pigging is used to clear the line of a blockage in the pipe line end terminal, thde pipeline end terminal

can be blocked due to accumulationn of liquid in the pipeline end terminal and this blockages can slow
down the flow of product through the product lines of the piepline end terminal this will also lead to
drop in flowrate due to the changes in internal diameter which is due to wax build up

valves they are used to regulates, control, direct, open, close and partially obstruct fluid flow.

gate valve

gate valves or inline valves are linear motion valves used to start or stop the flow of fluid, they are fully
oepend or fully closeed they provide good shut off. they are not used for throttling because it can lead to
seat and disc wear in the gate valve.

check valve they prevent back flow in the piping system, the check valve is opened with foward flow and
closed automatically in case of back flow.

ball valve it is a rotary motion quater turn valve, it uses a ball shaped disc to stop or start the flow

the storage tank is used for storing processed crude oil, the storage tanks on the tank farm are floating
roof tanks, floating roof tanks are used for storing crude oil, motor spirit and kerosene. the roof is not
fixed but floats on the surface of the liquid it contains, floating roof tanks are used to prevent
evaporation of the liquids that are stored in them

internal floating roof storage tank

butterfly value is a quater turn rotatry motion valve thta is used to start or stop or regulate the flow b
utterfly valve is

pressure relief valve is a valve that is used to protect the equipment or piping system from over pressure
this valve relaeses the pressure at predefined set presssures.