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listening 1 Page 81 5
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1 Hi, Mark. It’s Carol. Sorry I haven’t answered your
call. Last weekend, I was on holiday in Budapest,
which was great, but when I paid my hotel bill
with my credit card, the receptionist accidentally
charged €50,000 instead of the local currency.
She noticed immediately, apologised, put the
money back on my card and charged the correct
amount, so I didn’t think there was a problem.
When I got home, I received a message from my
bank saying I owed them £1,000. They charge
a percentage each time you use the card abroad, so
they charged me when the €50,000 was deducted
from my card and then when it was returned. I’m
sure I’ll get the money back, but at the moment,
I’m in debt!
2
Man: Mmm … something smells good.
Woman: I hope you like it. It’s chicken and
pumpkin in a coconut milk and curry
sauce.
Man: Wow! That sounds amazing! Where’d
you get the idea from?
Woman: Well, my friend was telling me that she
started to use a lot of pumpkin in her
cooking. It’s tasty and healthy for you.
Man: So, did she give you the recipe?
Woman: She told me about a pumpkin curry, but
I wanted to make it a bit more special, so
I searched for recipes online. I found lots
of recipes, so I took a few ideas from
different ones and put them together to
make my own original dish.
3 Girl: How was your first day at work in the
restaurant?
Boy: Not exactly how I’d expected. I thought
I would be washing dishes all day, but at
lunch, the manager asked me to help the
waiters because there were so many
customers.
Girl: That’s definitely more interesting than
washing dishes.
Boy: Yes, but serving food is hard work. I couldn’t
rest for even a minute. Luckily, the crowds left
after an hour, and I was sent back to the
kitchen. But then I had to chop vegetables.
Talk about boring! And the chef got angry
when I cut them too thick or too thin. I was
glad to get back to washing dishes. At least
no one shouts at me there.
IH-015-788
4 Woman: OK, turn left here.
Man: I can’t – the road’s closed.
Woman: So, just carry on to the next turn and we’ll
get back to where we should be. … Not
here! It’s a one-way street! Didn’t you see
the sign?
Man: I saw it. I wasn’t going to turn there. Oh,
no! Now we have to turn right here. How
are we going to get back to the hotel?
Woman: It’s alright. Look, there’s a petrol station.
We can turn round there, drive past the
first turn that was closed and then find
another road to turn into after that.
Man: OK, let’s see what happens.
5 Come to Green Kilos, the supermarket that cares
about the environment. We don’t use any single-use
plastic in our shop. Whatever you want to buy, you
have to bring your own containers. Fill up your
shampoo and cleaning products bottles from our
refillable 10-litre tanks. We clean and refill our
containers each day and can provide sell-by dates
for you to note down for whatever you buy.
All our fruit, vegetables and dairy products come
from local farms and are delivered daily, so you are
guaranteed fresh products. Save money and save
the planet. Come and shop at Green Kilos today.
6 Girl: What are you looking at?
Boy: It’s a message from Emily. She’s on holiday
in Australia, and she’s posted some photos
from the Cage of Death.
Girl: What’s that?
Boy: It’s a plastic box that you get into and then go
under the water in the middle of a pool, where
there’s a giant five-metre-long saltwater
crocodile! You spend 15 minutes down there!
The crocodile can see you in the box, so it
comes up very close to you, hoping to get a
meal. I’d be scared to death, but I’m sure
Emily loved it. She’s not afraid of anything!
listening 2 Page 82 5
02
Presenter: M
 y guest today is Colin Harris, an architect,
who is here to tell us about an interesting
development in Jakarta, the capital of
Indonesia. Before you do that, Colin, could
you give our listeners some background
about Jakarta?
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Colin:  es, of course. Jakarta is one of the most
Y Colin: 
populated cities in Southeast Asia, with
a population of over ten million in the city
itself and about 30 million in the greater
urban area. As with so many cities of its
size, it suffers terribly from pollution and
overcrowding. In 2019, it was named as
Southeast Asia’s most polluted city.
Air-monitoring sites found that the air
quality could only be described as good on
26 days of the year, these being during the
rainy season.
Presenter:  So, what is the government doing about
this?
Colin: Well, city officials have recommended that
30% of the city should be given over to
green spaces in order to provide areas
where residents can escape from the
pollution, but at the moment, the actual
figure is only around 10%.
Presenter: But I understand there may be a solution to
this problem.
Colin: Possibly. The idea is to build more
high-density accommodation, or in other
words, tower blocks. However, richer
residents who live in houses with gardens
don’t want to give up their land, so it’s
important to find somewhere they can have
the same standard of living without
valuable space being wasted. Cosmo Park
will, perhaps, be able to offer a solution.
Presenter: So, what is Cosmo Park and why is it
special?
Colin: Cosmo Park is a housing development of
78 two-storey houses. It was built ten years
ago and its residents love it. There are
quiet, safe streets where children can play
and ride their bikes. There is a real sense of
community because everyone knows each
other, and there are facilities such as
a swimming pool and tennis courts that the
residents can use. Although it’s ten years
old, little was known about it outside of
Jakarta until earlier this year when a drone
flew overhead and photographed it. The
photos were retweeted thousands of times,
and suddenly Cosmo Park became a big
news story.
Presenter:  OK, but what makes Cosmo Park different
from other neighbourhoods?
Colin: Well, it’s built on top of a shopping centre.
Access to the neighbourhood is only
available to residents who have a special
card to allow them to the tenth floor of the
mall on foot or even by car. That means it’s
entirely safe, and although the air can’t be
described as clean, it’s certainly cleaner
than at ground level. Also, the residents
can access shops, restaurants and
entertainment centres without leaving
Cosmo Park, a great benefit during the
rainy season or when traffic congestion is
really bad.
Presenter: So, how does this help the city as a whole?
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Well, Jakarta is home to about 170 malls
altogether, so there are many more
opportunities for similar developments
elsewhere, and as I said, this will free up land
which is currently used for low-density
housing.
Presenter: Thank you, Colin, for coming on our show
today.
listening 3 Page 83 5
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Speaker 1: I love going abroad and trying new dishes,
but usually we go to places like Spain or Italy,
and the menus are easy to understand. Last
year, we went to China and decided to avoid
international restaurants with bilingual
menus. We can’t read Chinese, but ordering
was easy. We just pointed at random items on
the menu. Some were delicious and very
reasonably priced. Other times, we weren’t so
lucky! I’m afraid I can’t tell you what we had,
just that every evening was an adventure, and
we had a lot of fun meeting locals and trying
to communicate with them.
Speaker 2: I love tapas because I love trying lots of
different things. My parents are the same,
and I still remember tapas meals with them
from family holidays to Spain when I was
a child. We found an incredible restaurant
where you ticked the items you wanted on
a special form. Luckily, we had our phones
to translate items we didn’t understand. The
place was packed, and I was amazed they
didn’t get confused with all the orders. The
food was delicious, and we came away
completely full for a fraction of the price of
a normal meal.
Speaker 3: Before eating out, we always check online
reviews and are rarely disappointed. On
a recent holiday, we read about a small
restaurant which had an incredibly
inexpensive lunch menu. Unfortunately, we
arrived too late to take advantage of it, but
the food was excellent, so we didn’t worry
too much about the price. When we’d finished
our main course, the owner’s mother
came to our table with a homemade cake
with the word “Welcome” written on the plate
in chocolate sauce. It made a wonderful meal
a perfect one.
Speaker 4: There was one meal that I’ll never forget.
It was at a self-service restaurant, but there
were several different counters with different
items on them and different places to pay.
The staff weren’t very friendly and kept
shouting at us because we were in the wrong
queue. We finally got what we wanted and sat
down, but it was quite embarrassing because
everyone was staring at us! At least we didn’t
pay much, although probably more than the
meal was worth. The food was OK but
certainly not as good as a home-cooked meal.

listening 4 Page 84 5
04
Interviewer: Today, we have Emily Harding with us, the
author of Garden Gastronomy. Emily
doesn’t try to keep her garden perfectly
tidy and weed free. On the contrary, she
encourages all sorts of plants to grow that
most people would dig up. Welcome, Emily.
So tell us – why do you like weeds?
Emily: Well, simply, many of the weeds that grow
naturally are edible and can be used in
cooking. In fact, they’re not only edible but
often very nutritious and full of flavour.
Interviewer: When did your interest in edible weeds
start?
Emily: It started when I was on holiday in Eastern
Europe. My husband and I stayed in a small
guest house in a village. We’d had a very
stressful year trying to run our own
business, so we spent the year grabbing
snacks and eating takeaways at our
computers. Not a very healthy lifestyle!
When the business finally collapsed, we
had no idea what to do with our lives, so
we booked this holiday to give ourselves
two weeks to think.
Interviewer: So, did the two weeks help?
Emily: Definitely. From the moment we arrived,
we knew we’d be happy there. The hostess,
Lilya, welcomed us with some lovely
home-cooked food. As we hadn’t eaten
since breakfast, it was very welcome. We
then spent the evening sitting outside,
watching the sun going down, with only
the sounds of insects and frogs to disturb
the silence. The next morning, we went
downstairs for breakfast, and to our
surprise, there was a plate of flowers on
the table. They were nasturtiums.
Interviewer: Nasturtiums? Can you just describe them in
case our listeners aren’t sure what they
look like?
Emily: Yes, the flowers are lovely bright colours
and they have large, round leaves. On
the table, though, were just the flowers. We
thought it was some kind of decoration,
but Lilya indicated that we should eat
them. My husband and I thought she was
joking. However, we did try the flowers and
they were delicious. Over the next two
weeks, we had the most amazing food and
herbal teas, almost all of which Lilya had
grown herself.
Interviewer: So, what happened after you left Lilya’s?
Emily: Well, on the plane home, I kept thinking of
different ideas for a new business – selling
natural foods, opening a café … lots of
things. My husband wasn’t at all keen on
trying to set up a business after our
previous experience, but he suggested I try
writing a blog about edible plants. That
seemed more realistic, so that’s what I did.
Fairly soon, I had a huge number of
followers, and I was approached by a
publishing company to write a recipe book.
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Interviewer: Which comes out next week, I believe.
Emily: That’s right. So, at the moment, the
company is trying to publicise the book as
much as possible, and I spend my days
being interviewed on radio and television.
I’m as busy as I was when I was running the
business, and I’m travelling much more. The
good thing, though, is that because of the
book, I am taken to vegetarian and vegan
restaurants, so at least I’m not slipping into
bad eating habits again.
Interviewer: Before we say goodbye, can you tell our
listeners something about your book?
Emily: Of course. As well as recipes, my book
contains photos to make identifying the
different plants easier and information about
which plants you need to be careful with. It’s
important to research any plants before you
eat them because there are poisonous
weeds as well as edible ones.
Interviewer: Thank you, that’s a useful reminder. So,
listeners, to make sure you stay safe and
healthy, buy Garden Gastronomy by Emily
Harding, which comes out next Monday.
listening 5 Page 85 5
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Presenter: Today, we are talking about the history of
cycling, so it’s only natural that we’ve invited
our guest Aggie Simons, who comes from
a country where there are more bicycles than
residents! Of course I’m talking about the
Netherlands. Welcome, Aggie. So, why is
cycling so popular in the Netherlands?
Aggie: Well, cycling has always been popular in the
Netherlands. The land is very flat, so it’s easy
to cycle even if you aren’t in great shape. The
first bike path in the world was built in the
Netherlands in 1885, when the only things
cyclists needed to look out for on the roads
were horses. However, in the 1950s and 60s,
with the increase of cars on the roads, less
space was given to cyclists. Then, in the early
1970s, a campaign started called Stop the
Child Murder. It was initiated by a journalist
whose child had been killed in a road accident.
At the same time, the price of petrol was rising
rapidly, and the government decided to invest
a huge amount of money in more bike paths
and changed the law to give cyclists priority on
roads.
Presenter: Can you give us some figures about the
number of people who cycle?
Aggie: We’re the only country with a total of more
than one bike per person. About 27% of all
journeys in the country are made on bikes
and, obviously, in cities that number is much
greater. I think Amsterdam leads the way with
38% of all journeys made on a bike. There are
about 35,000 kilometres of bike paths
throughout the country, and that is in addition
to road space which is for cyclists’ use.
Presenter: That all sounds very impressive, but the
government isn’t fully satisfied, is that right?
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Aggie:  es. The government thinks that even more
Y Presenter: W hat are the main difficulties of starting
journeys could be made by bike. Over half of
all car journeys are under eight kilometres in
distance. These are the journeys the
government would like to reduce.
Presenter: Apart from the fact that people enjoy the
comfort of travelling by car, especially when
it’s raining, are there any other reasons why
people are reluctant to cycle?
Aggie: Yes, unfortunately, the popularity of cycling
is leading to problems of congestion, not on
the roads but on bike paths. They’re
becoming so crowded that bicycle crashes
are becoming more frequent. This isn’t only
because of overcrowding, though, but also
because more cyclists are becoming
careless. Furthermore, there aren’t enough
safe parking places for bikes.
Presenter: So, is the government addressing some of
these problems?
Aggie: Yes. It’s expanding the bike path network
and building new “superhighways” for bikes
where they’re most needed. These will allow
up to 15 people to cycle side by side. There
are also huge multi-storey bike parks being
built, including one in Utrecht with 12,500
spaces.
Presenter: Do you cycle here in England?
Aggie: I do, but it isn’t as enjoyable as in the
Netherlands. There are often no bike paths,
or there’s just a narrow section for bikes
that’s usually full of holes or parked cars.
Drivers often don’t seem to notice you and
get too close when overtaking cyclists.
Presenter: Well, let’s hope our government takes some
tips from the Dutch. Thank you for coming,
Aggie, and have a safe journey home.
Aggie: Thank you.
listening 6 Page 86 5
06
Presenter: T oday, we are talking about starting
a business, a trend that’s growing among
many workers. There are about six million
businesses in the UK, and those that have
an owner but no employees have the
biggest growth. These are small businesses
which make up 76% of all businesses. So, if
you’re thinking of setting up a business of
your own, you’re not alone, and our guest,
an accountant whose name is Melanie
Jackson, is here to give you some ideas and
advice. Welcome, Melanie.
Melanie: Thank you for having me.
Presenter: I believe you’re going to start off with
a word of caution to our listeners.
Melanie: Yes, I don’t want to discourage people, but
only around 20% of all businesses survive
their first year, and only around half of
these survive their first four years. In some
cases, this might be because their owners
have closed them and moved onto
something else. Perhaps they’ve made
a fortune and no longer have to work.
More likely, though, is that they’ve got into
debt or were earning so little that it was
better to go back into salaried employment.
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a business?
Melanie: Well, according to our research, the biggest
problem is creating a customer base.
Advertising costs a lot of money, and if
there’s a lot of competition, the only way to
successfully enter the market is to offer
an unrealistically low price. However, on
a positive note, if you understand the
potential of social media as a marketing
tool, you’ll have a definite advantage over
many people who don’t know how to take
advantage of social media. Another problem
is the cost of running a business. Although
a lot of small businesses are run from home
without the cost of rent, owners still have to
buy equipment, pay an accountant and set
up a professional-looking website, among
other things.
Presenter: So, now after you’ve pointed out some of
the difficulties of setting up and running
a business, can we hear something
encouraging?
Melanie: Yes. There have been some amazing
successes by people who were able to
identify a gap in the market and exploit it
before any competition appeared. This is the
real challenge – to identify a product or
service that people need but isn’t being
offered.
Presenter: Interesting. So, can you tell us about
someone who has actually started with
almost nothing and become a success?
Melanie: Yes. I’ll tell you about Pierre Omidyar, who
worked as a computer programmer. In
1995, he decided to sell things from his
website, which he called AuctionWeb. The
first item he sold was a broken laser pointer.
He couldn’t believe that someone would buy
something that was broken, so he asked the
buyer why he wanted it. It turned out that
the buyer had a collection of broken laser
pointers. Pierre realised that almost any item
could be of interest to someone in the
world, and all he had to do was find them.
He was soon earning more from his website
than his job.
Presenter: I haven’t actually heard of AuctionWeb. Is it
still active?
Melanie: Yes, but Pierre changed the name of the
company in 1997. It’s now called eBay. Have
you ever heard of it?
Presenter: OK, that’s definitely a success story. Thank
you, Melanie. Please stay with us until after
the news to answer listeners’ questions.
Melanie: I’d be delighted.
listening 7 Page 87 5
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Presenter: G
 etting in shape is important to a lot of us,
but some people are reluctant to join a gym.
Why is this? They may feel intimidated to
expose their lack of physical ability or their
not-so-perfect body in a place where people
aspire to have the perfect body. Our guest
today manages a gym, and he encourages
anyone who wants to join a gym to do so.
Welcome, Jason. It’s good to have you here.

Jason: Thank you. I’m glad to be here.
Presenter: So, what’s your advice to someone who
wants to join a gym but is hesitant?
Jason: Well, I would say to try and hire a personal
trainer, at least for the first few weeks.
Obviously, hiring a trainer is costly.
However, if you don’t know how to do floor
exercises or how to use the machines
correctly, you will, at best, not get much
benefit from doing them, and, at worst,
you could actually do some serious harm to
yourself. In a fitness class, the instructor
demonstrates the various exercises, but in
a large class, they may not be able to see if
you’re doing the exercise correctly.
Presenter: OK, so if you can afford it, hire a personal
trainer. But should people not join a gym if
they can’t hire a personal trainer?
Jason: No, of course not. Even without a trainer,
you can get into shape at the gym. In this
case, though, I would say start slowly. My
motto is “Less is more”. I’ll give an example
of this by talking about press-ups, or, as
some people call them, push-ups. People
whose arms aren’t strong enough tend to
make the mistake of going down on their
stomachs and then lifting themselves up
again. By doing this, they aren’t using their
arm muscles properly, but they may be able
to do ten press-ups. In my opinion, two
press-ups done correctly would be much
more beneficial, and they’d soon find that
their arms are getting stronger.
Presenter: OK, listeners, remember less is more. Can
you give us some other useful tips?
Jason: Yes, certainly. First of all, don’t have
unrealistic expectations. When you see
people in great shape, you have to
remember that they’ve probably spent hours
and hours in the gym. Remain focused on
gradually reducing your body fat,
strengthening your muscles and increasing
your metabolism.
I would also say that it’s important to vary
the exercises you do, both to make going
to the gym more fun and also to strengthen
different muscles each time. You could also
combine going to the gym with activities
such as cycling or swimming, especially if
your knees are giving you problems. Finally,
I often see people on exercise machines
watching TV on one of the screens, and
I think that if they can concentrate on the
programme, they aren’t really working hard
enough. I realise that it can help pass the
time, but if you want to maximise your
workout, ignore the screens. Perhaps try
listening to music instead.
Presenter: Well, thank you very much, Jason. I hope
some of our listeners will be encouraged to
sign up at their local gym after this
interview.
Jason: Thank you.
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08
Presenter: W  elcome to our programme That’s Life.
With us is biologist Simon Clark, who has
some fascinating information about an
unusual creature – the tardigrade. Welcome
to our programme, Simon.
Simon: Thank you.
Presenter: So, what can you tell us about tardigrades?
Simon: Well, they were first discovered in 1773 and
have fascinated scientists since their
discovery. These millimetre-long animals,
also known as water bears and moss
piglets, have got eight legs, a long, plump
body and a head which looks a little like
a baby pig.
Presenter: And why are they interesting?
Simon: Well, they’re as vulnerable as any small
creature when faced with danger or
extreme conditions, but they have an
amazing ability – they can go into a state
called cryptobiosis. Their heart rate, blood
flow, breathing and so on reduce to about
0.01% of normal. They dehydrate and curl
up into a ball and are actually more dead
than alive. They can remain like this for
years. In 2016, scientists revived two of
these creatures that had been in this state
for over 30 years.
Presenter: So, how do they come back to life?
Simon: They just need water. After a few hours,
they are back to normal and carry on as if
nothing had happened. Even more
extraordinary is that scientists have found
that they don’t age while they are in their
dehydrated state. Therefore, if the creatures
are a year old when they go into it, they are
still a year old when they are finally brought
back to normal.
Presenter: That is unbelievable! So, is it true that there
are tardigrades on the moon?
Simon: The simple answer is yes and no.
Tardigrades aren’t native to the moon.
However, in 2019, an Israeli spacecraft,
carrying, among other things, dehydrated
tardigrades, crashed onto the surface of the
moon.
Presenter: Excuse me, but why was it carrying
tardigrades?
Simon: Well, the creatures’ dehydrated state allows
them to survive almost anything. They’ve
been tested and found to be unaffected by
temperatures from -200° to +150°
centigrade. They can survive immense
pressure, far greater than you would
experience at the bottom of the deepest
ocean and a vacuum such as you find in
space. So, taking the tardigrades in their
dehydrated state into space would have
enabled scientists to carry out more
experiments on them. Of course, the idea
was for them to return, not to have an
unanticipated landing on the moon.
Presenter: So, now there may be little tardigrades
running around on the moon?
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Simon:  ell, no. As I said earlier, they need water

W
to revive, and there’s no water on the moon.
So, there may be dehydrated tardigrades
scattered over the moon’s surface, but until
someone finds them and brings them back
to Earth, they’ll remain in that state. At the
moment, no one knows where the spacecraft
crashed.
Presenter: Very interesting. Thank you for coming to
speak to us, Simon.
Simon: Thank you.

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