 1 0 LOAD
$$
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 1"tab"
+ 0.0 0.0 1000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
+ 0.0 0.0 1000.0 1.0ENDT
$$
+ 0.0 5.0 1000.0 5.0ENDT
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL 11"DLOAD11"
DLOAD 111.0 1.0 2 1.0 3
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC 4 1431 1234560.0
SPC 4 1432 1234560.0
SPC 4 1451 1234560.0
SPC 4 1452 1234560.0
SPC 4 1734 3 0.0
$$
$$ SPCD Data
$$
SPCD 6 1734 3 3.0
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$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
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DAREA 3 1734 3-10.0
ENDDATA
ALTDOCTAG "HqTD_ARNMI\S\pMpN13G;5oANN]l[enE7fmSbTJro20LOpNriZFOQfUk]
_`5hfS5ATf6pT7RXMjA3e@k_r^K?GP;?OeEbD0"
ADI0.1.0 2011-05-13T19:57:45 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG

Comments
1. PACABS is referenced by a CHACAB entry only.
2. If SYNTH = “YES”, then TID1 and TID2 must be supplied (TID3 is optional) and the
equivalent structural model will be derived from tables TIDi. If TID3 is blank, then the
weighting function defaults to 1.0.
3. If SYNTH=”NO”, then the equivalent structural model will be derived from B, K and M.

PANEL
Bulk Data Entry
PANEL – Panel Definition for Panel Participation Output
Description
Defines up to four sets of grid points or elements as panels for panel participation output for a
frequency response analysis of a coupled fluid-structural model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PANEL NAME1 SID1 NAME2 SID2 NAME3 SID3 NAME4 SID4
Field Contents
NAME# Panel label.
SID# Set identification number for a set of grids or elements.
Comments
1. If a set of elements is defined, the panel will consist of all grid points connected to these
elements.

PANELG
Bulk Data Entry
PANELG – Generic Panel Definition
Description
Defines a set of grid points and/or elements as generic panel.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PANELG ID NAME TYPE ESID GSID
Field Contents
ID Unique panel identification number.
NAME Panel label.
TYPE Panel type.
Default = blank (PFP, ERP, SOUND, or blank, See comment 1)
ESID Set identification number for a set of elements.
GSID Set identification number for a set of grids.
Comments
1. The panel type indicates the context in which the panel should be used. PFP indicates
that the panel should be considered for panel participation output (similar to PANEL). ERP
indicates that the panel should be considered for equivalent radiated power output

(similar to ERPPNL). SOUND indicates that the panel should be considered for radiated
sound output. Blank indicates that the panel should be considered in any context
involving panels.
2. Panels of type ERP/SOUND (or blank) may be defined as a set of elements, a set of grid
points, or both. If a set of elements is defined, the panel will consist of all grid points
connected to these elements. If both sets are defined, the panel will consist of the
intersection of those sets.
3. Panels of type PFP must be defined as a set of grid points exclusively.
4. The element set can also consist of solid elements. In such cases, grids on the wetted
surface are automatically detected to define the panel.

PARAM
Bulk Data Entry
PARAM – Solution Control Parameter
Description
Defines values for parameters used during analysis and optimization.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PARAM N V
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PARAM C OUPMASS YES
Field Contents
N Name of Parameter.
V Value of Parameter.
Parameter Description Values
ACMODL12 Used to restore the ACMODL formulation used in YES, NO

version 12.0 and earlier for the Fluid-Structure Default = NO
Interface.
AGGPCH To support output of the fluid-structure coupling YES, NO

matrix to the Punch (.pch) file as a matrix defined

using DMIG data entry. Default = NO
AKUSMOD Use external fluid-structure coupling matrix YES, NO

generated by AKUSMOD. Default = NO
ALPHA1 Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for <REAL>

structural mesh. Default = 0.0
ALPHA2 Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for <REAL>

structural mesh. Default = 0.0
ALPHA1FL Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for fluid <REAL>

mesh. Default = 0.0
ALPHA2FL Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for fluid <REAL>

mesh. Default = 0.0
AMLS Use external AMLS eigenvalue solver. YES, NO

Default = NO
AMLSMAXR Used to determine singularities in the stiffness matrix <REAL>

for AMLS eigenvalue solver. Default = 1.0e-8
AMLSMEM Defines the amount of memory in Gigabytes to be <REAL>

used by the external AMLS eigenvalue solver. No default
AMLSNCPU Identify number of cpu's to be used by AMLS 1, 2, 4

eigenvalue solver. Default = no. of cpu’s
used by the solver
AMLSUCON Constrain unconnected grids for AMLS eigenvalue 1, 0

solver. Default = 0
AMSESLM Indicate if the AMSES numerical mode for enforced <YES, NO>
motion based modal dynamic analysis with large Default = NO
mass method will be activated or not.
ASCOUP Generates the fluid-structure coupling (area) matrix <YES, NO>

for use in the solution. Default = YES
AUTOMSET Automatically convert dependent degrees-of- <YES, NO>

freedom of rigid elements to independent degrees- Default = YES

of-freedom.
AUTOSPC Automatically constrain degrees-of-freedom with no YES, NO

stiffness. Default = YES
AUTOSPRT Activate inertia relief and auto-support degree-of- 1, 0

freedom generation. Default = 1
BUSHRLMT Issues a WARNING when the stiffness value for <Real Number > 0.0>
rotational components on the PBUSH entry exceeds
Default = 1.0E+09
the specified limit (BUSHRLMT).
BUSHSTIF Specifies a value to replace large stiffness values <Real Number > 0.0>
(>1.0E+07) input in field K of the PBUSH data entry. No default
BUSHTLMT Issues a WARNING when the stiffness value for <Real Number > 0.0>
translational components on the PBUSH entry
Default = 1E+07
exceeds the specified limit (BUSHTLMT).
CB2 Scale factor for direct input damping matrices. Real

Default = 1.0
CHECKEL Activate element quality checking. NO, YES, FULL

Default = YES
CHECKMAT Activate material property checking. YES, NO, FULL

Default = YES
CHKGPDIR Activate gap direction alignment checking. YES, NO, WARN,

FULL, REVERSE
Default = YES
CK2 Scale factor for direct input stiffness matrices. Real

Default = 1.0
CK3 Specifies factors for the stiffness matrix produced Real

by GENEL cards. Default = 1.0
CM2 Scale factor for direct input mass matrices. Real

Default = 1.0

CMFTINIT Defines lower threshold for *.HM.comp.cmf and 0.0 < REAL < 1.0
*.HM.ent.cmf HyperMesh command files. Default = 0.0
CMFTSTEP Defines step or interval value for *.HM.comp.cmf 0.0 < REAL < 1.0
and *.HM.ent.cmf HyperMesh command. Default = 0.1
CMSALOD Controls the inclusion of mass contribution from the <YES, NO>
mass matrix stored in the PUNCH DMIG or the H3D Default = YES
DMIG files for the generation of RFORCE and Gravity
Loads.
CMSDIRM Allows flexible body generation when directional YES, NO

masses are defined in the input file. Default = NO
CMSOFST Consider shell offsets for flexbody generation. <YES, NO>

Default - NO
COEFFC Friction coefficient on curvatures for one-step Real > 0.0

YES, NO,
COMP2SHL Results of homogenization of composite properties.
BULK
Default = NO
CONTFEL Activates Contact-friendly elements. This is <YES, NO>

recommended when second order solids/gaskets are Default = NO
used with contact analysis in OptiStruct.
COUPMASS Use coupled mass matrix approach for eigenvalue -1, 0, 1, YES, NO
analysis. Default = NO
CP2 Scale factor for direct input load matrices. Real

Default = 1.0
CSTEVAL Use wall time based cost evaluation for Lanczos <YES, NO>
steps. Default = YES
CSTOL Specifies how many decimal digits may be lost to Real

cancellation in one operation during the Default = 3.5
eigensolution process.
DFREQ Used to determine duplicate frequencies. Real

Default = 10-5
DISIFMCK Skip indefinite mass matrix check. <YES, NO>

Default = NO
DISJOINT Used to allow AMLS to handle disconnected parts. Integer

This can also be accomplished with Default = NONE
PARAM,AMLSUCON.
DUPTOL Level of accuracy used in determining duplicate <0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5>

grids. Default = 0
EFFMAS Output modal participation factors and effective YES, NO, Integer
mass for normal modes analyses. Default = NO
EHD Prints the inverse of the stiffness matrix created by <YES,NO>

static reduction to FORTRAN unit 3 Default = NO
ELASRLMT Issues a WARNING when the stiffness value for <Real Number > 0.0>
rotational components on the CELAS2/4 or PELAS
Default = 1.0E + 09
entry exceeds the specified limit (ELASRLMT).
ELASSTIF Specifies a value to replace large stiffness values <Real Number > 0.0>
(>1.0E+07) input in field K of the PELAS data entry. No default
ELASTLMT Issues a WARNING when the stiffness value for <Real Number > 0.0>
translational components on the CELAS2/4 or PELAS
Default = 1E+07
entry exceeds the specified limit (ELASTLMT).
ENFMOTN Switch between relative and absolute displacement <REL, ABS>

output in Modal Frequency Response Analysis with Default = ABS
enforced motion.
ERPC The speed of sound used in the ERP calculation Real > 0.0
Default = 1.0
ERPREFDB The reference value in decibels (dB) used in ERP Real > 0.0
calculations. Default = 1.0
ERPRHO The fluid density used in ERP calculations. Real > 0.0
Default = 1.0

ERPRLF The Radiation Loss Factor used in ERP calculation. Real > 0.0
Default = 1.0
EXCEXB Controls the output of the AVL/EXCITE .exb file <YES, BOTH, NO>
directly from OptiStruct. Default = BOTH
EXCOUT Outputs of condensed superelement information for <-1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6>

AVL/EXCITE. Default = 0
EXPERTNL Activates nonlinear expert system to aid in the YES, NO

convergence of small displacement nonlinear Default = NO
problems.
EXTOUT Output reduced matrices to .pch or .dmg file. <DMIGPCH, DMIGBIN>

No default
FASTFR Controls the activation of a faster, alternative <YES, NO>

method (FASTFR) for Modal Frequency Response Default = AUTO
Analysis.
FFRS Used to invoke the external FastFRS (Fast <YES, NO>

Frequency Response Solver). Default = NO
FFRSLFREQ Defines a frequency cut-off value in Hertz used to Real

partition the structural system into low frequency Default = 1.0
and high frequency parts.
FFRSMEM Defines the amount of memory in Gigabytes to be <Real>

used by the external FastFRS modal equation solver. Default = 2.0 (GB)
FFRSNCPU Defines the number of cpu’s to be used by the <INTEGER>

external FastFRS solver. Default = number of
cpu's used by
OptiStruct.
FLEXH3D Generate flexh3d files for flexible bodies in an MBD <AUTO, YES, NO>
analysis. Default = AUTO
FLIPOK Allows tetrahedral elements to invert during shape NO, YES

optimization. Default = NO

FRIC Define multiplier for K2PP reference. <REAL>

Default = 1.0
FZERO Identify the maximum frequency of a rigid body <REAL>

mode. Default = 0.1
G Specifies the uniform structural damping coefficient <REAL>

for dynamic analyses. Default = 0.0
GE_MOD Modifies specified GE values. <REAL> or NO_GE>

No default
GFL Specifies the uniform fluid damping coefficient for <REAL>

dynamic analyses. Default = 0.0
GMAR Controls the accuracy of the external AMLS <REAL>

eigenvalue solution. Default = 1.1
GMAR1 Controls the accuracy of the external AMLS <REAL>

GPSLOC Controls where the grid point stresses are calculated Z1, Z2 and MID
for output to the .mnf file. Default = Z1
GRDPNT Obsolete NASTRAN parameter that will give <-1, 0>

information about the mass properties of the Default = -1
structure.
GRIDFORM This parameter controls the output format of the <LONG, SHORT>
.grid file. Default = SHORT
GYROAVG Used to select the frequency response analysis <0, -1>

formulation type for rotor dynamics analysis. Default = 0
HASHASSM Enable hash-table based assembly. <YES, NO>

Default = NO
HFREQ Specifies the upper bound of the frequency range of <REAL>

interest for modal combination. Default = None
HFREQFL Excludes modes with frequencies greater than <REAL>

HFREQFL in Coupled Modal Frequency Response (Hertz)

Analysis (Acoustic Analysis).
Default = None
I64SLV Enforces the activation of internal long (64-bit) <YES, NO>

integer sparse direct solver. Default = NO
INREL Controls the calculation of inertia relief. 0, -1, -2

Default = 0, for static
subcases
Default = -2, for modal
frequency response
subcases
ITAPE Writes the ‘Tape Label’ at the beginning of the -1, 0

OUTPUT2 results file. Default = -1
INTRFACE Generates the .interface file to verify if proper YES, NO

connection has been established between the Fluid Default = YES
and Structure meshes at the interface.
K4CUTOFF Sets cut-off value if the low rank representation for <REAL>
the structural damping matrix is selected. Default = 0.1
KDAMP Enter viscous modal damping into the stiffness 1, -1

matrix as structural damping. Default = 1
KGRGD Include contributions from rigid elements in the YES, NO

geometric stiffness matrix. Default = NO
LFREQ Can be used to remove the Rigid Body Modes from <REAL>
the Modal Space. Default = None
LFREQFL Excludes modes with frequencies lower than <REAL> (Hertz)

LFREQFL in Coupled Modal Frequency Response
Analysis (Acoustic Analysis). Default = None
LGDISP Activates Large Displacement Nonlinear Analysis. <1, 0, -1>

Default = 0
LMSOUT Output the condensed Flex Body Modes, full Diagonal YES, NO, STRESS
Mass Matrix, and modal stresses to the .op2 file. Default = NO

LOWRANK Indicates to FastFRS which solution strategy to use <0, -1, 1>
to handle the modal structural damping matrix. Default = 0
MASSDMIG For static condensation with ASET of a static <YES, NO>

loadcase, the reduced stiffness matrix [k] and load Default = NO
vector {p} are created.
MAXDAMP Identify the maximum number of residual vectors to <INTEGER>

be calculated. Default = 400
MBDH3D Choose the type of the results output to the .h3d NODAL, MODAL, BOTH,
file for MBD analyses. NONE
Default = BOTH
MBDREC Create a small and large flexible body files during YES, NO
Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Default = NO
MEMTRIM Activate/deactivate the memory-trim feature when <YES, NO>

using AMLS eigensolver. Default = YES
MFILTER Defines a threshold for the mode tracking matrix to <0.0 < real number <
check eigenvector correspondence. 1.0>
MODETRAK Track mode numbers by comparing eigenvectors -1, 0, 1, YES, NO

between iterations. Default = NO
NEGMASS Allows run to proceed with negative diagonal mass <0, 1>
terms. Default = 0
NLAFILE Controls the output of animation files (A-File) in <YES, NO>

geometric nonlinear analysis. Default = NO
NLFAT Forces OptiStruct to run models in which fatigue <YES, NO>

solutions reference nonlinear quasi-static analysis Default = NO
(NLSTAT) subcases.
This is not recommended; refer to the complete

PARAM, NLFAT documentation for details.
NLRFILE Controls the output of restart files (R-File) in <YES, NO>


NLRUN Controls the run of geometric nonlinear analysis after <YES, NO>
bulk to block conversion. Default = YES
NPRBAR Controls the number of the output INFORMATION <INTEGER>

#741 for RBAR element. Default = 3
NPRBE2 Controls the number of the output INFORMATION <INTEGER>

#741 for RBE2 element. Default = 3
NPRGDE Controls the number of the output INFORMATION <INTEGER>

#742. Default = 3
NUMEG Specifies the anticipated number of modes to be <INTEGER>

calculated in order to estimate disk space usage. 1000
OGEOM Output model data to the OUTPUT2 results file. <YES, NO>
Default = YES
OMACHPR Select newer version of certain OUTPUT2 <YES, NO>

datablocks. Default = NO
OMID Output stress and strain results for shell and <YES, NO>
membrane elements with reference to the material Default = NO
coordinate system.
OP2GM34 Controls the output of GEOM3 and GEOM4 data <TRUE, FALSE>
blocks to the .op2 file. Default = TRUE
PLIGEXT Print the applied load vector in DMIG form to the <YES,NO>
.pligext file. Default = NO
POST Generate an OUTPUT2 results file. 0, -1, -2, -5

Default = 0
POSTEXT Output the modal complex stiffness matrix and modal YES, NO
viscous damping matrix to the OUTPUT2 results file. Default = NO
PRESUBNL Forces OptiStruct to run models in which Linear YES, NO

Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is defined, in Default = NO
conjunction with nonlinear materials (MATS1,
MATHE, or MGASK) or Large Displacement Nonlinear

Analysis.
This is not recommended. Refer to the complete

PARAM, PRESUBNL documentation for details.
PRGPST Output AutoSPC information to the .out file. <YES, NO>

Default = YES
PRINFACC Controls the output of inertial relief rigid body forces <1, 0>
and accelerations.
RBE2FREE Used to convert ERROR 725 into WARNING 825 when <YES, NO>
singular RBE2 elements are present in the model. Default = NO
RBE3FREE Used to convert ERROR 772 into WARNING 824 when <YES, NO>
free spiders on RBE3 elements are present in the Default = NO
model. These free spiders may contain singular
degrees of freedom.
RBMEIG Defines the cut-off eigenvalue for determining rigid <REAL>

body modes calculated by AMLS. Default = 0.1
REANAL Reanalyze the final iteration of a topology 0.0 < REAL < 1.0
optimization without penalization. No default
RECOVER Allows you to request full-structure mode shape <LB, UB>

output instead of the modes of the condensed Default for LB = 0.0,
system generated during Component Mode Synthesis and UB must be
(CMS) within the specified range of frequencies. specified
RENUMOK Allows you to correctly renumber the reversed (but <YES, NO, BLANK>
acceptable) sequence of element grids without Default = NO
having to run (import and re-export) the model
through HyperMesh.
RFIOUT This parameter controls the output of modal super <YES, NO>
element for use in the RecurDyn multibody dynamics Default = NO
software from FunctionBay.
RHOCP The scale factor used to calculate ERP in decibels Real > 0.0
(dB). Default = 1.0
RSPLICOR RSPLINE end rotation correction. 0, 1, REAL > 1.0

Default = 0

SEP1XOVR The old and new location of moved shell grid points 0, 16
are printed if SEP1XOVR = 16. Default = 0
SEPLOT Output display model to .seplot file, from a CMS <YES, NO>
run. Default = YES
SH4NRP Controls the full projection of 4-node shell elements 0, 1, 2

in NLGEOM implicit analysis. Default = 0 in NLGEOM
subcases
Default = 1 in IMPDYN
subcases
SHELOS11 Allows you to revert to the first order shell element <YES, NO>
formulation (for CQUAD4 and CTRIA3) used in version Default = NO
11.0.240 and earlier.
SHL2MEM A shell property (defined by the PSHELL bulk data <Real Number > 0.0>
entry) is automatically converted into a membrane No default
property if the membrane thickness (field T) of the
PSHELL bulk data entry is less than the value
specified using PARAM, SHL2MEM.
SHPBCKOR Defines the type and order of approximation used in 1, 2

plate bending geometric stiffness for linear shell Default = 1
elements (CQUAD4, CTRIA3).
SIMPACK Requests generation of the SIMPACK .fbi file 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

containing flexible body information for SIMPACK Default =0
analysis.
SMDISP Controls if small displacement formulation or large 0, 1

displacement formulation is used. Default = 0
SNAPTHRU Controls the output of the force-deflection curve in <YES,NO>

SORTCON Controls the output of violated constraints to the <INTEGER>

.out file from an optimization. Default = 20
SPLC Specifies the speed of sound used in the wave Real > 0.0
number and the complex particle velocity vector Default = 1.0
calculations.

SPLFAC Specifies the scale factor (q ) used to calculate the Real > 0.0
Sound Pressure Level in Radiated Sound Analysis. Default = 1.0
SPLREFDB Specifies the reference sound pressure value used Real > 0.0
to calculate the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in Default = 1.0
decibels (dB).
SPLRHO Specifies the density of the acoustic medium in the Real > 0.0
calculation of the complex acoustic sound pressure Default = 1.0
and the complex particle velocity vector.
SRCOMPS Outputs the strength ratios for composite elements <YES, NO>
that have failure indices requested. Default = NO
SS2GCR Controls the accuracy of the external AMLS <REAL>

STRTHR Specifies the von Mises stress threshold value above

which the stress results are output for a model. Default = 0.0
THCNTPEN Controls the penalty factor used in thermal contact AUTO, LOW, HIGH
analysis. Default = AUTO
TOLRSC Connecting grid points of the shell element are <REAL>

moved onto the solid face. Default = 0.05
TRAKMETH Used to select the criterion employed for mode <0, 1, 2>
tracking. Default = 0
TRAKMTX Controls output of the mode tracking matrix during <0, 1>
optimization. Default = 0
TPS Activate fast transient response analysis (only shell <YES, NO>
stress results output). Default = YES
UCORD Specifies the coordinate system in which the mass <CID>

moment of inertia is output. It also can be used to
control the point about which the mass moment of Default = -1
inertia is calculated.
VMOPT Allows you to prevent the inclusion of the Virtual <Integer = 0, 1, 2>

Mass Matrix in the Regular Mass Matrix for Modal Default = 0

Dynamic Subcases. In such cases, the virtual mass
is added after the eigen solution and modes are
modified based on the virtual mass matrix.
W3 Convert structural damping to equivalent viscous <REAL>

damping for transient analysis. Default = 0.0
W4 Convert structural damping to equivalent viscous <REAL>

damping for transient analysis. Default = 0.0
WR3 Used to include or exclude frequency dependent <REAL>

damping in rotor dynamics analysis. Default = 0.0
WR4 Used to include or exclude frequency dependent <REAL>

damping in rotor dynamics analysis. Default = 0.0
WTMASS Convert weights to masses using this multiplier. REAL > 0.0
Default = 1.0
Comments

PARAM, ACMODL12
ACMODL <YES, NO> PARAM, ACMODL12, YES can be used to restore the
ACMODL formulation used in version 12.0 and earlier for the
Default = NO
Fluid-Structure Interface.
Note
In OptiStruct 13.0 the new and improved ACMODL

formulation will couple the fluid grids at the interface to only
a single layer of structural grids. This parameter can be
used to restore the formulation used prior to 13.0. The old
formulation coupled the fluid face to every structural grid in
the search box.

PARAM, AGGPCH
AGGPCH <YES, NO> If YES, OptiStruct will output the Fluid-Structure

Default = NO coupling matrix to the Punch file (.pch) as a matrix
defined using the DMIG data entry, with the name
AGGAX. This DMIG can be used in a subsequent
OptiStruct run using the A2GG Solution Control
Command.
If NO, the Fluid-Structure coupling matrix will not be

output to the Punch file (.pch).

PARAM, AKUSMOD
AKUSMOD <YES, NO> If YES, this indicates that OptiStruct should use a fluid-
Default = NO structure coupling matrix generated by AKUSMOD. In this
case, the ACMODL data is ignored.
By default it is presumed that the AKUSMOD coupling matrix

is to be found in the same directory as the solver input file
and is given the file name “ftn.70“. However an alternate
file name and location may be assigned via the
ASSIGN,AKUSMOD command.

PARAM, ALPHA1
ALPHA1 <REAL> PARAM, ALPHA1 is used in frequency response,

Default = 0.0 transient response and modal complex eigenvalue
analyses.
If PARAM, ALPHA1 and/or PARAM, ALPHA2 are not equal

to zero, then Rayleigh damping is added to the viscous
damping. ALPHA1 is the scale factor applied to the
mass matrix and ALPHA2 to the structural stiffness
matrix as in:

PARAM, ALPHA2
ALPHA2 <REAL> PARAM, ALPHA2 is used in frequency response, transient

Default = 0.0 response and modal complex eigenvalue analyses.
If PARAM, ALPHA1 and/or PARAM, ALPHA2 are not equal to

zero, then Rayleigh damping is added to the viscous
damping. ALPHA1 is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2 to the structural stiffness matrix as in:

PARAM, ALPHA1FL
ALPHA1FL <REAL> PARAM, ALPHA1FL is used in frequency and transient

Default = 0.0 response analysis.
If PARAM, ALPHA1FL and/or PARAM, ALPHA2FL are not equal

damping. ALPHA1FL is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2FL to the fluid stiffness matrix as in:

PARAM, ALPHA2FL
ALPHA2FL <REAL> PARAM, ALPHA2FL is used in frequency and transient

Default = 0.0 response analysis.
If PARAM, ALPHA1FL and/or PARAM, ALPHA2FL are not equal

damping. ALPHA1FL is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2FL to the fluid stiffness matrix as in:

PARAM, AMLS
AMLS YES, NO This parameter is used to invoke the external AMLS

Default = NO eigenvalue solver. This solver is faster than the Lanczos
solver for large eigenvalue problems. Note that AMLS must
be installed on the system and the environment variable
AMLS_EXE must point to the AMLS executable for this
setting to work.
If YES, then the external AMLS eigenvalue solver is used.
If NO, then the internal Lanczos eigenvlaue solver is used.
Refer to the User’s Guide section, Using the AMLS

(Automatic Multi-Level Sub-structuring) Eigensolver for
more details.

PARAM, AMLSMAXR
AMLSMAXR <REAL> PARAM, AMLSMAXR is used to determine singularities in

Default = 1.0e-8 the stiffness matrix.
If the value of AMLSMAXR is exceeded in the process of

factoring a stiffness matrix, this indicates a singularity in
K. If the mass of this degree-of-freedom is zero, there
is a "massless mechanism"; an SPC is applied and a
message is written to the .out file. If there is mass,
then this is a mechanism which is treated as a rigid body
mode and a message is written to the .out file.

more details.

PARAM, AMLSMEM
AMLSMEM <REAL> This parameter is used to define the amount of memory

in Gigabytes to be used by the external AMLS eigenvalue
Default = solver. This parameter is only valid for AMLS versions 5
Memory used by and higher.
OptiStruct for a
particular run. Note
1. If this parameter is not set, AMLS will use the

amount of memory that OptiStruct is using for the
run.
2. OptiStruct and AMLS can be run with different

allocations of memory. For example, OptiStruct can
be run with 10.0 Gigabytes and AMLS with 20.0
Gigabytes in the same run.
3. If the environment variable AMLS_MEM is set, it will

override the value set using PARAM,AMLSMEM.
4. This parameter can be used only if PARAM, AMLS is

set to YES.

more details.

PARAM, AMLSNCPU
AMLSNCPU 1, 2, 4 This parameter is used to define the number of cpu’s

Default = no. of to be used by the external AMLS eigenvalue solver.
cpu’s This parameter will set the environment variable
used by the solver OMP_NUM_THREADS.
The default value is the current value of

OMP_NUM_THREADS. Note that this value can be set
through the command line arguments –nproc or –
ncpu.
OptiStruct and AMLS can be run with different

allocations of processors. For example, OptiStruct
can be run with 1 processor and AMLS with 4
processors in the same run.
Only valid when PARAM, AMLS is set to YES.

(Automatic Multi-Level Sub-structuring) Eigensolver
for more details.

PARAM, AMLSUCON
AMLSUCON 0, 1 This parameter is used to indicate whether or not

Default = 0 unconnected grids are to be constrained for AMLS run.
If 0, then unconnected grids are not constrained.
If 1, then unconnected grids are to be constrained.

more details.

PARAM, AMSESLM
AMSESLM <YES, NO> YES: The EIGRA (AMSES) numerical method for enforced
Default = NO motion based modal dynamic analysis with large mass
method will be activated.
NO: The EIGRA (AMSES) numerical method for enforced

motion based modal dynamic analysis with large mass
method will not be activated.

PARAM, ASCOUP
ASCOUP <YES, NO> If YES, the fluid-structure coupling (area) matrix will
Default = YES be calculated and used in the solution.
If NO, the fluid-structure (area) matrix is not

calculated.
Note: PARAM,AGGPCH,YES should be used to output

the matrix to the Punch (.pch) file.
PARAM,ASCOUP,NO is required when the fluid-

structure coupling (area) matrix is read in from
the Punch (.pch) file.

PARAM, AUTOMSET
AUTOMSET <YES, NO> If YES, the dependent degrees-of-freedom of rigid

elements may be converted to independent degrees-
Default = YES of-freedom when conversion is necessary for the
model to run.
Defaults
If NO, the above conversion will not be performed.
1. The default is NO
when the The model may not run when multiple constraint
parameter is not equations reference the same dependent degree-of-
present in the freedom more than once.
deck. Note:
2. The default is YES 1. This parameter can be used if the dependent
when PARAM, degree-of-freedom (DOF) of a rigid element is
AUTOMSET is SPC’ed, part of the ASET, or if it is a dependent
input without DOF of another constraint equation (MPC
specifying a equation or another rigid element).
value.
2. PARAM, AUTOMSET, YES can be used in models
with SPC’ed dependent rigid element grids, only
if multiple SPC sets are present in multiple
subcases.
3. AUTOMSET cannot be used to convert the

dependent degrees of freedom (DOF’s) of a rigid
element constrained by global SPC’s to
independent DOF’s. In such situations, it is
recommended to create another subcase with a
different SPC set.
4. AUTOMSET cannot be used if Direct Matrix Input

(DMIG) generation is performed using the Static
Condensation method (Component Mode
Synthesis (CMSMETH entry) is not used).

PARAM, AUTOSPC
AUTOSPC YES, NO If YES, the global stiffness matrix is checked for

Default = YES degrees-of-freedom with no stiffness. If found, these
degrees-of-freedom are automatically constrained.
If NO, the degrees of freedom with no stiffness are not

automatically constrained.

PARAM, AUTOSPRT
AUTOSPRT <1, 0> This parameter applies to residual vector calculation in

Default = 1 inertia relief analysis.
If 1, rigid body modes from the eigenvalue analysis

(PARAM,FZERO defines cut-off for determination of rigid
body modes) are used to automatically generate
SUPORT dofs.
If 0, SUPORT dofs are automatically generated using the

6 geometric rigid body modes.

PARAM, BUSHRLMT
BUSHRLMT <Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0> stiffness value for rotational components on the PBUSH
entry exceeds the specified limit (BUSHRLMT).
Default = 1.0E +
09 Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, BUSHSTIF
is used to control the maximum stiffness value.

PARAM, BUSHSTIF
Description
This parameter can accept two arguments. If only one argument is specified, the same value
is used for the second argument.
Format
PARAM, BUSHSTIF, <BUSHSTIFT>, <BUSHSTIFR>
BUSHSTIFT <Real Number > This parameter controls the value of field “K” in the
0.0> PBUSH property entries.
No default BUSHSTIFT:
This value applies to translational stiffness fields on the
property entry (first three values).
BUSHSTIFR <Real Number >
0.0> BUSHSTIFR:
This value applies to rotational stiffness values on the
Default = property entry.
<BUSHSTIFT>
Note:
1. Any value on the field “K” on the PBUSH entry which

exceeds BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR, respectively will
be replaced by BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR.
2. Either BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR (or both) can be

set to 0.0. This will disable stiffness control for the
corresponding translational or rotational stiffnesses.
3. Defaults:
a. If BUSHSTIFT is input without specifying a value,

then OptiStruct will error out (no default). The
default for BUSHSTIFR is BUSHSTIFT.
b. If PARAM, BUSHSTIF is not included in the deck,

the stiffness value (Field K) is not replaced
regardless of its value (no stiffness control).
4. This parameter applies, in a similar fashion, to the

PBUSH1D Rod-type Spring-and-Damper Property as
well (using BUSHSTIFT).

PARAM, BUSHTLMT
BUSHTLMT <Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0> stiffness value for translational components on the
PBUSH entry exceeds the specified limit (BUSHTLMT).
Default = 1E+07
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, BUSHSTIF

PARAM, CB2
CB2 Real CB2 specified factors for the direct input damping matrix.
Default = 1.0 The total damping matrix is:
where is selected via the subcase information
command B2GG, and comes from CDAMP1, CDAMP2,

CDAMP3, CDAMP4, or CVISC element bulk data entries.

PARAM, CHECKEL
CHECKEL NO, YES, FULL If NO, element quality checks are not performed, but
Default = YES mathematical validity checks are performed.
If YES, the geometric quality of each element is

checked. Any violation of the error limits is counted as a
fatal error and the run will stop. Any violation of warning
limits is non-fatal. Error or warning messages are printed
for elements violating the limits along with the offending
property values. The amount of output is limited to the
first 3 occurrences for each individual case, plus a
summary table of all errors.
If FULL, the same checks are performed as for YES, but

the error or warning messages are printed for all of the
elements violating the error or warning limits.
See Element Quality Check for an overview of the

element quality checking performed by the solver.
The ELEMQUAL bulk data entry may be used to control

the values for warning and error limits for each quality
check, but validity limits cannot be altered by the user.

PARAM, CHECKMAT
CHECKMAT YES, NO, FULL If YES, the material properties for all referenced material
Default = YES definitions are checked for adherence to the default
material requirements as described on the Material
Property Check page. The amount of output is limited.
If NO, mathematical requirement checks only are

performed for all referenced material definitions.
If FULL, material property checks are performed as when

the value is YES, but all violations are output.

PARAM, CHKGPDIR
CHKGPDIR YES, NO, WARN, If YES, all gap elements of non-zero length (distance
FULL, REVERSE between GA-GB) that have a prescribed coordinate
Default = YES system CID are checked for misalignment of gap
prescribed axis (x-axis of CID) with the vector GA->GB
(angles larger than 30 degrees produce errors). The
amount of output is limited to the first ten occurrences.
Note that this check applies correctly to the most
typical situations where in there is an initial opening
between bodies A and B, and the gap element is used
to enforce non-penetration condition (for other cases,
see the REVERSE option below).
If NO, no gap CID direction checks are performed.
If WARN, only warnings are issued.
If FULL, the error or warning messages are printed for

all gap elements violating this check.
If REVERSE, orientations of vector GA->GB generally

opposite to the prescribed x-axis of CID system are also
accepted (this can be used in cases when gap is used
to model rope behavior or when there is initial
penetration, rather than gap, between bodies A and B).
The tolerance levels are the same as for YES, except
that they are measured from either 0 or 180 degrees
reference angle.
For more details, refer to the CGAP description.
PARAM, CHKGPDIR is superseded by the CKGAPDIR

parameter on the GAPPRM bulk data entry if present.

PARAM, CK2
CK2 Real CK2 specifies factors for the direct input stiffness matrix.
Default = 1.0 The total stiffness matrix is:
command K2GG, and is generated from structural

element entries in the bulk data section.

PARAM, CK3
CK3 Real CK3 specifies factors for the stiffness matrix produced by
Default = 1.0 GENEL cards. The total stiffness matrix is:
where is the stiffness generated by all GENEL cards
and is the combination of the stiffness generated

from structural element entries in the bulk data section and
the stiffness generated by the subcase information
command K2GG and scaled by PARAM,CK2.

PARAM, CM2
CM2 Real CM2 specifies factors for the direct input mass matrix. The
Default = 1.0 total mass matrix is:
command M2GG, and is generated from the mass

element entries in the bulk data section.

PARAM, CMFTINIT
CMFTINIT 0.0 < REAL < 1.0 PARAM, CMFTINIT defines the lower threshold value used
Default = 0.0 for the HyperMesh command files *.HM.comp.cmf and
*.HM.ent.cmf.
These command files are used to organize elements,

which formed a topology or free-size design space, into
components (.comp.cmf) or sets (.ent.cmf), based on
their optimized densities/thicknesses.

PARAM, CMFTSTEP
CMFTSTEP 0.0 < REAL < 1.0 PARAM, CMFTSTEP defines the step or interval value
Default = 0.1 used for the HyperMesh command files *.HM.comp.cmf
and *.HM.ent.cmf.
These command files are used to organize elements,

which formed a topology or free-size design space, into
components (.comp.cmf) or sets (.ent.cmf), based on
their optimized densities/thicknesses.

PARAM, CMSALOD
CMSALOD <YES, NO> PARAM, CMSALOD controls the generation of RFORCE and
Default = YES Gravity loads from the mass matrix stored in the PUNCH
DMIG or H3DDMIG file.
If YES, the RFORCE and Gravity loads include the

contribution from the mass matrix stored in the PUNCH
DMIG or H3DDMIG file.
If NO, the DMIG mass contribution is ignored when

generating the RFORCE and Gravity loads.
Refer to Direct Matrix Input and DMIG.

PARAM, CMSDIRM
CMSDIRM YES, NO PARAM, CMSDIRM allows flexible body generation when

Default = NO directional masses are defined in the input file.
If YES, the existence of directional mass will be allowed

for flexbody generation runs. A warning will be issued for
the ignored or approximated CMASS1, CMASS2, and
CONM1.
If NO, the run will be terminated with an ERROR if the

input file contains directional mass definitions and flexible
body generation is requested.
See the User’s Guide entry on Flexible Body Generation.

PARAM, CMSOFST
CMSOFST <YES, NO> PARAM, CMSOFST applies to Component Mode Synthesis

Default = NO (CMS) runs for flexbody generation.
While element offsets are valid for DMIG generation, that

is performing CMS with METHOD = CBN or GUYAN, they
are undesirable for flexbody generation, that is
performing CMS with METHOD = CC or CB, as it may
introduce approximation error into the generated
flexh3d file, and so in general, you will not solve these
problems.
However, the approximation error for plates offset by

half of their thickness, such that the grids can be
aligned on one side of the plate surface, is tolerable.
Setting this parameter to YES will allow problems with
this kind of offset to be solved.

PARAM, COEFFC
COEFFC Real > 0.0 Value of the friction coefficient on curvatures for one-
step stamping simulation.

PARAM, COMP2SHL
COMP2SHL YES, NO, If YES or blank, results of homogenization of composite

BULK properties (equivalent shell and material, PSHELL and
Default = NO MAT2) will be printed in a descriptive form in the
“.out” file.
If NO, echo of composite homogenization will not be

printed.
If BULK, then results of composite homogenization

(equivalent PSHELL and MAT2) will be printed in a
version corresponding to bulk data input in large field
(long) format. This version can be cut and pasted
directly into an OptiStruct input deck.
Note: The equivalent shell and materials represent

composite properties as they are defined in the
input deck. In optimization runs involving
composites, OptiStruct internally adjusts and
changes the composite properties. Such
changes are not reflected in the equivalent
shell results printed by this command.

PARAM, CONTFEL
CONTFEL <YES, NO> If YES, Contact-friendly elements are activated.

Default = NO PARAM, CONTFEL, YES is recommended when second
order solids/gaskets are used with contact analysis in
OptiStruct.
If NO, Contact-friendly elements are not activated.

PARAM, COUPMASS
COUPMASS -1, 0, 1, YES, If -1, 0 or NO, the lumped mass matrix approach is used
NO for eigenvalue analysis.
Default = NO
If 1 or YES, the coupled mass matrix approach is used
for eigenvalue analysis.

PARAM, CP2
CP2 Real CP2 specifies factors for the direct input load matrix.
Default = 1.0 The total load matrix is:
command P2G, and is generated from the static

load entries in the bulk data section.

PARAM, CSTEVAL
CSTEVAL YES, NO This parameter controls whether to use wall time based
Default = YES cost evaluation to provide the optimal performance in
running Lanczos steps.
The wall time based cost evaluation is a function of

system performance, hence it could be influenced by the
system load. Although it rarely happens, this influence
could result in a different number of Lanczos steps,
which could cause the resulting eigenvalues having a
round off difference. In most cases, this small difference
in solution is completely negligible for analysis. However,
it can produce visible differences in optimization runs or
in any solution that is sensitive to the small difference of
the obtained eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
If Yes, the wall time based cost evaluation is performed.
If NO, the wall time based cost evaluation is not

performed.

PARAM, CSTOL
CSTOL <Real> PARAM, CSTOL relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default = 3.5
If the low rank representation is not selected, then a
cancellation tolerance must be provided. The CSTOL
value specifies how many decimal digits may be lost to
cancellation in one operation during the eigensolution
process. Since double precision arithmetic maintains
nearly 16 digits of precision, the recommended limit of
3.5 on the number of digits lost leaves more than 12
digits, which is quite conservative for maintaining
adequate accuracy for engineering purposes. You may
choose to increase this value to speed computation, at
the risk of introducing inaccuracy from uncorrected
cancellation error. Setting it to 16 turns off the
capability to address cancellation error in the
eigensolution, and this has consistently been found to
give very satisfactory results when the number of modes
is under three thousand.
Refer to the User’s Guide section, FastFRS Usage (Fast

Frequency Response Solver) for more details.

PARAM, DFREQ
DFREQ Real DFREQ specified the threshold for the elimination of

Default = 10-5 duplicate frequencies on all FREQi bulk data entries.
and are considered duplicated if
where and are the maximum and minimum

excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.

PARAM, DISIFMCK
DISIFMCK <YES, NO> For vibrational eigenvalue analysis, the mass matrix must be
Default = NO positive semi-definite. However, if this is simply caused by
numerical ill-conditioning, then PARAM,DISIFMCK may be used
to skip the indefinite mass matrix check.
YES Skip indefinite mass matrix checking.
NO Perform indefinite mass matrix checking.

PARAM, DISJOINT
DISJOINT <Integer> DISJOINT is used to allow AMLS to handle disconnected

Default = NONE parts. This can also be accomplished with
PARAM,AMLSUCON.
PARAM, DISJOINT should be set to one larger than the

number of disconnected parts as determined by AMLS.
PARAM, DISJOINT causes the environment variable
AMLS_NPART to be set to the value of PARAM, DISJOINT.
AMLS will read the value of AMLS_NPART and handle the
disconnected structure.
PARAM, DISJOINT can be set to a real value for

compatibility, but it is recommended to use an integer
value.

PARAM, DUPTOL
DUPTOL <0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5> PARAM, DUPTOL controls how many decimal places
Default = 0 can differ when comparing X, Y, and Z coordinates on
GRID and CORDxx cards with identical ID. Obsolete,
use SYSSETTINGS,DUPTOL command.

PARAM, EFFMAS
Param Values Description

eter
EFFMA <YES, When EFFMAS < 0 or NO, the modal participation factors, modal
S NO, participation factor ratio, and modal effective mass are not output for
Integer> normal modes analysis.
Default =
NO When EFFMAS > 0 or YES, the modal participation factors, modal
participation factor ratio, and modal effective mass will be computed and
output to the .out and .pch files for normal modes analysis. They are
computed as follows:
Modal Participation Factor =
The Modal Participation Factor is a measure of how close each mode is

to a rigid body mode.
The Modal Participation Factor Ratio is the Modal Participation Factor for
each rotational and translational direction divided by the maximum Modal
Participation Factor of all the modes for that direction. So, each of the
six directions will have a value of 1.0 for the mode that has the
maximum Modal Participation Factor and the other modes will have a
value less than 1.0.
Modal Effective Mass =
The Modal Effective Mass is a measure of how much mass is associated

with each mode.
whe is the matrix of eigenvectors.

re
[m] is the system mass matrix.
[V] is the objective function matrix. Six rigid body modes are
used as objective function in normal modes analysis to
obtain [PF] and [EFFMAS].
[M] is the diagonal modal mass matrix.

PARAM, EHD
EHD <YES, NO> This parameter is used to print the inverse of the
Default = NO stiffness matrix created by static reduction to FORTRAN
unit 3. The inverse reduced stiffness matrix is written in
NASTRAN MATPRN format.
To perform static reduction there must be ASET data

and PARAM,EXTOUT,DMIGPCH in the input data. After
the stiffness matrix is reduced to the ASET DOF, its
inverse is calculated and written using NASTRAN
MATPRN format to FORTRAN unit 3.
PARAM,EXTOUT,DMIGPCH must also be specified when

this parameter is used in order to trigger the static
reduction.

PARAM, ELASRLMT
ELASRLMT <Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0> stiffness value for rotational components on the
CELAS2/4 or PELAS entry exceeds the specified limit
Default = 1.0E +
(ELASRLMT).
09
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, ELASSTIF

PARAM, ELASSTIF
Description
This parameter can accept two arguments. If only one argument is specified, the same value
is used for the second argument.
Format
PARAM, ELASSTIF, <ELASSTIFT>, <ELASSTIFR>
ELASSTIFT <Real Number > This parameter controls the value of field “K” in the
0.0> PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
CELAS4 scalar spring property and connection entries.
No default
ELASSTIFT:
This value applies to translational stiffness fields on the
PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
CELAS4 scalar spring property and connection entries.
ELASSTIFR:
This value applies to rotational stiffness values on the
ELASSTIFR <Real Number > PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
0.0> CELAS4 scalar spring property and connection entries.
Default =
Note:
<ELASSTIFT>
1. Any value on the field “K” on the PELAS or CELAS2/
CELAS4 entry which exceeds ELASSTIFT or
ELASSTIFR, respectively will be replaced by
ELASSTIFT or ELASSTIFR.
2. Either ELASSTIFT or ELASSTIFR (or both) can be set

to 0.0. This will disable stiffness control for the
corresponding translational or rotational stiffnesses.
3. Defaults:
a. If ELASSTIFT is input without specifying a value,

then OptiStruct will error out (no default). The
default for ELASSTIFR is ELASSTIFT.
b. If PARAM, BUSHSTIF is not included in the deck,

the elastic property value (Field K) is not replaced
regardless of its value (no stiffness control).

PARAM, ELASTLMT
ELASTLMT <Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0> stiffness value for translational components on the
CELAS2/4 or PELAS entry exceeds the specified limit
Default = 1E+07
(ELASTLMT).
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, ELASSTIF


PARAM, ENFMOTN
ENFMOTN <REL, ABS, If ABS, TOTAL or blank, the displacements/velocities/

TOTAL> accelerations output during Modal Frequency Response
Default = ABS Analysis and Modal Transient Response Analysis are the
total/absolute displacements/velocities/accelerations
that include the specified enforced motion. Stresses/
forces will be calculated (if requested) based on the
total displacements/velocities/accelerations.
If REL, the displacements/velocities/accelerations output

during Modal Frequency Response Analysis and Modal
Transient Response Analysis are relative to the enforced
motion specified in the model. Stresses/forces will be
calculated (if requested) based on the relative
displacements/velocities/accelerations.

PARAM, ERPC
ERPC Real > 0.0 The speed of sound used in the ERP calculation:
Default = 1.0

PARAM, ERPREFDB
ERPREFDB Real > 0.0 This parameter can be used to specify the reference
Default = 1.0 power value used to calculate Equivalent Radiated Power
(ERP) in decibels (dB).
Note:
The Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP) in decibels can be

calculated using the following equation:
Where,
ERPdB is the Equivalent Radiated Power in decibels.
RHOCP is the value of the scale factor specified using

the parameter PARAM, RHOCP.
ERPREFDB is the reference power value specified using

this parameter.

PARAM, ERPRHO
ERPRHO Real > 0.0 The fluid density used in ERP calculations:
Default = 1.0

PARAM, ERPRLF
ERPRLF Real > 0.0 The Radiation Loss Factor used in the ERP calculation:
Default = 1.0

PARAM, EXCEXB
EXCEXB <YES, BOTH, NO> This parameter controls the output of the AVL/EXCITE
.exb file directly from OptiStruct.
Defaults
If this parameter If YES, the AVL/EXCITE .exb file is output.
is included in the
If BOTH, the AVL/EXCITE .exb file and the old files
input file, but, no
(.doft, .geom, _mff.out4, _x2oa.out4, and .out4)
value is provided,
then the default are output.
value is YES. If NO, the AVL EXCITE interface output files are not
If this parameter output.
is not included in Note: PARAM, EXCEXB, YES/BOTH should be used in
the input file (and conjunction with PARAM, EXCOUT. OptiStruct will
PARAM, EXCOUT error out if PARAM, EXCEXB, YES/BOTH is
is present), then specified without PARAM, EXCOUT in the model.
the default value
is BOTH.

PARAM, EXCOUT
EXCOUT <-1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, Output of condensed superelement information for AVL/

6> EXCITE.
Default = 0
-1 No output.
0 All output.
1 DOF, geometry, and elements tables (GEOM1,

GEOM2, EQEXIN, and USET), as well as the
reduced mass and stiffness matrices (MAA and
KMAA).
3 1 + eigenvectors of the full system (GOA

transpose).
4 3 + unreduced mass matrix (MFF).
5 1 + eigenvectors of condensed system (PHA) and

the grid point stress table (OGS1).
6 4 + eigenvectors of condensed system (PHA) and

the grid point stress table (OGS1).
1. When PARAM,EXCOUT,1 is defined, only the ASET

dofs are output when the MODEL card is not
present. Otherwise, the entire model is output when
the MODEL card is not present.
2. PARAM, EXCEXB, BOTH is automatically activated if

PARAM, EXCOUT is present in the input deck.

PARAM, EXPERTNL
EXPERTNL YES, NO, YES activates a nonlinear "expert system" that aids in the
CNTSTB, convergence of small displacement nonlinear problems
AUTO (NLSTAT). This version is designed to facilitate obtaining
converged, high accuracy solutions without much concern
Default = for computational time. The system monitors the
AUTO convergence of nonlinear processes and, if needed,
implements measures designed to improve convergence for
poorly converging cases. These measures include:
performing additional iterations, under-relaxation, automatic
adjustment of the load increment, as well as backing off to
the last convergent solution and retrying. This may lead to
a large number of nonlinear iterations for poorly converging
problems.
CNTSTB additionally introduces temporary stabilization on

contact interfaces (CONTACT or GAP(G) elements) that may
improve nonlinear convergence, especially in cases where
individual parts lack full support and are supported only by
contact. The stabilization is applied only during incremental
loading and is not present in the final solution for the
respective nonlinear subcase.
AUTO activates a “light” version of the expert system, which

is designed to facilitate converging nonlinear process in
reasonably close to minimum number of iterations. In
particular, this version may adjust the time step, including
increasing the time step beyond that prescribed on the
NLPARM card.
This parameter does not apply to geometric nonlinear

solution sequences (NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN).

PARAM, EXTOUT
EXTOUT DMIGPCH, EXTOUT controls the output of reduced matrices to

DMIGBIN external data files for use in subsequent analyses.
No default
If DMIGPCH, the matrices are written to an ASCII .pch
file.
If DMIGBIN, the matrices are written to a binary .dmg

file.
See the User's Guide section The Direct Matrix Approach

for more detailed information.

PARAM, FASTFR
FASTFR <YES, NO> If, AUTO (Default), the faster method is automatically
Default = AUTO chosen by the program for Modal Frequency Response
Analysis. If the FASTFR method is not activated, the
standard method is used (see comments).
If YES, and if FASTFR is allowed (see comments), it

activates an alternative method to run Modal Frequency
Response Analysis that enhances the performance.
If NO, the FASTFR method is deselected and the program

is run using the standard solution method.
Comments:
The FASTFR method will be ignored for Modal Frequency
Response Analysis, if:
1. Multiple modal spaces exist in the model.
2. Single Program, Multiple Data (SPMD) parallelization

has been requested.
3. Viscous degrees of freedom are significantly large.
The FASTFR method will be allowed, if Shared Memory

Parallelism (SMP) parallelization has been requested by
specifying the number of processors using the –nproc run
option.

PARAM, FFRS
FFRS <YES, NO> This parameter is used to invoke the external FastFRS
Default = NO (Fast Frequency Response Solver). This solver is very
efficient for a certain class of large modal frequency
response problems, such as those common in automotive
NVH analysis. Note that FastFRS must be installed on the
system and the environment variable FASTFRS_EXE must
point to the FastFRS executable for this setting to work.
If YES, then the external FastFRS solver is used.
If NO, then the internal solver is used.


PARAM, FFRSLFREQ
FFRSLFREQ <Real> PARAM, FFRSLFREQ relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default = 1.0
It defines a frequency cut-off value in Hertz used to
partition the structural system into low frequency and
high frequency parts, to improve matrix condition
numbers and solution accuracy at a very small
computational cost.
If the value is defined as 0.0, then FastFRS will set

FFRSLFREQ to 1.0.


PARAM, FFRSMEM
FFRSMEM <Real> This parameter is used to define the amount of memory in

Gigabytes to be used by the external FastFRS modal
Default = equation solver. This parameter is only valid for FastFRS
Memory used versions 2 and higher.
by OptiStruct
for a particular Note:
run. 1. If this parameter is not set, FastFRS will use the
amount of memory that OptiStruct is using for the
run.
2. If the environment variable FFRS_MEM is set, it will

override the value set using PARAM, FFRSMEM.
3. OptiStruct and FastFRS can be run with different

allocations of memory. For example, OptiStruct can
be run with 10.0 Gigabytes and FastFRS with 20.0
Gigabytes in the same run.
4. This parameter is only valid when PARAM, FFRS is set

to YES.


PARAM, FFRSNCPU
FFRSNCPU <Integer> PARAM, FFRSNCPU relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default =
number of cpu's This parameter is used to define the number of cpu’s to
used by be used by the external FastFRS solver. This parameter
OptiStruct. will set the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS.
The default value is the current value of
OMP_NUM_THREADS.
Note
1. If FFRSNCPU is not set, but AMLSNCPU is set, the

FastFRS will use the number of cpu’s specified by
AMLSNCPU.
2. OptiStruct and FastFRS can be run with different

allocations of processors. For example, OptiStruct
can be run with one processor and FastFRS with four
processors in the same run.
3. This parameter is only valid when PARAM, FFRS or

the run option –ffrs is set to YES.


PARAM, FLEXH3D
FLEXH3D AUTO, YES, NO This parameter controls the generation of flexh3d files
Default = AUTO for flexible bodies in an MBD analysis.
If AUTO, flexh3d files are generated only for those

flexible bodies for which no previously generated
flexh3d file exists. Previously generated flexh3d files
are checked for validity; if the file is valid for the
corresponding flex-body definition, the run will
continue using the existing flexh3d file. If the file is
found to be invalid (has a different mass or the wrong
number of grids), an error termination will occur.
If YES, flexh3d files are generated for all flexible

bodies, overwriting existing files (if present).
If NO, flexh3d files are not generated. The run makes

use of previously generated files. An error termination
will occur if no such files exist.

PARAM, FLIPOK
FLIPOK NO, YES If YES, severely distorted and possibly inverted elements
Default = NO will be accepted by the solver. This is limited to first
order tetra (CTETRA) and tria (CTRIA3) elements.
If NO, severely distorted elements will not be accepted

by the solver, and the solution will be terminated with an
error to avoid inaccurate results.

PARAM, FRIC
FRIC <REAL> PARAM, FRIC defines a multiplier for matrices (DMIG)

Default = 1.0 referenced by K2PP.

PARAM, FZERO
FZERO <Real> This parameter defines the maximum frequency for a rigid
Default = 0.1 body mode for the Lanczos eigensolver. That is all
eigenmodes with frequency at or below this cutoff will be
regarded as rigid body modes in the inertia relief
analysis.
Note:
To set the rigid body mode cutoff eigenvalue for the

AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers, use PARAM, RBMEIG.

PARAM, G
G <Real> G specifies the uniform structural damping coefficient in

Default = 0.0 the formulation of dynamics problems.
To obtain the value for the parameter G, multiply the

critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
Note:
To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency

response or Modal transient analyses when the SDAMPING
bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the steps
1. The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should

be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk data entry is
referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information
entry.
2. Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk

data entry equal to half of the value of PARAM, G
(that is set the constant value to C/C0).
3. Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1.

PARAM, GE_MOD
GE_MOD <Real or The real value of GE_MOD overrides the value of GE

NO_GE> specified in all MATx material data, sets the table ID for
No default GE on the MATTx material data to zero, and overrides the
value of GE specified on the PCOMP, PCOMPP, and
PCOMPG data. GE_MOD can be set to 0.0 to remove all
material-based structural damping from the model. The
damping from PARAM, G will also be applied when GE_MOD
is present.
The GE_MOD setting of NO_GE is used to remove all

structural damping from the model. When NO_GE is
specified, the value of GE will be set to zero on all MATx
material data and the GE values specified in the CELAS2,
PELAS, PELAST, PBUSH, PBUSHT, PCOMP, PCOMPP, and
PCOMPG data will also be set to zero. In addition, the
table ID for GE on MATTx material data will be set to
zero. PARAM, G can be used to set the value to a
constant value for the entire structure.

PARAM, GFL
GFL <Real> GFL specifies the uniform fluid damping coefficient in the
Default = 0.0 formulation of dynamics problems. To obtain the value
for the parameter GFL, multiply the critical damping
ration, C/C0, by 2.0.
In coupled fluid-structure models, PARAM, G is applied to

structural portion and PARAM, GFL to the fluid portion.

PARAM, GMAR
GMAR <REAL> PARAM, GMAR is used to control the accuracy of the

Default = 1.1 AMLS solution.

more details.

PARAM, GMAR1
GMAR1 <REAL> PARAM, GMAR1 is used to control the accuracy of the


more details.

PARAM, GPSLOC
GPSLOC Z1, Z2 and MID Used to control the where grid point stresses are
calculated for output to the .mnf file.
Default = Z1
The highest stresses are at the bottom (Z1) or top (Z2)
surface of the shell. For pure bending, they have the
same magnitude.
GPSLOC is used to specify the location of the calculation

of the grid point stresses. They can be calculated at the
bottom surface (Z1), top surface (Z2), or at the mid-
plane (MID).

PARAM, GRDPNT
GRDPNT <GID> If = -1, no output from grid point weight generator.
If = 0, the center of gravity coordinates are relative to

the origin of the basic coordinate system and are
Default = -1 expressed in the coordinate system CID.
If > 0, the center of gravity coordinates are relative to

GID and are expressed in the coordinate system CID.
Note:
1. The coordinate system CID is defined by PARAM,

UCORD.
2. If PARAM, UCORD is not specified, CID = -1, or CID

given is not found, all values are calculated relative
to the basic coordinate system.
3. If PARAM, GRDPNT is not specified in the input deck,

then the center of gravity and moment of inertia are
not output regardless of the value of PARAM, UCORD.

PARAM, GRIDFORM
GRODFORM < LONG, SHORT > This parameter controls the output format of the
Default = SHORT .grid file.
If LONG, the Large Field Fixed Format is used to

output the .grid file.
If SHORT (Default), the Fixed Format is used to

output the .grid file.

PARAM, GYROAVG
GYROAVG <0, -1> This parameter is used to select the frequency

Default = 0 response analysis formulation type for rotor dynamics
analysis.
PARAM, GYROAVG, 0
If this formulation is selected, the frequency-

dependent rotor dynamics terms are calculated for
each frequency. A frequency-dependent looping
option is activated, however, the run time is higher
compared to PARAM, GYROAVG, -1 as the calculation
process has to be repeated for each frequency in
the specified range.
PARAM, GYROAVG, -1
If this formulation is selected, frequency-dependent

looping does not occur and an average frequency
method is used to calculate the rotor dynamic terms.
The run time is lower compared to PARAM, GYROAVG,
0 as this option avoids intensive calculations for
each frequency. PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4 must
be specified for this formulation to include rotor
damping.
Refer to the User’s Guide section, Rotor Dynamics

for more details.

PARAM, HASHASSM
HASHASSM YES, NO This parameter is used to enable the hash-table based

Default = NO assembly method.
The hash-table based assembly method reduces the

memory requirement of the assembly module by about a
factor of 3 for linear static analyses, by about a factor of
5 for eigenvalue analyses, and by about a factor of 7 for
frequency response analyses involving material damping.
The reduction in the overall memory requirement is

problem-dependant. For problems where modules other
than the assembly module are dictating the overall
memory requirement, using this alternative assembly
method will not result in a reduction in the overall memory
requirement.
Using the hash-table based assembly method while

possibly reducing memory requirements may result in
longer run times.
If YES, hash-table based assembly method is used.
If NO, hash-table based assembly method is not used.

PARAM, HFREQ
HFREQ Real> Modes with frequencies higher than HFREQ are not used
(Hertz) in Modal Frequency Response and Modal Transient
Analysis.
Default = None
HFREQ is used in Response Spectrum Analysis to specify
Defaults the upper bound of the frequency range of interest for
modal combination.
If PARAM,
HFREQ is input Note:
without
specifying a 1. The Residual Vector (RESVEC) calculation still
value, then the includes the modes above HFREQ so that they are
solution runs normalized correctly.
into an error 2. Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, HFREQ will
display:
a) an “S” next to the mode number if the mode is

eliminated by MODESELECT in one subcase and
PARAM, HFREQ in another subcase, or
b) an “H” next to the mode number if the mode is

eliminated only by PARAM, HFREQ.

PARAM, HFREQFL
HFREQFL Real> Modes with frequencies greater than HFREQFL are not
(Hertz) used in Coupled Modal Frequency Response Analysis.
HFREQFL can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from
Default = None the Modal Space.
Defaults Note: Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, HFREQFL will

If PARAM, display an “H” next to the mode number.
HFREQFL is
input without
specifying a
value, then the
solution runs
into an error

PARAM, I64SLV
I64SLV YES, NO This parameter is used to enforce the activation of

Default = NO internal long (64-bit) integer sparse direct solver. With
automatic memory allocation mode, the solver
automatically decides whether or not to switch the 64-bit
integer solver on. However, even if the 64-bit integer
solver is not the preferred choice in certain scenarios,
this parameter can still be used to enforce activation.
YES: the long (64-bit) integer sparse direct solver is

used.
NO: the short (32-bit) integer sparse direct solver is

used.

PARAM, INREL
INREL < 0, -1, -2 > INREL controls the calculation of inertia relief.
Default = 0, for -2 requests inertia relief analysis without the need

static subcases for a SUPORT/SUPORT1 entry.
Default = -2, for -1 requests that inertia relief be performed.

modal frequency SUPORT or SUPORT1 cards are required in the bulk
response subcases data section to restrain rigid body motion. The total
number of degrees-of-freedom specified on SUPORT
and SUPORT1 cards must be less than or equal to
six.
0 requests that constrained analysis be performed.

SUPORT and SUPORT1 cards are treated like SPC in
this case.

PARAM, ITAPE
ITAPE -1, 0 If ITAPE = -1, then the ‘Tape Label’ is written at the
Default = -1 beginning of the OUTPUT2 results file.

PARAM, INTRFACE
INTRFACE YES, NO If YES, OptiStruct generates the .interface file which

Default = YES contains data about the Fluid-Structure Coupling. The
.interface file can then be loaded into HyperMesh to
verify if the Fluid and Structure meshes are properly
connected at the interface. The parameters that
determine the Fluid-Structure coupling are set in the
ACMODL Data.
If NO, the .interface file is not generated.
Comments
1. When the fluid domain is represented by an MFLUID card, and PARAM, INTRFACE, YES is
specified, OptiStruct generates the .wetel file which contains data about the wet
elements resulting from MFLUID cards. The .wetel file can then be loaded into HyperMesh
to visualize the locations of submerged/damp elements in the model.

PARAM, K4CUTOFF
K4CUTOFF <Real> PARAM, K4CUTOFF relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default = 0.1
If the low rank representation for the structural damping
matrix is selected, a cut-off value must be set. The
value is set using K4CUTOFF.


PARAM, KDAMP
KDAMP < 1, -1 > If KDAMP is set to –1, modal damping is entered into the
Default = 1 complex stiffness matrix as material damping.
If KDAMP is set to 1, modal damping is entered into the

complex stiffness matrix as viscous damping.
Note:
To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency

response or Modal transient analyses when the SDAMPING
subcase information entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the
steps described here can be followed:
1. The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should

be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk data entry is
referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
2. Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk

data entry equal to half of the value of PARAM, G (that
is set the constant value to C/C0).
3. Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1 (See description above).

PARAM, KGRGD
KGRGD YES, NO If YES, the rigid elements contribution to the geometric

Default = NO stiffness matrix is included. This may result in missing
buckling modes that are found in other codes.
If NO, the rigid elements contribution to the geometric

stiffness matrix is omitted. This is the default.

PARAM, LFREQ
LFREQ <Real> Modes with frequencies less than LFREQ are not used in
(Hertz) Modal Frequency Response and Modal Transient Analysis.
LFREQ can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from the
Default = None Modal Space.
Defaults LFREQ is used in Response Spectrum Analysis to specify

If PARAM, the lower bound of the frequency range of interest for
LFREQ is input modal combination.
without
specifying a Note:
value, then the 1. The Residual Vector (RESVEC) calculation still includes
solution runs the modes below LFREQ so that they are normalized
into an error. correctly.
2. Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, LFREQ will

display:
a) an “S” next to the mode number, if the mode is

eliminated by MODESELECT in one subcase and
PARAM, LFREQ in another subcase, or
b) an “L” next to the mode number, if the mode is

eliminated only by PARAM, LFREQ.

PARAM, LFREQFL
LFREQFL Real> Modes with frequencies less than LFREQFL are not used
(Hertz) in Coupled Modal Frequency Response Analysis. LFREQFL
can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from the Modal
Default = None Space.
Defaults Note: Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, LFREQFL will

If PARAM, display an “L” next to the mode number.
LFREQFL is
input without
specifying a
value, then the
solution runs
into an error

PARAM, LGDISP
LGDISP <0, 1, -1> If LGDISP = 1, Large displacement nonlinear static analysis

Default = 0 is activated. The corresponding nonlinear solution
parameters should be specified in the NLPARM bulk data
entry.
If LGDISP = 0 or -1, Large displacement nonlinear static

analysis is deactivated (Small displacement nonlinear static
analysis is the default). The corresponding nonlinear
solution parameters should be specified in the NLPARM bulk
data entry.

PARAM, LMSOUT
LMSOUT <YES, NO, This parameter controls the output of the condensed flex
STRESS> body modes, full diagonal mass matrix, and modal stresses
Default = NO to the .op2 file.
If YES, the condensed flex body modes and the full diagonal
mass matrix are output to the .op2 file.
If STRESS, the modal stresses are also output to the .op2

file.
If NO, the condensed flex body modes, full diagonal mass

matrix and the modal stresses are not output to the .op2
file.

PARAM, LOWRANK
LOWRANK <0,-1 or 1> PARAM, LOWRANK relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default = 0
It indicates to FastFRS which solution strategy to use to
handle the modal structural damping matrix.
If the value is 0, then FastFRS computes a full eigensolution

using the data found in either the optimization FSPSD data
block or the diagonal stiffness and structural damping data
blocks.
If the value is -1, a low rank representation of the matrix

found in structural damping is used.
A special case of this option occurs when acoustic fluid is

present in the model and the matrices found in the fluid
mass matrix, fluid stiffness matrix, and fluid viscous damping
matrix data blocks are all diagonal. FastFRS takes
advantage of this special case when the value of LOWRANK
is set to 1 by treating the matrix found in the structural
damping data block and the fluid matrices as low rank
representations. Note that for optimization problems, the
mass and stiffness matrices are full and a low rank
representation cannot be used.


PARAM, MASSDMIG
MASSDMIG YES, NO For static condensation with ASET of a static loadcase,

Default = NO the reduced stiffness matrix [k] and load vector {p} are
created. If the reduced mass matrix is also desired,
then set PARAM, MASSDMIG to YES.

PARAM, MAXDAMP
MAXDAMP <Integer> Identifies the maximum number of viscous residual vectors

Default = 400 that are to be calculated. If MAXDAMP is exceeded, a
WARNING message is issued and no viscous residual
vectors are calculated.
Solution times can be greatly extended due to the

calculation of large numbers of viscous residual vectors, if
this is not intended by the user.

PARAM, MBDH3D
MBDH3D NODAL, MODAL, This parameter controls the type of results output
BOTH, NONE to the .h3d results format for MBD analyses.
Default = BOTH
If NODAL, nodal based results are output to the
.h3d results file.
If MODAL, modal based results are output to the

_mbd.h3d results file.
If BOTH, nodal results are output to the .h3d

results file and modal results are output to the
_mbd.h3d file.
If NONE, MBD results are not output to either the

.h3d or _mbd.h3d results file.
Note: If the HyperMesh output format is requested,

nodal based results will be output to the
.res file, regardless of this parameter
setting.

PARAM, MBDREC
MBDREC YES, NO PARAM, MBDREC creates two flexible body files

Default = NO during Component Mode Synthesis (CMS).
A small *.h3d is generated that contains the

minimum amount of information required for MBD
simulation in MotionSolve.
A larger file *_recov.h3d will also be generated that

contains the information from the small file as well as
recovery information for displacement, velocity,
acceleration, stress, and strain.
The large file is used along with the MotionSolve

calculated result (.mrf) file specified with the
ASSIGN, MBDINP data in an OptiStruct transient
analysis to recover displacement, velocity,
acceleration, stress, and strain results of the flex
body. These results can be output in the .op2 and
.h3d files.
See the User’s Guide entry on Flexible Body

Generation.

PARAM, MEMTRIM
MEMTRIM YES, NO This parameter is used to activate/deactivate the memory

Default = YES trim feature for AMLS runs.
AMLS is an external program that requires its own memory

and disk space to perform eigenvalue analysis. Without
memory trim, the total memory requirement (T) to perform
eigenvalue analysis using AMLS was the sum of the memory
required by OptiStruct (O), the memory exclusively
allocated for AMLS (A), and other miscellaneous memory
requirements; for example, MIO library requirement, (M).
Thus:
T = O + A + M.
With memory trim enabled, the total memory requirement is

reduced to:
T = max(O,A) + M.
If YES, memory trim is active.
If NO, memory trim is inactive.

PARAM, MFILTER
MFILTER <0.0 < real This parameter defines a threshold for the mode tracking
number < 1.0> matrix to check eigenvector correspondence.
Defaults: If an entry of the mode tracking matrix is greater than

the specified threshold, the eigenvectors of previous and
-If this current iterations (corresponding to the row number and
parameter is column number of the entry) are assumed to have
included in the correspondence.
input file, but, no
value is If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 0, the mass matrix based
provided, then cross-orthogonality criterion (CORC) is used to check for
running the
program will eigenvector correspondence, and PARAM, MFILTER is set
result in an to 0.7.
error. In such
cases a real If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 1, the modal assurance
value between criterion square root (MACSR) is used, and PARAM,
0.0 and 1.0 must MFILTER is set to 0.7.
be specified.
If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 2, the modal assurance
- If this criterion (MAC) is used and PARAM, MFILTER is set to be
parameter is not 0.5.
included in the
input file, then:
The value of
PARAM,
MFILTER is
equal to 0.7 if
PARAM,
TRAKMETH is
set to 0 or 1.
The value of
PARAM,
MFILTER is
equal to 0.5 if
PARAM,
TRAKMETH is
set to 2.

PARAM, MODETRAK
MODETRAK -1, 0, 1, YES, If -1, 0 or NO, mode tracking is not used. Mode numbers
NO are determined by frequency.
Default = NO
If 1 or YES, mode tracking is used. Mode numbers are
tracked by comparing eigenvectors between iterations.
Concerning mode tracking, the following symbols are used

in the output format:
* Indicates that the tracked mode was not found in

the modes retrieved for that iteration. If this mode
is not a part of the objective, optimization will
continue and mode will be tracked if found in later
iterations, otherwise optimization will stop. If
optimization is halted for this reason, increase the
number of modes or range of modes being retrieved.
~ Indicates that the tracked mode was found but

does not correlate well with the original mode.
Optimization will continue.
Note: In topology optimization, mode shapes can

change greatly due to the reorganization of
material within the design domain. For some
models, mode tracking may be of limited
effectiveness. Also, the values of optimized
modes may increase substantially during the
optimization process. You are advised to provide
a wide range or large number of modes in the
EIGRL card to protect against optimized modes
being lost.
Note: This parameter is ignored if a MODTRAK subcase

information entry is present in the input.

PARAM, NEGMASS
NEGMASS 0, 1 This parameter is used to check for negative

Default = 0 diagonal mass.
If 0, an error termination will occur if negative

diagonal mass is discovered.
If 1, negative diagonal mass or inertia from CONM2 is

allowed.

PARAM, NLAFILE
NLAFILE <YES, NO> This parameter controls the output of animation files (A-File)
Default = NO in geometric nonlinear analysis.
If YES, the animation files are retained after geometric

nonlinear analysis;
If NO, the animation files are removed after geometric

nonlinear analysis.

PARAM, NLFAT
NLFAT <YES, NO> PARAM, NLFAT, YES, forces OptiStruct to run models in which
Default = NO fatigue solutions (using the FATLOAD entry) reference
nonlinear quasi-static analysis (NLSTAT) subcases.
Defaults:
PARAM, NLFAT, NO, does not allow NLSTAT subcases to be
1. If this referenced by the FATLOAD data entry and the solution
parameter errors out if such models are run.
does not
exist in the Note:
deck, the
default PARAM, NLFAT, YES can be introduced to force OptiStruct to
behavior is run fatigue analysis based on a nonlinear subcase
NO. (ANALYSIS=NLSTAT). Nonlinear analysis results are not
recommended for use in a fatigue analysis because
2. If this nonlinear stresses and strains cannot be scaled and
parameter superimposed, however, acceptable results may be generated
exists in the in the following cases:
deck,
however, no During a nonlinear run (ANALYSIS=NLSTAT),
value (YES/ acceptable results may be generated if a model uses
NO) is elasto-plastic material and NEUBER correction is turned
specified, OFF (Plasticity field on FATPARM bulk data entry). This
then the statement is based on the assumption that nonlinear
default analysis is run until shakedown is achieved. If strain
behavior is results from the nonlinear analysis are used prior to
NO. shakedown, the fatigue results will most likely be
incorrect since the magnitude of plastic strain may not
be close to the steady state strain value.
Additionally, acceptable results may be generated if
contact based nonlinearity exists in the model
(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) and the contact area is not
expected to change appreciably as the load increases
(for example, surfaces that match from the beginning).
In both cases, the Scale and Offset fields on the FATLOAD
entry should be left blank as the stresses and strains cannot
be scaled and superimposed.
Regardless of the model type, fatigue results based on

nonlinear results using PARAM, NLFAT, YES should always be
interpreted with caution.

PARAM, NLRFILE
NLRFILE <YES, NO> This parameter controls the output of restart files (R-File) in
Default = NO geometric nonlinear analysis.
If YES, the restart files are retained after geometric

nonlinear analysis;
If NO, the restart files are removed after geometric

nonlinear analysis.

PARAM, NLRUN
NLRUN <YES, NO> The parameter controls if geometric nonlinear analysis

Default = YES subcases run automatically after these subcases in bulk
format are converted into block format.
If YES, geometric nonlinear analysis subcases run

automatically after conversion.
If NO, geometric nonlinear analysis subcases do not run

automatically after conversion.

PARAM, NPRBAR
NPRBAR <INTEGER> Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #741 for
Default = 3 RBAR elements.
Example of INFORMATION #741,
*** INFORMATION # 741

No need to constrain the rotational dof of this dependent
grid.
RBAR element id = 20436260
independent grid id = 20374048
dependent grid id = 20367448
This is because there isn't any stiffness and load on the
rotational dof of the dependent grid.

PARAM, NPRBE2
NPRBE2 <INTEGER> Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #741 for
Default = 3 RBE2 elements.

No need to constrain the rotational dof of this dependent
grid.
RBE2 element id = 20436260
dependent grid id = 20367448
This is because there isn't any stiffness and load on the
rotational dof of the dependent grid.

PARAM, NPRGDE
NPRGDE <INTEGER> Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #742.

Default = 3

The dependent rotational dof of this rigid element is
removed.
RBE2 element id = 20436262
a dependent grid id = 20367345
This is because there is no need to constrain the rotational
dof of any of the dependent grids.

PARAM, NUMEG
NUMEG <Integer> When ND on the EIGRL/EIGRA data is blank, the disk space
1000 estimate in the .out file for modal frequency response and
the transient analysis is based on the number of modes
specified by PARAM,NUMEG. When Lanczos is used, the disk
space estimate is based on this value plus the number of the
potential residual vectors. When AMLS/AMSES is used, the
disk space estimate is based only on the value of
PARAM,NUMEG. In this case, it is assumed that
PARAM,NUMEG includes the number of potential residual
vectors.

PARAM, OGEOM
OGEOM <YES, NO> PARAM, OGEOM controls the output of model (geometry)
Default = YES data to the .op2 file. This functionality is also
controlled by the MODEL/NOMODEL option on the
OUTPUT, OP2 I/O option, but this parameter setting will
override the OUTPUT, OP2 setting.
PARAM, OGEOM, YES will output model data to the .op2

file.
PARAM, OGEOM, NO will not output model data to the

.op2 file.

PARAM, OMACHPR
OMACHPR <YES, NO> PARAM, OMACHPR controls the Nastran version for some
Default = NO OP2 datablocks.
YES means that the new Nastran version should be used.
NO means that the old Nastran version should be used.

PARAM, OMID
OMID <YES, NO> Controls the coordinate system used by shell and
Default = YES membrane elements for stress and strain results.
This affects the recovery of optimization responses as

well as results output to the HM, PUNCH, and OPTI
output formats.
Stress and strain results are always output to OUTPUT2

and H3D output formats with reference to the elemental
system.
YES indicates that shell and membrane stresses/strains

are with reference to the material coordinate system, as
defined by the MID/THETA field of the element card.
NO indicates that shell and membrane stresses/strains are

with reference to the elemental coordinate system,
regardless of what is defined on the MID/THETA field of
the element card.

PARAM, OP2GM34
OP2GM34 <TRUE, FALSE> PARAM, OP2GM34 controls the output of GEOM3 and
Default = TRUE GEOM4 data blocks to the .op2 file if PARAM, POST, -1 is
specified.
PARAM, OP2GM34, TRUE will output GEOM3 and GEOM4

data blocks to the .op2 file if PARAM, POST, -1 is
specified.
PARAM, OP2GM34, FALSE will not output GEOM3 and

GEOM4 data blocks to the .op2 file.

PARAM, PLIGEXT
PLIGEXT <YES, NO> This parameter is used to print the applied load vector in
Default = NO DMIG form to the .pligext file. The DMIG NAME is
PLIGEXT.
To generate the .pligext file the oload(opti)=all

command must also be requested.

PARAM, POST
POST <0, -1, -2, -5> Adding PARAM, POST to the bulk data section of the
Default = 0 input deck will activate the creation of the .op2 file.
PARAM, POST, -1 will create the .op2 file with

displacement results output in the analysis system
and PARAM, ITAPE set to -1.
PARAM, POST, -2 will create the .op2 file with

displacement results output in the basic coordinate
system and PARAM, ITAPE set to 0. The GEOM3,
GPDT and GPL data blocks are also included in the
.op2 file when PARAM, POST, -2 is used.
PARAM, POST, -5 will write the stiffness and mass

matrices to the .k.op2 and the .m.op2 files,
respectively, in addition to creating the .op2 file with
displacement results output in the analysis system
and PARAM, ITAPE set to -1.

PARAM, POSTEXT
POSTEXT YES, NO If PARAM,POSTEXT,YES, the modal complex stiffness matrix

Default = NO (KHH) and, if it exists, the modal viscous damping matrix
(BHH) are written to the .op2 file when frequency
response analysis is performed.
The modal complex stiffness matrix is:
Where G is the PARAM,G structural damping value and

[Kge] is the structural damping matrix based on the
structural damping values on the MATi data.
The modal viscous damping matrix is:

PARAM, PRESUBNL
PRESUBNL YES, NO PARAM, PRESUBNL, YES forces OptiStruct to run models, in

which Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is
Default = NO defined, in conjunction with nonlinear materials (MATS1,
MATHE, or MGASK) or large displacement nonlinear
Defaults:
analysis.
If this
PARAM, PRESUBNL, NO does not allow Linear Buckling
parameter
Analysis or Preloaded Analysis with nonlinear materials or
does not exist
large displacement nonlinear analysis to be defined and the
in the deck,
solution errors out if such models are run.
the default
behavior is NO. Note: Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is not
recommended in models with nonlinear materials or
If this
large displacement nonlinear analysis. It is the user’s
parameter
responsibility to interpret such results with caution.
exists in the
deck,
however, no
value (YES/
NO) is
specified,
then the
default
behavior is NO.

PARAM, PRGPST
PRGPST < YES, NO, ALL, PRGPST controls the printing of AUTOSPC information
NONE,< number of to the .out file.
DOFs> >
PARAM, PRGPST, YES
Default = YES
A maximum of 100 degrees of freedom (DOF) of
AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.
PARAM, PRGPST, NO
No AUTOSPC data will be printed.

PARAM, PRGPST, NONE
Works exactly like PARAM, PRGPST, NO - No AUTOSPC

data will be printed.
PARAM, PRGPST, ALL
All AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.
PARAM, PRGPST, <number of DOF>
A maximum of <number of DOF> degrees of freedom

(DOF) of AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.

PARAM, PRINFACC
PRINFACC <1, 0> If 1, the inertia relief rigid body forces and
accelerations are printed to the .out file.
Defaults
If 0, the inertia relief rigid body forces and
1. The default is
accelerations are NOT printed to the .out file.
0, when the
parameter is
not present in
the deck.
2. The default is
1, when
PARAM,
PRINFACC is
input without
specifying a
value.

PARAM, RBE2FREE
RBE2FREE <YES, NO> Modeling errors can result in the creation of RBE2 elements
with rigid body rotations. This parameter can be used to
Default = NO convert ERROR 725 into WARNING 825 when singular RBE2
elements, with rotational rigid body modes in all three
directions, are present in the model.
YES
If PARAM, RBE2FREE, YES is specified, ERROR 725 is

converted into WARNING 825. For AMSES/AMLS SUBCASEs
the free rotational degrees of freedom are AUTOSPC’ed.
For static analysis and Lanczos eigenvalue analysis, the
run may fail due to singularities and ERROR 153 or 155 will
be issued.
NO
If PARAM, RBE2FREE, NO is specified, ERROR 725 is not

converted into WARNING 825 and models containing
singular RBE2 elements will error out.
Note:
To solve a problem with Lanczos or static analysis, AMSES

can used first to determine which RBE2 degrees of freedom
are AUTOSPC’ed. Single point constraints (SPC) can be
added to manually constrain such degrees of freedom in
subsequent static analysis or Lanczos eigenvalue analysis.

PARAM, RBE3FREE
RBE3FREE <YES, NO> Modeling errors can result in the creation of RBE3 elements
with free spiders. This parameter can be used to convert
Default = NO ERROR 772 into WARNING 824 when free spiders on RBE3
elements are present in the model. These free spiders may
contain singular degrees of freedom.
YES
If PARAM, RBE3FREE, YES is specified, ERROR 772 is

converted into WARNING 824.
For AMSES/AMLS runs the free spiders will be AUTOSPC’ed

if they are singular. This will cause invalid results as the
RBE3 will be constrained to ground. Check the AUTOSPC
output to make sure the free spiders are not AUTOSPC’ed.
If the free spiders are singular, Lanczos eigenvalue

solutions and static analysis runs will fail with ERROR’s 155
or 153.
NO
If PARAM, RBE3FREE, NO is specified, ERROR 772 is not

converted into WARNING. Models containing RBE3 elements
with free spiders will error out.

PARAM, RBMEIG
RBMEIG <REAL> PARAM, RBMEIG defines the cutoff eigenvalue for

Default = 1.0 determination of rigid body modes calculated by the AMLS
and AMSES eigensolvers.
Default
Note:
The default
cutoff 1. PARAM, RBMEIG functions in a similar manner to
eigenvalue PARAM, FZERO, which is used in models solved by the
(AMSES and Lanczos eigensolver.
AMLS) is 1.0, if 2. The default cutoff eigenvalue of 1.0 is equivalent to a
this parameter natural frequency of 0.16 Hz.
is not present
in the deck. 3. For the Lanczos eigensolver, use PARAM,FZERO to set
the cutoff frequency for rigid body modes.

PARAM, REANAL
REANAL 0.0 < Real < 1.0 This parameter is for restart runs of topology
No default optimizations only.
Inclusion of this parameter on a restart run will cause

the last iteration to be reanalyzed without penalization.
If the value given is less than the value of MINDENS

(default = 0.01) used in the optimization, all elements
will be assigned the densities they had during the final
iteration of the optimization. As there is no
penalization, stiffness will now be proportional to
density.
If the value given is greater than the value of MINDENS,

those elements whose density is less than the given
value will have density equal to MINDENS, all others will
have a density of 1.0.

PARAM, RECOVER
Param Value Description

eter s
RECOVE <LB, <LB, UB>:

R UB>
They represent the Lower Bound (LB) and the Upper Bound (UB) of
the frequencies between which the full-structure mode shapes are
requested instead of the modes of the condensed system generated
during Component Mode Synthesis (CMS).
LB (real > 0.0, optional):
Mode shapes of the full-structure, at frequencies greater than “LB”,

will be output to the .op2 file.
UB (real > 0.0, mandatory):
Mode shapes of the full-structure, at frequencies lower than “UB”, will

be output to the .op2 file.
Note:
1. The following example implementations are incorrect and will

result in an ERROR:
PARAM, RECOVER, 30.0, 20.0 (as UB < LB)

PARAM, RECOVER, ,0.0 (as UB 0)
Defaults
1. The mode shapes of the condensed system (only) generated during CMS are output when
this parameter is not present in the deck.
2. If PARAM, RECOVER is input without specifying a value, the program results in an ERROR.
3. LB is optional and the default for LB is 0.0, if it is left blank.

PARAM, RENUMOK
RENUMOK <YES, NO, If YES or BLANK, when the solid element grids are listed
BLANK> in the order that would make the element inside out,
Default = NO they are automatically re-ordered. In this way, running
(importing and exporting) the model through HyperMesh
to get the corrected element grid sequence can be
avoided.
If NO, when the element grids are input in reverse

order, they are not re-sequenced to the correct order.
OptiStruct will error out if such element grid ordering
exists.
Note:
1. If the element grids are input in a random order,

then PARAM, RENUMOK will not be able to correct
the sequence. OptiStruct will error out in such
cases.
2. If PARAM, RENUMOK is not specified (default), then

the default is NO. This is different from specifying
PARAM, RENUMOK and leaving the value field blank,
which implies YES.
3. If PARAM,RENUMOK is used and the .fem file is used

for the model information file in HyperView, then
corner stresses for the solid elements will be wrong
when the .h3d or .op2 files are used for the results
file. So, if PARAM,RENUMOK is used, HyperView
should use the .op2 or .h3d file for the model
information file.

PARAM, RFIOUT
RFIOUT <YES, NO> This parameter controls the output of modal super
Default = NO element for use in the RecurDyn multibody dynamics
software from FunctionBay. This information is written
to the .rfi file. This should be used with CMSMETH
CBN and ASET DOF for the connection points.
If YES, the modal super element is output to the .rfi

file.
If NO, the .rfi file is not created.
Note:
This .rfi file can be created only by OptiStruct

executables running on 64-bit Windows machines. This
file cannot be created while using OptiStruct on Linux or
Mac OS X machines.

PARAM, RHOCP
RHOCP Real > 0.0 The scale factor used to calculate ERP in decibels (dB).
Default = 1.0 The calculation is:

PARAM, RSPLICOR
RSPLICOR 0, 1, REAL > 1.0 RSPLINE end rotation correction.

Default = 0
0: No correction
1: two RSPLINE ends have rotation correction
>1: Defines cut-off angle. Two RSPLINE ends have

rotation correction. If two consecutive RSPLINE
sections have an angle larger then the cut-off angle,
rotation correction is applied to the shared RESPLINE
node.

PARAM, SEP1XOVR
SEP1XOVR 0, 16 The old and new location of moved shell grid points are
Default = 0 printed if SEP1XOVR = 16. When the RSSCON shell-to-
solid element connector is used. By default, the moved
shell grid points are not printed, SEP1XOVR = 0.
See the description of PARAM,TOLRSC for more details.

PARAM, SEPLOT
SEPLOT <YES, NO> PARAM, SEPLOT can be used during CMS analysis (only
Default = YES with the CBN method) to create a .seplot file that
contains the ASET grid data as well as the GRID and
Defaults: PLOTEL data defined using the MODEL I/O Option. The
data is written to the .seplot file in OptiStruct.
The value of this
parameter is YES,
YES: The .seplot file is created.
if it is included in
the input file, but
NO: The .seplot file is not created.
no value is
provided.
The value of this

parameter is NO,
if it is not
included in input
file.

PARAM, SH4NRP
SH4NRP 0, 1, 2 This parameter controls the full projection of 4-node shell

elements in NLGEOM implicit analysis.
Default = 0 in
NLGEOM If 0, the full projection for warped QEPH shell elements will
subcase be deactivated. This option may improve the implicit
nonlinear analysis with QEPH warped shell elements if the
Default = 1 in rigid rotation of warped elements is small enough.
IMPDYN
subcase If 1, the full projection for warped elements will be applied
only for internal force calculation; the option gives
accurate results if it converges successfully, but
convergence issue could be encountered with very warped
elements.
If 2, the full projection for warped QEPH shell elements will

be activated for the stiffness matrix to stay consistent
with the internal force calculation. This option can
improve the convergence of implicit nonlinear analysis with
QEPH warped shell elements at the cost of some additional
calculations.
In the case of finite rigid rotations with warped shell

elements, PARAM, SH4NRP, 1 gives accurate results. If
convergence difficulties are encountered, PARAM, SH4NRP,
2 should be used.
If PARAM SMDISP 1 is present, SH4NRP is always set as 0

internally.

PARAM, SHELOS11
SHELOS11 YES, NO YES can be used to restore the formulation used in version
11.0.240 and earlier for first-order shell elements (CQUAD4
Default = NO and CTRIA3).
Note: In Release 12.0 the first order shell elements have

been improved to:
Eliminate inaccuracies in transverse shear and

inter-laminar stress calculation that could occur for
cases with membrane-bending coupling, especially
composites.
Improve robustness and stability of buckling
formulation by changing the default order for plate
buckling to first order.
The behavior of shells from earlier releases can be

recovered using this parameter.

PARAM, SHL2MEM
SHL2MEM <Real Number > A shell property (defined by the PSHELL bulk data
0.0> entry) is automatically converted into a membrane
property if the membrane thickness (field T) of the
No default
PSHELL bulk data entry is less than or equal to the
(see note 6) value specified using PARAM, SHL2MEM. This is done by
setting MID2 and MID3 to blank for the PSHELL.
Note:
1. With regard to determining the conversion from a

PSHELL shell to membrane property, the nodal
thicknesses defined using the Ti fields of the
CTRIA3/6 or the CQUAD4/8 bulk data entries are
ignored.
2. If the value of the field T in the referenced PSHELL

entry is less than or equal to the value of
PARAM,SHL2MEM then the shell property is
converted to a membrane property regardless of
the Ti field values.
3. PARAM, SHL2MEM should be used with caution in

optimization runs, as this parameter will also apply
to design properties. If the shell thickness on such
design properties (in PSHELL) is lower than the
value specified with PARAM, SHL2MEM, they will
automatically be converted to membrane properties
(regardless of the value of their corresponding
design variables).
4. If PARAM, SHL2MEM is used in optimization runs

with the shell thickness (T) of the PSHELL design
property equal to zero or blank, then the shell
property is automatically converted into a
membrane property.
5. PARAM, SHL2MEM is intended for use with ‘skin’

elements, which are useful for stress calculation on
the surface of solid (3D) elements.
6. Defaults:
If PARAM,SHL2MEM is input without specifying a

value, then the code will error out (no default).
If PARAM,SHL2MEM is not used, the conversion
from shell property to a membrane property will
not occur.

PARAM, SHPBCKOR
SHPBCKOR 1, 2 PARAM,SHPBCKOR defines the type and order of

Default = 1 approximation used in plate bending geometric stiffness for
linear shell elements (CQUAD4 and CTRIA3).
1: First order approximation, expressed using displacement

degrees of freedom in the geometric stiffness matrix. It is
more numerically stable and includes both bending and
transverse shear contributions. Being first order, this
option may over-estimate buckling loads, especially when
the mesh is coarse relative to the buckling wavelength
(only a few elements per wave length).
2: Second order approximation, expressed using rotational

degrees of freedom in the geometric stiffness matrix. This
option ignores contributions of transverse shear to
buckling.
Note:
Second order approximation is appropriate and provides
better accuracy for buckling of thin shells, which is
dominated by bending.
For thick shells or for composites with soft cores (where

transverse shear contributions are significant), it is
advisable to use PARAM,SHPBCKOR,1, which captures both
bending and transverse shear effects. Since
PARAM,SHPBCKOR,1 is more numerically stable, it can also
help if there are difficulties in the eigensolver.

PARAM, SIMPACK
SIMPACK 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Requests generation of the SIMPACK .fbi file containing

Default = 0 flexible body information for SIMPACK analysis.
PARAM,SIMPACK,1
Writes CMS Matrices [k] and [m] to the SIMPACK
.fbi file.
Writes modes and eigenvectors of the SE to the
SIMPACK .fbi file.
PARAM,SIMPACK,2
This option writes out all the information specified in
PARAM, SIMPACK,1 (above) and additionally writes
model information to the SIMPACK .fbi file. See
Comment 2 about MODEL data.
PARAM,SIMPACK,3
PARAM, SIMPACK, 2 (above) to the SIMPACK .fbi
file and additionally includes the following:
Writes the Interior point recovery GRID SET to the

SIMPACK .fbi file.
Writes the Interior point recovery matrix to the to
the SIMPACK .fbi file.
PARAM,SIMPACK,4
PARAM, SIMPACK, 3 (above) to the SIMPACK .fbi
file and additionally includes the following:
Writes rotational forces to the SIMPACK .fbi file.
Comments
1. Refer to the SIMPACK section of “Coupling OptiStruct with Third Party Software” in the
2. If PARAM, SIMPACK, 2 is specified, the MODEL I/O Options Entry does not have any effect
on the output. The entire model is written to the SIMPACK .fbi file.

PARAM, SMDISP
SMDISP < 0, 1 > This parameter is used to specify that small displacement
Default = 0 formulation or large displacement formulation is used. It
affects Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Static Analysis
(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM) and Geometric Nonlinear Implicit
Dynamic Analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN).
When large displacement effects are negligible, “PARAM,

SMDISP, 1” could be used to improve the convergence and
performance.
If 0, use large displacement formulation.
If 1, use small displacement formulation.

PARAM, SNAPTHRU
SNAPTHRU YES, NO PARAM, SNAPTHRU controls the output of the force-

Default = NO deflection curve in geometric nonlinear analysis.
If YES, the converter will generate rigid bodies internally

and output the time history for rigid body forces in the
Time-History (TH) file. This is valid only when grids are
defined on XHIST bulk data entry with TYPE = GRID and
ENTRY=DEF simultaneously. The force-deflection curve
can be cross plotted with the grid displacements and
corresponding rigid body forces in HyperGraph.
If NO, output of the force-deflection curve is not

requested and the internal rigid bodies are not generated.

PARAM, SORTCON
SORTCON <Integer> This parameter controls the output of violated constraints

Default = 20 to the .out file (and to screen).
By default, the 20 most violated constraints are printed in

a separate table and sorted by percentage violation. This
behavior can be modified with PARAM, SORTCON, N; where
N is the number of constraints to be printed. (N = 0
disables this feature).

PARAM, SPLC
SPLC Real > 0.0 This parameter is used to specify the speed of sound used
Default = 1.0 in the wave number and the complex particle velocity
vector calculations, as shown below (see the Radiated
Sound Analysis section in the User’s Guide for further
information):
Wave Number
The wave number k is defined as follows:

2 f
k
c
Where,
c is the speed of sound defined by PARAM, SPLC.
f is the frequency of the sound wave in the medium.
Complex Particle Velocity Vector
The complex particle velocity vector is defined for each

frequency as follows:
uuur ˆ
pj ( f ) X j i
( pv) j ( f ) 1
c krj
Where,
pj ( f )
is the complex acoustic pressure due to source grid
j at the microphone location.
X̂ j
is the unit vector from the source grid j to the
microphone grid
r r
Xj Xj
X̂ j r
Xj rj
(see Figure 1)
is the density of the acoustic medium defined by

PARAM, SPLRHO.

k is the wave number defined above under Wave Number.
rj
is the distance from the acoustic source grid j on the

panel to the microphone grid (see Figure 1).
i is the square root of -1

Note:
1. This parameter is used to specify the speed of sound

used in Radiated Sound Analysis. The same value is
used in the Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP)
calculations (See PARAM, ERPC).
2. If both PARAM, SPLC and PARAM, ERPC are specified in

the same input deck, then the last instance
dominates.

PARAM, SPLFAC
SPLFAC Real > 0.0 This parameter specifies the scale factor (q ) used to
Default = 1.0 calculate the Sound Pressure Level in Radiated Sound
Analysis. The equation used for the calculation is:
Sound Pressure
Total Complex Acoustic Sound Pressure requested by SPL

is:
np
f q ikr j
ptotal f V flux f ie
j 1 rj j
Where,
PARAM, SPLRHO.
rj
panel to the microphone location grid (see Figure 1).
V flux f
j
is the velocity flux of the source grid j .
k is the wave number as defined in Wave Number.

np is the number of source grids (see Figure 1).
q is the value of the scale factor specified using the
parameter PARAM, SPLFAC.

PARAM, SPLREFDB
SPLREFDB Real > 0.0 This parameter can be used to specify the reference sound
Default = 1.0 pressure value used to calculate the Sound Pressure Level
(SPL) in decibels (dB).
Note:
The Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in decibels can be

calculated using the following equation:
SPL
SPLdB 20.0 * log10 ( )
SPLREFDB
Where,
SPLdB
is the Sound Pressure Level in decibels.
SPL
is the magnitude of the acoustic sound pressure
specified in the Radiated Sound Analysis section of the
User’s Guide.
SPLREFDB is the reference sound pressure value specified
using this parameter.

PARAM, SPLRHO
SPLRHO Real > 0.0 This parameter is used to specify the density of the
Default = 1.0 acoustic medium in the calculation of the complex acoustic
sound pressure and the complex particle velocity vector,
as shown below (see the Radiated Sound Analysis section
of the User’s Guide for further information):
Sound Pressure Level
Total Complex Acoustic Sound Pressure requested by SPL

is:
np
f q ikr j
ptotal f V flux f ie
j 1 rj j
Where,

PARAM, SPLRHO.
rj
panel to the microphone location grid (see Figure 1).
V flux f
j
is the velocity flux of the source grid j .
k is the wave number as defined in Wave Number.

np is the number of source grids (see Figure 1).
q is the value of the scale factor specified using the
parameter PARAM, SPLFAC.
Complex Particle Velocity Vector
The complex particle velocity vector is defined for each

frequency as follows:
uuur ˆ
pj ( f ) X j i
( pv) j ( f ) 1
c krj
Where,
pj ( f )
is the complex acoustic pressure due to source

grid j at the microphone location.
X̂ j
is the unit vector from the source grid j to the
microphone grid
r r
Xj Xj
X̂ j r
Xj rj
(see Figure 1)

PARAM, SPLRHO.

k is the wave number defined above under Wave Number.
rj
panel to the microphone grid (see Figure 1).

Note:
1. This parameter is used to specify the acoustic medium

density used in Radiated Sound Analysis. The same
value is used in the Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP)
calculations (See PARAM, ERPRHO).
2. If both PARAM, SPLRHO and PARAM, ERPRHO are

specified in the same input deck, then the last
instance dominates.

PARAM, SRCOMPS
SRCOMPS <YES, NO> If YES, the strength ratios are output for composite
Default = NO elements that have failure indices requested. (The
Output formats currently supported are: H3D, HM, OP2,
PCH and OPT)
If NO or blank, the strength ratio will not be output.
Note:
The Strength Ratios that are output as a result of

PARAM, SRCOMPS, YES depend on the Failure Theory
specified by the user. The following equations show the
relationship between the Failure Index and the Strength
Ratio for different Failure Theories.
Hill Failure Theory:
1
Strength Ratio
Failure Index
Hoffman Failure Theory: There is no direct relationship

between the Strength Ratio and Failure Index. (refer to
the Composite Laminates section of the User’s Guide for
more information).
Tsai-Wu Failure Theory: There is no direct relationship

between the Strength Ratio and Failure Index. (refer to
the Composite Laminates section of the User’s Guide for
more information).
Maximum Stress (Strain) Failure Theory:
1
Strength Ratio
Failure Index
For the Transverse Shear Failure Theory:
1
Strength Ratio
Failure Index

PARAM, SS2GCR
SS2GCR <REAL> PARAM, SS2GCR is used to control the accuracy of the


more details.

PARAM, STRTHR
STRTHR This parameter can be used to specify the von Mises

Default = 0.0 stress threshold above which the stress results are output
for a model.
Note
1. PARAM, STRTHR applies to all static subcases defined

within a model. The stress results for a particular
element are not output ONLY if its von Mises stress
value falls below STRTHR for ALL static subcases.
For example, if the von Mises stress results for

elements ID=1 and ID=2 fall below the threshold for
subcase 1, but are above the threshold for subcase 2;
then the stress results for both elements (ID=1 and
ID=2) are output for both subcases.
2. PARAM, STRTHR applies to stress results output in all

active formats.
3. PARAM, STRTHR is supported for static analysis only.
4. If PARAM, STRTHR is defined in a model, then 1D

element stresses are not output, regardless of their
stress level or the specified threshold.

PARAM, THCNTPEN
THCNTPEN AUTO, LOW, PARAM, THCNTPEN controls the penalty factor used in
HIGH thermal contact analysis.
Default = AUTO
AUTO:
Determines the value of conductivity for each contact/
gap element based on the conductivity of surrounding
elements.
LOW:
Imposes a lower penalty factor that reduces the
conductivity of each contact/gap element compared to
the conductivities of the surrounding elements. It can be
used when the program runs into convergence
difficulties.
HIGH:
Imposes a higher penalty factor that increases the
conductivity of each contact/gap element compared to
the conductivities of the surrounding elements. It can be
used to enforce stronger conduction.
Note:
1. Theoretically, while higher conductivity values

enforce a perfect conductor, excessively high values
may result in poor conditioning of the conductivity
matrix. In such cases, it may be beneficial to reduce
the value of conductivity, or use conductivity based
contact clearance and pressure.
2. This parameter influences the KC field of the

PCONTHT bulk data entry and the KAHT field of the
PGAPHT bulk data entry.

PARAM, TOLRSC
TOLRSC Real When the RSSCON shell-to-solid element connector is

Default = 0.05 used, the connecting grid points of the shell element
are moved onto the solid face if the grid points are
close enough. The tolerable distance of the shell grid
point to the solid edge or face is where h is the
height of the solid edge. Rigid body invariance is
satisfied with double-precision accuracy if the shell grid
points are adjusted.

PARAM, TRAKMETH
TRAKMETH <0, 1, 2> TRAKMETH is a parameter that can be used to select

the criterion employed for mode tracking.
Default = 0
There are three tracking criteria available for selection
Defaults: in the current implementation:
-The value of Mass cross-orthogonality check (CORC)

this parameter is
Modal assurance criterion (MAC)
0 if it is not
included in input Modal assurance criterion square root (MACSR).
file.
If TRAKMETH = 0
-If this parameter
is included in the The Mass cross-orthogonality check (CORC) criterion is
input file, but no used for mode tracking. This performs a mass
value is provided, orthogonality check of the current and previous
eigenvectors after reanalysis. CORC is implemented as
then running the
follows:
program will
result in an error.
If TRAKMETH = 1
The Modal assurance criterion square root (MACSR)

criterion is used for mode tracking. This criterion
essentially calculates the dot product of the two unit
vectors associated with the current and previous
eigenvectors. MACSR is implemented as follows:
If TRAKMETH = 2
The standard modal assurance criterion (MAC) is used

for mode tracking. MAC is implemented as follows:
Where,
is the current eigenvector.
is the previous eigenvector.
is the mass matrix.

PARAM, TRAKMTX
TRAKMTX <0, 1> TRAKMTX is a parameter that controls the output of the
Default = 0 mode tracking matrix during optimization.
Defaults: If TRAKMTX = 1
The mode tracking matrix will be printed to the output file
-The value of this at each iteration.
parameter is 0 if
it is not included If TRAKMTX = 0
in input file. The mode tracking matrix will not be printed to the
output file.
-If this parameter
is included in the Note:
input file, but no Each element of the mode tracking matrix stores the
value is provided, correlation value of two eigenvectors which is calculated
then running the using certain mode tracking criteria (see PARAM,
program will result TRAKMETH).
in an error.
Example
The following is an example of the mode tracking matrix.

For this example, assume that:
1. The first 5 modes are being tracked.
2. 10 modes are calculated for each analysis
3. PARAM, MFILTER is set to 0.7.
Mode Tracking Matrix
Based on the above matrix, mode 1 (of the previous

iteration) will get tracked to mode 1 (of current
iteration). Mode 2 will get tracked to mode 2. Mode 3 will
get tracked to mode 4. Mode 4 will get tracked to mode
3. And mode 5 could not be tracked to any of the 10
modes in the current iteration (out of bounds).

PARAM, TPS
TPS <YES, NO> PARAM, TPS may be used with transient response
Default = YES analysis. When only shell stress results are required from
a transient response analysis, significant speed
improvements in run time can be obtained with the use of
this parameter.
YES: fast transient response analysis is activated – only

shell stress results output may be requested in this case.
that is, no displacement results are output.
NO: normal transient response analysis is performed.

PARAM, UCORD
UCORD <CID> If = -1, the mass moment of inertia is calculated about the
center of gravity and is output in the basic coordinate
system.
Default = -1 If = 0, the mass moment of inertia is calculated about the
origin of the basic coordinate system. The output values
are expressed in the basic coordinate system.
the center of gravity coordinates are expressed in

the coordinate system CID. The mass moment of inertia is
calculated about the center of gravity and expressed in
the coordinate system CID.
Note:
1. If PARAM, UCORD is not specified, CID = -1, or CID

given is not found, all values in PARAM, GRDPNT are
calculated relative to the basic coordinate system.
2. If PARAM, GRDPNT is not specified in the input deck,

then the center of gravity and moment of inertia are
not output regardless of the value of PARAM, UCORD.

PARAM, VMOPT
VMOPT <Integer = 0, 1, If PARAM,VMOPT is set to 0 or 1, then the virtual mass

2> of the fluid is included in the mass matrix for all
Default = 0 calculations. This can increase the calculation time
because of the dense mass matrix on the damp surface
of the structure.
If “PARAM,VMOPT,2” is specified, the eigenvalue solution

is performed without adding the mass contribution from
MFLUID, so that dry modes are calculated. A second
eigenvalue analysis is performed to get the damp modes,
which are used in modal dynamic solution. This solution
is much faster with only a slight loss of accuracy.
Note: Dry mode output in the .out file is available only

when PARAM,VMOPT,2 is specified.

PARAM, W3
W3 <Real> Used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

Default = 0.0 equivalent viscous damping.
The damping matrix [B] for transient analysis is assembled

from:
where:
is the contribution from damping elements (CDAMP#,

CVSIC) and B2GG.
is the overall structural damping coefficient (PARAM,

G).
is the frequency of interest in radians per unit time

(PARAM, W3) for the conversion of overall structural
damping into equivalent viscous damping.
[K] is the global stiffness matrix.
is the element structural damping coefficient (GE on

the MAT# entry).

(PARAM, W4) for the conversion of element structural
is the element stiffness matrix.

PARAM, W4
W4 <Real> Used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

Default = 0.0 equivalent viscous damping.
The damping matrix [B] for transient analysis is assembled

from:
where:
is the contribution from damping elements (CDAMP#,

CVSIC) and B2GG.
is the overall structural damping coefficient (PARAM,

G).

(PARAM, W3) for the conversion of overall structural
[K] is the global stiffness matrix.
is the element structural damping coefficient (GE on

the MAT# entry).

(PARAM, W4) for the conversion of element structural
is the element stiffness matrix.

PARAM, WR3
WR3 <Real> This parameter is used to include or exclude frequency

Default = 0.0 dependent damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
PARAM, WR3, <Real>
If any real value except 0.0 (default) is specified, then it

is included in the rotor dynamics equation as the
“average” excitation frequency. PARAM, WR3, <Real>
should be specified to activate frequency dependent
damping if PARAM, GYROAVG is set to -1.
PARAM, WR3, 0
If 0.0 is specified, then frequency dependent damping

terms are not included in rotor dynamics analysis.
Refer to the User’s Guide section, Rotor Dynamics for more

details.

PARAM, WR4
WR4 <Real> This parameter is used to include or exclude frequency

Default = 0.0 dependent damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
PARAM, WR4, <Real>
If any real value except 0.0 (default) is specified, then it

is included in the rotor dynamics equation as the
“average” excitation frequency. PARAM, WR4, <Real>
should be specified to activate frequency dependent
damping if PARAM, GYROAVG is set to -1.
PARAM, WR4, 0
If 0.0 is specified, then frequency dependent damping

terms are not included in rotor dynamics analysis.
Refer to the User’s Guide section, Rotor Dynamics for more

details.

PARAM, WTMASS
WTMASS Real > 0.0 The WTMASS (Weight-To-MASS) parameter is used as a

Default = 1.0 multiplier for the terms of the structural mass matrix.
Note
PARAM, WTMASS cannot be applied to superelements

(.h3d or .pch) that are read into the model. If the unit of
mass is incorrect on the MAT# entries and PARAM,
WTMASS is required to update the structural mass
matrix; then this should be done in the creation run.

PAXI
Bulk Data Entry
PAXI – Axisymmetric Element Property
Description
Defines the properties of axisymmetric elements. Referenced by CTAXI entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAXI PID MID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PAXI 2 203
Field Contents
PID Unique axisymmetric element property identification number.
MID Identification number of a MAT1 or MAT3 entry.
Comments
1. All axisymmetric element property entries must have unique ID numbers.

PBAR
Bulk Data Entry
PBAR – Simple Beam Property
Description
The PBAR bulk data entry defines the properties of a simple beam (bar), which is used to
create bar elements via the CBAR entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBAR PID MID A I1 I2 J NSM
C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2
K1 K2 I12
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBAR 39 6 2.9 8.4 5.97 1.1
2.0 4.0
Field Contents
PID Unique simple beam property identification number.

Field Contents
A Area of bar cross-section.
I12 Area product of inertia.
Default = 0.0 (Real) ( )
Ci, Di, Stress recovery coefficients.

Ei, Fi
Comments
2. The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively.
The default values for K1 and K2 are infinite; in other words, the transverse shear
used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1 and K2 are
interpreted as infinite).

3. The stress recovery coefficients C1 and C2, and so on, are the y and z coordinates in the
BAR element coordinate system of a point at which stresses are computed. Stresses are
computed at both ends of the BAR.
Fig 1: C oordinate System for Bar Element (PBAR).

PBARL
Bulk Data Entry
PBARL – Simple Beam Property
Description
Defines the properties of a simple beam (bar) by cross-sectional dimensions, which is used to
create bar elements via the CBAR entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBARL PID MID GROUP TYPE/ ND

NAME
DIM1 DIM2 DIM3 DIM4 DIM5 DIM6 DIM7 DIM8
DIM9 … NSM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBARL 12 7 BOX
10. 6. .5 .5
Field Contents
PID Unique simple beam property identification number.

Field Contents
GROUP Indicates if an arbitrary beam section definition is to be used. Refer to

Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the User’s Guide. If the value of this field is
HYPRBEAM, the following field is NAME; otherwise it is TYPE.
Default = blank (blank or HYPRBEAM)
TYPE Cross-section type. When GROUP field is blank, this field is TYPE.
No default ("BAR", "BOX", "BOX1", "CHAN", "CHAN1", "CHAN2", "CROSS", "H",

"HAT", "I", "I1", "ROD", "T", "T1", "T2", "TUBE", "Z")
NAME Name of arbitrary beam section definition. Refer to Arbitrary Beam Section
Definition in the User’s Guide. When the value of GROUP is HYPRBEAM, this field
is NAME.
ND Number of dimensions used to specify the Cross-section shape. This is required

when the value of the GROUP field is HYPRBEAM. ND represents the total number
of dimensions used to define an Arbitrary Beam Section.
Default = blank
DIMi Cross-sectional dimensions.
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit length. NSM is specified after the last DIMi.
Default 0.0 (Real)
Comments
2. The cross-sectional properties, shear flexibility factors, and stress recovery points (C, D,
E, and F) are computed using the TYPE and DIMi as shown below. The origin of the
element coordinate system is centered at the shear center of the cross-section oriented
as shown. The PBARL does not account for offsets between the neutral axis and the
shear center. Therefore, the CHAN cross-sections may produce incorrect results. The
PBEAML entry is recommended.

Type = BAR Type = BOX
Type = BOX1 Type = CHAN

Type = CHAN1 Type = CHAN2
Type = CROSS Type = H

Type = HAT Type = I
Type = I1 Type = ROD

Type = T Type = T1
Type = T2 Type = TUBE

Type = Z

PBARX
Bulk Data Entry
PBARX – Optional BAR Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional BAR properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBARX PID ISMSTR ISTRAIN DM DB
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of the associated PBAR or PBARL card. See
comment 1.
ISMSTR Flag for small strain formulation.
1 - Small strain from time =0
2 - Full geometric nonlinearity
ISTRAIN Flag for shear in beam formulation.
DM Beam membrane damping.
DB Beam bending damping.
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PBAR bulk data entry. Only
one PBARX property extension can be associated with a particular PBAR.

2. PBARX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. If the small strain option is activated (ISMSTR = 1), the strain and stress are engineering
strain and stress; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
4. This card is represented as an extension to a PBAR property in HyperMesh.

PBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAM – Beam Property
Description
The PBEAM bulk data entry defines the properties of beam elements defined via the CBEAM
entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAM PID MID A(A) I1(A) I2(A) I12(A) J(A) NSM(A)
C 1(A) C 2(A) D1(A) D2(A) E1(A) E2(A) F1(A) F2(A)
The following two continuation lines may be repeated up to ten times. They are used to
define stations along the beam element.
SO X/XB A I1 I2 I12 J NSM
C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2
The last two continuation lines are:
K1 K2 NSIA NSIB
M1A M2A M1B M2B N1A N2A N1B N2B

Fig 1: Beam Element C oordinate System (for PBEAM entry)
Example 1
This example represents a straight beam with stress recovery, only at end A.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAM 9 7 9.5 18.073 98.792 0.813
0.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0
NO 1.0
2.1
0.5
Example 2
This example represents a tapered beam with an intermediate section defined halfway
along its length and stress recovery at both end A and end B.

Note that the blank line after YES is entered for Stress Output (SO) at end B.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAM 9 7 9.5 18.073 98.792 0.813
0.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0
NO 0.5 6.5 5.385 35.542 0.563
YES 1.0 3.5 0.698 7.292 0.313
2.1
0.5
Field Contents
A(A) Area of beam cross-section at end A.
I1(A) Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis at end A.
I2(A) Area moment inertia in plane 2 about the neutral axis at end A.
I12(A) Area product inertia at end A ( ).

Field Contents
J(A) Torsional stiffness parameter at end A.
NSM(A) Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A.
Ci(A), Di(A), The y and z locations in element coordinates for stress data recovery at
Ei(A), Fi(A) end A. (i=1 is y and i=2 is z)
Default = 0.0 for all entries (Real)
SO Stress output request option for intermediate stations and end B. See
comments 5 through 8.
If set to NO, the following continuation line (containing fields C1 through

F2) must be omitted for that intermediate station, and no stresses are
recovered for that intermediate station.
If set to YESA, the following continuation line (containing fields C1

through F2) must be omitted for that intermediate station, and stresses,
for that intermediate station, are recovered at the stress recovery
locations identified for end A.
If set to YES, the following continuation line (containing fields C1 through

F2) must contain the same stress recovery locations as the first
continuation line (containing fields C1(A) through F2(A)) or must be
entirely blank.
Default = YES (YES, YESA, or NO)
X/XB Fractional distance of the intermediate station from end A.
A Area of beam cross-section for intermediate stations.
Default = A(A) (Real > 0.0)
I1 Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis for intermediate
stations.
Default = I1(A) (Real > 0.0)

Field Contents
I2 Area moment inertia in plane 2 about the neutral axis for intermediate
stations.
Default = I2(A) (Real > 0.0)
I12 Area product inertia for intermediate stations ( ).
Default = I12(A) (Real)
J Torsional stiffness parameter for intermediate stations.
Default = J(A) (Real > 0.0)
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit length for intermediate stations.
Default = NSM(A) (Real)
Ci, Di, Ei, Fi The y and z locations in element coordinates for stress data recovery for
intermediate stations. (i=1 is y and i=2 is z). See comments 5 through 8.
Default = 0.0 for all entries. (Real)
K1,K2 Shear stiffness factor K in K*A*G for plane 1 and plane 2.
Default = 1.0 for both (Real)
NSIA Nonstructural mass moment of inertia per unit length about nonstructural
mass center of gravity at end A.
NSIB Nonstructural mass moment of inertia per unit length about nonstructural
mass center of gravity at end B.
Default = NSIA (Real)
M1A, M2A (y,z) coordinates of center of gravity of nonstructural mass at end A.
Default = 0.0, 0.0 (Real)
M1B, M2B (y,z) coordinates of center of gravity of nonstructural mass at end B.
Default = M1A, M2A (Real)

Field Contents
N1A, N2A (y,z) coordinates of neutral axis at end A.
Default = 0.0, 0.0 (Real)
N1B, N2B (y,z) coordinates of neutral axis at end B.
Default = N1A, N2A (Real)
Comments
2. Blank fields for K1 and K2 are defaulted to 1.0. If a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2,
the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0.
3. One value for X/XB must be 1.0.
5. Stress recovery is only allowed at end A and end B. Stress recovery at intermediate
stations is not supported.
6. If no stress data at end A is to be recovered, but a stress recovery location is defined for
end B, then the first continuation entry, which contains the fields C1(A) through F2(A),
may be omitted.
7. If the continuation line containing values C1 through F2 is entirely blank for end B, then
the stress recovery locations defined for end A are used. However, if any entry is defined
on this line, then all blank entries will default to 0.0 and not the corresponding entry for
end A.
8. Stress recovery locations must be the same for end A and end B.
9. OSDIAG, 166, 1 may be input in the I/O options section of the input deck to bypass error
terminations caused by PBEAM definitions which violate the rules outlined in comments 5
and 8. In such instances, the following occurs:
Warning messages regarding the violations are echoed to the .out file.
Stress is not recovered at intermediate stations.

Recovery locations defined for end A are also used for end B.
10. For tapered beams, a single prismatic beam is created with properties obtained by
weighted averaging of all station properties.

11. The cross-sectional properties have to be specified fully for end A. For end B, blank fields
mean that the properties are the same as for end A. For intermediate stations, blank
fields result in a linear interpolation between the property value at end A and end B being
used.
12. The NSM specified at end A is the default value for NSM at end B. The default for all
other stations is a linear interpolation between end A and end B. So, for a constant NSM
over the length of the beam, only NSM at end A is required.
The mass of the element is calculated as:
Mass = density * beam_area * beam_length + NSM * beam_length
If the NSM value is different in different stations, it is averaged over all the stations and
the average is used in the element calculation.

PBEAML
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAML – Beam Property
Description
Defines the properties of a beam element by cross-sectional dimensions that are used to
create beam elements via the CBEAM entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAML PID MID GROUP TYPE/ ND

NAME
DIM1(A) DIM2(A) … NSM(A) SO(1) X(1)/XB DIM1(1) DIM2(1)
… NSM(1) … SO(B) X(B)/XB DIM1(B) DIM2(B) …
NSM(B)
* The format of this bulk data

entry is somewhat unusual as
the field locations can vary
depending on the number of
dimensions used to define the
cross-section.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAML 99 21 T
12. 14.8 2.5 26. NO 0.4 6.
7. 1.2 2.6 YES 0.6 6. 7.8
5.6. 2.3 YES

Field Contents
GROUP Indicates if an arbitrary beam section definition is to be used. Refer to

Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the User’s Guide. If the value of
this field is HYPRBEAM, the following field is NAME; otherwise it is TYPE.
Default = blank (blank or HYPRBEAM)
TYPE Cross-section shape. When GROUP field is blank, this field is TYPE.
No default ("BAR", "BOX", "BOX1", "CHAN", "CHAN1", "CHAN2", "CROSS",

"H", "HAT", "I", "I1", "L", "ROD", "T", "T1", "T2", "TUBE", "Z")
NAME Name of arbitrary beam section definition. Refer to Arbitrary Beam

Section Definition in the User’s Guide. When the value of GROUP is
HYPRBEAM, this field is NAME.
ND Number of dimensions used to specify the Cross-section shape. This is

required when the value of the GROUP field is HYPRBEAM. ND represents
the total number of dimensions used to define an Arbitrary Beam
Section.
Default = blank
DIMi(A) Cross-section dimensions at end A.
NSM(A) Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A.
SO(#) Stress output request option for intermediate station #.

Stress output is not supported for intermediate stations so this field
must be set to NO.
X(#)/XB Distance from end A to intermediate station # in the element coordinate

Field Contents
system, divided by the length of the element.
DIMi(#) Cross-section dimensions at intermediate station #.
(Real > 0.0)
NSM(#) Nonstructural mass per unit length at intermediate station #.
SO(B) Stress output request option for end B.
Default = YES (YES or NO)
X(B)/XB Distance form end A to end B in the element coordinate system, divided
by the length of the element.
This must be 1.0
DIMi(B) Cross-section dimensions at end B
(Real > 0.0)
NSM(B) Nonstructural mass per unit length at end B.
Comments
2. Up to eleven stations are allowed (end A and B, and nine intermediate stations #).
3. The cross-sectional properties, shear flexibility factors, and stress recovery points (C, D,
E, and F) are computed using the TYPE and DIMi as shown below. The element
coordinate system is located at the shear center.

Type = BAR Type = BOX
Type = BOX1 Type = CHAN

Type = CHAN1 Type = CHAN2
Type = CROSS Type = H

Type = HAT Type = I
Type = I1 Type = L

Type = ROD Type = T
Type = T1 Type = T2

Type = TUBE Type = Z
4. For PBEAML entries with more than one section, an equivalent PBEAM entry is derived. An
echo request will cause a printout of the derived PBEAM.
5. Stress recovery is only allowed at end A and end B. Stress recovery at intermediate
stations is not supported.
6. For tapered beams, a single prismatic beam is created with dimensions obtained by
weighted averaging of all station dimensions.
7. DIMi and NSM have to be specified fully on station A. On station B, blank means that the
dimensions are the same as at A. On other stations, it is a linear interpolation between A
and B.
8. The NSM specified at end A is the default value for NSM at end B. The default for all
other stations is a linear interpolation between end A and end B. So, for a constant NSM
over the length of the beam, only NSM at end A is required.
The mass of the element is calculated as:
Mass = density * beam_area * beam_length + NSM * beam_length
If the NSM value is different in different stations, it is averaged over all the stations and
the average is used in the element calculation.

PBEAMX
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAMX – Optional BEAM Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional BEAM properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAMX PID ISMSTR ISTRAIN DM DB
Field Contents
PID Property identification number of the associated PBEAM, PBEAML. See

comment 1.
ISMSTR Flag for small strain formulation.
2 - Full geometric non-linearity
ISTRAIN Flag for shear in beam formulation.
DM Beam membrane damping.
DB Beam bending damping.
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PBEAM bulk data entry.
Only one PBEAMX property extension can be associated with a particular PBEAM.

2. PBEAMX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. If the small strain option is activated (ISMSTR = 1), the strain and stress are engineering
4. This card is represented as an extension to a PSOLID property in HyperMesh.

PBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSH – Generalized Spring-Damper-Mass Property
Description
Defines the nominal property values for a generalized spring-damper-mass structural element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH PID K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
GE GE1 GE2 GE3 GE4 GE5 GE6
M M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH 35 K 4.35 2.4 RIGID 3.1
GE 0.02
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH 35 B 4.35
M 1.2 7.1

Field Contents
K Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are stiffness values.
Ki Nominal stiffness values in directions 1 through 6. See comments 3, 6, and

8.
Default = 0.0 (Real or RIGID)
B Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are force-per-velocity damping.
Bi Nominal damping coefficients in directions 1 through 6 in units of force per

unit velocity.
GE Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are the structural damping
constants.
GEi Nominal structural damping constants in directions 1 through 6. See

comments 3, 5, and 6.
M Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are directional masses.
Mi Nominal mass values in directions 1 through 6. See comment 7.
Comments
1. All generalized spring-damper-mass property entries must have unique ID numbers.
2. The K, B, GE, and M lines may be specified in any order.

3. Ki, Bi, GEi, or Mi may be made frequency dependent for both direct and modal frequency
response by use of the PBUSHT entry.
The nominal values are used for all analysis types except frequency response. For modal
frequency response, the normal modes are computed using the nominal Ki values. The
frequency-dependent values are used at every excitation frequency.
5. If PARAM, W4 is not specified, GEi is ignored in transient analysis.
6. For upward compatibility, if ONLY GE1 is specified on a PBUSH entry and GEi, i = 2 to 6 are
blank on that PBUSH entry, then a single structural damping is assumed and applied to all
Ki of that PBUSH. If a PBUSH entry has a GEi, i = 2 to 6 specified, then the GEi fields are
considered variable for that PBUSH entry.
7. The Mi fields do not contribute to mass and inertia properties. Their contributions to
gravity and/or centrifugal loading are also not included.
8. The keyword RIGID may be used in place of a stiffness value for Ki entries. When RIGID is
defined, a very high relative stiffness (relative to the surrounding structure) is selected
for that degree-of-freedom simulating a rigid connection.

PBUSH1D
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSH1D – Rod-type Spring-and-Damper Property
Description
Defines the linear and nonlinear properties for a one-dimensional spring-and-damper structural
element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH1D PID K B M
SPRING TYPE IDT
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH1D 35 4.35 0.5
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSH1D 35 4.35
SPRING TABLE 43
Field Contents

Field Contents
K Stiffness.
B Viscous damping.
M Total mass.
SPRING String indicating that a function defining the spring characteristics follows.
TYPE Type of input definition.
Default = TABLE (Character = TABLE)
IDT Identification number of a TABLEDi table entry.
Comments
1. Either the stiffness K, or the damping B, or the mass M must be specified. B and M are
ignored in static subcases.
2. The SPRING continuation line is used in nonlinear analysis solution sequences only. The
table input supersedes the stiffness K.
3. PBUSH1D may only be referenced by CBUSH1D elements.
4. In all linear subcases, as well as small displacement nonlinear quasi-static

(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) subcases, PBUSH1D and CBUSH1D are converted internally to the
equivalent PBUSH (with PBUSHT, if necessary) and CBUSH.

PBUSHT
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSHT – Generalized Spring and Damper Property
Description
Defines property values for a generalized spring and damper structural element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBUSHT PID TYPE TID1 TID2 TID3 TID4 TID5 TID6
TYPE TID1 TID2 TID3 TID4 TID5 TID6
TYPE TID1 TID2 TID3 TID4 TID5 TID6
TYPE TID1 TID2
... ...
Field Contents
PID Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PBUSH Bulk
Data Entry.
TYPE Identifies what the following six fields reference.
If TYPE is K, then the following six fields are stiffness vs. frequency table
references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is B, then the following six fields are viscous damping vs. frequency
table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is GE, then the following six fields are structural damping vs.
frequency table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.

Field Contents
If TYPE is M, then the following six fields are directional mass vs. frequency
table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is KN, then the following six fields are force vs. deflection table
references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
See comment 4.
No default (K, B, GE, M, or KN)
TID# Identification number of a TABLED# entry. The type of the referenced

table is defined by the TYPE keyword given on the same line. The six
references on each line represent the 6 degrees-of-freedom in sequence
from 1 through 6.
Comments
1. The K, B, GE, and M fields are associated with the same entries on the PBUSH entry
2. PBUSHT may only be referenced by CBUSH elements in the residual structure which do not
attach to any omitted degrees-of-freedom.
3. The TYPEs can be defined in any order, but may only appear once per PBUSH definition.
4. TYPE=K, B, GE and M are allowed for frequency response analysis only, while TYPE=KN is
allowed only for nonlinear analysis.
5. For upward computability, if ONLY the dof1 field for the GE line (line where TYPE=GE) is
specified on ALL PBUSHT entries and the other dofs for the GE line are blank on ALL
PBUSH entries, then a single structural damping table for each PBUSHT applied to all
defined dofs on the K line for each PBUSH is assumed. If ANY PBUSHT entry has a dof
field other than dof1 for the GE line specified, then the GE fields are considered variable
on ALL PBUSH and PBUSHT entries.

PCNTX2
Bulk Data Entry
PCNTX2 – Extended CONTACT Property type 2 for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines properties TYPE2 tied CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX2 PID
IGNROE FSPOT LEVEL ISRC H IDELG
If FSPOT = 20, 21, or 22, two continuation lines
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RUPT IFILT SRTID SNTID STTID MAXND MAXTD
FSTR FSTRATE FDIST ALPHA
If FSPOT = 25, one continuation line
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STFAC VISC
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX2 34

Field Contents
PID Property identification number of the associated PCONT.
IGNORE Flag to ignore slave nodes if no master segment found for TIE contact
(See comment 7).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, or 2)
0 - No deletion of slave nodes;

interface;
interface, if SRCHDIS is blank, then it would be new calculated internally.
FSPOT Flag for spotweld formulation. (Integer).
Default = 5.
1 - Formulation is optimized for spotweld or rivets.

2 - Same formulation as standard formulation. Required when using
hierarchy levels. Not compatible with nodal time step (TSTYP= GRID, TSC
= CST).
4 - Rotational degrees of freedom are not transmitted (if shells are
used).
5 - Standard formulation.
20, 21, 22 - formulation with failure. Not compatible with nodal time step
GRID(CST) on XSTEP card. The stress is computed for each slave node
according to the "equivalent" surface around the node. The equivalent
surface is defined accordingly:
20 - Surface computed using shell and brick faces attached to the node.
21 - Surface computed using only the shell attached to the node.
22 - Surface computed using only the brick faces attached to the node.
25 - Penalty formulation.
30 - Formulation with cubic curvature of master segment. Not compatible
with nodal time step GRID(CST) on XSTEP card.
LEVEL Hierarchy level of the interface.
ISRCH Search formulation flag for the closest master segment.
1 - Old formulation (only used for previous version)
2 - New improved formulation

Field Contents
IDELG Flag for node deletion.
0 - No deletion.
1 - The kinematic condition is suppressed on slave node, if the master

element is deleted. (The slave node is removed from the interface).
RUPT Failure model (only available with FSPOT = 20, 21, 22) (Integer).
See comment 7.
0 - Failure when MAXND or MAXTD are reached;
1 - See comment 10.
IFILT Filter flag (See comment 13)
0 - No filtering
1 - Filtering (alpha filter)
SRTID Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining stress factor vs stress

rate (See comment 9).
SNTID Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining maximum normal stress vs

normal relative displacement(ND).
This function must be defined. (See comment 9)
STTID Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining maximum tangential

stress vs tangential relative displacement (TD).
This function must be defined. (See comment 9)
MAXND Maximum normal relative displacement.
MAXTD Maximum tangential relative displacement.
FSTR Stress scale factor (See comment 9)

Field Contents
FSTRATE Stress rate scale factor (See comment 9)
FDIST Distance scale factor (See comment 9)
ALPHA Stress filter alpha value
STFAC Interface stiffness scale factor. (Only used with FSPOT = 25)
VISC (Optional) Critical damping coefficient on interface stiffness (Only used

with FSPOT = 25)
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PCONT bulk data entry.
Only one PCNTX2 property extension can be associated with a particular PCONT.
2. PCNTX2 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
PCONT.
4. PCNXT2 is only valid for tied contact on TIE card.
5. Interface type 2 is a kinematic condition, no other kinematic condition should be set on

any nodes of the slave surface.
6. The default value for SRCHDIS is the average of the mater segments.
7. If IGNORE = 1 or 2, the slave nodes without a master segment found during the searching
are deleted from the interface;
If INGORE = 1 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the default value of the distance for searching
closest master segment is the average size of the master segments;
If IGNORE = 2 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the distance for searching closest master
segment is computed as follows for each slave node:

d1 = 0.6 * (T s + T m)
d2 = 0.05 * T md
SRCHDIS = max(d1 , d2)
where,
T s - Thickness of the element connected to the slave node, for solids T s = 0.0
T m - Thickness of master segment, for solids T m = Element volume / Segment area
T md - Master segment diagonal
8. Master nodes of an interface type 2 may be slave nodes of another interface type 2 if the
hierarchy level of the first interface is lower than the hierarchy level of the second
interface. Hierarchy levels are only available with FSPOT=2.
9. For failure (FSPOT = 20, 21, 22), it could model glue connection. In this case, the force in
slave node will be scaled by reduced force coefficient f N (f T ), which is computed as;
The reduced force is compared to the maximum value:
If , then ƒN = 1, which means the force will not be reduced.
If , then , which means the force will be then

reduced.
Here the maximum value will be defined by you with:

Where:
: maximum normal stress value defined by SNTID
: normal stress
: maximum tangential stress value defined by STTID
: tangential stress
FSTR: the input constant stress factor
SRTID: the input variable coefficient
SNTID and STTID: the input stress-displacement tables.
Once the rupture criterion (defined by Rupt) is reached, the contact will be deleted.
10. If RUPT = 1, the failure criterion is as follows:
11. If FSPOT = 30, slave mass/inertia/stiffness distribution to the master node is based on
the Kirschoff model: bi-cubic form functions are used instead of linear (standard
formulation). It allows a softer contact behavior since the element shape curvature is
taken into account in the force/moment transmission.
12. If IDELG = 1, then when a 4-node shell, a 3-node shell or a solid element is deleted, it is
also removed from the master side of the interface (kinematic condition is suppressed on
relative slave nodes).
13. If IFILT is set to 1, the normal and tangential stresses are filtered with an alpha filter, as
follows:

14. FSPOT = 25 (penalty formulation) will keep the penalty formulation during the whole run.
The slave node (of this contact) could also be the slave node of another kinematic
option, like rigid body. The penalty stiffness is constant, calculated as the mean nodal
stiffness of master and slave side. The stiffness factor, STFAC, may be used to modify it,
if needed. The penalty stiffness will be multiplied by STFAC. A critical viscous damping
coefficient (VISC) allows damping to be applied to the interface stiffness.

PCNTX5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines properties type 5 of a CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX5 PID IBAG IDEL
STFAC FRIC GAP TSTART TEND
IBC IRM INAC TI
IFRIC IFILT FFAC
FRIC DAT C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX5 34
Field Contents
IBAG Airbag vent holes closure flag in case of contact.

Field Contents
0 - No closure
1 - Closure
IDEL Flag for node and segment deletion. (See comment 5)
0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells, solids) associated to one segment are
Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of
the interface.
2 - When a shell or a solid element is deleted, the corresponding

segment is removed from the master side of the interface. Additionally,
non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of the interface.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Real > 0)
GAP Gap for impact activation (See comment 4).
TSTART Start time
TEND Time for temporary deactivation.
IBC Flag for deactivation of boundary conditions at impact applied to the

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, XYZ)
IRM Renumbering flag for segments of the master surface (Integer = 0, 1, 2).
0 - If segment is connected to a solid element its normal is reversed if

entering the solid element (the segment is renumbered).
1 - Normal is always reversed (segment 1234 is read 2143).

Field Contents
2 - Normal is never reversed (segment connected to a solid element are

not renumbered).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 3, 4)
0 - No action.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, REN)

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, CUTF)
FFAC Friction filtering factor.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Real = 0.0 < FFAC < 1.0)
FRICDAT FRICDAT flag indicates that additional information for IFRIC will follow.
Only available when IFRIC = GEN, DARM or REN.
C1, C2, C3, Coefficients to define variable friction coefficient in IFRIC = GEN, DARM,
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM or IMPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.

PCONT.
4. In implicit analysis, different contact formulations are used for contact where slave and
master set do not overlap and where they overlap (self-contact).
In the case of self-contact, the gap cannot be zero and a constant gap is used. For
small initial gaps, the convergence will be more stable and faster if GAP is larger than the
initial gap.
In implicit analysis, sometimes a stiffness with scaling factor reduction (for example,
5. Flag IDEL = 1 has a CPU cost higher than IDEL = 2.
caution because:

interfaces.
IFRIC = COUL – Coulomb friction with F T < FRIC * F N.
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function (µ = µ (p, V)), where p is the
pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the tangential velocity of
the slave node.
IFRIC = 1 - Generalized viscous friction law
µ = FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
IFRIC = 2 - Darmstad law
µ = C1 * e(C 2V ) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V ) * p + C5 * e(C 6V )
IFRIC = 3 - Renard law
0 < V < C5

C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

second critical velocity Vcr2 (C5 < C6).
The static friction coefficient C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2, must be lower
than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3 and C2 < C3).
The minimum friction coefficient C4, must be lower than the static friction coefficient
C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 (C4 < C1 and C4 < C2).
8. IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. If IFILT NO,
F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T-1
where,
F'T-1 - Tangential force at time t-1
IFILT = PER – α = 2 dt/FFAC, where dt/T = FFAC, T is the filtering period
IFILT = CUTF – α = 2 * FFAC * dt, where FFAC is the cutting frequency
9. This card is represented as an extension to a PCONT property in HyperMesh.

PCNTX7
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX7 PID
ISTF ITHE IGAP IBAG IDEL IC URV IADM
GAPFAC GAPMAX FPENMAX
STMIN STMAX MESHSIZ DTMIN IREMGAP

E
STFAC FRIC GAP TSTART TEND
IBC INAC TI VISS VISF BMULT
IFRIC IFILT FFAC IFORM SENSID
C URVDA G1 G2
T
ADMDAT NRADM PADM ANGLAD

M
THEDAT RTHE TINT ITHEF
FRAD DRAD FHEATS FHEATM
Example

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX7 34
Field Contents
0 - The stiffness is computed according to the master side

characteristics.
ITHE Heat contact flag (Integer).
Default = 0.
0 - No heat transfer.
1 - Heat transfer activated.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR, VAR2, VAR3)
CONST - Gap is constant and equal to GAP (See comment 6).
VAR, VAR2, VAR3 - Gap is variable (in space, not in time) according to
the characteristics of the impacting surfaces and nodes (See comment
7).
Default = 0 (Integer).
0 - No closure.
1 - Closure.

Field Contents
0 - No deletion.
the interface.

ICURV Gap envelope with curvature (See comment 8).
Integer 0, ..., 3.
0 - No curvature.
1 - Spherical curvature.
2 - Cylindrical curvature.
3 - Automatic bicubic surface.
IADM Computing local curvature flag for adaptive meshing (See comments 9
and 10).
Default = 0 (Integer 0, 1, 2).
0 - Not activated.
1 - Interface update according mesh size.
2 - Interface update according mesh size, penetration and angle.
GAPFAC Gap scale factor (used only when IGAP = VAR2 and VAR3).
GAPMAX Maximum gap (used only when IGAP = VAR2 and VAR3).
FPENMAX Maximum fraction of initial penetration (See comment 13).
(Real)
STMIN Minimum stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).
STMAX Maximum stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).

Field Contents
MESHSIZE Percentage of mesh size (used only when IGAP = VAR3).
Default = 0.4 (Real, 0.0 < MESHSIZE < 1.0)
DTMIN Limiting nodal time step (see comment 19)
IREMGAP Flag to deactivate slave nodes if element size < gap value, in case of
self-impact contact (See comment 20).
1 - No slave node deactivation
2 - Deactivate slave nodes.
TSTART Start time

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 6)
0 - No action.

Field Contents
5 - GAP is variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0

follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 – 0.05*(gap - P0)
BMULT Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm. Is

machine-dependent.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, or REN)

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, or CUTF)
IFORM Type of friction penalty formulation (See comment 16).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = VISC, STIFF)

Field Contents
SENSID Sensor identifier to Activate/Deactivate the interface (See comment 21)
No default (Integer)
If a sensor identifier is defined, the activation/deactivation of the

interface is based on SENSID instead of TSTART or TSTOP.
CURVDAT CURVDAT flag indicates that additional information about ICURV will
follow. Only available when ICURV = 1 or 2.
G1 First grid identifier (used only when ICURV = 1 or 2)
(Integer)
G2 Second grid identifier (used only when ICURV = 2, ignored when ICURV =
1)
(Integer)
C4, C5, C6 REN.
ADMDAT ADMDAT flag indicates that additional information about IADM will follow.
Only available when IADM = 2.
NRADM Number of elements through a 90 degree radius 3 (used only when IADM
= 2)
(Integer)
PADM Criteria on the percentage of penetration (used only when IADM = 2).
ANGLADM Angle criteria (used only when IADM = 2)
(Real)
THEDAT THEDAT flag indicates that additional information about ITHE will follow.
Only available when ITHE = 1.

Field Contents
RTHE Heat conduction coefficient (used only when ITHE = 1, see comment 18)
(Real).
TINT Interface temperature (used only when ITHE = 1)
(Real)
ITHEF Heat contact formulation flag (used only when ITHE = 1, Integer).
0 - Exchange between constant temperature in the interface and shells

(slave side).
1 - Heat exchange between pieces in contact.
FRAD Radiation factor (used only when ITHE = 1)
No default (Real)
DRAD Maximum distance for radiation computation (used only when ITHE = 1)
No default (Real)
FHEATS Frictional heating factor of the slave (used only when ITHE = 1, see
comment 25)
No default (Real)
FHEATM Frictional heating factor of the master (used only when ITHE = 1, see
comment 25)
No default (Real)
Comments
PCONT.

initial gap.
5.
STFAC * E * t for shells.
In these equations, B is the Bulk Modulus, S is the segment area, and V is the volume of a
solid. There is no limitation to the value of stiffness factor (but a value larger than 1.0
can reduce the initial time step).
The interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with:
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of:

7. If IGAP = VAR, the variable gap is computed as gs + gm;
If IGAP = VAR2, the variable gap is computed as max(GAP, min(GAPFAC * (gs+gm),

GAPMAX);
If IGAP = VAR3, the variable gap is computed as max(GAP, min(GAPFAC * (gs+gm),

MESHSIZE * (gsl+gml), GAPMAX).
with:
gm - master element gap, with:


gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid

or spring elements.
element.
gml - length of the smaller edge of element.

gsl - length of the smaller edge of elements connected to the slave nodes.
The variable gap is always at least equal to GAP.
8. If ICURV = 1, a spherical curvature is defined for the gap with node_ID1 (center of the
sphere).
If ICURV = 2, a cylindrical curvature is defined for the gap with node_ID1 and node_ID2
(on the axis of the cylinder).
If ICURV = 3, the master surface shape is obtained with a bicubic interpolation, respecting
continuity of the coordinates and the normal from one segment to the other.
In case of a large change in curvature, this formulation might become unstable (will be
improved in future version).
9. In case of adaptive meshing and IADM =1:
If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) whose radius of curvature is lower than the
element size (slave side), the element on the slave side will be divided (if not yet at
maximum level).
10. In case of adaptive meshing and IADM =2:

If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) whose radius of curvature is lower than
NRadm times the element size (slave side), the element on the slave side will be divided
(if not yet at maximum level).
If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) where the angles between the normals are
greater than Angladm and the percentage of penetration is greater than Padm, the
element on the slave side will be divided (if not yet at maximum level).
11. The coefficients NRADM, PADM, and ANGLADM are used only adaptive meshing and IADM
= 2.
12. If GAPMAX is equal to zero, there is no maximum value for the gap.
13. INACTI = 3, is only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:

interfaces.
INACTI = 5 is recommended for airbag simulation deployment.
INACTI = 6 is recommended instead of INACTI = 5, in order to avoid high frequency effects

into the interfaces.

If FPENMAX is not equal to zero, nodes stiffness is deactivated if penetration >
FPENMAX*GAP, regardless of the value of INACTI.
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function ( = (p, V)), where p is the
the slave node.
= FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
= C1 * e(C 2V) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V) * p + C5 * e(C 6V)
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3) and C2 < C3).

15.
F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T-1
where,
16. IFORM selects two types of contact friction penalty formulation.
The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as:
F adh T
F T = min (µF N, F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as:
F adh = F Told + F T
F T = K * VT * dt
F Tnew = min (µF N, F adh)
17. Exchange between shell and constant temperature contact TINT.
18. RTHE is the inverse of thermal resistance (units: [W/(m2·K)]).
19. Slave segment contact is deactivated when the segment kinematic time step calculated
for this contact is lower than DTMIN.
20. With IREMGAP = 2, this allows the element size < gap values:

In case of self-impact contact, when curvilinear distance (from a node of the master
segment to a slave node) is < gap*sqrt(2) (in initial configuration), then this slave node
will not be taken into account by this master segment, and it will not be deleted from the
contact for the other master segments.
21. When SENSID is defined for activation/deactivation of the interface, TSTART and TSTOP
are not taken into account.
22. If FRAD is not equal to zero, and d, the distance from the slave node to the master
segment, is in the range: Gap < d < DRAD, then radiation is calculated. The radiant heat
transfer conductance is calculated as:
Where, is the Stefan Boltzman constant, 1 is the emissivity of the slave surface, and
2 is the emissivity of the master surface.
23. If FRAD is not equals to zero, then the default value of DRAD is calculated as the
maximum of:
upper value of the gap (at time 0) among all nodes;

smallest side length of slave element.
24. A very high value of DRAD is not recommended as it may reduce the performance of the
solver
25. Frictional energy is converted into heat when heat transfer is activated (ITHE > 0) on the
interface. Options FHEATS and FHEATM are used to control this option.
When FHEATS and FHEATM = 0, the conversion of the frictional sliding energy to heat is
not activated. Non-zero values of FHEATS and FHEATM define the fraction of this energy
which is converted into heat and transferred to the slave and master respectively.
The frictional heat QFric is defined as follows:

If IFORM = 2 (a stiffness formulation):
Slave:
Master: (ITHEF=1)
If IFORM = 1 (a penalty formulation):
Slave:
Master: (ITHEF=1)

PCNTX11
Bulk Data Entry
PCNTX11 – Extended Contact (CONTX11) Property type 11 for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX11 PID ISTF IGAP IDEL
STMIN STMAX MESHSIZE DTMIN
STFAC FRIC GAP TSTART TEND STF1
IBC INAC TI VISS VISF BMULT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX11 34
Field Contents
0 - STFAC is a stiffness scale factor and the stiffness is computed

according to the master side characteristics.
2, 3, 4 and 5 - STFAC is a stiffness scale factor and the interface

Field Contents
stiffness is computed from both master and slave characteristics.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR, VAR3)
CONST - Gap is a constant and equal to GAP (See comment 7).
VAR - Gap is a variable (in space, not in time) according to the

characteristics of the impacted master line and the impacting slave
nodes (See comment 8).
VAR3 - Gap is a variable according to the characteristics of the impacted

master line and impacting slave node + gap is taken into account the
size of the elements.
0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells and solids) associated to one segment
are deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the
interface. Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the
slave side of the interface.

MESHSIZE Percentage of mesh size (Used only when IGAP = VAR3).
Default = 0.4 (Real, 0.0 < MESHSIZE < 1.0)
DTMIN Limiting nodal time step (see comment 10)
STFAC

Field Contents
TSTART Start time.
STIF1 Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1).

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 6)
0 - No action.
5 - GAP is a variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0

follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 – 0.05*(gap - P0)

Field Contents
BMULT Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm and is
machine-dependent.
Comments
PCONT.
4. PCNTX11 defines the properties of contact interface type CONTX11, it describes the edge
to edge or line to line interface. This interface simulates impact between lines, a line can
be a beam or truss element or a shell edge or spring elements. The interface properties
are:
impacts occur between a master and a slave line;

a slave line can impact on one or more master lines;
a line can belong to the master and the slave side. This allows self impact;
this interface can be used in addition to the interface type 7 PCNTX7 to solve the
edge to edge limitation of interface type 7.
5.
The interface stiffness is then, K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with:
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)

ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is equal to GAP.
7. If IGAP = VAR, the variable gap is computed as: gm + gs
with:

gm = L/10, L - length of the smallest side of a solid element.
element.
gm = 0 for spring elements.
gs - slave element gap is computed as the same way.

The variable gap is always at least equal to GAP.
caution because:

it may create other initial penetrations, if several surface layers are defined in the
interfaces.
it may create initial energy, if the node belongs to a spring element.
INACTI = 5 is recommended for airbag simulation deployment.
INACTI = 6 is recommended instead of INACTI = 5, in order to avoid high frequency effects

into the interfaces.
9. The sorting factor BUMULT is used to speed up the sorting algorithm, it is machine
dependent.

10. Slave segment is deactivated from the contact when the segment kinematic time step
calculated for this contact becomes smaller than DTMIN.

PCNTX20
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX20 PID ISYM IEDGE GRNDID EDGEAngle
IGAP IBAG IDEL
FPENMAX
STFAC FRIC GAP TSATAT TEND
IBC INAC TI VISS VISF
IFRIC IFILT FFAC IFORM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX20 34
Field Contents

Field Contents
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = SYM or UNSYM)

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
All – All segment edges are included.
GRNDID Optional nodes group identifier (Integer).
EdgeAngle Edges angle (used only if IEDGE = FEAT)
Default = 91 (Real).
If angle between two edges is smaller than EdgeAngle, the edge is

considered.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST or VAR)

Default = 0 (Integer).
0 - No closure.
1 - Closure.
0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells and solids) associated to one segment
are deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the

Field Contents
interface. Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the

slave side of the interface.

FPENMAX Maximum initial penetration factor (0 < FPENMAX < 1) (See comment 8).
TSTART Start time.

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5)
0 - No action.
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 – 0.05 * (gap - P0)

Field Contents


C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments

2. PCNTX20 is only applied in geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis subcase which is
defined by ANALYSIS = EXPDYN, but not supported in NLGEOM or IMPDYN subcases. It is
ignored for all other subcases.
PCONT.
initial gap.
5.
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)

ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of:

7. The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as: gs + gm
with:


or spring elements.
element.
8. Maximum penetration value is set as a fraction of the actual gap (including variable gap):
Penmax = FPENMAX * gap
If the initial penetration of a slave node is greater than the calculated maximum value
(Penmax), the node will be deactivated from the interface (node stiffness deactivation).
caution because:

interfaces.
p, V
For IFRIC > 0, the friction coefficient is set by a function ( )

where, p is the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the
tangential velocity of the slave node.
µ = FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
µ = C1 * e(C 2V ) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V ) * p + C5 * e(C 6V )
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T-1

where,
F adh T
∆F T = K * VT * dt

PCNTX24
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC NTX24 PID
ISTF
GAPMAXs GAPMAXm
STMIN STMAX IGAP0 IPEN0 IPENMAX IPENMIN
STFAC FRIC TSTART TEND
IBC INAC TI VISS
IFRIC IFILT FFAC SENSID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC NTX24 34

Field Contents
PID Property identification number of the corresponding PCONT entry.

characteristics.
GAPMAXs Slave maximum gaps.
No default (Real)
GAPMAXm Master maximum gaps.
No default (Real)
IGAP0 Gap modification flag for slave shell nodes on the free edges.
(Integer)
0 - No change
1 - Set gap to zero for the slave shell nodes
IPEN0 Initial penetration detection flag (See comment 14)
(Integer)
0 - default method (excluding auto-impact in each part)
1 - method 1 (including auto-impact in each part)
IPENMAX Maximum initial penetration: Penetration higher than this value will not be
taken into account.
(Real)
IPENMIN Minimum initial penetration: Penetration higher than this value will be

Field Contents
taken into account.
(Real)
TSTART Start time

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, -1, 5)
0 - only tiny initial penetrations (1.0e-08) will be taken into account.

1 - all initial penetrations will be ignored.
-1 - all initial penetrations will be taken into account.
5 - GAP is variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 , where P0 is the initial penetration


Field Contents
Default as defined by CONTPRM
SENSID Sensor identifier to Activate/Deactivate the interface (See comment 12)
If a sensor identifier is defined, the activation/deactivation of interface is

based on the sensor and not on Tstart or Tstop.
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
2. PCNTX24 is only supported for geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis subcase
defined by ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.
PCONT.
initial gap.

5.
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The gap is computed automatically (similar with IGAP = VAR on PCNTX7) for each impact
as gs + gm;
with:
gm - master element gap, with:


or spring elements.
element.
gm and gs are limited separately by GAPMAXm and GAPMAXs before the gap
computation.
7. The coefficients C1 - C6 are used to define a variable friction coefficient .
8. INACTI = 0 ignores the initial penetrations, but the contacts are not deleted, new
contact will be well detected once the penetrations are disappeared. INACTI = 5 is similar
to the one of interface type 7, but once the initial penetration is gone, the new contact
will be detected using not-adjusted gap (P0 is reset to zero).

p, V
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function ( )
where, p is the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the
tangential velocity of the slave node.
IFRIC = GEN - Generalized viscous friction law
FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
IFRIC = DARM - Darmstad law
= C1 * e(C 2V) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V) * p + C5 * e(C 6V)
IFRIC = REN - Renard law
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:


F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T-1
where,
F adh T
∆F T = K * VT * dt
12. When SENSID is defined for activation/deactivation of the interface, TSTART and TSTOP
are not taken into account.
13. When the contact type is the symmetric surface to surface, the output normal contact
forces in TH file are correctly calculated if the two surfaces are well separated.
14. IPEN0 = 0 excludes the initial auto-impacts in the same part (shell and solid elements
only). IPEN0 = 1 takes into account the initial auto-impacts in the same part, but in some
complex situations, wrong initial penetrations might be given.
15. For implicit test: Interface type24 is now only available with SMP. The default of ISTF will
be set to 4. The default INACTI will be set to -1 .

PCOMP
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMP – Composite Laminate Property
Description
Defines the structure and properties of an n-ply composite laminate material.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMP PID Z0 NSM SB FT TREF GE LAM
MID1 T1 THETA1 SOUT1 MID2 T2 THETA2 SOUT2
MID3 T3 THETA3 SOUT3 etc.
DS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMP 100 -0.5 1.E5 STRN 100.
120 0.2 0.0 YES 120 0.6 0.0 NO
120 0.2 0.0 YES
1.0
Field Contents
PID Unique composite property identification number.

Field Contents
Z0 Real number or character input (Top/Bottom)
Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element reference
plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 * Thick, Thick
being the composite total thickness (Real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 17
NSM Nonstructural mass per unit area.
No default (Real)
SB Allowable inter-laminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding material).

Disregarded if blank or 0.0.
FT Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed. The

following failure theory codes are supported:
HILL for Hill theory,
HOFF for Hoffman theory,
TSAI for Tsai-Wu theory,
STRN for Maximum Strain Theory.
See comments 13 through 15.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI, or

STRN)
TREF Reference (stress free) temperature. See comment 1.
GE Damping coefficient. See comments 10 and 11.
LAM Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness
terms are developed. The following options are supported:
SYM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to be
specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the top
half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom to top.

Field Contents
MEM: All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms MID1 are
developed. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
BEND: All plies must be specified, but only bending terms MID2 are
SMEAR: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and

MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3,
MID4, TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored
(assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SMEARZ0: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored. While

the laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized (smeared)
material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account. Hence, if Z0 is not
equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will include MID1, MID2 and
MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no transverse shear deformation is
considered.
SMCORE: All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core properties
and the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The face sheet
properties are calculated without regard for stacking sequence; half of the
total face sheet thickness is then placed on top of the core, and half is
placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric laminate. Stiffness of the
core is ignored while its density is included in inertia calculations.
Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYMEM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the
top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom to
top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full laminate. Prescribed
Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYBEND: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate. Prescribed
Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYSMEAR: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the
derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and 12I/T**3 are set
to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND,
SMEAR, SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)

Field Contents
MIDi Material IDs of individual plies. The plies are identified by consecutively
numbering them from 1 at the bottom layer. The MIDs must refer to
MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, or MAT8 bulk data entries. If MIDi is not
specified, default is the last defined MIDi.
Default = last defined MIDi (Integer>0 or blank, except that MID1 must be
specified)
Ti Thicknesses of individual plies. If Ti is not specified, default is the last

defined Ti.
Default = last defined Ti (Real > 0.0 or blank, except that T1 must be
specified)
THETAi Orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction of each ply

relative to the x-axis of the material coordinate system associated with a
given element. If no material coordinate system is prescribed for the
element, the angle is measured relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUTi Stress, Strain and Failure Index output request for individual plies. See
comments 2 and 3.
DS Design switch. If non-zero (1.0), the elements associated with this

PCOMP data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Default = blank (Real = 1.0 or blank)
Comments
1. TREF specified on the PCOMP entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMP card, then all the ply
materials must have the same reference temperature.
2. Stress, Strain and Failure Index output for individual plies is activated by setting SOUTi to
YES for a given ply. In addition, the I/O Options CSTRESS (controlling Stress and Failure
Index output) and/or CSTRAIN (controlling Strain output) must be defined. Failure Index
output also requires that the FT and SB fields be defined and that stress/strain allowables
on the referenced materials are defined.
3. An additional piece of information available with ply results is "failure index for the
element," which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUTi set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.

4. If all plies specify zero transverse shear coefficients (G1Z, G2Z on MAT8 card, isotropic G
for MAT1, not available for MAT2), the in-plane shear modulus will be used to determine
transverse shear stiffness of the composite.
Note: If just one layer has a nonzero value specified for

transverse shear modulus, this substitution is not
being performed, and user-specified values are being
used for all plies.
5. The signs given to stress limits for compression and tension (ST, SC, for MAT1; Xt, Xc,
and so on for MAT8) are of no relevance. Absolute values are taken and used in the
appropriate context to calculate failure indices.
6. For com
bottom and top surfaces of the shell are produced.
Note: These shell stresses are calculated using

homogenized shell properties, and should be
7.
This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset is not
included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of incorporating
offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
8. Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMP data.
9. Plies are listed from the bottom surface upwards, in respect to the element’s normal
direction. In the image below, (a) shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate, and (b) shows the stacking sequence for a symmetrical laminate.
10. GE given on the PCOMP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
material entries for individual plies are ignored. You are responsible for supplying the
equivalent damping value on the PCOMP entry.
12. For convenience, element output for the SMEAR and SMCORE options includes both
homogenized shell stresses and individual ply stresses. However, because stacking
sequence is ignored in these options, individual ply stresses will only be valid in cases of

pure membrane deformation.
13. Note that Hill’s failure theory does not differentiate between compressive and tensile
strength. Hence, while different values of respective strength limits are accepted, it is
still recommended that Xt is set to be equal to Xc and Yt is set to be equal to Yc when
this criteria is used. Xt and Xc are allowable tensile and compressive stresses in the
principle x direction of the material. Yt and Yc are allowable tensile and compressive
stresses in the principle y direction of the material.
14. Failure index calculation according to Maximum Strain Theory is based on mechanical
component of strain only, not on total strain. This is because only the mechanical strain
contributes to actual damage of the respective ply (pure thermal expansion produces no
damaging effects).
15. According to the formula, some failure criteria (for example, Tsai-Wu and Hoffman) would
produce a negative ply failure, depending on the problem.
16. If ‘PARAM, SRCOMPS, YES’ is added to the input file, strength ratios with respect to
designated failure theory are output for composite elements that have failure indices
requested.
17. The following two formats are permissible for the Z0 field:
Real Number:
It represents the distance from the shell element reference plane to the bottom surface
of the shell (Default = -0.5 * Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (Real or
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
The shell reference plane, the plane defined by the grid points, and the top surface of the
shell are coplanar.
This makes the effective "Real" Z0 value equal to the composite total thickness (-1.0 *
Thick). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Top option for Z0
Bottom:
The shell reference plane, the plane defined by the grid points, and the bottom surface of
the shell are coplanar.

This makes the effective "Real" Z0 value equal to 0. See Figure 2.
Figure 2: Bottom option for Z0

PCOMPG
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPG – Composite Laminate Property
Description
Defines the structure and properties of a composite laminate material, allowing for global ply
identification.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMPG PID Z0 NSM SB FT TREF GE LAM
GPLYID1 MID1 T1 THETA1 SOUT1
GPLYID2 MID2 T2 THETA2 SOUT2
… … … … …
DS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMP 100 -0.5 1.E5 STRN 100.
101 120 0.2 0.0 YES
2 120 0.6 0.0 NO
103 120 0.2 0.0 YES
1.0

Field Contents
Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element

reference plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 *
Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 18.
No default (Real)
SB Allowable interlaminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding

material). Disregarded if blank or 0.0.
FT Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed.

The following failure theory codes are supported:
See comments 14 through 16.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI, or

STRN)

Field Contents
LAM Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness
terms are developed. The following options are supported:
MEM: All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms MID1 are
BEND: All plies must be specified, but only bending terms MID2 are
SMEAR: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and

MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while
MID3, MID4, TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is
ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SMEARZ0: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored.

While the laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized
(smeared) material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account.
Hence, if Z0 is not equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will
include MID1, MID2 and MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no
transverse shear deformation is considered.
SMCORE: All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core
properties and the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The
face sheet properties are calculated without regard for stacking
sequence; half of the total face sheet thickness is then placed on top
of the core, and half is placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric
laminate. Stiffness of the core is ignored while its density is included in
inertia calculations. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5*
Thick).
SYMEM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to
the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full
laminate. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYBEND: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs
to be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected
to the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate.
Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYSMEAR: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs
to be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected
to the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to
MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and
12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -
0.5* Thick).

Field Contents
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND,
SMEAR, SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)
GPLYID# Global Ply identification number, See comment 12.
MID# Material IDs of individual plies. The plies are identified by consecutively
numbering them from 1 at the bottom layer. The MIDs must refer to
MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, or MAT8 bulk data entries. If MID# is not
specified, default is the last defined MID#.
Default = last defined MID# (Integer > 0 or blank, except that MID1
must be specified)
T# Thicknesses of individual plies. If T# is not specified, default is the last

defined T#.
Default = last defined T# (Real > 0.0 or blank, except that T1 must be
specified)
THETA# Orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction of each ply

relative to the x-axis of the material coordinate system associated with
a given element. If no material coordinate system is prescribed for the
element, the angle is measured relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUT# Stress and failure index output request for individual plies. See
comments 2 and 3.
DS Design switch. If non-zero (1.0), the elements associated with this

PCOMP data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Default = blank (Real = 1.0 or blank)
Comments
1. TREF specified on the PCOMPG entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMPG card, then all the ply
2. For SOUTi to take effect, CSTRESS must be requested in the I/O options section of the
input deck. Individual ply results will be available in addition to shell stresses and strains

based on the homogenized composite properties.
element", which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUTi set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.
4. If all plies specify zero transverse shear coefficients (G1Z, G2Z on MAT8 card, isotropic G
for MAT1, not available for MAT2), the in-plane shear modulus will be used to determine
transverse shear stiffness of the composite.
Note: If just one layer has a nonzero value specified for

transverse shear modulus, this substitution is not
being performed, and user-specified values are being
used for all plies.
5. The signs given to stress limits for compression and tension (ST, SC, for MAT1; Xt, Xc,
and so on for MAT8) are of no relevance. Absolute values are taken and used in the
appropriate context to calculate failure indices.
6.

7.
This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset is not
included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of incorporating
offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
8. Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMPG data.
9. Plies are listed from the bottom surface upwards, in respect to the element’s normal
direction. The image below shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate.
10. GE given on the PCOMP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
equivalent damping value on the PCOMPG entry.

12. The global ply identification number must be unique with respect to other plies in the
entry.
damaging effects).
requested.
Real Number:
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
shell are coplanar.

Bottom:

PCOMPP
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPP – Composite Laminate Property for Ply-Based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the properties of a composite laminate material used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMPP PID Z0 NSM SB FT TREF GE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMPP 1 -0.1 HILL 20
Field Contents
Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element

reference plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 *
Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (Real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 12.
No default (Real)
SB Allowable interlaminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding

material). Disregarded if blank or 0.0.

Field Contents
FT Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed.

The following failure theory codes are supported:
See comment 10.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI or

STRN).
Comments
1. The PCOMPP card is used in combination with the STACK and PLY cards to create
composite properties through the ply-based definition.
2. TREF specified on the PCOMPP entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMPP card, then all the ply
3.

4.
correct. This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset
is not included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of
incorporating offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
5. Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMPP data.
6. GE given on the PCOMPP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
equivalent damping value on the PCOMPP entry.


damaging effects).
requested.
Real Number:
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
shell are coplanar.
Bottom:


PCOMPX
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPX – Optional Composite Laminate Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional composite laminate properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMPX PID ISHELL ISH3N ISMSTR HM HF HR
DM DN ITHIC K IPLAS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC OMP 73
120 0.2 0.0 YES 120 0.6 45.0 YES
PC OMPX 73 24
Field Contents
PID Property ID of the associated PSHELL. See comment 1.
ISHELL Flag for CQUAD4 element formulation.
1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and rigid

modes (Belytschko)
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist)
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality

Field Contents
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for warped

elements)
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation
24 - QEPH shell formulation
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (Integer)
ISH3N Flag for CTRIA3 element formulation.
1 - Standard triangle (C0)

2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation
30 - DKT18
31 - DKT_S3
ISMSTR Flag for shell small strain formulation.
1 - Small strain from time = 0

2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation
activation by time step XSTEP, TYPEi = SHELL, TSCi = CST
3 - Alternative small strain formulation from time = 0 (ISHELL =2 only).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect)
HM Shell membrane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HM < 0.05)
Except ISHELL = 3: Default = 0.1 (Real)
HF Shell out of plane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HF < 0.05)
HR Shell rotation hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HR < 0.05)
DM Shell membrane damping (with MATX27, MATX36 only).
Default: See comment 7 (Real)

Field Contents
DN Shell numerical damping (ISHELL = 12, 24; ISH3N = 30 only).
ITHICK Flag for shell resultant stresses calculation.
CONST - Thickness is constant

VAR - Thickness change is taken into account
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (CONST or VAR)
IPLAS Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (with MATX27 only).
RAD - Radial return

NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (RAD or NEWT)
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PCOMP, PCOMPG, or

PCOMPP bulk data entry. Only one PCOMPX property extension can be associated with a
particular PCOMP, PCOMPG, or PCOMPP.
2. PCOMPX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. Q4: Original 4 node OptiStruct shell with hourglass perturbation stabilization.

QEPH: Formulation with physical hourglass stabilization for general use.
QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced
integration for in-plane shear. No hourglass control is needed for this shell.
DKT18: BATOZ DKT18 thin shell with 3 Hammer integration points.
4. If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, engineering strain and stress are
used; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
5. For ITHICK = VAR it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
6. If ITHICK = VAR or IPLAS = NEWT, the small strain option is automatically deactivated.
7. Defaults for DM:
Material Element type ISHELL/ISH3N Default
MATX27 except QEPH, QBAT except 12, 24 5%
QEPH 24 1.5%
QBAT 12 0%

MATX36 except QEPH except 24 0%
QEPH 24 1.5%
8. Defaults for DN:
Element ISHELL/ Default Usage

type ISH3N
QBAT 12 0.1% All stress terms, except

transverse shear
QEPH 24 1.5% Hourglass stress
DKT18 12/30 0.01% Membrane stress only
9. This card is represented as extension to a PCOMP, PCOMPG, and PCOMPP property in

HyperMesh.

PCONT
Bulk Data Entry
PCONT – Contact Property
Description
Defines properties of CONTACT interface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT PID GPAD STIFF MU1 MU2 C LEARANC E
FRIC ESL
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34 0.3 0.25
Enforced stick condition:
PC ONT 34 STIC K
Field Contents
GPAD “Padding” of the interface to account for additional layers, such as shell
thickness. This value is subtracted from the contact gap opening as
calculated from the location of nodes. See comment 1.
Default = THICK (Real, NONE or THICK)

Field Contents
STIFF Relative stiffness of contact interface. See comment 2.
Default = AUTO (AUTO, SOFT, HARD or Real > 0.0)
MU1 Coefficient of static friction ( s). See comments 3 and 4.
MU2 Coefficient of kinetic friction ( k). (Ignored in linear analysis).
CLEARANCE Prescribed initial gap opening between master and slave, irrespective of
the actual distance between the nodes. See comment 11.
Default = not prescribed. (Real or blank).

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in
physical distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See Comment 7.
• Non-zero value or blank activates respective friction model based

on Elastic Slip Distance.
• Zero value activates friction model based on fixed transverse
stiffness KT.
Default = AUTO (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
Comments
1. The initial contact gap opening is calculated automatically based on the relative location
of slave and master nodes (in the original, undeformed mesh). To account for additional
material layers covering master and slave objects, the GPAD entry can be used. GPAD
option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides of the contact
interface (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or composite offset
Z0).
2. Option STIFF=AUTO determines the value of normal stiffness for each contact element
using the stiffness of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create
respectively softer or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence
difficulties and HARD can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
3. Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition – such

applies to contacts that are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce the stick
condition, frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 8).
4. Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface – the
contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is zero.
Also, rotations at the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master patch. The

FREEZE condition applies to all respective contact elements, no matter whether open or
closed (hence, GPAD is of no relevance in this case). Also, this condition is effective
irrespective of the frictional offset setting.
If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
PCONT.
5. The CONTACT element force-displacement behavior is different in linear and nonlinear

analysis (see Nonlinear Gap and CONTACT Analysis for more information on nonlinear
solutions). In linear analysis, the contact stiffness is constant and depends on the initial
contact gap opening U0 as calculated from the positions of Slave and Master (and
considering padding GPAD). Note that for open contact elements, a very small stiffness
value of KB =10-14 *STIFF is used to avoid numerical singularities.
C ONTAC T element force deflection curve for linear analysis
The CONTACT force displacement behavior in nonlinear analysis is illustrated in the figure
below. While the contact is open, its normal stiffness is essentially zero (a small value of
KB =10-14 *STIFF is used to avoid singularities). When the contact element closes, the
stiffness becomes STIFF.

C ONTAC T element force deflection curve for nonlinear analysis
6. When contact is open, there is no transverse stiffness. When the contact is closed,
friction is activated and the contact has stiffness KT=mu1*STIFF in the transverse
direction (KT=0.1*STIFF in case of STICK). This acts as a linear spring in linear solution
sequences. For nonlinear solution sequences, frictional force increases with sliding
distance in proportion to KT until it reaches static friction force MU1 * Fx, Fx being the
normal force in the contact element. With further transverse deformation, friction
becomes kinetic and the friction force is MU2 * Fx. See the figure below for a one-
dimensional illustration.
C ONTAC T element frictional behavior in nonlinear analysis
Note that the nonlinear contact element's force-displacement behavior may produce
negative contributions to the compliance of the structure. As an example, when slave
and master bodies have initial overlap and the contact releases elastic energy during the
solution.
7. Effective in Release 12.0, two models of friction are available in nonlinear analysis:
(a) Model based on fixed slope KT (previously existing),

(b) Model based on Elastic Slip Distance FRICESL (introduced in v12.0 and current
default).
This latter model typically shows better performance in solution of frictional problems
C omparison of the two available friction models for contact elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simple, yet has certain drawback in
modeling nonlinear friction. Namely, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends
upon normal force. Using fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for
different normal forces, and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip,
depending on normal force.
require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL – for contact interfaces this value is
determined automatically as 0.5% of typical element size on all Master contact
surfaces.
The model (b), which is currently the default, is recommended for solution of nonlinear
problems with friction. For backwards compatibility, the model based on fixed KT can be
activated by prescribing FRICESL=0 on PCONT or CONTPRM card.
8. The model of friction in OptiStruct is relatively simple. The frictional force is always
directed back to the point where the slave and master first came into contact (changed
status from open to closed). Its location is estimated using proportional interpolation
between the current position and the last converged solution before penetration.
OptiStruct CONTACT should not be used for modeling frictional problems with complex
deformation paths and changing sliding directions.
9. The presence of friction can introduce moment loadings and counter-intuitive results into
the problem by way of frictional offset. The reason for this is that, for contact elements
with non-zero length (distance between slave node and master segment), the actual
location of the contact interface is presumed to be in the middle of the contact element’s
length (see figure below).

C ONTAC T presumed contact surface
The frictional forces act along this contact surface. Transferring these forces to the
slave and master objects requires an offset operation that produces both forces and
moments at slave and master. Similarly, the sliding distance at the contact interface is a
result of nodal displacements and rotations of the slave node and master segment (see
figure below).
C ONTAC T sliding with friction
Master segments, which consist of several nodes, can effectively resist these offset
forces and moments. However, for slave bodies that do not support moments (nodes of
solid elements, for example), this offset may render friction ineffective because the free
rotations at slave nodes offer no effective resistance to friction. With the stick condition
formally satisfied, for example, slave and master can move relative to each other (see
figure below).

C ONTAC T stick (zero sliding distance)
In practice, for contact interfaces that are initially open, AUTOSPC will effectively fix
respective unsupported rotations. However, for contacts that are initially closed (for
example, pre-penetrating contact with MORIENT=NORMAL) the frictional terms will
prevent AUTOSPC from being effective. Hence, respective SPC on rotations need to be
applied manually to respective slave nodes.
Effective in the Release 12.0, to avoid such counter-intuitive behavior, the frictional
offset operation is by default turned off if the model involves friction or stick and contains
at least one nonlinear subcase (of NLSTAT type). (Note that for consistency, this affects
both linear and nonlinear contact elements.) This produces more intuitive results with
friction. However, it may violate the rigid body balance of the body.
Note: FREEZE condition is enforced using a special

formulation where the above caveat does not apply
and the offset operation is always applied.
The above default setting can be changed via the GAPOFFS command on the GAPPRM
card.
10. The presence of friction, due to its strongly nonlinear, non-conservative nature, may
cause difficulties in nonlinear convergence, especially when sliding is present. If frictional
resistance is essential to the solution of the problem and convergence problems are
encountered, enforcing the stick condition (by prescribing KT>0 and MU=0) may be a
viable solution that will often result in better convergence than with Coulomb friction.
Note however, that this only applies to problems in which minimal sliding is expected. In
the case of larger sliding motions, the stick condition may lead to divergence through a
"tumbling" mode.
11. Prescribing CLEARANCE overrides the default contact behavior of calculating initial gap
opening from the actual distance between Slave and Master. CLEARANCE now becomes
the distance that Slave and Master have to move towards each other in order to close
the contact. Negative value of CLEARANCE means that the bodies have initial pre-
penetration.

Warning: When prescribing CLEARANCE, it is important to
correctly restrict the contact zones and pick
search distance SRCHDIS so that only desired
Slave-Master pairs are involved. With
prescribed CLEARANCE, all contact elements
created on a given interface, even those
where Slaves are geometrically distant from
the respective Master surface, will be
considered to be at prescribed initial gap and
participate in resolving the contact condition.
Note: CLEARANCE cannot be prescribed together with (non-

zero) GPAD. Blank GPAD field in presence of
CLEARANCE is interpreted as NONE.

PCONTHT
Bulk Data Entry
PCONTHT – Define Conductivity for Contact in Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
Defines conductivity for CONTACT elements in heat transfer analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONTHT PID KC KO TPID TC ID
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONTHT 2 1E6
Contact with automatic determination of KC:
PC ONTHT 2 AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe pressure based conductivity for contact:
PC ONTHT 2 10
Clearance and pressure based conductivity for contact (see comments 3 and 4):
PC ONTHT 2 1E6 10 20
Field Contents
PID Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PCONT bulk
data entry. See comment 1.

Field Contents
KC Conductivity for the closed contact. See comment 2.
KO Conductivity for the open contact. See comment 2.
Default = 10-14 * KC (Real > 0.0) This default is also set when KO =0.
TPID Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies

conductivity based on contact pressure. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
TCID Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies

conductivity based on contact clearance. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
Comments
1. PCONTHT provides heat transfer conductivity for CONTACT element. PCONTHT must
match PID with an existing PCONT.
2. KC and KO represent conductivity values for closed and open contacts. Theoretically,
while higher conductivity values enforce a perfect conductor, excessively high values may
cause poor conditioning of the conductivity matrix. If any such symptoms are observed,
it may be beneficial to reduce the value of conductivity, or use conductivity based
contact clearance and pressure.
To facilitate reasonable values for KC, automatic calculation is supported, specifically:
Option KC=AUTO determines the value of KC for each contact element using the
conductivity of surrounding elements.
3. TPID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies conductivity based on contact pressure.
TPID overrides KC.
4. TCID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies contact based on contact clearance. TCID
overrides KO. TPID can be specified together with TCID. When TPID is specified together
with TCID, conductivity is determined from the table with TCID for open contact, and
from the table with TPID for closed contact.
5. PCONTHT is not supported for surface-to-surface contact (DISCRET=S2S on CONTACT/

TIE).
6. Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact/gap

PCONTX
Bulk Data Entry
PCONTX – Extended CONTACT Property for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines properties of a CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONTX PID STFAC FRIC GAP IDEL INAC TI C TYPE
TSTART TEND
ISYM IEDGE FANG IGAP ISTF STIF1 STMIN STMAX
VISS VISF BMULT IBC MULTIMP
IFRIC IFORM IFILT FFAC
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONT 34
PC ONTX 34
Field Contents

Field Contents
0 - No deletion.
the interface.

0 - No action.
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 – 0.05*(gap - P0 )
Valid in implicit analysis: 0, 3 and 4.
CTYPE Implicit contact type.
Default = TYPE7 (Character = TYPE5, TYPE7)

Field Contents
TSTART Start time
The following entries are relevant for explicit analysis only.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = SYM, UNSYM)

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
All – All segment edges are included.
FANG Feature angle for edge generation (Only with IEDGE = FEAT).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR)


characteristics.

Field Contents
STIF1 Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1)

slave grid set.
MULTIMP Maximum average number of impacted master segments per slave node
Default = 4 for SMP; 12 for SPMD (Integer > 0)
BMULT Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm. Is

machine-dependent.



Field Contents
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
Only one PCONTX property extension can be associated with a particular PCONT.
2. PCONTX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
PCONT.
initial gap.
5.
The slave stiffness is an equivalent nodal stiffness computed as Ks = STFAC * B * V- 3 for


The interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of

7. The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as gs + gm
with:

gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid or
spring elements.
caution because:

interfaces.

IFRIC = COUL – Coulomb friction with F T < FRIC * F N .
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function (m = m (p, V)), where p is the
the slave node.
m = FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
m = C1 · e(C 2 V ) · p2 + C3 · e(C 4 V ) · p + C5 · e(C 6 V )
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3) and C2 < C3).
The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as
F adh T
F T = min (µF N , F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = F T old + ∆F T
∆F T = K * VT * dt
F T new = min (µF N , F adh)
11.
F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T - 1
where,
F'T - 1 - Tangential force at time t-1

PCONV
Bulk Data Entry
PCONV – Free Convection Property Definition
Description
Defines a free convection boundary condition properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PC ONV PC ONID MID FORM EXPF
Field Contents
PCONID Convection property identification number of a PCONV card.

MID Material property identification number of MAT4 card.

FORM Types of formula used for free convection.

Default = 0, Integer 0, 1, 10, 11, 20, 21
EXPF Free convection exponent.

For FORM = 0, 10, and 20, EXPF = 0.0
For FORM = 1, 11, and 21, EXPF = 1.0
Comments
1. Every CONV card must refer a PCONV card.
2. Heat transfer coefficient (H) is specified on MAT4 card with MID.
3. FORM specifies the convection formula type.
If FORM = 0, 10, 20,
q = H * (T - TAMB)E XP F * (T - TAMB)
If FORM = 1, 11, 21
q = H * (T E XP F - TAMBE XP F ))
where, T is grid temperature and TAMB is the ambient temperature.

4. EXPF is the free convection temperature exponent.
If FORM = 0, 10, 20, EXPF = 0.0 for linear convection.
If FORM = 1, 11, 21, EXPF = 1.0 for linear convection.
Therefore, linear convection formula is:
q = H * (T-TAMB)

PDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
PDAMP – Scalar Damper Property
Description
Specifies the damping of a scalar damper element using defined CDAMP1 or CDAMP3 entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PDAMP PID1 B1 PID2 B2 PID3 B3 PID4 B4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PDAMP 14 2.3 2 6.1
Field Contents
PID# Property identification number.
B# Force per unit velocity.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Damping values are defined directly on the CDAMP2 entry and therefore do not require a
PDAMP entry.
2. A structural viscous damper, CVISC, may also be used for geometric grid points.
3. Up to four damping properties may be defined on a single entry.

PEAKOUT
Bulk Data Entry
PEAKOUT – Peak Identification Criteria
Description
Defines criteria used for the automatic identification of loading frequencies at which result
peaks occur. Other result output may then be requested at these “peak” loading frequencies.
This feature is only supported for frequency response solution sequences.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PEAKOUT SID NPEAK NEAR FAR LFREQ HFREQ RTYPE PSC ALE
GRIDC GID1 C ID1 C UTOFF1 GID2 C ID2 C UTOFF2
GID3 C ID3 C UTOFF3 ... ... ...
... ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PEAKOUT 396 5 0.5 100.0 0.0 200.0 DISP DB
GRIDC 65 1 11 66 1 10
67 1 11 68 1 11
Field Contents

Field Contents
NPEAK Desired number of peaks. See comment 2.
NEAR Minimum allowed distance between two peaks. If two peaks are closer
than this value, the loading frequency of the lower peak will be ignored.
See comment 2.
FAR Maximum allowed distance between two peaks. Additional peaks will be
selected (in addition to NPEAK) if the distance between the peaks is
greater than this value. See comment 2.
Default = largest applied loading frequency (Real > 0.0)
LFREQ Starting loading frequency for peak identification. See comment 2.
HFREQ Ending loading frequency for peak identification. See comment 2.
Default = largest applied loading frequency (Real > 0.0)
RTYPE Result type for peak identification for the structural domain.
The result for a structural degree of freedom can be displacement (DISP),

velocity (VELO), or acceleration (ACCE).
Default = DISP (DISP, VELO or ACCE)
PSCALE Pressure scaling method for peak identification for the fluid domain.
The result for a fluid grid can be the scale of pressure, decibels (DB) or A-
weighted decibels (DBA). See comment 3 for decibel calculations and
reference pressure settings. For DBA, standard A-weighting is used.
Default = DBA (DB, DBA or NONE)
GRIDC Flag indicating that a degree-of-freedom list for peak identification is to

follow.
GID# Grid identification number.

Field Contents
CID# Component identification number.
CUTOFF# The cutoff value can be a real value or an integer value. See comment 2.
If the entry is a real value, then this is the value of the cutoff (in the
same unit specified by RTYPE and PSCALE).
If the entry is an integer value, then this is the identification number of a

TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4 entry defining the cutoff as a
function of frequency (in the same unit specified by RTYPE and PSCALE).
Default = 0.0 (Real or Integer > 0)
Comments
1. There can be multiple PEAKOUT cards with the same SETID.
2. The following example shows how the different criteria work in identifying peaks.
Figure 1: Plot of the Acoustic Response vs. Frequency

Figure 1 shows a plot of the Acoustic Response versus frequency for a chosen degree-of-
freedom. The total frequency range can be reduced to the frequency range of interest by
defining LFREQ and HFREQ. The search area can be further reduced by defining CUTOFF
such that low magnitude peaks can be ignored. In the remaining region, 5 peaks (P1, P2,
P3, P4, and P5) can easily be identified. Should NPEAK be set to 4, the resulting
frequency set would consist of the frequencies corresponding to the peaks P4, P5, P1,
and P3, with P5 being omitted.
In order to ensure that peaks are neither too far apart nor too close together, the FAR
and NEAR criteria, respectively, may be used.
In the above example, should a value of 50HZ be defined for FAR, P4 would be selected in
addition to the other peaks because D2 (~54 Hz) is greater than 50Hz, and so an
additional peak is required to satisfy the FAR criterion.
Similarly, should a value of 15Hz be defined for NEAR, then P2 will be omitted, as D1 (~11
Hz) is less than 15Hz.
3. The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10 (P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.
4. If you wish to include interior points of a superelement (in a CMS model) for the purposes
of peak identification using the PEAKOUT bulk data entry, the SEINTPNT entry can be
used in the subcase information section to convert the interior grid points to exterior grid
points (since points referenced by PEAKOUT should be exterior points only).

PELAS
Bulk Data Entry
PELAS – Scalar Elastic Property
Description
Used to define the stiffness and stress coefficient of a scalar elastic element (spring) by
means of the CELAS1 or CELAS3 entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PELAS PID K GE S PID K GE S
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PELAS 7 4.29 7.92 27 2.17
Field Contents
PID Unique scalar elastic property identification number.
K Elastic property value.
No default (Real)
GE Damping Coefficient. See comments 3 and 4.
S Stress coefficient.

Comments
1. Be careful using negative spring values.
2. One or two elastic spring properties may be defined on a single entry.
3. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.
5. The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation:
F = k * (u1 – u2)

PELAST
Bulk Data Entry
PELAST – Frequency-dependent Elastic Spring Property
Description
Defines the frequency dependent property values for a PELAS bulk data entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PELAST PID TKID TGEID TKNID
Field Contents
PID Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PELAS bulk data
entry.
TKID Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the force per unit
displacement versus frequency relationship.
TGEID Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the element structural
damping coefficient versus frequency relationship.
TKNID Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the nonlinear force
versus displacement relationship.
Comments
1. Each PELAST entry must have a matching PELAS entry.
2. PELAST is ignored in all solution sequences except frequency response analysis. Nominal
values from the PELAS entry are used in all the analyses except frequency response
analysis.

3. If a particular TABLED id is blank or 0, the corresponding nominal value from the PELAS
entry will be used.
4. The TKNID table is currently unused in nonlinear analysis and is ignored.

PERBC
Bulk Data Entry
PERBC – Defines a connection between opposite edges/faces of the structure (Periodic

Boundary Conditions).
Description
The PERBC bulk data entry can be used to define a connection between opposite edges/faces
of the structure. This entry is used to apply Periodic Boundary Conditions to the model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PERBC ID GSID RLID TOL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PERBC 2 45 32 0.01
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
GSID Identification number of a SET of grid points on one side of the structure.
(Integer > 0)
RLID Identification number of a RELOC bulk data entry that maps the nodes on one
side of the structure to the other. An exact one-to-one match between the two
sides is required.
(Integer > 0)
TOL Specifies the numeric value defining the maximum distance between two grid
points to allow equivalence. All grid points in the set defined by GSID and the
set of grid points on the other side of the structure (mapping defined by the
RELOC entry) are considered for equivalence based on the tolerance.
(Real > 0.0)

Comments
1. The PERBC entry can be used to apply periodic boundary conditions, to match results
from one side of the structure to another.
2. The referenced RELOC Bulk Data Entry should be defined with TYPE=MOVE or
TYPE=ROTATE. For TYPE=ROTATE, a simple rotation about a single axis should only be
defined. All grids on one side of the structure (defined via GSID) and matching grids on
the other side should cannot have a coordinate system (Field CD on GRID entry) defined.
If RELOC(ROTATE) is specified, then all matching grids will have CD assigned automatically
to match the structure.
3. Periodic Boundary Conditions are supported for all solution sequences (except OptiStruct-
Multi-body Dynamics (OS-MBD) and Geometric Nonlinear Analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM/
IMPDYN/EXPDYN)) and all optimization types. In shape optimization, when GRID’s identified
on the PERBC entry are in or near the optimized zone, their location changes should be
properly linked through DVGRID, otherwise the results may be incorrect.

PFAST
Bulk Data Entry
PFAST – CFAST Element Property
Description
Define properties of connector (CFAST) elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFAST PID D MC ID MFLAG KT1 KT2 KT3 KR1
KR2 KR3 MASS GE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFAST 9 0.3 20 1 12800.0 8000.0 8000.0
0.8
Field Contents
PID Identification number of a PFAST entry.
D Diameter of the connector. See comment 2.
MCID Identification number of the element stiffness coordinate system. See

comment 3.

Field Contents
MFLAG Flag to indicate how the coordinate system specified by MCID will be
used.
If MFLAG = 0, MCID defines a relative coordinate system.
If MFLAG = 1, MCID defines an absolute coordinate system.
KTi Stiffness values in directions 1 through 3.
KRi Rotational stiffness values in directions 4 through 6.
MASS Mass of the fastener. See comment 5.
GE Structural damping.
Comments
1. For a CFAST element, no material needs to be specified in the corresponding PFAST card
- the stiffness of the element is directly specified in the PFAST card with KTi and KRi
entries.
2. The diameter D will not be involved in the stiffness calculation directly. It is used along
with GA and GB to find appropriate auxiliary points and related shell elements and grids. In
this case, the stiffness contribution of the fastener depends not only on the stiffness
values specified for KTi and KRi, but also the diameter D, because the location of the
auxiliary points will be used to weight the contribution of the shell element grids to GA and
GB of the fastener.
3. Element stiffness coordinate system. The three stiffness values KT1, KT2 and KT3 will be
applied along the three axes of the element coordinate system. The unit vectors of the
three axes are denoted as e1, e2 and e3.
a) If MCID = -1, MFLAG will be ignored and e1 will be defined as:
e2 is defined as being perpendicular to e1 and lined up with the closest axis of the basic
system. This is accomplished by taking the inner product of e1 with the basic system unit
vectors. The smallest will define the basic system direction which is closest to the plane

perpendicular to e1* e2 is then defined as the projection of the basic direction onto this
perpendicular plane. For example, assume m is the unit vector of the closest axis of the
basic system. The direction of e2 can be calculated as:
Unify this vector, then
At last, e3 can be calculated by the cross product of e1 and e2 as follows:
e3 = e1 x e2
b) If MCID > 0 and MFLAG = 0, e1 will be defined as:
in which XA and XB are the coordinates of GA and GB.
The T2 direction specified by MCID will be used to define the orientation vector v of the
fastener.
Then, e3 can be obtained as:
At last, the e2 can be easily calculated by the cross product of e3 and e1 as follows:
e2 = e3 x e1
c)
used directly as e1, e2 and e3. The element forces will be computed in the coordinate
system defined in comment 3(a).
d) If MCID refers to a cylindrical or spherical coordinate system, the local origin used to
locate the system is selected as follow: (i) if GA of the CFAST is specified, use GA as
the local origin; (ii) if GA is not specified but GS is specified, use GS as the local origin;
(iii) if neither GA nor GS is specified, use the point (XS, YS, ZS) as the local origin.
4. The final length of the CFAST element is defined by the distance between GA and GB. If
the length is zero, the normal to shell patch A is used to define the axis of the fastener.
5. For the mass of the fastener, half of the value defined in the MASS entry is placed
directly onto the translational degrees-of-freedom of GA and GB. Then they are
distributed, via auxiliary points, to corresponding shell grids. As the result, while the mass
will be represented correctly for general representation of the fastener in the vibrations of
the structure, the moments of inertia relative to the local axes of the fastener will only be

roughly approximated.

PFAT
Bulk Data Entry
PFAT – Fatigue Properties
Description
Defines element properties for fatigue analysis
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFAT ID Layer Finish Treatme Kf

nt
Field Contents
ID Each PFAT card must have a unique ID. This ID may be referenced from a
FATDEF definition.
Finish Material Surface Finish, a result of manufacturing process. See comment 3.
Default = NONE (NONE, POLISH, GROUND, MACHINE, HOTROLL, FORGE or any

float value between 0.0 and 1.0)
When it is a float value, it will be used to modify the fatigue limit by multiplied
with the original fatigue limit.
Treatment Material Surface Treatment for Material S-N Curve, a process used to enhance
the fatigue life. See comment 3.
Default = NONE (NONE, NITRIDED, SHOTPEEN, COLDROLL or any float value

great than 0.0)
When it is a float value, it will be used to modify the fatigue limit by multiplied
with the original fatigue limit.
Layer Region Layer for shell elements. See comment 1.
Default = 0 (0 = Worst, 1 = Top, 2 = Bottom).
Kf Fatigue strength reduction factor. See comments 2 and 3.

Comments
1. If shell elements are used, it is necessary to specify the appropriate layer or Surface of
results to use Top or Bottom. Worst is the worst result of Top and Bottom (the one with
larger damage).
2. Fatigue strength reduction factor takes into account the effect of notch effects, size
effects, and loading type influence,
where, Cnotch , Csize, and Cloading are correction factors for notch effect, size effect, and
loading type influence.
3. Finish, Treatment and Kf are ignored in FOS analysis (TYPE=FOS on FATPARM).

PFPATH
Bulk Data Entry
PFPATH – Transfer Path Analysis
Description
Bulk Data Entry for One-Step Transfer Path Analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFPATH SID C ONPT RID RTYPE C ONEL C ONREL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFPATH 10 11 12 DISP 18 23
SID <INTEGER> setid The SID is referenced by a PFPATH

card in the control section.
CONPT <INTEGER> gsid The connection points with a SID of

type GRID SET.
RID <INTEGER> rsid The response SID of type GRIDC.

Contribution to each response DOF
through the connection points will be
calculated.

RPTYPE DISP/VELO/ACCE Criterion for the type of the response; the response type
corresponding to a structural degree of freedom could be
displacement, velocity or acceleration.
Default = DISP
CONEL <INTEGER> esid The ELEMENT set consists of elements

connected to the connection GRIDs in
CONPT. These elements represent
connecting paths from the rest of the
system to the user-defined control
volume.
CONREL <INTEGER> rsid The RIGID set consists of the RIGID

elements, connected to the connection
GRIDs in CONPT. These rigid elements
represent connecting paths from the
rest of the system to the user defined
control volume.
Comments
1. There can be multiple PFPATH cards with the same SID.
2. If CONREL is specified in the 7th entry, the RIGID element IDs must be unique.

PFBODY
Bulk Data Entry
PFBODY – Flexible Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a flexible body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFBODY BID BODY_NAME
ID8 …
TYPE2 ID9 ID10 …
TYPE# …
C MS C TYPE UB_FREQ NMODES
FLXNODE NOAUTO/C 1 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
FLXNODE C2 G8 G9 …
DAMPING DTYPE DVAL

Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFBODY 3 C ontrol_arm
PSHELL 23 21
PBEAM 9 59 48
C ONM2 2345
GRID 400 401 402
C MS CB 50
FLXNODE 123 400 499
FLXNODE 123456 402 300
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PFBODY 3 Linkage
PSOLID 13 15
C MS CB 2000.0
FLXNODE NOAUTO
FLXNODE 123 900 901 902 903 1000 1001

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
FLXNODE 123456 11 12 13
DAMPING C RATIO 0.8
Field Contents
BODY_NAME Unique body name.
This name is used as the Flex H3D file name to which the reduced
flexible body information will be written out for the PFBODY.
Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d (Character string)
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3,
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PCOMPP,

PCOMPG, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID,
PVISC, PWELD, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD, or
GRID)
CMS CMS flag indicating that information on the method used for reducing
the flexible body is to follow.
CTYPE Component Mode Synthesis method to be employed.
CB - Craig-Bampton
CC - Craig-Chang
Default = CB (CB or CC)
UB_FREQ Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis. If 0.0 or blank, no

Field Contents
upper bound is used. See comments 8 and 9.
NMODES Number of modes to be extracted from eigenvalue analysis. If set to -1

or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 8 and 9.
FLXNODE FLXNODE flag indicating that flexible body interface node information is
to follow. See comment 11.
NOAUTO NOAUTO flag to not automatically determine the interface nodes for the
flexible body.
C# Component number indicating the interface degrees-of-freedom for the

following list of grids.
No default (up to 6 unique digits (0 < digit < 6) may be placed in the
field with no embedded blanks)
G# Grid identification numbers.
(Integer > 0)
DAMPING DAMPING flag indicating the flexible body modal damping.
DTYPE Damping option.
Default = DEFAULT (DEFAULT or CRATIO)
DVAL Damping ratio value if DTYPE is specified as CRATIO.
(Real > 0.0)
Comments
1. A maximum of 56 characters may be given for BODY_NAME.
2. Flex H3D file name will be <BODY_NAME>.h3d or OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d in the outfile

directory.
3. Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3 or RROD

5. A property definition; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR or RROD element or grid
point can only belong to one body (flexible or rigid).
6. All property definitions, elements and grid points defined on a PFBODY bulk data entry
form one flexible body.
7. CMS definition defines the component mode synthesis method to reduce the flexible body
for the multi-body analysis. Exactly one must be defined for each PFBODY.
8. UB_FREQ and NMODES cannot both be blank.
9. When UB_FREQ = 0.0 and NMODES = 0, this is a special case where no eigen modes will
be included in CMS mode generation.
10. If FLXNODE is not defined, a default set of interface nodes and degrees-of-freedom. will
be generated based on the actual interface nodes and degrees-of-freedom of the flexible
body.
11. One FLXNODE line can have up to six interface grid IDs. No continuation lines are
allowed. Add multiple FLXNODE lines to add more than six interface nodes.

PGAP
Bulk Data Entry
PGAP – Gap Element Property
Description
Defines properties of the gap (CGAP or CGAPG) elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGAP PID U0 F0 KA KB KT MU1 MU2
GPAD FRIC ESL
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGAP 2 .025 2.5 1E6 1E6 0.25 0.25
Frictionless contact with automatic determination of U0 and KA:
PGAP 2 AUTO AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe Coulomb friction:
PGAP 2 1E6 0.3 0.3
Enforced stick condition (See comment 8):
PGAP 2 1E6 AUTO

Field Contents
U0 Initial gap opening.
Default = 0.0 (Real or AUTO). See comment 2.
F0 Preload. (Ignored in linear analysis).
KA Axial stiffness for the closed gap. See comments 3 and 7.
No default (Real > 0.0 or AUTO, SOFT or HARD)
KB Axial stiffness for the open gap. See comment 3.
Default = 10-14 * KB (Real > 0.0). This default is also set when KB=0.
KT Transverse stiffness when the gap is closed. See comments 4 and 7.
Default = MU1 * KA (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
MU1 Coefficient of static friction (ms). See comments 8 through 10. (Ignored in
linear analysis).
MU2 Coefficient of kinetic friction (mk). (Ignored in linear analysis).
GPAD “Padding” to be added to account for additional layers on the surface of

obstacles A and B. Positive value reduces the initial gap opening. See
comment 11.
Default = NONE (Real or NONE or THICK; THICK applies only to CGAPG

elements)

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in physical
distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See comment 5.

Field Contents
Non-zero value activates respective friction model based on Elastic

Slip Distance.
Zero value or blank activates friction model based on prescribed
transverse stiffness KT.
Comments
1. The gap element coordinate system is presented in the following figure. See the CGAP or
CGAPG entry for a more detailed description.
The C GAP or C GAPG Element C oordinate System
2. With the optional value AUTO, the initial gap opening U0 is calculated automatically,
based on the distance between nodes GA and GB (in the original, undeformed mesh). For
gap elements with prescribed coordinate systems, this becomes a projection of vector
GA->GB onto the prescribed axis on the gap element (axis 1 of the coordinate system).
3. The gap element force-displacement behavior is different in linear and nonlinear analysis
(see Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis for more information on nonlinear solutions). In linear
analysis, the gap stiffness is constant and depends on the initial gap opening U0 (as
shown in the figure below).

C GAP or C GAPG Element Force Deflection C urve for Linear Analysis
The gap force displacement behavior in nonlinear analysis is illustrated in the figure below.
While the gap is open, its normal stiffness is defined by KB. When the gap relative
displacement UA - UB becomes equal to the initial opening U0, first contact occurs. The
gap stiffness becomes KA upon contact.
C GAP or C GAPG Element Force Deflection C urve for Nonlinear Analysis
4. When the gap is open, there is no transverse stiffness. When the gap is closed, friction
is activated and the gap has stiffness KT in the transverse direction (see 5 below for
alternative version). KT acts as a linear spring in linear solution sequences. For nonlinear
solution sequences, frictional force increases with sliding distance in proportion to KT until
it reaches static friction force MU1 * Fx, Fx being the normal force in the gap element.
With further transverse deformation, friction becomes kinetic and the friction force is MU2
* Fx. See the figure below for a one-dimensional illustration.

C GAP or C GAPG Element Frictional Behavior in Nonlinear Analysis
5. In addition to the above formulation, in Release 12.0 an additional model of friction has
been introduced, based on Elastic Slip Distance and activated by presence of non-zero
FRICESL. This model typically has better performance in solution of frictional problems
C omparison of the two available friction models for gap elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simpler and only requires prescribing
coefficient of friction MU1 and MU2 (while KT can be determined automatically).
However, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends upon normal force. Using
fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for different normal forces,
and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip, depending on normal
force.

require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL (for gap elements, there is no
automatic determination of FRICESL – a recommended value is about 0.5% of typical
element size in the neighborhood of the gap element).
6. Note that the nonlinear gap element's force-displacement behavior may produce negative
contributions to the compliance of the structure. For example, if KB > 0 and initial gap
opening U0 > 0, then the gap is essentially "preloaded" with an attractive force KB*U0. As
such a gap closes, the work done (and, hence, the gap's contribution to compliance) is
negative. Such very small negative contributions may even be produced if the KB field is
blank or zero – this is due to the default non-zero value of KB applied in such cases. In
most situations, such small negative contributions get overridden by the overall positive
compliance of the entire structure. However, in some cases they may lead to negative
total compliance.
7. Reasonable gap stiffness: the gap stiffness values KA and KT essentially represent penalty
springs that are hard enough to prevent perceptible penetration of contacting nodes.
While, theoretically, higher stiffness values enforce the contact conditions more precisely,
excessively high values may cause difficulties in convergence or poor conditioning of the
stiffness matrix (this is especially true for KT). If any such symptoms are observed, it may
be beneficial to reduce the value of gap stiffness. A reasonable range of gap stiffness is
of the order of:
(103 to 106 ) * E * h
where, E is the typical value of elastic modulus and h is the typical element size in the
area surrounding the gap elements. Such a range will generally keep the gap penetration
below one thousandth / one millionth of the element size, respectively. A good value for
KT is of the order of 0.1*KA.
To facilitate reasonable values of KA and KT, automatic calculation of these parameters is

supported, specifically:
Option KA=AUTO determines the value of KA for each gap element using the stiffness
of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create respectively softer
or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence difficulties and HARD
can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
Option KT=AUTO automatically calculates the value of KT. If MU1>0, the result here is
the same as with blank KT -- its value is calculated as MU1*KA. However, if MU1=0 or
blank, KT=AUTO produces a non-zero value of KT, calculated as KT=0.1*KA.
Therefore, KT=AUTO can be used to prescribe enforced stick conditions (see below).
8. Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted as an enforced stick condition. (This can also be
accomplished by prescribing KT>0 or KT=AUTO with MU1=0 or blank). Such gap elements
will not enter the sliding phase. Of course, the enforced stick only applies to gaps that
are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce stick condition on gaps of non-zero
length,frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 10).
9. Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion of the gap – the gap opening
remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is zero. Also, rotations at GA
node are matched to the rotations of GB or the obstacle patch B. The FREEZE conditions
applies no matter whether the gap is open or closed (hence, U0 is of no relevance in this
case). The prescribed values of KB and KT are ignored. The value of KA is respected,

although it is recommended that it is set to AUTO or HARD, to assure good connection.
Also, this condition is effective irrespective of the frictional offset setting.
10. The presence of friction or stick can introduce moment loadings and counter-intuitive
results into the problem by way of frictional offset. The reason is that for gap elements
with non-zero length (distance between GA and GB), the actual location of the contact
interface is presumed to be in the middle of the gap length (see figure below).
C GAP or C GAPG Presumed C ontact Surface
The frictional forces act along this contact surface. Transferring these forces to the grid
points GA and GB requires an offset operation that produces both forces and moments at
the gap grid points. Similarly, the sliding distance at the gap interface is a result of nodal
displacements and rotations at GA and GB (see figure below).
C GAP or C GAPG Sliding with Friction
For contact between bodies that do not support moments (solid elements, for example),
this offset may render friction ineffective because the free rotations at gap nodes offer
no effective resistance to friction. With the stick condition formally satisfied, for
example, nodes GA and GB can move relative to each other (see figure below).

C GAP or C GAPG Stick (Zero Sliding Distance)
In practice, for gaps that are initially open, AUTOSPC will effectively fix respective
unsupported rotations. However, for gap elements that are initially closed (U0 < 0 or
U0=AUTO with CID=FLIP), the frictional terms will prevent AUTOSPC from being effective.
Hence, respective SPC on rotations need to be applied manually. (Note that this only
applies to "individual" gap end nodes GA and GB and is not needed for elements or patches
of nodes on the obstacle side of GAPG elements).
Effective in the Release 12.0, to avoid such counter-intuitive behavior, the frictional
offset operation is by default turned off if the model involves friction or stick and contains
at least one nonlinear subcase (of NLSTAT type). (Note that for consistency, this affects
both linear and nonlinear gap elements.) This produces more intuitive results with friction.
However, it may violate the rigid body balance of the body.
For linear gap analysis and for FREEZE condition, the offset operation is applied by default
(this produces correct rigid body balance, especially in natural frequency analysis).
The above default setting can be changed via the GAPOFFS command on the GAPPRM
card.
11. The GPAD option allows you to account for additional layers on the surface on obstacles
A and B, such as shell thickness or coatings on the surface of solids. Positive value
substracts from the gap opening U0, when calculated using AUTO option (GPAD is only
allowed when U0 is set to AUTO).
The GPAD option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides of the
gap (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or composite offset Z0).
The THICK option applies only to CGAPG elements and is ignored for CGAP.

PGAPHT
Bulk Data Entry
PGAPHT – Gap Element Heat Transfer Conduction Property for Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
Defines heat transfer conduction properties of the gap (CGAP or CGAPG) elements for heat
transfer analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGAPHT PID KAHT KBHT TC ID
Examples
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGAPHT 2 1E6
Contact with automatic determination of KAHT:
PGAPHT 2 AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe clearance based contact conduction (see comments 2
and 3):
PGAPHT 2 10
Field Contents
KAHT Total conduction for the closed gap. See comment 2.

Field Contents
No default (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
KBHT Total conduction for the open gap. See comment 2.
Default = 10-14 * KAHT (Real > 0.0) This default is also set when KBHT=0.
TCID Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies total gap
conduction based on gap clearance. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
Comments
1. PGAPHT provides heat transfer conductivity for CGAP/CGAPG element. PGAPHT must
match PID with an existing PGAP.
2. KAHT and KBHT represent total gap conduction values for closed and open gaps.
Theoretically, while higher conduction values enforce a perfect conductor, excessively
high values may cause poor conditioning of the conductivity matrix. If any such
symptoms are observed, it may be beneficial to reduce the value of gap conduction, or
use conduction based contact clearance and pressure.
To facilitate reasonable values of KAHT, automatic calculation is supported, specifically:
Option KAHT=AUTO determines the value of KAHT for each gap element using the
conduction of surrounding elements.
3. TCID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies total conduction based on gap clearance.
TCID overrides KBHT. TCID is ignored for linear CGAP/CGAPG elements.
4. Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact/gap

PGASK
Bulk Data Entry
PGASK – Gasket Element Property Definition
Description
Defining the properties for solid gasket elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGASK PID MIDG MID1 C ORDM H0 GAP VOID LEAKP
STABMT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PGASK 1 2 1 1 0.5
Field Contents
PID Unique gasket element property identification number.
MIDG A MGASK entry identification number that defines thickness-direction and

transverse shear behaviors of the gasket.
MID1 A MAT1 entry identification number that defines membrane properties and
mass density of the gasket.
Blank means zero membrane stiffness, zero membrane thermal expansion

coefficient, and zero mass density.

Field Contents
CORDM Material coordinate system identification number. See comment 3.
-1 means the element local coordinate system, while 0 means the basic
coordinate system.
Default = -1 (Integer > -1)
H0 Prescribed initial thickness of the gasket. See comment 4.
0.0 or blank means using initial thickness of the gasket element.
GAP Initial open gap of the gasket. See comment 5.
VOID Initial void of the gasket. See comment 5.
LEAKP Leakage pressure. See comment 6.
STABMT Membrane and transverse shear stabilization flag.
0 - no stabilization.
1 - a stabilization stiffness is used if membrane or transverse shear stiffness

is zero.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0 or 1)
Comments
1. All gasket element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
2. PGASK refers to two material entries, MGASK and MAT1. MGASK defines the thickness-
direction and transverse shear behaviors of the gasket material, and MAT1 defines the
membrane behavior of the gasket material.
The thickness-direction stiffness is defined with the unit of stress per unit displacement
(the pressure—closure distance relationship for the thickness compression), the
transverse shear stiffness is defined with either the unit of stress per unit displacement
or the unit of force per unit area, and the membrane stiffness is defined with the unit of
force per unit area (the stress—strain relationship).

3. The gasket material coordinate system can be defined as the element local coordinate
system (CORDM = -1) or a prescribed system (CORDM = Integer > 0). The material local
3-direction is taken as the gasket thickness direction, and the material local 1-direction
and 2-direction are taken as the gasket membrane principle directions. If the angle
between the prescribed thickness direction (the material local 3-direction) and the default
one (the element local 3-direction) is larger than 20 degrees, a warning will be provided.
4. The initial thickness includes initial open gap and initial void of the gasket.
5. The total closure of a gasket element consists of the mechanical closure and the thermal
closure, that is:
Ctotal = Cmech + Cthermal
The thermal closure, Cthermal, is calculated as:
Cthermal = ALPHA * (Tref - T) * (H0 - GAP - VOID)
The effective closure, C, which is used to determine pressure with the loading/unloading
of tables defined in the MGASK card, is calculated as:
C = Cmech – GAP
If there is no initial open gap (GAP=0), C and Cmech are identical.
6. The sealing status of gasket is detected with the leakage pressure. If the gasket pressure
is larger than the leakage pressure, it is detected to be sealed – the output status index
value is 1; otherwise, it is leaking – the output status index value is 0.
7. For gasket in contact, STABMT is recommended to be 1, if its membrane or transverse

shear stiffness is zero.
8. The continuation entry is optional.

PHFSHL
Bulk Data Entry
PHFSHL – Shell Element Property for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the thickness, material, blank holder, binder and Forming Limit Curve references for a
shell property in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PHFSHL PID MID T BHID FLDID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PHFSHL 1 1 0.01 6 2
Field Contents
PID Unique shell element property identification number.
MID Material identification number of a MATHF entry.
T Thickness
BHID Blank holder ID referring to a BLKHDF entry.
FLDID User-defined Forming Limit Curve ID referring to FLDATA entry.

Comments
2. All shell element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
3. PHFSHL is referenced by CTRIA3 and CQUAD4 entries.

PLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD – Static Pressure Load
Description
Defines a static pressure load on a triangular or quadrilateral element. It can also be used to
define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and
TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD SID P G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD 1 -4.0 16 32 11 0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
P Pressure.
G1,...G4 Grid point identification numbers.
(Integer > 0; G4 may be 0)
Comments
1. The grid points define either a triangular or a quadrilateral element to which a pressure is
applied. If G4 is zero or blank, the element is triangular.

In the case of a triangular element, the assumed direction of the pressure is computed
according to the right-hand rule using the sequence of grid points G1, G2, and G3.
2. The total load on the element, AP, is divided into three equal parts and applied to the grid
points as concentrated loads. A minus sign in field 3 reverses the direction of the load.
3. In the case of a quadrilateral element, the grid points G1, G2, G3, and G4 should form a
consecutive sequence around the perimeter. The right-hand rule is applied to find the
assumed direction of the pressure.
4. This card is represented as a pressure load in HyperMesh.

PLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD1 – Applied Load on CBAR or CBEAM Elements
Description
Defines concentrated, uniformly distributed, or linearly distributed applied loads to the CBAR or
CBEAM elements at user-chosen points along the axis. It can also be used to define the
EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk
data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD1 SID EID TYPE SC ALE X1 P1 X2 P2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD1 25 1065 MY FRPR 0.2 2.5E3 0.8 3.5E3
Field Contents
EID CBAR or CBEAM element identification number.
TYPE Load type. See comment 5.
No default (FX, FY, FZ, FXE, FYE, FZE, MX, MY, MZ, MXE, MYE or MZE)
SCALE Determines scale factor for X1, X2. See comments 6, 7, 8 and 9.
No default (LE, FR, LEPR or FRPR)

Field Contents
X1, X2 Distances along the CBAR or CBEAM element axis from end A.
For X1: No default; For X2: Default = blank (Real, 0 < X1 < X2)
P1, P2 Load factors at positions X1, X2.
Comments
1. In the static solution sequences, the load set ID (SID) is selected by the LOAD command
in the Subcase Information section.
2.
positions X1 and X2, having an intensity per unit length of bar equal to P1 at X1 and
equal to P2 at X2, except as noted in comments 8 and 9.
3. If X2 is blank or equal to X1, a concentrated load of value P1 will be applied at position

X1.
4.
will be applied between positions X1 and X2, except as noted in comments 8 and 9.
5. Load TYPE is used as follows to define loads:
"FX", "FY" or "FZ": Force in the x, y, or z direction of the basic coordinate system.
"MX", "MY" or "MZ": Moment in the x, y, or z direction of the basic coordinate system.
"FXE", "FYE" or "FZE": Force in the x, y, or z direction of the element’s coordinate system.
"MXE", "MYE" or "MZE": Moment in the x, y, or z direction of the element’s coordinate

system.
6. If SCALE = "LE" (length), the xi values are actual distances along the element axis, and, if
7. If SCALE = "FR" (fractional), the xi values are ratios of the distance along the axis to the
8. If SCALE = "LEPR" (length projected), the xi values are actual distances along the element
element.

PLOAD1 C onvention on Beam or Bar Elements
If SCALE = "LE", the total load applied to the bar is P1 (X2 – X1) in the y-basic direction.
If SCALE = "LEPR", the total load applied to the bar is P1 (X2 – X1) cosα in the y-basic
direction.
9. If SCALE = "FRPR" (fractional projected), the Xi values are ratios of the actual distance to
in terms of the projected length of the bar.
10. Element identification numbers for CBAR and CBEAM entries must be unique.
11. Loads on CBEAM elements defined with PLOAD1 entries are applied along the line of the
shear centers.
12. If on the TYPE field of the PLOAD1 entry, the element coordinate system direction (for
example, TYPE = FYE) option is selected, then the projection (SCALE=FRPR or LEPR)
option is ignored and the result is the same as the SCALE=FR (or LE) option.

PLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD2 – Pressure Load on a Two-Dimensional Structural Element
Description
Defines a uniform static pressure load applied to two-dimensional elements. Only QUAD4 or
TRIA3 elements may have a pressure load applied to them via this entry. It can also be used
to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1
and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD2 SID P EID EID EID EID EID EID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD2 21 -3.6 4 16 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD2 SID P EID1 “THRU” EID2 blank blank blank
PLOAD2 1 30.4 16 THRU 48
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
P Pressure value.
EID, EID1, EID2 Element identification number.
(Integer > 0; EID1<EID2)
Comments
1. EID must be 0 or blank for omitted entries.
2. At least one positive EID must be present on each PLOAD2 entry.
3. If the alternate form is used, all elements EID1 through EID2 must be two-dimensional.
4. The direction of the pressure is computed according to the right-hand rule using the grid
point sequence specified on the element entry. Refer to the PLOAD entry.
5. All elements referenced must exist.
6. Continuations are not allowed.

PLOAD4
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD4 – Pressure Loads on Face of Structural Elements
Description
Defines a load on a face of a HEXA, PENTA, TETRA, PYRA, TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, or QUAD8
element. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD4 SID EID P1 P2 P3 P4 G1 G3 or

G4
C ID N1 N2 N3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD4 2 1106 10.0 8.0 5.0 1.0 1 48
6 0.0 1.0 0.0
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOAD4 SID EID1 P1 P2 P3 P4 “THRU” EID2
C ID N1 N2 N3
PLOAD4 2 1106 10.0 8.0 5.0 THRU 1143
6 0.0 1.0 0.0

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
EID1, EID2 Element identification number.
(Integer > 0, EID1 < EID2)
P1, P2, P3, P4 Load per unit surface area (pressure) at the corners of the face of the
element (real or blank). (P1 is the default for P2, P3, and P4).
G1 Identification number of a grid point connected to a corner of the face.

Required data for solid elements only (Integer or blank). For PYRA
elements, this grid must be on an edge of the quadrilateral face.
G3 Identification number of a grid point connected to a corner diagonally

opposite to G1 on the same face of a HEXA or PENTA element. Required
data for quadrilateral faces of HEXA and PENTA elements only (Integer or
blank). G3 must be omitted for a triangular surface on a PENTA element
and the quadrilateral face on a PYRA element. For triangular faces of
PYRA elements, this grid must be on the edge next to the quadrilateral
face. G1 and G3 must define a positive direction into the element using
the right hand rule.
G4 Identification number of the TETRA grid point located at the corner not
on the face being loaded. This is required data and is used for TETRA
elements only.
(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3 Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID

(Real). Used to define the direction (but not the magnitude) of the load
intensity. See comment 10.
Comments
1. The continuation is optional. If fields 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the continuation are blank, the
load is assumed to be a pressure acting normal to the face. If these fields are not blank,
the load acts in the direction defined in these fields. Note that, if CID is a curvilinear
coordinate system, the direction of load may vary over the surface of the element. The
load intensity is the load per unit of surface area, not the load per unit of area normal to

the direction of loading.
2. For solid elements the direction of positive pressure (defaulted continuation card) is
inward. The load intensity P1 acts at grid point G1 and load intensities P2, P3 (and P4)
act at the other corners in a sequence determined by applying the right hand rule to the
outward normal.
3. For plate elements the direction of positive pressure (defaulted continuation) is in the
direction of positive normal, determined by applying the right hand rule to the sequence of
connected grid points. The load intensities PI, P2, P3 (and P4) act respectively at corner
points G1, G2, G3 (and G4). (See plate connection).
4. If P2, P3 (and P4) are blank fields, the load intensity is uniform and equal to P1. P4 has
no meaning for a triangular face and may be left blank in this case.
5. Equivalent grid point loads are computed by linear (or bilinear) interpolation of load
intensity, followed by numerical integration using isoperimetric shape functions. Note that
uniform load intensity does not necessarily result in equal equivalent grid point loads.
6. G1 and G3 are ignored for TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, and QUAD8 elements.
7. The alternate form is available only for TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, and QUAD8 elements. The
continuation card may be used in the alternate form.
8. For triangular faces of PENTA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid

point that is on the face being loaded and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For faces of
TETRA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid point that is on the face
being loaded and G4 is an identification number of the corner grid point that is not on the
face being loaded. Since a TETRA has only four corner points, this point, G4, is unique
and different for each of the four faces of a TETRA element.
9. For the quadrilateral face of the PYRA element, G1 is an identification number of a corner
grid point on the face and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For the triangular faces, G1 and
G3 must specify the grids on the edge of the face that borders the quadrilateral face and
the grids must be ordered so that they define an inward normal using the right hand rule.
10. N1, N2, and N3 are not supported in NLGEOM subcases.

PLOADX1
Bulk Data Entry
PLOADX1 – Static Pressure Load on Axisymmetric Element
Description
Defines a static surface traction on the CTAXI and CTRIAX6 axisymmetric elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOADX1 SID EID PA PB GA GB Theta
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOADX1 3 20 10.5 12.5 11 13 15.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
PA Surface traction at grid point GA.
No default (Real)
PB Surface traction at grid point GB.
Default = PA (Real or blank)
GA, GB Identification numbers of two adjacent corner grid points on the element
side.

Field Contents
Theta Angle between surface traction and inward normal to the line segment.
Comments
1. The surface traction is assumed to vary linearly along the element side between GA and
GB.
2. The surface traction is input as force per unit area.
3. “Theta” is measured counter-clockwise from the inward normal of the straight line
between GA and GB, to the vector of the applied load, as shown in the figure below.
Positive pressure is in the direction of inward normal to the line segment.
Pressure Load on C TRAX6 and C TAXI Elements

PLOTEL
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL – Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a one-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL EID G1 G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL 29 35 16
Field Contents
Comments
1. This element is not used in the model during any of the solution phases of a problem. It is
used to simplify the plotting of structures with large numbers of collinear grid points,
where the plotting of each grid point along with the elements connecting them would
result in a confusing plot.
3. Only one PLOTEL element may be defined on a single entry.
4. This card is represented as a plot element in HyperMesh.

PLOTEL3
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL3 – Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a three-noded, two-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL3 EID G1 G2 G3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL3 29 35 16 22
Field Contents
G1, G2, G3 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
Comments
used to simplify the plotting of large structures.

PLOTEL4
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL4 – Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a four-noded, two-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL4 EID G1 G2 G3 G4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLOTEL4 29 35 16 22 23
Field Contents
G1, G2, G3, G4 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.
Comments
used to simplify the plotting of large structures.

PLSOLID
Bulk Data Entry
PLSOLID – Nonlinear Hyperelastic Solid Element Property
Description
The PLSOLID bulk data entry defines the properties of nonlinear hyperelastic solid elements,
referenced by CHEXA, CPENTA, and CTETRA bulk data entries. The MATHE hyperelastic
material can be referenced to define corresponding material properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLSOLID PID MID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLSOLID
Field Contents
PEID Unique solid element property identification number.
MID Identification number of a MATHE bulk data entry.
Comments
1. All solid element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
2. The PLSOLID bulk data entry can be referenced by a CHEXA, CPENTA or CTETRA bulk
data entry.

PLY
Bulk Data Entry
PLY – Ply Information for Ply-based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the properties of a ply used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLY ID MID T THETA SOUT TMANUF DID
ESID1 ESID2 ESID3 ESID4 ESID5 ESID6 ESID7 ESID8
ESID9 …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PLY 1 2 0.1 45 YES 0.01
Field Contents
ID Unique ply identification number.
MID Material identification number. Must refer to a MAT1, MAT2 or MAT8 bulk data
entry.
T Ply thickness.

Field Contents
THETA Ply orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction relative to the x-
axis of the material coordinate system associated with a given element. If no
material coordinate system is prescribed for the element, the angle is measured
relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUT Stress, Strain, and Failure Index output request. See comments 2 and 3.
TMANUF Thickness of one manufacturable ply. See comment 4.
DID Draping identification number. Must refer to a DRAPE bulk data entry.
ESID# Element SET identification numbers. Lists the elements for which this PLY card
is defined. No continuation line indicates that all elements should be included.
Comments
1. The PLY card is used in combination with the PCOMPP and STACK cards to create
2. Stress, Strain and Failure Index output for the PLY is activated by setting SOUT to YES.
In addition, the I/O Options CSTRESS (controlling Stress and Failure Index output) and/or
CSTRAIN (controlling Strain output) must be defined. Failure Index output also requires
that the FT and SB fields be defined on the corresponding PCOMPP card, and that stress/
strain allowables on the referenced materials are defined.
element," which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUT set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.
4. TMANUF defines the thickness of one manufacturable ply. This parameter is used during
sizing optimization to automatically create discrete design variables such that the
thickness of the ply bundle is equal to a multiple of TMANUF.
5. This card is represented as a ply in HyperMesh.

PMASS
Bulk Data Entry
PMASS – Scalar Mass Property
Description
Defines the mass value of a scalar mass element (CMASS1 or CMASS3 entry).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PMASS PID1 M1 PID2 M2 PID3 M3 PID4 M4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PMASS 7 4.29 6 13.2
Field Contents
PIDi Property identification number.
(Integer > 0)
Mi Value of scalar mass.
(Real)
Comments
1. Mass values are defined directly on the CMASS2 entry, and therefore do not require a
PMASS entry.
2. Up to four mass values may be defined by this entry.

PRBODY
Bulk Data Entry
PRBODY – Rigid Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a rigid body out of a list of finite element properties, elements and grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRBODY BID BODY_NAME
ID8 …
TYPE2 ID1 ID2 …
TYPE# …
MASS M
INERTIA IXX IYY IZZ IXY IXZ IYZ C ID
C OG X,G Y Z
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRBODY 3 ARM1
PSHELL 23 21

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PBEAM 9 59 48
C ONM2 2345
GRID 400 401 402
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRBODY 4 LEVER
PBAR 10 11 13 15 22 99 88
44
MASS 100.0
INERTIA 120.0 130.0 123.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
C OG 29
Field Contents
BODY_NAME Unique body name. This body name for this PRBODY.
Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID> (Character string)
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3,

Field Contents
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PCOMPP,

PCOMPG, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID,
PVISC, PWELD, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD,
GRID)
MASS Flag to overwrite the finite element mass of the body. Indicates that
a mass value is to follow.
M Mass.
(Real > 0.0)
INERTIA Flag to overwrite the finite element inertia of the body. Indicates
that the inertia properties are to follow.
IXX,IYY,IZZ, Moments of inertia.

IXY,IXZ,IYZ
(For IXX, IYY, IZZ Real > 0.0; For IXY, IXZ, IYZ Real)
CID Coordinate system identification number to define the orientation of

the inertia tensor.
COG Flag to overwrite the finite element center of gravity of the body.
Indicates that the center of gravity is to follow.
X, Y, Z Location of the center of gravity.
(Real)
G Grid point identification number to optionally supply X, Y, and Z.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3 or RROD

3. A property definition; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR or RROD element or grid
point can only belong to one rigid or flexible body.
4. All property definitions, elements and grid points defined on a PRBODY bulk data entry
form one rigid body. The mass and inertia properties are defined by the finite element and
mass properties unless they are overwritten by the mass and inertia properties given on
the continuation lines.
5. The mass, inertia and center of gravity input is optional if element/property information is
provided in the PRBODY definition.
6. If one of MASS, INERTIA or COG continuations is provided, all three continuations must be
provided.
8. MASS must be positive non-zero values.
9. If just the principal inertia is specified, IXX, IYY, and IZZ must be positive non-zero
values and they must satisfy the condition: the sum of two inertia values must be greater
than the third (IXX + IYY > IZZ, IYY+IZZ > IXX, IZZ+IXX > IYY).

PRETENS
Bulk Data Entry
PRETENS – 1D or 3D Bolt Pretension Section
Description
Defines 1D or 3D pretensioned bolt section.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRETENS SID EID SURFID NTYP G1/X1/ G2 / X2 G3 / X3 SPNTID

C ID
Examples
1D pretensioned bolt:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRETENS 2 5
3D pretensioned bolt:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRETENS 3 4
Field Contents
SID Unique section identification number.
EID Element identification number of a bar, beam or rod element for defining
1D pretensioned bolt.
(Integer > 0 for 1D pretensioned bolt, or blank for 3D pretensioned bolt)

Field Contents
SURFID Identifier of SURF card which defines cutting section of 3D pretensioned

bolt.
(Integer > 0 for 3D pretensioned bolt, or blank for 1D pretensioned bolt)
See comment 2.
NTYP Type of determination of normal to the pretension section. See

comment 3.
AUTO – automatic determination based on the configuration of the

pretension section.
GRIDS – use G1, G2, G3 to define the plane of pretension – normal to

this plane defines the pretension direction.
VECTOR – use the vector X1, X2, X3 to define pretension direction.
CID – use prescribed coordinate system.
Default = blank = AUTO (AUTO, GRIDS, VECTOR, or CID).
G1, G2, G3 Three grid identifiers that define the plane where its normal is the
direction of the bolt.
Default = blank (Integer > 0). When prescribed, all three nodes must
be prescribed.
X1, X2, X3 Coordinates, in basic system, of the vector that defines direction of
pretension.
Default = blank (Real). The length of the vector must be non-zero.
CID Identifier of a coordinate system that defines direction of pretension.
For rectangular system, the local x-axis defines the pretension

direction;
For cylindrical and spherical systems, the local z-axis defines the
pretension direction.
Default = blank (Integer > 0).
SPNTID SPOINT that defines the DOF containing the pretension deformation and
load.
Default is not to output the pretension deformation in results files.
Comments
1. Each 1D pretension section defines only one element.

2. A surface defined by SURFID should be constructed by solid elements on the same side of
the surface.
3. The default direction of pretension is defined automatically from the configuration of the
pretension section.
For 1D elements, it is along the axis of the respective 1D element.

For 3D pretension, it is defined as the average normal to the respective SURFace
(average of respective element normals).

PRETPRM
Bulk Data Entry
PRETPRM – Parameters for 1D and 3D bolt pretensioning
Description
Defines parameters that control initial loading conditions on pretension sections for 1D and 3D
bolt pretensioning. These parameters also control the printing of diagnostic information about
pretension sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRETPRM PARAM1 VAL1 PARAM2 VAL2 - etc -
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PRETPRM INILOAD ZEROF PRTSW YES
Field Contents
PARM# Name of the parameter
VAL# Value of the parameter
INILOAD Defines the handling of initial loading conditions "ZEROF” or “ZEROA”

on pretension sections that have been defined, Default = “ZEROF”
but not yet explicitly loaded via PRETENSION
command.

PRTSW Switch for printing diagnostic information about <YES, NO>

pretension sections. Default = NO

PRETPRM, INILOAD
INILOAD "ZEROF” or “ZEROA” Defines the handling of initial loading conditions

on pretension sections that have been defined,
Default = “ZEROF” but not yet explicitly loaded via PRETENSION
command.
If “ZEROF”, in a pretensioning subcase, for any

pretension section without pretension load, zero
force will be applied. This is equivalent to
prescribing zero PTFORCE.
If “ZEROA”, zero relative deformation is

enforced on the pretension section defined
above. This is equivalent to prescribing zero
PTADJST.

PRETPRM, PRTSW
PRTSW <YES, NO> Switch for printing diagnostic information about

pretension sections.
Default = NO
If NO, diagnostic information will not be printed.
If YES, diagnostic information will be printed to

the .out file.

PROD
Bulk Data Entry
PROD – Rod Property
Description
Defines the properties of a rod, which is referenced by the CROD entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PROD PID MID A J C NSM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PROD 17 23 42.6 0.5
Field Contents
PID Unique rod property identification number.
A Area of rod.
No default (Real)
No default (Real)

Field Contents
C Coefficient to determine torsional stress.
No default (Real)
Comments
2. All rod property entries must have unique property identification numbers.
3. Torsional stress is calculated as follows:
CM
J
Where,
M
is the torsional moment
C is the coefficient specified in field C

J is the torsional constant specified in field J

PSEAM
Bulk Data Entry
PSEAM – CSEAM Element Property
Description
Define properties of connector (CSEAM) elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSEAM PID MID TYPE W T
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSEAM 30 2 LINE 0.8
Field Contents
MID Material identification number of a MAT1 or MAT9 entry. See comment 1.
TYPE Type of seam weld generated.
Default = LINE (Character)
W Width of the seam weld. See comment 2.

Field Contents
T Thickness of the seam weld. See comment 3.
Comments
1. Material MID is used to calculate the stiffness of the connector (the fictitious CHEXA).
MID can only refer to the MAT1 or MAT9 bulk data entry.
2. The distance between GS and GE is the length of the element. The width of the seam
weld is measured perpendicular to the length and lies in the plane of Shell A or B. See
figure below.
3. If the entry of T is left blank, the thickness of this seam weld will be calculated as the
averaged thickness of Shell A and B.

PSEC
Bulk Data Entry
PSEC – Section Property Definition
Description
Defines property information for planar section elements used in the definition of arbitrary
beam cross-sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSEC PID MID T
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSEC 5 100 0.1
Field Contents
MID Identification number of a material definition.
T Thickness.
Comments
1. All property identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect
to all other property identification numbers within the same section definition.


PSHEAR
Bulk Data Entry
PSHEAR – Shear Panel Property
Description
Defines the properties of a shear panel.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHEAR PID MID T NSM F1 F2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHEAR 21 2 .001
Field Contents
PID Unique shear property identification number.
(Integer > 0)
MID Material identification number of a MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T Thickness of shear panel.
(Real)

Field Contents
F1 Effectiveness factor for extensional stiffness along edges 1-2 and 3-4. See
comment 2.
F2 Effectiveness factor for extensional stiffness along edges 2-3 and 1-4. See
comment 2.
Comments
1. The effective extensional area is defined by means of equivalent rods on the perimeter of
the element. If F1 < 1.01, the areas of the rods on edges 1-2 and 3-4 are set equal to
(F1 ×× T ×× PA)/(L12 + L34), where PA is the panel surface areas - half the vector
cross product area of the diagonals - and L12 and L34 are the lengths of sides 1-2 and 3-
4. Thus, if F1 = 1.0, the panel is fully effective for extension in the 1-2 direction. If F1 >
1.01, the areas of the rods on edges 1-2 and 3-4 are each set equal to 0.5 ×× F1 ×× T.
Extensional Area for Shear Panel
Thus, if F1 = 30, the effective width of skin contributed by the panel to the flanges on
edges 1-2 and 3-4 is equal to 15T. The significance of F2 for edges 2-3 and 1-4 is
similar.
2. Poisson's ratio coupling for extensional effects is ignored.

PSHELL
Bulk Data Entry
PSHELL – Shell Element Property
Description
Defines the membrane, bending, transverse shear, and membrane-bending coupling of shell
elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHELL PID MID1 T MID2 12I/T3 MID3 TS/T NSM
Z1 Z2 MID4 T0 ZOFFS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHELL 203 204 1.90 205 1.2 206 0.8 6.32
+.95 -.95 0.1
Field Contents
PID Unique shell element property identification number.
(Integer > 0)
MID1 Material identification number for membrane. See comment 3.
(Integer > 0)
T Default value for the membrane thickness (Real > 0.0). If T0 is defined for
topology optimization, T is the total thickness.

Field Contents
MID2 Material identification number for bending. See comment 3.
(Integer > -1 or blank)
12I/T3 Bending stiffness parameter.
Default = 1.0 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MID3 Material identification number for transverse shear. See comment 3.
(Integer > 0 or blank, must be blank unless MID2 > 0)
TS/T Transverse shear thickness divided by the membrane thickness.
Default = .833333 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
(Real)
Z1,Z2 Fiber distances for stress computation. The positive direction is determined by
the right hand rule and the order in which the grid points are listed on the
connection entry.
(Real or blank, See comment 7 for defaults)
MID4 Material identification number for membrane-bending coupling.
(Integer > 0 or blank, must be blank unless MID1>0 and MID2>0, may not be
equal to MID1 or MID2). See comments 10 and 11.
T0 The base thickness of the elements in topology optimization. Only for MAT1,
T0 can be >0.0. If T0 is blank, then the elements are not included in the
topology design volume or space.
(Real > 0.0 or blank for MAT1, Real = 0.0 or blank for MAT2, MAT8)
ZOFFS Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell reference
plane.
Real or Character Input (Top/Bottom). See comment 15.
Comments
1. All shell element property entries must have unique identification numbers.

2. The structural mass is computed from the density using the membrane thickness and
membrane material properties.
3. MID1 cannot be left blank. The effect of leaving an MID2 or MID3 field blank is:
MID2 Pure membrane in plane stress – no bending, coupling, or transverse

(If left blank) shear stiffness. MID3 and MID4 must also be blank.
MID3 No transverse shear deformation is considered (this is actually

(If left blank) accomplished by enforcing very high transverse shear stiffness).
If MID2 = -1 Plane strain. In-plane stiffness only. No bending or transverse shear

stiffness. See comments 13 and 14.
4. The continuation is not required.
5. This entry is used in connection with the CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTRIA6, and CQUAD8 entries.
6. PSHELL entries may reference MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, and MAT8 material property
entries.
7. The default for Z1 is -T/2, and for Z2 it is +T/2. T is the local plate thickness, defined by
T on this entry. For free-sizing optimization, Z1 and Z2 definitions are ignored and the
defaults of –T/2 and +T/2 are used for each element.
8. If MID3 references a MAT2 material, then G33 on the MAT2 data must be blank.
9. If MID3 references a MAT8 material, then G1Z and G2Z must not be blank.
10. MID4 provides a way to represent shells with offset (shell element centerline being offset
from the plane of the grid points) or shells with material properties that are not symmetric
with respect to the middle surface of the shell. However, whenever possible, the
preferred method of representing such shells is through the use of element offset ZOFFS
or the composite property PCOMP. This is because MID4 does not provide sufficient
information about the shell structure to correctly calculate all respective results,
specifically:
The shell stresses calculated in the presence of MID4 are generally incorrect, as they
do not reflect the actual shell offset or the non-uniform material structure.
The effects of MID4 are not considered in the calculation of differential stiffness.
Hence, it is recommended that MID4 be left blank in buckling analysis.
11. If MID4 points to a MAT2 card with a material ID greater than 400,000,000, then the
thermal membrane-bending coefficients A1, A2, and A12 have a modified interpretation,
and represent [G]*[alpha] rather then [alpha]. Here, [G] is a matrix composed of G11,
G22,…G33. This is to maintain consistency with respective terms generated internally by
the PCOMP card.
12. Thermal expansion coefficients provided for materials referenced as MID2 or MID3 are
ignored in shell analysis - only the thermal expansion terms for materials referenced as
MID1 (membrane) and MID4 (coupling) are considered. Furthermore, the reference
temperature (TREF) for the shell property is taken from the material referenced as MID1 -
TREF's provided for other MID's are ignored.

13. Plane strain (MID2=-1) MID1 must reference a MAT1 entry.
14. In plane strain computations, in-plane loads are interpreted as line loads with a value
equal to the load, divided by the thickness. Thus, if a thickness of "1.0" is used, the
value of the line-load equals the load value. Pressure can be approximated with multiple
line loads where the pressure value equals the line-load, divided by the length between
the loads.
15. The shell reference plane can be offset from the plane defined by the element nodes by
Shell results, such as shell element forces, are output on the offset reference plane.
ZOFFS can be used in all types of analysis and optimization.
1. Real:
2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coplanar.
element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on the direction of the offset with
respect to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate system, as defined in the Real
section). See Figure 1.
Bottom:
coplanar.
element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on the direction of the offset with

respect to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate system, as defined in the Real
section). See Figure 2.
When ZOFFS is used, both MID1 and MID2 must be specified; otherwise singular matrices
would result.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and thus can be
load, shown in Figure (a). With offset though, the loss of stability is gradual and
asymptotically reaches a limit load, as shown below in Figure (b).
Thus, the structure with offset can reach excessive deformation before the limit load is

PSHELLX
Bulk Data Entry
PSHELLX – Optional SHELL Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional SHELL properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHELLX PID ISHELL ISH3N ISMSTR NIP HM HF HR
DM DN ITHIC K IPLAS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSHELL 73 7 1.0 7 7
PSHELLX 73 24 5
Field Contents
PID Property ID of the associated PSHELL. See comment 1.
ISHELL Flag for CQUAD4 element formulation.
1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and rigid

modes (Belytschko).
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist).

Field Contents
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality.
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for warped

elements).
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation.
24 - QEPH shell formulation.
ISH3N Flag for CTRIA3 element formulation.
1 - Standard triangle (C0).
2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation.
30 - DKT18.
31 - DKT_S3.
1 - Small strain from time = 0.
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation activation

by time step XSTEP, TYPEi = SHELL, TSCi = CST.
3 - Alternative small strain formulation from time = 0 (ISHELL =2 only).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect).
NIP Number of integration points through the thickness. NIP = 0 defines global
integration.
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (0 < Integer < 10)
HM Shell membrane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HM < 0.05)
HF Shell out of plane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (0.0 < Real < 0.05)

Field Contents
HR Shell rotation hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).
Default = 0.01 (0.0 < Real < 0.05)
DM Shell membrane damping (with MATX27 and MATX36 only).
DN Shell numerical damping (ISHELL = 12, 24, ISH3N = 30 only)
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (CONST or VAR)
CONST - Thickness is constant.
VAR - Thickness change is taken into account.
IPLAS Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (with MATX2, MATX27, and MATX36 only).
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (RAD or NEWT)
RAD - Radial return.
NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations.
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PSHELL bulk data entry.
Only one PSHELLX property extension can be associated with a particular PSHELL.
2. PSHELLX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4g 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced

4. If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, engineering strain and stress are
used; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
5. ISHELL = 2 is incompatible with NIP = 1.
6. Global integration (NIP = 0) is only compatible with MAT1, MATS1, MATX2, and MATX36.
7. For MAT1, membrane only behavior happens if NIP = 1. Otherwise, NIP is ignored and
global integration (NIP = 0) is used.
8. For ITHICK = VAR it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
9. If ITHICK = VAR or IPLAS = NEWT, the small strain option is automatically deactivated.
10. For MATX2, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = RAD.
11. For MATS1, MATX36 the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS =
NEWT.
12. Defaults for DM:
MATX27 except QEPH, QBAT except 12, 24 5%
QEPH 24 1.5%
QBAT 12 0%
MATX36 except QEPH except 24 0%
QEPH 24 1.5%
13. Defaults for DN:
Element type ISHELL/ISH3N Default Usage
QBAT 12 0.1% All stress terms, except transverse

shear.
QEPH 24 1.5% Hourglass stress.
DKT18 12/30 0.01% Membrane stress only.
14. This card is represented as an extension to a PSHELL property in HyperMesh.

PSLDX6
Bulk Data Entry
PSLDX6 – Optional SOLID Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional orthotropic SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSLDX6 PID ISOLID NIP ISMSTR IC PRE IFRAME DN QS
QB HV DTMIN C ID IP IORTH
Vx Vy Vz THETA
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSOLID 77 7
PSLDX6 77 24
Field Contents
PID Property ID of the associated PSOLID. See comment 1.
ISOLID Flag for solid elements formulation.
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer)
1 - Standard 8-node solid element, 1 integration point. Viscous

hourglass formulation with orthogonal and rigid deformation modes
compensation (Belytschko).

Field Contents
hourglass formulation without orthogonality (Hallquist).
12 - Standard 8-node solid, full integration (no hourglass).
14 - HA8 locking-free 8-node solid element, co-rotational, full

integration, variable number of Gauss points.
17 - H8C compatible solid full integration formulation.
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated (1

Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
NIP Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14 and 16 only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer = ijk)
2 < i, j, k < 9 for ISOLID =14
< 3, 2 < j < 9 for ISOLID =16
where:
i = Number of integration points in local x direction.

j = Number of integration points in local y direction.
k = Number of integration points in local z direction.
ISMSTR Flag for small strain formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 14, and 24 only).
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation activation

by time step.
3 - Simplified small strain formulation from time=0 (non-objective

formulation).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity. Time step limit has no effect.
10 - Lagrange type total strain.
ICPRE Flag for reduced pressure integration (ISOLID = 14 and 24 only).
Default = OFF (ON, OFF, or VAR)
VAR - Variable state between ICPRE = ON and ICPRE = OFF in

function of plasticity state.

Field Contents
IFRAME Flag for element coordinate system formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12,

and 17 only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (ON or OFF)
DN Numerical damping for stabilization (ISOLID =24 only).
QS Quadratic bulk viscosity.
QB Linear bulk viscosity.
HV Hourglass viscosity coefficient.
Default = 0.1 (0.0 < Real < 0.15)
DTMIN Minimum time step.
CID Coordinate system identification number to define orthotropic

directions.
(Integer > 0)
IP Reference plane.
0 - Use CID (CID must be different from 0)
1 - Plane (r,s) and angle THETA
2 - Plane (s,t) and angle THETA
3 - Plane (t,r) and angle THETA
11 - Plane (r,s) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,

Vy, and Vz) on plane (r,s)
12 - Plane (s,t) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,

Field Contents
Vy, and Vz) on plane (s,t)
13 - Plane (t,r) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,

Vy, and Vz) on plane (t,r)
IORTH Flag for orthotropic system formulation.
(Integer = 0, 1)
0 - The first axis of orthotropy is maintained at constant angle with

respect to the orthonormal co-rotational element coordinate system.
1 - The first orthotropy direction is constant with respect to a non-

orthonormal isoparametric coordinates.
Vx X component for reference vector.
(Real)
Vy Y component for reference vector.
(Real)
Vz Z component for reference vector.
(Real)
THETA Orientation angle in degrees of orthotropic with first reference plane

direction.
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PSOLID bulk data entry.
Only one PSLDX6 property extension can be associated with a particular PSOLID.
2. PSLDX6 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. PSLDX6 is only compatible with 8-node linear solid elements. Quadratic 20-node brick and
6-node pentahedron elements are not compatible, these element types should only be
used with PSOLIDX.
4. The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For elements with 4 and 10 nodes,
the number of integration points is fixed at 1 and 4, respectively.

5. For fully-integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
points; bulk behavior is under-integrated to avoid element locking. It is currently
compatible with material MAT1, MATS1, MATX33, and MATX36.
6. With the small strain option (ISMSTR), strain and stress is engineering strain and stress.
Otherwise, it is true strain and stress.
7. In time history and animation files, the stress tensor is written in the co-rotational frame.
8. Fully-integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only use full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
to ISMSTR = 4). Time step limit has no effect.
9. ISMSTR =10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
10. The time step control XSTEP, TYPEi = SOLID, TSCi = CST only works on elements with
ISMSTR =2.
11. Co-rotational formulation: For ISOLID = 1, 2, 12 and IFRAME = ON, the stress tensor is
computed in a co-rotational coordinate system. This formulation is more accurate if large
rotations are involved. It comes at the expense of higher computation cost. It is
recommended in case of elastic or visco-elastic problems with important shear
deformations. The co-rotational formulation is compatible with 8 node solids.
12. For HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid
formulation, co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for
example, combined with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to
ISOLID = 12. The HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws. Under-integration
for pressure should be used (ICPRE = ON in case of elastic or visco-elastic material; ICPRE
= VAR in case of elasto-plastic material).
13. For H8C (SOLID = 17) elements: Their brick deviatoric behavior is the same as ISOLID =
12, but the bulk behavior can be chosen with ICPRE, and is compatible with all solid type
material laws. ICPRE = VAR is the default value and ICPRE = OFF will not reduce pressure
integration.
14. For HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to
QEPH shell elements.
15. ICPRE = VAR is only available for elasto-plastic material law.
16. The hourglass formulation is viscous for ISOLID = 0, 1, and 2.
17. Hourglass viscosity coefficient, HV is not active with 8 point integration.

PSOLID
Bulk Data Entry
PSOLID – Solid Element Property
Description
Defines the properties of solid elements, referenced by CHEXA, CPENTA, CPYRA and CTETRA
bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSOLID PID MID C ORDM ISOP FC TN DS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSOLID 2 100 1
Field Contents
PID Unique solid element property identification number.
MID Identification number of a MAT1, MAT4, MAT5, MAT9, MAT10 or

MATPE1 bulk data entry.
CORDM MID of material coordinate system. The default is 0, which is the

Default = 0 (Integer > -1)
ISOP Special integration schemes for elasto-plastic nonlinear quasi-static

analysis. The values available are:

Field Contents
FULL – full integration, using the same integration schemes as for

linear applications.
MODPLAST – (default) uses special handling of pressure

approximation, designed to circumvent the volumetric locking due to
incompressibility of plastic flow. The specific details differ depending
on the type and order of the element.
REDPLAST – besides special handling for pressure approximation, uses

reduced integration for second-order hexa and penta, and for 8-
noded hexa elements (reduced integration is not practically viable in
other element types, since it would create extensive spurious
modes).
(Character: FULL, MODPLAST, REDPLAST or blank)
FCTN Fluid element flag.
SMECH indicates a structural element; PFLUID indicates a fluid

element. PORO indicates poro-elastic material.
Default = SMECH (SMECH, PFLUID or PORO)
DS Design switch. If non-zero, the elements associated with this PSOLID

data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Not valid for fluid elements.
Comments
1. All solid element property entries must have unique ID numbers.
2. Special integration flags MODPAST and REDPLAST affect only elasto-plastic materials (as
identified by presence of MATS1) in nonlinear quasi-static subcases. They do not affect
element behavior in linear analysis.
3. The FULL option in the ISOP field provides stable and convergent results, although it may
appear “stiff” and converge rather slowly in cases of significant plastic deformation.
MODPLAST uses special handling for volumetric pressure term, in effect providing good
resolution of plastic flow while avoiding excessive flexibility that would lead to spurious
modes. REDPLAST adds further release of locking tendencies and usually the “softest”
behavior. It may, theoretically, exhibit spurious deformation modes in single unattached
elements, although in practice these modes should vanish in fields of many elements.

4. If FCTN = 'PFLUID', then the MID must reference a MAT10 entry. If FCTM=PORO, then
MID must reference a poro-elastic material entry.
5. Stresses are calculated in the material coordinate system. The material coordinate
system may be defined as the basic coordinate system (CORDM = 0), a defined system
(CORDM = Integer > 0), or the element coordinate system (CORDM = -1). Refer to the
CHEXA, CPENTA, CPYRA and CTETRA pages of the Reference Guide for details on how the
material coordinate system is defined for each element.
6. If the material referenced by MID is a MAT9 material definition, then CORDM defines the
material coordinate system for Gij on the MAT9 entry.

PSOLIDX
Bulk Data Entry
PSOLID – Optional SOLID Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSOLIDX PID ISOLID NIP ISMSTR IC PRE IFRAME DN QS
QB HV DTMIN LAMBDAV MUV IHKT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PSOLID 77 7
PSOLIDX 77 24
Field Contents
PID Property ID of the associated PSOLID. See comment 1.


Field Contents

16 - Quadratic 20-node solid, full integration, variable number of

Gauss points.
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated (1

Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
NIP Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14, 16 only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer = ijk)
2 < i, j, k < 9 for ISOLID =14
< 3, 2 < j < 9 for ISOLID =16
where:

2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation activation

by time step.

formulation).
ICPRE Flag for reduced pressure integration (ISOLID = 14, 17, and 24 only).
Default = OFF for ISOLID = 14, 24, ON for ISOLID = 17 (ON, OFF, or
VAR)

Field Contents
VAR - Variable state between ICPRE = ON and ICPRE = OFF in

function of plasticity state.
IFRAME Flag for element coordinate system formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12, 17

only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (ON or OFF)
DN Numerical damping for stabilization (ISOLID =24 only).
QS Quadratic bulk viscosity.
QB Linear bulk viscosity.
HV Hourglass viscosity coefficient.
Default = 0.1 (0.0 < Real < 0.15)
DTMIN Minimum time step.
LAMBDAV Numerical Navier Stokes viscosity
No default (Real)
MUV Numerical Navier Stokes viscosity
No default (Real)
IHKT Hourglass tangent modulus flag (ISOLID = 24 only)
1 - Elastic modulus or numerical tangent modulus estimation.
2 - Advanced tangent modulus estimation.

Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PSOLID bulk data entry.
Only one PSOLIDX property extension can be associated with a particular PSOLID.
2. PSOLIDX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For these elements with four and ten
nodes, the number of integration points is fixed at one and four, respectively.
4. For fully integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
7. Fully integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only uses full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
8. ISMSTR = 10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
ISMSTR = 2.
11. HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid formulation,
co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for example, combined
with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to ISOLID = 12. The
HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws. Under-integration for pressure should
be used (ICPRE = ON in case of elastic or visco-elastic material; ICPRE = VAR in case of
elasto-plastic material).
12. H8C (SOLID = 17) elements: Their brick deviatoric behavior is the same as ISOLID = 12,
but the bulk behavior can be chosen with ICPRE, and is compatible with all solid type
material laws. ICPRE = VAR is the default value and ICPRE = OFF will not reduce pressure
integration.
13. HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to QEPH
shell elements.
14. ICPRE = VAR is only available for elasto-plastic material law.
16. Hourglass viscosity coefficient HV is not active with 8 point integration.

17. It is recommended to use IHKT=2 (ISOLID=24) and Lagrange type total strain, ISMSTR=10
for foam or rubber materials, like MATX42 and MATX82. For elasto-plastic type material,
IHKT=2 will have a tighter yield stress criterion for an hourglass stress computation.

PTADD
Bulk Data Entry
PTADD – Pretension Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a pretension load as a linear combination of load sets defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1,
PTADJST and PTADJS1 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADD PSID S S1 L1 S2 L2 S3 L3
S4 L4 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADD 6 2.0 3.0 2 2.0 3
Field Contents
PSID Pretensioning load set identification number.
S Scale factor. (See comment 1)
No default (Real)
Si Scale factor. (See comment 1)
No default (Real)
Li Pretension load set identification number defined via entry types

enumerated above. (See comment 1)

Comments
1. The pretension load as a linear combination is defined by:
Where,
S and Si are the scale factors.
Li is the pretension load set defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1, PTADJST andPTADJS1
entries.

PTADJS1
Bulk Data Entry
PTADJS1 – Pretension Adjustment Definition, Alternate Form
Description
Defines adjustment (additional shortening) on a set of pretension sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADJS1 PSID ADJ SID1 SID2 SID3 SID4 SID5 SID6
SID7 SID8 SID9 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADJS1 3 0.05 1 3 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
ADJ Adjustment applied on this section (positive value means shortening).

See comment 2.
(Real)
SIDi Pretension section identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. PTADJS1 can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.
2. Pretensioning adjustment shortens the pretensioned bolt by “removing” the prescribed

amount of material. This represents the effect of turning the nut by a prescribed
distance (number of turns).
3. Pretensioning adjustment is an additional shortening applied to a pretension section. This

means that, when adjustment is applied to a section that has already been pretensioned,
the final effect will be a sum of the status reached in the preceding pretensioning
subcase plus the amount of ADJ.

PTADJST
Bulk Data Entry
PTADJST – Pretensioning Adjustment
Description
PTADJST defines the adjustment (shortening) on a pretension section.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADJST PSID SID ADJ
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTADJST 3 5 0.5
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
SID Pretension section identification number.
(Integer > 0)
ADJ Adjustment applied on this section (positive value means shortening).

See comment 2.
(Real)
Comments
1. PTADJST can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.

2. Pretensioning adjustment shortens the pretensioned bolt by “removing” the prescribed
amount of material. This represents the effect of turning the nut by a prescribed
distance (number of turns).
3. Pretensioning adjustment using PTADJST can also be used to define additional shortening
to a pretensioned section. Therefore, when adjustment is applied to a section that has
already been pretensioned, the final effect will be a sum of the status reached in the
preceding pretensioning subcase plus the amount of adjustment through PTADJST.

PTFORCE
Bulk Data Entry
PTFORCE – Pretensioning Force
Description
Defines pretensioning force on pretension section.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTFORC E PSID SID F
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTFORC E 3 5 0.5
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
SID Pretension section identification number.
(Integer > 0)
F Pretensioning force applied on this section. (Positive value creates

tension). See comment 2.
(Real)
Comments
1. PTFORCE can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.

2. Pretensioning force is actually a pair of forces, applied to the opposite sides of the
pretension section. This represents the effect of tightening the nut by a prescribed
longitudinal force (which is related to the applied torque).

PTFORC1
Bulk Data Entry
PTFORC1 – Pretensioning Force Definition, Alternate Form
Description
Defines pretensioning force on a set of pretension sections.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTFORC 1 PSID F SID1 SID2 SID3 SID4 SID5 SID6
SID7 SID8 SID9 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTFORC 1 3 500.0 1 3 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
F Pretensioning force applied on this set of sections. (Positive value

creates tension). See comment 2.
(Real)
SIDi Pretension section identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. PTFORC1 can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.
2. Pretensioning force is actually a pair of forces, applied to the opposite sides of the
pretension section. This represents the effect of tightening the nut by a prescribed
longitudinal force (which is related to the applied torque).

PTUBE
Bulk Data Entry
PTUBE – Tube Property
Description
PTUBE defines the properties of a thin-walled cylindrical tube element, referenced by a CTUBE
entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTUBE PID MID OD T NSM OD2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PTUBE 2 6 6.29 0.25
Field Contents
PID Unique identification number.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
OD Outside diameter of tube.
(Real > 0.0)
T Thickness of tube.
(Real; T < ½ OD)

Field Contents
(Real)
OD2 Diameter of tube at second grid point – G2 on CTUBE entry. See comment
4.
Default = OD (OD or blank)
Comments
1. If T is zero, a solid circular rod is assumed.
2. All PTUBE entries must have unique property identification numbers.
3. For structural problems, PTUBE entries may only reference MAT1 material entries.
4. Tapered tubes are not allowed.
5. PTUBE data is converted to PROD data as it is read. CTUBE data is converted to CROD
data.

PVISC
Bulk Data Entry
PVISC – Viscous Damping Element Property
Description
Defines properties of a one-dimensional viscous damping element (CVISC entry).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PVISC PID1 C E1 C R1 PID2 C E2 C R2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PVISC 3 6.2 3.94
Field Contents
PID# Property identification number.
CE1, CE2 Viscous damping values for extension in units of force per unit
velocity.
No default (Real)
CR1, CR2 Viscous damping values for rotation in units of force per unit velocity.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Viscous properties are material independent; in particular, they are temperature

independent.

2. One or two viscous element properties may be defined on a single entry.

PWELD
Bulk Data Entry
PWELD – WELD Element Property
Description
Defines properties of connector (CWELD) elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PWELD PID MID D MSET TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
PWELD 30 2 2.5
Field Contents
D Diameter of the connector. See comment 1.
MSET Flag to eliminate m-set degrees-of-freedom. See comment 2.

Field Contents
TYPE Indicates type of connection. See comment 3.
SPOT indicates spot weld connector.
blank indicates general connector.
Default = blank (SPOT or blank)
Comments
1. Material MID, diameter D, and the length are used to calculate the stiffness of the
connector in 6 directions. MID can only refer to the MAT1 bulk data entry. The length is
the distance of GA to GB (see below).
Length and Diameter of Weld connector
2. MSET = ON generates explicit m-set constraints. MSET = OFF (default) incorporates

constraints at the element stiffness matrix level avoiding explicit m-set constraint
equations. The exact same results will be obtained regardless of this choice.
3. If TYPE="SPOT" and if the formats PARTPAT, ELPAT, or ELEMID on the CWELD entry are
used, then the effective length for the stiffness of the CWELD element is set to
regardless of the distance GA to GB. t A and t B are the shell thicknesses of
shell A and B respectively. For all other cases, the effective length of the CWELD
element is equal to the true length, the distance of GA and GB, as long as the ratio of

length to diameter is in the range 0.2 < L/D 5.0. If L is below the range, the effective
length is set to Le = 0.2D and if L is above the range, the effective length is set to Le =
5.0D.

QBDY1
Bulk Data Entry
QBDY1 – Heat Flux Boundary Condition (Form 1)
Description
Defines a uniform heat flux for CHBDYE elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
QBDY1 SID Q0 EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5 EID6
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
QBDY1 SID Q0 EID1 “THRU” EID2
Field Contents
Q0 Heat flux into element.
No default (Real)
EID# CHBDYE surface element identification numbers. With alternate format using
“THRU” EID2 > EID1.
Comments
1. QBDY1 entries must be selected with the Case Control command LOAD=SID in order to be
used in static analysis. The total power into an element is given by the equation:
2. The sign convention for Q0 is positive for heat input.

3. This card is represented as a flux load in HyperMesh.

QVOL
Bulk Data Entry
QVOL – Volume Heat Addition
Description
Defines a rate of volumetric heat addition in a conduction element.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
QVOL SID QVOL EID1 EID2 EID3 EID4 EID5
EID6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
...
Field Contents
SID
Load set identification number.
QVOL
Power input per unit volume produced by a heat conduction element.
No default (Real)
EID#
A list of heat conduction elements.
No default (Integer > 0 or “THRU” or “BY”)
Comments
1. EID# has material properties (MAT4/MAT5) that include HGEN, the scale factor for
volumetric heat generation. This association is made through the element EID.
2. QVOL provides the constant volumetric heat generation rate. QVOL is positive for heat
generation. For steady-state analysis, the total power into an element is:
Where, HGEN is the scale factor from the MAT4 and MAT5 data.

3. For use in steady-state analysis, the load set is selected with the Case Control command
LOAD=SID.
4. This card is represented as a flux load in HyperMesh.

RADPRM
Bulk Data Entry
RADPRM – Parameters definition entry for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines the parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RADPRM PARAM1 VALUE1 PARAM2 VALUE2 PARAM3 VALUE3 PARAM4 VALUE4
PARAM5 VALUE5
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RADPRM HMNAME YES RBE2RBD YES
Field Contents
PARAMi Name of parameter. See below for allowable names.
VALi Value of parameter.
detailed parameter descriptions).
HMNAME RADPRM, HMNAME controls the conversion of the YES or NO

component, property and material names in
RBE2RBD RBE2 is converted to /RBE2 by default in YES or NO

geometric nonlinear analysis. This parameter can

be used to convert RBE2 to /RBODY, instead of / Default = NO

RBE2.
Comments
1. The parameters defined by RADPRM bulk card are only applied in geometric nonlinear
analysis subcases which are defined by ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is
ignored for all other subcases.

RADPRM, HMNAME
HMNAME YES or NO RADPRM, HMNAME controls the conversion of

Default = NO the component, property and material names in
If YES, the converter will keep the component,

property and material names defined by
HyperMesh comments in the bulk model file, and
print them in a RADIOSS Starter file.
If NO, the converter will print intermediate

names automatically.

RADPRM, RBE2RBD
RBE2RBD YES or NO RBE2 is converted to /RBE2 by default in

Default = NO geometric nonlinear analysis. This parameter
can be used to convert RBE2 to /RBODY,
instead of /RBE2.
Note
RBE2 can be converted to /RBODY only if all six

degrees of freedom of the slave nodes are
dependent on the master node. Otherwise, the
solver errors out when RBE2RBD = YES. Note
that if the master node of the RBE2 is
connected to other elements or in the case of
hierarchical RBE2’s, RADPRM, RBE2RBD activation
is not recommended.

RADSND
Bulk Data Entry
RADSND – Defines Grids (microphone locations) where sound levels will be calculated and the
locations of the corresponding source (vibrating panel) grids.
Description
Defines a set of grid points where the sound will be calculated as well as the panels that are
generating the sound.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RADSND RSID MSET
"PANEL" PID PID PID - etc. -
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RADSND 10 100
PANEL 101 103
Field Contents
RSID Radiated sound set ID.
MSET ID of a SET of field grids (microphone locations) at which sound levels

will be calculated. The sound levels output at these grid points are due
to panel vibrations (specified separately in the PANEL and PIDi fields,
see comment 4).
PANEL Flag indicating that the following panel ID’s will contribute to the sound
at the MSET grids (see comment 4).

Field Contents
Character (No default)
PIDi Panel ID of the "PANELG" data entry of type "SOUND" data.
Comments
1. At least the first panel ID is required.
2. Multiple continuations or multiple RADSND with the same SID are allowed if more than 7
SOUND panels need to be defined.
3. The RADSND bulk data entry is referenced by the RADSND command in the Subcase
Information section of the input data.
4. The MSET and PIDi fields are used to specify the microphone locations (receiving grids)
and the vibrating panels (source grids) respectively.
RADSND data entry field Description
MSET References microphone grid sets (receiving grids).

Outputs are generally calculated at these locations.
PANEL, PIDi Reference vibrating panel ID’s (source grids).

Outputs can also be requested at these locations.

RANDPS
Bulk Data Entry
RANDPS – Power Spectral Density Specification
Description
Defines load set power spectral density factors for use in random analysis having the
frequency dependent form S (F) = (X + iY) G(F).
jk
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RANDPS SID J K X Y TID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RANDPS 5 3 7 2.0 2.5 4
Field Contents
SID Random analysis set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
J Subcase identification number of excited load set.
(Integer > 0)
K Subcase identification number of applied load set.
(Integer > 0; K > J)
X, Y Components of complex number.
(Real)

Field Contents
TID Identification number of a TABRNDi entry which defines G(F).
Integer > 0
Comments
1. If J = K, then Y must be 0.0.
2. For TID = 0, G(F) = 1.0.
3. Set identification number must be selected in the Subcase Information section (RANDOM
= SID) to activate the RANDPS data.

RANDT1
Bulk Data Entry
RANDT1 – Autocorrelation Function Time Lag
Description
Defines time lag constants for use in random analysis autocorrelation function computation.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RANDT1 SID N T0 TMAX
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RANDT1 5 10 3.2 9.6
Field Contents
SID Random analysis set identification number.
(Integer > 0)
N Number of time lag intervals.
(Integer > 0)
TO Starting time lag.
(Real > 0.0)
TMAX Maximum time lag.
(Real > TO)

Comments
1. At least one RANDPS entry must be present with the same set identification number.
2. The time lags defined on this entry are given by
3. Time lag sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (RANDOM = SID) to
activate the RANDT1 data.

RBAR
Bulk Data Entry
RBAR – Rigid Bar
Description
Defines a rigid bar with six degrees-of-freedom at each end.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBAR EID GA GB C NA C NB C MA C MB
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBAR 5 1 2 234 123
Field Contents
GA,GB Grid point identification number of connection points.
CNA,CNB Independent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

element at grid points GA and GB. Up to six unique digits (0 < digit < 6)
may be placed in each field with no embedded blanks, or the field may be
left blank. See comment 1.
CMA,CMB Component numbers of dependent degrees-of-freedom in the global

coordinate system assigned by the element at grid points GA and GB. Up
to six unique digits (0 < digit < 6) may be placed in each field with no
embedded blanks, or the field may be left blank. See comment 2.

Comments
1. The total number of components in CNA and CNB must equal six, for example, CNA =
1236, CNB = 34. Furthermore, they must jointly be capable of representing any general
rigid body motion of the element.
2. If both CMA and CMB are zero or blank, all of the degrees-of-freedom not in CNA and CNB
are made dependent.
3. The degree of freedom declared dependent on this entry may not be:
Included in a single point constraint (SPC or SPC1).

Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any other RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, RBE3, or
RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced by a subcase.
4. Element identification numbers must be unique.
5. Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
references” on RBAR entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)
7. This card is represented as a weld element in HyperMesh.

RBE1
Bulk Data Entry
RBE1 – Rigid Body Element, Form 1
Description
Defines a rigid body connected to an arbitrary number of grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE1 EID GN1 C N1 GN2 C N2 GN3 C N3
GN4 C N4 GN5 C N5 GN6 C N6
"UM" GM1 C M1 GM2 C M2 GM3 C M3
GM4 C M4 GM5 C M5 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE1 14 100 123456
UM 101 123 102 123
Field Contents
GNi Grid points at which independent degrees-of-freedom for the element are
assigned.
No default (Integer or <PartName.number>) See comment 7.

Field Contents
CNi Independent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

rigid element at grid point(s) GNi.
UM UM flag indicating the start of the dependent degrees-of-freedom.
GMi Grid points at which dependent degrees-of-freedom for the element are
assigned.
No default (Integer or <PartName.number>) See comment 7.
CMi Dependent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

rigid elements at grid point(s) GMi.
No default (Integers 1 through 6 with no embedded blanks)
Comments
1. The total number of components in CN1 to CN6 must equal six; furthermore, they must
jointly be capable of representing and general rigid body motion of the element. The first
continuation entry is not required if there are fewer than four GN points.
2. The degree-of-freedom declared dependent on this entry may not be:

RROD entry.
3. A degree-of-freedom cannot be both independent and dependent for the same element.
However, both independent and dependent components can exist at the same grid point.
5. Rigid elements, unlike MPCs, may not be selected for use in individual subcases; they
apply to all subcases.
references” on RBE1 entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)

RBE2
Bulk Data Entry
RBE2 – Rigid Body Element, Form 2
Description
Defines a rigid body whose independent degrees-of-freedom are specified at a single grid point
and whose dependent degrees-of-freedom are specified at an arbitrary number of grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE2 EID GN CM GM1 GM2 GM3 GM4 GM5
GM6 GM7 GM8 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE2 9 8 12 10 12 14 15 16
20
Field Contents
GN The grid point to which all six independent degrees-of-freedom for the
element are assigned.
CM Component number of the dependent degrees of freedom in the global

coordinate system (local output coordinate system) at grid points GM1,
GM2, and so on. Up to six unique digits (1 < digit < 6) may be placed in
the field with no embedded blanks.

Field Contents
GM1,GM2, etc. Grid points at which dependent degrees-of-freedom are assigned.
Comments
1. The components indicated by CM are made dependent at all grid points, GMi.

RROD entry.
6. This card is represented as a rigid or rigidlink element in HyperMesh.

RBE3
Bulk Data Entry
RBE3 – Interpolation Constraint Element
Description
Defines the motion at a "reference" grid point as the weighted average of the motions at a set
of other grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE3 EID blank REFGRID REFC WT1 C1 G1,1 G1,2
G1,3 WT2 C2 G2,1 G2,2 etc. WT3 C3
G3,1 G3,2 etc. WT4 C4 G4,1 G4,2 etc.
"UM" GM1 C M1 GM2 C M2 GM3 C M3 blank
blank GM4 C M4 GM5 C M5 etc. blank
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RBE3 14 100 1234 1.0 123 1 3
5 4.7 1 2 4 6 5.2 2
7 8 9 5.1 1 15 16
UM 15 123 5 13 7 3

Field Contents
REFGRID Reference grid point. This is the dependent GRID. Some, or all, of the
dependent degrees-of-freedom of this grid can be made independent by
redefining all of the dependent degrees-of-freedom following the UM flag.
REFC Global components of motion whose values will be computed at the reference
grid point. Any of the digits 1, 2, ..., 6 with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)
WTi Weighting factor for components of motion on the following entry at grid points
Gi,j.
(Real)
Ci Global components of motion that have weighting factor WTi, at grid points Gi,j.
Any of the digits 1, 2, ..., 6, with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)
Gi,j Grid point whose components Ci have weighting factor WTi in the averaging
equations.
UM Optional flag indicating that a data set redefining the entire dependent degree-
of-freedom set is to follow. The default is that all of the components in REFC at
the reference grid point form the dependent degree-of-freedom set. See
comments 4, 5 and 6.
GMi Grid points with components in the redefined dependent degree-of-freedom set.
CMi Components of motion at GMi in the redefined dependent degree-of-freedom set.

Any of the digits 1 through 6, with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. It is recommended that for most applications only the translation components 123 be
used for Ci. An exception is the case where the Gij are collinear. A rotation component
may then be added to one grid point, to stabilize its associated rigid body mode for the
element.
2. Blank spaces may be left at the end of a Gij sequence.
3. The default for the dependent degree-of-freedom set should be used except in cases
where you want to redefine some or all REFC components as the dependent degree-of-
freedom set. If the default is not used for the dependent degree-of-freedom set:
The total number of components therein (that is, the total number of dependent
degrees-of-freedom defined by the element) must be equal to the number of
components in REFC (four components in the example).
The components therein must be a subset of the components mentioned in REFC and
Gij_Ci.
The coefficient matrix [Rm] in the constraints equation [RM] {um} + [Rn] {un} = 0
must be nonsingular, where um denotes the dependent degree-of-freedom set and un
denotes the independent degree-of-freedom set.
4. When the AMSES or AMLS eigenvalue solver is used, the UM data should be used when
loaded RBE3 have more than 500 DOF. Large loaded RBE3 will dramatically increase the
run times for AMSES or AMLS because the residual vectors will contain many DOF, unless
the UM data is used to make the loaded center GRID independent. When UM data is used,
the stiffness matrix becomes full for all the independent DOF of the RBE3, which can
increase the run time for very large RBE3. The number of grids can be reduced using a
HyperMesh macro. The macro is listed as Script 1068 in the Altair HyperWorks Script
Exchange:
www.altairhyperworks.com
5. UM data should not be used on large unloaded RBE3, as this will lead to an increase in the
run time.
6. Dependent degrees-of-freedom assigned by one rigid element may not also be assigned
dependent by another rigid element or by a multi-point constraint, and may not be
specified on SPC data.
7. In version 5.0, the RBE3 element calculation was modified in order to make the results
independent of the units used in the model. For this purpose, the weights of the
rotational degrees-of-freedom have been scaled by the square of the average distance
between the independent grid points and the reference point. This change will only affect
the results if independent grid points with rotational degrees-of-freedom exist in the RBE3
element. The previous RBE3 formulation can be enforced with the debug statement
debug, OLDRBE3,1.0.

10. This card is represented as an rbe3 element in HyperMesh.

RCROSS
Bulk Data Entry
RCROSS – Cross-Power Spectral Density Functions Output
Description
Defines a pair of response quantities for computing the cross-power spectral density functions
in random response analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RC ROSS SID RTYPE1 ID1 C OMP1 RTYPE2 ID2 C OMP2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RC ROSS 20 DISP 50 2 STRESS 150 8 4
Field Contents
SID RCROSS set identification number.
RTYPE# Type of response quantity. At least one field must be selected. If

either RTYPE1 or RTYPE2 is blank, then the blank field takes the
default from the defined field. See comment 2.
ID# Element, grid, or scalar point identification number.
COMP# Component code (item) identification number. See comment 3.

Comments
1. This entry is required for computing the cross-power spectral density function. SID must
be selected with the I/O Option RCROSS. Fields RTYPE1, ID1, and COMP1 represent the
first response quantity and fields RTYPE2, ID2, and COMP2 represent the second response
quantity.
2. The keywords for field RTYPE# are listed as follows:
Keyword Description
DISP Displacement vector
VELO Velocity vector
ACCEL Acceleration vector
STRESS Element Stress
STRAIN Element Strain
3. For elements, COMP# represents a component of the element stress or strain as

described in the following table.
Element Stress/Strain Item Number code
All Solid Elements Normal X 6 or 12
Normal Y 7 or 13
Normal Z 8 or 14
Shear XY 9 or 15
Shear YZ 10 or 16
Shear XZ 11 or 17
All Shell Elements Normal X at Z1 3 or 4
Normal X at Z2 10 or 11
Normal Y at Z1 5 or 6
Normal Y at Z2 12 or 13
Shear XY at Z1 7 or 8

Element Stress/Strain Item Number code
Shear XY at Z2 14 or 15
For grid points, COMP# represents a component of the displacement, velocity or

acceleration as described in the following table:
Response Number code
Translation X 1 or 7
Translation Y 2 or 8
Translation Z 3 or 9
Rotation X 4 or 10
Rotation Y 5 or 11
Rotation Z 6 or 12
For scalar points, COMP# should always be 1.

RELOC
Bulk Data Entry
RELOC – Grid Point Relocation
Description
The RELOC bulk data entry can be used to map grid points from one location to another. This
entry allows you to translate, match, rotate or mirror grid points. The grid ID fields can be
input as either numeric or fully qualified references to grid points in the model.
Format
The format of this entry depends on the TYPE field input; the various versions are listed as
follows:
Translation (TYPE = MOVE)

Format 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID TYPE GID1 GID2
Format 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID TYPE dx dy dz
Rotation (TYPE = ROTATE)

Format 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID TYPE GID1 ang_x ang_y ang_z
Matching (TYPE = MATCH)

Format 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID TYPE GIDA1 GIDA2 GIDA3 GIDB1 GIDB2 GIDB3

Mirroring (TYPE = MIRROR)
Format 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID TYPE GIDA1 GIDA2 GIDA3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC 1 MATC H 1001 1012 3992 123 564 665
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
TYPE This field specifies the type of mapping between grid points in a model. The
format of the RELOC card is different for different values of the TYPE field (see
Comment 2 for detailed information on each option).
(MOVE, ROTATE, MATCH, or MIRROR)
Translation (Format 1)
GID1 Grid point identification number for translation to the reference point location.
Grid point GID1 is moved from its original location to the GID2 location.
GID2 Reference grid point identification number for translation. GID2 is used as a
reference point to move another grid point (GID1) from its original location to
the GID2 location.
Translation (Format 2)
dx, dy, dz Defines the distance that the referenced part (INSTNCE entry) should be
translated in the basic coordinate system. Each entry specifies the
corresponding distance moved in the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively (see
Comment 2).
(Real or blank)

Field Contents
Rotation (Format 1)
GID1 Specifies the identification number of a grid point that will be used as a center
of rotation based on the angles specified in the following fields.
ang_x, Defines the angle (in degrees) of rotation about the X, Y, and Z axes,
ang_y, respectively with the grid point (GID1) as the center of rotation. In a 2D
ang_z model, only ang_z is specified (see Comment 2).
(Real or blank)
Matching (Format 1)
GIDA1, Specifies the identification numbers of grid points (initial location) that will be
GIDA2, moved to match with the corresponding grid points GIDB1,2,3 (final location,
GIDA3 defined in the following fields). Any rotation, translation or mirroring required
to complete this matching process is accomplished internally by OptiStruct.
These three grid points cannot be collinear.
GIDB1, Specifies the identification numbers of grid points which will be matched with
GIDB2, the corresponding grid points defined in the GIDA1,2,3 fields. Any rotation,
GIDB3 translation or mirroring required to complete this matching process is
accomplished internally by OptiStruct. These three grid points cannot be
collinear.
Mirroring (Format 1)
GIDA1, Specifies the identification numbers of grid points about which the entire part
GIDA2, (defined via INSTNCE) will be laterally mirrored (flipped) by 180 degrees. The
GIDA3 grid points GIDA1,2,3 define an absolute plane of symmetry flip. Any rotation
or translation required to complete this mirroring process is accomplished
internally by OptiStruct. The three grid points specified for mirroring cannot be
collinear. In a 2D model, only GIDA1 and GIDA2 should be specified.
Comments
1. A RELOC entry can be referenced by a INSTNCE entry to define the location of a part in
the full model.
2. The following illustrations depict part relocation examples for each of the four TYPE field
options. All grid point ID’s used on the RELOC entry can belong to any part in the model.
Only their initial locations are relevant. All RELOC entries are evaluated before any parts

are moved. This may not always produce the expected result in some cases as the
sequence of moves affects the final part locations. For example, if RELOC, MATCH is
defined using three grid points on part A and three grid points in part B, this may not
result in a final structure with the two parts being connected, if part B is moved again
after this matching process. To avoid such cases, it is strongly recommended to assign
the grid points that define the initial location to a part that has to be moved and the grid
points that define the final location, to a part that will not be moved (for example, the
global structure).
Translation - Format 1:
Format 1 (Special case, assumes that Part B does not relocate)

Translation - Format 2:
2 2 2
D dx dy dz
Where,
D is the distance moved by the part referenced on the INSTNCE entry.

dx, dy and dz are the distances moved by the part along the X, Y and Z axes.
Rotation - Format 1:

Matching - Format 1:
Format 1 (Special case – Part B does not relocate)

Mirroring - Format 1:
3. In a 2D model, only two TYPE options are allowed: ROTATE and MIRROR. All grid points in
the model should have the same Z coordinate. Rotation and mirroring are defined in the X-
Y plane.
Rotation in a 2D model defined in the X-Y plane
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID ROTATE GID1 ang_z
Mirroring in a 2D model defined in the X-Y plane
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RELOC ID MIRROR GIDA1 GIDA2
references” on RELOC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
BEGIN bulk data entry in the model). “number” is the identification number of a referenced
local entry in the part “PartName”. See Parts and Instances in the User’s Guide for
detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.

RFORCE
Bulk Data Entry
RFORCE – Rotational Force
Description
Defines a static loading condition due to a centrifugal force field. It can also be used to define
the EXCITEID field (Amplitude “A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2
bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RFORC E SID G C ID A R1 R2 R3
RAC C
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RFORC E 2 5 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.2
1.0
Field Contents
G Grid point identification number through which the rotation vector acts.
CID Coordinate system defining the components of the rotation vector.

Field Contents
A Scale factor of the rotational velocity in revolutions per unit time.
R1,R2,R3 Rectangular components of rotation direction vector. The vector defined

will pass through point G.
No default (Real; R12 + R22 + R32 > 0.0)
RACC Scale factor of the rotational acceleration in revolutions per unit time
squared.
(Real)
Comments
1. The rotational forces that are created with an RFORCE entry for a constant angular
velocity (A), act in the positive radial direction. They represent the initial forces on the
structure due to a constant angular velocity. The rotational forces defined for a
constant angular acceleration (RACC), act in the same direction as the angular
acceleration. They would be opposite to the inertia forces on the structure due to a
constant angular acceleration.
The following plot shows that the RFORCE vector at node Gi is given by:
where,
angular velocity =
angular acceleration =

RFORC E vector at node Gi
2. G = 0 or blank means the basic coordinate system origin.

3. CID = 0 or blank signifies that the rotation vector acts at the origin of the basic
coordinate system.
4. The RFORCE load is selected for use in a subcase by the Subcase Information entry LOAD.
5. The load vector generated by this entry can be printed using the I/O Option OLOAD.
6. The continuation line containing RACC is optional.
7. For CONM1 and CONM2 entries, OptiStruct calculates the torque, due to rotation, as
follows:
where, I is the moment of inertia.

RGYRO
Bulk Data Entry
RGYRO – Rotor Dynamics
Description
Bulk Data Entry for the inclusion of data required to perform Rotor Dynamics analysis in Modal
Frequency Response Analysis and/or Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis. The RGYRO Bulk Data
Entry is referenced by a corresponding RGYRO Subcase Information Entry in a specific
subcase.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RGYRO RID SYNC FLG REFROTR SPDUNIT SPDLOW SPDHIGH SPEED
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RGYRO 14 ASYNC 3 FREQ 55
RID <INTEGER> setid: The SID is referenced by a RGYRO card

in the subcase information section.
SYNCFLG <SYNC, ASYNC > SYNC: Synchronous Rotor dynamic analysis is

selected, if SYNC is input in this field.
(no default)
ASYNC: Asynchronous Rotor dynamic analysis is
selected, if ASYNC is input in this field.
REFROTR <INTEGER > 0> rotid: Reference rotor ID. This field selects
the rotor that will be used in THE Rotor
dynamic analysis.

(no default)
SPDUNIT <RPM, FREQ> RPM: RPM specifies that the entries SPDLOW,
SPDHIGH and SPEED are input in
(No default) Revolutions Per Minute.
FREQ: FREQ specifies that the entries

SPDLOW, SPDHIGH and SPEED are input
in revolutions per unit time.
SPDLOW <INTEGER> Minimum rotor speed for synchronous analysis.
Default = 0.0
SPDHIGH <INTEGER> Maximum rotor speed for synchronous analysis.
Default = 99999.0
SPEED <INTEGER, Real> <INTEGER> If an integer value is input, it references

a RSPEED bulk data entry that specifies
Default = 0 a set of reference rotor speeds for
asynchronous analysis (See comment
2).
<Real> If a real number is input, the value is

considered constant and a single
Default = 0.0 reference rotor speed value is specified
(See comment 2).
Comments
1. Multiple RGYRO bulk data entries with the same RID cannot exist.
2. The values entered on some optional fields of the RGYRO bulk data entry depend on
factors such as: solution sequence used, type of analysis performed, and the value of
specific parameters. The following table shows some of the optional fields and their
relevance based on the listed factors. Synchronous analysis is performed when the rotor
speed is equal to the modal frequency (Complex eigenvalue analysis) or the frequency of
the forcing function (Frequency response analysis) and Asynchronous analysis is

performed when the user specified rotor speed is used for the analysis.
Synchronous/
Required PARAM,
Solution Sequence Asynchronous Comment
Entry GYROAVG
Analysis
Modal Frequency Synchronous None 0 -

Response Analysis
Synchronous SPDLOW, -1 3, 4
SPDHIGH
Asynchronous SPEED 0 -
Asynchronous SPEED -1 4
Modal Complex Synchronous SPDLOW, - 3, 4

Eigenvalue Analysis SPDHIGH
Asynchronous SPEED - 4
3. When multiple rotors are present within the system being modeled, one of the rotors is
chosen as a reference rotor. The speeds of the rest of the rotors are linearly dependent
of the reference rotor. Scale factors S1 and S2 are used to relate the speeds.
S1 S 2 * ref
Where,
is the speed of a rotor (different from the reference rotor)
S1 and S2 are scale factors
ref
is the speed of the reference rotor
The scale factors S1 and S2 will be calculated by a least-mean-square fit of the relative
rotor speeds specified on the RSPINR entries (between SPDLOW to SPDHIGH of the
reference rotor). If the SPDLOW or SPDHIGH values are beyond the range specified on
the RSPINR entry, the values will be extrapolated from the RSPINR entry values.
4. PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4 are necessary for rotor damping.

RLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD1 – Frequency Response Dynamic Load, Form1
Description
Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form

for use in frequency response problems.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RLOAD1 SID EXC ITEID DELAY DPHASE TC TD TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RLOAD1 5 3 1
Field Contents
EXCITEID Identification number of the DAREA, SPCD, FORCEx, MOMENTx,

PLOADx, RFORCE, or GRAV entry set that defines A.

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If
it is real, then it directly defines the value of that will be used for
all degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry.

Field Contents
DPHASE Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If
TC Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3 or

TABLED4 entry that gives C( ). See comment 2.
Default = 0 if TD is non-zero (Integer > 0)
TD Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3 or

TABLED4 entry that gives D( ). See comment 2.
Default = 0 if TC is non-zero (Integer > 0)
TYPE Identifies the type of the dynamic excitation.
Default = 0 (See comment 5)
Comments
2. If any DELAY, DPHASE, TC, or TD fields are blank or zero, the corresponding , , C( ), or
D( ) will be zero. Either TC or TD may be blank or zero, but not both.
3. RLOAD1 loads may be combined with RLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. This means that the SID on a RLOAD1 entry must not be the same as that on a
RLOAD2 entry.
4. SID must be unique for all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
5. The type field identifies the type of dynamic excitation. Valid entries for this field are
listed alongside a description of the dynamic excitation with they invoke.
Type Description
0, L, LO, LOA, LOAD Applied load; EXCITEID references DAREA data.
1, D, DI, DIS, DISP Enforced displacement; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
2, V, VE, VEL, VELO Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPCD data.

Type Description
3, A, AC, ACC, ACCE Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
6. When EXCITEID refers to an SPCD entry, the modal space will be augmented with
displacement vector(s) from linear static analysis with unit prescribed displacement at
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom.
7. All static structural loads can be referenced by EXCITEID by referring to the SID on the
structural load. The structural loads are FORCE, FORCE1, FORCE2, MOMENT, MOMENT1,
MOMENT2, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, and GRAV. EXCITEID cannot
reference the LOAD and LOADADD Bulk Data entries.

RLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD2 – Frequency Response Dynamic Load, Form 2
Description
Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form:
for use in frequency response problems.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RLOAD2 SID EXC ITEID DELAY DPHASE TB TP TYPE
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RLOAD2 5 3 7
Field Contents

PLOADx, RFORCE, or GRAV entry set that defines A.

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If

Field Contents
DPHASE Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If
TB Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3 or

TABLED4 entry that gives B( ).
TP Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3 or

TABLED4 entry that gives in degrees.
TYPE Identifies the type of the dynamic excitation.
Default = 0 (See comment 5)
Comments
2. If any DELAY, DPHASE, or TP fields are blank or zero, the corresponding , , or will
be zero.
3. RLOAD2 loads may be combined with RLOAD1 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. This means that the SID on a RLOAD2 entry must not be the same as that on a
RLOAD1 entry.
4. SID must be unique for all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
5. The TYPE field identifies the type of dynamic excitation. Valid entries for this field are
listed below alongside a description of the dynamic excitation which they invoke.
Type Description
0, L, LO, LOA, LOAD Applied load; EXCITEID references DAREA data.
1, D, DI, DIS, DISP Enforced displacement; EXCITEID references SPCD data.

Type Description
2, V, VE, VEL, VELO Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
3, A, AC, ACC, ACCE Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom.
7. All static structural loads can be referenced by EXCITEID by referring to the SID on the
structural load. The structural loads are FORCE, FORCE1, FORCE2, MOMENT, MOMENT1,
MOMENT2, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, and GRAV. EXCITEID cannot
reference the LOAD and LOADADD Bulk Data entries.

ROTORG
Bulk Data Entry
ROTORG – Grids for the Rotor Line Model (Rotor Dynamics).
Description
This Bulk Data Entry is used for the specification of grids that determine the Rotor Line model.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ROTORG ROTORID GRID1 GRID2 … GRIDn
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ROTORG ROTORID GRID1 THRU GRID2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ROTORG 25 2345 2356 2400 2450
Example (Alternate Format)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
ROTORG 30 2300 THRU 2400
ROTORID <INTEGER > 0> setid: The identification number of a rotor.

GRIDi <INTEGER > 0> List of grids that define the rotor line model.
No default
THRU Flag indicating that a range of grid identification numbers is defined. The
initial and final grids are specified on the fields either side of the field
(Optional)
containing the THRU flag.
Comments
1. All grid point entries specified on the ROTORG entry must be unique. The program will run
into an error, if duplicate grid entries are specified.
2. Multiple ROTORG entries can be defined with the same ROTORID.
3. This ROTORG entry is used to define a Rotor Line model; therefore, for a specific
ROTORID, all grids specified on the ROTORG entry must be collinear. OptiStruct
automatically checks if the grids are collinear during a run.
4. If superelements are not used, connections between grids in the Rotor Line model and
those not listed on the ROTORG entry must be defined using MPC’s or rigid elements.
5. If superelements are used, connections between grids in the Rotor Line model and those
in the residual structure must be defined using MPC’s or rigid elements.
6. The mass of the Rotor Line model should be defined on the grids defined on the grids
specified by the ROTORG bulk data entry.

RROD
Bulk Data Entry
RROD – Rigid Pin-Ended Rod
Description
Defines a pin-ended rod that is rigid in extension.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RROD EID GA GB C MA C MB
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RROD 14 1 1115 2
Field Contents
CMA,CMB Component number of one and only one dependent translational degree-
of-freedom in the global coordinate system assigned by you to either
GA or GB. Integer equal to 1, 2, or 3, or blank. Either CMA or CMB
must contain the integer and the other must be blank.
Comments
2. Forces of constraint are not recovered.

3. The degree-of-freedom selected to be dependent must have a non-zero component along
the axis of the rod. This implies that the rod must have finite length.

RROD entry.
references” on RROD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)

RSPEC
Bulk Data Entry
RSPEC – Response Spectrum Analysis Specifications
Description
Specifies directional combination method, modal combination method, excitation direction(s),

response spectra and scale factors.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPEC RID DC OMB MC OMB C LOSE
DTISPEC 1 SC ALE1 X11 X12 X13
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPEC 35 ALG SRSS 1.0
7 1.3 0.5 0.5 -1.
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPEC 35 SRSS C QC 0.0

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
7 1.3 0.5 0.5 -1.
4 2.0 -2 -0.0 -1.
2 17. 0.5 -2.5 -1.
Field Contents
RID RSPEC identification number.
DCOMB Method for directional combination. Can be either algebraic (ALG) or

square root of sum of squares (SRSS).
Default = ALG (ALG or SRSS)
MCOMB Method for modal combination. Can be either absolute sum (ABS),
square root of sum of squares (SRSS), complete quadratic combination
(CQC), or Navy Reseach Laboratory’s SRSS (NRL).
Default = ABS (ABS, SRSS, CQC, or NRL)
Modal frequency closeness parameter.

CLOSE
DTISPECi Response spectrum reference. ID of a DTI,SPECSEL entry.
SCALEi Scale factor for excitation.
No default (Real <> 0.0)
Xij Components of a vector representing ground excitation i, j = 1..3
Comments
1. All RSPEC cards must have unique ID numbers.
2. DTISPEC2/SCALE2/X21/X22/X23 and DTISPEC3/SCALE3/X31/X32/X33 are optional ground

excitations for multi-directional excitation. The directions of excitation have to be
orthogonal to each other and will be reported as error otherwise.
3. Refer to Response Spectrum Analysis in the User’s Guide for more details.

RSPEED
Bulk Data Entry
RSPEED – Reference Rotor Speed Values
Description
This bulk data entry is used to specify a set of reference rotor speed values for asynchronous
analysis in Rotor Dynamics.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPEED SID S1 DS NDS
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPEED 25 1500 50 5
SID <Integer > 0> Set identification number.
No default
S1 <Real > 0.0> Specifies the first reference rotor speed in the set.
No default
DS <Real > 0.0> Specifies the increment in reference rotor speed.

This value is added to each successive entry
No default starting from the first entry (S1).

NDS <Integer > 0> Number of reference rotor speed increments.
Default = 1
Comments
1. The RSPEED bulk data entry is referenced by the SPEED field on the RGYRO bulk data
entry. If an integer value is specified in the SPEED field, multiple reference rotor speeds
specified in the RSPEED entry are used in asynchronous analysis.
2. In asynchronous frequency response analysis, if the RSPEED bulk data entry is referenced
in RGYRO, only the first frequency is considered. In complex eigenvalue analysis, the full
range specified by RSPEED is considered.
3. The following formula is used to populate the set of reference rotor speeds:
Ri ( S1 ( DS ) * i) i 1 to NDS
R1 , R2 , … RNDS represent the set of reference rotor speeds

S1 is the first reference rotor speed
DS is the reference rotor speed increment
NDS is the number of reference rotor speed increments

RSPINR
Bulk Data Entry
RSPINR – Relative Rotor Spin Rates (Rotor Dynamics)
Description
This entry defines the relative spin rates between rotors during a rotor dynamic analysis in
Modal Complex Eigenvalue or Frequency Response solution sequences.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPINR ROTORID GRIDA GRIDB SPDUNIT SPTID
GR ALPHAR1 ALPHAR2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPINR 130 2400 2401 FREQ 200
0.03 5600
ROTORID <Integer > 0> setid Rotor identification number
No default
GRIDA <Integer > 0> GRIDA identifies a grid on the Rotor Line Model.
No default GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin

direction. The vector connecting GRIDA and GRIDB is
the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is
defined using the ROTORG bulk data entry and the
two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the
ROTORG bulk data entry.

GRIDB <Integer > 0> GRIDB identifies a grid on the Rotor Line Model.
No default GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin

direction. The vector connecting GRIDA and GRIDB is
the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is
defined using the ROTORG bulk data entry and the
two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the
ROTORG bulk data entry.
SPDUNIT <RPM, FREQ> RPM: RPM specifies that the relative spin
rates are input in Revolutions Per
(No default) Minute.
FREQ: FREQ specifies that the relative spin

rates are input in revolutions
(cycles) per unit time.
SPTID <Integer > 0/Real> <Integer > 0> If an integer value (must be greater
than 0) is input, it references a
(No default) DDVAL bulk data entry that specifies
the relative rotor spin rates (see
comment 3).
<Real> If a real number is input, the value is

considered constant.
GR <Real> Rotor Structural Damping Factor (see comments 4

and 6).
Default = 0.0
ALPHAR1 <Real> Scale factor applied to the rotor mass matrix for
Rayleigh Damping (see comments 5 and 6).
Default = 0.0

ALPHAR2 <Real> Scale factor applied to the rotor stiffness matrix for
Rayleigh Damping (see comments 5 and 6).
Default = 0.0
Comments
1. A RSPINR entry must exist for each rotor line model defined using the ROTORG bulk data
entry.
2. GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin direction. The vector connecting GRIDA
and GRIDB is the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is defined using the ROTORG bulk
data entry and the two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the ROTORG bulk data
entry.
3. An integer or a real number can be input in the SPTID field. If SPTID is an integer, it
references a DDVAL bulk data entry that specifies the relative rotor spin rates. Each rotor
must be assigned the same number of spin rates. To determine relative spin rates, the
table entries which contain the sequence of spin rates are correlated. The i’th entry for
each rotor corresponds to the relative spin rates between rotors at RPMi/FREQi. The spin
rates for the reference rotor must be specified in ascending or descending order.
4. Rotor structural damping factor (GR) can be incorporated as either equivalent viscous
damping or structural damping depending on the solution sequence.
GR
BRotor structural
K rotor
WR3
Or,
K rotor (1 iGR ) K rotor
Where,
WR3 is a parameter defined by PARAM, WR3

GR is defined as a field on the RSPINR bulk data entry.
The selection depends on the following factors:
Modal frequency response or Complex eigenvalue analysis.

Synchronous or Asynchronous solutions.
Value of PARAM, GYROAVG.
5. The Rayleigh damping value for the rotor is calculated as:
Brotor Rayleigh R1 ( M rotor ) R2 (K rotor )

6. The damping and circulation terms added to the corresponding analysis equations are
listed in the table below. Refer to the Rotor Dynamics section in the User's Guide for
detailed information.
Solution Sequence -
Damping Circulation
Analysis
[ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
Frequency Response i ([ BR ] R1 [ M R ] R 2 [ K R ])
R ( ref ) GR 1
(ASYNC) i (GR[ K R ] [ K 4 R ]) [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
[ BR ] R1 [M R ] R2 [KR ] [ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
Frequency Response i GR 1 R ( ref ) GR 1
(ASYNC + GYROAVG, -1) [KR ] [ K 4R ] [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
WR3 WR 4 WR3 WR 4
[ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
Frequency Response i ([ BR ] R1 [ M R ] R 2 [ K R ])
R ( ) GR 1
(SYNC) i (GR[ K R ] [ K 4 R ]) [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
[ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
R GR 1
[ BR ] R1 [M R ] R2 [KR ] [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
Frequency Response i
(SYNC + GYROAVG, -1)
GR 1
[KR ] [ K 4 R[ B
] C] [ M RC ] [ K RC ]
WR3 WR 4 R R1 R2
R GR 1
[ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
[ BR ] R1 [M R ] R2 [KR ] [ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
Complex Eigenvalue i GR 1 ( ) GR 1
(ASYNC) [KR ] [RK 4 Rref] [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
WR3 WR 4 WR3 WR 4

Solution Sequence -
Damping Circulation
Analysis
[ BRC ] R1 [ M RC ] R2 [ K RC ]
R GR 1
[ BR ] R1 [M R ] R2 [KR ] [ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
Complex Eigenvalue i
(SYNC)
GR 1
[KR ] [ K 4 R[ B
] C] [ M RC ] [ K RC ]
WR3 WR 4 R R1 R2
R GR 1
[ K RC ] [ K 4CR ]
Where,
[ BR ]
is the rotor viscous damping
[M R ]
is the rotor mass
[K R ]
is the rotor stiffness
[ K 4R ]
is the rotor material damping
C
[B ]
R
is the circulation, due to rotor viscous damping
C
[M ] R
is the circulation, due to rotor ‘mass’
[ K RC ]
is the circulation, due to rotor structural ‘stiffness’
C
[K 4 ] R
is the circulation, due to rotor material damping
R1 R2
and are used to define the Rayleigh viscous damping, as follows:
[ BR ]Rayleigh R1 [M R ] R2 [K R ]
WR3 and WR4 are defined by the parameters PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4,
respectively.
7. Rotor damping is cumulative and caution should be exercised when multiple damping
effects are assigned.

RSPLINE
Bulk Data Entry
RSPLINE – Interpolation Constraint Element
Description
Defines multi-point constraints for the interpolation of displacements at grid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPLINE EID D/L G1 G2 C2 G3 C3 G4
C4 G5 C5 G6 … …
… …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSPLINE 73 0.05 27 28 123456 29 30
123 75 123 71
Field Contents
D/L Ratio of the diameter of the elastic tube to the sum of the lengths of all
segments.
G# Grid point identification number.

Field Contents
C# Components to be constrained. See comment 2.
Default = blank (blank or any combination of the Integers 1 through 6)
Comments
1. Displacements are interpolated from the equations of an elastic beam passing through the
grid points. This is a linear method only element.
2. A blank field for C# indicates that all six degrees-of-freedom at G# are independent.
Since G1 must be independent, no field is provided for C1. Since the last grid point must
also be independent, the last field must be a G#, not a C#. For the example shown G1,
G3 and G6 are independent. G2 has six constrained degrees-of-freedom, while G4 and G5
each have three.
3. Dependent (that is constrained) degrees-of-freedom assigned by one rigid element may

not also be assigned dependent by another rigid element or by a multi-point constraint.
4. Degrees-of-freedom declared to be independent by one rigid body element can be made

dependent by another rigid body element or by a multi-point constraint.
5. Rigid elements (including RSPLINE), unlike MPCs, form part of the model and do not need
to be selected from within a subcase definition.
6. Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer problems.
7. The constraint coefficient matrix is affected by the order of the Gi Ci pairs on the RSPLINE
entry. The order of the pairs should be specified in the same order that they appear
along the line that joins the two regions. If this order is not followed, then the RSPLINE
will have folds in it that may yield some unexpected interpolation results.
8. The independent degrees-of-freedom that are the rotation components most nearly
parallel to the line joining the regions should not normally be constrained.
9. The default RSPLINE implementation has larger-than-expected in-plane rotation at the

two RSPLINE end nodes and where RSPLINE have sharp angles. Applying
PARAM,RSPLICOR reduces such rotation and yields better results.

RSSCON
Bulk Data Entry
RSSCON – Shell-to-Solid Element Connector
Description
Defines multi-point constraints to model clamped connections of shell-to-solid elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSSC ON RBID TYPE ES1 EA1 EB1 ES2 EA2 EB2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RSSC ON 110 GRID 11 12 13 14 15 16
Field Contents
RBID Unique element identification number.
TYPE Type of connectivity.
“ELEM” - connection is described with element identification numbers.
“GRID” - connection is described with grid point.
Default = ELEM (GRID or ELEM)
ES1 Shell element identification number if TYPE = “ELEM.”
Shell grid point identification number if TYPE = “GRID.”

Field Contents
EA1 Solid element identification number if TYPE = “ELEM.”
Solid grid point identification number if TYPE = “GRID.”
EB1 Solid grid-point identification number for TYPE = “GRID” only.
ES2 Shell grid-point identification number for TYPE = “GRID” only.
EA2 Solid grid-point identification number for TYPE = “GRID” only.
EB2 Solid grid-point identification number for TYPE = “GRID” only.
Comments
1. RSSCON generates a multipoint constraint that models a clamped connection between a

shell and a solid element. The shell degrees-of- freedom are considered dependent. The
translational degrees-of- freedom of the shell edge are connected to the translational
degrees-of- freedom of the upper and lower solid edge. The rotational degrees-of-
freedom of the shell are connected to the translational degrees-of-freedom of the lower
and upper edges of the solid element face. Poisson’s ratio effects are considered in the
translational degrees-of-freedom.
2. The shell grid point must lie on the line connecting the two solid grid points. It can have
an offset from this line, which can not be more than 5% of the distance between the two
solid grid points. The shell grid points that are out of the tolerance will not be
constrained, and a fatal message will be issued. This tolerance is adjustable. Refer to
PARAM,TOLRSC and PARAM,SEPIXOVR.
3. When using the TYPE = “ELEM” option:
The elements may be first or second order.

When a straight shell element edge and a solid element are connected, the geometry
of the shell edge is not changed to fit the solid face. When a curved shell element
edge and a solid element are connected, the two solid edges and solid face are not
changed to match the shell edge.

It is not recommended to connect more than one shell element to the same solid using
the ELEM option. If attempted, conflicts in the multipoint constraint relations may lead
to UFM 6692.
4. When using TYPE = “GRID” option:
The GRID option does not verify that the grids used are valid shell and/or solid grids.
The GRID option is not recommended for 2nd order elements.
5. It is recommended that the height of the solid element’s face is approximately equal to
the shell element’s thickness of the shell. The shell edge should then be placed in the
middle of the solid face.
6. The shell edge may coincide with the upper or lower edge of the solid face.
7. The RSSCON entry, unlike MPCs, is part of the model and does not need to be selected in
a subcase definition.
8. RSSCON is ignored in heat-transfer problems.

RWALADD
Bulk Data Entry
RWALADD – Rigid Wall Combination for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a rigid wall set as a union of rigid walls defined via RWALL entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RWALADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RWALADD 101 2 3 1 6 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Sj Set identification numbers of rigid wall sets defined via RWALL entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
RWALL=SID.
2. The Sj must be unique and may not be the identification number of a rigid wall set defined
by another RWALADD entry.

3. RWALADD entries take precedence over RWALL entries. If both have the same SID, only
the RWALADD entry will be used.

RWALL
Bulk Data Entry
RWALL – Rigid Wall for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a rigid wall for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RWALL SID RWTYPE SLID GISD1 GSID2 FRIC DIST
G0/X0 Y0 Z0 IFILT FFAC
X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2 DIA
MASS VX VY VZ
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
RWALL 2 PLANE SLIDE 23 5 3
21 2 1
11 24 12
340 7 13 32
Field Contents

Field Contents
RWTYPE Rigid wall type.
PLANE – Infinite plane.

CYL – Infinite cylinder of diameter DIA.
SPHER – Sphere of diameter DIA.
PARAL - Parallelogram.
Default = PLANE (PLANE, CYL, SPHERE, or PARAL)
SLID Flag for sliding.
SLIDE – Sliding.
TIED – Tied.
SLFRIC – Sliding with friction.
Default = SLIDE (SLIDE, TIED, or SLFRIC)
GSID1 Grid set ID defining slave grids to be added to the rigid wall.
(Integer > 0)
GSID2 Grid set ID defining slave grids to be deleted from the rigid wall.
(Integer > 0)
FRIC Friction coefficient (ignored if SLID = TIED, SLIDE).
DIST Distance for slave search (See comment 2).
(Real > 0)
G0 Grid identifier defining M, definition ignores Y0, Z0. Moving rigid wall.
(Integer > 0)
X0, Y0, Z0 Coordinates of a point M defining rigid wall location if G0 not defined.
Rigid wall does not move.
(Real)

Field Contents
1 – Direct user input of filtering coefficient.

2 – Filtering coefficient corresponds to a 3dB filtering level.
3 - Filtering coefficient corresponds to a 3dB filtering level for user
defined frequency (frequency defined in terms of time step number).
X1, Y1, Z1 Coordinates of a point defining M1 for RWTYPE = PLANE, CYL, PARAL.
(Real)
X2, Y2, Z2 Coordinates of a point defining M2 for RWTYPE = PARAL.
(Real)
DIA Diameter for RWTYPE = CYL, SPHER.
(Real > 0)
MASS Mass of moving rigid wall if G0 is defined.
(Real > 0)
VX, VY, VZ Components of initial velocity if G0 is defined.
(Real)
Comments
1. RWALL must be selected in the subcase with RWALL = SID or by RWALADD. It can only
be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS =
NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2. Initially the slave nodes can be defined at a distance lower than DIST.
3. Nodal thickness of rigid wall slave nodes is not taken into account.
4. IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. Friction filtering
slave node in contact are filtered using a simple rule:
F T = α * F'T + (1 - α) * F'T-1

where,
IFILT = 1 – α = FFAC
IFILT = 2 – α = 2 dt * freq, where dt = time step, and freq = FFAC
IFILT = 3 – α = 2 / N, with 1/freq = T = N * dt, and N = FFAC
5. Surface input type
Type Description
PLANE MM1 defines the normal direction.
CYL MM1 defines the axis of the cylinder.
SPHER M is the center of the sphere.
PARAL MM1 and MM2 define the parallelogram with the normal
as cross product MM1 x MM2.
6. This card is represented as a rigid wall in HyperMesh.

SECT
Bulk Data Entry
SECT – Section Definition for Section Force Output in Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a section for force output in geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SEC T SC ID G0 G1 G2 GRSET ELSET IFRAME C ID
DT
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SEC T 2 234 665 723 3 4
Field Contents
SCID Section identification number.
G0, G1, G2 Grid points defining the local axes of the section. G0 and G1 define
the local x-axis while G0, G1, and G3 define the local xy-plane.
GRSET Grid set ID.
ELSET Element set ID. Only sets of SOLID, SHELL, ROD, BAR, and BEAM
elements can be used.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
IFRAME Flag for computing the center of the output coordinate system.
The local system is defined by G0, G1, and G2.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13)
0 – Origin of the local system defined by G0, G1, and G2
1 – Geometrical center of the section grid in the local system

defined by G0, G1, and G2
2 – Center of gravity of the section in the local system defined by

G0, G1, and G2
3 – Origin of the basic system in the local system defined by G0,

G1, and G2
10 – Origin of the basic system
11 – Geometrical center of the section in the basic system
12 – Center of gravity of the section in the basic system
13 – Origin of the basic system
CID Moving coordinate system identifier for automatic definition of a

section. Only CORD1R and CORD3R can be selected (See comment
4).
DT Time step for saving the data.
Default = DTTH defined on XSOM (Real > 0)
Comments
1. SECT output must be selected for time history output with XHIST. It is only available for
geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM,
IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2. Moments are computed with respect to the section center defined by the parameter
IFRAME and expressed in the local section frame.
3. Normal force is the component normal to the XY plane of the section. The tangential
force is the component in the plane of the section.
4. For CID > 0:
G0, G1, G2 blank – the local system of the section is built from the grid points defining
the CORD1R or CORD3R.
The element set is created automatically from the elements intersected by the xy-
plane of CID.

The grid set is created automatically from the grid points of the intersected elements
on the positive z-axis defined by the xy-plane plane of the frame.
5. This card is represented as an interface in HyperMesh.

SENSOR
Bulk Data Entry
SENSOR – Sensor Definition
Description
Defines a sensor for geometric nonlinear analysis. Sensors may be used to activate loads
(see NLOAD1).
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SENSOR SID STYPE DELAY NAC C
Continuation lines if STYPE = ACCEL (number of continuation lines = NACC)
AID1 DIR1 AMIN1 TMIN1
AID2 DIR2 AMIN2 TMIN2
… …
Continuation line if STYPE = DIST
G1 G2 DMIN DMAX
Continuation line if STYPE = SENS, AND, OR
SID1 SID2
Continuation line if STYPE = NOT
SID1
Continuation line if STYPE = INTER
C ID

Continuation line if STYPE = RWAL
RWID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SENSOR 100 AC C EL 1
7 X 500.0 0.03
Field Contents
SID Unique sensor identification number.
STYPE Sensor type. May be one of:
TIME – Start Time

ACCE – Accelerometer
DIST – Nodal distance
SENS – Activation with sensor SID1, deactivation with sensor SID2
INTER – Interface activation and deactivation
RWAL – Rigid wall activation and deactivation
AND – ON as long as sensors SID1 and SID2 are ON
NOT – ON as long as sensor SID1 is OFF
OR – ON as long as sensors SID1 and SID2 are ON
No default (ACCEL, AND, DIST, INTER, NOT, OR, RWAL, SENS, or

TIME)
DELAY Time delay.
(Real > 0)
NACC Number of accelerometers ACCEL.
(0 < Integer < 6)
AID# Accelerometer identifier, references the ID of an ACCLR bulk data

entry.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
DIR# Direction of accelerometer #. May be one of:
X – X direction
Y – Y direction
Z – Z direction
XY – XY plane
YZ – YZ plane
ZX – ZX plane
XYZ – total acceleration
No default (X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, or XYZ)
AMIN# Minimum absolute value for acceleration for accelerometer #.
(Real > 0)
TMIN# Minimum duration of AMIN for accelerometer #.
(Real > 0)
G1 Grid ID 1.
(Integer > 0)
G2 Grid ID 2.
(Integer > 0)
DMIN Distance minimum.
(Real > 0)
DMAX Distance maximum.
(Real > 0)
SID1 Activation sensor identifier, references the ID of another SENSOR

bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
SID2 Deactivation sensor identifier, references the ID of another SENSOR

bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)
CID Contact identifier, references the ID of a CONTACT bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)
RWID Rigid Wall identifier, references the ID of a RWALL bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. A sensor can only be activated once.
2. For STYPE=TIME, the sensor is activated after the time delay (DELAY).
3. For STYPE=ACCE, the sensor is activated if one of the accelerometers gives an

acceleration greater than AMIN during a time greater than TMIN.
The time of activation of the sensor is the time at which the above criteria is first met
plus the time delay (DELAY).
4. For STYPE=DIST, the sensor is activated once the distance between G1 and G2 moves
outside the allowable range (between DMIN and DMAX).
The time of activation of the sensor is the time at which the above criteria is first met,
plus the time delay (DELAY).
5. For STYPE=SENS, the sensor is activated once the referenced sensor SID1 is activated.
The minimum activation duration is given by the time delay (DELAY). After this minimum
activation duration, the sensor is deactivated if referenced sensor SID2 is activated. If
there is no SID2 referenced, then the sensor is deactivated after the time delay.

6. For STYPE=AND, the sensor is activated once both the referenced sensors (SID1 and
SID2) are activated.
7. For STYPE=OR, the sensor is activated once either of the referenced sensors (SID1 or
SID2) are activated.
8. For STYPE=NOT, the sensor is active whenever the referenced sensor SID1 is not active.

9. For STYPE=INTER, the sensor is activated once the referenced contact (CID) is impacted.
The sensor is deactivated if there is no impact during a time equal to the time delay
(DELAY).
10. For STYPE=RWAL, the sensor is activated once the referenced rigid wall (RWID) is
impacted. The sensor is deactivated if there is no impact during a time equal to the time
delay (DELAY).

SET
Bulk Data Entry
SET – Set Definition
Description
Defines a set of grids, elements, design variables, MBD entities, mode numbers, frequencies or
times for reference by other input definitions.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET SID TYPE SUBTYPE/

OPERATOR
ID1/ ID2/ ID3/ ID4/ ID5/ ID6/ ID7/ ID8/

MODE1/ MODE2/ MODE3/ MODE4/ MODE5/ MODE6/ MODE7/ MODE8/
REAL1/ REAL2/ REAL3/ REAL4/ REAL5/ REAL6/ REAL7/ REAL8/
NAME1/ NAME2/ NAME3/ NAME4/ NAME5/ NAME6/ NAME7/ NAME8/
SID1/ SID2/ SID3/ SID4/ SID5/ SID6/ SID7 SID8
X1/G1/ Y1 Z1 X2/G2 Y2 Z2
ALL
ID9/ … … … … … … …
MODE9/
REAL9/
NAME9/
SID9
… …
Alternate Format for ID Ranges
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET SID TYPE SUBTYPE
ID1 THRU ID2 EXC EPT ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6
ID7 … ENDTHRU

Example 1
The following set contains the grids 1, 17, 22, 23, 29, 33, 35, 48, 88, 93 and 102. It is
defined using a simple ID list (assuming that these GRID cards are present in the Bulk
Data).
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 56 GRID LIST
88 93 17 1 23 29 35 48
33 102 22
Example 2
The following set contains the elements 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33,
34, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 94, 95, 96. 97, 98, 99, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110,
111, 120, 121 and 125. It is defined using a combination of ID ranges and lists.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 56 ELEM LIST
11 THRU 22
33 THRU 45 EXC EPT 39 40
94 THRU 111 EXC EPT 100 101 102 103
104 105 ENDTHR

U
120 121 125
Example 3
The following set includes any element included in sets 29, 30 or 31. It is defined as
Boolean set.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 50 ELEM OR
29 30 31
Example 4
The following set defines GRID/Component list; intended for use by PFMODE.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 11 GRIDC
12 T1 15 R2 128 T3
Example 5
The following set defines list of strings.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 11 LABEL
LABEL1 LABEL2 TOP UPPER LOWER LEFT
Example 6
The following set defines list of all elements with specific properties.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET 11 ELEM PROP EXC EPT PHSELL
1 12 15 thru 128 555
Example 7

The following set outputs all of the grids on PLOTEL.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET ID GRID ELTYPE
PLOTEL
Field Contents
SID Unique set identification number. See comment 1.
TYPE Identifies what type of entities the set is comprised of. See comment 2
for description of the types.
No default (GRID, ELEM, RIGID, GRIDC, DESVAR, MODE, FREQ, TIME,

LABEL or PLY)
SUBTYPE Indicates how the set is defined. See comment 2 for description of
subtypes.
Default = LIST (LIST, BBOX, PROP, MAT or ELTYPE)
OPERATOR Operators supported in defining Boolean sets (see comments 4, 5, and

6.)
No default (OR, AND, NOT, MINUS)
ID# ID list. Only valid for certain combinations of TYPE and SUBTYPE. The
entity to which the ID corresponds depends on the TYPE and SUBTYPE
of the set (see comment 2).
ID ranges may be used in combination with ID lists. The keywords

EXCEPT and THRU are used to define ID ranges. The keyword ENDTHRU
identifies the end of an ID range and is required if an ID list is to follow
where the first value is within the previous range.
ID lists following EXCEPT must be in ascending order and must exist

within the previous range.
MODE# Mode number list. Only valid when TYPE is MODE (see comment 2).
Mode number ranges may be used in combination with Mode number

lists. The same rules apply as for ID ranges.

Field Contents
REAL# Real value list. Only valid when TYPE is FREQ or TIME (see comment
2).
No default (Real)
NAME# Keyword list. Only valid for certain combinations of TYPE and SUBTYPE.
The keyword EXCEPT is allowed only as the first entry in a keyword list.
Default = Undefined (see comment 2)
SID# Identification number of another SET definition. Used in defining Boolean

sets. Only valid when OPERATOR is defined in SUBTYPE/OPERATOR field
(see comments 4, 5, 6, and 7).
No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>)
X1, Y1, Z1 X, Y & Z coordinates of two opposing corners of a cuboid. Only valid
X2, Y2, Z2 when SUBTYPE is BBOX (see comment 2).
No default (Real)
G1, G2 Grid ID’s (G1, G2) can be used instead of (X1, Y1, Z1), (X2, Y2, Z2)
data (see field descriptions above). G1, G2 should be defined in the
basic coordinate system (CP field on the GRID entries should be blank).
ALL Keyword used for ID lists to indicate that all IDs of the appropriate
entity type are to be included in the set.
Only valid in first field of ID list.
May be followed by keyword EXCEPT (see below).
THRU Keyword used for ID ranges to indicate that all IDs between the
preceding ID and the following ID are to be included in the set.
Definition of range may contain list of exceptions in the following form:
N1 THRU N2 EXCEPT N3 N4 ... ENDTHRU
where N1 < N3 < N4... < N2; N1 < N2
EXCEPT Keyword used for ID ranges and keyword lists to indicate that the
following IDs or keywords are to be excluded from the set.
Only valid in first field for keyword lists.
When ALL is given as the first entry for an ID list, EXCEPT may be given
as the second entry, in which case all subsequent IDs are excluded from
the set of ALL entities of the defined TYPE.

Field Contents
ENDTHRU Optional keyword used after EXCEPT to indicate the end of an excluded
ID list definition.
Comments
1. SID must be unique with respect to all other SET definitions (regardless of type). It must
also be unique with respect to any SURF entries and any legacy SET/PSET I/O Options
definitions.
2. The following table describes subtype combinations and the set TYPEs for which they are
valid.
TYPE SUBTYPE Description
GRID LIST This is a set of grids - structural grids (GRID) or scalar

or points (SPOINT) - defined either as a simple list of grid
undefined IDs, or as some combination of ranges of grid IDs and
lists of grid IDs.
BBOX This is a set of grids defined by a bounding box. The

fields X1, Y1, and Z1 provide the coordinates of one
corner and X2, Y2, and Z2 the coordinates of an
opposing corner of a cuboid. All grids contained within
this cuboid are included in the set.
The bounding box can also be defined using the G1 and

G2 fields instead of (X1, Y1, and Z1) and (X2, Y2, and
Z2), respectively.
ELEM LIST This is a set of elements defined either as a simple list of

or element IDs, or as some combination of ranges of
undefined element IDs and lists of element IDs.
BBOX This is a set of elements defined by a bounding box. The

fields X1, Y1, and Z1 provide the coordinates of one
corner and X2, Y2, and Z2 the coordinates of an
opposing corner of a cuboid. All elements whose
centroids are contained within this cuboid are included in
the set.
The bounding box can also be defined using the G1 and

G2 fields instead of (X1, Y1, and Z1) and (X2, Y2, and
Z2), respectively.
PROP This is a set of elements defined in one of the following

ways:
1. Through a list of property IDs, or some combination

of ranges of property IDs and lists of property IDs.

If multiple properties have the same ID (as PBAR and
PSHELL may), they are all considered. All elements
referencing the selected properties are included in
the set.
2. Through a list of property types. All elements

referencing properties of the listed type (PBAR,
PCOMP, PSHELL, and so on) are included in the set.
3. Through a list of excluded property types. All

elements except those referencing properties of the
listed type, following the keyword EXCEPT, are
included in the set.
4. List of property types or list of excluded property

types may be followed by some combination of
ranges of property IDs and lists of property IDs. All
elements referencing properties satisfying both
requirements (type and ID) are included in (or
accepted from) the set.
MAT This is a set of elements defined through a list of

material IDs, or some combination of ranges of material
IDs and lists of material IDs. All elements referencing
properties, that in turn reference the selected materials,
are included in the set.
ELTYPE This is a set of elements defined in one of the following

ways:
1. Through a list of element types. All elements of the

listed type (CQUAD4, CHEXA, CBEAM, and so on) are
included in the set.
2. Through a list of excluded element types. All

elements except those of the listed type, following
the keyword EXCEPT, are included in the set.
In addition to all valid element types, the following

element type groupings may be used:
SOLID for CTETRA, CPYRA, CPENTA and CHEXA

elements referencing structural property
definitions
FLAT for CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3 and CTRIA6

elements.

SHELL for FLAT elements referencing properties

with non-zero MID2.
MEMBRANE for FLAT elements referencing properties

with zero MID2.
BEAM for CBAR and CBEAM elements.
ROD for CONROD and CROD elements.
FLUID for CTETRA, CPYRA, CPENTA and CHEXA

elements referencing fluid property
definitions.
For rigid elements (RROD, RBAR, RBE1, RBE2 and RBE3).

See RIGID below.
RIGID LIST This is a set of Rigid elements defined either as a simple

or list of Rigid element IDs, or as a combination of ranges of
undefined Rigid element IDs and lists of Rigid element IDs.
GRIDC LIST This is a set of GRID/Component pairs.

or
undefined
DESVAR LIST This is a set of design variables defined either as a

or simple list of design variable IDs, or as some combination
undefined of ranges of design variable IDs and lists of design
variable IDs.
MODE LIST This is a set of mode numbers defined as a simple list of

or mode numbers, or as some combination of ranges of
undefined mode numbers and lists of mode numbers.
FREQ LIST This is a set of real values representing frequencies

or defined simply as a list of real values.
undefined
TIME LIST This is a set of real values representing times defined

or simply as a list of real values.
undefined
LABEL LIST List of arbitrary labels. Each label must start with a
or letter and contain only letters or digits.
undefined

PLY LIST This is a set of ply ID’s defined in the PLY or PCOMPG
or data entries.
undefined
3. SET definitions using IDs may refer to non-existing entities. This is allowed, but the
actual SET will contain only grids or elements which are actually present in the structure.
4. The Boolean operators OR, AND, NOT and MINUS are recognized for SET combinations.
These operators are described here:
Operator Description
OR An entity is included in the SET if it is included in at least one of the

constituent sets. Is the entity in set1 or set2 or set3 …?
AND An entity is included in the SET if it is included in all of the listed sets. Is
the entity in set1 and set2 and set3 …?
NOT An entity is included in the SET if it is not included in the listed set. Is
the entity in set1?; if not then it is included in this set.
Only one set may be listed for the NOT operator.
MINUS An entity is included in the SET if it is included in the first set, but not in
the second set. Only two sets may be listed for when this operator is
used.
5. Boolean SET definitions can only be used when all listed sets are of the same TYPE.
6. Boolean SET definitions can reference other Boolean sets, but circular references must be
avoided. Boolean SET can be defined only for GRID, ELEM, or RIGID set types.
references” on SET entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)
contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the BEGIN bulk data entry
The SET bulk data entry can be used in the global part to reference SET’s defined within
different parts. These SET entries in the global part can contain fully qualified references
to part-specific SET data only if logical operators (OPERATOR field) are used. For
example:
The following SET entry exists in part “A”:

BEGIN, FEMODEL, A
SET, 29, ELEM, LIST

15 THRU 30
…
END, FEMODEL, A
Referencing SET, 29 in the global part “G”:

BEGIN, FEMODEL, G
SET, 78, ELEM, OR
A.29
…
END, FEMODEL, G

SET1
Bulk Data Entry
SET1 – Set Definition
Description
Defines a list of structural grid points or element identification numbers.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET1 SID ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7
ID8 etc.
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET1 3 31 62 93 124 16 17 18
19
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET1 6 29 32 THRU 50 61 THRU 70
17 57
Field Contents
SID Unique identification number.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
IDi List of structural grid point or element identification numbers.
(Integer > 0 or "THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT"; for the "THRU" option,
ID1 < ID2)
Comments
1. When using "THRU," missing ID's are ignored.
2. All set ID’s must be unique for all bulk data SET, SET1, SET3, and solution control SET
data.
3. The use of keywords THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT are allowed.

SET3
Bulk Data Entry
SET3 – Set Definition
Description
Defines a set of grids or elements.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET3 SID TYPE ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6
ID7 ID8 etc.
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET3 1 PROP 11 12 13 15 18 21
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SET3 SID TYPE ID1 "THRU" ID2
SET3 33 GRID 20 THRU 60
Field Contents
SID Unique identification number.
(Integer > 0)
TYPE Set type (Character). Valid options include "GRID," "ELEM," and "PROP."

Field Contents
IDi Identifiers of grid points, elements, or properties.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. If the set type is PROP, then a list of elements associated with the property ID's listed is
created.
2. All set ID’s must be unique for all bulk data SET, SET1, SET3, and solution control SET
data.
3. The use of keywords THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT are allowed.

SLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
SLOAD – Static Scalar Load
Description
Defines concentrated static loads on scalar, grid or fluid points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SLOAD SID S1 F1 S2 F2 S3 F3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SLOAD 21 3 4.5 4 29.0
Field Contents
S# Identification number of a scalar, grid or fluid point.
F# Load magnitude.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. SLOAD may be referenced as the EXCITEID on an ACSRCE bulk data entry.
2. Up to three loads may be defined on a single entry.

SOLVTYP
Bulk Data Entry
SOLVTYP – Solver Selection for Static Analysis and Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define the solver type to be used for linear and nonlinear
static analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SOLVTYP SID SOLVER
Continuation line for SOLVER = PCG, MIXED and AUTO
PC ON MAXIT ITOL TOL
Continuation line for SOLVER = MUMPS
ORDM
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SOLVTYP 4 PC G
FAI
Alternate Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SOLVTYP 1 MUMPS

PORD
Field Contents
SOLVER Indicates the solver to be used. See comments 2, 3 and 4.
BCS – Boeing Solver (direct solver).
MUMPS – MUMPS Solver (direct solver).
PCG - Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (iterative solver).
MIXED – Mixed solver using both BCS and PCG.
AUTO – Select automatic between BCS and PCG.
Default = BCS - for linear static analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit
dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN);
Default = MIXED - for geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis

(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM).
PCON Indicates the type of pre-conditioner to be used.
NO - No Pre-conditioner
DJ - Diagonal Jacobi
ICH - Incomplete Cholesky
SICH - Stabilized Incomplete Cholesky
FAI - Factored Approximate Inverse
Default = FAI (Character)
MAXIT Maximum number of iterations
Default = Number of degrees-of-freedom of the system (Integer > 0 or

blank)
ITOL Convergence criteria for preconditioned iterative solver.
RROM - Relative residual of original matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||b||
RRPM1 - Relative residual of preconditioned matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||

Field Contents
b||
RRPM2 - Relative residual of preconditioned matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||

A|| * ||x||
If the solver solves Ax = b, the residual is r = Ax - b.
Default = RRPM2 (Character)
TOL Convergence tolerance.
Default = 1.0e-5 for ITOL = RROM, RRPM1 or

single precision machine precision (3.0e-8) for ITOL = RRPM2 (Real > 0
or blank)
ORDM Ordering method for the MUMPS solver (see comments 8 and 9).
AMD – Approximate minimum degree method (AMD)
PORD – PORD package
METIS – METIS package
AUTO – Automatically select between PORD and METIS.
Default = METIS (Character)
Comments
1. SOLVTYP bulk data must be referenced by a SOLVTYP subcase statement. It only applies
to linear static subcases, geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM)
and geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS=IMPDYN).
2. In optimization of linear static subcases, if iterative solver is selected, and if the

responses DRESP1, RTYPE = DISP, LAMA, STRESS, STRAIN, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN,
CFAILURE, or FORCE are present the solver is automatically reverted to the direct solver.
3. MUMPS is the default non-symmetric solver for nonlinear contact analysis when friction is
present; it is also available as an optional symmetric solver for static runs. MUMPS is SMP
parallelized. Generally, MUMPS performance is similar to or better than the performance of
BCS, especially for 2D models.
MUMPS stands for “Multifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver”.
For more details, see http://graal.ens-lyon.fr/MUMPS/index.php?page=home
4. Overview of default settings and options for the SOLVER field:

SOLVER SOLVER SOLVER SOLVER SOLVER
Subcase type
=BCS =MUMPS =PCG =MIXED =AUTO
Linear static Default Optional Optional N/A N/A

analysis
Nonlinear static Default Optional N/A N/A N/A

analysis
Nonlinear contact Optional Default N/A N/A N/A

analysis (when
friction is
present)
Geometric Optional N/A Optional Default Optional

nonlinear implicit
static analysis
(NLGEOM)
Geometric Default N/A Optional Optional Optional

nonlinear implicit
dynamic analysis
(IMPDYN)
5. The iterative solver is a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. A Factored

Approximate Inverse Preconditioner is the default method. This solver is also SMP
parallelized.
6. The performance of the iterative solver depends on the conditioning of the stiffness
matrix. For compact solid models, the iterative solver may perform considerably better
than the direct solver in terms of memory usage and elapsed times for a single linear
static subcase. In the case of multiple linear static subcases, the iterative solver may
perform worse than the direct solver. The breakeven point is at about 4-6 subcases.
The performance depends on model, hardware, operating system, and potentially the
system load. The performance may be below expectations on Itanium-based computers.
7. When the automatic solver option (SOLVER = AUTO) has been chosen, PCG is used first,
the solver will be changed automatically to direct solver (BCS) if PCG performance is
estimated slower than direct solver. In this case, direct solver will be used for the
remainder of the run.
8. ORDM = PORD provides better performance for a shell-type model.
9. For further information about the MUMPS solver ordering method (ORDM) options, refer to
the MUMPS 4.10 manual.

SPC
Bulk Data Entry
SPC – Single-Point Constraint
Description
Defines sets of single-point constraints, enforced displacements for static analysis, and
thermal boundary conditions for heat transfer analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC SID G C D G C D
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC 2 32 436 0.0
Field Contents
SID Identification number of single-point constraint set.
(Integer > 0)
G Grid or scalar point identification number.
(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>)
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to six unique digits (0 < digit <
6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
D Value of enforced displacement for all coordinates designated by G and C.
(Real)
Comments


Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, or RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced in the same
subcase.
2. Single-point forces of constraint are recovered during stress data recovery.
3. Up to twelve single-point constraints may be defined on a single entry.
4. Continuations are not allowed.
5. SPC degrees-of-freedom may be redundantly specified as permanent constraints on the

GRID entry.
6. For static analyses, SPCs can be used to define enforced displacements.
7. For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O
option is set to CHECK (default) or STRICT, it is required for grid/component pairs (G#/
C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a scalar point (SPOINT),
and that the component be > 1 when the grid reference is a structural grid point (GRID).
When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is allowed for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the
grid reference be either a scalar point (SPOINT) or a structural grid point (GRID) when the
structural grids. When the component is greater than 1, the grid reference must always
8. For linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, an SPC may be used to define a
temperature boundary condition. For thermal boundary conditions, the component should
be 0 or blank when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to
CHECK(default) or STRICT. When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED 1 is also accepted as the
component.
references” on SPC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)

SPC1
Bulk Data Entry
SPC1 – Single-Point Constraint, Alternate Form
Description
Defines sets of single-point constraints and thermal boundary conditions.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC 1 SID C G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 -etc.-
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC 1 SID C G1 "thru" G2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC 1 3 2 7 3 10 9 6 5
THRU 8 33 71
SPC 1 2 2 87 “thru” 100
Field Contents
SID Identification number of single-point constraint set.
(Integer > 0)

C Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to six unique digits (0 < digit <
6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
(Integer > 0)
Comments
Included in another single-point constraint (SPC or SPC1).

Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, or RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced in the same
subcase.
2. Note that enforced displacements are not available via this entry.
3. Any number of continuations may appear.
lines.
5. SPC degrees-of-freedom may be redundantly specified as permanent constraints on the

GRID entry.
7. For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O
option is set to CHECK (default) or MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided
for a given component, that the grid references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or
structural grid points (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these
as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT, it
is required for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the
grid references are to scalar points (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the
grid references are to structural grid points (GRID). When the component is greater than
1, the grid references must always be a structural grid (GRID).
8. For linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, SPC1 may be used to define temperature
boundary conditions; however, unless paired with an SPCD entry, the enforced
temperature is 0.0. For thermal boundary conditions, the component should be 0 or blank
when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or
STRICT. When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, 1 is also accepted as the component.

SPCADD
Bulk Data Entry
SPCADD – Single-Point Constraint Set Combination
Description
Defines a single-point constraint set as a union of single-point constraint sets defined via SPC
or SPC1 entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC ADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 -etc-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC ADD 101 3 2 9 1
Field Contents
SID Identification number for new single-point constraint set.
(Integer > 0)
Si Identification numbers of single-point constraint sets defined via SPC or SPC1

entries.
Comments
1. The Si field should not reference the identification number of a single-point constraint set
defined by another SPCADD entry.
2. The Si values must be unique.

3. SPCADD entries take precedence over SPC or SPC1 entries. If both have the same set
ID, only the SPCADD entry is used.
4. If all Si are non-existent the solver will exit with an error termination.
references” on SPCADD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference

SPCD
Bulk Data Entry
SPCD – Enforced Motion Value
Description
Defines an enforced displacement value for static analysis, an enforced displacement, velocity
or acceleration for dynamic analysis and a thermal boundary condition for heat transfer (or
transient heat transfer) analysis. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude
“A”) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC D SID G C D G C D
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPC D 100 32 436 -2.6 5 1 +2.9
Field Contents
SID Identification number of a static load set.
(Integer > 0)
G Grid or scalar point identification number.
C Component numbers in the global coordinate system.
(6 > Integer > 0; up to six unique such digits may be placed in the field with
no embedded blanks)
D Value of enforced motion for all grids and components designated by G and
C.

Field Contents
(Real)
Comments
1. The degree-of-freedom (G and C) referenced on this entry must also be referenced on an

SPC or SPC1 bulk data entry and selected by the SPC subcase information command in
the same subcase.
2. For use in linear static and linear steady state heat transfer analyses, the load set
identification number must be selected by the LOAD subcase information command.
3. Values of D will override the values specified on an SPC bulk data entry if selected for use
in the same subcase.
4. For use in dynamic analysis, the load set identification number must be referenced by the
EXCITEID field of an RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 bulk data entry that has
enforced motion specified in its TYPE field.
5. The bulk data LOAD combination entry cannot combine an SPCD load.
6. This method of applying enforced displacements in static analysis is equivalent to that of

using an SPC entry. For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on
the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or STRICT, it is required for grid/
component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a
scalar point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid reference is a
structural grid point (GRID). When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is allowed for grid/
component pairs (G#/C#) that the grid reference be either a scalar point (SPOINT) or a
structural grid point (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these
as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When the component is greater than
1, the grid reference must always be a structural grid (GRID).
7. The SPCD units for rotational degrees of freedom is radians.
8. For use in transient heat transfer analysis, the load set identification number must be
referenced by the EXCITEID field of a TLOAD1 or TLOAD2 bulk data entry that has
enforced temperature specified in its TYPE field (TYPE = 1).
references” on SPCD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (“PartName.number”)

SPOINT
Bulk Data Entry
SPOINT – Scalar-Point
Description
Defines scalar points.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPOINT ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7 ID8
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPOINT ID1 "THRU" ID2
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SPOINT 3 18 1 4 16 2 6 THRU
8 47 99 THRU 128
Field Contents
ID# Scalar point identification number.
No default (0 < Integer)
Comments
1. A scalar point defined by its appearance on the connection entry for a scalar element
(see the CELAS, CMASS, and CDAMP entries) need not appear on an SPOINT entry.

2. All scalar point identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other scalar and
grid points.
3. This entry is used primarily to define scalar points appearing in single-point or multipoint
constraint equations to which no scalar elements are connected.
4. If the alternate format is used, all scalar points ID1 through ID2 are defined. ID1 must be
less than ID2.
5. Alternate format can be combined with regular format, and it can span across
continuation lines.
6. This card is represented as a node in HyperMesh.

STACK
Bulk Data Entry
STACK – Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the stacking information and stacking sequence for ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STAC K ID LAM PLYID1 PLYID2 PLYID3 PLYID4 PLYID5 PLYID6
PLYID7 …
Optional continuation lines for substack definitions:
SUB SID1 SNAME1 SPLYID1 SPLYID1 SPLYID1 SPLYID1 SPLYID1

1 2 3 4 5
SPLYID1 SPLYID1 ... ... ... ... ...

6 7
... ...
Optional continuation lines for interface definitions:
INT IPLYID11 IPLYID12
Example 1
Defines a stack consisting of 8 plies with the SMEAR option
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STAC K 1 SMEAR 1010100 1020100 1010200 1020200 1010300 1020300
1010400 1020400
Example 2

Defines a stack with substack and interface information. They ply layout is shown below.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
STAC K 2
SUB 1 top 11 12 13 14
SUB 2 left 21 22 23 24
SUB 3 right 31 32 33 34
SUB 4 middle 41 42 43
INT 14 21
INT 14 31
INT 21 41
INT 43 31

Field Contents
ID Unique stack identification number.
LAM Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness terms are
developed. The following options are supported:
SYM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up need to be
specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the
top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom
to top.
MEM: All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms are developed.
BEND: All plies must be specified, but only bending terms are developed.
SMEAR: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is
set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4,
TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero.
SMEARZ0: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored. While the
laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized (smeared)
material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account. Hence, if Z0 is
not equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will include MID1,
MID2 and MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no transverse shear
deformation is considered.
SMCORE: All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core properties and
the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The face sheet
properties are calculated without regard for stacking sequence; half of
the total face sheet thickness is then placed on top of the core, and
half is placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric laminate.
Stiffness of the core is ignored while its density is included in inertia
calculations.
SYMEM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up need to be
to top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full laminate.
SYBEND: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up need to be
to top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate.
SYSMEAR: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up need to be

Field Contents
to top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to MID2
on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and 12I/
T**3 are set to zero.
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND, SMEAR,
SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)
PLYID# PLY identification number.
SUB SUB flag indicating that substack data is to follow.
SID# Substack identification number.
SNAME Substack user-defined name.

#
SPLYID PLY identification number.

#
INT INT flag indicating that interface data is to follow.
IPLYID# PLY identification number.
Comments
1. The STACK card is used in combination with the PCOMPP and PLY cards to create
2. Plies are listed from the bottom surface upward, in respect to the element’s normal
direction. In the image below, (a) shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate, and (b) shows the stacking sequence for a symmetrical laminate.

4. Multiple instances of substack and interface continuations are allowed.
5. This card is represented as a laminate in HyperMesh.

SUPORT
Bulk Data Entry
SUPORT – Fictitious Support
Description
Defines determinate reaction degrees-of-freedom in a free body.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SUPORT ID1 C1 ID2 C2 ID3 C3 ID4 C4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SUPORT 16 215
Field Contents
ID# Grid point identification number.
C# Component numbers.
No default (Any unique combination, with no embedded blanks, of

the integers 1 through 6 for grid points; or 0 for scalar points)
Comments
1. The SUPORT entry specifies reference degrees-of-freedom for rigid body motion. It is not
intended to be used in place of a constraint (SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry, for
example).
2. SUPORT and/or SUPORT1 entries are required to activate inertia relief unless PARAM,
INREL, -2 is specified, then SUPORT and/or SUPORT1 entries are not required.
3. Be careful not to spell SUPORT with two Ps.

4. Degrees-of-freedom specified on this entry cannot be defined as dependent degrees-of-
freedom in rigid body element or constrained in SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry.
5. An alternative to SUPORT is the SUPORT1 entry, which is requested by the SUPORT1 I/O
Options and Subcase Information command.

SUPORT1
Bulk Data Entry
SUPORT1 – Fictitious Support, Alternate Form
Description
Defines determinate reaction degrees-of-freedom in a free body. The SUPORT1 bulk data
entry must be requested in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections by the SUPORT1
data selection command.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SUPORT1 SID ID1 C1 ID2 C2 ID3 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SUPORT1 5 16 215
Field Contents
SID Set identification number. See comment 1.
ID# Grid point identification number.
C# Component numbers.
No default (Any unique combination, with no embedded blanks, of the

integers 1 through 6 for grid points; or 0 for scalar points)

Comments
1. SUPORT1 bulk data entries will not be used unless specifically selected in a subcase
definition by the SUPORT1 subcase information entry.
2. SUPORT bulk data entries are applied in all subcases.
3. The SUPORT1 bulk data entry must be requested in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections by the SUPORT1 data selection command. The degrees-of-freedom
specified on SUPORT1 will be combined with those on the SUPORT entry.
4. Be careful not to spell SUPORT with two Ps.
5. Degrees of freedom specified on this entry cannot be defined as dependent degrees-of-

freedom in rigid body element or constrained in SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry.

SURF
Bulk Data Entry
SURF – Surface Definition
Description
Defines a face of a 2D or 3D element as part of a surface.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SURF SRFID ELFAC E
EID1 GA1 GB1 NORMAL1
EID2 GA2 GB2 NORMAL2
EID3 ... ... ...
... ...
Alternative Format (faceted surface)
In this format, surface is represented as collection of 3- or 4-noded polygons (facets). Each

facet is defined by 3 or 4 GRID IDs.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SURF SRFID FAC E
GA1 GB1 GC 1 GD1
GA2 GB2 GC 2 GD2
GA3 ... ... ...
... ...

Alternative Format (SET Format)
A surface may also be defined using a form of the SET bulk data entry. With this approach,
the surface is composed of all selected 2D elements and the external faces of all selected 3D
elements; that is, those faces that are not connected to any other 3D elements faces in the
model.
To use this format, the SURF keyword is used in place of the SET keyword and the TYPE must
be ELEM. All methods for defining a set of type ELEM are valid for this form of surface
definition. Refer to the SET bulk data entry.
Field Contents
SRFID Surface identification number.
ELFACE Flag indicating that the surface is composed of an element face.
EID# 2D or 3D element identification number.
GA# Identification number of a grid point at the corner of the desired face of a
3D element.
This field must be blank for 2D elements.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank)
GB# Optional grid point identification number. Used to identify face of 3D

elements. See comment 1.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank)
NORMAL Identifies the normal direction for a face of the surface. The normal of a
face of a surface may be different from the normal of the underlying
elements.
0: normal matches the normal of the underlying element. For 3D elements,

this is pointing into the element.
1: normal direction is opposite of the underlying element. For 3D elements,

this is pointing out of the element.
Comments
1. GB is used to identify faces of solid elements based on the following table:

For HEXA elements: Identification number of a grid point at a corner of the desired
face that is diagonally opposite GA.
For PENTA elements: Quad faces: Identification number of a grid point at a corner of
the desired face that is diagonally opposite GA.
Tria faces: Leave blank.
For TETRA Identification number of a grid point at the corner opposite the
elements: desired face.
For PYRA elements: Quad faces: Leave blank
Tria faces: GA and GB must specify the grids on the edge of the
face that borders the quadrilateral face, and the
grids must be ordered so that they define an inward
normal using the right hand rule.
2. This card is represented as a contactsurface in HyperMesh.

SWLDPRM
Bulk Data Entry
SWLDPRM – Parameters for CWELD and CSEAM Connector Elements
Description
Defines values of parameters used during the CWELD and CSEAM connectivity search.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SWLDPR PARAM1 VAL1 PARAM2 VAL2 PARAM3 VAL3 PARAM4 VAL4

M
PARAM5 VAL5 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SWLDPRM GSPROJ 15.0 PRTSW 1
Alternate Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SWLDPR PARAM1 VAL1 PARAM2 VAL2 C TYPE1 PARAM3 VAL3 PARAM4

M
VAL4 C TYPE2 PARAM5 VAL5 PARAM6 VAL6 PARAM7 VAL7
-etc.-
Example (Alternate Format)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
SWLDPRM GSPROJ 15.0 PRTSW 1 C WELD GSMOVE 2 NREDIA
3 PROJTO 0.03 C SEAM C NRAGLI 150.0 GSPROJ 20.0

L
SHOWAU 1
X
Field Contents
PARAM# Name of parameter.
VAL# Value of parameter
CTYPE Connector type keyword to control the element specific parameters.

Parameters following a keyword will only be applied to the element type
specified by the keyword.
Supported connector types: CWELD or CSEAM
While textual values are recommended for clarity, their integer equivalents will
also be read. The available parameters and their values are listed below (click
the parameter name for parameter descriptions).
Parameter Value
CHKRUN NO, 0, YES, or 1

Default = NO
CNRAGLI 90.0 < Real < 160.0 or -1.0

Default = 160.0
CNRAGLO 0.0 < Real < 90.0 or -1.0

Default = 20.0
GMCHK NO, 0, YES, 1, FULL, or 2

Default = NO
GSMOVE Integer > 0

Default = 0

Parameter Value
GSPROJ 0.0 < Real < 90.0 or -1.0

Default = 20.0
GSTOL Real > 0.0

Default = 0.0
NREDIA O < Integer < 4

Default = 0
PROJTOL 0.0 < Real < 0.5

Default = 0.05
PRTSW NO, 0, YES, or 1

Default = NO
SHOWAUX 0, 1, 2, 3
Default = 0
Comments
1. The SWLDPRM entry changes the default settings of parameters for the CWELD and
CSEAM connectivity entries. None of the parameters of this entry are required. The
default settings should be changed only for diagnostic and debug purposes. Only one
SWLDPRM entry is allowed in the bulk data section.
2. Connectivities are created for the CSEAM element and for the CWELD element with
PARTPAT, ELPAT, ELEMID and GRIDID formats. With the parameters on this entry, you
can debug and alter the search algorithm which creates these connector elements.
3. Before the presence of any keyword of the connector, that is CWELD and CSEAM, the
parameter set on the entry will be regarded as “global,” and it will be applied to all of the
connector elements unless it only serves a specific type of connector.
4. Any parameter following a connector keyword will only be applied to the element type
specified by the keyword until the presence of another keyword.
5. Blank fields are allowed in this entry. However, blank fields are not allowed between the
parameter name and the corresponding parameter value or between the connector
keyword and the parameter name followed. If the parameter name or the connector
keyword is located just before the continuation field, then the following content must be
placed in the first field after the continuation marker.
6. Further detailed information about the individual connector elements can be found on the
pertinent CWELD and CSEAM bulk data entries.
7. Some of the above parameters apply only to selected connector types. Such information
is provided within the detailed description of individual parameters.

SWLDPRM, CHKRUN
CHKRUN NO, 0, YES, or 1 Stop or allow the run after the connectivities of all the
connector elements have been generated. This
Default = NO parameter must be global, meaning it should be placed
before the presence of the first connector keyword.
If NO or 0, the solver will run to completion, unless other

errors are present.
If YES or 1, the solver will stop after connectivity of all

connector elements has been checked.

SWLDPRM, CNRAGLI
CNRAGLI 90.0 < Real < 180.0 For CSEAM element only. Minimum angle allowed
or -1.0 between the free edges (no other element shares
these edges) of shell elements EIDSA and EIDEA or
Default = 160.0 EIDSB and EIDEB. The CSEAM element will be rejected
if this minimum angle is violated. See the following
figure.
If α < CNRAGLI, this CSEAM element is rejected (for

clarity suppose that the bold lines are the only couple
of free edges, while the others are connected with
shell elements not shown in this figure).
If CNRAGLI is set to -1.0, the program will skip the

checking of CNRAGLI.

SWLDPRM, CNRAGLO
CNRAGLO 0.0 < Real < 90.0 For CSEAM element only. Maximum angle allowed
or -1.0 between the normal vectors of EIDSA and EIDEA or
EIDSB and EIDEB. The CSEAM element will not be
Default = 20.0 generated if the angle between these two normal
vectors is greater than the value of CNRAGLO. This
prevents generating single CSEAM element across a very
curved shell configuration. See the following figure.
If α > CNRAGLO, this CSEAM element is rejected. The

same check is also applied to the angle between the
normal vectors of EIDSB and EIDEB.
If CNRAGLO is set to -1.0, the program will skip the

checking of CNRAGLO.

SWLDPRM, GMCHK
GMCHK NO, 0, YES, 1, FULL, or A switch to perform geometry check for certain
2 types of connector elements (presently it only
applies to CSEAM).
Default = NO
If NO or 0, no geometry check.
If YES or 1, perform geometry checks for

connector elements.
If FULL or 2, perform geometry checks for

connector elements and output the shell element
ID(s) if an error is found.
If GMCHK=1 or 2, the program will check whether

the CSEAM element spans a cutout or a corner.
If the CSEAM element does, an error will be
issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and GSPROJ > 0, the program

will check the angle between the normal vectors
of Shell A and Shell B. If the angle is larger than
the value defined by GSPROJ, an error will be
issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and CNRAGLO > 0, the program

will check the angle between the normal vectors
of EIDSA and EIDEA or EIDSB and EIDEB. If the
angle is larger than the value defined by
CNRAGLO, an error will be issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and CNRAGLI > 0, the program

will check the angle between the free edges of
shell elements EIDSA and EIDEA or EIDSB and
EIDEB. If the angle is smaller than the value
defined by CNRAGLI, an error will be issued.

SWLDPRM, GSMOVE
GSMOVE Integer > 0 Maximum number of times GS for the CWELD (PARTPAT or
ELPAT format) or GS/GE for the CSEAM is moved in cases
Default = 0 when not all auxiliary points have projections onto the patch
of shells.

SWLDPRM, GSPROJ
GSPROJ 0.0 < Real < 90.0 Maximum angle allowed between the normal vectors of
or -1.0 Shell A and Shell B. Shell A and Shell B are located on
the two different shell surfaces that need to be
Default = 20.0 connected by the connector element. The connector
element will not be generated if the angle between
these two normal vectors is greater than the value of
GSPROJ. This prevents the generation of connector
elements between shell components that depart from
being parallel to each other. See the following figure.
If α > GSPROJ, this connector element is rejected.
Meanwhile, for CSEAM, when locating possible

candidate shell elements to support the auxiliary points,
the program will also check the angle between the
normal vector of the candidate and the thickness
direction of the CSEAM element. If the angle is larger
than the value defined by GSPROJ, this candidate will
be ignored. If the ignored candidate is one of EIDSA,
EIDSB, EIDEA or EIDEB, a warning will be issued.
If GSPROJ is set to -1.0, the program will skip the

checking of GSPROJ.

SWLDPRM, GSTOL
GSTOL Real > 0.0 Presently it only applies to CSEAM. Maximum distance
between GS-SA, GS-SB, GE-EA and GE-EB for CSEAM.
Default = 0.0 See the following figure.
If the distance is greater than GSTOL, then the

connector element will not be generated and an error will
be issued.
If GSTOL is set to 0.0, the program will skip the checking

of GSTOL.

SWLDPRM, NREDIA
NREDIA 0 < Integer < 4 Maximum number of times the diameter (which is used in
locating auxiliary points) is reduced by half when not all
Default = 0 auxiliary points have projections onto the patch of shells.
This parameter is for CWELD (PARTPAT and ELPAT) only.

SWLDPRM, PROJTOL
PROJTOL 0.0 < Real < 0.5 Tolerance to accept the projected points (from GS for
CWELD and from GS/GE for CSEAM) if the computed
Default = 0.05 coordinates of the projection point lies outside the shell
element but is located within PROJTOL×(dimension of
the shell element). PROJTOL is only activated when a
search without PROJTOL finds no candidate shell to
build connectivity for a connector element. This
prevents the search from picking the wrong shell
element in cases when PROJTOL is not needed.

SWLDPRM, PRTSW
PRTSW NO, 0, YES, or 1 Print diagnostic output for connector elements.
Default = NO If NO or 0, diagnostic information is not output.
If YES or 1, diagnostic information is written to the .out

file.

SWLDPRM, SHOWAUX
SHOWAUX NO, 0, YES, or 1 Output fictitious grids representing auxiliary points

generated for CWELD and fictitious hexa corner points
Default = NO generated for CSEAM into a file which can be directly
imported into HyperMesh to visualize the connector
elements. For clarity of visualization, this file also
includes the eight-node CHEXA elements with corners
at respective auxiliary points for CWELD or at
respective fictitious hexa corner points for CSEAM.
For each CWELD element, this data will only be output

in cases where no error is issued before the definition
of auxiliary points. For the CSEAM element, this data
will only be output if all seam elements are built
successfully.
For CWELD, the root file name will be followed with

.weldaux.fem.
For CSEAM, the root file name will be followed with

.seamaux.fem. If SHOWAUX = YES, the
displacement/corner stress/grid point stress of the
fictitious hexa element will also be output into an H3D
file if requested.
If NO or 0, no data for the fictitious hexa will be

output.
If YES or 1, the fictitious grids and hexas will be

output (these are the final locations, including all the
adjustments due to connector element radius or
thickness).

TABDMP1
Bulk Data Entry
TABDMP1 – Modal Damping Table
Description
Defines modal damping as a tabular function of natural frequency.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABDMP TID TYPE

1
f1 g1 f2 g2 f3 g3 f4 g4
f5 g5 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABDMP 2
1
2.5 0.01057 2.6 0.1362 ENDT
Field Contents
TID Table identification number.
TYPE Type of damping units.
Default = G (G, CRIT, or Q)

Field Contents
Natural frequency value in cycles per unit time.
Damping value.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. Modal damping tables must be selected in the Subcase Information section, using the
SDAMPING command. This form of damping is used only in the modal method of frequency
response analysis.
2. A METHOD statement must be present in the SUBCASE.
3. The frequency values, , must be specified in either ascending or descending order, but
not both.
4. Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two starting points
or two end points. For example, in Figure 1 discontinuities are allowed only between
points f2 through f7. Also, if g is evaluated at a discontinuity, then the average value of
g is used. In Figure 1, the value of g at f=f3 is g = (g3+g4)/2.
5. At least one continuation entry must be specified.
6. Any or entry may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields used for
that entry.
7. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of 'ENDT' in either of the two fields
following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow the entry
containing the end-of-table flag 'ENDT'.
8. The TABDMP1 uses the algorithm:
where, f is input to the table and g is returned. The table look-up is performed
using linear interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using
the two starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table
data is input incorrectly.

Figure 1. Example of Table Extrapolation and Discontinuity
9. The KDAMP option, on the PARAM card, may be used to switch between viscous and
structural damping. Viscous is the default and is used when PARAM, KDAMP is not
present.
KDAMP Result
1 (default) B matrix
-1 (1+ig)K matrix
10. If TYPE is 'G' or blank, the damping values are in units of equivalent viscous dampers
as follows:
If TYPE is 'CRIT', the damping values are in units of fraction of critical damping C/C0.
If TYPE is 'Q', the damping values are in the units of amplification or quality factor, Q.
These constants are related by the following equations:

11. To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency response or Modal transient
analyses when the SDAMPING bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G , the steps
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk
data entry is referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
Set the damping value (field ) in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry equal to half of the
value of PARAM, G (set the constant value to C/C0).
Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1.

TABLED1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLED1 – Dynamic Load Tabular Function, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent

dynamic loads.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED1 TID XAXIS YAXIS
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
x5 y5 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED1 32
-3.0 6.9 2.0 5.6 3.0 5.6 ENDT
Field Contents
XAXIS Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the x-axis. See

comment 6.
Default = LINEAR (LINEAR or LOG)

Field Contents
YAXIS Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the y-axis. See

comment 6.
x#, y# Tabular values.
No default (Real or ENDT)
Comments
1. xi must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.

points x2 through x7 . Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, the average value of y is
used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
4. Any x, y pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields used for that
entry.
6. The TABLED1 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table and y is returned. The table look-up is performed using
interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using the two
starting or end points. See Figure 1. The algorithms used for interpolation or
extrapolation are:

where, xj and yj follow xi and yi.
No warning messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.
7. Linear extrapolation is not used for Fourier transform methods. The function is zero
outside the range of the table.
8. For frequency-dependent loads, x# is measured in cycles per unit time.
9. Tabular values on an axis if X-Axis or Y-Axis = LOG must be positive. A fatal message will
be issued if an axis has a tabular value < 0.


TABLED2
Bulk Data Entry
Description

dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED2 TID X1
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
x5 y5 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED2 15 -10.5
1.0 -4.5 2.0 -4.2 2.0 2.8 7.0 6.5
SKIP SKIP 9.0 6.5 ENDT
Field Contents
X1 Table parameter. See comment 6.
No default (Real)

Field Contents
No default (Real)
Comments

used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2.
entry.
starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table data is
input incorrectly.

8. For frequency-dependent loads, X1 and x# are measured in cycles per unit time.

TABLED3
Bulk Data Entry
Description

dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED3 TID X1 X2
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
x5 y5 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED3 15 126.9 30.0
2.9 2.9 3.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 ENDT
Field Contents
X1, X2 Table parameters.

Field Contents
No default (Real)
Comments
1. xii must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.

used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2.
entry.
starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table data is
input incorrectly.

8. For frequency-dependent loads, X1, X2, and x# are measured in cycles per unit time.

TABLED4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the coefficients of a power series for use in generating frequency-dependent and
time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED4 TID X1 X2 X3 X4
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7
A8 … … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLED4 28 0.0 1.0 0.0 100
2.91 -0.0329 6.51e-5 0.0 -3.4-7 ENDT
Field Contents
X# Table parameters.

Field Contents
A# Coefficients.
No default (Real)
Comments
3. TABLED4 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned and N is the number of pairs. Whenever x <
X3, use X3 for x; whenever x > X4, use X4 for x. There are N + 1 entries in the table.
There are no error returns from this table look-up procedure.

TABFAT
Bulk Data Entry
TABFAT - Fatigue Loading Time History Definition
Description
Defines y values of each point on the loading time history.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABFAT ID y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
y8 … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABFAT 1 0.000 -0.601 0.968 0.515 -0.263 -0.090 -0.582
-0.592 -0.877 -0.726 0.297 -0.899 -0.899 -0.165
0.907 0.936 -0.308 -0.308 -0.689 0.592 0.609
-0.600 -0.492 -0.492 -0.224

Field Contents
y# Y value of each point on the loading time history curve.
No default (Real)
Comments
1. The TABFAT ID may be referenced by a FATLOAD definition.
3. Prior to OptiStruct version 11.0, TABFAT was named TABLEFAT.

TABLEM1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM1 – Material Property Table, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM1 TID
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 -etc.- "ENDT"
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM1 32
-3.0 6.9 2.0 5.6 3.0 5.6 ENDT
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
xi, yi Tabular values.
(Real)
"ENDT" Flag indicating the end of the table.

Comments

2. Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two start points or
two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
between points x2 through x7 . Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, then the average
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3 +y4)/2.
4. Any xi- yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
5. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of "ENDT" in either of the two fields
containing the end-of-table flag "ENDT".
6. The TABLEM1 uses the algorithm (see comment 7):
y= yT(x)
linear interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using the
two start or end points (see figure). No warning messages are issued, if the table data is
input incorrectly.
Example of table extrapolation and discontinuity
7. In a nonlinear heat transfer analysis, TABLEM1 uses the following algorithm:
y = zyT(x)
Where. x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MAT4 entry.

TABLEM2
Bulk Data Entry
Description

Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM2 TID X1
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM2 15 -10.5
1.0 -4.5 2.0 -4.5 2.0 2.8 7.0 6.5
SKIP SKIP 9.0 6.5 ENDT
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
X1 Table parameter.
(Real)

Field Contents
(Real)
Comments

or two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
4. Any xi-yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
6. The TABLEM2 uses the algorithm:
y= zyT(x – X1)
where, x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MATi entry. The
table look-up is performed using linear interpolation within the table and linear
extrapolation outside the table using the two start or end points (see figure). No warning
messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.


TABLEM3
Bulk Data Entry
Description

Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM3 TID X1 X2
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM3 62 126.9 30.0
2.9 2.9 3.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 ENDT
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
X1, X2 Table parameters. See comment 6.
(Real)

Comments
1. Tabular values for xi must be specified in either ascending or descending order, but not
both.
2. Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two start points or
two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
4. Any xi-yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
6. TABLEM3 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned and z is supplied from the MATi entry. The
table look-up is performed using linear interpolation within the table and linear
extrapolation outside the table using the two starting or end points (see figure). No
warning messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.

TABLEM4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines coefficients of a power series for use in generating temperature-dependent material

properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM4 TID X1 X2 X3 X4
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEM4 28 0.0 1.0 0.0 100.
2.91 -0.0329 6.51-5 0.0 -3.4-7 ENDT
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Xi Table parameters.
Ai Coefficients.
(Real)

Comments
2. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of "ENDT" in the field following the last
entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow the entry containing the end-of-
table flag "ENDT".
3. TABLEM4 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MATi entry.
Whenever x < X3 , use X3 for x; whenever x > X4 , use X4 for x. There are N + 1 entries in
the table. There are no error returns from this table look-up procedure.

TABLES1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLES1 – Material Property Tabular Function, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use as stress-strain curve in elasto-plastic material properties
MATS1, MATX33, MATX65, MATHF, as well as material curve in nonlinear material properties
MATX36, MATX42, and MATX70.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLES1 TID
x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4
x5 y5 … … … … … …
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLES1 32
-3.0 6.9 2.0 5.6 3.0 5.6 ENDT
Field Contents
No default (Real, or ENDT)
Comments

2. Discontinuities between any two points except the two starting points or two end points.
For example, in Figure 1 discontinuities are allowed only between points x2 through x7 .
Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, the average value of y is used. In Figure 1, the
value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
entry.
6. The TABLES1 uses the algorithm:
starting or end points. See Figure 1. The algorithms used for interpolation or
extrapolation is:
where, xj and yj follow xi and yi.
7. For TABLES1 referenced by elasto-plastic material property MATS1, additional

requirements apply. See the description of MATS1 for details.

10. Some warning or error messages are issued if table data in input incorrectly. However,
since TABLES1 can serve different and distinct purposes, error checking is limited.

TABLEST
Bulk Data Entry
TABLEST – Material Property Temperature-Dependence Table
Description
Specifies the material property tables for elasto-plastic, temperature-dependent materials.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEST TID
T1 TID1 T2 TID2 T3 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABLEST 101
150.0 10 175.0 20 ENDT
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Ti Temperature values.
(Real)
TIDi Table identification numbers of TABLES1 entries.
(Integer > 0)

Comments
1. TIDi must be unique with respect to all TABLES1 and TABLEST table identification
numbers.
2. Temperature values must be listed in ascending order.
3. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of ENDT in either of the two fields
containing the end-of-table flag ENDT.
4. This table is referenced by MATS1 entries that define elasto-plastic (TYPE = "PLASTIC")
materials.

TABRND1
Bulk Data Entry
TABRND1 – Power Spectral Density Table
Description
Defines power spectral density as a tabular function of frequency for use in random analysis.
Referenced on the RANDPS entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABRND1 ID XAXIS YAXIS blank blank blank blank blank
f1 g1 f2 g2 f3 g3 f4 g4
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TABRND1 3
2.5 .01057 2.6 .01362 ENDT
etc.
Field Contents
ID Table identification number.
(Integer > 0)
XAXIS Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the x-axis. See comment
6.

Field Contents
YAXIS Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the y-axis. See comment
6.
fi Frequency value in cycles per unit time.
(Real > 0.0)
gi Power Spectral Density.
(Real)
Comments
1. The fi must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.
2. Jumps between two points ( ) are allowed, but not at the end points.
3. At least two entries must be present.
4. Any f-g entry may be ignored by placing the BCD string "SKIP" in either of the two field
used for that entry.
5. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of the BCD string "ENDT" in either of
the two fields following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow
the entry containing the end-of-table flag "ENDT".
6. The TABRND1 mnemonic infers the use of the algorithm:
G = g T(F)
where, F is input to the table and G is returned. The table look-up gT(f) is performed
using linear extrapolation outside the table using the last two end points at the
appropriate table end. At jump points, the average gT(F) is used. There are no error
returns from this table look-up procedure.

TEMP
Bulk Data Entry
TEMP – Grid Point Temperature Field
Description
Defines temperature at grid points for determination of Thermal Loading and Stress recovery.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TEMP SID G T G T G T blank {N.C .}
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TEMP 3 94 316.2 49 219.8
Field Contents
SID LOAD set identification.
(Integer > 0)
(Integer > 0)
T Temperature.
(Real)
Comments
1. Temperature sets may be selected for use in a subcase by the TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or

TEMPERATURE(BOTH) subcase information entry.
2. From one to three grid point temperatures may be defined on a single entry.

4. This card is represented as a temperature load in HyperMesh.

TEMPD
Bulk Data Entry
TEMPD – Grid Point Temperature Field Default
Description
Defines a temperature value for all grid points of the structural model that have not been
given a temperature on a TEMP entry.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TEMPD SID T SID T SID T SID T
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TEMPD 1 216.3
Field Contents
SID LOAD set identification.
(Integer > 0)
T Default temperature value.
(Real)
Comments
1. Temperature sets may be selected for use in a subcase by the TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or

TEMPERATURE(BOTH) subcase information entry.
2. From one to four default temperatures may be defined on a single entry.


TIC
Bulk Data Entry
TIC – Transient and Explicit Analysis Initial Condition
Description
Defines values for the initial conditions of variables used in structural transient analysis and
explicit analysis. Both displacement and velocity values may be specified at independent
degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIC SID G C U0 V0
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIC 100 10 3 0.1 0.5
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
G Grid or scalar point identification number. See comment 4.
(Integer > 0)
(Any one of the integers 1 through 6 for grid points, integer zero or blank for
scalar points)
U0 Initial displacement. Not applicable in geometric nonlinear analysis.

Field Contents
(Real or blank)
V0 Initial velocity.
(Real or blank)
Comments
1. Transient analysis initial condition sets must be selected with the IC subcase information
command.
2. If no TIC set is selected in the Subcase Information section, all initial conditions are
assumed to be zero.
3. Initial conditions for coordinates not specified on TIC entries will be assumed to be zero.
4. In direct transient analysis, wherein the TIC bulk data entry is selected by an IC subcase
information command, G may reference only grid or scalar points.
5. Initial displacement definition is not applicable in explicit analysis. If U0 is defined, a fatal

error message will be issued.
6. The initial conditions for the independent degrees-of-freedom specified by this bulk data
entry are distinct from, and may be used in conjunction with, the initial conditions for the
enforced degrees-of-freedom specified by NLOAD1, TLOAD1 and/or TLOAD2 bulk data
entries.
8. Each degree-of-freedom (grid/component pair: G#/C#) should define a unique value for
U0 and/or V0 within any TIC ID set, but U0 and V0 may be specified on separate TIC
cards. When multiple cards with the same degree-of-freedom are present, only non-zero
values for U0 and V0 are used by the solver. When two non-zero values are defined for
U0 or for V0 for the same degree-of-freedom, a fatal error message will be issued, even if
values match.

TICA
Bulk Data Entry
TICA – Explicit Analysis Initial Velocity Relative to an Axis
Description
Defines values for the initial velocity of a set of grids along and about an axis for explicit
analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIC A SID GSID VT VR
GA/XA YA ZA GB/XB YB ZB
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIC A 100 10 3.0 4.0
123 0.0 0.0 1.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
GSID Grid point set identification number.
Default = all grids in the model (blank or Integer > 0)
VT Initial velocity along the axis.
(Real)

Field Contents
VR Initial velocity about the axis.
(Real)
GA/ XA, Axis origin. These fields define the origin of the axis. The point may be
YA, ZA defined by entering a grid ID in the GA field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields; these coordinates will be in the
Default is the origin of the basic system (Real in all three fields or Integer in
first field)
GB/ XB, Direction of vector for axis definition. These fields define a point. The
YB, ZB vector goes from the anchor point to this point. The point may be defined
by entering a grid ID in the GB field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in
the XB, YB, and ZB fields; these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
system.
Comments
1. Explicit analysis initial condition sets must be selected with the Subcase Information
command IC = SID. It can only be selected in explicit subcases which are defined by an
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcase entry.
2. TICA is primarily used for simulating the uniform rotation of a structure about an axis by
defining VR and an axis. A helical (or spiral) shaped motion can also be achieved by
defining VR, VT and an axis.

TIE
Bulk Data Entry
TIE – Tied Definition
Description
Defines a tied contact.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIE TID SSID MSID SRC HDIS ADJUST
DISC RET
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TIE 5 7 8 0.01
N25
Field Contents
TID Tied interface identification number. See comment 1.
(Integer > 0)
SSID Identification number of slave entity. See comments 3 and 10.
(Integer > 0)
MSID Identification number of master entity. See comments 4 and 11.
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
SRCHDIS Search distance criterion for creating contact condition. When specified,
only slave nodes that are within SRCHDIS distance from master surface will
have contact condition checked.
Default = All slave nodes checked (Real > 0 or blank)
ADJUST Adjustment of slave nodes onto the master surface at the start of a
simulation.
<NO, AUTO, Real > 0.0, or Integer > 0>
Default = NO.
NO – no adjustment.
AUTO – A real value equal to 5% of the average edge length on the master
surface is internally assigned as the depth criterion (see Comment 7).
Real > 0.0 – Value of the depth criterion which defines the zone in which a
search is conducted for slave nodes (for which contact elements have been
created). These slave nodes (with created contact elements) are then
adjusted onto the master surface. The assigned depth criterion is used to
define the searching zone in the pushout direction (see Comment 7).
Integer > 0 – Identification number of a SET entry with TYPE = “GRID”.

Only the nodes on the slave entity, which also belong to this SET will be
selected for adjustment.
DISCRET Discretization approach type for the construction of contact elements.

<N2S, S2S>
Default = N2S.
N2S – node-to-surface discretization
S2S – surface-to-surface discretization
Comments
(Nonlinear quasi-static analysis)
1. TIE contact needs to keep a unique ID from all CONTACT definitions.
2. The TIE contact is constructed by searching for each slave node for a respective facet of
the master surface, which contains the normal projection of the slave and is within
SRCHDIS distance from the slave node. If no master segment with normal projection is
found, then the nearest segment is picked if the direction from slave to master is within a
certain angle (30 degrees) relative to the normal to the master segment. Having found a
feasible master segment for the slave node, a tie element is created.

Figure 1: C reation of a TIE element
If the surface-to-surface (DISCRET=S2S) discretization approach is selected, the

CONTACT interface is constructed by searching, for each facet of the slave surface,
respective facets of the master surface which contain the normal projection of sample
points on the slave facet and is within SRCHDIS distance from the sample points. For a
slave node, a contact element is created with the surrounding slave facets and the
master facets found by projection of the sample points on the slave facets (Figure 2).
Figure 2: C reation of a contact element (surface-to-surface discretization)
a set of grid nodes defined using SET card.

a surface defined using SURF card (the slave nodes are picked from the respective
nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. Slave nodes are picked
from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only nodes on the
surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
DISCRET = N2S is recommended if the slave entity is a set of grids (nodes) or a set of
solid elements.
a surface defined using SURF card.

a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. For sets of 3D solids,

element faces on the surface are automatically found and selected as master surface.
5. TIE element is created of a same structure as FREEZE CONTACT element. TIE element
enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface – the contact gap opening remains
fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is forced to be zero. Also, rotations at
the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master patch.
6. Presently one TIE element is created for each slave node. This assures reasonably
efficient numerical computations without creating an excessive number of tie elements.
However, this may require special handling in some cases, such as when a master surface
wraps around the slave set. In such cases, switching the role of slave and master may
be recommended. Alternatively, multiple TIE elements can be created in order to cover all
possible directions of relative motion (a simplified illustration is shown in Figure 3).
Figure 3: Special case - Master surface wraps around a slave node set.
7. The adjustment of slave nodes doesn’t create any strain in the model. If DISCRET=N2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial model geometry. If DISCRET=S2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial contact opening/penetration.
If a node on the slave entity lies outside the projection zone of the master surface, it will
always be skipped during adjustment since no contact element has been constructed for
it.
If different contact interfaces involve the same nodes, nodal adjustment definitions are
processed sequentially in the order of identification numbers of the contact interfaces.
Care must be taken to avoid conflicts between the nodal adjustments; otherwise, contact
element errors or lack of compliance may occur.
a) The ADJUST field must be set to “NO” for self-contact.

b) If a real value (the searching depth criterion for adjustment) is input for the ADJUST
field, a searching zone for adjustment is defined. The slave nodes in this searching
zone, for which contact elements have been created, will be adjusted. If ADJUST is
larger than or equal to SRCHDIS, all the slave nodes, for which contact elements have
been created, will be adjusted.

Figure 4: An illustration depicting how ADJUST works.
Depth Criterion
The depth criterion (A non-negative real value for ADJUST) is used to define the searching
zone for adjustment as shown in Figure 4. This searching zone is created in the pushout
direction up to a distance equal to the value of the ADJUST field. The slave nodes within
the searching zone (with defined contact elements) are then considered for adjustment
based on the rules specified within this comment (Comment 7).
c) If the ADJUST field is set to an integer value (the identification number of a grid SET
entry), the nodes shared by the slave entity and the grid SET will be checked for
contact creation, that is SRCHDIS will be ignored for these nodes, and then adjusted if a
projection is found. The nodes belonging to the grid SET but not to the slave entity will
be simply ignored.
(Geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcases))
9. TIE is implemented as a Tied Contact in geometric nonlinear subcases. A geometric

nonlinear subcase is one that has an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry in the subcase
definition.

a set of grid nodes defined using SET card.
a surface defined using SURF card (the slave nodes are picked from the respective
nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. Slave nodes are picked
from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only nodes on the
surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
a surface defined using SURF card.

a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card.

TLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD1 – Transient Response Dynamic Excitation, Form 1
Description
Defines a time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion of the form:
for use in transient response analysis.
Where,
f(t) is the time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion.

A defines the amplitude of the dynamic excitation and is referenced by the EXCITEID field.
(F)t is a user-defined function that defines the time-variant nature of f(t). It is specified by
referencing a predefined TABLEDi entry in the TID field.
is the time delay defined in the DELAY field.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TLOAD1 SID EXC ITEID DELAY TYPE TID
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TLOAD1 5 7 LOAD 13
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents

PLOADx, RFORCE, QVOL, QBDY1 or GRAV entry set that defines {A}.
(Integer > 0)

identification number of DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry. See
comment 7.
(Integer > 0, real or blank)
(Integer, character or blank; Default = 0)
TID Identification number of TABLEDi entry that gives F(t).
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. Dynamic excitation sets must be selected with the subcase information command
DLOAD=SID.
2. The type of dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) based on the following table:
TYPE
TYPE of Dynamic Excitation
Integer Character
0 L, LO, LOA, or Applied load (force or moment)

LOAD
(Default)
1 D, DI, DIS, or Enforced displacement or temperature; EXCITEID references

DISP SPC/SPCD data.
2 V, VE, VEL, or Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.

VELO
3 A, AC, ACC, Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD

or ACCE data.

Excitation specified by TYPE is applied load. The EXCITEID must reference DAREA,
FORCEx, MOMENTx, PLOAD, RFORCE, GRAV, QVOL or QBDY1 entries.
Excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion. The EXCITEID must reference SPC/SPCD
entries.
TYPE = 1 must be specified if the EXCITEID field references SPCD data used in transient
heat transfer analysis to define time-dependent thermal boundary conditions.
4. TLOAD1 loads may be combined with TLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. That is, the SID on a TLOAD1 entry may not be the same as that on a TLOAD2
entry.
5. SID must be unique for all TLOAD1, TLOAD2, RLOAD1, and RLOAD2 entries.
6. If TLOAD1 entries are selected for Fourier analysis, then the time-dependent loads on the
TLOAD1 entries are transformed to the frequency domain. Then the analysis is performed
as a frequency response analysis, but the solution and the output are converted to and
printed in the time domain.
7. If DELAY is blank or zero, will be zero.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom. EXCITEID cannot reference the LOAD and
LOADADD bulk data entries.

TLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD2 – Transient Response Dynamic Excitation, Form 2
Description
Defines a time-dependent dynamic excitation or enforced motion of the form:
for use in a transient response analysis, where .
Where,
is the time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion.
A defines the amplitude of the dynamic excitation and is referenced by the EXCITEID field.
is the time delay defined in the DELAY field.
T1 and T2 are time constants defined in the T1 and T2 fields.
B, C, and are the growth coefficient, exponential coefficient, frequency and phase angle
respectively and are defined in the corresponding B, C, F and P fields.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TLOAD2 SID EXC ITEID DELAY TYPE T1 T2 F P
C B
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TLOAD2 4 10 2.1 4.7 12.0

2.0
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

PLOADx, RFORCE, QVOL, QBDY1 or GRAV entry set that defines {A}.
(Integer > 0)

identification number of DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry. See
comment 4.
(Integer > 0, real or blank)
(Integer, character or blank; Default = 0)
T1 Time constant.
(Real > 0.0)
T2 Time constant.
(Real; T2>T1)
F Frequency in cycles per unit time.
(Real > 0.0; Default = 0.0)
P Phase angle in degrees.
C Exponential coefficient.

Field Contents
B Growth coefficient.
Comments
1. Dynamic excitation sets must be selected with the subcase information command with
DLOAD=SID.
2. The type of dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) based on the following
table:
TYPE
TYPE of Dynamic Excitation
Integer Character
0 L, LO, LOA, Applied load (force or moment)

or LOAD
(Default)
1 D, DI, DIS, Enforced displacement or temperature; EXCITEID references

or DISP SPC/SPCD data.
2 V, VE, VEL, Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.

or VELO
3 A, AC, ACC, Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.

or ACCE
If the type of dynamic excitation specified by TYPE is applied load, then EXCITEID must
reference DAREA, FORCEx, MOMENTx, PLOAD, RFORCE, GRAV, QVOL or QBDY1 entries.
If the type of dynamic excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion, then EXCITEID
must reference SPC/SPCD entries.
TYPE = 1 must be specified if the EXCITEID field references SPCD data used in transient
heat transfer analysis to define time-dependent thermal boundary conditions
4. If DELAY is blank or zero, will be zero.
5. TLOAD1 loads may be combined with TLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. That is, the SID on a TLOAD1 entry may not be the same as that on a TLOAD2
entry.

6. SID must be unique for all TLOAD1, TLOAD2, RLOAD1, and RLOAD2 entries.
7. TLOAD2 entries cannot be used with Fourier analysis.
8. The continuation entry is optional.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom. EXCITEID cannot reference the LOAD and
LOADADD bulk data entries.

TSTEP
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEP – Transient Time Step
Description
Defines time step intervals at which a solution will be generated and output in transient
analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEP SID N1 DT1 N01 W3,1 W4,1
N2 DT2 N02 W3,2 W4,2
-etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEP 2 10 .001 5
9 0.01 1
Field Contents
N# Number of time steps of value DT#.

Field Contents
DT# Time increment.
N0# Skip factor for output. Every N0i-th step will be saved for output.
W3,# The frequency of interest in radians per unit time; used for the conversion of
overall structural damping into equivalent viscous damping. See comment 3.
W4,# The frequency of interest in radians per unit time; used for the conversion of
element structural damping into equivalent viscous damping. See comment 3.
Comments
1. TSTEP entries must be selected with the Subcase Iinformation command TSTEP = SID.
2. Note that the entry permits changes in the size of the time step during the course of the
solution. Thus, in the example shown, there are 10 time steps of value .001, followed by
9 time steps of value .01. Also, in the case of this example, you have requested that the
output be recorded for t = 0.0, .005, .01, .02, .03, and so on.
3. W3 and W4 define frequencies used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

equivalent viscous damping. See the Reference Guide entries for PARAM,W3 and
PARAM,W4 for more details.
4. Different values for W3 and W4 may be set for each set of time increments. If any of the
fields are left blank then the value is taken from the PARAM, W3 or PARAM, W4 definition.

TSTEPNL
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNL – Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Dynamic Analysis Control
Description
Defines parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis strategy.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNL ID NDT DT KSTEP C ONV
EPSU EPSP EPSW MAXLS LSTOL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNL 99 0.01
Field Contents
ID Each TSTEPNL bulk data card must have a unique ID.
NDT Number of implicit load sub-increments.
DT Initial time step.
KSTEP Number of iterations before stiffness update. See comment 3.

Field Contents
Default = 6 for BCS solver

Default = 3 for PCG solver
(Integer > 0)
CONV Flags to select implicit convergence criteria.
Default = UPW
(Any combination of U, P and W)
EPSU Error tolerance for displacement (U) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-2
(Real > 0.0)
EPSP Error tolerance for load (P) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-2
(Real > 0.0)
EPSW Error tolerance for work (W) criterion.
Default = 1.0E-3
(Real > 0.0)
MAXLS Maximum number of line searches allowed for each iteration.
LSTOL Line search tolerance.
Comments
1. The TSTEPNL bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command TSTEPNL
= option. Each subcase for which nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis is desired requires a
TSTEPNL command.
2. Additional control for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic solution schemes (ANALYSIS =
IMPDYN) can be defined using TSTEPNX bulk data entry. Defaults will be used if TSTEPNX
is not present.
3. The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS =
IMPDYN) is modified or Quasi-Newton. The frequency of stiffness matrix updates is
controlled by KSTEP. For highly nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP

for better performance. KSTEP = 1 means full Newton. The initial implicit time step is DT.
All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. Termination time, TTERM, is
defined by a TTERM subcase entry or computed from TTERM = NDT*DT. TTERM takes
precedence.
4. The time integration scheme for implicit transient is defined on TSTEPNX. The default
method is α-HHT.
5. For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, refer to the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.

TSTEPNX
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNX – Optional Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Dynamic Analysis Control
Description
Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNX ID TA0 DTA DTTH NPRINT RFILE
SOLV TSC TRL DTMIN DTMAX LSMETH RREFIF NC YC LE FIXTID/

TOUT
DYNA ALFA BETA GAMA SMDISP
ITW DTSC I LDTN DTSC D LARC
Example 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNL 99 0.01
Example 2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNL 99 0.01
TSTEPNX 99 0.1
NEWT ARC 1.e-4 0.1

Example 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
TSTEPNL 99 0.01 3 PW
0.01 0.01
TSTEPNX 99 0.1
NEWT ARC 1.e-4 0.1
NEWM 0.25 0.5
Field Contents
ID Identification number of an associated TSTEPNL entry.
DTA Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = DT (Real > 0)
DTTH Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See comment
3).
Default = 0.1*DT (Real > 0)
NPRINT Print every NPRINT iterations. If negative, to .out and standard output;
if positive, only to .out file.

Field Contents
SOLV Geometric nonlinear implicit solution method.
NEWT – Modified Newton.
BFGS – BFGS quasi-Newton method.
Default = NEWT (Character = NEWT, or BFGS)
TSCTRL Time step control.
ARC – Arc-length is used to accelerate and control the convergence. The

time step is determined by displacement norm control (arc-length).
SIMP – Simple time step control.
NONE – No time step control. A warning will be issued. In the case of

divergence, the time step will be repeated with half the step size. The
run will be terminated according to DTMIN and NCYCLE.
Default = ARC (Character)
DTMIN Minimum geometric nonlinear implicit time step. If DTMIN is reached,

simulation will be terminated (See comment 3).
Default = 1e-5*DT (Real > 0)
DTMAX Maximum geometric nonlinear implicit time step from which time step is set
constant (See comment 3).
Default = 3*DT (Real > 0)
LSMETH Line search method.
Default = ENERGY (Character = NONE, FORCE, ENERGY, or AUTO)
RREFIF Special residual force computation with contact interfaces present.
Default = no special treatment (Integer = 0, …, 5)
0 – Aggressive (modified entirely by the out-of-balance value).

1 – Average (modified each time with 200% maximum).
2 – Light (modified each time with 20% maximum).
3 – No change.
4 – No change; except for the first contact.

Field Contents
5 – Modified automatically (for imposed displacement only).

NCYCLE Maximum number of time steps. If reached, solution will be terminated.
NCYCLE = 0 means no limit.
Default = no limit (Integer > 0)
FIXTID Identification number of a TABLEDi entry. The x values of the table define
fixed time points that the automatic time step control will adhere to.
(Integer > 0)
TOUT The method to determine the fixed time point.
AUTO – Fully automatic time step control.
NLOAD - The time points in all TABLEDi that are referenced by NLOAD1 in
one subcase.
Default = AUTO (AUTO or NLOAD)
DYNA Implicit transient solution methods.
HHT – α-HHT method.
NEWM – General Newmark method.
Default = HHT (Character = HHT or NEWM)
ALFA Parameter in α-HHT Method (DYNA = HHT).
Default = -0.05 (Real, -1/3 < ALFA < 0.0)
BETA Parameter in general Newmark method (DYNA = NEWM).
Default = 0.25 (Real, -2 * BETA < GAMA < 0.5)
GAMA Parameter in general Newmark method (DYNA = NEWM).
Default = 0.5 (Real, -2 * BETA < GAMA < 0.5)
SMDISP Perform small displacement and rotation analysis instead of geometric

nonlinear analysis. PARAM, SMDISP, YES overwrites this definition.
OFF – Geometric nonlinear analysis.

Field Contents
ON – Small displacements and small rotations analysis.
ITW If the solution of a time step converges within ITW iterations, the next
time step will be increased by a factor controlled by DTSCI.

(Integer > 0)
DTSCI Maximum scale factor for increasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC). Scale
factor for TSCTRL = SIMP.
LDTN Maximum number of iterations before resetting and decreasing the time
step by a factor of DTSCD.

(Integer > 0)
DTSCD Scale factor for decreasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, SIMP).
LARC Input arc-length for TSCTRL = ARC.
Default = automatic computation (Real)
Comments
1. The TSTEPNX bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command TSTEP =
option. There must also be a TSTEPNL bulk data entry with the same ID. It is only used
in geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN); it is ignored in
other analyses.
2. The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis is selected by SOLV. The
frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by TSTEPNL, KSTEP. For highly
nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better performance. KSTEP =
1 means full Newton.
3. The initial time step DTINI = DT is defined by TSTEPNL.

Analysis section.

UNBALNC
Bulk Data Entry
UNBALNC – Unbalanced Load (Rotor Dynamics)
Description
This entry defines the unbalanced rotating load during a rotor dynamic analysis in Frequency
Response solution sequences. The unbalanced load is specified in a cylindrical system where
the rotor rotation axis is the Z-axis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
UNBALNC SID MASS GRID X1 X2 X3
ROFFSET THETA ZOFFSET FON FOFF
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
UNBALNC 200 1.2 3103 1.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 45.0 0.1 2 110
SID <Integer > 0> setid Set identification number.

No default
MASS <Integer > 0/Real> Defines the magnitude of unbalanced mass (see
comment 4).
(No default)

GRID <Integer> Grid Point identification number of node at which the

unbalanced load is applied.
No default
X1, X2, X3 <Real> Components of a vector that are used to define a

cylindrical coordinate system centered at “GRID”. The
No default vector components are defined from “GRID” in the
displacement coordinate system of the grid point at
“GRID” (see comment 6).
ROFFSET <Integer > 0/Real> <Integer > 0> If an integer value (must be greater
than 0) is input, it references the
Default = 1.0 identification number of a TABLEDi
entry that specifies the offset values
as a function of frequency (see
comment 4).
<Real> This field defines the distance by

which the unbalanced mass is offset in
the X-Y plane perpendicular to the Z
direction (spin axis, Figure 1).
If a real number is input, the offset

value is considered constant.
THETA <Real> Angular position (in degrees) of the unbalanced mass in

the cylindrical coordinate system defined by X1, X2, and
Default = 0.0 X3.
ZOFFSET <Integer > 0/Real> <Integer > 0> If an integer value (must be greater than
0) is input, it references the identification
Default = 0.0 number of a TABLEDi entry that specifies
the offset values as a function of
frequency (see comment 4).
<Real> This field defines the distance by which

the unbalanced mass is offset in the Z

direction (spin axis, Figure 1).
If a real number is input, the offset value

is considered constant.
F ON <Real > 0> This field defines the starting frequency at which the
unbalanced load is applied (see comment 5).
Default = 0.0
F OFF <Real > 0> This field defines the stopping (final) frequency at which
the unbalanced load is applied (see comment 5).
Default = 999999.0
Comments
1. Currently, models containing multiple UNBALNC bulk data entries with the same set
identification number (SID) are not supported. Each UNBALNC bulk data entry must have a
unique SID.
2. For frequency response analysis, the UNBALNC bulk data entry is referenced by a DLOAD
Subcase Information entry.
3. An unbalanced load on the rotating system is generated as a consequence of these three

factors:
Unbalanced mass of the system (rotor) about its axis of rotation (MASS field on the
UNBALNC entry).
The magnitude of separation between the rotating axis and the unbalanced mass
(ZOFFSET and ROFFSET fields on the UNBALNC entry).
The angular spin speed of the rotor (specific fields on the RGYRO and RSPINR bulk data
entries).
4. ROFFSET field:
Each entry in the TABLEDi entry specifies the distance by which the unbalanced mass is
offset in the X-Y plane (perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor).
ZOFFSET field:
Each entry in the TABLEDi entry specifies the distance by which the unbalanced mass is
offset in the Z direction (axis of rotation of the rotor).

5. The rotation of the unbalanced load occurs in the positive Z direction which is defined by
GRIDA and GRIDB on the RSPINR bulk data entry.
6. The initial position of the unbalanced mass and the direction of its subsequent rotation
are defined with respect to a cylindrical coordinate system. Its angular position is
measured from the plane defined by both the Z-axis and the vector (X1, X2, and X3) with
THETA=0.0 being the direction of the vector (X1, X2, and X3) itself. The rotation of the
unbalanced load occurs in the positive Z direction.

USET
Bulk Data Entry
USET – Set of Degrees-of-Freedom for Residual Vector Calculation
Description
Defines a set of degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
USET SNAME G1 C1 G2 C2 G3 C3
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
USET U6 564 4 765 1456 8 5
Field Contents
SNAME Set name
(Character, only U6, ZEROU6 are allowed)
Ci Component numbers.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 <

integer < 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for
grid points. The components refer to the coordinate system
referenced by the grid points.)

Comments
1. A maximum of 18 degrees-of-freedom can be defined on one USET entry.
2. If SNAME=ZEROU6, then the degrees-of-freedom are omitted from the set.
3. For normal modes analysis with the Lanczos eigensolver, the case control command
RESVEC=YES must be used to create residual vectors based on the USET DOF . If the
AMSES or AMLS eigensolvers are used, the residual vectors will always be created. The
residual vectors are calculated using the unit load method.
4. For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET residual vectors are
always calculated if the AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers are used, and are not calculated if
the Lanczos eigensolver is used.
5. The residual vectors are then exported together with the eigenvectors to the H3D,
PUNCH, and OUTPUT2 files. If stress output is requested, the stress state for each mode
is output to the H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT files.
6. If SNAME is not U6 or ZEROU6, USET will be ignored.

USET1
Bulk Data Entry
USET1 – Set of Degrees-of-Freedom for Residual Vector Calculation, Alternate Form
Description
Defines a set of degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
USET1 SNAME C G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6
G7 G8 G9 -etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
USET1 U6 123 34 88 4 12 19 7
1234 65
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
USET1 SNAME C G1 “THRU” G2
USET1 U6 123456 88 THRU 207
Field Contents
SNAME Set name
(Character, only U6, ZEROU6 are allowed)

Field Contents
C Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 <

integer < 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for
grid points. The components refer to the coordinate system
referenced by the grid points.)
(Integer > 0, for THRU option, G1 < G2)
Comments
1. If the alternate format is used, all points in the sequence G1 through G2 are not required
to exist, but there must be at least one boundary degree-of-freedom for the model or a
fatal error will result. Any grids implied in the THRU that do not exist will collectively
produce a warning message, but will otherwise be ignored.
2. If SNAME=ZEROU6, then the degrees-of-freedom are omitted from the set.
3. For normal modes analysis with the Lanczos eigensolver, the case control command
RESVEC=YES must be used to create residual vectors based on the USET1 DOF. If the
AMSES or AMLS eigensolvers are used, the residual vectors will always be created. The
residual vectors are calculated using the unit load method.
4. For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET1 residual vectors
are always calculated if the AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers are used, and are never
calculated if the Lanczos eigensolver is used.
5. USET1 is applied to normal modes analysis subcases that have the case control
RESVEC=YES specified. In such cases, residual vectors are calculated using the unit load
method. The residual vectors are then exported together with the eigenvectors to the
H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT2 files. If stress output is requested, the stress state for each
mode is output to the H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT files.
6. If SNAME is not U6 or ZEROU6, USET1 will be ignored.
MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided for a given component, that the grid
references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points (GRID) when the
structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT it is required for grid/component pairs
(G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid references are to scalar points
(SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid references are to structural grid
points (GRID). When the component is greater than 1, the grid references must always

XDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
XDAMP – Raleigh Damping for Geometric Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Description
Defines values for Raleigh damping for geometric nonlinear dynamic analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XDAMP DID GSID ALFA BETA
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XDAMP 100 34 3.0 1.0
Field Contents
DID Unique damping identification number.
(Integer > 0)
GSID Grid set identification number. Damping is applied to the grid points
in this set.
Default = all grids in the model (blank or Integer > 0)
ALFA Factor for the stiffness matrix contribution.
(Real > 0)
BETA Factor for the mass matrix contribution.
(Real > 0)

Comments
1. Rayleigh damping is applied to all geometric nonlinear dynamic analysis subcases, implicit
and explicit. It is ignored in all other subcases.
2. In implicit dynamic analysis damping is applied to all grid points and GSID is ignored.
Multiple XDAMP is not allowed in implicit dynamic analysis.
3. XDAMP and PARAM W3/G are mutually exclusive.
4. Grid sets in all XDAMP statements must contain unique sets of grid points.
5. The viscous damping matrix B is calculated from the mass matrix M and stiffness matrix K
using:
B = ALFA * M + BETA * K
6. This card is represented as an interface in HyperMesh.

XHISADD
Bulk Data Entry
XHISADD – Time History Output Combination for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a time history output set as a union of time history outputs defined via XHIST
entries.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XHISADD SID S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
S8 S9 etc.
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XHISADD 101 2 3 1 6 4
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
Sj Set identification numbers of time history output defined via XHIST

entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
XHIST=SID.

2. The Sj must be unique and may not be the identification number of a rigid wall set defined
by another XHISADD entry.
3. XHISADD entries take precedence over XHIST entries. If both have the same SID, only
the XHISADD entry will be used.

XHIST
Bulk Data Entry
XHIST – Time History Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines the time history output request for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XHIST SID LABEL
FILE TYPE C ID DTTHM
DATA VAR1 VAR2 VAR3 VAR4 VAR5 VAR6 VAR7
VAR8 ...
ENTRY ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4 ID5 ID6 ID7
ID8 ...
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XHIST 100
GRID
DATA DEF AX AY
ENTRY 345 6687

Field Contents
(Integer > 0)
LABEL (Character or blank)
FILE Creation of different time history files runnameTnnx(n:0-1,x:blank or a-i).
(Characters – A, B, C…, and I, or blank)
TYPE Entity type. See table 1.
(Character according to table)
CID Frame coordinate system identification.
(Integer > 0)
DTTHM Output time step for time history files. Once it is specified, it will
overwrite DTTH on NLPARMX, TSTEPNX and XSTEP to control the output
time step of history file specified by FILE in this card.
DATA DATA flag indicating that data labels follow. If no DATA is specified, the
default is VAR1 = DEF.
VARi Output data label. See table 1.
(Character)
ENTRY ENTRY flag indicating that a list of identifiers is following.
IDi Entry identifier for TYPE. See table 1.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1. XHIST sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command XHIST = SID or by
XHISADD. It can only be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are
defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2. Table 1 below gives the definitions of TYPE, VARi, and IDi. The notation DEF (DX, DY, DZ,
VX, VY, VZ) means that if DEF is selected, all six values following in parenthesis are
written at once. However, instead of requesting DEF each value can be requested
individually. Details on the output requests can be found in Table 2.

3. A property cannot be in several time history groups. In this case, the only variables
output in time history are the variables declared in the last option which refers to the
property.
4. It is not possible to have the same grid point several times in the same GRID group.
OptiStruct provides an error message in such cases.
5. If an output coordinate system GRID, CD is specified: coordinates, displacement, linear

and angular velocities, linear and angular accelerations of the grid are projected to that
system.
6. If a reference frame is specified: local coordinates, relative displacement, relative linear

and angular velocities, relative linear and angular accelerations of the node with respect
to the frame are output.
7. Global results are always written.
8. The OFF element status information works as follows:
OFF = 0 – Element deleted.

OFF = 1 – Element active.
OFF = 2 – Element active using small strain.
OFF = -1 – Element is sleeping (turned rigid).
Table 1: Output Requests
TYPE VARi IDi
GRID DEF (DX, DY, DZ, VX, VY, VZ), D (DX, DY, DZ), Grid ID
V (VX, VY, VZ), A (AX, AY, AZ), VR (VRX, VRY,
VRZ) AR (ARX, ARY, ARZ), XYZ (X, Y, Z),
REACX, REACY, REACZ, REACXX, REACYY,
REACZZ
PROP DEF (IE, KE, XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM, MASS, HE), Property ID
XCG, YCG, ZCG, XXMOM, YYMOM, ZZMOM, IXX,
IYY, IZZ, IXY, IYZ, IZX, RIE, KERB, RKERB, RKE
SHELL DEF (F1, F2, F12, M1, M2, M12, IEM, IEB, EMIN, Element ID
EMAX, OFF), STRESS (F1, F2, F12, Q1, Q2, M1,
M2, M12), STRAIN (E1, E2, E12, SH1, SH2, K1,
K2, K12), PLAS (EMIN, EMAX)
SOLID DEF (SX , SY, SZ, SXY, SYZ, SXZ, IE, DENS, Element ID
PLAS, TEMP, OFF), STRESS (SX, SY, SZ, SXY,
SYZ, SXZ), LOCSTRS (LSX, LSY, LSZ, LSXY,
LSYZ, LSXZ), BULK, VOL, DAM1, DAM2, DAM3,
DAM4, DAM5, DAMA, EPSXX, EPSYY, EPSZZ,
EPSXY, EPSXZ, EPSYZ

TYPE VARi IDi
RWALL DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ), FN (FNX, Load set ID of
FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ) RWALL
CONTCT DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ), FN (FNX, Contact ID
FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ), M (MX, MY,
MZ)
SECT DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ, M1, M2, Load set ID of
M3), FN (FNX, FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ), XSECT
M (MX, MY, MZ), GLOBAL (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX,
FTY, FTZ, MX, MY, MZ), LOCAL (F1, F2, F3, M1,
M2, M3), CENTER (CX, CY, CZ)
SPRING, DEF (FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ, LX, LY, LZ, RX, Element ID
BUSH RY, RZ, IE, OFF)
BEAM, BAR DEF (F1, F2, M2, M3, IE, OFF), F3, M1 Element ID
ROD DEF(F, M, IE) Element ID
Table 2: Output Request Descriptions
Type Output Data Label Description and Remarks
Global IE Internal energy.
Global internal energy includes all

material internal energy and global
spring internal energy, but not spring
rotational internal energy.
KE Kinetic energy.
RKE Rotational kinetic energy.
CE Contact energy.
HE Hourglass energy.
SIE Spring internal energy.
EFW External forces work.
TE Energy sum IE + KE.

RTE Total rotational energy IE + KE + RKE.
TTE Total energy sum IE + KE + RKE + CE +

HE.
DTE Delta energy TTE - EFW.
XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM Momentum.
DT Time step.
TER
DTE_REL
VX, VY, VZ Velocities.
GRID X, Y, Z Coordinates.
DX, DY, DZ Displacement components.
VX, VY, VZ Velocity components.
AX, AY, AY Acceleration components.
VRX, VRY, VRZ Angular velocity components.
ARX, ARY, ARZ Angular acceleration components.
REACX, REACY, REACZ Reaction force components
REACXX, REACYY, REACZZ Reaction moment components
PROP IE Internal energy.
KE Kinetic energy.
XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM Momentum components.
HE Hourglass energy.
XCG, YCG, ZCG Center of gravity.
XXMOM, YYMOM, ZZMOM Rotational momentum components.

IXX, IYY, IZZ, IXY, IYZ, Inertia matrix components.

IZX
RIE Shear internal energy.
KERB, RKERB Translational and rotational rigid body

energy.
RKE Rotational kinetic energy.
SHELL F1, F2, F12 Stress in direction 1, 2, 12.
Q1, Q2 Mean stress in direction 13, 23.
M1, M2, M12 Moments per unit length per thickness

square in direction 1, 2, 12.
IEM, IEB Internal membrane and bending energy.
EMIN, EMAX Minimum, maximum equivalent plastic

strain.
OFF Element status.
See comment 8.
THIC Thickness.
E1, E2, E12 Stress in direction 1, 2, 12.
SH1, SH2 Shear strain in direction 1, 2.
K1, K2, K12 Curvature in direction 1, 2, 12.
SOLID SX , SY, SZ, SXY, SYZ, Stress tensor components.

SXZ
LSX, LSY, LSZ, LSXY, Local stress tensor components.

LSYZ, LSXZ
Only ISOLID = 1, 2, 12
IE Internal energy.
DENS Density.
BULK Bulk viscosity.

VOL Volume.
PLAS Plastic strain.
Only MATX02.
TEMP Temperature.
OFF Element status.
See comment 8.
CONTCT FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, Normal and tangential force
FTZ components.
MX, MY, MZ Moment components.
RWALL FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, Normal and tangential force
FTZ components.
SECT FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, Normal and tangential force
FTZ components.
MX, MY, MZ Moment components.
F1, F2, F3, M1, M2, M3 Forces and moments in section

coordinates.
CX, CY, CZ Center of the section.
SPRING, BUSH FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ Forces and moment components.
LX, LY, LZ Elongation.
RX, RY, RZ Rotation.
IE Internal energy.
OFF Element status.
BEAM, BAR F1, F2, F3, M1, M2, M3 Forces and moments in element
coordinates
IE Internal energy
OFF Element status

ROD F Axial force
M Torsional moment
IE Internal energy

XSHLPRM
Bulk Data Entry
XSHLPRM – Default Definition for Shell Element Properties for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines default shell element parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSHLPRM ISHELL ISH3N ISMSTR ITHIC K IPLAS NIP IDRIL
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSHLPRM 14 2 NEWT 5
Field Contents
ISHELL Flag for 4-node shell element formulation.
1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and

rigid modes (Belytschko).
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist).
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality.
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for

warped elements).
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation.
24 - QEPH shell formulation.
ISH3N Flag for 3-node shell element formulation.

Field Contents
1 - Standard triangle (C0).
2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation.
30 - DKT18.
31 - DKT_S3.
(new formulation compatible with all other formulation flags).
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation

activation by time step.
3 - Old small strain formulation (only compatible with ISHELL =2).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect).
Default = VAR (CONST or VAR)
CONST - Thickness is constant.
VAR - Thickness change is taken into account.
IPLAS Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (MATX2, MATX27, and MATX36
only).
Default = NEWT (RAD or NEWT)
RAD - Radial return.
NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations.
NIP Number of integration points through the thickness. NIP = 0 defines

global integration.
Default = 5 (Integer 0 < N < 10)
IDRIL Flag for drilling degree of freedom stiffness.

Field Contents
If NLGEOM or IMPDYN subcase exists, default = 1,
Otherwise, default = 0 (Integer)
0 = No
1 = Yes
Comments
1. XSHLPRM defines default settings for solid properties that can be overwritten by PSHELLX.
2. XSHLPRM is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced
4. ISHELL = 2 is incompatible with one integration point for shell element.
5. If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, the strain and stress are engineering
6. Global integration (NIP = 0) is only compatible with MAT1, MATX2, and MATX36.
7. For MAT1, membrane only behavior happens if NIP = 1. Otherwise, NIP is ignored and
global integration (NIP = 0) is used.
8. For ITHICK = VAR, it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
9. For MATX2, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = RAD.
10. For MATX36, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = NEWT.

XSOLPRM
Bulk Data Entry
XSOLPRM – Default SOLID Properties for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines default SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSOLPRM ISOLID ISMSTR IFRAME NIP
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSOLPRM 24 222
Field Contents
Default = 1 for explicit analysis and 14 for implicit analysis (Integer).



16 - Quadratic 20-node solid, full integration, variable number of

Gauss points.

Field Contents
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated.
(1 Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
1 - Small strain from time=0.
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation

activation by time step.

formulation).
IFRAME Flag for co-rotational element formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12, and

17 only).
NIP Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14, 16 only).
Default = 222 (Integer = ijk):
2 < i,j,k < 9 for ISOLID =14
2 < i,k < 3, 2 < j < 9 for ISOLID =16
where:

Comments
1. XSOLPRM defines default settings for solid properties that can be overwritten by PSOLIDX.
2. XSOLPRM is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For these, elements with four and
ten nodes the number of integration points is fixed at one and four, respectively.

4. For fully integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
7. Fully integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only uses full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
8. ISMSTR = 10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
ISMSTR = 2.
11. HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid formulation,
co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for example, combined
with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to ISOLID = 12. The
HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws.
12. HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to QEPH
shell elements.

XSTEP
Bulk Data Entry
XSTEP – Parameters for Explicit Analysis Control
Description
Defines explicit analysis control.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSTEP SID TA0 DTA DTTH NPRINT RFILE NITER NPAMS
DTSC A DTMIN TSTYP TAC T
TYPE1 TSC 1 DT1 DTM1 ESID1 AMST1
TYPE2 TSC 2 DT2 DTM2 ESID2 AMST2
-etc.-
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
XSTEP 2
0.9 DETAIL
GRID C ST 0.9 0.1e-6
Field Contents
(Integer > 0)

Field Contents
DTA Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See
comment 3).
Default = 0.01*TTERMS (Real > 0)
DTTH Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See
comment 3).
Default = 0.001*TTERMS (Real > 0)
NPRINT Print every NPRINT iteration. If negative, to .out and standard

output; if positive, only to .out file.
NITER Maximum number of iterations in conjugate gradient.
Only valid when TSTYP = GRID and TACT = AMS.
NPAMS Frequency (number of cycles) for writing additional output about

the number of iterations before convergence in the conjugate
gradient.
DTSCA Default scale factor on explicit time step for all elements.
DTMIN Default minimum explicit time step.
TSTYP Type of time step control (See comment 2).

Field Contents
ELEM Elemental time step.
GRID Nodal time step.
CONTACT Contact interface time step
DETAIL From definition in continuation lines.
Default = GRID (Character = GRID, ELEM, CONTACT or DETAIL)
TACT Action if minimum time step is reached (For TSTYP = GRID, ELEM,
CONTACT, See comment 3).
DEF Default (TSTYP = GRID, CONTACT – Do nothing, ELEM

(Shells) = DEL, ELEM (Solids) = STOP).
DEL Delete (TSTYP = ELEM and CONTACT only).
STOP Stop run.
CST Standard mass scaling. Continue with constant time step.
AMS Advanced mass scaling. Continue with constant time step

(TSTYP = GRID and CONTACT only).
Default = DEF (Character = DEF, STOP, DEL, CST, or AMS)
TYPEi Entity type selection (See comment 4).
No default (Character = GRID, CONTACT, SHELL, and SOLID)
TSCi Time step control method (See comment 4).
STOP Stop after reaching DTMi. A restart file will be written.

This option is the default for brick and quad elements.
DEL Element deletion. Elements reaching DTMi are removed.
This option is the default for shell elements. For TYPEi =
CONTACT, the impacted grid that fixes the time step will
be removed from the interface.
CST Constant time step after reaching DTMi.
For TYPEi = SHELL, SOLID (except 8 integration points

hexas) the formulation switches to small strain for each

Field Contents
element that reaches the DTMi.
For TYPEi = GRID, CONTACT, the mass of the grid that

reaches DTMi is increased. You should check the evolution
of the mass of the model.
AMS Advanced mass scaling. Constant time step after reaching

DTMi. Advanced Mass Scaling does not modify the global
mass so that the global momentum of the related nodes is
conserved. More accurate than TSCi = CST (TYPEi = GRID
and CONTACT only).
SET Forces are reduced to keep constant time step (TYPEi =
GRID only).
Default = according to table (blank or Character = STOP, DEL, CST,

AMS, SET)
DTi Time step scale factor for entity type (See comment 4).
DTMi Minimum time step for entity type.
ESIDi
AMS).
No default (blank, Integer > 0)
AMSTi Tolerance for advanced mass scaling convergence (Only for TYPEi =
AMS).
Default = 10-4 (REAL > 0.0)
Comments
1. The XSTEP bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command XSTEP =
option. It is only used in explicit analysis (ANALYSIS = EXPDYN); it is ignored in other
analyses.
2. Any number of continuation lines can be used.
3. Time step control for explicit analysis

TSTYP Elements Default Options
GRID Do nothing AMS, CST, STOP
ELEM Shells DEL CST, STOP
Solids STOP CST, DEL
With TSTYP = GRID, the nodal time step is used. With this option, the computation of
each cycle is slightly more expensive, but the time step can be higher, mainly for non-
optimized meshes and therefore the overall runtime shorter.
For TSTYP = GRID, TACT = CST, the mass of the grid that reaches DTMIN1 is increased.
You should check the evolution of the mass of the model.
For TSTYP = ELEM, TACT = CST, the element formulation switches to small strain for
each element that reaches the DTMIN1.
4. Overview of default settings and options for TYPEi:
Do Nothing STOP DEL CST AMS SET
SHELL N/A Optional Default Optional N/A N/A
SOLID N/A Default Optional Optional N/A N/A
CONTACT Default Optional Optional Optional Optional N/A
GRID Default Optional N/A Optional Optional Optional
With TYPEi = GRID, the nodal time step is used. With this option, the computation of
each cycle is slightly more expensive, but the time step can be higher, mainly for non-
optimized meshes and therefore the overall runtime shorter.
With TYPEi = GRID and TSCi = CST, DTi = 0.67 is recommended.
With TYPEi = CONTACT and TSCi = DEL, the impacted node which fixes the time step is
removed from the interface.
TYPEi = SOLID and TSCi = CST is only active for solid elements with the flag ISMSTR = 2
set on PSOLIDX. This option is not available for 8 integration points.
Analysis section.
6. TSTYP = NODA and TACT = AMS can activate elementary time step for Advanced Mass
Scaling, as well as TYPEi = NODA and TSCi = AMS.
7. NITER and NPAMS are only valid for Advanced Mass Scaling (AMS). If more NITER
iterations have been performed before convergence of the conjugate gradient, the
computation stops and error out. If NPAMS is specified, at each NPAMS cycle an
additional output is provided including: the number of iterations before convergence of

the conjugate gradient at this cycle, the final residual norm and the force vector norm.

In order to prevent analyses from being carried out on badly discretized models, an element
quality check is incorporated into the pre-processing phase. The element quality check is
controlled jointly by the CHECKEL parameter (see PARAM, CHECKEL) and the ELEMQUAL bulk
data entry.
Three types of element quality checks are performed:
1. Validity check of maximum allowable limits – a bound based on mathematical limitations.

Violation will cause singular or ill-conditioned element matrices. Examples are: a re-
entrant angle (equal to or greater than 180 degrees) in quadrilateral element/surface, 0
collapse in tetra.
2. Quality check of error limits – whether an element is in the acceptable range.
3. Quality check of warning limits – whether an element is in the recommended range.

Violation may cause poor result quality, but will not stop the solution process.
With the CHECKEL parameter, type 2 and 3 checks may be controlled and the ELEMQUAL bulk
data entry may be used to set the error and warning limits. However, the "validity" check,
type 1, is always performed – even when the value of PARAM, CHECKEL is NO.
A check for collapsed element nodes is performed for all elements. All other property checks
are performed after this collapsed node check, and will be skipped if collapsed nodes are
found. If the element quality check is activated, the checks for each element are performed
according to the following precedence: (1) validity check, (2) quality check for error limits,
and (3) quality check for warning limits. Violation of any check will skip the subsequent
check(s).
The warp angle check on CQUAD4 elements is relaxed for topography optimization. This
relaxation prevents premature error termination of the optimization due to element quality
concerns. However, be aware that the resulting mesh from a topography optimization may fail
the CQUAD4 warp angle check when reanalyzed.
The checks performed and the default bound values for each element type are outlined in the
following topics:
CGASK6 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTRIA3 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CQUAD4 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTAXI / CTRIAX6 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTETRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CPENTA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CHEXA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CPYRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CGASK6 Element Check and Default Bounds
The element check and default bounds of the CGASK6 element are identical as those of the
first-order (6-noded) CPENTA element.

first-order (8-noded) CHEXA element.

second-order (15-noded) CPENTA element. Notice that CGASK12 has six 3-node edges of
which Hoe Normal Offset and Hoe Tangent Offset are checked.

second-order (20-noded) CHEXA element. Notice that CGASK16 has 8 3-node edges of which
Hoe Normal Offset and Hoe Tangent Offset are checked.

CTRIA3 Element Check
The following qualities of the CTRIA3 element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CTRIA3 element is defined as the ratio of the maximum side
length to the minimum side length.
Skew Angle
The skew angle of a CTRIA3 element is the difference between 90 degrees and the
minimum of three angles: a1, a2 and a3. These angles are defined, for the CTRIA3
element, as the smallest of the angles created when a line drawn from a node to the
midpoint of the opposing side intersects a line connecting the midpoints of the
adjacent two sides. The skew angle has a range from 0 degrees for a perfect triangle
to 90 degrees for a collapsed triangle.
SKEW = 90 - MIN(a1,a2,a2 )
Vertex Angle
For each vertex, the angle is measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum
and maximum values of the three nodes are reported for the element.
CTRIA3 Default Bounds
Default values for Default values for Default values for

warning message error message validity check
Information
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit Limit
Aspect Ratio - 50.0 - 500.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 75.0 - 85.0 - 90.0
Vertex Angle 15.0 165.0 3.0 177.0 0.0 180.0
The values used for warning and error checks may be adjusted by the ELEMQUAL bulk data
entry, but validity checks are hard-coded.


CQUAD4 Element Check
The following qualities are checked for CQUAD4 elements:
Vertex Angle
For each vertex, the angle is measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum
and maximum values of the four nodes are reported for the element.
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CQUAD4 element is the length of its longest side, divided by the
length of its shortest side.
Skew Angle
The skew angle in a CQUAD4 element is calculated by finding the minimum angle
between two lines joining opposite mid-sides of the element. Ninety degrees minus the
minimum angle found is reported.
Warp Angle
The warpage of a CQUAD4 element is calculated by splitting the quad into two trias
and finding the angle between the two planes which the trias form. The quad is then
split again, this time using the opposite corners and forming the second set of trias.
The angle between the two planes, which the trias form, is then found. The maximum
angle found between the planes is the warp angle of the element.
CQUAD4 Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Warp Angle* - 30.0 - 60.0 - 180.0
Vertex Angle 15.0 165.0 3.0 177.0 0.0 180.0
*Warp angle limits are relaxed to 140/160/179 in topography optimization problems.

CQUAD8 Element Check
The following qualities are checked for CQUAD8 elements:
Vertex Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. For each vertex, the angle is
measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum and maximum values of the
four nodes are reported for the element.
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The aspect ratio of a CQUAD8
element is the length of its longest side, divided by the length of its shortest side.
Skew Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The skew angle in a CQUAD8
element is calculated by finding the minimum angle between two lines joining opposite
mid-sides of the element. Ninety degrees minus the minimum angle found is reported.
Warp Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The warpage of a CQUAD8
element is calculated by splitting the quad into two trias and finding the angle between
the two planes which the trias form. The quad is then split again, this time using the
opposite corners and forming the second set of trias. The angle between the two
planes, which the trias form, is then found. The maximum angle found between the
planes is the warp angle of the element.
Hoe Normal Offset

The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the
definition of hoe normal offset of 3-node edge.
Hoe Tangent Offset

The hoe tangent offset is the maximum of its edges tangent offset values. See the
definition of hoe tangent offset of 3-node edge.
CQUAD8 Default Bounds

Information warning message error message validity check
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0

Information warning message error message validity check
Warp Angle - 90.0 - 175.0 - 180.0
Vertex Angle 15.0 165.0 3.0 177.0 0.0 180.0
Hoe Normal Offset - 0.30 - 0.60 - 1.0E5
Hoe Tangent - 0.20 - 0.24 - 0.25

Offset

CTAXI / CTRIAX6 Element Checks and Default Bound
Values
3-node CTAXI / CTRIA6 Element Check and Default Bounds
The element check and default bounds of the 3-node CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element are identical
as those of the CTRIA3 element.
6-node CTAXI / CTRIA6 Element Check and Default Bounds
The element check and default bounds of the 6-node CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element are identical
as those of the CTRIA3 element.

CTRIA6 Element Check
The following qualities of the CTRIA6 element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. It is defined as the ratio of the
maximum side length to the minimum side length.
Skew Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. It is the difference between 90
degrees and the minimum of three angles: a1, a2 and a3. These angles are defined, for
the CTRIA6 element, as the smallest of the angles created when a line drawn from a
node to the midpoint of the opposing side intersects a line connecting the midpoints of
the adjacent two sides. The skew angle has a range from 0 degrees for a perfect
triangle to 90 degrees for a collapsed triangle.
Vertex Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. For each vertex, the angle is
measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum and maximum values of the
three nodes are reported for the element.
Hoe Normal Offset

The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the
Hoe Tangent Offset

CTRIA6 Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 50.0 - 500.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 75.0 - 85.0 - 90.0
Vertex Angle 15.0 165.0 3.0 177.0 0.0 180.0
Hoe Normal - 0.30 - 0.60 - 1.0E5

Offset

Information
Hoe Tangent - 0.20 - 0.24 - 0.25

Offset

Hoe Tangent Offset of 3-node Edge
The hoe tangent offset of a 3-node edge is defined as the ratio of the distance between the
real and ideal mid-side node and the distance between the corner nodes of the edge. If the
mid-side node does not lie on the line connecting the corner nodes (that is the edge has a
non-zero normal offset), then its projection on the line is used in the calculation.
HTEi = Hoe tangent offset of edge i
= di / li

Hoe Normal Offset of 3-node Edge
The hoe normal offset of a 3-node edge is defined as the ratio between the mid-side node’s
normal offset distance (distance between the mid-side node and the line connecting the two
corner nodes of the edge) and the distance between the two corner nodes.
HNEi = Hoe normal offset of edge i
= hi / li

CTETRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTETRA 1st-order (4-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CTETRA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratio of its four triangular faces. Each face is treated as a CTRIA3 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the
skew angles of its four triangular faces. Each face is treated as a CTRIA3 element.
Vertex Angle
The same vertex angle check is performed for all of the faces, and each is treated as a
triangular (CTRIA3) or quadrilateral (CQUAD4) element. The minimum and maximum values
reported for the element.
Collapse
The collapse of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the minimum of four values,
each calculated as the ratio between the distance from a vertex to its opposing face, and
the square root of the area of the opposing face.
collapse = MIN (hi / sqrt(Ai)) i = 1,2,3,4
The reported value is normalized by 1.2408, which gives the equilateral tetra a collapse
value of 1. As the tetra collapses, the collapse value approaches 0.
Edge Angle
An edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge subtracted from 90 degrees. The edge angle (EA) of a CTETRA 1st-order element is
defined as the maximum of its six edge angles.
EA = MAX | 90 - ANGLE(Nki, Nli) i = 1, ... 6
Where, Nki and Nli are the normal vectors of faces k and l that have a common edge i.

CTETRA 2nd-order (10-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. Its definition is the same as that
used for the CTETRA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Collapse
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal and tangent offsets of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are defined as the
maximum of the hoe normal and tangent offsets of its 6 edges, respectively. See the
Hoe Tangent Offset
The hoe normal and tangent offsets of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are defined as the
maximum of the hoe normal and tangent offsets of its 6 edges, respectively. See

CTETRA Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Face Skew Angle - 75.0 - 85.0 - 90.0
C ollapse 0.001 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1000.0
Edge Angle - 75.0 - 87.0 - 90.0
Hoe Tangent Offset - 0.20 - 0.25 - 0.50

CPENTA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CPENTA 1st-order (6-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPENTA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratios of its three quadrilateral faces and two triangular faces. Each quadrilateral face is
treated as a CQUAD4 element and each triangular face as a CTRIA3 element.
Face Skew Angle
The skew angle of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum skew angle
among its three quadrilateral faces and two triangular faces. Each quadrilateral face is
treated as a CQUAD4 element and each triangular face as a CTRIA3 element.
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
The face warpage of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum warpage
among the three quadrilateral faces, each treated as a CQUAD4 element.
Twist Angle
The twist angle is defined as the rotation of one triangular face with respect to the
opposite triangular face. The rotation is computed as follows: first construct a reference
plane perpendicular to the line connecting the centroids of the two triangular faces. The
three edges of each triangular are then projected to this reference plane. The maximum
angle between the corresponding edges of the two projected triangles is reported as the
twist angle of the CPENTA 1st-order element.
Edge Angle
The edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge, subtracted from 90 degrees. For warped quadrilateral faces, the projected planes
defined by the plane vectors are used to compute the face normals (see definition of
reference plane for quadrilateral element or face), which are used in the angle calculation.
The edge angle of a CPENTA 1st-order is defined as the maximum edge angles in the
element.
CPENTA 2nd-order (15-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPENTA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CPENTA 1st-order element.

Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
Twist Angle
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the definition
of hoe normal offset of 3-node edge.
Hoe Tangent Offset
CPENTA Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Face Warp Angle - 30.0 - 60.0 - 180.0
Twist Angle - 30.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Edge Angle - 75.0 - 87.0 - 90.0

Information
Hoe Tangent - 0.20 - 0.25 - 0.5

Offset

Reference Plane for Quadrilateral Element or Face
In order to measure the distortion of the quadrilateral face of a solid element, a unique
reference plane is defined by two auxiliary plane vectors. The plane vectors are calculated
as:
PL1 = (V3 + V2 ) - (V1 + V4 )
PL2 = (V3 + V4 ) - (V1 + V2 )
where, V1, V2, V3, and V4 are the vectors that connect the four corner nodes with the
centroid of the quadrilateral. These two plane vectors and the centroid are then used to
construct the reference plane. These vectors of a non-warping quadrilateral face are shown
below:

CHEXA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CHEXA 1st-order (8-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CHEXA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum aspect ratio
among its six faces; each treated as a CQUAD4 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum skew angle
Vertex Angle
quadrilateral (CQUAD4) element. The minimum and maximum values reported for the
element.
Face Warpage
The face warpage of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum warpage
Twist Angle
The twist angle of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum rotation of one
face with respect to its opposite face. The calculation is done as follows:
For each face, define two diagonal vectors as:
D1 = 0.25 * (PL1 + PL2)

D2 = 0.25 * (PL1 + PL2)
where, PL1 and PL2 are the place vectors of the face treated as CQUAD4. See the
definition of reference plane for quadrilateral element or face. The diagonal vectors for a
planar parallelogram can be show below:
Then, for each pair of opposing faces, a reference plane that is perpendicular to the axis
connecting the centroids of the faces is constructed. The diagonal vectors D1 and D2 of
each of the two opposite faces are projected onto this reference plane. The angles
between the projected and the projected are computed as t 1 and t 2. The
maximum of t 1 and t 2 is defined as the relative rotation between these two opposite faces
(TAF). Finally, the twist angle (TA) of a CHEXA 1st-order is calculated as the maximum
relative rotation of its three pairs of opposing faces.

Edge Angle
An edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge, subtracted from 90 degrees. For warped faces, the projected planes are used to
compute the face normals used for the angle calculation. The edge angle of a CHEXA 1st-
order is defined as the maximum edge angle in the element.
CHEXA 1st-order Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5

Information
Face Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Face Warp Angle - 30.0 - 60.0 - 180.0
Twist Angle - 30.0 - 90.0 - 180.0
Edge Angle - 60.0 - 85.0 - 90.0
CHEXA 2nd-order (20-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CHEXA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CHEXA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
Twist Angle
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset

Hoe Tangent Offset
CHEXA 2nd-order Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Face Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Face Warp Angle - 30.0 - 60.0 - 180.0
Twist Angle - 30.0 - 75.0 - 180.0
Edge Angle - 60.0 - 89.0 - 90.0
Hoe Normal - 0.30 - 0.60 - 1.0E5

Offset
Hoe Tangent - 0.20 - 0.25 - 0.50

Offset

CPYRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CPYRA 1st-order (5-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPYRA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratios of its four triangular faces and the quadrilateral base face. Each triangular face is
treated as a CTRIA3 element and the quadrilateral face as a CQUAD4 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the skew
angles of its four triangular faces and the quadrilateral base face. Each triangular face is
treated as a CTRIA3 element and the quadrilateral face as a CQUAD4 element.
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
The face skew angle of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the warpage of its
quadrilateral base face, which is treated as a CQUAD4 element.
CPYRA 2nd-order (13-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPYRA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CPYRA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage

Hoe Normal Offset
Hoe Tangent Offset
CPYRA Default Bounds

Information
Aspect Ratio - 100.0 - 1000.0 - 1.0E5
Skew Angle - 60.0 - 75.0 - 90.0
Face Warp Angle - 30.0 - 60.0 - 180.0
Hoe Tangent Offset - 0.20 - 0.25 - 0.5

In order to prevent analyses from being carried out on models with poor material definitions, a
material property check is incorporated into the pre-processing phase. The material property
check is controlled by the CHECKMAT parameter (see the PARAM input format).
There are several levels of requirements that material data needs to satisfy:
1. Symmetry requirements - These are assured by the input formats.
2. Mathematical requirements - These have to be satisfied so that the stiffness matrix can
be formulated at all, and are usually not very strict. For example, to avoid division by
zero, MAT1 in 3D must have n¹-1 and n¹0.5. Composite homogenization adds additional
mathematical requirements. Failure to meet these criteria will always result in an error
termination.
3. Stability requirements - By default, "semi-stability" combined with "not-all-zeros" stability

based on the following definitions is required:
Full stability - This means that the material is stable; when pulled it stretches rather
than shrinks, etc. For example, E>0 assures stability for a rod. In a mathematical
sense, stability assures that the stiffness matrix (with proper support) will be Semi-
Positive Definite (SPD).
Semi-stability - This is a slight extension of stability to include borderline cases such as
allowing E=0. It guarantees that the stiffness matrix (with proper support) will be
Semi-Positive Semi-Definite (SPSD). However, this can lead to infinite or very large
compliances.
Not all zeros - This is an additional requirement that at least one deformation mode of
the material is active (non-zero stiffness). This avoids element stiffness matrices that
are identically zero. However, It does not prevent infinite or very large compliances.
An error termination will occur if a material has negative stiffness.
A warning is produced if any individual mode of deformation has zero stiffness.
An error termination will occur if all modes of deformation have zero stiffness.
4. Consistency requirements - This is a requirement that user provided data be internally

consistent. For example, specifying E, G and Nu for isotropic material may lead to
inconsistent data.
5. Practical material requirements - These are requirements that correspond to typical

practical materials. For example, while stability requirements allow for negative Poisson's
ratio, the natural materials usually have positive n (although some composites and nano-
materials with negative n exist).
You may choose to perform only those checks that are necessary to avoid crashes in the
element routines (that is the Mathematical Requirement checks). This is facilitated through
the specification of PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO in the bulk data section of the input deck.
The checks performed for MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT8, and MAT9 are outlined in the following
topics:
Material Property Checks for MAT1


In addition to the property requirements, there are usage and recalculation rules for MAT1
data.
Usage Rules for MAT1 Data
Element Type E G n
ROD, BEAM, Used for bending and Used for torsion. Unused.
BAR tension.
QUAD, TRIA Used in combination with Used for transverse Used in combination with
n for bending and shear. E for bending and
membrane. membrane.
SOLID Used in combination with Unused. Used in combination with

n. n.
Recalculation Rules for MAT1
In cases when not all material parameters are given for MAT1, here are the recalculation rules
for the remaining parameters. Note that in cases of two prescribed parameters, this is
obvious; while in cases of a single prescribed parameter, you are making an assumption as to
which one is assumed to be zero.
Given Mean
E G n E G n
given given as given G = E / 2(1 + n) as given
given given as given as given n = E/2G - 1
given given E = 2G(1 + n) as given as given
given as given 0.0 0.0
given 0.0 as given 0.0
given not allowed

Material Requirements for MAT1
The property requirements on MAT1 vary depending on whether it is used for 1D, 2D, or 3D
elements. The details are provided in the table below.
Material MAT1 - 1D MAT1 - 2D MAT1 - 3D

Requirements
Mathematical n = -1 results in error n = -1 or n = 1 n = -1 or n = 0.5

termination. results in error results in error
termination. termination.
Semi-stability E < 0 or G < 0 results E < 0, G < 0, n < -1 E < 0, n < -1, or n >
in error termination. > or -n > 0.5 results 0.5 results in error
in error termination. termination.
PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO
will disable this error. PARAM,CHECKMAT,N PARAM,CHECKMAT,N
O will disable this O will disable this
n < -1 or n > 0.5 error. error.
results in a warning
(however, this is
unused in 1D).
Not all zeros If both E = 0 and G = If both E = 0 and G E < 0 results in error
0, an error termination = 0, an error termination.
occurs. termination occurs.
If either E = 0 or G = If either E = 0 or G =
0, a warning is given. 0, a warning is
given.
Consistency A warning is provided A warning is provided A warning is
n). / 2(1 + n).
Mathematical for After

composites homogenization, if
either E = 0 or G =
0, an error
termination occurs.

MAT2 only applied to 2D elements.
Material Requirements MAT2
Mathematical none
Semi-stability If any eigenvalues of [G] < 0, an error termination will occur.
PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO will disable this error.
Not all zeros If all eigenvalues of [G] = 0, an error termination will occur.
If any eigenvalue of [G] = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency none
Mathematical for After homogenization, if Det[G] = 0, an error termination will

composites occur.

MAT3 only applies to axisymmetric elements.
Mathematical If EX = 0, ETH = 0, EZ = 0 or
NUXTH * NUTHX + NUTHZ * NUZTH + NUZX * NUXZ + 2 *

NUXTH * NUTHZ * NUZX = 1,
an error termination will occur (See comment 1).
Semi-stability If EX < 0, ETH < 0, EZ < 0 or GZX < 0, an error termination

will occur.
Not all zeros If GZX = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency none
Comments
1. By substitution of
into
NUXTH * NUTHX + NUTHZ * NUZTH + NUZX * NUXZ + 2 * NUXTH * NUTHZ * NUZX = 1,
it can be expressed in terms of

MAT8 only applies to 2D elements.
Mathematical If n1 2 *n2 1 = 1, an error termination will occur (See comment

1).
Semi-stability E1 < 0, E2 < 0, G1 2 < 0, G1 ,Z < 0, or G2 ,Z < 0 will result in an

error termination.
Not all zeros If E1 = 0, E2 = 0 , and G1 2 = 0, an error termination will

occur.
If E1 = 0, E2 = 0 , or G1 2 = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency E1 *n2 1 = E2 *n1 2 is assured as only n12 is input.
Mathematical for After homogenization, if Det[G] = 0, an error termination will

composites occur.
Comments
1. By substitution of E1*n21 = E2*n12 into n12*n21 = 1, it can be expressed in terms of

n12*n12*E2/E1 = 1.

MAT9 only applies to 3D elements.
Mathematical none
Semi-stability If any eigenvalues of [G] < 0, an error termination will occur.
Not all zeros If all eigenvalues of [G] = 0, an error termination will occur.
If any eigenvalue of [G] = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency none

Output Data
Descriptions for individual output files can be accessed by selecting from the links for each
entry, listed below in groups according to type and alphabetically on the Files Created by
OptiStruct page.
The filenames listed on this page contain only the tail part of the name. For most files, the
full filename is controlled by the OUTFILE command (ASSIGN,OUTFILE), and in the absence of
OUTFILE, they use the root of input filename. Unless otherwise noted for a specific file type
(.#.eigv), all output files have the same root and are located in the same folder. The only
exception is <BODY_NAME>.h3d; these files may not have a common root in the filename.
HyperMesh OptiStruct
.amls_singularity.cmf file .#.asens file

.HM.comp.cmf file .#.eigv file
.HM.conn.cmf file .#.sens file
.HM.elcheck.cmf file .#.grid file
.HM.elcheck.###.cmf file .#.sh file
.HM.ent.cmf file .cstr file
.HM.gapstat.cmf file .dens file
.res file .disp file
.dvgrid file
HyperView/HyperGraph .echo file
.#.h3d file .force file
.h3d file .fsthick file
.hgdata file .gpf file
_des.h3d file .grid file
_freq.mvw file .hist file
_gauge.h3d file .interface file
_hist.mvw file .load file
_mass.mvw file .mass file
_modal.#.mvw file .mpcf file
_modal.mvw file .out file
_rand.mvw file .pret file
_topol.h3d file .prop file
_tran.mvw file .rand file
_s#.h3d file .seplot file
_sens.#.mvw file .sh file

_freq.#.mvw file .spcd file
_mass.#.mvw file .spcf file
.stat file
Nastran .strn file
.k.op2 file .strs file
.m.op2 file _err.grid file
.op2 file _s#_a.frf file
.pch file _s#_a.mbd file
.peak file _s#_a.trn file
_s#_d.frf file
OSSmooth _s#_d.mbd file
.oss file _s#_d.trn file

_s#_v.frf file
Multi-body Dynamics _s#_v.mbd file
_mbd.h3d file _s#_v.trn file
_mbd.log file .#.#.fat file
_mbd.mrf file .#.mass file
_mbd.mvw file .desvar file
_mbd.xml file .pcomp file
<BODY_NAME>.h3d file _s#_a.#.frf file
.mnf file _s#_d.#.frf file

_s#_v.#.frf file
_shuffling.#.fem file
_sizing.#.fem file
Patran Alternative Patran
.#.#.#.dis file .#.#.dis.# file

.#.#.dis file .#.dis.# file
.#.#.els file .#.els.# file
.#.dis file .dis.# file
.#.els file .els.# file
HTML
Microsoft Excel

.html file .#.slk file
_frames.html file
_gso.slk file
_menu.html file

List of Files Created by OptiStruct (Alphabetical)
The filenames listed on this page contain only the tail part of the name. For most files, the
full filename is controlled by the OUTFILE command (ASSIGN,OUTFILE), and in the absence of
OUTFILE, they use the root of input filename. Unless otherwise noted for a specific file type
(.#.eigv), all output files have the same root and are located in the same folder. The only
exception is <BODY_NAME>.h3d; these files may not have a common root in the filename.
.#.#.#.dis file
.#.#.dis file
.#.#.dis.# file
.#.#.els file
.#.#.fat file
.#.asens file
.#.dis file
.#.dis.# file
.#.eigv file
.#.els file
.#.els.# file
.#.grid file
.#.h3d file
.#.mass file
.#.sens file
.#.sh file
.#.slk file
.amls_singularity.cmf file
.cntf file
.contgap.fem file
.cstr file
.dens file
.desvar file
.dis.# file
.disp file
.dvgrid file
.echo file
.els.# file
.force file
.fsthick file
.gpf file
.grid file

.h3d file
.hgdata file
.hist file
.HM.comp.cmf file
.HM.conn.cmf file
.HM.elcheck.cmf file
.HM.elcheck.###.cmf file
.HM.ent.cmf file
.HM.gapstat.cmf file
.html file
.interface file
.k.op2 file
.load file
.m.op2 file
.mass file
.mnf file
.mpcf file
.op2 file
.oss file
.out file
.pch file
.pcomp file
.peak file
.pret file
.prop file
.rand file
.res file
.seplot file
.sh file
.spcd file
.spcf file
.stat file
.strn file
.strs file
_des.h3d file
_err.grid file
_frames.html file
_freq.#.mvw file

_freq.mvw file
_gauge.h3d file
_gso.slk file
_hist.mvw file
_mass.#.mvw file
_mass.mvw file
_mbd.h3d file
_mbd.log file
_mbd.mrf file
_mbd.mvw file
_mbd.xml file
_menu.html file
_modal.#.mvw file
_modal.mvw file
_rand.mvw file
_s#.h3d file
_s#_a.#.frf file
_s#_a.frf file
_s#_a.mbd file
_s#_a.trn file
_s#_d.#.frf file
_s#_d.frf file
_s#_d.mbd file
_s#_d.trn file
_s#_v.#.frf file
_s#_v.frf file
_s#_v.mbd file
_s#_v.trn file
_sens.#.mvw file
_sizing.#.fem file
_topol.h3d file
_tran.mvw file
<BODY_NAME>.h3d file

.#.#.#.dis file
The .#.#.#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and normal modes analyses are
performed. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result Description
Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each calculated mode at each iteration where the I/O Option
RESULTS requests analytical results to be output.
2. The first # in the file name is the iteration number.
3. The second # in the file name is the user-defined Subcase ID.
4. The third # in the file name is the mode number.

.#.#.dis file
The .#.#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
(See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each subcase at each iteration where the I/O Option RESULTS
requests analytical results to be output.

.#.#.dis.# file
The .#.#.dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and normal modes analyses are
performed. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result Description
Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each calculated mode at each iteration where the I/O Option
RESULTS requests analytical results to be output.
2. The first # in the file name is the user-defined Subcase ID.
3. The second # in the file name is the mode number.
4. The third # in the file name is the iteration number.

.#.#.els file
The .#.#.els file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result Description
Stress Stress results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled by the I/O
Option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Comments

.#.#.fat file
The .#.#.fat file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created for fatigue analysis and optimization.
File Contents
This file contains the average fatigue life/damage, top five damaged elements, and the
detailed damage information (contribution from each static loadcase).
Comments
2. The second # in the file name is the user-defined fatigue subcase ID.
3. If a fatigue optimization is performed, this file is created for each fatigue subcase at the
first and last iterations.

.#.asens file
The .#.asens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by the
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The file contains sensitivity information for all responses with respect to topology design
variables (density) at a given iteration (denoted by the # in the file name).
File Format
The sensitivities are listed in a single column and are grouped by response. A blank line
separates each response grouping.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the iteration number.

.#.dis file
The .#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and shape or topography design
variables are present. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result Description
Shape Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DENSRES.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O Option DENSRES requests
topography or shape results to be output.

.#.dis.# file
The .#.dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled

by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
3. The second # in the file name is the iteration number.

.#.eigv file
The _#.eigv file is an OptiStruct binary data file.
File Creation
This file is created by the subcase information entry EIGVSAVE. The prefix for the file name is
controlled by the I/O option EIGVNAME.
File Contents
Result Description
Eigenvalue Eigenvalue results from normal modes analyses.
Comments
1. This file is used to store eigenvalue results from normal modes analyses for retrieval by
modal frequency response subcases. The EIGVRETRIEVE subcase information entry is
used to retrieve values from this file.
2. The # in the file name is the integer argument given to EIGVSAVE.

.#.els file
The .#.els file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and topology design variables are
present. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result Description
Density Density results from topology optimizations. Output is controlled by the

I/O Option DENSRES.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O Option DENSRES requests
topology results to be output.

.#.els.# file
The .#.els.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result Description
option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Comments
1. One such file is created for each subcase at each iteration where the I/O option RESULTS

.#.grid file
The .#.grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when topography or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the I/O Option SHRES.
File Contents
Result Description
Nodal locations The nodal coordinates of the model at iteration # of the

optimization.
File Format
The file uses the following format for each grid in the model:
GRID Id Cp X1 X2 X3 Cd Ps
where:
GRID identifies this as a GRID card image.
Id is the unique grid point identification number.
Cp is blank.
X1, X2, X3 provide the location of the grid point in the global coordinate
system.
Cd is the identification number of the coordinate system in which the

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution
vectors are defined at the grid point.
Ps is the SPC associated with the grid.
Comments

.#.h3d file
The .#.h3d files are compressed binary files, containing model, analysis, and optimization
result data. They can be used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the
HyperView Player.
File Creation
The .#.h3d files are created when the OUTPUT, H3D, <frequency>, BYITER output option is
present and an optimization is performed.
File Contents
The .#.h3d files contain node and element definitions. In the case of shape optimization, the
model is updated to the shape of the respective iteration. The following results are included:
Result Description
Acceleration Acceleration results from frequency response, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option ACCELERATION.
Composite ply strain Ply strain results for composite materials from static
analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by the

SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Composite ply stress Ply stress results for composite materials from static and
analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by the

Composite failure indices Failure indices for composite materials from static
analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS, by the

SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition and by
the related fields on the relevant material definition (see
MAT1, MAT2, MAT8).
Density Density results from topology optimizations.
Output is controlled by the I/O option DENSITY.

Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from static, frequency response,

transient response, and multi-body dynamics analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear buckling

analyses.
Element force Element force results from static, frequency response,

acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or

ELFORCE).
Element strain energy Element strain energy results from static and normal
modes analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option ESE.
Grid point stress Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static
analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or

GSTRESS).
Shape Shape results from topography or shape optimizations.
Output is controlled by the I/O option SHAPE.
Single-point force of Single-point force of constraint results from static

constraint analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option SPCFORCE.
Strain Strain results from static, frequency response, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is
controlled by the I/O option STRAIN.
Stress Stress results from static, frequency response, transient


Result Description
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or

ELSTRESS).
Thickness Thickness results from size and topology optimizations.
Output is controlled by the I/O option THICKNESS.
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response, transient

Output is controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
Comments
2. Grid point stresses are output for the entire model and for each individual component.
This allows grid point stresses to be accurately obtained at the interface of two
components referencing different material definitions.

.#.mass file
The .#.mass file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when modal optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS is

presented.
File Contents
This file contains the total effective mass fraction.
File Format
The file is formatted into blocks separated by blank lines. Each block represents a modal
subcase. The subcases are in order of occurrence in the input deck.
Each block contains six columns and a number of rows. The number of rows is equal to the
number of requested modes for this subcase. The columns, from left to right, contain the
total effective mass fraction for X-translation, Y-translation, Z-translation, X-rotation, Y-
rotation, and Z-rotation. The summary of each column is 100%.
Comments
2. This file is used by the _mass.#.mvw session file which automatically creates bar charts
for the results.

.#.sens file
The .#.sens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Content
The file contains sensitivity information for all responses to size and shape design variables at
a given iteration (denoted by the # in the file name).
File Format
The sensitivities are listed in a single column and are grouped by response. A blank line
separates each response grouping.
Comments
2. The _sens.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates histogram plots for the
results contained in this file.

.#.sh file
The .#.sh file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Output of this file is controlled by the
I/O Option SHRES.
File Contents
Contains information necessary to restart the optimization from a given iteration.
Comments

.#.slk file
The .slk file is a Microsoft Excel SYLK Format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when size or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the SENSITIVITY and SENSOUT I/O options.
File Contents
The file contains sensitivity information for size and shape design variables.
File Format
The only values that can be changed in this file are those listed in the "New" column. All
other values are either fixed or their calculation is fixed. When the .slk file is created, the
values in the "New" column match those in the "Reference" column. These values may be
adjusted, but should always remain within the design variable's bounds.
Each size and shape design variable in the model is listed in the left-hand column of the
sensitivity table. Information concerning a particular design variable is given in the row where
its label is listed. The current value and the upper and lower bounds of the design variables
are given in the columns, "Reference," "Lower," and "Upper" respectively.
Each referenced response in the model has its own column. These response columns are on
the right-hand side of the sensitivity table. The calculated sensitivity of a response to
changes in a design variable at the current iteration is given in the row corresponding to that
design variable and the column corresponding to that response.
Beneath the list of design variables, in the left-hand column, are the headings "Response lower
bound," "Response reference," and "Response upper bound". If a response is constrained, the
constraint value will be given in either the "Response lower bound" or the "Response upper
bound" row of the column corresponding to that response. The value given in the "Response
reference" row is the calculated value of the response using the design variable reference
values.
At the bottom of the left-hand column are the headings: "Response linear," "Response
reciprocal," and "Response conservative". The response values in these rows are the
predicted values of the responses for three different approximations. Initially, these values
will match one another and the "Response reference" value for each response. This is
because these are the predicted values of the response at the given variable settings, which
initially are the same settings used to calculate the "Response reference" value. Once the
design variable values in the "New" column are altered, these values will change.
The "Response linear" row predicts the response value using linear approximation. This is
calculated as:
where:

R1 is the predicted response value.
R0 is the response reference value.
are the new values of the design variables.
are the reference values of the design variables.
are the sensitivities of the response to the design variables.
The "Response reciprocal" row predicts the response value using reciprocal approximation.
This is calculated as:
where:
R1 is the predicted response value.
R0 is the response reference value.
are the new values of the design variables.
are the reference values of the design variables.
are the sensitivities of the response to the design variables.
The "Response conservative" row predicts the response value using a combination of the
above approximations where linear approximation is used, when the sensitivity is positive, and
reciprocal approximation is used when the sensitivity is negative. Therefore, if all sensitivities
are positive, the conservative prediction will match the linear prediction. If all sensitivities are
negative, it will match the reciprocal prediction, but if there is a mixture of positive and
negative sensitivities for a given response then the conservative prediction will match neither
the linear nor the reciprocal prediction.
The normalized values simply show the predicted response as a fraction of the response
reference value.

Comments
1. The # in the file name refers to the iteration number.

.amls_singularity.cmf file
The .amls_singularity.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
This file is created when an AMLS run is performed and singular grid points are detected by
AMLS.
File Contents
This file contains a list of GRID point identification numbers which are found to be singular
during an AMLS run.
Format
*entitysetcreate("ÂMLS singular grids",nodes,#)
*createmark(nodes,#)
List of GRID Identification numbers
*entitysetupdate("ÂMLS singular grids",nodes,#)
Comments
1. Verify that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the command
file.

.cntf file
The .cntf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI format is selected in the CONTF I/O Options Entry for
nonlinear quasi-static analysis (NLSTAT) runs.
File Contents
Result Description
Contact Forces Contact force results from nonlinear quasi-static analysis (with
contact) runs. Output is controlled by the I/O option CONTF.
File Format
The .cntf file has the following format:
For each iteration, the following header is used:
iter Iteration Numel
where:
iter is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration number.
Iteration is the Iteration number.
Numel is the total number of nonlinear quasi-static subcases (with

contact) in the entire model.
Within the iteration section, the following information is provided for each subcase:
SUBCASE: <Subcase ID> <Number of Contact Interfaces>
LOAD: <Load ID>
LABEL: <Label>
CONTACT INTERFACE: TOTAL FORCE ACTING ON MASTER SURFACE (BASIC SYSTEM)
CONTACT# FORCE-X FORCE-Y FORCE-Z MAGNITUDE

where:
CONTACT# is the Contact Interface identification number (CTID on the

CONTACT Bulk Data Entry).
FORCE-X is the component of the total contact force along the X-axis
of the Basic System.
FORCE-Y is the component of the total contact force along the Y-axis
FORCE-Z is the component of the total contact force along the Z-axis
MAGNITUDE is the magnitude of the total contact force acting on the

Master Surface

.contgap.fem file
The .contgap.fem file is an ASCII format file. It is used to visualize the internally created
contact elements. The contact elements are presented as CGAPG elements.
File Creation
This file is created when CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES is used.
File Contents
The file contains CGAPG elements, PGAP properties, and the auxiliary GRIDs for contact
visualization.
File Format
The formats of GRID, CGAPG, and PGAP are the same as for the bulk data entries.
Comments
1. To visualize the configuration of the contact elements, load the original FEA model in
HyperMesh and import this file. Ensure that the FE overwrite option is turned on in the
import panel.
2. During optimization, this file contains the contact elements at the latest iteration. To
visualize this configuration correctly for shape optimization, the shape of the FEA model
should be updated by applying shape change results.
3. The parameter GAPPRM,GPCOINC is automatically included in this file.

.cstr file
The .cstr file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI, OS or BOTH formats are chosen. (See documentation for
the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description
Composite stress or strain Composite stress and strain results from linear static.
Output is controlled by the I/O options CSTRESS or
CSTRAIN. On PCOMP, SOUT=YES needs to be selected.
File Format
The composite stress file format is self-explanatory. It gives the stress, strain and composite
failure for each element and its plies.
Comments
1. The I/O option RESULTS controls the frequency of output for analytical results during an
optimization.

.dens file
The .dens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI, OS or BOTH formats are chosen and a topology
optimization is performed. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description

I/O option DENSRES.
File Format
The density file has the following format:
iter Iteration Numel
where:
iter is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration number.
Numel is the total number of elements in entire model.
Within the iteration section, the following information is provided for each element:
EID Mat_dens
where:
EID is the element identification number.

Mat_dens is the element material density. Non-design elements are
assigned a material density of 1.0.

.desvar file
The .desvar file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT,DESVAR is requested in size or shape optimization.
File Contents
This file contains the updated design variables at last iteration.
File Format
The format for design variable output is the same as for the bulk data entries.

.dis.# file
The .dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and shape or topography design
variables are present. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description
Shape Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is controlled

by the I/O option DENSRES.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O option DENSRES requests
topography or shape results to be output.

.disp file
The .disp file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
Acceleration Acceleration results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option ACCELERATION.
Displacement Displacement results from linear static, inertia relief, and frequency
response analyses. Output is controlled by the I/O option
DISPLACEMENT.
Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear buckling analyses.
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
The displacement file has the following format:
iter Iteration Numids
where:
iter is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration

number.
Iteration is the iteration number.
Numids is the number of linear static subcases plus the number of

calculated normal and buckling modes.

Within the iteration section, the following header is used for each linear static subcase,
normal or linear buckling mode, or direct modal frequency response:
LCID Numnod Freq Result: SPCcase (Datatype)
where:
LCID is the output ID for the subcase or mode. This is not
necessarily the same as the subcase ID defined in the input
data.
Numnod is the number of grids in the model.
Freq is the frequency or Buckling eigenvalue (1.0 for static

subcases).
Result is a keyword declaring the result type given.
DISP indicates displacement result.
VELO indicates a velocity result (for frequency response

analysis only).
ACCE indicates an acceleration result (for frequency response

analysis only).
SPCcase is the SPC set identification number for linear static, inertia
relief, or frequency response subcases or 1 for eigenvectors.
Datatype is a keyword indicating the type of subcase involved.
(LOAD) declares data is from a static subcase.
(EIGV) declares data is from a normal modes subcase.
(BKLV) declares data is from a linear buckling subcase.
(DFRQ) declares data is from a direct frequency response

subcase.
(MFRQ) declares data is from a modal frequency response

subcase.

Within the subcase or mode section, the following information is provided for each
node:
NID X disp Y disp Z disp
where:
NID is the node identification number.
X is the X displacement of the node.
Y is the Y displacement of the node.
Z is the Z displacement of the node.
Comments
optimization.

.dvgrid file
The .dvgrid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when an analysis is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by
the I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The file contains shape variable definitions for the displacements or eigenvectors resulting
from linear static, inertia relief, or normal modes analyses.
File Format
DESVAR and DVGRID definitions are provided for each linear static subcase and for each
calculated normal mode.
Output for linear static subcases begins with a header in the following format:
$
$ DESVAR and DVGRIDs for static load case subcase_id
$
where:
subcase_id is the user-defined subcase identification number.
Output for calculated normal modes begins with a header in the following format:
$
$ DESVAR and DVGRIDs for eigenvalue load case subcase_id, Mode Number
mode_number
$
where:
subcase_id is the user-defined subcase identification number.
mode_number is the mode number.
The DESVAR and DVGRID definitions are formatted as per the bulk data descriptions.

.echo file
The .echo file is an OptiStruct input file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the I/O option ECHO = PUNCH.
File Contents
The file represents a copy of the input deck in a form suitable to use for another solution
which, when used with the same subcase information and I/O options entries, should generate
identical results (round off error may be noticeable if the original input deck uses large field
format).

.els.# file
The .els.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and topology design variables are
present. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description

I/O option DENSRES.
Comments
1. One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O option DENSRES requests
topology results to be output.

.force file
The .force file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the FORCE (ELFORCE) I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Force Force results from linear static analysis for ELAS (CELAS1, CELAS2,
CELAS3, CELAS4), ROD (CROD), BAR (CBAR, CBEAM), BUSH (CBUSH),
PLATE (CQUAD, CTRIA), and GAP (CGAP) elements.
File Format
The file is divided up by iteration. Output from each iteration starts with a line in the following
format:
ITER Iteration_number Number_of_subcases
where:
ITER is a keyword denoting the beginning of a new iteration.
Iteration_number is the Iteration number.
Number_of_subcases is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
Each iteration section is divided up by subcase. Output for each subcase starts with a line in
the following format:
Id Number_of_elements Frequency LOAD:Spc_id(Datatype)

subcase_label
where:
ID is the output identification number for the subcase.

This is not the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.
Number_of_elem is the number of elements for which this output is requested.

ents
Frequency is 1.0 for static analysis.

LOAD is a keyword declaring applied load information.
Spc_id is the SID for SPC's referenced by this subcase.
(Datatype) is a keyword indicating the type of subcase involved.
(LOAD) declares data is for a linear static subcase.
Each subcase section is divided up by element-type. Output for each element-type section
starts with one of the following formats (depending on the elements present in the model):
ELAS # FORC E
ROD# FORC E-A FORC E-B
BUSH# F-X F-Y F-Z M-X M-Y M-Z
BAR# END AXIAL SHEAR-1 SHEAR-2 TORQUE BENDING BENDING

-1 -2
PLATE# MEMB-X MEMB-Y MEMB-XY BEND-X BEND-Y TWIST- SHEAR- SHEAR-

XY XZ YZ
GAP# C OMP-X SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z
Element force output is then listed under these headings, depending on the type of elements
for which this output was selected. The format of the element output matches the
corresponding header, that is for ROD elements you would get FORCE-A and FORCE-B;
whereas, for PLATE elements you would get MEMB-X, MEMB-Y, MEMB-XY, BEND-X, BEND-Y,
TWIST-XY, SHEAR-XZ, SHEAR-YZ.
The format is:
Eid value1 value2 value3 …
where:
Eid is the element identification number.
value# is the Force result corresponding to the column header.
Comments
optimization.

.fsthick file
The .fsthick file is an OptiStruct ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when free size optimization is performed and OUTPUT, FSTHICK, YES is
present in the I/O Options section.
File Contents
Result Description
Element definition The element definitions for those elements that were part of a free
size design space. The optimized thickness of these elements are
provided as nodal thickness values (Ti).
File Format
The format for the .fsthick file is the same as for the corresponding bulk data entries.

.gpf file
The .gpf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the GPFORCE I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Grid point force Grid point force balance table for linear static analysis.
balance table
File Format
format:
ITERATION Iteration_number
where:
ITERATION is a keyword denoting the beginning of a new iteration.
Iteration_number is the Iteration number.
Each iteration section contains a force balance table for each node, for which this output
format was selected, in each linear static subcase.
These tables are given the following header:
Grid point forces for Node_id Subcase ID = Subcase_id

node
where:
Node_id is the ID of the node to which the force balance table applies.
Subcase_id is the user-defined subcase ID to which the force balance

table applies.

And the force information is provided, for each contributing element, constraint or load, in
the following format:
Force_type Element_id x-force y-force z-force x- y-moment z-moment

moment
where:
Force_type is one of:
SPC Force contribution of single-point constraints.
Appl. Force contribution of Applied loads.
F-MPC Force contribution of rigid elements or multi-point

constraints.
Elem Force contribution of elastic elements.
Total The sum of all the force contributions.
Element_id is only valid for force contributions from elastic elements. This is
the element's ID.
x-force is the x-translational component of the force.
y-force is the y-translational component of the force.
z-force is the z-translational component of the force.
x-moment is the x-rotational component of the force.
y-moment is the y-rotational component of the force.
z-moment is the z-rotational component of the force.
Comments
optimization.

.grid file
The .grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when topography or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the I/O Option SHRES or by the GRID keyword on the OUTPUT card.
File Contents
Result Description
Nodal locations The nodal coordinates of the model for the last iteration of the
optimization.
File Format
where:
Cp is the identification number of the coordinate system in which the

location of the grid point is defined.
system.

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints and solution

.h3d file
The .h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can be
used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The .h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (see I/O options FORMAT and
OUTPUT), and an analysis only run is performed (meaning no design variables or design spaces
are defined in the model); the I/O option ANALYSIS is present; or the command line switch -
analysis is used (see Run Options for OptiStruct).
File Contents
The .h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description
Acceleration Acceleration results from frequency response, acoustic,

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by

the SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Composite ply stress Ply stress results for composite materials from static
and analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by

the SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Composite failure indices Failure indices for composite materials from static
analyses.

SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition and by
the related fields on the relevant material definition
(see MAT1, MAT2, MAT8).

Result Description

acoustic, transient response, and multi-body dynamics
analyses.
Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear

buckling analyses.
Element energy loss per cycle Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle
density output from frequency response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option EDE.
Element force Element force results from static, frequency response,

acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or

ELFORCE).
Element kinetic energy Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density
output from frequency response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option EKE.
Element strain energy Element strain energy and strain energy density results
from static, normal modes and frequency response
analyses.
Grid point stress Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static and
normal modes analyses.

GSTRESS).
Power flow field Power flow field output from frequency response and
acoustic analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option POWERFLOW.

Result Description
SPC force Single-point force of constraint results from static,

frequency response, acoustic, and transient response
analyses.
Strain Strain results from static, frequency response,

analyses. Output is controlled by the I/O option
STRAIN.
Stress Stress results from static, frequency response,

analyses.

ELSTRESS).
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response, acoustic,

Comments
2. For dynamic analyses like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body
dynamics, it is recommended that sets be used to reduce the amount of model and
results output data. The output file can become very large since results are output for
each frequency or time step.

.hgdata file
The .hgdata file is a HyperGraph ASCII results file.
File Creation
I/O Option DESHIS.
File Contents
This file may contain the iteration history of the objective function, constraint functions,
design variables, and response functions. Contents of this file are controlled by the I/O
option HISOUT.

.hist file
The .hist file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
I/O Option DESHIS.
File Contents
This file contains the iteration history of the objective function, maximum constrain violation,
design variables, DRESP1 type responses, and DRESP2 type responses. Contents of this file
are controlled by the I/O option HISOUT.
File Format
The section outlines the format of the .hist OptiStruct ASCII file.
The file uses the following format:
iteration Objective Max_Const_Violation Design_variables DRESP1s DESP2s
where:
iteration is the iteration number.
Objective is the value of the objective function.
Max_Const_Violation is the Maximum constraint violation in %.
Design_variables is the value of the design variables. Each design variable

is given its own column.
DRESP1s is the value of the DRESP1s. Each DRESP1 type response

DESP2s is the value of the DRESP2s. Each DRESP2 type response

Comments
1. The value of each design variable, DRESP1 response and DRESP2 response, is provided in
its own column.

.HM.comp.cmf file
The .HM.comp.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.comp.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed (see Topology
Optimization in the OptiStruct User's Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.comp.cmf file organizes all elements in the model into
ten new components based on their material densities at the final iteration. The components
are named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. All elements with a material
density between 0% and 10% are contained in 0.0-0.1. All elements with a material density
between 10% and 20% are contained in 0.1-0.2, and so on. This helps you visualize results
by turning components on and off.
Comments
1. Ensure the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the command file.
2. Since elements cannot be in more than one component in HyperMesh, the original
components do not contain any elements.

.HM.conn.cmf file
The .HM.conn.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.conn.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed and 1D elements
form part of the topological design space (see Topology Optimization in the OptiStruct Users
Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.conn.cmf file creates connector definitions for those
1D elements which formed part of the topological design space and organizes these
connectors into ten new components based on their material densities at the final iteration.
The components are named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. The
connector corresponding to those elements with a material density between 0% and 10% are
contained in the 0.0-0.1 component. The connectors corresponding to those elements with a
material density between 10% and 20% are contained in the 0.1-0.2 component, and so on.
This helps you to visualize results by turning components on and off.
Comments
1. Make sure that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the
command file.
2. Connectors are geometric entities in HyperMesh.

.HM.elcheck.cmf file
The .HM.elcheck.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The file is created when an element quality check is performed.
File Contents
This file contains results from the following tests:
1. Element quality tests using ELEMQUAL entry and PARAM, CHECKEL.
2. Incorrectly formed CFAST and CWELD elements.
3. CBUSH or CELAS elements with excessive stiffness values (PARAM, BUSHSTIF and PARAM,
ELASSTIF).
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.elcheck.cmf file organizes all elements into separate
sets depending on which quality check they fail. One set is created for each failed quality
check. This helps you to visualize results by finding (displaying) elements by set.
Comments

.HM.elcheck.###.cmf file
The .HM.elcheck_###.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The file is created, as required, when an element quality check is performed for optimization
iterations.
File Contents
This file contains results from the following tests:
1. Element quality tests using ELEMQUAL entry and PARAM, CHECKEL.
2. Incorrectly formed CFAST and CWELD elements.
3. CBUSH or CELAS elements with excessive stiffness values (PARAM, BUSHSTIF and PARAM,
ELASSTIF).
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.elcheck_###.cmf file organizes all elements into
separate sets depending on which quality check they fail. One set is created for each failed
quality check. This helps you to visualize results by finding (displaying) elements by set.
Comments
2. The ### in the file name represents the optimization iteration number.

.HM.ent.cmf file
The .HM.ent.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.ent.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed (see Topology
Optimization in the OptiStruct User's Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.ent.cmf file organizes all elements in the model into
ten new entity sets based on their material densities at the final iteration. The sets are
named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. All elements with a material
density between 0% and 10% are contained in 0.0-0.1. All elements with a material density
between 10% and 20% are contained in 0.1-0.2, and so on. You can then visualize the
results by masking the entity sets which contain those elements with lower density.
Comments
2. The advantage of this method over the .HM.comp.cmf method is that the elements
remain in their original components, but can still be selected and masked by entity set.

.HM.gapstat.cmf file
The .HM.gapstat.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
This file is created when a nonlinear gap analysis is performed and GAPPRM, HMGAPST is set
as YES or 1.
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.gapstat.cmf file organizes gap elements into two
sets, open or closed, depending on the status of the gap at the end of the analysis.
Comments
1. Be sure that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the
command file.

.html file
The .html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is always output.
File Contents
This file contains a problem summary and results summary of the run.
The problem summary contains information on the finite element model, subcase definitions,
and optimization parameters.
The results summary lists the following results for an analysis or the final iteration of an
optimization:
For linear static subcases:
The maximum displacement and the node where this occurs

The maximum strain energy density and the element where this occurs
The maximum stress and strain for 1D, 2D, and 3D elements and the elements where
these occur
For normal modes subcases:
The frequencies of the calculated modes

The maximum deformation and the node where this occurs
The maximum strain energy density and the element where this occurs
For linear buckling subcases:
The buckling factor for the calculated modes

The maximum deformation and the node where this occurs

.interface file
The .interface file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created when acoustic analysis is performed.
File Contents
This acoustic coupling interface matrix visualization file contains element definitions.
Comments
1. This file is used to verify the fluid/structure coupling matrix.
2. Import this file into HyperMesh with the acoustic model already loaded. For best
performance, ensure that the FE overwrite option is turned on in the HyperMesh import
panel.

.k.op2 file
The .k.op2 file is a Nastran output2 format file containing the stiffness matrix.
File Creation
This file is created when PARAM, POST, -5 is present in the bulk data section.
File Contents
This file contains the stiffness matrix.

.load file
The .load file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the OLOAD I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Applied Load Applied load vectors for linear static analysis.
File Format
The applied load file has the following format:
iter Iteration NumIds
where:
iter is a keyword denoting the beginning of a new iteration.
Numids is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
Each iteration section is divided up by subcase. Output for each subcase starts with a line
in the following format:
Id Number_of_node Frequency LOAD:Spc_id(Datatype) subcase_label

s
where:
Id is the output identification number for the subcase. This is

not the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.

Number_of_nodes is the number of nodes for which this output is requested.
LOAD is a keyword declaring applied load information.
The following information is then provided for each node, for which this output was
requested:
NID X force Y force Z force X mom Y mom Z mom
where:
NID is the node identification number.
X force is the X force at the node.
Y force is the Y force at the node.
Z force is the Z force at the node.
X mom is the X moment at the node.
Y mom is the Y moment at the node.
Z mom is the Z moment at the node.
Comments
Optimization.

.m.op2 file
The .m.op2 file is a Nastran output2 format file containing the mass matrix.
File Creation
This file is created when PARAM, POST, -5 is present in the bulk data section.
File Contents
This file contains the mass matrix.

.mass file
The .mass file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when modal analyses are performed. Creation of this file is controlled
by the I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Contents
Result Description
Modal Effective Masses Modal effective mass results from modal analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS.
File Format
The file is formatted into blocks separated by blank lines. Each block represents a modal
subcase; the subcases are in order of occurrence in the input deck.
Each block contains a number of rows equal to the number of requested modes for that
subcase.
The columns, from left to right, contain results for modal effective mass for X-translation, Y-
translation, Z-translation, X-rotation, Y-rotation, and Z-rotation.
Comments
1. The _mass.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

.mnf file
The .mnf file is ADAMS modal neutral file.
File Creatio n
This file is created when OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF is presented during flexible body generation.
File Contents
This file contains the flexible body models.
Comments
1. If GPSTRESS output is requested in addition to OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF, nodal stress results

for solid elements will be written to this file.

.mpcf file
The .mpcf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the MPCFORCES I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Multi-point force of Multi-point force of constraints for linear static analysis.

constraint
File Format
format:
where:
Iteration_number is the iteration number.
Each iteration section contains the multi-point force of constraint for each node, for which
this output format was selected, in each linear static subcase. Each subcase section is
given the following header:
MPC forces for Subcase_id

Subcase
where:
Subcase_id is the user-defined subcase ID to which the mpc forces apply.
MPC force information is then provided, for each node, in the following format:

Node_id x-force y-force z-force x-moment y-moment z-moment
where:
Node_id is the node identification number.
x-force is the x-translational component of the force at the node.
y-force is the y-translational component of the force at the node.
z-force is the z-translational component of the force at the node.
x-moment is the x-rotational component of the force at the node.
y-moment is the y-rotational component of the force at the node.
z-moment is the z-rotational component of the force at the node.
Comments
Optimization.

.op2 file
The .op2 file is a Nastran output2 format for model and results data.
File Creation
This file is created when the O2, OUT2, or OUTPUT2 formats are chosen. (See documentation
for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description

Composite ply strain Ply strain results for composite materials from static analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRAIN and by the

Composite ply stress Ply stress results for composite materials from static analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRESS and by the

Composite failure Failure indices for composite materials from static analyses.
indices
Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRESS, by the SOUTi,
SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition, and by the related
fields on the relevant material definition (see MAT1, MAT2,
MAT8).
Note: Density results are reported as element strain energy.
Displacement Displacement results from static, frequency response, acoustic,


Result Description

analyses.
Element energy Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle density
loss per cycle output from frequency response analysis.
Element force Element force results from static, frequency response, acoustic,
and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or ELFORCE).
Element kinetic Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output from
energy frequency response analysis.
Element strain Element strain energy and strain energy density results from
energy static, normal modes, frequency response, and transient
response analyses.
Grid point stress Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or GSTRESS).
MPC force Multi-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

response, acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option MPCFORCE.
PSD element strain Power spectral density function of element strains from random
response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN.
PSD element stress Power spectral density function of element stresses from
random response analysis.

Result Description
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS.
RMS element strain Root mean square value of element strains from random
response analysis.
RMS element stress Root mean square value of element stresses from random
response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS.
SPC force Single-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

Strain Strain results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Stress Stress results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response, acoustic, transient

Comments
optimization.
2. In addition to the analysis and optimization results, the finite element model description
(nodes, elements, coordinates systems, and properties) is written to the .op2 file. This
model can be read by HyperView and fatigue codes. To turn off the model output, use
the NOMODEL option on OUTPUT, OP2.
3. To be able to read the model directly from the .op2 file, newer versions of FEMFAT,
Medina (7.4.8 or newer), and Animator (3.0.6.6c or newer) must be used.

4. For dynamic analyses like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body

.oss file
The .oss file is an OSSmooth parameter file.
File Creation
This file is created when a topology, topography, or shape optimization is performed.
File Contents
The file contains default settings for running OSSmooth after a successful optimization.
Comments
1. The format of this file is described on the OSSmooth Input Data page.

.out file
The .out file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created.
File Contents
This file provides a commentary on the solution process.
File Format
The file starts with an OptiStruct banner, and is followed by three sections which outline the
problem definition:
Optimization File and Parameter Information

Finite Element Model Data Information
Optimization Problem Parameters
Following these, calculated estimates on required memory and disk space are provided under
the headings:
Memory Estimation Information

Disk Space Estimation Information
The Analysis Results or Optimization History information sections provide the following
information (Some information is output for each iteration during optimization, or as a summary
for nonlinear analysis):
Element quality information (If any of the warning or error limits are exceeded).
Global force balance tables for each linear static subcase. (When SPCFORCE or
GPFORCE is a requested output).
Objective function value
Maximum constrain violation % and the ID of this constraint.
Design volume fraction value if topology design variables are present, otherwise the
total volume is given, and the total mass.
Individual subcase compliances and weightings and the total weighted compliance.
Retained responses table
If the constraint violation is higher than 1%, the constraint is flagged as V (violated). If the
violation is lower than 1%, it is flagged as A (active). For stress constraint in topology
optimization, if there is no violation, it is flagged as Inactive; otherwise, it is flagged as
Active.
User-requested responses table (when RESPRINT or DREPORT is a requested output).

Most violated constraints table.
Design variable values and bounds if shape or size design variables are present.
Designed property/material/connectivity items table if size design variables are present.
A list of calculated buckling modes and their eigenvalues.
A list of calculated normal modes, their frequencies, eigenvalues and weighting and the
value of the frequencies weighted across the reciprocal eigenvalues.
Center of Gravity table
Moment of Inertia table

Regional compliance table
Manufacturing Constraints table for Composite Optimization
An example table is shown below:
COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING CONSTRAINTS

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
User-ID Constraint Information Status Max Avg Pct
Type Bound Group Elem Viol. Viol. Viol.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 PLYPCT LOWER 0.0 ALL Violated 12.1 2.6 2.5
1 PLYPCT LOWER 90.0 ALL Violated 3.0 1.6 0.2
1 PLYPCT UPPER 90.0 ALL Violated 31.8 5.3 14.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Where,
Max Viol. – Represents the maximum violation of the specified manufacturing constraint
(Type).
Avg Viol. – Represents the average violation of all the violated elements for the
specified manufacturing constraint (Type).
Pct Viol. – Represents the percentage of the total number of elements in the design
space for which the specified manufacturing constraint (Type) is violated.
The Constraint Information columns are self-explanatory and may vary from one
constraint type to the other.
Nonlinear Iteration Summary table for Nonlinear Analysis
An example table is shown below:

Where,
Avg. U – Represents the average displacement of all elements for a particular iteration
for a subcase
EUI – Represents the relative error in displacements
EPI – Represents the error in terms of loads
EWI – Represents the error in terms of work
Refer to the Nonlinear Convergence Criteria section of Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis

in the User’s Guide for more information.
Maximum Plststrn – Represents the Maximum Plastic Strain
The Gap and Contact Element Status columns are self-explanatory.
At the end of the file, the following information is provided:
Resource usage information

Compute time information

.pch file
The .pch file is a Nastran punch format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the NASTRAN or PUNCH formats are chosen. (See documentation for
File Contents
Result Description

Output is controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.
Note: Density results are reported as von Mises Strains.
Displacement Displacement results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Eigenvector Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses.
Element energy Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle density
loss per cycle output from frequency response analysis.
Element force Element force results from static, frequency response, acoustic,
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or ELFORCE).
Element kinetic Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output from
energy frequency response analysis.

Result Description
Element strain Element strain energy and strain energy density results from
energy static, normal modes and frequency response analyses.
Grid point stress Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or GSTRESS).
MPC force Multi-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

Output is controlled by the I/O option MPCFORCE.
PSD acceleration Power spectral density function of accelerations from random

response analysis. (see comment 2)
Output is controlled by the I/O options XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and

XYPUNCH.
PSD displacement Power spectral density function of displacements from random


XYPUNCH.
PSD velocity Power spectral density function of velocities from random


XYPUNCH.
PSD element strain Power spectral density function of element strains from random

XYPUNCH.
PSD element stress Power spectral density function of element stresses from
random response analysis. (see comment 2)

Result Description

XYPUNCH.
RMS element strain Root mean square value of element strains from random
response analysis.

XYPUNCH.
RMS element stress Root mean square value of element stresses from random
response analysis.

XYPUNCH.
SPC force Single-point force of constraint results from linear static

analysis.
Strain Strain results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Stress Stress results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response analyses, acoustic,

transient response, and multi-body dynamics.
Comments
optimization.
2. Multiple RANDOM subcase information entries with non-unique ID’s are allowed in a single
model. Therefore, if the plot-type field on the XYPUNCH output request is set to PSDF,
then the RANDOM ID will be added to the XYPUNCH headers in the corresponding result
sections of the .pch file when multiple RANDOM entries are present in the same deck. If
only one RANDOM entry is present, the RANDOM ID is not printed.


.pcomp file
The .pcomp file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT,PCOMP is requested in composite sizing optimization.
File Contents
This file contains elements and PCOMPG property information for each STACK.

.peak file
The .peak file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when XYPLOT, XYPEAK, or XYPUNCH is requested in random response
analysis.
File Contents
This file contains the root mean square value, the number of positive crossings, and the peak
power spectral density and responses.

.pret file
The .pret file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the PRETBOLT I/O Options Entry.
File Contents
Result Description
Pretension force/ Pretension force/adjustment values for pretension bolts in

adjustment pretensioning and pretensioned subcases.
File Format
The file is sorted by iteration. Output from each iteration starts in the following format:
PRETENSION FORCE/ADJUSTMENT VALUES ON THE PRENTESION SECTIONS
Where:
Iteration_number is the iteration number.
Each iteration section contains the force/adjustment values for each pretension bolt in
each static subcase. Each such subcase section is given the following header:
Subcase Subcase_id Subcase_label
Where:
Subcase is a keyword denoting the beginning of the current subcase section.
Subcase_id is the user-defined subcase ID
Subcase_label is the user-defined subcase label

Pretension force/adjustment information is then provided, for each bolt, in the following
format:
Pretension Force-incr Adjust-incr Force-tot Adjust-

section ID tot
(PRETENS #)
Where:
Pretension section ID denotes the pretension section ID (SID of the PRETENS bulk data
entry).
Force-incr is the incremental pretension force value when compared to the previous
subcase in the loading sequence.
Adjust-incr is the incremental pretension adjustment value when compared to the

previous subcase in the loading sequence.
Force-tot is the total pretension force value.
Adjust-tot is the total pretension adjustment value.
Comments
optimization.

.prop file
The .prop file is an OptiStruct ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is output when sizing optimization is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by
the PROPERTY I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Property definition The property definitions, for those properties that were affected
in the sizing optimization, used for the final iteration of the
optimization.
File Format
The format for the property output is the same as for the bulk data entries.

.rand file
The .rand file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for random response subcases. This file is only created if XYPLOT is
defined in random response.
File Contents
Result Description
Random response results Results from random response analyses.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID from which these results are
obtained.
2. The _rand.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

.res file
The .res file is a HyperMesh binary results file.
File Creation
The .res file is created when either no format statement is given or when the HM, HYPER, or
BOTH formats are chosen. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description
Acceleration Acceleration results from frequency response, transient

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by the

Composite ply stress Ply stress results for composite materials from static
analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by the

Composite failure indices Failure indices for composite materials from static analyses.

SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition, and by the
related fields on the relevant material definition (see MAT1,
MAT2, MAT8).


Result Description

analyses.
Element strain energy Element strain energy results from static and normal modes
analyses.
Grid point stress Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static
analyses.

GSTRESS).
Single-point force of Single-point force of constraint results from static analyses.

constraint
Strain Strain results from static, frequency response, transient

Stress Stress results from static, frequency response, transient


ELSTRESS).
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response analyses, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics.

Comments
1. If an optimization is terminated abruptly due to an error such as a full disk or power

failure, the HyperMesh binary results file (*.res) may become corrupted. In this event,
run the program "recover," included with OptiStruct, to clean up the results file.
optimization.
4. For dynamic analyses, like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body

.seplot file
The .seplot file is an ASCII format output file.
File Creation
This file is created when the MODEL, PLOT, and PARAM, SEPLOT, YES options are presented
and the CBN method is used to reach a Component Mode Synthesis solution.
File Contents
This file contains grid and plot element definitions.
Comments
1. By including this file in a residual run, the results of the superelement part will be
recovered and post-processed.

.sh file
The .sh file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Output of this file is controlled by the
I/O option SHRES.
File Contents
Contains information necessary to restart the optimization from the final iteration.

.spcd file
The .spcd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created in a residual run when DMIG's are present in the model. The .spcd file
contains displacement results at interface grid points.
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from a residual run. Output is controlled by

the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
File Format
The .spcd file has the following format:
SUBCASE SID
where:
SID is the identification number of the corresponding subcase.
Under each applicable subcase header, we have the following columns:
SPC ####SID GRID ID Component Displacement
where:
SID is the identification number of the corresponding subcase.
GRID ID is the identification number of the interface grid at which

the displacement results are output.
Component is the component in which the displacement result output.
Displacement is the displacement result for a give grid in the

corresponding component.

Comments
1. Only one .spcd file is created even if there are multiple DMIG’s in the model.

.spcf file
The .spcf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the SPCFORCES I/O option.
File Contents
Result Description
Single-point force of Single-point force of constraints for linear static

constraint analysis.
File Format
The SPC reaction force file has the following format:
iter Iteration Numlds
where:
Numlds is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
Id Number_of_nodes Frequency SPCF:Spc_id(Datatype) subcase_label
where:


Number_of_nodes is the number of nodes for which this output is requested.
SPCF is a keyword declaring SPC-force information.
SPC-force information is then provided, for each node, in the following format:
Node_id x-force y-force z-force x-moment y-moment z-moment
where:
Node_id is the node identification number.
x-force is the x-translational component of the force at the node.
y-force is the y-translational component of the force at the node.
z-force is the z-translational component of the force at the node.
x-moment is the x-rotational component of the force at the node.
y-moment is the y-rotational component of the force at the node.
z-moment is the z-rotational component of the force at the node.
Comments
Optimization.

.stat file
The .stat file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created.
File Contents
This file provides details on CPU and elapsed time for each solver module.
File Format
Information on CPU and elapsed time is provided in the following format:
TOTAL TIME SPENT IN MODULE: module_name; CPU= cpu_time; WALL= wall_time
where: module_name is the name of the module.
cpu_time is the amount of CPU time spent in this module.
wall_time is the total elapsed time spent in this module.

.strn file
The .strn file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when OPTI, OS, or ASCII formats are chosen. (See documentation for the
I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result Description
Strain Strain results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled by the I/O
option STRAIN.
File Format
The strain file has the following format:
where:
Numlds is the number of load cases for which this output is created.
Id Number_of_els STRN:Spc_id
where:

Number_of_els is the number of elements for which this output is requested.
STRN is a fixed keyword.
Strain information is then provided, for each element, in the following format:
EID Strain1 Strain2 Strain3 Strain4 Strain5 Strain6 Strain7
where:
EID is the element identification number.
Strain1 is von Mises strain for 2D and 3D elements, or Axial strain for 1D
elements.
Strain2 is Normal X-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal X-strain for 3D

elements, or Axial strain for 1D elements.
Strain3 is Normal X-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Normal Y-strain for 3D

Strain4 is Normal Y-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal Z-strain for 3D

Strain5 is Normal Y-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XY-strain for 3D

Strain6 is Shear XY-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Shear YZ-strain for 3D

Strain7 is Shear XY-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XZ-strain for 3D

Comments
optimization.

.strs file
The .strs file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
File Format
The stress file has the following format:
where:
Numlds is the number of load cases for which this output is created.
Id Number_of_els STRS:Spc_id(Datatype)
where:
Id is the output identification number for the subcase. This is not
the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.

Number_of_els is the number of elements for which this output is requested.
STRS is a fixed keyword.
Stress information is then provided, for each element, in the following format:
EID Stress1 S Stress3 S Stress5 Stress6 Stress7 Stress8 Stress9

t t
r r
e e
s s
s s
2 4
where:
Stress1 von Mises stress for 2D and 3D elements, Maximum Axial stress for 1D
elements, or maximum stress in CWELD elements.
Stress2 Normal X-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal X-stress for 3D

elements, or Axial stress for 1D elements.
For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at C at end A. Axial Stress for CWELD

elements.
Stress3 Normal X-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Normal Y-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at D at end A. Maximum tensile stress at

end A for CWELD elements.
Stress4 Normal Y-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal Z-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at E at end A. Minimum tensile stress at

end A for CWELD elements.
Stress5 Normal Y-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XY-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at F at end A. Maximum tensile stress at

end B for CWELD elements.
Stress6 Shear XY-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Shear YZ-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at C at end B. Minimum tensile stress at

end B for CWELD elements.
Stress7 Shear XY-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XZ-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at D at end B. Maximum shear stress for

CWELD elements.
Stress8 Maximum shear stress for CWELD elements.
For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at E at end B. Bearing stress for CWELD

elements.
Stress9 Bearing stress for CWELD elements.
For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at F at end B.
Comments
optimization.

_des.h3d file
The _des.h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The _des.h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (see documentation for the I/O
option FORMAT), and an optimization run is performed.
File Contents
The _des.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description

I/O option DENSRES.
Shape Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.
Thickness Thickness results from size and topology optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.

_err.grid file
The _err.grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is automatically created when freeshape and topography (or shape) optimization runs
are terminated due to mesh distortion.
File Contents
Result Description
Nodal locations It contains the nodal coordinates of the distorted mesh for
freeshape and topography (or shape) optimization.
File Format
where:
Cp is blank.
system.

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution

_frames.html file
The _frames.html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is output when the H3D FORMAT is chosen.
File Contents
The file contains two frames. The top frame opens one of the .h3d files using the HyperView
Player browser plug-in. The .h3d file opened depends on the results selected for display in
the bottom frame. The bottom frame opens the _menu.html file, which facilitates the
selection of results to be displayed.
Comments
1. Requires HyperView Player plug-in to be installed.
2. This file is linked to from the "Results summary" section of the .html file and is created
primarily for this purpose.

_freq.#.mvw file
The _freq.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is created when frequency response optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGFREQ is
requested.
Comments
2. This file may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or HyperGraph. It automatically
creates plots for the results contained in the files: _s#_a.#.frf, _s#_d.#.frf, and
_s#_v.#.frf.

_freq.mvw file
The _freq.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when frequency response analysis is performed. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
This file is a HyperView session file and may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the
files: _s#_a.frf, _s#_d.frf, and _s#_v.frf.

_gauge.h3d file
The _gauge.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process shell thickness (gauge) sensitivity in HyperView.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The _gauge.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description
Sensitivity Sensitivity of response vs. shell thickness (gauge) of PSHELL property.

Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
Comments

_gso.slk file
The _gso.slk file is a Microsoft SLK Data Import format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when Global Search Option (GSO) is activated and executed using the
DGLOBAL I/O entry and the DGLOBAL Bulk Data entry, respectively. This file outputs the
results of Global Search Option (GSO).
File Contents
Result Description
Optimized Designs It contains the list of unique and similar optimized designs based
on the Global Search Option (GSO) method. The designs in this
resulting subset of the total design space are then sorted based
on their rank (based on the number of convergences from unique
starting points to result in a specific design).
File Format
The file uses the following format for the designs optimized from specified starting points:
Unique Designs
Design Startin Times Directo Objecti C onstr Max. Avg. Max. Avg. DV1 DVN
Rank g Point Found ry ve aint Obj. Obj. DV DV
Name Functio Violatio Deviati Deviati Deviati Deviati
n n on on on on
All Designs
Design Starting Unique Directory Objective C onstraint DV1 DVN

Rank Point Design Name Function Violation
Where,
Design Rank Denotes the rank of the design. This is assigned based initially on the values
of Constraint Violation and then the Objective Function values.
Starting Point Denotes the starting point of the optimization for a design in the design
space.
Times Found The number of times designs (from unique starting points) converge to the
same design.
Directory Name of the Directory where the output files associated with the specified
Name design are stored.

Objective The value of the Objective Function for the current design.
Function
Constraint The value of the Constraint Violation for the current design
Violation
Maximum The maximum deviation (of a design) from the objective function among
Objective designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique design.
Deviation
Average The average deviation (of a design) from the objective function among
Objective designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique design.
Deviation
Maximum DV The maximum deviation between two design variables in the design space
Deviation among designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique
design.
Average DV The average deviation between design variables in the design space among
Deviation designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique design.
DV# The various design variables values represented by DV1, DV2,….., DVN.
Unique Design This represents the Design Rank used in the UNIQUE DESIGN Table.

_hist.mvw file
The _hist.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
I/O option DESHIS.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates individual plots for each of the results contained in
the .hist file. Each plot occupies its own page within HyperView (HyperGraph).

_mass.#.mvw file
The _mass.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is created when modal optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS is

requested.
Comments
2. This file may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or HyperGraph. It automatically
creates bar charts for the results contained in .#.mass file.

_mass.mvw file
The _mass.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when modal analyses are performed. Creation of this file is controlled
by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for the results contained in the .mass file.

_mbd.h3d file
The _mbd.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data from a
multi-body dynamics analysis. It can be used to post-process results in HyperView.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed.
File Contents
The _mbd.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description

Deformation > Displacement Deformations (deflections) of flexible bodies from multi-

body dynamics analyses in the body reference frame.
Deformation > Rotation Deformation (rotations) of flexible bodies from multi-body

dynamics analyses in the body reference frame.
Strain Strain results of flexible bodies from a multi-body

dynamics analysis.
Stress Stress results of flexible bodies from a multi-body

dynamics analysis.
Comments
1. This file format is the most compressed animation output for multi-body dynamics
analyses. It generates the smallest files compared to other formats.

_mbd.log file
The _mbd.log file is an ASCII format log file from a multi-body dynamics analysis.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed. It is a direct output file
of MotionSolve.
File Contents
The file provides commentary on the multi-body dynamics solution progress.

_mbd.mrf file
The _mbd.mrf file is a Multi-body Results File.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is defined. The file contains time
history data that can be used for 2D plotting in HyperGraph. Some data is written by default,
and some needs to be requested.
File Contents
Data output by default.
Type Component Description
Rigid Body X, Y, Z Position
E0, E1, E2, E3 Orientation in Euler parameters.
VM, VX, VY, VZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of velocity.
WM, WX, WY, WZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of angular velocity.
ACCM, ACCX, ACCY, ACCZ Magnitude and X, Y, X components

of acceleration.
WDTM, WDTX, WDTY, WDTZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of angular acceleration.
KE Kinetic energy
Flex Body All Rigid Body results
Q/i, i = 1,2,…,n Modal participation factors.
XD/i, i=1,2,…,N Modal velocity.

Type Component Description
System KE Kinetic energy
CPU Usage Total CPU time used.
CPU/Sim. Time Ratio The ration between the total CPU

time used and the simulation time.
Stepsize Actual step size used in the

integration.
Integration Order Order of the integrator used in the

integration.
Data output by request. The request needs to be defined through a REQUEST I/O statement.
Type
Component Description
Marker Displacement DM, DX, DY, DZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of displacement.
E0, E1, E2, E3 Orientation in Euler parameters.
Marker Velocity VM, VX, VY, VZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of velocity.
WM, WX, WY, WZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of angular velocity.
Marker Acceleration ACCM, ACCX, ACCY, ACCZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of acceleration.
WDTM, WDTX, WDTY, WDTZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of angular acceleration.

Type
Component Description
Marker Force FM, FX, FY, FZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of force.
TM, TX, TY, TZ Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of torque.
Expressions F1, F2, …, F8 Vectors containing evaluated

expressions.

_mbd.mvw file
The _mbd.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when a multi-body dynamics analysis is performed. Creation of this
file is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the
files: _s#_a.mbd, _s#_d.mbd, and _s#_v.mbd.

_mbd.xml file
The _mbd.xml file is a MotionSolve XML file from a multi-body dynamics analysis.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed.
File Contents
The file format is documented in the MotionSolve manual. The purpose is the communication
between the OptiStruct core and the integrated MotionSolve. This file, together with the
<BODY_NAME>.h3d files, forms a full representation of the multi-body dynamics model which
can be run separately in MotionSolve.

_menu.html file
The _menu.html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is output when the H3D FORMAT is chosen.
File Contents
This file facilitates the selection of the appropriate .h3d file, for the HyperView Player browser
plug-in in the top frame of the _frames.html file, based on chosen results.
Comments
1. This file serves no purpose on its own.

_modal.#.mvw file
The _modal.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response and transient analyses. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT (with the HGMODFAC keyword).
File Contents
HyperGraph3D. The file contains HyperGraph3D plots of modal participation factors. The plots
display the mode number on the x-axis, the frequency (for frequency response analyses) or
time (for transient analyses) on the y-axis, and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given mode number
Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part and
the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while real and
imaginary plots are hidden by default.
Comments

_modal.mvw file
The _modal.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response and transient analyses. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT (with the HGMODFAC keyword).
File Contents
HyperGraph3D. The file contains HyperGraph3D plots of modal participation factors. The plots
display the mode number on the x-axis, the frequency (for frequency response analyses) or
time (for transient analyses) on the y-axis, and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given mode number
Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part and
the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while real and
imaginary plots are hidden by default.
Comments
1. This file is generated for an analysis-only run; the _modal.#.mvw is generated for
optimization runs where # is the iteration number.

_rand.mvw file
The _rand.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when random response analysis is performed. This file is only created
if XYPLOT is defined in random response.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in .rand
files.

_s#.h3d file
The _s#.h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can be
used to post-process results in HyperView or using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The _s#.h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (See documentation for the I/O
option FORMAT), and an optimization is performed containing a linear static subcase. A similar
file is created for each static subcase.
File Contents
The _s#.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
Element strain energy Element strain energy results from linear static analysis.
Stress Stress results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled

by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Density Density results from topology optimization. Output is controlled

by the I/O option DENSITY.
Shape Shape results from topography, shape, and free shape

optimization. Output is controlled by the I/O option SHAPE.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID.
optimization.

_s#_a.#.frf file
The _s#_a.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response optimization. Output is controlled by the I/O
option ACCELERATION and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the acceleration results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts with
the following header:
Frequency "REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z

Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts
with the following header:
Frequency"PHA | X Trans"MAG | X Trans"PHA | Y Trans"MAG | Y Trans"PHA | Z Trans"MAG |

Z Trans
In either case, the results are grouped by node with results for different nodes separated by a
blank line. The format of each line after the header is as follows:
Frequency X-rl/ph X-im/mag Y-rl/ph Y-im/mag Z-rl/ph Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency is the frequency at which results are calculated.
X-rl/ph is either the real component in the x-direction or the phase angle
in the x-direction component.
X-im/mag is either the imaginary component in the x-direction or the

magnitude in the x-direction component.
Y-rl/ph is either the real component in the y-direction or the phase angle
in the y-direction component.

Y-im/mag is either the imaginary component in the y-direction or the
magnitude in the y-direction component.
Z-rl/ph is either the real component in the z-direction or the phase angle
in the z-direction component.
Z-im/mag is either the imaginary component in the z-direction or the

magnitude in the z-direction component.
Comments
1. The first # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID.
3. The_freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results
contained in this file.

_s#_a.frf file
The _s#_a.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
Result Description

File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts with
Frequency"REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z

Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts

Z Trans
In either case the results are grouped by node with results for different nodes separated by a
where:




Comments
obtained.
2. The _freq.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

_s#_a.mbd file
The _s#_a.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for Multi-Body Dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled
File Contents
Result Description
Acceleration Acceleration results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is

File Format
Time"X Trans"Y Trans"Z Trans
Comments
obtained.
2. The _mbd.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

_s#_a.trn file
The _s#_a.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for transient response subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
File Contents
Result Description

File Format
Comments
obtained.
2. The _tran.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

_s#_d.#.frf file
The _s#_d.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
option DISPLACEMENT and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the displacement results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts with

Trans

Z Trans
where:



Comments
3. The _freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results

_s#_d.frf file
The _s#_d.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from frequency response analyses. Output is

File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts with

Trans

Z Trans
where:




Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_s#_d.mbd file
The _s#_d.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for Multi-Body Dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is

File Format
Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_s#_d.trn file
The _s#_d.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
Displacement Displacement results from frequency response analyses. Output is

File Format
Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_s#_v.#.frf file
The _s#_v.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
option VELOCITY and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the velocity results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with the
following header:
Frequency "REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z

Trans

Z Trans
where:



Comments
3. The _freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results

_s#_v.frf file
The _s#_v.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with the
following header:

Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with

Z Trans
where:



Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_s#_v.mbd file
The _s#_v.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for multi-body dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
File Contents
Result Description
Velocity Velocity results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_s#_v.trn file
The _s#_v.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result Description
Velocity Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
Comments
obtained.
in this file.

_sens.#.mvw file
The _sens.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates a histogram for each of the results contained in
the .#.sens file. The plots are grouped so that design variable sensitivities for different
responses are given on separate pages.
Comments

The _shuffling.#.fem file is an ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT, SZTOSH (sizing to shuffling) is requested during the ply-
based sizing optimization phase.
File Contents
This file is a ply-based stacking optimization input deck. It contains the updated PLY and
STACK cards describing the stacking model, as well as a DSHUFFLE card defining shuffling
design variables.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the number of the last iteration.

_sizing.#.fem file
The _sizing.#.fem file is an ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT, FSTOSZ (free-sizing to sizing) is requested during the free-
sizing optimization phase.
File Contents
This file is a ply-based sizing optimization input deck. It contains PCOMPP, STACK, PLY, and
SET cards describing the ply-based composite model, as well as DCOMP, DESVAR, and DVPREL
cards defining the optimization data.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the number of the last iteration.

_topol.h3d file
The _topol.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process topology (density) sensitivity in HyperView.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The _topol.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result Description
Sensitivity Sensitivity of response vs. element density from topology optimization.

Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
Comments

_tran.mvw file
The _tran.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when a transient response analysis is performed. Creation of this file
is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the files
_s#_a.trn, _s#_d.trn, and _s#_v.trn.

<BODY_NAME>.h3d file
The <BODY_NAME>.h3d file is a compressed binary file from a multi-body dynamics analysis
that uses flexible bodies defined through a PFBODY bulk data entry.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed. One file for each
PFBODY entry is generated. BODY_NAME is taken directly from PFBODY, BODY_NAME. If no
BODY_NAME is given, the default is OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d. By default, the flexible body is
only generated once; and if a file already exists in the execution directory, the flexible body
generation is not repeated. The default can be changed by the parameter PARAM, FLEXH3D.
File Contents
This file contains the modal representation of the flexible body for direct use in the multi-body
dynamics solution sequence or in MotionSolve. It is generated using a Component Mode
Synthesis. Each flexible body is written to a separate file.

Results Output by OptiStruct
The tables in this section summarize the results output for different analysis types. They
show the formats available for each result and the I/O option entry that controls the output
of the result.
The columns in the tables represent the major output streams:
H3D – Hyper3D format (.h3d file)
HM – HyperMesh format (.res file)
OP2 – Nastran Output2 format (.op2 file)
PCH – Nastran Punch format (.pch file)
OPT – OptiStruct ASCII format (multiple files)
PAT – Patran and Alternative-Patran formats (multiple files)
H3D (MBD) – Hyper3D format for body results (_mbd.h3d)
MRF – Multi-body results file (_mbd.mrf)
Results for Linear Static Analysis and Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
Controlling
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT PAT
I/O Option
Nodal Displacements DISPLACEMENT
Element Strain Energy ESE
Element Stresses * STRESS
Element Strains * STRAIN
Ply Stresses CSTRESS
Composite Failure CSTRESS

Indices
Ply Strains CSTRAIN

Controlling
I/O Option
Element Forces FORCE
Grid Point Stresses GPSTRESS
SPC Forces SPCFORCE
MPC Forces MPCFORCE
Grid Point Forces GPFORCE
Applied Loads OLOAD
Results for Linear Steady-state Heat Transfer Analysis
H3D OP2 PCH Controlling I/O Option
Nodal Temperatures THERMAL
Element Fluxes and FLUX

Gradients
Results for Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis
Nodal Temperatures THERMAL

Results for Normal Modes Analysis
Controlling
I/O Option
Eigenvectors DISPLACEMENT
Element Kinetic Energy EKE
Grid Point Energy GPKE
Grid Point Stress GPSTRESS
SPC Forces SPCFORCE
MPC Forces MPCFORCE
Nodal Pressures (Fluid) PRESSURE
Ply Strains CSTRAIN
Results for Complex Eigenvalue Analysis
Controlling
H3D OP2 PCH
I/O Option

Results for Linear Buckling Analysis
Controlling
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT
I/O Option
Results for Frequency Response Analysis
Controlling
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT XYPUNCH
I/O Option
Modal Participation SDISPLACEMENT

Displacements
Element Energy Loss Per EDE

Cycle
Element Kinetic Energy EKE
Nodal Velocities VELOCITY
Modal Participation Velocities SVELOCITY
Nodal Accelerations ACCELERATION
Modal Participation SACCELERATION

Accelerations

Controlling
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT XYPUNCH
I/O Option
SPC Forces SPCFORCE
MPC Forces MPCFORCE
Power Flow Field POWERFLOW
Ply Strains CSTRAIN
Sound Power SPOWER
Sound Intensity SINTENS
Sound Pressure Level SPL
Applied Load Vectors OLOAD
Results for Coupled Frequency Response Analysis of Fluid-structural Models (Acoustic

Analysis)

Displacements


Accelerations
Nodal Pressures (Fluid) PRESSURE
SPC Forces SPCFORCE
MPC Forces MPCFORCE
Power Flow Field POWERFLOW
Ply Stress CSTRESS
Ply Strain CSTRAIN
Results for Transient Analysis
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPTI Controlling

I/O Option

H3D HM OP2 PCH OPTI Controlling
I/O Option

Displacements

Accelerations
MPC Forces MPCFORCE
Ply Strains CSTRAIN
Composite Failure Indices CSTRESS
Applied Load Vectors OLOAD
Results for Random Response Analysis (PSDF Request)
XYPLOT
XYPUNCH PUNCH OP2 H3D
(HyperGraph)
DISP / VELO / ACCE

XYPLOT
XYPUNCH PUNCH OP2 H3D
(HyperGraph)
Shell Stress
Shell Strain
Solid Stress
Solid Strain
CBUSH Force
CELAS / CDAMP / CVISC

Forces
Results for Random Response Analysis
OP2 PCH H3D Controlling I/O Option
Displacement PSD and DISP, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH

RMS
Velocity PSD and RMS VELO, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
Acceleration PSD and ACCEL, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH

RMS
PSD Element Force and FORCE, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH

RMS
PSD Element Stress STRESS, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
PSD Element Strain STRAIN, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
RMS Element Stress STRESS

RMS Element Strain STRAIN
Results for Multi-body Dynamics Analysis
H3D HM OP2 H3D MRF Controlling

(MBD) I/O Option
Body time history
System time history
Marker time history REQUEST
Results for Fatigue Analysis
H3D Controlling I/O Option
Element Life LIFE
Element Damage DAMAGE

Results for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN)
Controlling
Controlling
H3D OP2 PCH I/O Option
I/O Option
(Block Format)
/ANIM/VECT/DISP
/ANIM/VECT/DROT
Nodal Velocities VELOCITY /ANIM/VECT/VEL
Nodal Accelerations ACCELERATION /ANIM/VECT/ACC
/ANIM/BRICK/TENS/
STRESS
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/UPPER
Element Stresses* STRESS /ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/LOWER
/ANIM/BEAM/VONM
/ANIM/TRUSS/SIGX
/ANIM/BRICK/TENS/
STRAIN
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
Element Strains* STRAIN
STRAIN/UPPER
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRAIN/LOWER
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/N
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/ALL
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
Ply Strains CSTRAIN
STRAIN/ALL
Composite Failure
CSTRESS N/A
Indices
Element Forces FORCE /ANIM/Eltyp/FORC
/ANIM/GPS1/TENS
Grid Point Stresses GPSTRESS
/ANIM/GPS1/SHELL/

Controlling
Controlling
H3D OP2 PCH I/O Option
I/O Option
(Block Format)
UPPER
/ANIM/GPS1/SHELL/
LOWER
/ANIM/VECT/FREAC
SPC Forces SPCFORCE
/ANIM/VECT/MREAC
MPC Forces MPCFORCE /ANIM/VECT/FINT
Applied Loads OLOAD /ANIM/VECT/FEXT
/ANIM/ELEM/EPSP
/ANIM/SHELL/EPSP/
STRAIN
Plastic Strain UPPER
(PLASTIC)
/ANIM/SHELL/EPSP/
LOWER
Contact Force and /ANIM/VECT/CONT

CONTF
Pressure /ANIM/VECT/PCONT
Element Thinning and /ANIM/ELEM/THIC

THIN
Thickness /ANIM/SHELL/THIN
/ANIM/ELEM/ENER
Element Energy ENERGY
/ANIM/ELEM/HOURG
Optimization Results
Controlling
I/O Option
Element Density DENSITY
Element Thickness THICKNESS

Controlling
I/O Option
Ply Thickness THICKNESS
% Thickness THICKNESS
Shape SHAPE
* The element stress and strain results written to the various output streams are not
always the same. Refer to the following pages for more details on the stress results
available in the different output streams:
Strain Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats
Strain Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format
Stress Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
Stress Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Format
Stress Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format

Strain Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
1D Elements
ALL, DIRECT and TENSOR options

Von Mises Strain
CELAS Strain
CROD Axial Strain
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAC
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAD
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAE
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAF
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAMAX
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBC
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBD
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBE
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBF
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBMAX
CWELD Axial Strain
CWELD Maximum Strain A
CWELD Minimum Strain A
CWELD Maximum Strain B
CWELD Minimum Strain B
CWELD Maximum Shear Strain
VON and PRINC options

Von Mises Strain
1D Elements (CBAR/CBEAM via PBARL/PBEAML)
The following strain results are output for CBAR/CBEAM elements defined via PBARL/PBEAML
property entries. The Result type: HyperView is CBAR/CBEAM Strains (<TYPE>), where the
<TYPE> entry is based on the selected cross-section (TYPE/NAME field) on the PBARL/PBEAML
entries. The element strain results can be reviewed for each cross-section type,
corresponding evaluation point, at element ends (A or B). The maximum normal/shear/von
Mises strains can also be reviewed.
Syntax
- CBAR/CBEAM Strains (<Type>)
<Strain Result Output> <evaluation point> (A/B)
Where,
<Type> = BAR, BOX, BOX1, CHAN, CHAN1, CHAN2, CROSS, H, HAT, I, I1, ROD, T, T1,
T2, TUBE, Z.
<Strain Result Output> = normal, shear, and von Mises
<evaluation point> = evaluation point of the element

Examples
- CBAR/CBEAM Strains(BAR)
Normal S1N(A)
Normal S1N(B)
Shear S4S(A)
Shear S4S(B)
von Mises S8V(A)
von Mises S8V(B)
Example descriptions
Normal S3N(B): normal strain at the 3rd evaluation point of the beam element (end B);
Shear S6S(A): shear strain at the 6th evaluation point of the beam element (end A);
von Mises S5V(B): von Mises strain at the 5th evaluation point of the beam element (end
B).
Review evaluation points via: DRESP1 - Static Strain Item Codes for Bar Elements using
The von Mises strains for all CBEAM/CBAR elements with PBARL/PBEAML properties at the same
time can be output using the Result type: CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Strains.
Syntax
- CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Strains
<Strain Result Output>
Where,
<Strain Result Output> = Von Mises
2D Elements
ALL and TENSOR options
Results are calculated by HyperView.
DIRECT option
Von Mises Strain
Maximum Principal Strain
Von Mises Strain (Z1)
Von Mises Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (Z1)
P1 (major) Strain (mid)

P3 (minor) Strain (Z1)
P3 (minor) Strain (mid)
Normal X Strain (Z1)
Normal X Strain (mid)
Normal Y Strain (Z1)
Normal Y Strain (mid)
Shear XY Strain (Z1)
Shear XY Strain (mid)
Principal Strain Angle (Z1)
Principal Strain Angle (mid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain - This is equal to max[Von Mises Strain (Z1), Von Mises Strain
(Z2)]
PRINC option
Von Mises Strain
3D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Strain
Signed Von Mises Strain
P1 (major) Strain (solid)
P2 (mid) Strain (solid)
P3 (minor) Strain (solid)
Normal X Strain (solid)
Normal Y Strain (solid)
Normal Z Strain (solid)
Shear XY Strain (solid)
Shear YZ Strain (solid)
Shear XZ Strain (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain
PRINC option

Von Mises Strain
Comments
1. In the TENSOR mode, pass tensor components to HyperView which then calculates derived
results on-the-fly.
2. For frequency response loadcases, only the TENSOR mode is available.

Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats
Static, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
1D elements
CROD Axial Strain
CELAS Strain
CBAR SA1
CBAR SA2
CBAR SA3
CBAR SA4
CBAR Axial
CBAR SA-maximum
CBAR SA-minimum
CBAR SB1
CBAR SB2
CBAR SB3
CBAR SB4
CBAR SB-maximum
CBAR SB-minimum
CBEAM Long Strain at Point C1

CBEAM Long Strain at Point D1
CBEAM Long Strain at Point E1
CBEAM Long Strain at Point F1
CBEAM Maximum Strain1
CBEAM Minimum Strain1
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Strain (Z1)
Normal YY Strain (Z1)
Major Principal Strain (Z1)
Minor Principal Strain (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

3D elements
Normal XX Strain
Shear XY Strain
Major Principal Strain
Major Principal X Cosine
Mid Principal X Cosine
Minor Principal X Cosine
Mean Strain
Von Mises Strain
Normal YY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Mid Principal Strain
Major Principal Y Cosine
Mid Principal Y Cosine
Minor Principal Y Cosine
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
Minor principal Strain
Eigenvalue Loadcases
1D elements
None.
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

3D elements
Normal XX Strain
Shear XY Strain
Major Principal Strain
Mean Strain
Von Mises Strain
Normal YY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Mid Principal Strain
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
Minor principal Strain
Frequency Response Loadcases
1D elements
CROD Axial Strain
CELAS Strain
CBAR SA1
CBAR SA2
CBAR SA3
CBAR SA4
CBAR Axial
CBAR SA-maximum
CBAR SA-minimum
CBAR SB1
CBAR SB2
CBAR SB3
CBAR SB4
CBAR SB-maximum
CBAR SB-minimum


2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Strain (real) (Z1)
Normal XX Strain (imag) (Z1)
Normal YY Strain (real) (Z1)
Normal YY Strain (imag) (Z1)
Shear XY Strain (real) (Z1)
Shear XY Strain (imag) (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Normal XX Strain (real) (Z2)
Normal XX Strain (imag) (Z2)
Normal YY Strain (real) (Z2)
Normal YY Strain (imag) (Z2)
Shear XY Strain (real) (Z2)
Shear XY Strain (imag) (Z2)
3D elements
Normal XX Strain (real)
Normal YY Strain (real)
Normal ZZ Strain (real)
Shear XY Strain (real)
Shear YZ Strain (real)
Shear XZ Strain (real)
Normal XX Strain (imag)
Normal YY Strain (imag)
Normal ZZ Strain (imag)
Shear XY Strain (imag)
Shear YZ Strain (imag)
Shear XZ Strain (imag)
Comments
1. The order above reflects the contents of the OP2 file, but post-processors such as
HyperView may display results in a different manner.

Strain Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format
Static, Eigenvalue, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases

Von Mises Strain
Von Mises Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (max)
P3 (minor) Strain (mid)
P3 (minor) Strain (min)
Normal X Strain (mid)
Normal Y Strain (mid)
Shear XY Strain (mid)
Principal Strain Angle (mid)
Signed Von Mises Strain (solid)
P1 (major) Strain (solid)
P2 ( mid ) Strain (solid)
P3 (minor) Strain (solid)
Normal X Strain (solid)
Normal Y Strain (solid)
Normal Z Strain (solid)
Shear XY Strain (solid)
Shear YZ Strain (solid)
Shear XZ Strain (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain
PRINC option
Von Mises Strain

Normal X Strain (Z1) (comp)
Normal X Strain (Z2) (comp)
Normal Y Strain (Z1) (comp)
Normal Y Strain (Z2) (comp)
Shear XY Strain (Z1) (comp)
Shear XY Strain (Z2) (comp)
Normal X Strain (solid) (comp)
Normal Y Strain (solid) (comp)
Normal Z Strain (solid) (comp)
Shear XY Strain (solid) (comp)
Shear YZ Strain (solid) (comp)
Shear XZ Strain (solid) (comp)
Comments
1. "von Mises Strain" and "Maximum Principal Strain" apply to 1D, 2D, and 3D elements
simultaneously. Other results apply to 2D or 3D elements exclusively. There are no
specific results for 1D elements.
2. For frequency response loadcases, (comp) may be replaced by (real) (imag) (magn) and/or
(phas), depending on the complex format request.
3. "Maximum Principal Strain" is the maximum absolute principal strain:
max(abs(P1(Z1)),abs(P1(Z2)),abs(P3(Z1)),abs(P3(Z2))) for shells.

max(abs(P1),abs(P2),abs(P3)) for solids.
4. "P1 (major) Strain (max)" is the maximum major principal strain:

max(P1(Z1),P1(Z2)).
5. "P3 (minor) Strain (min)" is the minimum minor principal strain:

min(P3(Z1),P3(Z2)).
6. "Signed von Mises Strain" is the von Mises strain with traction/compression sign:
sign(P1+P2+P3) * VonMises.

Stress Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
1D Elements

Von Mises Stress
CELAS Stress
CROD Axial Stress
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAC
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAD
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAE
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAF
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAMAX
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBC
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBD
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBE
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBF
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBMAX
CWELD Axial Stress
CWELD Maximum Stress A
CWELD Minimum Stress A
CWELD Maximum Stress B
CWELD Minimum Stress B
CWELD Maximum Shear Stress
CWELD Bearing Stress
VON and PRINC options

Von Mises Stress
1D Elements (CBAR/CBEAM via PBARL/PBEAML)
The following stress results are output for CBAR/CBEAM elements defined via PBARL/PBEAML
property entries. The Result type: HyperView is CBAR/CBEAM Stresses (<TYPE>), where the
<TYPE> entry is based on the selected cross-section (TYPE/NAME field) on the PBARL/PBEAML
entries. The element stress results can be reviewed for each cross-section type,
corresponding evaluation point, at element ends (A or B). The maximum normal/shear/von
Mises stresses can also be reviewed.
Syntax
- CBAR/CBEAM Stresses (<Type>)
<Stress Result Output> <evaluation point> (A/B)
Where,
<Type> = BAR, BOX, BOX1, CHAN, CHAN1, CHAN2, CROSS, H, HAT, I, I1, ROD, T, T1,
T2, TUBE, Z.

<Stress Result Output> = normal, shear, and von Mises
<evaluation point> = evaluation point of the element
Examples
- CBAR/CBEAM Stresses(BAR)
Normal S1N(A)
Normal S1N(B)
Shear S4S(A)
Shear S4S(B)
von Mises S8V(A)
von Mises S8V(B)
Example descriptions
Normal S3N(B): normal stress at the 3rd evaluation point of the beam element (end B);
Shear S6S(A): shear stress at the 6th evaluation point of the beam element (end A);
von Mises S5V(B): von Mises stress at the 5th evaluation point of the beam element (end
B).
Review evaluation points via: DRESP1 - Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using
The von Mises stresses for all CBEAM/CBAR elements with PBARL/PBEAML properties at the
same time can be output using the Result type: CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Stresses.
Syntax
- CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Stresses
<Stress Result Output>
Where,
<Stress Result Output> = Von Mises
2D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Stress
Maximum Principal Stress
Von Mises Stress (Z1)

Von Mises Stress (mid)
P1 (major) Stress (Z1)
P1 (major) Stress (mid)
P3 (minor) Stress (Z1)
P3 (minor) Stress (mid)
Normal X Stress (Z1)
Normal X Stress (mid)
Normal Y Stress (Z1)
Normal Y Stress (mid)
Shear XY Stress (Z1)
Shear XY Stress (mid)
Principal Stress Angle (Z1)
Principal Stress Angle (mid)
VON option - This is equal to max[Von Mises Stress (Z1), Von Mises Stress (Z2)]
PRINC option
Von Mises Stress
3D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Stress
Signed Von Mises Stress
P1 (major) Stress (solid)
P2 (mid) Stress (solid)
P3 (minor) Stress (solid)
Normal X Stress (solid)
Normal Y Stress (solid)
Normal Z Stress (solid)
Shear XY Stress (solid)
Shear YZ Stress (solid)
Shear XZ Stress (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Stress

PRINC option
Von Mises Stress
Comments
1. In the TENSOR mode, pass tensor components to HyperView, which then calculates
derived results on-the-fly.
2. For frequency response loadcases, only the TENSOR mode is available.

Stress Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats
Static, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
1D elements
CROD Axial Stress
CELAS Stress
CBAR SA1
CBAR SA2
CBAR SA3
CBAR SA4
CBAR Axial
CBAR SA-maximum
CBAR SA-minimum
CBAR SB1
CBAR SB2
CBAR SB3
CBAR SB4
CBAR SB-maximum
CBAR SB-minimum
CBEAM Long Stress at Point C1

CBEAM Long Stress at Point D1
CBEAM Long Stress at Point E1
CBEAM Long Stress at Point F1
CBEAM Maximum Stress1
CBEAM Minimum Stress1
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Stress (Z1)
Normal YY Stress (Z1)
Major Principal Stress (Z1)
Minor Principal Stress (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

3D elements
Normal XX Stress
Shear XY Stress
Major Principal Stress
Mean Stress
Von Mises Stress
Normal YY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Mid Principal Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
Minor principal Stress
Eigenvalue Loadcases
1D elements
None
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

3D elements
Normal XX Stress
Shear XY Stress
Major Principal Stress
Mean Stress
Von Mises Stress
Normal YY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Mid Principal Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
Minor principal Stress
1D elements
CROD Axial Stress
CELAS Stress
CBAR SA1
CBAR SA2
CBAR SA3
CBAR SA4
CBAR Axial
CBAR SA-maximum
CBAR SA-minimum
CBAR SB1
CBAR SB2
CBAR SB3
CBAR SB4
CBAR SB-maximum
CBAR SB-minimum


2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Stress (real) (Z1)
Normal XX Stress (imag) (Z1)
Normal YY Stress (real) (Z1)
Normal YY Stress (imag) (Z1)
Shear XY Stress (real) (Z1)
Shear XY Stress (imag) (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Normal XX Stress (real) (Z2)
Normal XX Stress (imag) (Z2)
Normal YY Stress (real) (Z2)
Normal YY Stress (imag) (Z2)
Shear XY Stress (real) (Z2)
Shear XY Stress (imag) (Z2)
3D elements
Normal XX Stress (real)
Normal YY Stress (real)
Normal ZZ Stress (real)
Shear XY Stress (real)
Shear YZ Stress (real)
Shear XZ Stress (real)
Normal XX Stress (imag)
Normal YY Stress (imag)
Normal ZZ Stress (imag)
Shear XY Stress (imag)
Shear YZ Stress (imag)
Shear XZ Stress (imag)
Comments
1. The order above reflects the contents of the OP2 file, but post-processors such as
HyperView may display results in a different manner.
2. For 2D elements, results are printed at the center of the element, followed by results at
each grid when corner stresses are requested.
3. For 3D elements, results are printed at the center of the element, followed by results at
each grid when corner stresses are requested. In the OP2 format, regardless of the
corner stress request, results are printed at each grid by duplicating results at the
center.

Stress Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format
Static, Eigenvalue, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases

Von Mises Stress
Von Mises Stress (mid)
P1 (major) Stress (mid)
P1 (major) Stress (max)
P3 (minor) Stress (mid)
P3 (minor) Stress (min)
Normal X Stress (mid)
Normal Y Stress (mid)
Shear XY Stress (mid)
Principal Stress Angle (mid)
Signed Von Mises Stress (solid)
P1 (major) Stress (solid)
P2 ( mid ) Stress (solid)
P3 (minor) Stress (solid)
Normal X Stress (solid)
Normal Y Stress (solid)
Normal Z Stress (solid)
Shear XY Stress (solid)
Shear YZ Stress (solid)
Shear XZ Stress (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Stress
PRINC option
Von Mises Stress

Frequency response loadcases
Normal X Stress (Z1) (comp)
Normal X Stress (Z2) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (Z1) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (Z2) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (Z1) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (Z2) (comp)
Normal X Stress (solid) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (solid) (comp)
Normal Z Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear YZ Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear XZ Stress (solid) (comp)
Comments
1. "von Mises Stress" and "Maximum Principal Stress" apply to 1D, 2D, and 3D elements
simultaneously. Other results apply to 2D or 3D elements exclusively. There are no
specific results for 1D elements.
2. For frequency response loadcases, (comp) may be replaced by (real) (imag) (magn) and/or
(phas), depending on the complex format request.
3. "Maximum Principal Stress" is the maximum absolute principal stress:

max(abs(P1(Z1)),abs(P1(Z2)),abs(P3(Z1)),abs(P3(Z2))) for shells.
max(abs(P1),abs(P2),abs(P3)) for solids.
4. "P1 (major) Stress (max)" is the maximum major principal stress:

max(P1(Z1),P1(Z2)).
5. "P3 (minor) Stress (min)" is the minimum minor principal stress:

min(P3(Z1),P3(Z2)).
6. "Signed von Mises Stress" is the von Mises stress with traction/compression sign:
sign(P1+P2+P3) * VonMises.

Legacy Data
Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 and higher with OptiStruct 3.5 Objectives and Constraints

OptiStruct will continue to support the old input format from version 3.5. The new
optimization capabilities will not be available if the old format is used for the set up of the
optimization problem, that is, if matfrac, mini, maxi, ubcon or lbcon are present.
This section is intended to be used for the purpose of debugging or re-running older decks.
OptiStruct Version 3.5 Parameters:
Checkerboard 0,1,2, or blank Controls checkerboarding. Use 0 for no

(default = 0, checkerboard control. Use 1 or blank for global
if card not in deck) averaging over the entire design domain. This
option generally yields a large number of semi-
(Default = 1, if blank) dense elements around fully dense elements.
To reduce the number of semi-dense elements
in the solution, restart the final iteration with
checkerboard control off and run for 10-20
iterations. This may reintroduce some local
checkerboarding. This method is used with
plate/shell and solid design elements and is
highly recommended for tetra elements. Nodal
densities are output to the .res file if this
option is used. Use 2 for averaging at local
areas identified as checkerboarded. Since
averaging is only applied locally, a much smaller
number of semi-dense elements are found in the
final iteration compared to the global averaging
method. This method applies only to plate/shell
design elements. If used in models with solid
design elements, checkerboard control is not
applied to solid elements.
OptiStruct errors out if this parameter is

repeated on DOPTPRM in the bulk data section.
Discrete <real>default = 1.0 Discreteness parameter. Influences the

tendency for elements to converge to a
material density of 0 or 1. Higher values
decrease the number of elements that remain
between 0 and 1. Recommended bounds are
0.0 and 2.0.

Dcomp <integer> Shell elements with PCOMP PID given on this

card will be placed in the topology design
domain. This card overrides declarations in the
bulk data deck.

Dshell <integer>no Shell elements with PSHELL PID given in first
def<real>def=0.0 field of DSHELL card will be placed into the
topology design domain with T0 given in the
second field. This card overrides declarations in
the bulk data deck.
Dsolid <integer> Solid elements with PSOLID PID given on this

card will be placed into the topology design
domain. This card overrides declarations in bulk
data deck.
Matinit <real>def. = 0.9 or This card declares the initial material fraction.
constraint val. For runs with mass as the objective, default is
0.9. For runs with constrained mass, default is
reset to constraint value.

Maxiter <integer>default = 30 Maximum number of iterations. Sets an upper

limit on the number of iterations OptiStruct can
perform before completion. If maxiter = 0,
baseline analysis is conducted after initializing
material fractions of all design elements at the
matfrac value. If check is present, it overrides
maxiter = 0. If analysis is present, it overrides
maxiter = 0.

Mindens <real>default = 0.01 Minimum element material density. Sets a lower

limit on the amount of material that can be
assigned to any design element. Extremely low
values for this parameter can result in an ill-
conditioned stiffness matrix.

Minmember <real>no Specifies the minimum diameter of members

default<method> formed by OptiStruct. This also eliminates
default= 2 checkerboard results. This command is used to
eliminate small members. Method is either 1 or
2. Method 2 is set as default since it achieves
more discrete solutions for most examples.


Mmcheck No input The use of this card will ensure a checkerboard
free solution, although with the undesired side
effect of achieving a solution that involves a
large number of semi-dense elements, similar to
the result of using CHECKER=1. Therefore, use
this card only when it is necessary.

Objtol <real>default = 0.005 Tolerance in objective function. If the

fractional change in objective function is below
this quantity for two consecutive iterations, the
optimization is considered converged and is
stopped.

Smooth <real>default = Solution smoothness. Influences the step size

0.7071 of the optimization iterations if the optimality
criteria method is used for topology
optimization. Changing this parameter generally
results in changes in the solution topology.
Larger values of this parameter create smoother
topologies for shell element models. Leave this
parameter at the default value, unless a
different solution topology is desired.
Recommended bounds are 0.5 and 0.9.
OptiStruct Version 3.5 Subcase Information:
lbcon <real> <integer*> Sets a lower bound constraint of value given

<string> <integer*> in the first field of this card for the response
no given in the second field of the card.
defaults Supported responses are: volume, mass, disp,
comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb. Global
responses (volume, mass, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb) must be located outside of all subcase
declarations. Local responses (comp, freq,
and disp) must be located within a subcase
declaration. The third field is used for mode
number declarations for freq responses or grid
number declarations for disp responses. The
fourth field is used for grid component
declarations for disp responses.
Mass <real> Mass of total model. If present, the matfrac

parameter is not used. Input the total target

no default mass for the part and OptiStruct calculates
the material fraction automatically. If the
computed material fraction is below 0.0 or
above 1.0, OptiStruct returns an error. Not
available if using multiple material types in the
design domain.
Matfrac <real> Material fraction. Defines the amount of

default = 0.30 material to be distributed within the design
range = 0.0-1.0 domain as a fraction of the design domain.
For shell elements, design volume is equal to
(T - T0) * area. For solid elements, design
volume is equal to the sum of the volume of
the elements designated as design space.
The design volume multiplied by the material
fraction is the total amount of design material
available. Material fractions for all design
elements in the design space are initialized to
matfrac value.
maxi <string> <integer*> Sets objective function to maximize a

no default <integer*> response. Supported responses are: volume,
mass, disp, comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb. Global responses (volume, mass,
wcomp, wfreq, and comb) must be located
outside of all subcase declarations. Local
responses (comp, freq, and disp) must be
located within a subcase declaration. The
second field is used for mode number
declarations for freq responses or grid number
declarations for disp responses. The fourth
field is used for grid component declarations
for disp responses.
mini <string> <integer*> Sets objective function to minimize a

no default <integer*> response. Supported responses are: volume,
mass, disp, comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb. Global responses (volume, mass,
wcomp, wfreq, and comb) must be located
outside of all subcase declarations. Local
responses (comp, freq, and disp) must be
located within a subcase declaration. The
second field is used for mode number
declarations for freq responses or grid number
declarations for disp responses. The fourth
field is used for grid component declarations
for disp responses.
Primary <integer This card sets which mode of eigenvalue

solution is used to set material orientation

or blank> angles. Primary mode declaration only applies
default= to runs without static analyses and must be
lowest placed in the subcase declaration. If the card
mode with is placed in a static subcase, only that
highest subcase is used to determine material
weight if orientation angle - no fields are necessary.
eigen.
Subcase
no default
if static.
ubcon <real> <integer*> Sets an upper bound constraint of value given

<string> <integer*> in the first field of this card for the response
no given in the second field of the card.
defaults Supported responses are: volume, mass, disp,
comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb. Global
responses (volume, mass, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb) must be located outside of all subcase
declarations. Local responses (comp, freq,
and disp) must be located within a subcase
declaration. The third field is used for mode
number declarations for freq responses or grid
number declarations for disp responses. The
fourth field is used for grid component
declarations for disp responses.

Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 with OptiStruct 3.5
Objectives and Constraints
Setting up an optimization was simpler in OptiStruct 3.5, but it was also very limited. Starting
with OptiStruct 5.0, a lot more flexibility has been added to the way objectives and
constraints are set up, but the problem setup is more complex. Although versions of
OptiStruct (including and beyond 5.0) will execute OptiStruct 3.5 decks flawlessly, users are
urged to create decks using the new optimization format. This section demonstrates how
objectives and constraints in OptiStruct 3.5 (such as comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb)
can be set up in OptiStruct 5.0 and higher.
The new optimization capabilities of OptiStruct 5.0 and higher will not be available if the old
format is used for the setup of the optimization problem (if matfrac, mini, maxi, ubcon, or
lbcon are present in the setup).
Minimize Compliance for Constrained Mass Fraction
In OptiStruct 3.5, two cards were used to do this kind of optimization: mini, comp and ubcon,
0.3, volume.
The new setup is as follows: mini, comp is replaced by DESOBJ(MIN) = 1 and ubcon, 0.3,
volume is replaced by DESGLB = 101. Three cards (two DRESP1s and one DCONSTR) defining
the responses and constraint values referenced in the header are added after the BEGIN BULK
statement as shown below:
$
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, comp, COMP
DRESP1, 100, massf, MASSFRAC
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 0.300
$
Minimize Mass for Constrained Displacement
The deck setup for this problem is similar to the previous one. Since the objective is global
(mass), the DESOBJ statement goes outside of the load case definition. The constraint on
displacement is only active for the first load case; thus a DESSUB statement is used within
that load case.
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
DESSUB = 101

$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, weight, MASS
$
DRESP1, 100, disp, DISP, , , 7, , 1202
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 1.4e-6
$
Minimize Weighted Compliance for Constrained Mass
OptiStruct provides the response type WCOMP, weighted compliance, to be defined on the
DRESP1 card. In addition, you need to define the weight factors for each load case included
in the weighted compliance function. Note that both the objective and constraint are global
quantities (not specific to any single load case) and thus the DESOBJ and DESGLB statements
occur before the load case declarations.
$
DESOBJ = 50
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
WEIGHT = 2.0
$
SUBCASE 2
LOAD = 3
SPC = 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 50, wcomp, WCOMP
$
DRESP1, 100, weight, MASS
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 1.560
$
Maximize Frequency for Constrained Volume
The setup for this deck is similar to that for the first two decks except that, starting with
OptiStruct 5.0, the volume response now refers to the actual volume (not the volume
fraction).
$
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
METHOD = 2
SPC = 1
DESOBJ(MAX) = 1
$

BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, freq1, FREQ, , , 1
$
DRESP1, 100, vol, VOLUME
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 20000.0
$
Maximize Weighted Frequencies for Constrained Volume
In OptiStruct 3.5, the weighted frequency response (wfreq), was minimized since the inverse
of the eigenvalues was being summed together. This was done so that increasing the
frequencies of the lower modes would have a larger effect on the objective function than
increasing the frequencies of the higher modes. If the frequencies of all modes are simply
added together, OptiStruct will put more effort into increasing the higher modes than the
lower modes. Note that the DESOBJ statement goes above the first load case since wfreq is
a global response. To duplicate the frequency weighting and summing in OptiStruct 3.5, use
the following approach:
$
DESGLB = 101
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 11
SUBCASE 1
METHOD = 2
SPC = 1
MODEWEIGHT, 1, 1.0
MODEWEIGHT, 2, 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 11, wfreq, WFREQ
$
DRESP1, 100, vol, VOLUME
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 20000.0
$
Minimize Combined Compliance and Frequencies for Constrained Volume Fraction
In OptiStruct 3.5, the combined reciprocal frequency and compliance response (comb)
required a normalization factor in order to properly add frequency values and compliance. The
equivalent setup for OptiStruct 5.0 and higher is shown below.
If no NORM is given, OptiStruct will evaluate the frequencies and compliances in the initial
iteration step to automatically select a NORM factor.
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 50
DESGLB = 101
$
NORM = 1000.0
$
SUBCASE 1

LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
SUBCASE 2
LOAD = 3
SPC = 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
SUBCASE 3
METHOD = 10
SPC = 1
MODEWEIGHT, 1, 1.5
MODEWEIGHT, 2, 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 50, comp, COMB
$
DRESP1, 100, volf, VOLFRAC
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 0.300
$

BEAD (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
MASSTOH3D (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
ROTATION (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
DOPTPRM, MINMETH (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, PRTRENUM (Not Supported in 9.0 or Later Versions)
INFILE (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, GAPOFFST (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)
SET/PSET (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
DENSRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
SHRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
FLSPOUT (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, INRGAP (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)
MODELMPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, AMLSASPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
UPDATE (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)

BEAD (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
Bulk Data Entry
BEAD – Topography Design Variables
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topography design variables.
Format
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BEAD BID MW ANG BF HGT norm/ YD ZD SKIP

XD
FID/XF YF ZF AID/XA YA ZA LB UB TYP
SID/XS YS ZS UC YC
Example
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
BEAD 1 3.0 60.0 yes 5.0 norm both
0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 50
1.0 0.0 0.0 3
Field Contents
BID PID or DID (Integer > 0; no default). This field can contain the PSHELL
or PCOMP property ID of the elements or the desvar number of any set
of DVGRIDs present in the deck to be optimized for topography. If field
6 contains data, OptiStruct will assume that the BEAD card references
a property, otherwise it assumes that the card references a DESVAR
and its corresponding DVGRIDs.

Field Contents
MW Bead minimum width (Real > 0.0; no default). This parameter controls
the width of the beads in the model [recommended value between 1.5
and 2.5 times the average element width]. See comment 1.
ANG Draw angle in degrees (1.0 < Real < 89.0; no default). This parameter
controls the angle of the sides of the beads [recommended value
between 60 and 75 degrees]. See comment 1.
BF Buffer zone (‘yes’ or ‘no’; default = ‘yes’). This parameter will establish
a buffer zone between elements in the design domain and elements
outside the design domain.
HGT Draw height: (Real > 0.0; no default). This parameter sets the
maximum height of the beads to be drawn. This field is only valid if a
PID is declared in field 2.
norm/XD,YD,ZD Draw direction (‘norm’ in field 7 or Real in all three fields; default =
‘norm’). If field 7 is ‘norm’, the shape variables will be created in the
normal directions of the elements. If all the fields are real, the shape
variable will be created in the direction specified by the xyz vector
defined by fields 7, 8, and 9. The X, Y, and Z values are in the basic
coordinate system. This field is only valid if a PID is declared in field 2.
SKIP Boundary skip (‘both’, ‘bc’, ‘spc’, ‘load’, or ‘none’; default = ‘both’). This
parameter tells OptiStruct to leave certain nodes out of the design
domain. If ‘none’, all nodes attached to elements whose PID was
specified in field 2 will be a part of the shape variables. If ‘bc’ or ‘spc’,
any nodes which have SPC or SPC1 declarations are omitted from the
design domain. If ‘load’, any nodes which have FORCE, FORCE1,
MOMENT, MOMENT1, or SPCD declarations are omitted from the design
domain. If ‘both’, nodes with either ‘spc’ or ‘load’ declarations are
omitted from the design domain. This field is only valid if a PID is
declared in field 2.
FID/XF,YF,ZF Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping (Real in all three
fields or Integer in field 12; default = blank). These fields define an xyz
vector which determines how grids are grouped into variables. The X,
Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a
grid ID in field 12 to define the first vector. This vector goes from the
anchor point to this grid. If all fields are blank and field 20 is not blank
or zero, OptiStruct gives an error.
AID/XA,YA,ZA Variable grouping pattern anchor point (Real in all three fields or integer
in field 15; default = blank). These fields define a point which

Field Contents
determines how grids are grouped into variables. The X, Y, and Z

values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in
field 15 to define the anchor point.
LB Lower bound on variables controlling grid movement (Real < UB, default
= 0.0). This sets the lower bound on grid movement equal to LB*HGT.
UB Upper bound on variables controlling grid movement (Real > LB, default
= 1.0). This sets the upper bound on grid movement equal to UB*HGT.
TYP Type of variable grouping pattern. (Integer > 0, default = 0) Required

if any symmetry or variable pattern grouping is desired. If zero or
blank, anchor node, first vector, and second vector definitions are
ignored. If less than 20, second vector definition is ignored.
SID/XS,YS,ZS Direction used to determine second vector for variable pattern grouping
(Real in all three fields or Integer in field 22; default = blank). These
fields define an xyz vector which, when combined with the first vector,
form a plane. The second vector is calculated to lie in that plane and
is perpendicular to the first vector. The second vector is sometimes
required to determine how grids are grouped into variables. The X, Y,
and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid
ID in field 22 to define the second vector. This vector goes from the
anchor point to this grid. If all fields are blank and field 20 contains a
value of 20 or higher, OptiStruct gives an error.
UCYC Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry (Integer > 0 or

blank; default = 0). This field defines the number of radial "wedges" for
cyclical symmetry. The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 /
UCYC.
Comments
1. The BEAD bulk data entry will no longer be supported for the definition of topography
optimization. All definitions must be provided using the DTPG bulk data entry. HyperMesh
will continue to read BEAD entries, but will convert them into DTPG entries.

DOPTPRM, MINMETH (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later
Versions)
MINMETH Integer = 1,2 Specifies the method of minimum member size control.
Default = 2 Method 2 is set as default since it achieves more
discrete solutions for most examples.

MASSTOH3D (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
I/O Options Entry
MASSTOH3D - Output Request
Description
The MASSTOH3D command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of the
mass matrix to the .h3d file.
Format
MASSTOH3D = option
option <YES, ALL, NO, NONE, YES, ALL, blank: Mass matrix is output to .h3d
blank> file.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Mass matrix is not output.
Comments
1. Mass matrix is not output if this card is not present.
2. This option is only for use with MotionView's MBD Flexbody utility.

ROTATION (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
I/O Options Entry
ROTATION - Output Request
Description
The ROTATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the output of rotation information for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
ROTATION (format, form) = option

PUNCH, OUTPUT2, results format (.res file).
PATRAN, APATRAN,
blank> H3D: Results are output in Hyper3D
format (.h3d file).
Default = blank

results format (.disp file).

OUTPUT2: Results are output in Nastran

output2 format (.op2 file).
PATRAN: Results are output in Patran format

(multiple files).
APATRAN: Results are output in Alternative

Patran format (multiple files).

available.

form <COMPLEX, REAL, COMPLEX, blank: Provides a combined magnitude/

IMAG, PHASE, phase form of complex output to
BOTH> the .res file if HM output format is
chosen. The REAL form of complex
Default = COMPLEX output is used for other formats, if
they are not specifically defined.
(Phase output is in degrees).
REAL, IMAG: Provides rectangular format (real

and imaginary) of complex output.

BOTH: Provides both polar and rectangular

option <YES, ALL, YES, ALL, blank: Rotations are output for all nodes.
NO, NONE, SID>
Default = ALL NO, NONE: Rotations are not output.
SID: If a set ID is given, rotations are

output only for nodes listed in that
set.
Comments
1. When a ROTATION command is not present, rotations are not output.
3. The form BOTH does not apply to the .frf output files. Results are output to these files
using the rectangular form of complex output when BOTH is the chosen form.

dominates.
6. For optimization, the frequency of output to a given format is controlled by the I/O option
OUTPUT. In previous versions of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options FORMAT
and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it does
not allow different frequencies for different formats.

FLSPOUT (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)
FLSPOUT – Output Request
Description
The FLSPOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control output of modal
participation factors for coupled fluid-structure models.
Format
FLSPOUT(argument = option, argument = option, ...)
FLUIDMP <ALL, NONE> Requests fluid participation calculation of fluid response on

selected fluid points.
Default = NONE
ALL: Requests that all the fluid modes extracted be
used.
NONE: Requests no participation calculation.
GRIDFMP <SID> Requests inclusion or exclusion of specific fluid grids to be

used in all the requested types of participation
No default calculations.
SID: Set identification number - Results are output

only for fluid grids listed in the selected set.
FEPS <Real> Filter Threshold for fluid participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
ARF <Real> Acceptance ratio for fluid participation.
Default = 1.0e-11

STRUCTMP <ALL, NONE> Requests structural, load, and panel participation

calculations on the selected fluid points.
Default = NONE
ALL: Requests that all the structural modes extracted
be used.
NONE: Requests no participation calculation.
PANELMP <ALL> Requests inclusion or exclusion of panel participation

calculations on the selected fluid points.
Default = ALL
ALL: Requests that all the panels defined be included
in the participation calculations on the selected
fluid points.
SEPS <Real> Filter Threshold for structural participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
ARS <Real> Acceptance ratio for structural participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
PSORT <ABSOLUTE> Requests type of sort.
Default =
ABSOLUTE
Comments
1. GRIDFMP is required for all FLSPOUT statements.
2. FLUIDMP and STRUCTMP are required when PANELMP is defined.
3. The output file name for modal participation is *.modal.

MODELMPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
MODELMPC –
Description
MODELMPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section while including h3d DMIG
in residual runs. This card converts interior DOFs of the DMIG to exterior DOFs.
Format
MODELMPC = setdof
Examples
MODELMPC = 100
SET,100,GRIDC,
+,10643,T1,10643,T2,10643,T3
setdof < SID > Interior DOF of h3d DMIG to be converted into exterior
DOF. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC.
Comments
1. After the conversion with MODELMPC, these DOFs are part of the analysis DOFs and can be
used as connection points, load DOFs, response DOFs during optimization.

PARAM, AMLSASPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later
Versions)
AMLSASPC 0, 1 This parameter is used to indicate when to automatically

Default = 0 constrain degrees-of-freedom with no stiffness for AMLS
run.
If 0, then the constraints are applied before constraint

reduction.
If 1, then the constraints are applied after constraint

reduction.

PARAM, GAPOFFST (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later
Versions)
GAPOFFST YES, NO If YES, frictional offset for nonlinear gap analysis is

Default = YES active.
If NO, frictional offset for nonlinear gap analysis in

inactive.
For more details, refer to the PGAP description.

PARAM, INRGAP (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later
Versions)
INRGAP <YES, NO> PARAM, INRGAP can be used during nonlinear gap analysis
Default = NO to improve the performance for some models. In this
method, an internal super element which includes all of
the gap elements is created automatically, and the
nonlinear iterations are only processed in this super
element. If the degrees-of-freedom associated with gap
elements make up less than 3% of the total degrees-of-
freedom and the gap elements are concentrated in one
area of the model, this approach may be beneficial.
However, a performance gain is not guaranteed.

PARAM, PRTRENUM (Not Supported in 9.0 or Later
Versions)
PRTRENUM <YES, NO, LIST> If YES, prints a warning message when element
Default = YES nodes have been renumbered, including the number
of such elements. (Renumbering is applied to
elements that have node sequence reversed with
respect to the standard numbering as described on
respective bulk data cards).
If NO, no such message is printed.
If LIST, the warning message is printed for every

element where renumbering was necessary. The
message includes the node list before and after
renumbering.

UPDATE (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
UPDATE – Input Definition
Description
The UPDATE command controls the behavior of ASSIGN,UPDATE,<filename>.
Format
UPDATE option
Option Description
off Disable update.
permissive Allow all cards and repeat IDs.
quiet Less output [default].
strict Do not allow non-supported cards in update deck

[default].
unique Each ID only once.
verbose More output including old and new values.
Example
UPDATE verbose,unique
Comments
1. Choose only one option: verbose or quiet.
2. Choose only one option: unique, strict, permissive, or off.

INFILE (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)
I/O Options Entry
INFILE - File Selection
Description
The INFILE command is used in the I/O Options section to identify the file containing the bulk
data entries.
Format
INFILE = option
option <file prefix> file prefix: The path to and prefix of the .fem
file containing the bulk data entries.
Default = passed
in from the
command line.
Comments
1. This card is used in the obsolete two-file setup; the one-file or multiple-file setups are
recommended (see The Input File for more information).
2. Prefixes specified on the INFILE card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
appropriate to the operating system (Windows or UNIX). They may be enclosed in
quotes (double or single quotes can be used), and either forward slash (/) or back slash
(\) characters can be used to separate parts of the path name.
The following rules are used to locate a file referenced on the INFILE card:
When the argument contains the absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), the file at the given location
is used.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), the file has to be located in the
same directory as the file containing the INFILE command.
example), it is located in the directory relative to the file containing the INFILE
command and is NOT relative to the directory in which the solver was executed, or to
the directory where the main file is located.

SET/PSET (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later
Versions)
SET - Set Definition
PSET - Set Definition
Description
The SET and PSET commands can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information section
input deck to define sets of grids, elements, properties, or frequencies.
Format
SET n = i1, i2, …, in Integer sets are used for sets of grids,
elements, modes, and design variables.
SET n = r1, r2, …, rn Real value sets are used for frequencies or
times.
SET n = i1, c1, i2, c2, …, in, cn Sets of Gird/Component pairs are used for
PFMODE data.
Example:
SET 24 = 12, T1, 15, R2, 128, T3
(alternatively 12/T1, 15/R2, 128/T3 is

acceptable, see Guidelines for I/O Options
and Subcase Information Entries).
PSET n = PID1, PID2, …, PIDn Property identification numbers are used for
property set definition.
Comments
1. Every SET must have a unique identification number, n, regardless of whether the SET is
defined within a subcase or in the I/O Options section. Also, a SET cannot have the same
ID as a PSET or the bulk data entries SET, SET1, or SURF.
2. From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the SET bulk data entry for set definitions.

DENSRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later
Versions)
I/O Options Entry
DENSRES - Output Control
Description
The DENSRES command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of design results (density, shape, or thickness).
Format
DENSRES = frequency
frequency <FIRST, LAST, FIRST: Optimization results are output for the first
FL, ALL, N> iteration only.
Default = ALL
LAST: Optimization results are output for the final
iteration only.
FL: Optimization results are output for the first

and last iterations only.
ALL, blank: Optimization results are output for all

iterations.
N: Optimization results are output for the first

and last iterations and every Nth iteration.
If N = 5, output occurs for iterations 0, 5,
10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration.
Comments
1. This output control is ignored if OUTPUT, DESIGN is present.
2. When the DENSRES command is not present, results are output for all iterations.
3. From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the OUTPUT I/O Option entry to control this
output.

SHRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later
Versions)
I/O Options Entry
SHRES - Output Control
Description
The SHRES command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of the state files (.sh file and the .grid file).
Format
SHRES = frequency
frequency <FIRST, LAST, FIRST: The files are output for the first
FL, ALL, NONE, N> iteration only.
Default = LAST
LAST, blank: The files are output for the final
iteration only.
FL: The files are output for both the

first and last iterations.
ALL: The files are output for all

iterations.
NONE: The files are not output.
N: The files are output for the first

and last iterations and for every
Nth iteration. If N = 5, output
occurs for iterations 0, 5, 10, 15,
20, and so on, and the final
iteration. All equation and
combination responses are output.
Comments
1. When a SHRES command is not present, state files are output for the final iteration only.
2. The .grid file is only output for shape, topography, and free-shape optimization.

3. For all .sh and .grid output files bar the last one, the files are named
<prefix><iter#>.sh(.grid). The last one is just named <prefix>.sh(.grid).
4. The .grid file output may also be controlled by the GRID keyword on the OUTPUT card.
5. From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the OUTPUT I/O Option entry to control this
output.

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HyperWorks 13.

OptiStruct Reference Guide

HyperWorks is a division of Altair altairhyperworks.com

Location Telephone e-mail

Australia 64.9.413.7981 anzsupport@altair.com

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Copyright© Altair Engineering Inc. All Rights Reserved for:

Copyright notice does not imply publication

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Altair Engineering OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide 1

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The input file in OptiStruct is composed of three distinct sections:

The I/O Options Section

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input.fem file sub2.inc

4 OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide Altair Engineering

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This setup is obsolete; the one-file or multiple-file setups are recommended.

Notes: The format of the input sections in OptiStruct

File names specified on INCLUDE and other cards

The solver uses the following rules to locate a file name

When the argument contains the absolute path

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6 OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide Altair Engineering

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Altair Engineering OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide 7

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Numeric entries must start with a digit, ‘+’, or ‘-’.

The following three lines are equivalent:

The following is a card with multiple continuation lines:

The following is a path split across several lines:

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Each field consists of eight characters (shown below).

Large Field Fixed Format

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Character entries (labels) must start with a letter.

Altair Engineering OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide 11

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Incrementing a value from the previous entry is indicated by coding *x or *(x),

Replication data can follow other replication data.

GRID 101 17 1.0 10.5 17 3456

Incrementing a value from the previous entry is indicated by coding x or (x),