SAT MATH CHECKLIST:

Facts and Formulas

Numbers and Arithmetic

Sum of consecutive integers 𝑛 + 𝑛 + 1 + 𝑛 + 2 …

Sum of the consecutive integers from 1 (n + 1) × 𝑛 2

to an integer n

even + even = even even ⨯ even = even

Adding or multiplying even or odd
odd + odd = even odd ⨯ odd = odd
integers
odd + even = odd odd ⨯ even = even

𝑎 𝑐
Cross-multiplication If = , then 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
𝑏 𝑑

𝑐𝑕𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
Percent increase or percent decrease × 100%
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡

𝑎1 = 𝑎 (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
𝑎0 = 1 𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑚 = (𝑎𝑏)𝑚
1 𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑚
Exponent rules 𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑚 =( )
𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑚 +𝑛
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚
𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚
𝑎𝑚
= 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛

If 𝑥 = 4, then 𝑥 = 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4
Absolute value If 𝑥 < 4, then − 4 < 𝑥 < 4
If 𝑥 > 4, then 𝑥 < −4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 4

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 Algebra and Functions

Difference of squares 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

The inequality is reversed by

 taking the negative of both sides
Properties of inequalities  taking the reciprocal of both sides
 multiplying or dividing both sides by a negative
number

Rates 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

The set of all the “input” numbers for which the function
Domain of a function
still works

Range of a function The set of all the “output” numbers

rise 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Formula for slope 𝑚= =
run 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

 Horizontal lines have slopes of zero.

 Vertical lines have undefined slopes.
Facts about slope  Non-vertical parallel lines have equal slopes.
 Non-vertical perpendicular lines have slopes
whose product is -1.

Linear functions 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

Quadratic functions 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

Translation of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), a units

𝑦 − 𝑎 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑏)
vertically and b units horizontally

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 Geometry

 The sum of any number of angles that form a

straight line is 180°.
 The sum of any number of angles around a point is
360°.
Angle sums
 Two angles that add to 90° are called
complementary angles.
 Two angles that add to 180° are called
supplementary angles.

Sum of the interior angles of a polygon

180°(𝑛 − 2)
with n sides

Vertical angles

𝑎 = 𝑑 and 𝑏 = 𝑐

Transversals

𝑎=𝑑=𝑒=𝑕
𝑏=𝑐=𝑓=𝑔
𝑐 + 𝑒 = 180° and 𝑑 + 𝑓 = 180°

Exterior angle of a triangle

𝑑=𝑎+𝑏

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Classification of triangles

Pythagorean Theorem 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2

Special right triangles

The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle is always

Triangle inequality
greater than the length of the third side

1
Area of a triangle 𝐴 = 𝑏𝑕
2

Area of a parallelogram or rectangle 𝐴 = 𝑏𝑕

Area of a trapezoid 1
𝐴 = 𝑕(𝑎 + 𝑏)
2

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
Area and circumference of a circle
𝐶 = 𝜋𝑑 = 2𝜋𝑟

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 𝐿 𝑥°
=
2𝜋𝑟 360°
Arc length (L) and area (A) 𝐴 𝑥°
2
=
𝜋𝑟 360°

𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤𝑕
Volume and surface area of a 𝑆𝐴 = 2𝑙𝑤 + 2𝑤𝑕 + 2𝑙𝑕
rectangular solid

Diagonal of a rectangular solid 𝑑2 = 𝑙2 + 𝑤 2 + 𝑕2

𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑕
Volume and surface area of a right
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟𝑕
cylinder

Distance formula 𝑑= (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
Midpoint formula ( , )
2 2

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 Data Analysis and Statistics

If there are m ways to complete the first and n ways to

Counting principle complete the second, then there are 𝑚 × 𝑛 ways to
complete the two of them

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Probability
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

𝑠𝑢𝑚
Average 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
𝑛

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