This Study Resource Was: Exercise Set 3.1

EXERCISE SET 3.
1
In exercises 1 to 10, use inductive reasoning to predict the
next number in each list.
2. 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35? Answer: 41

4. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125? Answer: 216
6. 80, 70, 61, 53, 46, 40? Answer: 35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ? Answer: 8
10. 1, 5, 12, 22, 35? Answer: 51
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In exercises 11 to 16, use inductive reasoning to decide
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whether each statement is correct.
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12. The product of an odd counting number and an even counting
number is always an even counting number.
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Answer:This statement is CORRECT.

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1x2=2 3x2=6 3x4=12 3x6=18
14. The sum of two odd counting numbers always an odd

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counting number.
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Answer: This statement is INCORRECT.

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1+3=4 3+5=8
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16. Pick any counting number. Multiply the number by 8. Subtract

4 from the product. Divide the difference by 2. Add 2 to the
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quotient. The resulting number is four times the original number.
Answer:
Original number 2
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Multiply by 8 = 8 (2) = 16
Subtract by 4 = 16 - 4 = 12
Divide by 2 = 12/2 = 6
Add 2 = 6 + 2 = 8
Result= 8, this number is four times the original number which is
2.
The statement is CORRECT.
18. Determine the distance a ball rolls, on inclined plane 2, during

each of the following time intervals.
a. 1st second: t ¿ 0 to t ¿ 1 second - Answer: 6.5 – 0.0 = 6.5 cm
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b. 2nd second: t ¿ 1 to t ¿ 2 seconds - Answer: 26.0 – 6.5 = 19.5
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cm
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c. 3rd second: 1 ¿ 2 to 1 ¿ 3 seconds - Answer: 58.5 - 26.0 =
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32.5 cm
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d. 4th second: t ¿ 3 to t ¿ 4 seconds - Answer: 104 - 58.5 = 45.5
cm
e. 5th second: t ¿ 4 to t ¿ 5 seconds - Answer: 162.5 - 104.0 =
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58.5 cm
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20. For inclined plane 2, the distance a ball rolls in the 1 st second
is 6.5 centimeters. Think of this distance as 1 unit. Determine how
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far in terms of units a ball will roll on inclined plane 2, in the

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following time intervals.

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a. 2nd second: t=1 to t=2 seconds - Answer: 19.5 / 6.5 = 3 units

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b. 3rd second :t=2 to t=3 seconds – Answer: 32.5 / 6.5 = 5 units

c. 4th second: t=3 to t=4 seconds - Answer: 45.5 / 6.5 = 7 units
d. 5th second: t=4 to t=5 seconds - Answer: 58.5 / 6.5 = 9 units
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In exercises 21 to 24, use inductive reasoning and the
data in the inclined plane time-distance table, shown
above exercise 17, to predict the answer to each question.
22. If the time a ball is allowed to roll on an inclined plane is

tripled, what effects does this have on the distance the ball rolls?
Answer:
It will be TRIPLED.
3 seconds = 72
6 seconds = 288
9 seconds = 648
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24. How far will a ball roll on inclined plane 1 in 1.5 seconds?
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Answer:
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18 cm
In exercises 25 to 32, determine whether the argument is
an example of inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.
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26. All pentagons have exactly five sides. Figure A is a pentagon.

Therefore, Figure A has exactly five sides.
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Answer: Deductive Reasoning

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28. Cats don’t eat tomatoes. Tigger is a cat. Therefore, Tigger

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does not eat tomatoes.

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Answer: Deductive Reasoning

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30. The Atlanta Braves have won five games in a row. Therefore,
the Atlanta Braves will win their next game.
Answer: Inductive Reasoning
32. The following equation show that n2−n+ 11 is a prime number
for all counting numbers n ¿ 1,2,3,4,…
Answer: Inductive Reasoning
In exercises 33 to 38, find a number that provides a

counterexample to show that the given statement is false.
34. For all numbers x ,x +x >x.
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Answer: Zero (0) and all negative numbers.
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36. For all numbers x ,|x+3|=|x|+3.
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Answer: All negative numbers.
(x+1)(x-1)
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38. For all numbers x , (x-1) =x+1.

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Answer: Zero (0) and all positive numbers.

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In exercises 39 and 40, find a pair of numbers that

provides a counterexample to show that the given
statement is false.
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40. If the product of two counting numbers is an even counting

number, then both of the counting numbers are even counting
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numbers.
Answer:
1x2=2
1 is not an even counting number.
In exercises 41 and 42, use deductive reasoning to
determine the missing numbers in each magic square.
42. A magic square of order 5
Answer:
1 2 7 2 3
1 4 0
4 1 2 8 1
2 5 6
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1 5 1 2 9
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7 3 1
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1 1 1 1 2
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0 8 4 2
2 6 1 2 1rs e
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3 9 5
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44. Use deductive reasoning to show that the following procedure

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always produces the number 5.

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Answer:
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3n + 12 – 7 – 3n = 5
Example: 3(2) + 12 – 7 – 3(2) = 5
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46. Gourment Chefs. The Changs, Steinbergs, Ontkeans, and

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Gonzaleses were winners in the All-State Cooking Contest. There

was a winner in each of four categories: soup,entrée,salad, and
dessert. From the following clues, determine in which category
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each family was the winner.
Sou Entré Sala Desse
ps e d rt
Changs X / X X
Steinber X X / X
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Ontkean X X X /
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Gonzales / X X X
es
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48. Map Coloring. The following map shows eight states in the
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central time zone of the United States Four colors have been used
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to color the states such that no two bondering states are the
same color.
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a. Can this map be colored, using only three colors, such that no
two bordering states are the same color?
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Answer: YES
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b. Can this map be colored, using only two colors, such that no
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two bordering states are the same color?

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Answer: NO
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50. Driving Time. Suppose, in Exercise 49, that you need to go

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to the supermarket after you have completed the other two

errands. What route should you take to minimize your travel time?
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Answer:
Home to Credit Union 8.5 minutes
Credit Union to Bookstore 6 minutes
Bookstore to Supermarket 4.5 minutes
Supermarket to Home 11 minutes
TOTAL 30 minutes
EXTENSIONS
51. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next letter in the

following list.
O,T,T,F,F,S,S,E,…
One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight,………
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52. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next symbol in the
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following list.
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53. Counterexamples. Find a counterexample to prove that the
inductive argument in
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a. Exercise 31 is incorrect Answer:no counterexample

b. Exercise 32 is incorrect Answer: no counterexample
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54. The Month Hall Problem Redux. You can use the internet
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to perform an experiment to determine the strategy for playing

the Monty Hall problem, which was stated in the Chapter 3 opener
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on page 55. Here is the procedure.

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a. Use a search engine to find a website that provides a

simulation of the Monty Hall problem. This problem is also known
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as the three-door problem, so search under both of these titles.

Once you locate a site that provides a simulation, play the
simulation 30 times using the strategy of not switching. Record
the number of times you win the grand prize. Now play the
simulation 30 times using the strategy of switching. How many
times did you win the grand prize by not switching? How many
times did you win the grand prize by switching?
b. On the basis of this experiment, which strategy seems to be

the best strategy for winning the grand prize? What type of
reasoning have you used?
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EXERCISE SET 3.

2. 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35? Answer: 41

Answer:This statement is CORRECT.

1x2=2 3x2=6 3x4=12 3x6=18

14. The sum of two odd counting numbers always an odd

Answer: This statement is INCORRECT.

16. Pick any counting number. Multiply the number by 8. Subtract

quotient. The resulting number is four times the original number.

18. Determine the distance a ball rolls, on inclined plane 2, during

a. 1st second: t ¿ 0 to t ¿ 1 second - Answer: 6.5 – 0.0 = 6.5 cm

far in terms of units a ball will roll on inclined plane 2, in the

following time intervals.

a. 2nd second: t=1 to t=2 seconds - Answer: 19.5 / 6.5 = 3 units

b. 3rd second :t=2 to t=3 seconds – Answer: 32.5 / 6.5 = 5 units

22. If the time a ball is allowed to roll on an inclined plane is

26. All pentagons have exactly five sides. Figure A is a pentagon.

Answer: Deductive Reasoning

28. Cats don’t eat tomatoes. Tigger is a cat. Therefore, Tigger

does not eat tomatoes.

Answer: Deductive Reasoning

Answer: Inductive Reasoning

Answer: Inductive Reasoning

In exercises 33 to 38, find a number that provides a

34. For all numbers x ,x +x >x.

38. For all numbers x , (x-1) =x+1.

Answer: Zero (0) and all positive numbers.

In exercises 39 and 40, find a pair of numbers that

40. If the product of two counting numbers is an even counting

42. A magic square of order 5

44. Use deductive reasoning to show that the following procedure

always produces the number 5.

46. Gourment Chefs. The Changs, Steinbergs, Ontkeans, and

Gonzaleses were winners in the All-State Cooking Contest. There

each family was the winner.

two bordering states are the same color?

50. Driving Time. Suppose, in Exercise 49, that you need to go

to the supermarket after you have completed the other two

51. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next letter in the

a. Exercise 31 is incorrect Answer:no counterexample

to perform an experiment to determine the strategy for playing

on page 55. Here is the procedure.

a. Use a search engine to find a website that provides a

as the three-door problem, so search under both of these titles.

b. On the basis of this experiment, which strategy seems to be

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