Connectors

Sentence Connector
Definition: Sentence connector is a word or a phrase that connects two clauses or two sentences together. For examples,
we eat rice so that we can live. So, we must grow enough rice for our lives.
In the first sentence, so that is clause connector where in the second sentence, so is a sentence connector.

A. SIMILARITY (অভিন্নতা) ::
Similarly (একইভাবে) / likewise / in the same way / alike
Our educational system is not good. Similarly, our agricultural process is not that much developed.
The Team A has done well to help the poor. Likewise, the Team B has performed well too.

B. CONTRAST (পার্থক্য / বৈপরীত্য) ::

(i) But (কিন্তু) / On the other hand / in contrast / on the contrary (অন্যদিকে) / However (যাহোক) / Yet (তবুও)
Ali worked hard. On the other hand, / In contrast / However, Omar hardly did any work at all.
Metin is lazy. But / However, his brother is quite hard-working.
(ii) Though / Although (যদিও) / Even though (এমনকি যদিও)
Although / Though / Even though she is meritorious, she has a little idea about the outside world.

PRACTICE # 1
1. Faria won the gold medal after three months of hard training. ______, you too could win if you practice hard.
2. Japanese cars are very well-built and reliable. ________, Italian cars have lots of breakdowns.
3. Finance is the study of the monetary resources of an organization. _______, economics is the study of the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
4. Thomas Edison had failed several times before he successfully invented the first light bulb. ______, you too could attain your
dreams if you never give up trying.
5. People cannot survive under water. ________, a fish will die if it is taken out of water.
6. We carried out our fund-raising campaigns since last year. ______, we still have not reached our target.
7. Life in the country may not be as exciting as life in the city. ______, you will get peace and quietness there.
8. _______ he was telling the truth, nobody believed him.
9. I don’t think that prices will go up really sharply. _______, I don’t see them going down much lower either.
10. He lives in a poor small flat ________ he's a millionaire.

C. RESULT / CONSEQUENCE (ফলাফল) ::

So (তাই) / as a result / as a consequence (এর ফলে) / therefore (এই কারণে) / for this reason (এই কারণে) / that is why (এই
কারণে) / Thus (এভাবে) / Hence (এভাবে)
I was very sick. As a result, / So / Therefore / for this reason, I didn’t go to college.
Amzad is very insincere. He does not study well. Thus / Hence, he wastes his time.

D. CAUSE AND EFFECT (কারণ এবং ফলাফল) ::

(i) Because (যেহেতু / কারণ) / since (যেহেতু) / as (যেহেতু)
Platinum is rather expensive since / as / because it is quite hard to find.
(ii) so that / in order that (যাতে)
We eat rice so that / in order that we can live.
(iii) Otherwise / or (নতুবা)
Study hard. Otherwise, you cannot pass in the exam. / Study hard or you cannot pass in the exam.

PRACTICE # 2
1. Bangladesh is a small country. _______, she cannot house her large population.
2. Many dishonest businessmen hoard the daily commodities. _______, the prices of them lie at an imbalanced rate.
3. She is only sixteen and _______ she is not eligible to vote.
4. The banker takes physical exercise daily. ______, he always looks fit and healthy. _______, the businessman looks very unhappy
and unhealthy _______ he doesn’t take any exercise.
5. ______ my dog is so hairy, I have to get its hair cut regularly.
6. It is imperative that we protect our environment. ______ the coming generations may suffer more.
7. _______ the supervisor gave him warning, the member violated his instructions. _______, he offended his supervisor. _______, he
was removed from the team.
8. I am giving you this paper ________ you can wrap the book.
9. Let us not be over-confident of ourselves. ______ we may lose out in the final round.
10. Our doctor was out. ______, we had to look for another doctor _______ could diagnose aspiratory diseases.
11. I am not going to the concert with you ______ I have to visit my grandmother _______ is hospitalized.
12. Tea should be served in every meeting ______ the members will not be sleepy.

E. ADDITION (সংযোজন) ::
Besides / moreover / furthermore / in addition (এছাড়াও / অধিকন্তু)
Swimming alone is against the rules. Moreover / Besides / Furthermore / In addition, it's dangerous.
I studied journalism in college. In addition, / Moreover / Besides, I had a part-time job at a newspaper.

G. EXEMPLIFICATION (উদাহরণ) ::
For example, / For instance (উদাহরণস্বরূপ)
Women generally live longer than men. For example, / For instance, in the United States life expectancy for
women is 75, while it is 73 for men.

H. EXPLANATION (ব্যাখ্যা) ::

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In other words, / That is to say / That is / Namely / Put differently (অন্যভাবে বলা যায়)
Keep family ties alive. In other words, / That is to say, don’t ignore your family because of work.
John has managed to get over Jane. In other words, he’s started seeing other women.

PRACTICE # 3
1. Jolil is directing the movie. ______, he is playing the lead role in it.
2. The bungalow had seven rooms, each with an attached bathroom. ______, there was a large swimming pool.
3. Earthquakes can be highly destructive. ______, the earthquake occurred in Nepal in 1939 destroyed the whole town.
4. Bangladesh is a small country. It has a huge population. Poverty is its main problem. _______, natural disasters have
become its part and parcel.
5. Appreciate the small things your spouse does for you. _____, leave thank-you notes for them every now and then.
6. Smoking is a bad habit _____ it smells bad and it can damage your health. _____, it is a very expensive habit.
7. Misunderstandings can be highly destructive. _____, if your spouse sees you with a friend of the opposite sex in a café,
she might not understand ____ she hasn’t been invited and demand an explanation.
8. Don’t be unsociable. _____, go out and make some friends.
9. The refugees are desperately short of food. ______, they are desperately in need of medical supplies.
10. The students do not try to understand English. _______, they are going from bad to worse.

I. LISTING (তালিকাকরণ) ::
First / Firstly / At first / First of all Second / Secondly Third / thirdly Finally / Lastly / At last
First / Firstly / At first / First of all Next / Then After that / Afterwards Finally / Lastly / At last
To make a cup of tea is very easy. First / Firstly / At first / First of all, bring some pure drinking water in a pot. Then,
boil it in the hearth. After that, put some tea leaves and mix some sugar in it. Next, put the boiled mixture in a tea cup.
Finally, / Lastly / At last, you have a delicate cup of tea.

PRACTICE # 4
1. Wash the potatoes first. ______ you can boil them.
2. To make a telephone call, ____ pick up the receiver and ____ insert a coin into the coin-box.
3. Listen carefully to what the supervisor has to say. ______ ask questions if you still have any confusion.
4. There are many ways to solve the food problem in Bangladesh. _______, we must sustain the present production of food. _______,
we must control the rapid population growth. _______, steps should be taken against the division of land. _______, we can ensure
food security in our country.
5. ______ she adds salt. ______ she pours in the milk. ______ she beats the eggs.
6. We bumped into Anik during our trip to Chittagong. A few weeks ______, we met him again.
7. She brought the kitten home and fed it. ______, she gave it a bath.
8. "There are many things we have to do. ______, we have to clean this room," Mrs Raj said.
9. Owning a car has some advantages. ____, it gives you comfort. _____, it saves you a lot of time. ____, it gives you great freedom
of movement.

J. CORRECTION (সংশোধন) ::
Rather / instead (বরং)
Her name is not Margaret. Rather / Instead, it is Margot.
You thought he was a lazy person. Rather, he is very dynamic and diligent.

K. CONCLUSION (উপসংহার) ::
In conclusion / In brief / In fine / To sum up / In a word / In a nutshell / All in all
His whole family depends on him. He is the only earning member of his family. In a word / To sum up, he is the
umbrella of his family.

L. EMPHASIZING (গুরুত্ব আরোপ) ::

In fact / As a matter of fact / Actually / Indeed (মূলত / প্রকৃতপক্ষে / আসলে)
I think it would be a good idea to send her some flowers. In fact, / As a matter of fact / Actually / Indeed, she is a
flower lover.

PRACTICE # 5
1. There is no point asking what the authorities can do for you. ______ ask what you can do for your community.
3. There is no shortage of basic skills in the workplace. _______, the problem is poor management.
4. Bangladesh is a small country. She has a large population. She cannot ensure the basic rights of her citizens. _______, People are
mostly poor here. _______, Bangladesh is burdened with many problems.
5. Dogs are faithful animal. They are very friendly. _____, they can help in your work. _____, they are very useful for human beings.
6. This loss is not a failure. _____, it is a future investment.
7. Climate change is seriously influencing the world’s temperature. ______, it is a great problem.
8. We must stop air pollution at any cost. _____, the problem is much severe at present.

M. TIME (সময়) ::
(i) In the meantime, / meanwhile / for the time being / for the moment (ইতিমধ্যে)
They'll be here soon. Meanwhile / In the meantime, let's have coffee.
(ii) At the same time (একই সময়ে)
Rahim was reading a book. At the same time, Karim was writing a letter to his mother.
(iii) At present / Presently / At the present time / Now-a-days (বর্ত মানে)
At present/presently/At the present time / Now-a-days, the condition of the farmers is not good at all.
(iv) Since (…..সময় থেকে)
I have been watching this cartoon since I was a kid.
It is almost five years since I came here.
(v) Before (আগে) / Prior to that (এর আগে)
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The patient had died before the doctor came.

He is working in the chocolate shop now. Prior to that, he was a weaver.
(vi) After (পরে) / Later (এর পরে)
The doctor came after the patient had died.
I phoned her at noon but she did not pick up. Later, she called me back at night.
(vii) When / while (যখন)
[Note: Use ‘while’ in case of past continuous tense. On the other hand, you can use ‘when’ in any kind of tense EXCEPT
past continuous.]
When I talked to Sarah, the doorbell rang.
While I was talking to Sarah, the doorbell rang.
(viii) As long as (যে পর্যন্ত)
I will wait here as long as you work.

PRACTICE # 6
1. We tried our best to make the victims as comfortable as possible. ______ we waited for the ambulance to come.
2. All the students have been upset ______ Mrs. Teresa left the school.
3. We had successfully finished our work _______ the supervisor came. _______ the supervisor reached, he became very
satisfied with us.
4. My sister was in the dentist's office for 10 minutes. _____, I sat in the waiting room with a magazine in my hands.
5. The rabbit came out of its hole _______ the hyenas had left the place.
6. _______ she was walking in the garden, a poisonous snake bit her. _______, she is in hospital.
7. The party is Tuesday, but _____ I have to shop and prepare the food.
8. We joined Bob’s party and talked to him. _____, Bob invited us.
9. _____, the greenhouse effect has appeared as a great threat to our existence. _____, we must be aware of this problem.
10. It is almost seven years _______ I met him at Chittagong. _______, he is working in a multi-national company in
Dhaka.
11. Mr. Aziz and I was talking about the problem. ______, Jahir found a definite solution for this.
12. I was busy doing my homework. ______, my brothers were busy playing video games.
13. _____, the prices of daily commodities are increasing at an imbalanced rate. ___, the government should take
necessary steps to control this price hike.
14. Look both ways ________ you cross the road.
15. The bell rang _______ I was sleeping. _______, my sleep was broken _______ I went to open the door to check
_______ it was.
16. I don't care who you are, where you're from, what you did, ________ you love me.

N. CONDITION / PROBABILITY / COMPARISON (শর্ত / সম্ভাব্যতা / তুলনা)::

(i) If (যদি) (v) Until / Till (যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত)
If you want to shine in life, you must study hard. Wait here until / till I come back.
(ii) Unless (যদি না) (vi) As soon as (যেইমাত্র)
Unless you study hard, you cannot shine in life. As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
(iii) Lest (পাছে যদি) (vii) Whether / If (কিনা)
Take the umbrella with you lest it should rain. I want to know whether / if I can have a ticket on the bus.
(iv) In case (পাছে যদি) (viii) As if / As though (যেন)
Take the umbrella with you in case it rains. He talks as if / as though he were a mad.

PRACTICE # 7
1. Read attentively _______ you should fail in the examination.
2. The man asked me _________ I had completed the work.
3. I don’t know _______ he will come or not.
4. I could have captured HD pictures _____ I had had a digital camera.
5. Study hard _______ you learn the lesson.
6. I would miss the bus _____ you informed me about it.
7. Keep calling ______ anybody receives the phone.
8. The bird flew away ______ it saw the hunter.
9. The dog ate the food hungrily ______ it had been starved for months.
10. They shouted _______ they had seen a ghost.

O. WH QUESTIONS:
What (যা), which (যেটা), when (যখন), where (যেখানে), who (যে), how (যেভাবে), whom (যাকে), whose (যার), that
(যেটা)

PRACTICE # 8
1. Our organisation needs some workers _______ are really industrious and dedicated.
2. I don't know _______ has been bothering you lately, _______ if I've done something, I wish you would tell me.
3. Two hundred years ago there lived in Scotland a young man _______ name was Alexander Selkirk.
4. I do not know _______ she did not talk to me _______ why she did not phone me back.
5. I found Jerin and Sarah in the dining room _______ they were having an ice cream snack.
6. The doctor had recommended the patient _______ he stop smoking, _______ he didn’t listen to the doctor _______ so he gets a
cancer now.
7. Every child feels displaced to some degree _______ a new sibling arrives.
8. Can you please tell me _______ long it will take to go to the bus stop from here?
9. They hired the man ________ we interviewed last week.
10. Peter was carrying a wooden box _______ he carefully placed in the trunk.

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