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Sealing and Seals: Seal-Impressions from the Reign of Hammurabi on Tablets from
Sippar in the British Museum

Author(s): Beatrice Teissier
Source: Iraq , 1998, Vol. 60 (1998), pp. 109-186
Published by: British Institute for the Study of Iraq
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200456
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109
SEALING AND SEALS:

SEAL-IMPRESSIONS FROM THE REIGN OF HAMMURABI ON
TABLETS FROM SIPPAR IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
By BEATRICE TEISSIER
1. Introduction
This article' is a pilot study investigating sealing and seals on the published tablets in the British
Museum that come from Sippar and are dated to the reign of Hammurabi. The limitations of
such a sample are self-evident: the present published corpus consists of carefully selected or
randomly copied or transliterated texts,2 which are only a minute portion of the whole of
Hammurabi period texts,3 and are without archival context (see n. 4). While this approach cannot
hope to give a complete picture of the role of seals in the Sippar of Hammurabi, it has raised
points of interest in scribal and sealing practice and may generate less conventional methods in
the study of Old Babylonian sealing.
The c. 177 texts referred to in this article (see n. 2) range through most of Hammurabi's reign
(1792-1750 BC) and span the majority of text types: lawsuits, inheritances, bequests, nursing and
adoption on contracts, marriages, sales, property exchanges, rentals, leases, loans, receipts and miscel-
lania (e.g. memoranda, hire of person, gift of millstone). By far the most common of these texts
are field leases. For the sake of convenience the tablets discussed below will be referred to as long-
term (e.g. sales, adoptions, estate settlements) or short-term (e.g. leases, receipts). The relevance
of this to sealing will become apparent.
Only a very general provenance for these texts is known4 and nothing of their storage. Those
texts belonging to naditu archives (i.e. deeds in their names, e.g. purchases, leases) would presum-
ably have been kept in the naditus' own houses in the cloister (Area M of Scheil's plan of 1905;
NW of AH), or in relatives' homes, perhaps depending on the size of the house. It is known that
records of real-estate purchases, land holdings, lawsuits and even adoptions were made, normally
regarding naditus' and/or their relatives' and/or neighbours' joint interests (Harris 1963). In whose
possession these were held is not known. Harris has argued that some naditu documents were
kept in a special archive room of the cloister: the kanikat E GA.GI4 (1963: 153-4: BE 6/1 109).
This has been strongly contested by Charpin (1986: 122-3 n. 7). Straightforwardly administrative
texts relating to the cloister, e.g. accounts, lists of piqittu offerings, would presumably have been
1 The British Academy have my thanks for funding this in the British Museum; PBS = Publications of the Babylonian
project and I am greatly indebted to the curators and staff
Section, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania;
of the Western Asiatic Department of the British Museum, TCL = Textes cuneiformes du Louvre; VS = Vorderasiatische
in particular Mr C. B. F. Walker, for making the work
Schriftdenkmaler; YOS = Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian
feasible. I am extremely grateful to Dr S. Dalley for readingTexts. For other abbreviations see p. 123.
and drawing most of the seal inscriptions and to Mr Walker 2The texts used in this work come from the following
for double checking some of them. I also thank both these publications: CT 2, 4, 6, 8, 45, 47, 48, Dekiere 1994, Schorr
scholars for their comments on the final draft of this article:
1913, Waterman 1916, Meissner 1893, Finkelstein 1976,
needless to say all mistakes are my own. This work would Westbrook 1988, Veenhof and Teissier 1994.
have been very arduous for me without generously givenExamples of persons and functions given in the footnotes
transliterations, by Dr G. van Driel in particular, but also below and in the comprehensive name index are taken from
by Professor K. Veenhof. Els Woestenberg's Index ofall these texts, including ones where the envelope is broken
Personal Names from Sippar, Professor M. Stol's catalogue and only the tablet survives, and include persons to whom
of Old Babylonian seal inscriptions and Professor D. no seals could be attributed or who may not have sealed
Charpin's full bibliography on Sippar were also of essential(see 4.2, 5. 1). A comprehensive personal name and function
help. Professor M. Tanret and Dr L. Dekiere of Ghent index based on these texts is available on disc from
University, who have a particular interest in Sippar studies,
B. Teissier or C. B. F. Walker.
were unfailingly supportive and free with information. I 3827 from published BM catalogues (Catalogue of the
regret that there was not more opportunity to exchange Babylonian Tablets 1, 2A, 2B, 8; courtesy C. B. F. Walker).
information with A. Degraeve of Ghent University, who is 4 The batches in which these tablets arrived at the British
preparing a similar study on pre-Hammurabi seals and Museum were mixed and came from the Rassam excava-
sealing. tions at Abu Habba (e.g. AH 82-9-18) or were purchased
Bibliographical abbreviations: BE = Babylonian from dealers in Baghdad or London. The tablets themselves
Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series are A: from the vicinity of Sippar (e.g. Tell ed-Der: 92-7-9, 92-
Cuneiform Texts; CBS =Tablets in the collection of the 5-16) as well as from Sippar itself. Some may even not be
University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, from Sippar. For discussions of these problems see Walker
Philadelphia; CT= Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets and Collon 1980, Reade 1986, Walker 1988, van Driel 1989.
Iraq LX (1998)

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110 BEATRICE TEISSIER
kept in general cloister archives or in the living quarters of the administrators. It is im

stress that tablets moved and accrued at a fast rate. In sales and exchanges, for ex
owner gave up his title deeds but in inheritances or leases each person received his or he
tablet (Charpin 1986, van Lerberghe 1994). This would lead to the problem of storag
rooms could fill up with tablets, as at Tell ed-Der (Budge 1925: 141-2; Sauvage 1995:
the surplus would then be moved somewhere else, although obsolete tablets would also have been
reused. Thus even when an individual's tablets are found in a bona-fide archival context they only
reflect a part of that individual's or his family's transactions (Charpin 1986). In the case of Old
Babylonian Sippar, of course, the reconstruction of archives can only be modern.
This limited study has done little for archival reconstruction save highlight certain already
known individuals (e.g. the family of Aksaja see Harris 1969; and of Sin-Aeme) and naditus (e.g.
Ruttum d Izi-gatar, Eristi-Sama§ d Sln-tajjar, Hussutum d Sin-putram see Harris 1962), associate
others and on this basis occasionally group texts.5 The texts in this study were entered into a
database (File-Maker 3).6 This database is available in the Western Asiatic Students' Room of
the British Museum to anyone interested in furthering Sippar archival work (see Conclusions (8)
for further comments). The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at Ghent
University has a database containing all Old Babylonian Sippar texts.
2.1. Sealing practices

The sealed documents examined here are all envelopes, except BM 78679 (Dekiere 1994: 145,
field lease H3), which is a tablet. Some common principles were broadly adhered to in sealing
practice but divergences, of which there are many, are equally significant (see 2.2, 2.3, 3.1).
In general, envelopes, with the exception of small short-term documents, were sealed on the
obverse left, the left edge, the upper and lower edges, and sometimes the reverse left edge.7 The
standard direction of the seal was at right angles to the text, except on the upper and lower edges,
but occasionally seals are found rolled horizontally or even deployed across the body of the tablet,
perhaps to fill space.8 On some tablets the direction of the seals can be mixed.9 Small short-term
documents could be sealed on the edge(s) only.'0 The space where a seal has been erased can be
left blank.1'
What is immediately apparent when looking at sealed documents is that little care was taken
when applying the seal. Seals were rarely fully deployed (but see 420, a rare example) and merge
with one another, with no particular attention given to where one seal ends and another begins,
sometimes appearing to have been stamped rather than rolled. Inscriptions were generally given
preferential treatment when deploying a seal; in other cases the repetitive iconography of the Old
Babylonian repertoire can make the distinction between seals not immediately apparent. Such
5 For example, in the group of texts where Mannasi me-gama§

d is the same W in the naditu (Ruttum d
Nidnusa buys from the family of Silli-gamas (CT 47.23A, Hammurabi) leases Dekiere 1994: 204, 209, 212, but prob-
ably also in Dekiere 1994: 201 where he occurs with Warassa
34A, Dekiere 1994: 182) or is involved in litigation with his
son (Dekiere 1994: 183), showing the decline of their as in Dekiere 1994: 212.
fortunes, witnesses repeat themselves: sons or son of Ribam- 6I am extremely grateful to H. Baker for her help and
ili (CT 47.23A, 34A, Dekiere 1994: 149, 182, 183), sons of patience when setting up this database and when preparing
;amas-gamil (Dekiere 1994: 149, 182, 183), Ipquta s the indices.
Adajatum (CT 47.34A, Dekiere 1994: 82), Sarrum-Adad 7s Examples of Rev. L sealed: Dekiere 1994: 136 (16842A),
Ili-bani (CT 47.23A, 34A), Erib-Ea s Sin-Eribam (Dekiere CT 47.30A (17045A), Dekiere 1994: 189 (17057A), CT
1994: 182, 183), sons of Ikupisa (Dekiere 1994: 182, 183). 47.23A (17062A), 40 (17063A), 34A (17071A), Dekiere
Other associations between witnesses and "archive" hold- 1994: 183 (82043), 246 (82266), CT 48.52 (82436A).
ers or other witnesses are, for example: the sons of Sin- 8 Examples of horizontally rolled seals: rev. LE: CT
seme (Ws) and Sin-tajjar s Aksaja (B) (Dekiere 1994: 182,47.40A (17063A); LE: Dekiere 1994: 160 (17390); obv. LE:
183) and Erifti-gamar d Sin-tajjar (B) (Dekiere 1994: 181, Dekiere 1994: 254 (79879); on body of tablet: rev.: CT
182); Sama§ s Zurzurija (W) with Ibbi-gamal s Busija47.42A (17064A), Dekiere 1994: 325 (17501), 261 (82088),
(W: Dekiere 1994: 337 and S: Dekiere 1994: 170); Silli- CT 6.44c (82371); obv.: Dekiere 1994: 175 (82377).
gamas s Ahum-waqar (J) occurs in collegium or as a 9For example: CT 47.30A (17045A), Dekiere 1994: 140
witness with other judges (e.g. s/ss of Sin-§eme: Dekiere (82661A), 157 (82249), 179 (82257), 223 (82254), CT
1994: 135, CT 47.22A) but also in sales e.g. CT 47.22A, 8.48A (82427).
Dekiere 1994: 191). o0 For example: Dekiere 1994: 157 (82249), 228 (82139),
Examples of links between texts: Dekiere 1994: 149 (S 205 (82128), 192 (82068), Meissner 1893: 11 (92573A).
with no patronymic) joins the "archive" of gamas-bel-ili s "' For example: Dekiere 1994: 323 (17458A), 254 (79879),
Silli-Samas on the basis of the repetition of persons; Usur- Meissner 1893: 30 (92501).

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SEALING AND SEALS 11
apparently casual sealing had nothing to do with the quality of the seal, but mostly
of the document, number of witnesses and speed of sealing. Sometimes impressions were so
overwritten that the seals are hardly visible (see 2.3).
Witnessed documents, which comprise almost all of these texts,12 were also sometimes sealed
by parties. Sealing by parties depended on the nature of the contract and, for example, the
resulting obligation, pledge or quittance. In litigations, the judges who presided and the parties
might seal, depending on circumstances and the nature of the judgement."3 Parties might also seal
in inheritances, adoptions and nursing contracts.14 In sales the seller usually sealed; in house
exchanges each party probably sealed a separate document.'5 In rentals and leases, which were
usually short-term, the tenant and the lessee normally sealed, sometimes alone without witnesses.16
On other short-term documents (loans, hires), sealing depended on circumstance.17 It is regrettable
that there were so few administrative documents in this sample.18 On a few documents the seals
are hardly visible and appear almost redundant. This point is taken up again in 2.3.
The place and order of sealing by witnesses can be followed approximately in certain documents
(see 4.2), but there appears to be no designated place or order for non-witnesses to seal. In sales,
the seller's seal(s) can be found on the lower or upper edge of the tablet,19 but not necessarily so.
Many more sales documents will need to be examined before it can be demonstrated that this was
more than just scribal practice.
2.2. Annotations or KISIBS

As shown by Blocher, seal annotations became common in Sippar under Sln-muballit (1992).
In the Hammurabi period, annotations, which gave a person's first name not always qualified by
the sign KISIB, were written in a hand smaller than that of the main text (cf. Voet and van
Lerberghe in Teissier 1994a). They are usually written directly on or alongside the seal they identify
and at right angles to it.20 The purpose of annotations was to identify the sealer or owner of the
seal, but their usage was not mandatory nor without loop-holes. For example, an annotation can
appear on a seal already identified by an inscription,21 or annotations do not appear on documents
that would warrant a clearly identified seal.22 Here it should be pointed out that uninscribed seals
belonging to important people may have been recognised without annotations. Annotations that
12 Exceptions are: CT 45.27 (78301), a list of animals and 18The loan CT 6.44C (82371) is sealed by one person
slaves; Waterman 1916: 51 (80477), a real-estate memor- (pihat PN) who is responsible for the three borrowers. The
andum. function of the owner/users sealing the list of animals and
13Examples of judges sealing: Silli-;ama§ s Ahu-waqarslaves CT 45.47 (78301) (45) and the real-estate memor-
J in CT 47.24A (16844A), also seals as W in Dekiere 1994: andum Waterman 1916: 51 (80477) (42) are unknown.
135 (80098); Bur-Sin s Sililum J in CT 48.3 (80144), 8 Both sealers are servants of kings.
(82434A); unidentified judges also seal on CT 6.47B 9 For example: LoE: CT 47.25A (16841), Dekiere 1994:
(82430), CT 48.8 (82434A). Parties seal in: CT 6.47B 158 (16853), CT 47.39A (17069A), 34A (17071A), Dekiere
(82430): party pledges not to raise a claim; CT 48.3 (80144):
1994: 206 (92595A); UE: CT 47.27 (17056A), Dekiere 1994:
party and his father seal pledging not to raise a claim. 301 (17440A), 181 (92584A). But also on obv. L: Dekiere
4 For example: in the inheritance, division of property 1994: 189 (17057A); rev. L: Dekiere 1994: 182 (17438A);
Dekiere 1994: 226 (17098A), two brothers (;ama§-bani LE:and
Dekiere 1994: 170 (17441A).
Sin-eribam ss of Ipiq-Adad) seal to indicate that they 20are
For example: at right angles to seal: CT 45.20 (78280),
satisfied with their share; in the nursing contract 97108A,CT 47.22A (16815A), 23A (17062A), 25 (16841), 27A
the father of the Silip remim-child seals that he has received
(17056A), 37A (17093A), Dekiere 1994: 316 (16842A), 183
payment and is satisfied. There are no clear examples(82043),from 181 (92584). Horizontally with seal: CT 48.70
this sample of sealing by parties in bequests and adoptions.
(82393). At the edge of the seal: Dekiere 1994: 170
15 Examples of seller sealing in sales: CT 47.29A (17441A), 137 (17436A), 227 (79759), 283 (82097), 264
(16824A), 25A (16841A), Dekiere 1994: 158 (16853), 159 (82250), 140 (92661A), CT 2.42 (92638A), CT 48.52
(17295), CT 47.39A (17069A), 34 (17016), Dekiere 1994: (82436A).
182 (17438), 301 (17440A), 170 (17441A). A party seals in 21 For example: Dekiere 1994: 181 (92584A) inscription
the exchange CT 47.50A (17072). and annotation of W3.
16Examples of tenant in rentals sealing with others: 22For example: CT 6.47B (82431), a lawsuit where
Dekiere 1994: 281 (78734), 292 (80892), 340 (92591); tenant important people seal with good seals and no annotations;
sealing alone: Dekiere 1994: 282 (72074), 225 (82129). CT 47.23A (17062A), a sale where most but not all seals
Leases: lessee seals: Dekiere 1994: 212 (17469), 244 have annotations; Dekiere 1994: 170, where an inscribed
(174608), 227 (79759). seal is on the obv. L top but the person named in the
17 For example: the debtor seals in the loan Schorr 1913:
inscription does not occur in the text, nor is there an
108 (91-5-9 2337); in the hire of person CT 48.94 (81707)
annotation on the seal.
there is one seal and one W (deity). On the basis of VS
9.59 it is probably the hired person who seals.

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bear no relation to any person named on the text also occur (cf. van Lerberghe and Voet 1991:
163, note 1, post-Hammurabi).23 This might indicate, among other possibilities, an extra witness
or a replacement at the time ofor seals to a seal. Because
patronymics are not given in annotations the identification of th
On the basis of the documents in this sample, annotations were
reign. Their use was not confined to a particular type of document nor was it defined by the
sealers themselves. As a general rule, a seal that was not borrowed but inscribed with the sealer's
name, was less likely to be annotated. Otherwise the seal of any witness, including first and usually
more important witnesses in long-term contracts, could be qualified with an annotation.24 Thus
the use of annotations was not confined to persons of middle to low social status nor was it
reserved for seals of lesser quality.
2.3. Overwriting
On the basis of this sample of texts the overwriting of seals and even their inscriptions, either
on the edges or on the body of the tablet,25 occurs on all types of texts throughout the Hammurabi
period. The size of a tablet sometimes seems to have necessitated it.26 As mentioned above, the
practice of overwriting sometimes obscured seals completely, even on important long-term docu-
ments (see n. 25). Regrettably, in the context of this study it is impossible to assess whether such
overwritten documents may have belonged to a different category of text, such as a type of copy,
where the visibility of seals was secondary, or whether it was merely the result of individual scribal
practice (3.1).
2.4. Hems (sissiktu) and nails (supru)

The use of hems and nails is attested, but judging from this sample, neither was very common
practice.27 In Sippar texts there ae are no special formulae relating to hem or nail sealing: sissiktu
may be qualified with an annotation,28 but nails are not in this sample, although they are
elsewhere.29
2.5. Developments
The number of whole envelopes and identified owner/users from this sample of texts does not
allow for an accurate assessment of developing trends in sealing practice during the Hammurabi
period. Details such as the degree of accuracy or conscientiousness when sealing (e.g. proportion
of sealers to witnesses, use of annotations), were due to circumstance combined, it is argued here,
with individual scribal practice and thus subject to fluctuation. Nevertheless the single most
significant change in both seals and sealing from the reign of Sumulael (Blocher 1992: 144)
through the Hammurabi period was the increasing importance attached to inscribed seals. The
impact of this on iconography is returned to in 6.1. This emphasis on inscriptions is also reflected
by an increase in the number of scribes at this period and in written documents and their continuity
(Charpin 1982).
3.1. Scribes
Over thirty scribes, qualified as DUB.SAR or MI.DUB.SAR, occur in the texts examined here
PN Index in the database). Five are women. As not all scribes were necessarily qualified by t
23 For example: Dekiere 1994:226 (17098A), 264 (82250), 26 For example Dekiere 1994: 171 (17504), a very sm
305 (82137). On Dekiere 1994: 164 (17047A) an annotation tablet, 4.0 x 7.0 cm (lease).
refers to the owner of the seal, not to the person who seals, 27 Hems: CT 6.47B, lawsuit (82431): LoE; CT 33.48B,
who is the brother (see e.g. seals 316, 342, 361, 381). rental (81017): rev. LE. Nails: Dekiere 1994: 251, lease
24 Examples of Wl with annotations in long-term docu- (82260): lower RE; Dekiere 1994: 283, lease (82097):
ments: Dekiere 1994: 164 (17047A), 182 (17438A), 137 lower RE.
(17436A), 328 (78756). 28 CT 6.47B (82431), hem impression with annotation
25Over the whole tablet: e.g. sale CT 8.22C (80241), (421).
rental Dekiere 1994: 292 (80892), hire CT 48.115 (82212); 29 VS 7.92, 104-5, 122: nail impressions with annotations
partially overwritten: leases Dekiere 1994: 145 (78679), 175 (Ammisaduqa).
(82377), 193 (82123), 271 (74421A), 155 (82085), loan CT
6.44C (82371), bequest Dekiere 1994: 317 (16913), sale
Meissner 1893: 30 (92501A).

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title, and as names repeat themselves but sometimes without a patronymic, it is pr

many more were involved in writing these documents. Evidence from the database at Gh
c. 70 scribes qualified as such for the Hammurabi period alone at Sippar (courtesy
Harris has written on different types of scribes at Sippar (Harris 1975). Here I sha
on scribal practices and how they relate to tablets and sealing.
Mentioned above were a number of variations and discrepancies in sealing envelopes: (i)
ting seals, (ii) attention to order of sealing, (iii) placing and direction of seals, an
in use and position of annotations. These can now be placed in the context of other d
scribal characteristics on the tablet: (i) handwriting, (ii) variant spellings or abbrevi
same personal names, (iii) use of different formulae or phrases in contracts, (iv) th
KI§IB before an annotation,30 (v) use of different calendar,3' (vi) ruled lines on table
(vii) the use of the word DUB on the left upper obverse of envelopes,33 and (viii) a
for the scribe him/herself(?).
Such variation would have been the result of the age, provenance and training
Virtually nothing is known of the latter at Sippar during the Old Babylonian perio
referred to scribes of the temple, the cloister, the army, the military and the jud
1975). How their roles merged with that of other scribes at Sippar is unknown. G
focal position in trade and communications it is very likely that Sippar scribes w
exposed to foreign scribes from within Hammurabi's small empire and beyond, but
these may have also settled in Sippar. The presence of Old Assyrian (Walker 1980
scribes (van Lerberghe 1986) at Sippar is attested. The study of scribes' personal
probably yield further results (cf. Harris 1975: 288). The increase in bureaucracy s
the Hammurabi period would also have intensified local scribal training.
4.1. Witnesses
It was customary for long-term documents (e.g. sales, inheritances, adoptions) to have long
of witnesses. Their numbers were inconsistent, although in such documents they do not us
fall below five; the longest witness list in this sample is nineteen, on a sale (Dekiere 1994: 1
envelope broken). The correlation between the number and order of witnesses on tablets an
envelopes is also very uneven. The length of these witness lists can be partly explained by
potential need for a witness to testify in disputes at a later date. Thus the discrepancy in wi
lists between the tablet and envelope of the same document may not always be due to circumstan
(e.g. lapse of time between drawing up text and envelope) or to the fact that lack of space o
envelope limited the number of seals. Discrepancies may also have arisen as a result of th
introduction of an extra witness. If a witness could not be produced a new oath would ha
be taken (Charpin 1982: 71) and presumably a new document would have to be drawn up. Cha
has emphasised the longevity of such documents, which of course would eventually outlast
living witness (1982: 68-9). It is important to point out at this stage, on the basis of the evid
mentioned above and in 5.1, that a seal on its own did not necessarily prove the presence
witness and that the presence of the actual witness in contestations took precedence over the
unless perhaps the seal was that of a very high ranking official.34 An Old Babylonian businessman
specifically mentions his witnesses to a slave purchase by name in a letter (van Soldt 1994: N
30For example, annotations qualified by the KISIB sign: (17063A) dowry, 29A (16824A) sale, Dekiere 1994
Dekiere 1994: 155 (82085), 257 (78766), 283 (82097); not (17445A) sale, 132 (17352A) inheritance, 137 (673
qualified by the KISIB sign: Dekiere 1994: 181 (92584A), inheritance; field leases: 155 (82085), 157 (82249
182 (17438A), 183 (82043); for further examples see the (17390), 175 (82377), 192 (82068), 198 (79984). Th
illustration notes. Note also the qualification sa PN on the sample of texts shows the occurrence of DUB both o
sissiktu impression 421. and short-term documents and on documents where the
3 Greengus 1987, Cohen 1993. Cohen, however, notes title deeds were given up (e.g. sales)
that two different calendars can be used on the same tablet difficult to infer any explanation fo
at Sippar (1993: 269). than scribal habit.
32For example: Dekiere 1994: 135 (80098); or below 34Cf. PBS 7.9
witnesses: CT 8.22C (80305), Dekiere 1994: 223 (82254), katkunu ba
333 (80667); above witnesses: Waterman 1916: 12 (82273), impression o
CT 6.44A (82269). sions are contested, whose seal impression will be accepted
3 Examples of DUB on the obv. upper L: CT 47.40A (without contest)?" (CAD K 546b kunukku

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97552). Short-term documents (e.g. leases, loans, rentals) had significantly shorter
usually below five, sometimes listing one person only.35 Women, as well as men, w
in all types of documents but on the basis of this sample, less frequently than men.36
4.2. Who sealed

A comparison between the status of people given in witness lists and the placing of their
identified seals on the upper obverse left or upper edge of the envelope shows that in long-te
documents persons of high status sealed first, but not necessarily in strict order (see 4.2.1, 7.2.1 ).3
In short-term documents the witness lists were far less likely to contain people of status and
positioning varied.38
A combination of custom and circumstance must have determined the choice of witnesses:
location (e.g. cloister) and status of archive holder (e.g. naditu, other); nature of transaction and
its bearing upon family and neighbours; professional associations, proximity of friends etc.39 The
evidence shows tightly knit groups of people occurring repeatedly with the same archive holders
(see n. 5) and it is likely that witnesses were chosen by both parties to a transaction. What is
unknown is to what extent these witnesses could be considered as professional witnesses and
whether they might even have been paid for their services in certain cases. As to why certain
witnesses sealed and others did not, this was perhaps not so much random as again a question of
custom and common sense. For example, in important long-term documents, seniority of status,
relation to parties and perhaps varying age would all have played a part. In short-term documents
the choice of witnesses appears to have been more flexible but knowing your witness was still
essential (nn. 5 and 39).
4.2.1. Witnesses of status

In naditu contracts the SANGA dUTU (the priest of Samas) frequently heads the witness list,
sometimes in a pair.40 The power of the SANGA (S) of Samas in cloister and naditu affairs still needs
to be investigated: they appear as first witnesses in sales, adoptions, bequests, inheritances etc.
(see also 5.4). It is important to note, however, that the SANGA of Samas could be superseded as
a witness in contracts where the naditu(s) are very important.4' The priest(s) of Samas could be
followed by UGULA LUKUR dUTU (the overseer of the naditus of Samas), although their position
35For example: Dekiere 1994: 311 (82157); 173 (82183). (17460A) one seal of W2 on obv. L top, bot., LE. See
36 Examples of women witnesses in leases: Dekiere 1994:identified seals in illustrations for other examples of seal
278 (60882), 247 (82267), 236 (17464A); bequest CT 47.42A positions. Seals of lessees: obv. L: e.g. Dekiere 1994: 212
(17064A); marriage CT 48.52 (82436A) where women (17469A), 283 (82097), 295 (82230), 157 (82249); LoE:
witness in a group; inheritance Dekiere 1994: 132 (17352A);Dekiere 1994: 223 (82254), 244 (17460A).
dowry CT 47.40A (17063A). 39Examples of family witnesses: W brother of tenant,
37 Examples of first seals belonging to high status figuresDekiere 1994: 174 (82262); W brother of buyer, CT 47.23A
on long-term documents: on upper obv. L: CT 47.24A (17062A), 34A (17071A); W sister of buyer and seller,
(16844A) seal I =J1, followed by seal 2 of J2; Dekiere 1994: Dekiere 1994: 152 (82417); W brother of seller, Dekiere
257 (78766): Wl rabidnum; W2 UE; Dekiere 1994: 137 1994: 181 (92584A); W daughter of tenant, Dekiere 1994:
(17336A) WI J; Dekiere 1994: 290 (17086A) Wl/Si is 186 (82102). See also n. 5 for the numbers of brothers
UGULA LUKUR dUTU in CT 2.41; Dekiere 1994:191 (17445A) occurring together as witnesses. Examples of neighbours as
Wl/SI is J in CT 47.31A; Dekiere 1994: 183 (82043) W1/SI witnesses (cf. Harris 1975): Dekiere 1994: 181 (92584A),
is J in CT 8.43A. On UE: Dekiere 1994: 132 (17352A) 301 (17440); W son of neighbour: Dekiere 1994: 238
Wl/SI is SANGA dUTU. But see: CT 47.30A (17045A) (92650A).
Seal 1=naditu recipient of bequest, pledgee; seal 2=W5,40Examples of priests of ;amas heading a witness list:
seal 3=W6, seal 4=W10; seal 6=WlI; BM 97108: WI singly: adoption CT 8.48 (82427); sale CT 47.44A (16829A);
seals on LoE L; Dekiere 1994: 189 (17057A) seal sharedin bypairs: adoption Dekiere 1994: 180 (82441); bequest CT
WI and W4, rev. L upper. See identified seals in illustrations47.42A (17064A); sales Dekiere 1994: 238 (92650A), 158
for other examples of seal positions. (16853), 200 (82469); but also W4 in inheritance/bequest
38 For example: rental Dekiere 1994: 264 (82250)CT Wl47.47 (16821A). See also, for example, SANGA dSin W2
seals on obv. L; LE bot.; cultivation contract CT 48.114 in settlement of estate, CT 48.21 (80128); SANGA dlkunum
(82062): WI seals on obv. L bot., LE bot.; lease Dekiere W6 in sale Dekiere 1994: 189 (17057A).
1994: 223 (82254) Wl seals on obv. L, LE upper; loan 4' For example, in CT 47.47A (16821A), an inheritance/
CT 4.12B (82232) WI seals on UE; lease Dekiere 1994: 204 bequest (Ha 43), princess Iltani d Sin-muballit and Amat-
(17448A) WI seals on obv. L bot.; lease Dekiere 1994: 244Samas d Sumu-Adad seal first.

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varied in witness lists.42 Other first witnesses in naditu contracts can be varied.43 Peo
were not always qualified as such in witness lists but can sometimes be identifi
patronymics.44 Again, a first witness in a long-term document may have no appa
may be related to a person of status.45 It is important to note also that not all per
had inscribed seals (e.g. 161, 246 (scribes), 220, 240, 243, 245 (judges, see 7.2.1 fo
Witnesses of lesser status and administrative personnel, such as the i.DU8 (door-ke
varied positions lower down the list.46 The position of judges varies depending on
or their status in the collegia.47 Scribes, when qualified as such in texts, occur towards
at the end of the witness list (but see also n. 43),48 and this is normally understoo
that they had written the tablet.
4.2.2. Gods as witnesses

Gods singly (Aja, Samas, Mamu, Bunene, Marduk, Annunitum, Adad) or in pairs (Aja and
Samas, Mamu and Bunene) occur as witnesses in leases, rentals, and in a couple of loans and one
hire.49 They are commonly first witnesses and in some cases all the witnesses are gods.50
The sealing on these small, short-term documents is very variable: the seals are only faintly
impressed or are obscured by overwriting, and sometimes there is only one seal but several
witnesses and rare use of annotations.5' There is the occasional use of finger-nail impressions.52
This makes the identification of the sealers difficult although where the numbers of witnesses/
parties and seals do correspond,53 it can be shown that the "god(s)" probably did seal. Regrettably
no seals can be attributed to the "gods" from this sample of texts. Yet the seals that may have
been used by the "gods" are not the same, showing that no special seals were used for the purpose;
rather it seems that common seals were used, even perhaps finger-nail impressions. It can also be
shown that in a number of cases the "god" or "gods" did not seal (see n. 51). Thus sealing by
gods was not deemed to be more important than sealing by other witnesses: mentioning a god or
gods in the witness list appears routine and apparently was not a special guarantee.
The presence of gods as witnesses implies a connection with the temple but the nature of the
connection is unknown. So far no common denominator for these documents has been discovered
42 For example: Wl in litigation Dekiere 1994: 290 144 (81170), 271 (74421), 287 (82340), 305 (82137), 278
(17086A), W2 in sale CT 47.44A (16829A), W3 in sale CT(60882), 283 (82097), 295 (82230), 312 (81051); rentals:
8.35 (92644A), W6 in sale Dekiere 1994: 238 (92650A), CT 8.40B (80659), Dekiere 1994: 292 (80892), 340
W2 in inheritance CT 48.8 (82434A), W3 in bequest/(92591A), 286 (82286); loans: CT 47.37A (17093A), 35
maintenance Dekiere 1994: 180 (82441). (17194); hire of person: CT 48.94 (81707).
43 For example a rabianum in inheritance Dekiere 1994: 50All witnesses gods: Dekiere 1994: 284 (82121), 144
257 (78766) and nursing contract CT 48.70T (82393A); an (81170), 271 (74421), 292 (80892), 296 (82294), CT 48.94
UGULA E in sale Dekiere 1994: 341 (92638A). A scribe, but(81707).
not qualified as such, occurs as first witness in CT 47.40A 51 For example: one seal, one god(s) witness in the rental
(17063A) (37). CT 48.94 (81707): sealer is probably tenant and not god(s);
44 For example: WI (Nur-Sumuqan s llsu-nasir) in salesone seal, three witnesses in lease Dekiere 1994: 284 (82121),
CT47.22A (16815A) and 27A (17056A) is a judge (DI.KUD) sealer is tenant; one seal, six witnesses, sealer is probably
in 31A; Wl (Sin-eribam s Ikun-pisa) in litigation Dekieretenant; two seals, one very overwritten, 3-5 witnesses in the
1994: 183 (82043) is DI.KUD in CT 47.31A; WI (Qig-Nunu lease Dekiere 1994: 278 (60882); two seals, five witnesses in
s Sin-seme) in sale Dekiere 1994: 191 (17445A) is DI.KUD lease Dekiere 1994: 287 (82340). Where there is one seal,
in CT 47.31A; WI (Tarib-ilim s Ina-qati-Samas) in exchange in leases for example, it may be assumed that the god(s)
Dekiere 1994: 316 (16842A) and litigation Dekiere 1994: did not seal. There are also other instances, for example: in
149 (17434A) is scribe in CT 8.12A. the lease Dekiere 1994: 142 (81505) there are two seals and
45 For example: in the sale Dekiere 1994: 182 (17438A) two witnesses: W2 and the lessee sealed; in the barley loan
WI (Munawwirum s lkun-pisa) is the brother of the judge CT 47.35 (17194A) there are two seals: one is of W2, the
Sin-eribam s Ikun-pisa (CT 47.31A). other probably belongs to the debtor.
46For example: i.DU8 W3 in lease Dekiere 1994: 228 s2 In the lease Dekiere 1994: 283 (82097) there are three
(82139), W7 in inheritance Dekiere 1994: 132 (17352A), seals and one nail impression: this corresponds to sealing
W9 in sale Dekiere 1994: 238 (92650A). by three witnesses and the lessee.
47 Judges in collegia: CT 47.31A (17046), 24A (16844), 5See n. 49; also in the rental Dekiere 1994: 292 (80892)
CT 6.47B (82430/31A), Wl-3 Dekiere 1994: 183 (82043). there are two witnesses and three seals: this corresponds to
48 Examples of qualified scribes as last witnesses: Dekiere sealing by the former and the tenant; in the lease Dekiere
1994: 316 (16842A), 187 (82242), 246 (82266), 181 1994: 295 (82230) there are two witnesses and three
(92584A), 158 (16853), 268 (17325), 238 (92650A). seals: this corresponds to sealing by the former and by the
49Leases: e.g. Dekiere 1994: 309 (17470A), 284 (82121),
tenant.

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except that the lessors of fields, etc., are often naditus.4 On the basis of this sample the naditus
in question were not the wealthiest, but this cannot be taken as evidence of a definite link between
lesser status and the use of gods as witnesses. The same naditus appear with and without gods as
witnesses.55 Men and married women, perhaps somehow connected to temple or cloister, also
feature as lessors in these documents.56 The question of gods as witnesses has been partly addressed
by Veenhof (1995: 135-6). To his broad suggestions as to why gods should appear as witnesses
(close association of naditus or people acting on their behalf to the temple of Samas, or special
relationship of the owner of the field to the temple, or the status of the field), I should like to
add that a "god" appearing as a witness may have represented a temple obligation of some sort:
for some reason individuals (persons under obligation or somehow in the service of the temple)
had to avail themselves of gods as witnesses. Judging by the sealing this link seems to have been,
as mentioned above, routine.
5.1. Ownership
Many seals on these envelopes remain without attribution. This is due to several factors: (i) there
is no clause in Old Babylonian Sippar texts qualifying the people who seal, (ii) there is frequently
a discrepancy between the numbers of seals on an envelope (when it is not broken) and the
witnesses listed on the envelope, suggesting that all witnesses did not always seal, (iii) inscriptions
and annotations were not ubiquitous and not necessarily an indication of actual ownership, and
(iv) the borrowing of seals was fairly common. In addition, confirming the owner/user of a seal
by matching the same seal with the same personal name on two separate documents is not always
possible: the same person can occur on two or more tablets but the seals cannot be matched.57
This could mean that the person did not seal, borrowed a seal or owned two seals but the scribe
did not use an annotation. Again, two different seals can be annotated to the same person.58 In
this case it is impossible to know which seal he owned and which he borrowed, or whether he
owned or borrowed both.
Such irregularities in the method of sealing, compounded by the manner of applying the seal,
which was often cursory, indicate that the only sure way of attributing a seal in Old Babylonian
Sippar was for its owner/user to identify it personally, unless it was the seal of a person of high
status (see 4.2.1 and n. 34). Given the apparent importance attached to a "seal with one's name
on it" during the Old Babylonian period,59 and that not identifying one's seal when challenged in
court carried a penalty (Charpin 1982: 70), witnesses and parties must have been expected to
come forward without question when summoned, with their seal or with explanations about
borrowing. So far there is no evidence to what extent a borrowed seal might have implicated its
actual owner. The penalties for the misuse of a seal must have been known to all and to some
extent this must have acted as a control against fraud.
5.2. Borrowing and sharing

There is evidence from texts of all kinds that seals were borrowed. Seals were lent and bequeathed
by family members and lent by colleagues, friends and other witnesses.60 For persons of high
54Belessunu d Kazatum, Dekiere 1994: 309 (17470A); 47.35A (17194), Lipit-Igtar (no patronymic) Dekiere 1994:
Eli-eressa d Akiatum, Dekiere 1994: 284 (82121); Unubtum 340 (92591A).
d Iddin-in, Dekiere 1994: 144 (81170); sat-Aja and Geme- 57 For example: Ibbi-Gamas s Busija in Dekiere 1994: 337
Aja ds Nur-ili§u, Dekiere 1994: 271 (74421A); Eristi-Aja d (84402), 170 (17441A), 341 (92638A); Nabi-gamar s Zakaia
Nabi-ilisu, CT 8.40B (80659); NiAi-iniAu d Sin-magir, CT in CT 47.27A (17056A), CT 45.20 (78280); Erib-Ea s Sin-
47.37A (17093A); Ruttum d Izi-gatar, Dekiere 1994: 274 eribam CT 47.34A (17071A), Dekiere 1994: 182 (17438A),
(82391) and 312 (81051); Huzalatum d Sumurah, Dekiere 183 (82043).
1994: 283 (82097) and 295 (82230). 58 For example: Ubar-gamal s Nemelum in Dekiere 1994:
"For example: Eri§ti-Aja d Nabi-ilisu with gods: CT 140 (92661A) and CT 47.34A (17071A).
8.40B (80659), without gods: Dekiere 1994: 336 (82338); 9Cf. CAD K s.v. kunukku, VS 16.155: 6, Or NS 37 217:
Ruttum d Izi-gatar with gods: Dekiere 1994: 274 (82391), 3 and see n. 34.
312 (81051), without gods: 302 (17476A), 306 (82270); 60For example: 1 (W2 uses father's seal), 4 (WI uses
Huzalatum d Sumurab with gods: Dekiere 1994: 283 father's seal), 6 (WI or 2 uses father's seal), 27 (sister of
(82097), 295 (82230), without gods: 179 (82257), 193 landlord lends to lessee or W), 34 (father of lessee lends to
(82123). W). See also n. 62 and illustration entries for other
56Mubadditum w Sin-magir, Dekiere 1994: 292 (80892); examples
Nisi-ini§u d garrum-Adad (MI.UGULA LUKUR dUTU) CT

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status (e.g. SANGA priests), the use, for example, of the father's seal may also
asserting a family tradition61 as well as of having the prestige of eventually owni
inscribed seal belonging to a high status person appears to have been shared o
this sample, whereas there is evidence of this with other seals.62
5.3. Multiple seal ownership

Although some people owned two seals, for example Qil-nunu s Sin-seme (
s Samas-ilum (64A-B) and Elali s Ea-bani (82A-B), possession of more than
necessarily ubiquitous for people of status. As shown by Blocher (1992: 142)
such seals were not necessarily confined to inscriptions (64A-B, 82A-B) but
iconography (220, 245). There are not enough examples from this sample to s
seals were ever used contemporaneously. Annum-pl-Aja s Warad-Sln, for exam
in Hammurabi year 11 (56) and his father's in year 30 (59).
The multiple ownership, as opposed to use, of uninscribed seals by one
demonstrated, at least on the basis of this sample. Different uninscribed seal
same person (e.g. 223 and 309, 188 and 250, 212 and 258), but sometimes the
by several people (e.g. 212, and see 5.1, 5.5). There is no reason to assume th
or did not own more than one uninscribed seal, or one uninscribed seal and on
5.4. Recycled seals

Seals were sold on (see Harris 1975: 358, re BM 78356 Amd 36) and the owne
once known, can become lost (e.g. 9, also Blocher 1992: No. 114, once of the
ili§u). Examples of "migrating" seals in this sample are 49 and 81 from Isin, a
a royal scribe Nidin-Istar, servant of Gimil-Sin.63
5.5. Naditu seals

As expected from these texts nadltus occur in all functions: in sales as buyers and sellers, a
landlords, creditors, lessors, parties in litigations and inheritance texts, as adoptive mothers,
heiresses and as witnesses. Their role in sealing needs some elaboration as it seems to have bee
variable. Both inscribed seals (e.g. 23, 24, 26, 28, 113; cf. also Blocher 1992: Nos. 78, 87, 182, 2
263, 278) and uninscribed seals (e.g. 374) were owned or used by naditus. If their status was hig
enough they could seal before the SANGA of Sama§ (e.g. 31, the seal of Iltani, see also n. 65) i
long-term documents. Yet in some important documents where they would be expected to se
(e.g. as sellers in sales) no seals can be attributed to naditus on the basis of an inscription or a
annotation.64 This may mean that a naditu's own seal was not qualified as such or that
borrowed a seal and that it was not annotated. Alternatively, if a naditu did not have a seal, might
it have been possible for her and indirectly her family to be represented by the seal of a hig
ranking official (e.g. a SANGA or UGULA LUKUR of Sama§; see n. 64)? Such sealing by a representat
ive would have implications for the "independent" status of certain naditus and cannot be prov
at the moment. As Harris pointed out (1975), there is little evidence for the extent of tem
authority over the cloister or in cloister administration.
61 Harris 1975: 157 n. 14 notes that the SANGA Annum- 63The users of seals 49-54 are the actual owners. T
pi-Aja (s Warad-Sin) uses his father's seal even after having user of 81 is unattributed.
been in office for many years (see seals 56, 59). 6 For example in the sales Dekiere 1994: 238 (92650A
62Examples of shared seals: 157 (WlO, W13), 213 (Seller, CT 47.32 (16835) and 44 (16829), although the last tw
W4, W9), 241 (W2, W8), 258 (W9 lends to seller), 321 have partially broken envelopes. In Dekiere 1994: 238 a
(Ws 1, 2, 7, 8, 11), 354 (W2, W3), 287 (brothers share), seals are attributed, meaning that either the seller na
113 (naditu uses her father's seal), 187 (W4 uses brother's did not seal (sellers usually sealed) or someone sealed
seal), 390 (W4 lends to neighbour). her behalf.

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5.6. Seals with divine names and invocations

Gods' seals, that is, seals with a divine name and parentage and sometimes attributes (11-20),
are used in long and short-term contracts.65 Owners and users seem to be of high and ordinary
status. It is impossible to tell from this sample whether such seals were personal seals representing
personal or family deities or seals associated with temples.
6.1. Inscriptions
It is outside my scope to comment on the nature of the seal inscriptions, except to draw attention
to seals where the owner is described the servant of a king, particularly 49-54, which name kings
not of Babylon or Sippar.
The increase in seal inscriptions from the reign of Sumulael through to the Hammurabi period
has already been mentioned. Was there an intentional legal dimension to the gradual exclusion of
image in favour of inscription or was it merely more practical and less cumbersome than sealing
and sometimes adding an annotation? The latter reason probably led to the former, but there
does not appear to be an improving correlation between inscribed seals and actual owners sealing
or a corresponding decrease in the use of annotations. The effect of new workshops with new
tools and new stones, which had a substantial impact upon style, may also have inadvertently
promoted the inscription-carving industry, as much as the growth in inscriptions adversely affected
iconography (see 7.2.1.). In the future it would be rewarding to examine and compare, under
laboratory conditions, the differences in technique and quality between inscription and image
carving on the same seals of the mid-to-late Old Babylonian period. The study of inscription
"workshops", which would include idiosyncratic or punning spelling, use of signs and carvers'
mistakes (e.g. 70, 80), is another potentially fruitful branch of seal studies that has been bypassed.
7.1. The seals

Much work has been done on Sippar workshops and Old Babylonian iconography in general
(Gailani-Werr 1988, Collon 1986, Blocher 1992, Braun-Holzinger 1996) and this ground need not
be covered again. Here I confine myself briefly to four topics (i) seals and status, (ii) noteworthy
seals, (iii) non-workshop, unconventional and foreign seals, and (iv) the perception of Sippar seals.
7.2. Seals and status

Any study attempting to match iconography and status at Sippar is seriously impeded by the
incomplete state of many impressions and the repetitive nature of much of Old Babylonian
iconography. The link between inscribed seal and status is easier to establish, even though not all
persons of status necessarily owned inscribed seals (see 4.2.1). The presence of inscription registers
on a seal did, however, limit its iconography: fewer figures could be accommodated in the field
and these could be limited to two or three. To this constraint might be added the one of office
and tradition. People of status in hereditary positions (e.g. SANGA priests), who could use their
father's seal, might be influenced by the range of such seals' iconography and also that of others
in the same position. Thus there appears to be little variation within the traditional canon of Old
Babylonian iconography among the inscribed seals of SANGA priests and other temple officials
(e.g. 32-9). Further work will have to be done in this area when more complete seals of officials
and naditus are known. At present however, there appears to be a clear contrast between such
seals and the seals of judges (80, 220 and 245, 240, 2443), merchants (3-10, Teissier 1994a: 439)
and even scribes (21, 22). The seals of judges are interestingly varied: some have an inscription
(80 and Blocher 1992: No. 120, neither with the judge's official title), while others do not (e.g.
65Gods' seals are used by a W in the lease Dekiere 1994: inheritance/bequest CT 47.47A (16821A) (19) may have
244 (17460) (16), by a W or the hired person in the hire been owned/used by W2, the naditu Warad-Sama§ d gumu-
CT 48.115 (82212A) (20), by the tenant in the rental CT Adad: the seal is on the obv. L immediately after the seal
6.44A (82269) (12); by the lessee in the lease Dekiere 1994: of the first sealer, Iltani. The owner/users of the gods' seals
249 (82063) (11), and by either a W or the tenant in the on the house exchange CT 47.50A (17072A) (15), the
rental Meissner 1893: 64 (78561) (17) and the rental Dekiere litigation CT 48.15 (82064A) (14) and the dowry CT 47.40A
1994: 264 (82250) (13). The seal with the invocation in the (17063A) (18) are unattributed.

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220, 245, 240, 243). Such seals fully support Harris's contention that judgeship was
rather than an office (Harris 1975: 118).
7.3. Noteworthy seals

Of the seals in the classic Sippar style, Seals 80, 220, 243 and 356 are of excellent quality. Other
seals that need special mention are 387, which appears to be a recut Early Dynastic seal (cf.
Blocher 1992: Abb. 79) and 229, which may be a recut Ur III seal. The Weather God on a bull
with various attendants is found in Old Babylonian iconography (cf. Collon 1986: Nos. 446-61;
Gailani-Werr 1988: Pls. 8: 3.5; 23: 8.9), but the date-palm altar, which is most characteristic of
Ur III glyptic (Collon 1982a: Nos. 342-7, 349 and pp. 139-40) is fairly rare. It occurs in early
Old Babylonian glyptic in the north (Gailani-Werr 1988: 17:12; Porada 1948: 305e) but not in
conjunction with the Weather God. In this context, therefore, this motif indicates an early,
probably recut seal. Seal 9 has been discussed elsewhere (Teissier 1994a). See below for other seals.
None of the Sippar seals in this sample shows to any degree the use of the cutting disc and drill
characteristic of the later Old Babylonian period. The drill is used mostly to enhance features
such as hair-styles (e.g. 254, 268, 274, 276, 270, 280) and a bow (239).
7.3. Non-workshop, unconventional andforeign seals

A number of seals in this sample cannot be attributed to the traditional Sippar workshops
(Gailani-Werr 1988 I and II; Blocher 1992), nor do they betray an origin from the Diyala, for
example, or from Syria or Cappadocia (see below). The provenance of these seals is difficult to
establish; seals from, for example, Dilbat, Babylon and other centres, and even from the south,
were probably in use at Sippar. No uninscribed seals from this sample can be safely attributed to
such origins. Seals 49, 81 from Isin have already been mentioned. Sippar must also have produced
other seals than those from the well-known Workshops I and II: one such type would be the seals
with inscriptions of Sippar officials.
The focal position of Sippar within the commercial network of Babylonia and beyond and its
prestige as a religious centre are well known (Walker 1980, Harris 1975, Charpin 1988, 1992).
Since the article by Harris in which foreigners at Sippar were grouped into slaves, military
personnel and merchants (Harris 1976), recent evidence has demonstrated the presence of Assyrian
and Elamite scribes, as mentioned above, Assyrian merchants (Veenhof 1991) and Elamite work-
men (van Lerberghe 1986). A Sutean soldier could lease a field (van Lerberghe and Voet 1994:
166). Messengers from Elam, Eshnunna, Mari, Babylon, Larsa and beyond would, of course,
have been familiar with Sippar. Work on Sippar personal names may yield further evidence of
foreigners. Given this cosmopolitan exposure, it is perhaps surprising that comparatively few
foreign seals have emerged so far from Sippar, and that their influence was not felt more strongly.
I return to this below.
The few foreign seals in this sample nevertheless reflect some of these outside contacts. The
seals can be divided into four groups: (i) those with characteristics of the Diyala (e.g. 382, 389,
390, 393, 410-13),66 (ii) those from Cappadocia (415-17), (iii) those with Syrian influence
(418-20) and (iv) the seal from Syria (421).
Of the Diyala group, Seal 381 is interesting for its extremely small size (c. 10 mm) and for its
iconography: a lion-demon standing opposite a figure holding a human head67 and the elongated
horns in the field. The use of the guilloche on 417 and 418 in combination with Old Babylonian
subjects betrays Syrian influence, as shown particularly in glyptic from Manri and to a certain
extent Leilan (see illustration notes), and also Chagar Bazaar (Collon 1987: No. 177) and Rimah
(Dalley et al. 1976: P1. 108: 8). Seal 419 is probably a recut Old Syrian/Syro-Cappadocian seal:
the small motifs are characteristic of these styles, whereas the Suppliant Goddess is not.
Cappadocian contacts with Sippar have been fully discussed elsewhere (Teissier 1994a, b). Seal
66Elongated horns that evoke the Weather God's light- and Tell Dhiba'i: Gailani-Werr 1988: e.g. Pis. 12: 1; 13: 9;
ning fork (e.g. 388, 398, 403, 408, 411), large symbols 15: 13.15.16; 16: 1.3.6.7; 17: 1.3.5; 21: 1.
including snakes (e.g. 388, 402, 403, 404, 408, 409), bow- 67 It is usually the lion-demon who holds the human head
legged figures (94, 386, 389, 411, 412), lion-demons (381, and not the deity opposite it (e.g. Gailani-Werr 1988: Pls.
398, 399): all these compare with glyptic from Tell Harmal 7: 3; 10: 1 (Tell Harmal).

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420 is a classic Syrian seal of the 18th century BC: its owner/user in the Hammura
an ordinary witness with a Babylonian name.
7.4. The perception of Sippar glyptic

Present perception of Old Babylonian seals is that most are monotonous iconogra
that they can be of excellent quality. From Sumulael to Sin-muballit Sippar was an
Blocher 1992) but by Hammurabi's reign the iconography of Sippar seals had lost it
had begun to stagnate. I would like to argue that Sippar workshops had a fixed tra
may have been sustained for a reason other than mere conservatism: that of identity. T
of Sippar workshops on Syrin seals has been noted (Collon 1982b) and it is very l
Sippar had established itself as a centre of seal excellence within Babylonia also.
these seals would have enhanced the prestige not only of Sippar but also, from t
Babylon's control of the city, that of Babylon as well. Although a few iconograp
might be attributed to political events (Teissier 1994a: 432), Blocher is essentially ri
that political events did not have a major impact on Sippar glyptic (1992). Sippar
not only kept foreign influence at bay but superseded Amorite tribal differences
equilibrium between tradition and identity. The influence of Hammurabi at first
been to entrench what was already there. Inevitably, however, rising bureaucracy, the e
importance of inscriptions in sealing, changes in engraving techniques and stones, and a
economic pressures, meant that by Samsu-iluna's reign the famous workshops of
moribund.
8. Conclusions
Much of sealing practice is standard, and as demonstrated above the use of seals alone in
archival reconstruction is not reliable. Thus the study of seals and sealing from a centre such as
Old Babylonian Sippar, which has produced so many documents, would be of far greater use if
it were integrated into a focused, archive-based study of aspects of Sippar's economic and social
history. A change of approach in the study of Old Babylonian seals and sealing is needed, starting
with much closer cooperation between epigraphists and seal experts. For instance, the automatic
registering of all seals, not only inscribed ones, by epigraphists as they read the texts should be
mandatory. This need not be as cumbersome as might appear: a code could be used to indicate
the type of seal.68 This would not be a challenge as so much of Old Babylonian iconography is
repetitive. The code could be based on Collon's 1986 British Museum catalogue, which very neatly
illustrates and categorizes the majority of deities, humans and motifs found on Old Babylonian
seals.69 The use of photographs for consultation, if not publication, is also a necessary element of
any archival work, as it is easy to miss details of seals on Old Babylonian tablets when they are
seen only once or twice. Drawings could be done by seal experts at a secondary stage, with
particular aims in mind (e.g. seals with invocations, seals of officials or naditus, seals from
workshops, foreign or unusual seals). Eventually, and ideally, a digital camera or scanner could
record seals directly on to a computer, replacing conventional photographs or drawings, and
making the material accessible to all for comprehensive study.
Bibliography
Ballerini, F. 1908. "Antichita assirio-babilonesi nel Museo civico di Como", Rivista degli Studi Orientali
2, 535-71.
Barrelet, M.-T. 1959. "Glyptique", 146-250 in A. Parrot, Mission archeologique de Mari 2. Le Palais
(Documents et Monuments), Paris.
Behrens, H. ed. (with D. Loding and M. Roth) 1989. DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A, Studies in Honor of Ake
W. Sjoberg, Philadelphia.
Blocher, F. 1992. Siegelabrollungen auffriihaltbabylonischen Tontafeln im British Museum, Mtlnchen/Wien.
Braun-Holzinger, E. 1996. "Altbabylonische Gotter und ihre Symbole", Baghdader Mitteilungen 27, 236-359.
Budge, E. A. W. 1925. The Rise and Progress of Assyriology, London.
68 I am grateful to G. van Driel for originally suggesting ascending posture, Ala = the same with a crook;
the use of a code. Category B= humans, BI = nude hero with curls, Bla=the
69 For example, Category A =deities, Al= goddess in same in a contest (after Collon 1986).

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Charpin, D. 1982. "Le geste, la parole et l'ecrit dans la vie juridique en Babylonie ancienne", 65-73 in Actes
du colloque international de l'universite Paris VII, organise par A. M. Christin, Paris.
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ancienne", 121-40 in Cuneiform Archives and Libraries (RAI 30), Leiden.
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de Mari 1.2, Paris.
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in La circulation des biens, des personnes et des idees dans le Proche-Orient ancien (RAI 38), Paris.
Cohen, M. E. 1993. The Cultic Calendars of the Ancient Near East, Bethesda, Maryland.
Collon, D. 1975. The Seal Impressions from Tell Atchana/Alalakh (AOAT 27), Neukirchen-Vluyn.
Collon, D. 1982a. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Cylinder Seals 2. Post-
Akkadian- Ur III Periods, London.
Collon, D. 1982b. "The Aleppo Workshop - a seal cutter's workshop in Syria in the second half of the
18th century B.C.", Ugarit-Forschungen 13, 33-43.
Collon, D. 1986. Catalogue of Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum, Cylinder Seals 3. Isin/Larsa and
Old Babylonian Periods, London.
Collon, D. 1987. First Impressions, Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East, London.
Dalley, S., Walker, C. B. F., Hawkins, J. D. 1976. The Old Babylonian Tablets from Tell al Rimah, London.
Dekiere, L. 1994. Old Babylonian Real Estate Documents from Sippar in the British Museum 2. Documents
from the Reign of Hammurabi (MHET 2/2), Ghent.
Delaporte, L. 1923. Catalogues des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravees de style oriental 2. Acquisitions, Paris.
van Driel, G. 1989. "The British Museum 'Sippar' Collection: Babylonia 1882-1893", Zeitschrift far
Assyriologie 79, 102-17.
Finkelstein, J. J. 1976. "gilip remim and related matters", 187-96 in Kramer Anniversary Volume, Cuneiform
Studies in Honor of S. N. Kramer (AOAT 25), ed. B. L. Eichler et al., Neukirchen-Vluyn.
Frankfort, H. 1955. Stratified Cylinder Seals from the Diyala Region, Chicago.
Gailani-Werr, L. 1981. "Seal impressions from Sippar", Sumer 37, 129-36.
Gailani-Werr, L. 1988. Studies in the Chronology and Regional Styles of Old Babylonian Cylinder Seals
(BibMes 23), Malibu.
Goetze, A. 1957. "Old Babylonian documents from Sippar in the collection of the Catholic University o
America", Journal of Cuneiform Studies 11, 15-40.
Greengus, S. 1987. "The Akkadian calendar at Sippar", Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, 209-29
Harris, R. 1962. "Biographical notes on the naditu women of Sippar", Journal of Cuneiform Studies 16, 1-12.
Harris, R. 1963. "The organization and administration of the cloister in ancient Babylonia", Journal of th
Economic and Social History of the Orient 6, 121-57.
Harris, R. 1969. "Notes on the Babylonian cloister and hearth", Orientalia NS 38, 133-45 (review of CT 47
Harris, R. 1975. Ancient Sippar. A Demographic Study of an Old Babylonian City (1894-1595 B.C.), Leiden
Harris, R. 1976. "On foreigners in Old Babylonian Sippar", Iraq 38, 129-32.
Klengel-Brandt, E. 1989. "Altbabylonische Siegelabrollungen", Altorientalische Forschungen 16/2, 253-356
van Lerberghe, K. 1986. "Un 'Elamite' a Sippar-Amnanum", 151-6 in Fragmentae Historiae Elamicae,
Melanges offerts a M.-J. Steve, Paris.
van Lerberghe, K. 1986a. Old Babylonian Legal and Administrative Texts from Philadelphia, in collaboratio
with M. Stol and G. Voet, Leuven.
van Lerberghe, K. and Voet, G. 1991. Sippar-Amnanum. The Ur-Utu Archive (MHET 1), Ghent.
van Lerberghe, K. and Voet, G. 1994. "An Old Babylonian clone", 159-68 in Cinquante-deux reflexions sur
le Proche-Orient ancient offertes en hommage a Leon De Meyer (MHEO 2), ed. H. Gasche et al.,
Ghent.
Meissner, F. 1893. Beitrdge zum altbabylonische Privatrecht, Leipzig.
M0ller, E. 1985. "Shamuhtum and her family", Akkadica 43, 16-20.
Ozguii, N. 1980. "Seal impressions from Acemhuyuik", 61-100 in Ancient Art in Seals, ed. E. Porada,
Princeton, New Jersey.
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syriennes 37-8, 128-41.
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Library Collection, Bollingen Series 14, Washington.
Reade, J. 1986. Pp. xiii-xxxvi in E. Leichty, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum 6.
Tablets from Sippar 1, London.
Riftin, A. P. 1937. Starovavilonskie juridiceskie i administrativnie dokumenti v sobranijach SSR, Moscow and
Leningrad.
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d'assyriologie 89/1, 41-55.
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Schorr, M. 1913. Urkunden des altbabylonischen Zivil und Prozessrechts, Leipzig.

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van Soldt, W. H. 1994. Letters in the British Museum 2 (AbB 13), Leiden.
Teissier, B. 1994a. Review of Blocher 1992, Bibliotheca Orientalis 51, 3/4, 429-42.
Teissier, B. 1994b. Sealing and Seals on Texts from Kultepe karum Level 2, Nederlands Historisch-
Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul.
Veenhof, K. 1991. "Assyrian commercial activities in Old Babylonian Sippar. Some new evidence", 287-304
in Melanges Garelli, Paris.
Veenhof, K. 1995. "Cuneiform tablets of the Schoneveld Collection", JEOL 33, 133-6.
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H. Gasche et al., Ghent.
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in 1881-1882", pp. 93-114 in L. De Meyer, ed., Tell ed-Der. Sounding at Abu Habbah (Sippar),
Leuven.
Waterman, L. 1916. Business Documents of the Hammurabi Period from the British Museum, London.
Westbrook, R. 1988. Old Babylonian Marriage Law (AfO Beiheft 23), Horn.
Wilcke, C. 1983. "Nachlese zu A. Poebels Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the Time of the
First Dynasty of Babylon Chiefly from Nippur", Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie 73, 48-62.
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Philadelphia, Bibliotheca Orientalis 50, 3/4, 425-33.
Catalogue of illustrations
The drawings catalogued below are of those seals only that are complete or distinctive enough
for identification. (Unqualified impressions belonging to one seal but showing different parts of
the design may have been inadvertently drawn as two different seals: Seals 158 and 176, for
example, were found to be the same just before going to press. Sealing practices in Old Babylonian
Sippar make this a possibility.) Photographs of all the seals (drawn and undrawn) are available
for general consultation in the Western Asiatic Students' Room of the British Museum. The BM
no./Seal no. Index gives the probable number of seals per envelope. Undrawn seals are marked
as ND. These include some with very faint inscriptions or annotations as well as highly overwritten
or faint figures.
The seals are arranged in two main groups for easy reference: those with inscriptions (except
the dSamas dAja type) and the rest, which are arranged iconographically. Inscribed seals are
arranged alphabetically first by title: A.IGI.DU8 (1), A.ZU (2), DAM.GAR (3-10), DINGIR or gods'
seals (11-20), DUB.SAR (21-2, but see also 54), GEME GN (23-31), i.DU8 (32), IR E.BABBAR (33-9),
iR E.DI.KUD (40), IR RN (41-54), MASKIM (55), SANGA (dUTU etc.; 56-61), UGULA (62-4), and
then by personal name (65-146). All other seals, including fragmentary inscriptions, are arranged
by date. Iconographically arranged seals are grouped as follows: seated deities (147-76), seated
king and introductions to the same (177-84), Sun God (185-206), similar gods in ascending
positions (207-10), god with ring (211-16), warrior deities, (i) warrior goddess (217-28), (ii) god
with thunderbolt (229-37), (iii) god with bow (238-9), smiting king (240-4), king with mace
and suppliant goddess (245-72), nude goddess (273-92), miscellaneous deities (293-321), frag-
mentary offering scenes (322-3), combats (334-67), fragments (368-80), unconventional and
Diyala seals (381-413), foreign seals (414-20), sissiktu (421-2) and finger-nail impressions
(423-4). The seals are not generally described as most are very familiar Old Babylonian types.
Exceptional or unconventional seals are noted.
Each entry in the catalogue of the illustrations gives the following data in sequence: first, the
number allocated to the seal impression here, the museum number of the tablet (all numbers are
BM), its place of publication, the date of the tablet, and the type of text written on it; second,
the position (or positions) of the seal on the envelope and the approximate height of the seal
in mm; third, the inscription in transliteration and translation (where there is one); and finally,
the owner/user and his/her status (e.g., Wl/2= Witness 1 on the tablet, W2 on the envelope) and
a description or comparisons where relevant. Where the seal inscription occurs on other tablets
details of these are appended to the entry. References to tablets in collections other than the
British Museum are supplied courtesy of Professor M. Stol's catalogue of Old Babylonian seal
inscriptions.

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The drawings range from a scale of 3:2 to 2: 1.
Abbreviations
B buyer L left rev. reverse
bot. bottom LE left edge RN royal name

d daughter of LoE lower edge S seller
E envelope mid. middle s son of
f father of ND not drawn T tablet
frag. fragment obv. obverse UE upper edge
GN god's name PN personal name W witness
Ha Hammurabi R right w wife of
J judge RE right edge
1. 78280, CT 45.20, Ha 9, sale. Obv. L top/mid.,

82431, CT 6.47B, Westbrook 1988: 118,
UE, 20 mm. 20/12/24, lawsuit. Obv. L mid./bot., LE.
ba-za-zu-um / A.IGI.DU8 / DUMU i-ku-un-KA-es4- Judge 4
tadr 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. Obv. L
Bazazum, canal-engineer, son of Ikun-pi-Istar bot., LE bot. W5
W2 (Annum-pisa) uses his father's seal See also PBS 7.47 (letter); CBS 1336 (W); van
Lerberghe 1986a: No. 95, Seal 2' (Sin-
2. 82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7?/11, muballit) (courtesy M. Stol).
adoption. LoE, 20 mm.
dkal-kal-na-si-ir / A.ZU / DUMU DINGIR-sU-i-bi- 6. 92595A, Dekiere 1994: 206, [x]/9/21, sale.
SU / [iR] drUTU1
Obv. L top, LE top, 19 mm.
Kalkal-nasir, doctor, son of Ilsu-ibbisu, servant DINGIR-sU-i-bi-[.s] / DAM./GAR1 / DUMU i-pi-iq-
of Samas res4-tarl/iR dne-erilx-rgal
W8, brother of party Ilsu-ibbisu, merchant, son of Ipiq-Istar, servant
of Nergal
W1 (Erra-muballit) or W2 (Samas-bani) use
3. 17056A, CT 47.27 (8), Gailani-Werr 1988:
father's seal
201 (ND), Ha 4, sale. Obv. L, 21 mm. Blocher
1992: No. 239 (Apil-Sin).
7. 82434A, CT 48.8, -/-/18, lawsuit. LoE,
a-bu-wa-qar / DUMU DUG-i-li-r Su / DAM.GAR / IR
16 mm.
d[EN.ZU?]
DINGIR-su-na-sir/DAM.GAR/DUMU a-bu-um-wa-
Abum-waqar son of Tab-ilisu, merchant, ser-
qar
vant of [Sin?]
Unattributed Ilsu-nasir, merchant, son of Abum-waqar
Used by Nur-Sahan (dGiR), Judge 1
4. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Obv. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation. LoE.
L top, LE top, 20 mm. W (judge) 2
DINGIR-su-ba-ni DAM.GAR / dUTU / dsa-ha-an
Ilsu-bani, merchant. Samas, Sahan 8. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Obv.
WI (Samas-tillassu) uses his father's seal L top/mid., 21 mm.
LUGAL-dUTU / DUMU DINGIR-[su]-na-si-ir / DAM.
5. 17069A, CT 47.39A (9), 7/5/25, sale. LE GAR
mid., bot., 20 mm. Sarrum-Samas, son of Ilsu-nasir, merchant

DINGIR-su-ba-ni DAM.GAR / DUMU i-bi-dNIN. W6
SUBUR / iR sa dNIN.SUB[UR]
Ilsu-bani, merchant, son of Ibbi-Ilabrat, servant 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation. Obv.
of Ilabrat L mid./bot. W (judge) 3 (judge also in CT
WI/2 8.9A, CBS 1860, 66; both Samsuiluna)

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9. 17057A, Dekiere 1994: 189, Ha 16, sale. Rev. dNIN.[PIRIG?] / SUKKAL AD.HAL AN.[NA] / U
bot. L, 25 mm. Blocher 1992: No. 114 SUKKAL KU [dUTU?]
(Sabium). Nin-[pirig?], vizier of the secrets of heaven and
i-bi-dEN.ZU / DUMU na-bi-i-li-Su / DAM.GAR holy vizier of [Samas?]
Ibbi-Sin, son of Nabi-ilisu, merchant Unattributed
Unattributed
16. 17460A, Dekiere 1994: 244, Ha 32, lease.
17445, Dekiere 1994: 191, Ha 17, sale. Obv. L Obv. L, LE, 18 mm.
mid., rev. R. Unattributed rdlNIN.X[ (X)]/[EN?] rHEl.GAL KU AS X[(X)]/rZI?1
KALAM.M[A? I.SUM.MU?]
10. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Nin..., [lord? who ...] pure prosperity, [who
UE, 21 mm. gives?] the life? of the land
Unattributed
SES.KI-MA.AN.SUM / DAM.GAR / DUMU DINGIR-
Su-ba-ni/iR dUTU U da-rha-an1
Nanna-mansum, merchant, son of Il1u-bani, 17. 78561, Meissner 1893: 64, 1/9/37, rental.
servant of Sama§ and Sahan LE, 12-5 mm.
Seller dNIN.X[ (X)] / DUMU AN.[NA?]
Nin..., son of heaven?
11. 82063, Dekiere 1994: 249, 5/12/32, lease. Unattributed
Obv. L bot., rev. L top, 19-5 mm.
IM GU?.GAL AN.[KI.A]/NIG.NAM UR4.UR4.X/ 18. 17063A, CT 47.40A, Ha 23. Dowry, LE
HE.GAL KALAM.MA SUM.[(X)] mid., LoE, 24 mm.
Adad, canal-keeper of heaven [and earth,] who dUTU [SU]L.ZI.MAH / AN.KI.A / NAM.rMAH1.NI /
gathers everything under his control, who [. ]
gives the land abundance. Utu/Samas, the worthy and exalted young man
W2 or lessee, probably the latter (Rabatum wife of heaven and earth ...
of Sin-iddinam) Unattributed
12. 82269, CT 6.44A, 1/2/43, rental. Rev., 19. 16821A, CT 47.47A (2), 1/-/43(?), inherit-
14-5 mm. ance, bequest. Obv. L top/mid., 16 mm.
dIM DUMU AN.[NA]/UR5. SA4? NI [X]/ZI KAL-
dSE.R15.DA NIN.[MU] / A.RA.ZU.E GIS.T[UKU] /
AM.MA SU[M.MU] DI.KU5 Ni X X [x]
Adad/Iskur son of heaven, who ..., who gives Serida, [my] lady, hear (my) prayers, judge ...
the life of the land W2 (Warad-Samas d Sumu-Adad)?
Tenant (Samas-tillassu son of Itti-Enlil-qinni)
20. 82212, CT 48.115, 1/9/28, hire. UE, LE,
13. 82250, Dekiere 1994: 264, Ha 36, rental. obv. L, RE, 20 mm.
LoE, 20 mm. dT[ISPAK?] / DINGIR al-di-x / DINGIR as-nun-n [a]
dMAR.TU [...]/DUMU AN.NA/DINGIR ME.SIKIL Tispak, god of ..., god of Esnunna
SU?.[DU7?] Unattributed
Amurrum ..., son of heaven, god who perfects
the pure mes 21. 82227, CT 4.20C, Schorr 1913: 108, -/-/20,
Unattributed loan. Obv. E, RE, LoE, 17-5 mm.
r iblni_den-rlill / rDUB.SAR1 / DUMU den-lil-a-b[P]
14. 82064, CT 48.15, Ha 13, litigation. LE top, Ibni-Enlil, scribe, son of Enlil-abi
22-5 mm. W2
dNIN.PIRIG / SUKKAL.GAL dUTU / Sa E.BABBAR.
RA.A SE? 22. 82266, Dekiere 1994: 246, 1/2/32, rental.
Nin-pirig, great vizier of Samas of the Ebabbar LE, 17 mm.
Unattributed i-bi-dNIN.[SUBUR?] / DUB.[SAR] / DUMU dSES.KI-
MA.[AN.SUM]/IR d[X X]
15. 17072A, CT 47.50A (3), Gailani-Werr 1988: Ibbi-Ilabrat, scribe, son of Nanna-mansum, ser-
222 (3), Ha, house exchange. Obv. L bot., vant of...
LE mid., rev. bot., RE, 23 mm. W3

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23. 82273, Waterman 1916:. 12, -/-/13, rental. Si-ma-ra-ha?l-[ti] /Mi.rDUB?.SAR?1 /GEME dUTU
Obv. L mid., LE mid., 19 mm. U da ral
Sima-ahati, female scribe?, servant-girl of Samas
da-a-ri-i[m-tum] / DUMU. M dSES.KI-MA.AN.SUM /
GEME UTU da-a and Aja
Aja-rimtum, daughter of Nanna-mansum, W4
servant-girl of Samas and Aja
Wl 30. 17352A, Dekiere 1994: 132, Ha, inheritance.
Obv. L mid., 19-5 mm.
24. 17352A, Dekiere 1994: 132, Ha, inheritance. [x]-sa?-pa?-[x] /DUMU.Mi dEN.ZU-[X] / GEME
Obv. L, LE, 24 mm. drUTU1 / da-[a]
...sapa?..., daughter of Sin-..., servant-girl of
[be-le-tum] / DUMU.Mi en-nam-tu-tu / GEME dUTU
u a-a Samas and Aja
Unattributed
[Beletum], daughter of Ennam-Tutu, servant-
girl of Samas and Aja
W12 31. 16821A, CT 47.47A (1), 1/-/43(?), inherit-
ance, bequest. Obv. L top, 16 mm.
25. 82273, Waterman 1916: 12, -/-/13, rental. [il-ta-ni]/[DUMU.MI dEN].ZU-MU-[XX] /GEME
LE bot., 18 mm.
UTU u da-a
e-ri-is-d[UTU]/DUMU.M dUTU-na-s[ir?]/GEME da?- [Iltani], [daughter of Si]n-mu[ballit], servant-
girl of Samas and Aja
[a?]
Wl
Eristi-Samas, daughter of Samas-nasir, servant
girl of Aja?
Unattributed 32. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. Obv.
L mid./bot., 17-5 mm.
sd-bi-um-i-[lh /i.rDU81 /iR E.BABBAR
26. 82212, CT 48.115, 1/11/28, hire. Rev. L
Sabium-ili, gate-keeper, servant of the Ebabbar
upp., 22-5 mm.
Broken, but probably W6 (son of Abum-ili)
el-r-i-ti-d[a-a?] / [GEM]E dUTU U d[a-a]
Eristi-Aja, servant-girl of Samas and [Aja]
Lessee
33. 79759, Dekiere 1994: 227, -/-/27, lease. Obv.
L bot., LE, 16 mm.
[E.ID]IM.AN.NA-MA.AN.S[UM] / [DUMU] ka-rlu-
82088, Dekiere 1994: 261, Ha 35, lease. LoE,
mu-um1 /riR1 E.BABBAR
LE, RE, rev. whole. WI
Eidimanna-mansum, son of Kalumum, servant
82230, Dekiere 1994: 295, Ha 41, lease. LoE,
of the Ebabbar
LE, rev. L. W2
Unattributed
27. 82391, Dekiere 1994: 274, 25?/2/38, lease. 34. 17460A, Dekiere 1994: 244, Ha 32, lease.
Obv. L, LE, UE, 17.5 mm. UE, 15mm.
ia-ap-ha-[tum] / DUMU.MI i-zi-[ga-tar] / GEME
[im]-lik-dEN.Z[U] / [DUMU] dUTU-mu-[de] / [iR] E.
UTU da-[a] BAB[BAR]
Iapbatum, daughter of Izi-gatar, servant-girl of Imlik-Sin, son of Samas-mude, servant of the
Samas and Aja Ebabbar
Sister of landlord lends to lessee or W
Father of lessee, lends to a W
28. 17063A, CT 47.40A (4), Ha 23, dowry. 35. 82348, CT 48.97 (T), 14/7/24, date-
Obv. L bot., 11 mm. cultivation contract. Obv. L, 17-5 mm.
ni-si-[i-ni-su] / DUMU.MI a-b [i-ia-tum] / GEME rDINGIR?1-MA.AN.rSUM1 [...]/DUMU dUTU-MU-
dUTU [da-a] b[a?-. ..] / iR E.BABBAR
Nisi-inisu, daughter of Abijatum, servant-girl of [Dingir]-mansum ..., son of Samas-muba?...,
Samas and [Aja] servant of the Ebabbar
W8 Unattributed
29. 82095, Dekiere 1994: 156, -/-/10, lease. LE36. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. Obv.
bot., 20-5 mm. L bot., 22 mm.

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ka-lu-mu-um / DUMU dIM-re-rme-nil 17469A, / riR1 Dekiere

E. 1994: 212, 15/3/24, lease. Obv.
BAB[BAR] L bot., LE bot., LoE, rev. L. W2 (i.DU8 KA
Kalimum, son of Adad-remeni, servant of the gagtm)
Ebabbar (i.Du8) 17462A, Dekiere 1994: 209, Ha 24, lease. Obv.
W7 (E.IDIM.AN.NA-MA.AN.SUM) (i.DU8) uses L bot., LE bot. W2 (i.DU8 KA gagim)
father's seal 81301, Dekiere 1994: 221, HIa 26, lease. Obv.
L. Broken
82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7?/11, 82063, Dekiere 1994: 249, 5/12/32, lease. Obv.
bequest, maintenance. Obv. L bot. W7 L top. WI
(E .IDIM.AN.NA-MA.AN.SUM) uses father's seal
82183, Dekiere 1994: 173, 6/3/14, lease. Obv. 40.L,
82121, Dekiere 1994: 284, Ha 40, lease. Obv.
LE. W (Huzalum) uses father's seal L, LE, RE, LoE, UE, 18 mm.
82441, Dekiere 1994: 180, 11/-/15, adoption. [il-ba-lu-[ut] / rDUMU1 e-tel-KA-d[x] / rR1 E.DI.
Obv. L top, LE. W6 (E.IDIM.AN.NA-MA. KU5.KALAM.M[A]
AN.SUM) uses father's seal Iballut, son of Etel-pi-..., servant of the
82469, Dekiere 1994: 200, Ha 18 or 24, sale. LE Edikukalamma
frag. W5 (E.IDIM.AN.NA-MA.AN.SUM) Lessee (Ipqatum) uses father's seal
92644, CT 8.35B, Ha, sale. LE bot. W7 (E.IDIM.
AN.NA-MA.AN.SUM) 41. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, settlement. Rev.
See also VS 8.124; CT 47.12 (3); Goetze 1957: mid., 18 mm.
20, No. 8; Moller 1985: 17, n. 10; Klengel- ni-di-in-e&4-[tdr]/DUB.SAR /DUMU GiR.NI-i.SA61/
Brandt 1989: 289, No. 33b; Ballerini 1908: IR sa-bi-um
563, Seal 3 (courtesy M. Stol). Nidin-Istar, scribe, son of Gimisa, servant of
Sabium
37. 17063A, CT 47.40A (1), Gailani-Werr 1988:Unattributed
221, 1, Ha 23, dowry. Obv. L top, LE top,
21 mm. 42. 80477, Waterman 1916: 51, 4/4/4, memor-
duTU-e-ri-ba-[am] / DUMU su-mu-um-li-ib-[Si] / IR andum. Obv., LE, UE, 20 mm.
E.BABBAR.X a-rwi1-il-[i-li?] / DUMU i-li-[.. . / iR a-pil-dEN.[ZU]
Samas-eribam, son of Sumum-libsi, servant of
Awil-ili, son of Ili-..., servant of Apil-Sin
the Ebabbar Function unknown
Wl (DUB.SAR on CBS 1597)
43. 16824A, CT 47.29A (1), Gailani-Werr 1988:
92650A, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. Rev.
203 (1), -/-/7, sale. Obv. L top, 22 mm.
bot. W10 d [EN.ZU-. ..] / DUMU i-ku-[un-K]A-sa / iR a-[pil]-
d[EN.ZU]
38. 17064A, CT 47.42A, Gailani-Werr 1988: Sin-..., son of Ikiin-pisa, servant of A[pil-Sin]
(8), Ha 32, bequest. Rev. top/bot., 21 mm.Unattributed
dSES.KI-MA.AN.[SUM] / DUMU li-bu-ra-am / [iR E.
BAB]BAR 44. 92650A, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale.
Nanna-mansum, son of Liburram, servant of LE top, 16 mm.
the Ebabbar [d]EN.ZU-ba-[ni]/[SANG]A d[UTU]/[DUMU] dASAL.
Unattributed LU.HI-MA.[AN.SUM] / iR ha-am-mu-r[a-bi]
Sin-bani, priest of Samas, son of Asalluhi-
39. 82255, Dekiere 1994: 201, 18/1/5, lease. mansum, servant of Hammurabi
LE, 24 mm. W2
r-.sur-me-e-dUTU / DUMU dUTU-TAB.BA-re1 / iR E.
BABBAR 45. 78301, CT 45.27, 20/1/35, list. Obv. L top,
Usur-me-Samas, son of Samag-tappe, servant of LE, LoE, 25 mm.
the Ebabbar .SI-I-dNIN.TU / DUMU ni-id-rna-at1-dEN.ZU / iR
W3 ha-am-mu-ra-bi
Silli-Nintu, son of Nidnat-Sin, servant of
17448A, Dekiere 1994: 204, 18/3/21, lease. Rev.Hammurabi
L all W2 Function unknown

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46. 17086A, Dekiere 1994: 290, Ha 40, litiga-

[m]a-ah-nu-ub-DIN[GIR] / DUMU dSES.KI-A,.DAH-
tion. Obv. L top, LE, 20 mm. fmal-[gir / iR ha-ga-lu[m]
ra-pa-as-sil-li-][-a] / DUMU INIMdNIN.rSUBUR?1 /Mahnub-DINGIR, son of Nanna-A4.DAH-magir,
rUGULA1 LUKUR d[UTU.(MES)] / IR ha-am-mu- servant of Hagalum
ra-[bi] W10
Rapas-silli-Ea, son of Awat-Ilabrat, overseer of
the naditus of Samas, servant of Hammurabi 53. 17045A, CT 47.30A (2), 20/3/10, inherit-
WI ance. Obv. L mid., 17-5 mm.
duTu-mu-ba-li-[it] / DUMU a-bi-ia-[tum] / IR ha-
ga-l[um]
47. 16821A, CT 47.47A, 1/-/43(?), inheritance,
Samas-muballit, son of Abijatum, servant of
bequest. LoE L, 22-5 mm.
Hagalum
dAMAR.UTU-la-ma-s-ru / DUMU dEN.ZU-mu-sa-
W5
li /UGULA LUKUR dUTU / IR ha-am-mu-ra-bi
Marduk-lamassasu, son of Sin-musallim, over-
54. 82255, Dekiere 1994: 201, 18/1/5, lease. LE,
seer of the naditus of Samas, servant of
UE, 22 mm.
Hammurabi
rli1-bur-ku-si-su /[DUB].SAR rLUGAL1 / [iR] dgi4-
W5. See also CT 47.67 (7) (Sin-muballit) (cour-
mi-il- / den-lil
tesy M. Stol).
Libuir-kussisu, royal scribe, servant of Gimil-
Enlil
48. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, settlement. Rev. top, Wl (SES-BA.AN.TUK)
11 mm.
dUTU-ha-[zi-ir] / DUMU i-[din-dUTU] / iR ha-[am- 82441, Dekiere 1994: 180, 11/-/15, adoption,
mu-ra-bi] gift, support. Obv. L bot., LE bot. W7 (SES-
Samas-hazir, son of Iddin-Samas, servant of BA.AN.TUK)
Hammurabi
W5/6 55. 17441A, Dekiere 1994: 170, -/-/14, sale.
Obv. L top, rev. L mid., 19 mm.
dUTU-TAB.BA-sU/MASKIM/DUMU zi-kir-i-li-su / iR
49. 81505, Dekiere 1994: 142, 1H3, lease. Obv.,
drGIBIL?l
LE, UE, RE, 16 mm.
Samas-tappasu, rabisum, son of Zikir-ilisu, ser-
ri-is-d [UTU] / DUMU SlG-an-nu-n [i-tum] / iR1l SIG5-
vant of Nusku?
DINGIR-[SU?]
Unattributed
Ris-Samas, son of Ipiq-Annunitum, servant of
See also Sanati-Muiller 1989: 298, No. 79 (iR
Damiq-ilisu
dAb-u) (courtesy M. Stol).
W2
56. 82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7/11,

50. 17045A, CT 47.30A (6), 20/3/10, inherit- adoption. UE, 20 mm.
ance. Rev. L bot., 15 mm. AN-KA-da-[a] / rSANGA1 dUTU / DUMU IR-dEN.
i-li-a-[bi] / DUMU ir!(NI)-bi-[UHki] / iR ha-ga-[lum] z[u]/iR da-a
Ili-abi, son of Irbi-Aksak, servant of Hagalum Annum-pi-Aja, priest of Samas, son of Warad-
Wll Sin, servant of Aja
Wl
51. 17045A, CT 47.30A (3), 20/3/10, inherit-

92644, CT 8.35B, Ija, sale. Obv. L bot. WI
ance. Obv. L top-bot., 20 mm.
17352A, Dekiere 1994: 132, Ha, inheritance. UE
DINGIR-SU-KASKAL.KUR-SU / DUMU DINGIR-§U-
L. WI
ba-ni/ iR ha-ga-lu[m]
Ilsu-tillassu, son of Ilsu-bani, servant of
57. 92644, CT 8.35B, Ha, sale. Obv. L, 25 mm.
Hagalum
W6 SANGA d[UTU] / e-te-el-KA-dna-bi-um / DUMU sa-
lim-pa-li-ih-rsul / IR dna-bi-um
Priest of Samas, Etel-pi-Nabium, son of Salim-
52. 17045A, CT 47.30A (3), 20/3/10, inherit- palihsu, servant of Nabium
ance. Rev. L top, 15 mm W2. See also 84

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58. 16821A, CT 47.47A (4), Gailani-Werr 1988: PN, overseer of naditus of Samas, son of ...
213 (4), 1/-/43(?), inheritance, bequest. Obv.Unattributed
L bot., LE bot., 15 mm.
is-me-dEN.[ZU] / SANGA dUTU / DUMU i-ku-un-KA-63. 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale.
d[UTUI / [iR ...] Rev. mid., 20-5 mm.
Isme-Sin, priest of Samas, son of Ik-un-pi- dNIN.SUBUR-[MA.AN.SUM] / DUMU bur-nu-nu /
Samas, [servant of...] UGULA LUKUR dUTU/iR E.[BABBAR]
W4. See also CBS 95; Wilcke 1983: 66;
Ninsubur-mansum, son of Buir-nunu, overseer
Woestenberg 1993: 427 (Ammisaduqa) of
(cour-
naditus of Samas, servant of the Ebabbar
tesy M. Stol). W7
59. 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, Gailani-Werr

64A. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale.
1988: 213 (3), 25/9/30, sale. UE, 25 mm.
Obv. L top/mid., 20 mm.
iR-dEN.ZU / SANGA dUTU / DUMU li-pi-it-[eS-dEN . zu-ba-ni / DUMU dUTU-DINGIR / UGULA
tdr]/iR da-[a] LUKUR dUTU.ME[S] / IR E.BABBAR
Warad-Sin, priest of Samas, son of Lipit-Istar,Sin-bani, son of Samas-ilum, overseer of naditus
servant of Aja of Samas, servant of the Ebabbar
Wl (Annum-pi-Aja, SANGA dUTU) uses father'sW4? (UGULA, but name broken)
seal.
82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7/11,

16821A, CT 47.47A (3), Gailani-Werr 1988: 213
adoption. Obv. L mid., LE mid./bot. W4
(3), 1/-/43(?), inheritance, bequest. Obv. L
16815A, CT 47.22A (2), Gailani-Werr 1988: 209
mid., LE mid. W3 (Annum-pi-Aja, SANGA (2), 1/-/14, sale. LoE. User unknown
dUTU) uses father's seal.
82434A, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation. Obv. L top.
See also VS 9.42; Ballerini 1908: 562; CT 47.56
W (judge) 4
(1); CBS 1600 (Sin-muballit); Klengel-
Brandt 1989: 258, No. 5; van Lerberghe
1986a: 77, Seal 8 (courtesy M. Stol). 64B. 82411, CT 8.12C, Schorr 1913: 222, -/8/28,
support contract. Obv. L top, LE top, RE
top, 21 mm.
60. 16824A, CT 47.29A (2), -/-/7, sale. Obv. L
mid., 22 mm. dEN.ZU-ba-n[i] /UGULA LUKUR dUTU.M[ES] /
DUMU dUTU-DING[IR] / iR E.BAB[BAR]
dEN.ZU-KUR-i-ni/DUMU IR-dMAR.TU / SANGA di-
ku-nu-um Sin-bani, overseer of naditus of Samas, son of
Samas-ilum, servant of the Ebabbar
Sin-sadufni, son of Warad-Amurrum, priest of
WI
Ikuinum
W5
92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. Rev.
16827, CT 47.28A (1), Gailani-Werr 1988: 202 top, LoE. W6
(1), -/-/7, sale. Rev. top. W3
17047, Dekiere 1994: 164, 8/11/11, sale. Rev. L 65. 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. LE
bot. W2 mid., 20-5 mm.
82262, Dekiere 1994: 174, 5/5/14, lease. UE. W3
dIM-MA.AN.SUM / DUMU DINGIR-SU-a-bu-[sU? ]/iR
82402, Dekiere 1994: 337, HIa [x]/10/?, sale. sa dI[M]
Obv. L bot., LE bot., rev. L. W8 Iskur-mansum, son of Ilsu-abusu, servant of
Adad
61. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation. W3
Obv. L bot., 20 mm.
SANGA dEN.ZU 66. 82260, Dekiere 1994: 251, Ija 33, lease. UE,
Priest of Sin LoE, 20-5 mm.
Unattributed [d]IM-ta-a-a-a[r] / [DUMU] dnin-urta?-[. . .]/ riR1
drIM?1
62. 17064A, CT 47.42A (1), Ha 32, bequest. Adad-tajjar, son of Ninurta-..., servant of
LE top, 13 mm. Adad?
AN.[. . .]/UGULA LUKUR [dUTU]/DUMU AN.[...] Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
67. 82139, Dekiere 1994: 228, Ha 27, lease. Annum-pisa, son of Sin-eribam, servant of
LoE, 14 mm. Girra and Nusku
ra1-hu-um-ki-[nu]/DUMU dEN.ZU-[X]/iR drxl [X] Tenant (Sin-eribam son of Sin-rabi) seals with
Ahum-kinu, son of Sin-..., servant of ... son's seal.
W1
74. 82266, Dekiere 1994: 246, 1/2/32, rent. Rev.

68. 17064A, CT 47.42A (6), Ha 32, bequest. L, 15-5 mm.
Rev. mid., top, 15-5 mm.
[a]-wa-at-dEN. Z[-li-zi-iz] / DUMU ia-an-r ti-in-[a-
al-ta-[.. .]/DUMU.Mi ri-ib-[. . .] / [. . .]
ra-am] /iR dEN.ZU [...?]
Alta..., daughter of Rib-....... Awat-Sin-lizziz, son of Iantin-Aram, servant of
W8
Sin [and ... ?]
W2
69. 82393A, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976:
190, -/-/9, adoption. RE top, rev. L
75. 82348, CT 48.97 (T), 14/7/24, date-
mid./bot., 18 mm.
cultivation contract. Rev. L top, 18 mm.
dMAR.TU-na-si-rir1/DUMU iR-e[g4?-tar?]/iR dMAR.
TU
a-[wi]-il-d[IM?] / DUMU dNIN.KAR.RA.[AK-. ..] / iR
d[.] / u dna-[bi-urm?]
Amurrum-nasir, son of Warad-Iftar, servant of
Amurrum
Awil-Adad, son of Ninkarrak-..., servant of
GN and Nabium
W8
GIR, controller
70. 82371, CT 6.44C, Schorr 1913: 167, -/11/30, See also van Lerberghe and Voet 1991: 150, Seal
loan. Obv. whole, UE, LE, RE, 21-5 mm. 5 (Sin-muballit) (courtesy M. Stol).
§um!(AM)-ma-an-la-dUTU / DUMU ni-id-nu-sa / IR
dEN.ZU 76. 17390, Dekiere 1994: 160, -/-/1 1, loan. UE,
gumman-la-Samas, son of Nidnusa, servant of 14-5 mm.
Sin LU-DINGIR-[X (X)]/DUMU ku-[...]
Debtor 1 Awil-ili, son of Ku...
Unattributed
17062A, CT 47.23A (1), -/x/14, sale. Obv. L.
W13/2 77. 82097, Dekiere 1994: 283, Ha 40, lease. UE,
17071 A, CT 47.34A (2), Gailani-Werr 1988: 211 17-5 mm.
(2), -/-/14, sale. Obv. L top, LE. W2
LU-dN[IN?...]/iR s d[...]
Awil-Nin..., servant of ...
71. 82402, Dekiere 1994: 337, Ha [x]/10/?, sale. Unattributed
Obv. L top, LE, 20 mm.
[am]-ri-i-li-[§u] / [DUMU] na-ra-am-e-[a] / IR e-
78. 82434A, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation. Obv. L
[a]/l[u] dDAM.GAL.NUN.NA
Amri-ilisu, son of Naram-Ea, servant of Ea and bot., UE, 20 mm.
Damgalnunna GIR.NI.SA6 DUMU dEN.Z[U-. . .]/iR dx X [...]
WI Girnisa, son of Sin-..., servant of ...
Unattributed
N.B. This reading of the personal name superseded
72. 16939, CT 47.46 (1), Ha 39, nursing con-
a previous one too late for me to change the seal
tract. LE top, 25 mm. numbering.
a-na-si-li-Au-e-mi-id/DuMu ha-zi-ru-um/[iR] dAN.
MAR.TU
79. 17064A, CT 47.42A (7), Ha 32, bequest.
Ana-sillisu-emid, son of Hazirum, servant of
Rev., 12-5 mm.
Il-Amurrum
[be-l e-su'-nu / [DUMU.MI] dEN.zu-mil-k[i]
W3
Belessunu, daughter of Sin-milki
Wll
73. 80544, Waterman 1916: 52, -/3/36, rental.
Obv. L, LE, 20-5 mm.
AN-KA-rfal/DUMU dEN.ZU-re-ril-[ba-am]/iR dBIL. 80. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Obv.
rGI1 (GIBIL6)/CrU1 dPA+ KU1 L mid./bot., rev., 22 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
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Bur-Sin, son of Sin-semi 20/12/24, litigation. Rev. Judge 3
KISIB bur-30 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. Obv. L
W3 mid., LE mid. W4

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
81. 82107, Dekiere 1994: 288, -/2/40, lease. Gimil-ilisu, son of Sin-e..., servant of ...
Frag., 15 mm. W5
rdal-mi-iq-i-li-r3<u / [DU]MU dEN.U-ma-g[ir] / iR
dM[AR.TU?] 87. 17063A, CT 47.40A (9), -/-/23, dowry. LE,
Damiq-ilisu, son of Sin-magir, servant of rev. bot., 17 mm.
Amurrum? ha-li-ia-rtum /DUMU.Mi ri-i -d[x X]/DAM a-bi-
Unattributed [ia?-tum?]
Halijatum, daughter of Rig-..., wife of
82A. 17448A, Dekiere 1994: 204, 18/3/21, lease. Abijatum
Obv. L, LE, 20 mm. Mother of W8 lends seal to ?
[e]-la-li/ DUMU e-a-ba-ni/ iR de-a / dNIN.SUBUR
Elali, son of Ea-bani, servant of Ea and Ilabrat 88. 82157, Dekiere 1994: 311, Ha 43, rental.
Wl
Obv., LE, LoE, 17 mm.
ha-am-rmul (between figures)
81017, CT 33.48B, 21/2/32, rental. Obv. L bot., Hammu
LE bot. Wl Unattributed
82B. 17064A, CT 47.42A (2), Gailani-Werr

89. 92501, Meissner 1893: 30, -/9/12, sale. Rev.
1988: 215 (2), Ha 32, bequest. Obv. L bot.,
L, 20 mm.
LE, 17 mm.
hu-za-lum / DUMU dAMAR.UTU-na-si-[ir] / iR dna-
rel.-la-rlil / [DUMU] e-a-ba-[ni] / iR dEN. [ZU] bi-[um]
Elali, son of Ea-bani, servant of Sin
Huzalum, son of Marduk-nasir, servant of
W5
Nabium
WT5
83. 17194A, CT 47.35A, 21/11/16, loan. UE,
17-5 mm.
90. 81707, CT 48.94, 16/1/2, hire. Obv. L, LE,
[den]-lil-na-si-[ir] / [DUMU DING]IR-§u-i-bi-Su / [iR]
12-5 mm.
drUTU?l
i-bid[... ]/DUMU [...]/iR[...]
Enlil-nasir, son of I1su-ibbisu, servant of SamaS?
Ibbi-..., son of PN, servant of ...
Debtor (Iltani d RiS-ugarim)?
Hired person (Ibni-Adad)?
84. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. Obv.

91. 82102, Dekiere 1994: 186, Ha 16, rent. Obv.
L top, 24 mm.
L, LE bot., 18 mm.
e-te-el-KA-[dna-bi]-um / DUMU sa-lim-pa-l[i-i]h-
1-bi-d?[ ...]/DUMU d[...]/iR dNIN.S[UBUR]
SU/IR dna-bi-um
Ibbi-..., son of PN, servant of Ilabrat
Etel-pi-Nabium, son of Salim-palihbu, servant
Unattributed
of Nabium.
W2. See also 57
92. 80305, CT 8.22C, Schorr 1913: 79, 21/10/35,
sale. LE top, RE, 15 mm.
82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7?/11,
[ig]-mil-[lum]
adoption. Obv. L top/mid., LE top/mid. W2 / DUMU im-gur-r[i-ia] / IR d[X]
Igmillum, son of Imgurija, servant of ...
17352A, Dekiere 1994: 132, Ha, inheritance.
UE. W2 Wl
85. 82393, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976: 190, 93. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation.
-/-/9, nursing contract. Obv. L mid./bot., Obv. L bot., LE bot., 22 mm.
23 mm. i-li-tu-kul-ti / DUMU tu-tu-ni-gu / iR dna-bi-um
er-se-ti-[ia?] / DUMU ku-ru-su-rum1 Ili-tukulti, son of Tutu-nisu, servant of Nabium
Ersetija, son of Kurrugum W3
W4
94. 80305, CT 8.22C, Schorr 1913: 79, 21/10/35,
86. 16939, CT 47.46 (2), Finkelstein 1976: 190, sale. LE bot., LoE, rev., 15-5 mm.
Ha 39, nursing contract. Obv. L bot., 20 mm. rpi-iq-da-[ra-ah-tum] / DUMU i-ti-ib-[libbagu] / iR
gi-mil-i-[li-su] / DUMU dEN.ZU-e-[.. .] /R di[. * d[...]

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
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84 85 86
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90 91 92
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93 94 95
Ipqu-[Arahtum], son of Itib-libbasu, servant of 95. 92575, CT 4.38C, 1/10/25, loan. Obv. L
bot., LE bot., 19 mm.
W3 i-pi-iq-AB.GAL /R dEN. rzul

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Ipqu-ersetim, servant of Sin ma?-ag?-ra?-[.. .] / DUMU na-dan?-[...]

Magra?...,
Father of creditor (Eristi-Aja, LUKUR dUTU) son of Na...
lends to ? Unattributed
96. 67324A, Dekiere 1994: 138, 28/-/1,102. 92575, CT 4.38 C, 1/10/25, loan. LoE, rev.
lease.
UE, rev., 20 mm. L, 21 mm.
i-pi-iq- x [(x)] / DUMU ia-bi-&u-um na-bi-d [...]/DUMU dUTU?-X [...] / [iR?...]
Ipiq-..., son of Iabisum Nabi-..., son of gama§?-..., servant of... ?
Unattributed
Seal shared: KI§IB dUTU-ra-bi, lessee (gamag-rabi
s Ak§aja)
W2 KI§IB er-se-ti-a (Ersetija) 103. 78766, Dekiere 1994: 257, Jea 34, inherit-
ance. Obv. L top, LE top, RE, 20 mm.
97. 82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7?/11, dSES.KI-MA. [AN.SUM] /DUMU na-ra-am-[. . .] / IR
adoption. Obv. L, 22 mm. Md dE[N. ZU?]/ U AN. MAR. [TU]
Nanna-mansum, son of Naram-..., servant of
li-bu-ra-[am] /DUMU hu-nu-bu-uml /iR E.BABBAR
Sin? and Il-Amurrum
Liburram, son of Hunnubum, servant of the
Ebabbar W1 (rabianum)
WE5 (i.DU8 in CT 4.49B etc., ga gagirm in See also TCL 1.99 (=Delaporte 1923: A 527),
Dekiere 1994: 165 etc.) Ha 35; VS 9.74, Ha 42 (DUMU dEN.ZU na-ra-
am-x) (courtesy M. Stol).
82441, Dekiere 1994: 180, 11/-/15, adoption.

LoE. WE5
104. 17069A, CT 47.39A (4), 7/5/25, sale. Obv.
L, LE, 17 mm.
See also TCL 1.69 (=Delaporte 1923: A 519);
ni-id-nu-sa / DUMU LU-dNIN.SUBUR-KA/riR? i
Ballerini 1908: 554; VS 8.124; Klengel-Brandt
dNIN.SUBUR?1
1989: No. 33a (courtesy M. Stol).
Nidnusa, son of Lu-Ninsubur.ka, servant of
Ilabrat
98. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, estate settlement. Rev.
W7
mid./bot., 20 mm.
rlul-u -ta-mar-dEN.rZU1 / DUMU a-rbul-um-wa-
105. 82139, Dekiere 1994: 228, Ha 27, lease.
rqarl / iR dAN.MAR.TU
LE, UE, 15 mm.
Lugtamar-Sin, son of Abum-waqar, servant of
[nu-u] r-dka[b-ta] / [DUMU a]-ha-am-a[r-§i] / [i]R
Il-Amurrum
dNIN.SI4.A[N.NA]
W3
Nuiir-Kabta, son of Aham-ar§i, servant of
Ninsianna
99. 16843A, CT 47.45A (1), Ha 37, lease. Obv. Lessee
L, LE, rev. L, 14 mm.
[d AMAR.UD-ta-ia-[ar] /DUMU bu-la-l[um] / IR dbu-106. 82393, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976:
ne-ne / dNIi. Sl.[SA] 190, -/-/9, nursing contract. Obv. L top,
Marduk-tajjar, son of Bulalum, servant of 22 mm.
Bunene and Nisisa (or Misarum) nu-tr-drUTu1 / DUMU si-ia-tum / R dAN.MAR.TU
GiR 1 (I§kur-mansum) uses his father's seal. Nuiir-Samas, son of Sijjatum, servant of
See also VS 8.114 (Ha 12) (courtesy M. Stol). Il-Amurrum
Wl
100. 17063A, CT 47.40A (6), Ha 23, dowry.
LE mid., LoE, 18 mm. 107. 82074, Dekiere 1994: 282, Ha 40, rent.
[m]a-si-ik-tum /DUMU.Mi ia-ri-im-i-srum] / [GEME] Obv. L, LE, RE, UE, 16-5 mm.
dUTU d[a-a] [p]i-ri-ih-i-[li-su] / [DUM]U DINGIR-wa-[tar] / IR ga
Masiktum, daughter of Iarim-Isum, servant-girl drIM?l
of gamas and Aja Piri'-iligu, son of Ilum-watar, servant of Adad?
W5 Lessee
108. 82348, CT 48.97 (T), 14/7/24, date-

101. 78812, Finkelstein 1976: 187, -/-/33, adop-
tion. LoE, 19-5 mm. cultivation contract. Rev. L bot., 12-5 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
X 1> -r- -u
,gw V 1 I
-9
96 97 98
99 100 101
Att 11
102 103 104
vy
~4 t7 T106
105 106 107
108 109 110
rri-is§-ir?-rra?' /DUMU dU[TU?-. . .]/iR d[...] 109. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, estate settlement.
Ris-Erra, son of Samas?-..., servant of ... Rev. bot., 17-5 mm.
Unattributed sa-[.. .]/DUMU X [...]/IR d[ . .] /U dEN.[...]

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Sa..., son of ..., servant of [Amurrum?] and Sin-..., son of ..., servant of ...
Sin? Unattributed
Unattributed
117. 82269, CT 6.44A, 1/2/43, rental. Obv. L,
110. 17460A, Dekiere 1994: 244, Ha 32, lease. LE, 18mm.
LoE, 17-5 mm. dUTU-ha-zi-[ir / DUMU a-pil-ku-rbil / IR drerl-[ra?]
dEN.zu-i-din-nam / [DUMU] imli-rik1d[EN.zU] / Samas-hazir, son of Apil-kiibi, servant of Erra
[iR] sa d[x] Wl (Samas-lamassasu) uses father's seal.
Sin-iddinam, son of Imlik-[Sin], servant of ... See also Klengel-Brandt 1989: 305, No. 51; 308,
Lessee No. 58b (courtesy M. Stol).
111. 82229, Dekiere 1994: 203, 1/8/20, rent.

118. 78812, Finkelstein 1976:187, -/-/33, adop-
Obv. L top, LE top, LoE, RE, 17-5 mm. tion. Obv. L mid., 11 mm.
dEN.ZU-i'-me-a-ni/DUMU dEN.ZU-ma-gir/ iR dna-
dUTU-UG5-TI.[LA] / [DUMU] e-tel-dEN.[ZU?]
bi-um / ud[x] Samas-mitam-uballit, son of Etel-Sin
Sin-ismeanni, son of Sin-magir, servant of W4 (Samas-liwwir) uses brother's seal.
Nabium and GN
Wl
119. 17082A, Dekiere 1994: 163, 14/-/11, sale.
Obv. L, rev., 21 mm.
112. 17069A, CT 47.39A (8), Gailani-Werr
duTu-e-me/DUMU na-bi-duTu / iR de-a
1988: 212 (8), 7/5/25, sale. LE mid./bot., RE
Samas-seme, son of Nabi-Samas, servant of Ea
top, 17 mm. WI
dEN.zu-ma-g[ir] / DUMU su-mi-a-hi-ia
Sin-magir, son of Sumi-ahija
120. 92501, Meissner 1893: 30, -/9/12, sale.
W10. See also YOS 5.162 (courtesy M. Stol).
Obv. L bot., LE, LoE, RE, 21 mm.
su-te-su-ra-[sum] / DUMU e-tel-KA-dna-bi-um] / iR
dna-bi-um
1988: 205 (1), 20/3/10, inheritance. Obv. L
Sutesurassum, son of Etel-pi-Nabium, servant
top, 18 mm.
of Nabium
[dE]N.ZU-ra-bi/ [DUMU] dEN.ZU-rKASKAL.KUR1-
WT6
[szU]/ iR dNIN.rSUBURI
Sin-rabi, son of Sin-tillassu, servant of Ilabrat
Recipient of bequest, pledgee (Kansassu- 121. 17434A, Dekiere 1994: 149, 21/4/7?, litiga-
matum LUKUR dUTU) uses her father's seal tion. Rev. L, 24 mm.
ta-ri-ib-DINGIR / DUMU i-na-qd-ti-dUTU / iR dMAR.
TU
114. 17440A, Dekiere 1994: 301, 1/11/41, sale.
Obv. L top/mid., LE top/mid., 18 mm. Tarib-ili, son of Ina-qati-Samas, servant of
Amurrum
dEN.Zu-re-rmel-[ni] /DUMU i-bi-dNI[N.SUBUR] / iR
drMAR.[TU] WI (DUB.SAR in CT 8.12A, 45.15 etc.)
Sin-remeni, son of Ibbi-Ilabrat, servant of
Amurrum? 122. 80892, Dekiere 1994: 292, 9/9/40, rental.
W2. See also CT 47.54 (2); Riftin 1937: 22a (IR LE, LoE, 22-5 mm.
dNIN.SU[BUR]) (courtesy M. Stol). tu-tu-nu-ri / DUMU.Mi ku-rbal-tumn / [GEME ... ?9]
Tutu-nuri, daughter of Ku-ba?-tum, [servant of
115. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. ... ?]
UE, 15 mm. Unattributed
dEN.ZU-ni-[. . .]
Sin-ni... 123. 82371, CT 6.44C, Schorr 1913: 167, -/
Annotation of seller: iR-dSES.rKI1 (Warad- 11/30, repayment contract. Rev. top, UE,
Nanna s [PN]) 21 mm.
u-bar-dUTU / DUMU DINGIR-na-da / iR dIM
116. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, estate settlement. Ubar-Samas, son of DINGIR-nada, servant of
Obv. L bot., 16-5 mm. Adad
dEN.ZU-[...]/DUMU d[ ../iR [...] Debtor 2

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
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111 12 113
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115 tfif
114 115 116
117 118 119
'V
120
120 121 122
f , _r/ .( ^ ) A i ,;v]
123 124
124. 17448A, Dekiere 1994: 204, 18/3/21, lease. iR-[i-li-u?]/DUMU dEN.ZU-m[a-gir] /iR dAN.MAR.
Obv. L, LE top, 22-5 mm. [TU]

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Warad-iligu, son of Sin-magir, servant of 132. 82393A, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976:
Il-Amurrum 190. LE, rev. bot., 18 mm.
Lessee (Warassa RA.GAB) [x]-mu-la-[(x)] / [DUMU] iR-dMAR.TU / [tR] dAN.
MAR.TU
82469, Dekiere 1994: 200, Ha 18/24, sale. LoE. .. .mula..., son of Warad-Amurrum, servant
W6 (Warassa) Il-Amurrum
17469A, Dekiere 1994: 212, 15/3/24, lease. Obv.
W6
L top, LE. Wl (Warassa)
17064A, CT 47.42A (3), 9/12/32, bequest. LoE. 133. 16835A, CT 47.32A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
W6 (Warassa)
208 (2), -/-/11, sale. Obv. L mid., rev. L
82260, Dekiere 1994: 251, la 32, lease. Obv. L,
bot., 25 mm.
LE. W2 (Warassa) DUMU we-du-um-li-bur?
Son of Wedum-libuir?
125. 80305, CT 8.22C, Schorr 1913: 79,
Unattributed
21/10/35, sale. LE mid., 14 mm.
iR-e[J4-t6r?] /DUMU a-di-an-[ni-a-am] / iR d[ ..]
Warad-Iftar, son of Adi-anniam, servant of ... 134. 16835A, CT 47.32A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
W4 208 (5), -/-/11, sale. Rev. bot., 25 mm.
IR dNIN.SUBUR/JR deS4-tar
126. 80128, CT 48.21, Ha, estate settlement. Servant of Ninsubur/Ilabrat, servant of IHtar
Obv. L top/mid., 21 mm. Unattributed
IR-dEN.ZU / DUMU ia-da-ah-DINGIR / IR dMAR.TU
Warad-Sin, son of Iadah-ilum, servant of 135. 17390, Dekiere 1994: 160, -/-/1 1, lease. LE
Amurrum top, 15 mm.
Wl [x]-X-ir-[. . .] / [DUMU?] dUTU-[...] / riRl X [.. .]
...ir..., [son of?] Samas-..., servant of ...
127. 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, 25/9/30, sale. Unattributed
Rev. mid./bot., 14 mm.
iR-X[...]/DUMU d[...] / iR d[...]
Warad-..., son of ..., servant of ...
1988: 209 (4), -/-/14, sale. Rev. L bot., 20 mm.
WE8?
[...] AN [X]/[DUMU DINGIR-slu-na-sir/[...]
128. 17064A, CT 47.42A (4), Ha 32, bequest. Wl? (Niir-Sahan son of Ilsu-nasir)
LoE, 18 mm.
sa-bu-um-i-l[i] / [DUMU? . .] / [iR ...] 137. 17440A, Dekiere 1994: 301, 21/11/16, sale.
Sabum-ili, [son of ..., servant of...] Rev. top, 19 mm.
Unattributed [...]/ DUMU [...]/ [iR E].BABBAR.RA?
[PN], son of [...], [servant of the E]babbar (?)
129. 78280, CT 45.20, Gailani-Werr 1988: 204 Unattributed
(1), -/-/9, sale. LE top, 21 mm.
AMA.RA?
138. 92595A, Dekiere 1994: 206, [xJ/9/21, sale.
W5 Annotation: dUTU-MA.AN.SUM (Utu- UE, 22 mm.
mansum s Sin-gamil) [DINGIR]-Su-i-bi-SU
Ilsu-ibbisu
130. 17056A, CT 47.27A (10), Gailani-Werr A son of Ilsu-ibbisu, either WI (Erra-muballit)
1988: 201 (10), Ha 4, sale. RE top, 20 mm. or W2 (Samas-bani).
DU[MU.M]i iR-i-li-su
Daughter of Warad-ilisu
Unattributed. Cf. Blocher 1992: Abb. 54, 90.
1988: 221 (7), -/-/23, dowry, LE bot., rev.
131. 17056A, CT 47.27A, Gailani-Werr 1988: top, 17 mm.
dEN.KI
201 (6), Ha 4, sale. LE bot., 22-5 mm.
dNIN.rLiL1 Unattributed
W7 Annotation: dUTU-ra-bi (Samas-rabi s

Warad-uba...) 140. 82469, Dekiere 1994: 200, Ha 18/24, sale.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
v R |-d<j
lIC*s<
~ 7 VI
I1t
(d A^ Tr
r^|.^~~~~~~ w126
~.V
125 126 127 128
4I
129 130 131
"'1
j '''
.AA -J \
ryrrvT I
132 133 134
135 136 137
138 139 140
LE bot. (frag.), 15 mm. 141. 82114, Dekiere 1994: 253, [x]/8/33, lease.
DUMU AN. [NA?] Obv. L bot., 15 mm.
Son of heaven za-bi-[...]
Unattributed, perhaps a god's seal. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
142. 17086A, Dekiere 1994: 290, Ha 40, litiga- W 1 KISIB dUTU-mu-ba-li-it (Samas-muballit s
tion. Obv. L bot., 19-5 mm. Ili-kimti)
UD.LUGAL, DINGIR, DINGIR
Unattributed 154. 82273, Waterman 1916: 12, -/-/13, rental.
Obv. L bot., 16 mm. Unattributed
143. 17440A, Dekiere 1994: 301, 1/11/41, sale.
Obv. L top, LE top, 17-5 mm. 155. 82064, CT 48.115, Ha 13, litigation. Obv.
[...]-a-an-[...]/rxl dUTU L bot., 20 mm. Unattributed
Unattributed
156. 17071A, CT 47.34A (5, 6), Gailani-Werr
144. 82270, Dekiere 1994: 306, Ha 42
1988: 211 (5-6), -/-/14, sale. LoE, 19 mm.
(Dumuzi), lease. Obv. L, LE, rev., UE, dUTU
20 mm.
Unattributed
da-a, UTU
[( . .)]/[ ...] [...]/[..] i [...] /[...] dUTU [...] 157. 17062A, CT 47.23A (3), Gailani-Werr
Unattributed
1988: 210 (3, 4), Ha 14, sale. LE, 22 mm.
W10 annotation Aksaki-i-din-nam (Ak§ak-
145. 16842A, Dekiere 1994: 316, 12/11/?, real-
iddinam s Sin-igmeanni)
estate exchange. UE, 21 mm.
W13 annotation pa-la-duTu (Pala-gamas s
dUTU UD UD
Unattributed
Ilsu-ibbisu)
146. 82501, CT 8.43A, Schorr 1913: 271, Ha, 158. 82043, Dekiere 1994:183, -/9/15, litigation.
lawsuit. Obv. L bot., 11 mm. Obv. L top, LE top, 20 mm.
WI annotation 30-e-ri-ba-am (Sin-eribam s
[dUTU?]-r l1-in-ma-r tim?1 / [DUMU n]a?-aw-rru?'-
um / [iRdN]IN.[X]
Ikun-pisa)
[Samas?]-in?-matim?, son of Nawrum?, servant 176, same seal mistakenly repeated)
(=
of...
Unattributed 82434A, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation, LE mid.,
rev. mid. WI
147. 92595A, Dekiere 1994: 206, [x]/9/2, sale. 92644, CT 8.35B, Ha, sale. LE, UE, rev. L,
Rev. L bot., 19 mm. 19 mm. W5 KISIB dEN.ZU-e-ri-ba-am
W8 annotation 30-ga-mil (Sin-gamil s Warad-
Sin) 159. 82101, Dekiere 1994: 186, Ha 16, rental.
UE, 18 mm. Unattributed
148. 80144, CT 48.3, [x]/3/6, litigation. LoE R,
21-5 mm. 160. 17440A, Dekiere 1994: 301, 21/9/16, sale.
W5 annotation na-ra-am-i-li-su (Naram-ilisu) Rev. L bot., 17 mm. Unattributed
149. 82393A, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976: 161. 82227, CT 4.20 C, Schorr 1913: 108, -/-/20,
190, -/-/9, nursing contract. LoE L, 18.5 mm. loan. LE, 22-5 mm.
W13 KISIB 30-na-sir (Sin-nasir s Putuja) dUTU da-a
W2 (Ibni-Enlil DUB.SAR)
150. 78280, CT 45.20, -/-/9, sale. Rev. top,
16-5 mm. Unattributed
92595A, Dekiere 1994: 206, [x]/9/21, sale. Obv.
L mid. W9
151. 82249, Dekiere 1994: 157, Ha 10, lease. LE
top, 17 mm. Unattributed
152. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. LE 1988: 212 (10), 7/5/25, sale. LoE, 19 mm.
top/mid., 11 mm. Seller 2 annotation dEN.zU-i-din-nam (Sin-
Unattributed annotation a-pa-a (names iddinam s Bur-Sin)
obscured) (Apaja)
153. 82062, CT 48.114, 15/6/13, cultivation 1988: 212 (11), 7/5/25, sale. Rev. L top,
contract. LE bot., 17-5 mm. 22 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
SEALING AND SEALS14 145
(I
141 142 143
P,P--
A It
y
i
144 145 146
A 147 148
A
149
LQj
ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
150
II
153 154 155
Annotation: dUTU-KASKAL-SU 164. 17069A, CT 47.39A (12), Gailani-Werr
W4/8 (Samag-tillassu s Siln-la4-ana-n) or 1988: 212 (12), 7/5/25, sale. Rev, top, 21 mm.
Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
~~~~~~~4fr~~~~,t"
156 157
158 161
159 160
162 163 164
165 166
165. 82411, CT 8.12C, Schorr 1913: 222, -/8/28, 166. 81017, CT 33.48b, 21/2/32, rental. LE top,
support contract. Obv. L mid., 12 mm. 16-5 mm. Unattributed
W4 annotation DUMU-UD.KIB.NUNki (Mar-
Sippar) 167. 78766, Dekiere 1994: 257, Ha 34, inherit-
W5 ? annotation [...]x-i-din-nam (...-iddinam) ance. UE, 17-5 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
W2 KISIB na-bi-duTU (Nabi-Samas s Bir-Sin) W3 KISIB UD.KIB.NUN bk-tib (Sippar-tab s Bu-

tu-um)
168. 82250, Dekiere 1994: 264, Ha 36, rental.
Obv. L, LE bot., 20 mm. 182. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation.
dUTU Rev. bot., 15-5 mm. Unattributed
WI annotation a-pil-i-li-su (Apil-ilisu s Ilsu-
nasir)
183. 17072, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 222
(5), Ha, house exchange. Rev. L mid., 20 mm.
169. 82340, Dekiere 1994: 287, Ha 40, lease.
W2 KISIB ipiq-da-a (Ipqu-Aja s Itur-kinum)
Obv. L, LE, UE, rev., 19 mm. Unattributed
170. 82399, Dekiere 1994: 242, 31/6/[x]. UE, 184. 17072, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 222
20 mm. Unattributed (4), Ha, house exchange. Obv. L top, 20 mm.
Wl KISIB: na-bi-duTu (Nabi-Samas s Ipqu-Aja)
171. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation.
Rev. mid., 15.5 mm. Unattributed 185. 17056A, CT 47.27A (1), Gailani-Werr
1988: 201 (2.5), Ha 4, sale. Obv. L top, LE,
172. 82501, CT 8.43A, Schorr 1913: 271, Ha, 24 mm.
litigation. Obv. L mid., 14 mm. UnattributedW8 annotation 30-i-na-ma-tim (Sin-ina-matim s
Aham-arsi)
173. 78756, Dekiere 1994: 328, Ha, bequest.
Obv. L top, LE top, UE, RE, 14-5 mm. 186. 17056A, CT 47.27A (2) Gailani-Werr
W1 KISIB mu-na-wi-rum (Munawwirum s [PN]) 1988: 201 (1, 7, 4), Ha, sale. Obv. L top, LE
top, 22 mm.
174. 17072, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 222
W3 annotation iR-dNIN.SUBUR (Warad-Ilabrat s
(8), Ha, house exchange. Rev. bot., 20 mm. Sin-ibni)
W4 KISIB im-gur-30 (Imgur-Sin s Sunabum (Su-
Nabium))
187. 17056A, CT 47.27A (7), Ha 4, sale. LoE
L, 19mm.
175. 92644, CT 8.35B, Ha, sale. LE, LoE, UE,
rev. R, 20 mm. W4/5 annotation ak-ka-dum (Akkadum s
Nanna-mansum)
W4 KISIB na-ra-am-i-li-su (Naram-ilisu s Ali-
hat-gamas)
176. 92644, CT 8.35B, Ha, sale. LE, UE, rev. 1988: 203 (6), -/-/7, sale. LoE L, 20 mm.
L, 19mm. W3 annotation 30-i-din-nam (Sin-iddinam s
W5 KISIB dEN.ZU-e-ri-ba-am (Sin-eribam s Ikun- Iddin-Samas)
pi§a) (from uncopied envelope)
In text surname reads U.MA-KA-sa 189. 82249, Dekiere 1994: 157, Ha 10, lease.
(same seal as 158) UE, 17-5 mm. Unattributed
177. 82064, CT 48.15, Ha 13, litigation. Obv. 190. 17390, Dekiere 1994: 160, -/-/I 1, lease. LE
L bot., 19 mm. Unattributed bot., 20 mm. Unattributed

191. 17047, Dekiere 1994: 164, 8/11/11, sale.
Obv. L top, LE top, 17 mm. Unattributed
Obv. L top/mid., 20-5 mm. Unattributed
179. 79984, Dekiere 1994: 198, -/-/18, lease. UE,
20 mm. da-a UTU. Unattributed 192. 17082A, Dekiere 1994: 163, 14/-/11, sale.
frag. Obv. L, 16 mm.
180. 79759, Dekiere 1994: 227, -/-/27, Lease. annotation DINGIR-su-mu-ba-li-it (Ilsu-
W3
Obv. L top/mid., 9-5 mm. Unattributed muballit s Samas-tappesu)
181. 17072, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 222 193. 82273, Waterman 1916: 12, -/-/13, rental.
(2), Ha, house exchange. LE, 19 mm. Obv. L top, LE top, 17-5 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
167 168
169 170
U,,17
171 172
LI
i\
173 174 175
176 177 178
dUTU da-a. Unattributed Father of adoptee KISIB dUTU-AN.DUL (Samas-

andulli s WA-titum)
194. 97108, Veenhof and Teissier 1994 (seal A),
Ha 18, adoption. Obv. L, LE, LoE L, 195. 17093A, CT 47.37A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
17-5 mm. 220, 27/12/18, loan. Obv. L, LE, rev., 15 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
I- I -g - 180 1-
180
179 181
182 183 184
185 186 187
?I
188 189 190
191 192 193
W4 KISIB be-el-qar-ra-ad
197. 82254, Dekiere 1994: 223, 5/12/26, lease. (
Obv. L, LE top, 19-5 mm.
196. 92595A,
DINGIR Dekiere 19
Obv. L bot., 19 mm. W1 annotation SIG-er-se-tim (Ipiq-ersetim s
dUTU. Unattributed Nur-Ba'u)

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
198. 17464A, Dekiere 1994: 236, Ha 30, lease. 201 (x), Ha 4, sale. RE mid., 17mm.
Obv. L, LoE, UE, 15 mm. Unattributed Unattributed
199. 78561, Meissner 1893: 64, 1/9/37, rental. 212. 17071, CT 47.34A (4, 10), Gailani-Werr
LoE, 12-5 mm. 1988: 211 (4-10), Ha 14, sale. UE, LE bot.,
DINGIR. Unattributed rev. L bot., 22 mm.
Seller annotation dUTU-be-el-DINGIR(Samas-
200. 80659, CT 8.40B, Schorr 1913: 118, 15/ bel-ili s Silli-Samas)
Ajari/38, rental. Obv. L, LE, UE, LoE, 9 mm.W4 annotation u-bar-duTu (Ubar-Sama§ s
Unattributed Nemelum)
W9 annotation pu-hu-um (Puiium s Sama§-
201. 60882, Dekiere 1994: 278, Ha 40, lease. imitti)
Obv. whole, LE, LoE, RE, 12-5 mm.
DINGIR. Unattributed 213. 82257, Dekiere 1994: 179, Ha 15, lease.
Obv. L top, LE, 17-5 mm. Unattributed
202. 17086A, Dekiere 1994: 290, Ha 40, litiga-
tion. LoE, RE, 19 mm. 214. 92647, Dekiere 1994: 237, 18/8/30, lease.
DINGIR with illegible signs between figures Obv. L, LE, UE, RE, 14 mm. Unattributed
Unattributed

203. 82230, Dekiere 1994: 295, Ha 41, lease.
Rev. top, 19-5 mm. Unattributed
LE, 19 mm. Unattributed
216. 82097, Dekiere 1994: 283, Ha 40, lease.

204. 82137, Dekiere 1994: 305, Ha 42, lease.
LE, rev. L bot., 19-5 mm.
LE, 12 mm.
Lessee KISIB 30-i-qi-sa-am (Sin-iqisam s Nur-
Annotation: mi-sa-rum-na-sir (Misarum-nasir,
ilisu)
PN not in text)
217. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. LE

205. 17072, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 222
top, 13 mm.
(7), Ha, house exchange. LoE, 22 mm.
Annotation: LU-dUTU (Awil-§ama§); unattrib-
Party in exchange: annotation e-ri-ba-am
uted, names broken
(Eribam s Puzur-Samas)
206. 92580, Dekiere 1994: 339, Ha, inheritance. 218. 82095A, Dekiere 1994: 156, -/-/10, lease.
LE top, 15-5 mm. Rev., 13 mm. Unattributed
Fragmentary cuneiform signs. Unattributed
219. 82249, Dekiere 1994: 157, Ha 10, lease.
207. 92594, Meissner 1893: 57, Ha 3 or Sin- LoE, 15 mm.
dUTU.
muballit 5, hire. UE, 19-5 mm. Unattributed Unattributed
208. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Rev. 220. 16815A, CT 47.27A (5), Gailani-Werr
top, 18 mm. Unattributed 1988: 209 (5), 1/-/14, sale. LE, 19 mm.
Seal 2 of Qis-nunu s of Sin-seme lent to
209. 82399, Dekiere 1994: 242, 31/6/[x], inher- unknown PN
itance. Obv. L, LoE, RE bot., rev. L, For Seal 1 see 246
18-5 mm. Unattributed.
Cf. the zig-zag pattern on the dress of the second92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. LoE R.
figure from the left with Gailani-Werr 1981: W2 (Qis-nunu)
56 (Samsuiluna). 17445A, Dekiere 1994: 191, Ha 17, sale. Obv.
L top, UE L. WI (Qis-nunu)
210. 17501, Dekiere 1994: 325, 30/-/-, rental.82434, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation. LE bot., rev.
LE bot., 10-5 mm. Unattributed bot. W2 (Qis-nunu)
80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation. Obv.
211. 17056A, CT 47.27A, Gailani-Werr 1988: L top/mid., LE. W5/6 (Qis-nunu)

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
& <2 ' , *

^\ i0 ° d- -^ L I )
i L
195
194 196
b;X.,; AM MIr /^J

197 198 199
It
200 201
202 204
O 1+ 207
205 206 207
221. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale. 223. 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation.
LE bot., 18 mm. LoE, 16 mm.
Unattributed, broken annotation 30-[...] W4 annotation mu-na-wi-rum (Munawwirum s
(Sin-... ) Ikun-pisa)
224. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale.

222. 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation.
Rev. top/mid., 13 5 mm. Unattributed Obv. L bot., rev. top/mid., 15-5 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Ila ^
208 209
a A
210 211 212
213 214 215
217
218
216
219 220
W10/9 annotation e-ri-ba-am (Eribam s Lessee (Zuzanum s Ibni-Samas) or W2 (Sakkut-

Samas-rabi) muballit s Elis-nadi)
225. 92573A, Meissner 1893: 11, -/-/16, loan. 227. 82195, Dekiere 1994: 235, [x]/9/29, lease.
LE, 21 mm. Unattributed Frag., 17-5 mm. Unattributed
228. 82137, Dekiere 1994: 305, Ha 42, lease.

226. 82254, Dekiere 1994: 223, 5/12/26, lease.
LoE, 19-5 mm. UE, 10 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
229. 82459, CT 48.49 (T), 20/4/2, support/mar-

Seal of W2 Su-abusu (see below) lent to W8
riage agreement. Obv. L, LE, 20 mm. annotation 30-ri-me-ni (Sin-remeni s Ribam-
W7 KISIB i-li-e-ri-ba-am (Ili-eribam s Nabium- ili)
sar-...)
W3? KISIB a-bu-[...] (Abu-...) 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation. Rev.
bot. W5 annotation DINGIR-su-a-bu-su (Ilsu-
230. 80842, Dekiere 1994: 148, Ha 7, lease. UE, abusu s Samas-gamil)
242. 17440A, Dekiere 1994: 301, 21/11/16, sale.
231. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. LE LoE L, 19 mm.
mid., 10 mm. Unattributed DINGIR
W4 annotation SES'.KI-tum (Nannatum s Ana

232. 17047A, Dekiere 1994: 164, 8/11/11, sale. Sin-taklaku)
UE, rev. L bot., 16 mm. Illegible annotation
243. 80144, CT 48.3, [x]/8/6, litigation. L
233. 17194, CT 47.35A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 219 L, 21 mm.
(2), 21/11/16, loan. Obv. L top, LE, 17 mm. W3 (Bur-Sin, Judge)
W KISIB SIG-a-ra-ah-tim (Ipqu-Arahtum s
Dala) 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation.
Obv. L mid., LE top/mid.
234. 78812, Finkelstein 1976: 187, -/-/33, adop-
Judge 3 annotation bur-sin
tion. Obv. L top, LE top, 16-5 mm. (Bir-Sin s Sililum)
W1 annotation SIG-dIM (Ipqu-Adad) 82434, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation. LE bot., rev.
bot. Judge 5 (Buir-Sin)
235. 82270, Dekiere 1994: 306, Ha Dumuzi/42, 82501, CT 8.43A, Schorr 1913: 271, Ha, litiga-
lease. LoE, 17-5 mm. Unattributed tion. Obv. L top. W2 (Bur-Sin)
236. 92580, Dekiere 1994: 339, Ha, inheritance. 244. 82266, Dekiere 1994: 246, 1/2/32, rental.
LE bot., 17 mm. Unattributed Obv. L, 16-5 mm. Unattributed
237. 82402A, Dekiere 1994: 337, Ha [x]/10/?. 245. 17436A, Dekiere 1994: 137, Ha 1, inherit-
Obv. L mid., LE, 20 mm. Unattributed ance. Obv. L mid., 21-5 mm.
W2 KISIB qi-is-nu-nu (Qis-nunu s Sin-seme) (seal
238. 82095, Dekiere 1994: 156, -/-/10, lease. LE 1). For seal 2 see 221
top, 14-5 mm. Unattributed
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1981: 59a from Sippar. 246. 16841A, CT 47.25A (6), Gailani-Werr
1988: 200 (6), Ha 3, sale. Rev., UE L, 24 mm.
239. 16842A, Dekiere 1994: 316, 12/11/?, real- W8 (DUB.SAR) KISIB 30-re-me-ni (Sin-remeni)
estate exchange. Obv. L bot., LE, 19 mm.
W2 KISIB ib-[ni]-dMAR.rTU1 (Ibni-Amurrum s 247. 17056A, CT 47.27A (11), Ha 4, sale.
Nuiir-Samas) UE, 16mm.
DINGIR
240. 16844A, CT 47.24A (2), Gailani-Werr Seller 2 annotation im-gur-30 (Imgur-S

1988: 209 (1), Ha 3, litigation. Obv. L mid., Sin-remeni)
20 mm.
Judge 4 KISIB MI-dUTU (Silli-Sama s Ahum- 248. 17056A, CT47.27A, Ha 4, sale. LoE L,
waqar) 16-5 mm.
W6 annotation na-bi-duTu (Nabi-Samas s Ili-
16815A, CT 47.22A (1 ),-/-/14, litigation. Obv. maliki)
L bot., LE. W6 annotation MI-dUTU
80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation. LE 249. 80144, CT 48.3, [x]/8/6, litigation. Obv. L
mid/bot. W8 annotation sil-li-dUTU bot., 19-5 mm.
W6 annotation 30-na-sir (Sin-nasir, father of
241. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale. Warad-Sin, Asqudum, Beltani, Taram-
Rev. top, 17 mm. Ulmas, parties)

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
kl
fA
221 222 223
224 225 226
11
I I I
228
227 229
I L
,,J 231 A\
230
232
234
233 235
250. 16824A, CT 47.29A (3), Gailani-Werr 251. 17047A, Dekiere 1994: 164, 8/11/11, sale.
1988: 203 (3), -/-/7, sale. Obv. L bot., 23 mm.
LE bot., obv. L bot., 17-5 mm.
W6 annotation 30-i-din-nam (Sin-iddinam s W3/4 KISIB dUTU-we-de-ku (Samas-wedeku s
Iddin-Samas) Samas-seme)

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SEALING AND SEALS15 155
~2V
4-\
236 237 238
.01! 4;2
.,Zht,
1t
239 240 241
242 243
244 245
1 1 v
i
r
!iI
246 247
252. 17082, Dekiere 1994: 163, 14/-I 11, sale. 253.

UE, 1 1 mm. Unattributed UE L, LE top, 20 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
248 249 250
el?
-w /
252
251 253
254 255 256
257 258 259
261
260 262
262
254. 16835A, CT 47.32A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 255. 82064, CT 48.15, Ha 13, litigation. LE
208 (3), Ha 11, sale. Obv. L bot., 23 mm. bot., 21-5 mm.
Unattributed dUTU. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
256. 17071A, CT 47.34 (3), Gailani-Werr 1988: 269. 81272, Dekiere 1994: 263, 10/-/35, lease.
211 (3), Ha 14, sale. Obv. L bot., 22 mm. LoE, 13 mm. Unattributed
W3 annotation se-rum-i-li (Serum-ili s Niuhija)
270. 17470A, Dekiere 1994: 309, -/-/43, lease.
257. 17062A, CT 47.23A (10), Gailani-Werr Obv. L top, LE top, 16-5 mm. Unattributed
1988: 210 (10), Ha 14, sale. UE, 8-5 mm.
Unattributed 271. 17501, Dekiere 1994: 325, 30/-/-, rental.
Rev. L, 16 mm. Unattributed
258. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15. LE
mid., rev. L mid., 18 mm. 272. 92638A, Dekiere 1994: 341, Ha, sale. Obv.
W9 annotation fel-[mu]-fuql-su-da-ran1 L mid., 15-5 mm.
Seller or W12 (probably seller) [KISIB] ri-ri-
(Emuqsu-dan s Sin-iqisam) lends to Seller
annotation UTU-be-el-i-li (Samas-bel-ili sdTU (Ris-Samas s Sala)
Silli-Samas)
273. 67324A, Dekiere 1994: 138, 28/-/1, lease.
82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation. LE, 13 mm.
LoE. W11 annotation e-mu-uq-rsu-dal-[an] Unattributed, broken KISIB x x rtil/hu? [...]
259. 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation. 274. 16827A, CT 47.28A (2), Gailani-Werr
LE mid./bot., 17-5 mm. Unattributed 1988: 202 (2), 2?/7/7, sale. Rev. L mid.,
25 mm. Unattributed
260. 82232, Dekiere 1994: 307, lease. Obv. L,
LE, LoE, 18-5 mm.
275. 17434A, Dekiere 1994: 149, 21/4/7?, litiga-
tion. LoE L, 17-5 mm. Unattributed
W2 annotation ib-ni-dEN.LiL (Ibni-Enlil)
276. 82499, Waterman 1916: 38, -/-/11, loan.
261. 82068, Dekiere 1994: 192, Ha 17, lease. LE, 20 mm. Unattributed
LoE L, 12 mm. Unattributed
277. 82377, Dekiere 1994: 175, 24/9/17, lease.
262. 82068, Dekiere 1994: 192, Ha 17, lease. Obv. whole, RE, 11 mm. Unattributed
LE, 19 mm. Unattributed
263. 82128, Dekiere 1994: 205, 1/7/21, rental. 1988: 211 (1), Ha 14, sale. LoE, 25mm.
RE bot., 15-5 mm. Unattributed W12/1
264. 82128, Dekiere 1994: 205, 1/7/21, rental. 17071A, CT 47.34A (1), Ha 14, sale. Obv. L
LE, UE, 18-5 mm. Unattributed top, LE top. WI annotation sar-rum-dIM
(Sarrum-Adad s Ili-bani)
265. 82254, Dekiere 1994: 223, 5/12/26, lease.
UE, rev. L, 17-5 mm. 279. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale.
W3 annotation 30-i-din-nam (Sin-iddinam s Obv. L bot., 15 mm. Unattributed
Etel-pi-Sin)
266. 17475A, Dekiere 1994: 218, -/-/26, lease. Obv. L bot., LE bot., 20 mm.
Obv. L, 16 mm. Unattributed W7 annotation nu-ur-i-li-su (Nir-ilisu s Sin-
ublam)
267. 78766, Dekiere 1994: 257, Ha 34, inherit-
ance. Rev. bot., 17 mm. 281. 79984, Dekiere 1994: 198, -/-/18, lease. LE,
dUTU 15-5 mm. Unattributed
W6/3 KISIB mu-ha-du-um (Muhadd'um s Ilsu-
bani) 282. 17093A, CT 47.37A, Ha 18, loan. LoE,
14-5 mm.
268. 78766, Dekiere 1994: 257, Ha 34, inherit- W2 KISIB sa-ri-a (Sarija s Belsunu)
ance. Obv. L mid./bot., 18-5 mm.
W3 KISIB ka-lu-rmu1-[um] (Kalumum s Ilabrat- 283. 82100, Dekiere 1994: 199, Ha 18, rental.
nasir) Obv. L top, 8 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
I -A f0_'s0L
Stf t 01\;I
263 264 265
266 267 268
269 270 271
273
272 274
t\
277
275 276
284. 92595A, Dekiere 1994: 206, [x]/9/21, sale. 285. 17063A, CT 47.40A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
LoE R, 17-5 mm. 221(5), Ha 23, dowry. LE top, 20 mm.
Seller annotation dUTU-IGI-ma-tim (Samas-ina- W3 KISIB 30-na-sir (Sin-nasir s Nabi-ilisu)
matim s Sabibum)

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
.,
Y&
I.
..;..
0 , i; ~
.- ):
i
278 279 280
Gc cJ
282 283
281
-^
28L
284 285 286
16^
288
287 289
290 2 !9 1 292
286. 17063A, CT 47.40A (2, 3), Gailani-Werr Parties, sons of Ipiq-Adad

1988: 211 (2, 3), Ha 23, dowry. Obv. L mid., Annotation 30-e-ri-ba-am (Sin-eribam s Ipiq-
15 mm. Unattributed Adad)
Annotation dUTU-ba-ni (Samas-bani s Ipiq-
287. 17098A, Dekiere 1994: 226, Ia 27, inherit- Adad)
ance. Obv. L mid., LE mid., 17 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
295
293 294
F A
296 297 298
299
300
301
302 303
I3^
304
305
305 306 307
288. 82340, Dekiere 1994: 287, Ha 40, lease. 289. 82233, Dekiere 1994: 307, -/2/42, lease. LE,
Obv. L bot., LE bot., LoE, rev. bot., 15 mm. 18-5 mm. Unattributed
dUTU da-a. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
290. 17072A, CT 47.50A, Gailani-Werr 1988: 303. 17046A, CT 47.31A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
222 (1), Ha, house exchange. Obv. L top, LE 207 (2), 10/5/11, litigation. LE top, 16mm.
top, 18 mm. Unattributed Unattributed
291. 92580, Dekiere 1994: 339, Ha, inheritance. 304. 16835A, CT 47.32A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
Obv. L top, LoE, 17 mm. Unattributed 208 (4), Ha 11, sale. Rev. L top, 32mm.
Unattributed
292. 17401A, Dekiere 1994: 321, Ha [x]. Obv.
L, 14-5 mm. Broken cuneiform sign 305. 82273, Waterman 1916: 12, -/-/13, rental.
KISIB? MAS AN TI? Unattributed Rev. L bot., 20-5 mm. Unattributed
293. 16841A, CT 47.25A (5), Gailani-Werr 306. 82262, Dekiere 1994: 174, 5/5/14, lease.
1988: 200 (5, 6), Ha 3, sale. LoE, 17 mm. LoE, 20 mm. Unattributed
dUTU 307. 17062A, CT 47.23A (8), Gailani-Werr

W2 KISIB dUTU-i-di-[na-am] (Samas-iddinam s 1988: 210 (8), -/x/14, sale. Rev. L top, 23 mm.
Eribam) W5/7 annotation ib-ni-dSUMUQAN (Ibni-Sahan s
Ribam-ili)
92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Rev.
bot. W2
308. 17071A, CT 47.34A (7), -/-/14, sale. Rev.
L top, 13 mm.
294. 80144, CT 48.3, -/8/6, litigation. Obv. L
mid., 23-5 mm. Unattributed
W6 annotation ip-qu-sa (Ipqusa s Adajatum)
309. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale.

295. 17434A, Dekiere 1994: 149, 21/4/7, litiga-
Obv. L top, LE top, 17 mm.
tion. Obv. whole, 17-5 mm.
W1 annotation mu-na-wi-rum (Munawwirum s
dUTU da-a. Unattributed
Ikuin-pisa)
1988: 203 (4), -/-/7, sale. LE mid., 22 mm.
Rev. L top/mid., 18 mm.
W9 annotation i-li-i-din-nam (Ili-iddinam s Za-
WT14 annotation e-ri-ib-e-a (Erib-Ea s Sin-
li?-lu?-um)
eribam)
1988: 203 (7), -/-/7, sale. LoE R, 19 mm. 311. 17069A, CT 47.39A (3, 7), Gailani-Werr
Unattributed annotation [x]-du-tim (...dutim) 1988: 212 (3-7), 7/5/25, sale. Obv. L mid.,
LE mid., 18 mm. Unattributed
298. 78280, CT 45.20, -/-/9, sale. Rev. bot.,
14-5 mm. 312. 17098A, Dekiere 1994: 226, Ha 27, inherit-
DINGIR. Unattributed ance. Obv. L top, 17 mm. Unattributed
Cf. Blocher 1992: No. 319 (Apil-Sin)
299. 16853, Dekiere 1994: 158, -/8/10, sale. LE
bot., 10 mm. 313. 79759, Dekiere 1994: 227, -/-/27, lease. UE,
Unattributed, names broken, annotation 30-e- 10 mm. Unattributed
[...] (Sin-e...)
314. 78812, Finkelstein 1976:187, -/-/33, adop-
300. 17045A, CT 47.30A (5), Gailani-Werr tion. Obv. L bot., 15-5 mm.
1988: 205 (5), Ha 10, bequest. Rev. L mid., W6/3 annotation ib-ni-dIM (Ibni-Adad s Sin-
22 mm. iqisam)
W7/8 KISIB ir-ra-ia (Irraja s Sallurum)
315. 78812, Finkelstein 1976: 187, -/-/33,
301. 82499, Waterman 1916: 38, -/-/11, loan. adoption. LE bot., 18-5 mm.
LE mid, LoE, 20-5 mm. Unattributed W7 annotation be-li-qar-ra-ad (Beli-qarrad s
Sin-iqisam)
302. 17046A, CT 47.31 A, Gailani-Werr 1988:
207 (1), 10/5/11, litigation. Obv. L top, LE 316. 82250, Dekiere 1994: 264, Ha 36, rental.
top, 16 mm. Unattributed Rev. bot., 19 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Unattributed annotation 30-gim-la-an-ni (Sin- Unattributed annotation rpu-zur81-duTu (Puzur-

gimlanni, PN not in text) Samas, PN not in text)
317. 82419, CT 8.43B, Schorr 1913: 217, -/-/41, 329. 92575A, CT 4.38C, 1/10/25, loan. UE,
gift. UE, 25 mm. Unattributed 17-5 mm.
Debtor I annotation ipiq-da-a (Ipqu-Aja)

318. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation.
Rev. top, 19 mm. Unattributed 330. 78812, Finkelstein 1976:187, -/-/33, adop-
tion. LE mid., 19-5 mm.
319. 16842A, Dekiere 1994: 316, 12/11/?, Unattributed annotation 30-i-din-nam (Sin-
exchange. Rev. L bot., 17-5 mm. iddinam, PN not in text)
W3 annotation DINGIR-su-na-sir (Ilsu-nasir s
Ibni-Samag) 331. 78812, Finkelstein 1976:187, -/-/33, adop-
tion. LoE, 18 mm.
320. 92591, Dekiere 1994: 340, 8/10/?, rental. W5 annotation 30-ma-gir (Sin-magir s
LoE, 18-5 mm. Eribam)
W2/3 KISIB i-bi-30 (Ibbi-Sln)
332. 82097, Dekiere 1994: 283, Ha 40, lease.
321. 92638B, Dekiere 1994: 341, Ha, sale. Obv. Obv. L top, LE top, 9 mm.
L top/mid., LE top/mid., 15 mm. W3 KISIB ra-bal-tad-bi (Abba-tabum s IMu-
Wl KISIB am-ri-i-li-su (Amri-ilisu s Naram-Ea, ibbisu)
UGULA E)
W2 KISIB ia-ti-AN (Iati-ilu s Apil-Sln) 333. 16842A, Dekiere 1994: 316, 12/11/?.,
W7 KISIB i-rtur-as-dul-um (Ituir-asdum s Ilima- exchange. Rev. L mid., 18-5 mm.
rabcum) W6 annotation a-pil-DINGIR-su (Apil-ilisu s
W8 KISIB i-li-ia-x x (Ili-abu-Sin) Sin-remeni)
Wl 1 KISIB ki-ma-ra1-hu-um (Kima-ahum)
334. 92661A, Dekiere 1994: 140, 15/11/1, litiga-
322. 17056A, CT 47.27A, Ha 4, sale. UE tion. Obv. L bot., LE bot., LoE, 19-5 mm.
mid., 15 mm. W7 KISIB si-ia-rtum1 (Sijjatum s Sabaja)
Seller 3 annotation 30-id-di-nam (Sin-iddinam s
Sin-remeni) 335. 80842, Dekiere 1994: 148, Ha 7, lease. LE,
323. 82417, Dekiere 1994: 152, Ha 9/33, sale.
Rev. L mid., 16-5 mm. Unattributed 336. 16824A, CT 47.29A (5), Gailani-Werr
1988: 202 (3), 2/7/7, sale. UE, LE bot.,
324. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Rev. 20 mm.
top/mid., 18 mm. W7 annotation na-ah-mu-um- da-gan (Nah-
W7 annotation DINGIR-KA-sa (Annum-pisa s mum-Dagan s Sin-iqisam)
Lipit-Sin)
337. 78280, CT 45.20, Gailani-Werr 1988: 204
325. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. Rev. (2), -/-/9, sale. LE bot., 23 mm. Unattributed
mid./bot., 16-5 mm.
WI 1/8 na-bi-duTu (Nabi-Samas s Awil-ili) 338. 78280, CT 45.20, -/-/9, sale. Obv. L bot.,
16-5 mm.
326. 97108, Veenhof and Teissier 1994 (seal C), W6 annotation UHkii-di-nam (Akgak-iddinam s
Ha 18, adoption. Obv. L, LE, 13-5 mm. Aham-arsi)
W4 KISIB ib-ni-dISK[UR] (Ibni-Adad s Apakia)
339. 82249, Dekiere 1994: 157, Ha 10, lease. LE
327. 92595A, [x]/9/21, Dekiere 1994: 206, sale. mid., 23 mm. Unattributed
Rev. L top, 16 mm.
W7 annotation dEN.Zu-re-me-ni (Sin-remeni s 340. 82249, Dekiere 1994: 157, Ha 10, lease. LE
Adad-pilah) bot., 18 mm. Unattributed
328. 92595A, [x]/9/21, Dekiere 1994: 206, sale. 341. 17047, Dekiere 1994: 164, 8/11/11, sale.
LoE L, 20 mm. Rev. L top, 15-5 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
1ML)
308 309
310
aga
311 312 313
314
315
316
J{
318 319
317
320 321 322
W4/5 KISIB dUTU-i-din-nam (Samas-iddinam s Unattributed annotation LU-dUTU (Awil-Samas,

...-til) PN not in text)
343. 82262, Dekiere 1994: 174, 5/5/14, lease.
342. 82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28
Obv. L mid./bot., 17 mm. Unattributed
adoption, pledge. LE top/mid., 18-5 m
Unattributed annotation ir-i-li-su
344. 17441A, Dekiere 1994: 170, -/-/14, sale. (Warad
LE
PN not in text) bot., 17i5 mm. Broken cuneiform signs

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
2
323 324 325
L i l
326 327 328
C3
329 30 331
332
33 334
335
336 337
WE2 KISIB ib-ni-dEN.ZU (Ibni-Sln s Samas-...) 347. 17057A, Dekiere 1994: 189, Ha 16, sale.
Cf. Blocher 1992: No. 127 (Sabium) RE top, 15-5 mm. Unattributed
345. 82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation. 348. 82102, Dekiere 1994: 186, HIa 16, rental.
Obv. L mid., 16 mm. Unattributed LoE, 15 mm. Unattributed
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: PI. 23: 4 (pre-Ha);
346. 92584, Dekiere 1994: 181, Ha 15, sale. LoE Blocher 1992: Nos. 61 (Buntahtun-ila), 309
L, 18 mm. Unattributed (Apil-Sin).

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
338 340
339
341
342 343
34344
346
347 348 349
351
350 352
349. 81368,
Frag., 15-5 mm. Frag., 22 mm. Unattributed
Wl KISIB ni-id-nu-sa (Nidnusa s Nur-_d...) Cf. Blocher 1992

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
351. 82068, Dekiere 1994: 192, Ha 17, lease. W4 annotation 1u-sa6.ga (Lu-saga s Warad-
LoE R, 13 mm. Unattributed Kubi)
352. 82434A, CT 48.8, -/-/18, litigation. Obv. 365.

L 17501, Dekiere 1994: 325, 30/-/-, rental.
top/mid., 18 mm. Unattributed Rev. R, 16 mm. Unattributed
353. 97108, Veenhof and Teissier 1994 (seal D), 366. 80098, Dekiere 1994: 135, Ha, litigation.
Ha 18, adoption. LoE L, 18-5 mm. UE, 20 mm. Unattributed
WI KISIB DINGIR-su-ib-ni (Ilsu-ibnisu s Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: PI. 1 9 (19) from Tell
WA-titum) Harmal
354. 97108, Veenhof and Teissier 1994 (seal B), 367. 17352A, Dekiere 1994: 132, Ha, inherit-
Ha 18, adoption. Obv. L mid, LE mid., ance. LE top, 15 mm. Unattributed
17-5 mm.
W2 KISIB su-mu-um-li-ib-si (Sumum-libsi s Sin- 368. 17436A, Dekiere 1994: 137, Ha 1, inherit-
iqigam) ance. LE mid., 19 mm. Unattributed
W3 KISIB DINGIR-su-i-bi-su (Ilsu-ibbisu s Ilum-
369. 80144, CT 48.3, [x]/8/6, litigation. LE
damiq)
bot., 16-5 mm.
355. 82229, Dekiere 1994: 203, 1/8/20, rental. Party (son of Sin-nasir) annotation [a§-q]u-du-
Obv. L bot., LE bot., 18 mm. Unattributed um (Agqudum s Sin-nasir)
370. 80144, CT 48.3, [x]/8/6, litigation. LE

356. 82431, CT 6.47B (T), Westbrook 1988:
bot., 16-5 mm. Unattributed
118, 20/12/24, litigation. Obv. L top, LE top,
19 mm. Unattributed
371. 82393, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976:
190, -/-/9, adoption. Rev. L top, 24 mm.
357. 17069A, CT 47.39A (6), Ha 23/25, sale.
W9 KISIB ia-ar?-hs?-AN (Iar§i-AN s Sin-remeni)
LE top, 15 mm. Unattributed
372. 82393, CT 48.70 (T), Finkelstein 1976:
358. 92575A, CT 4.38C, 1/-/25, loan. UE L,
190, -/-/9, adoption. Rev. L mid., 11 5 mm.
18-5 mm.
W10 KISIB di-sum-ba-ni (Isum-bani s Kiu-
Debtor 2 annotation SIG-qa-tum (Ipqatum)
dNanna)
359. 17475A, Dekiere 1994: 218, -/-/26, lease. 373. 82417, Dekiere 1994: 152, Ha 9/33, sale.
Rev., 13-5 mm. Unattributed Rev. L bot., 17 mm. Unattributed
360. 79879, Dekiere 1994: 254, -/ezen dIskur/33,374. 82085, Dekiere 1994: 155, Ha 10, lease. LE
lease. Obv. L top, LE top, UE, 12 mm. top, 23 mm.
Unattributed W2 KISIB GEME-dUTU (Amat-Samag d Iddin-
Dagan)
Obv. L top, LE top, 17 mm. 375. 82377, Dekiere 1994: 175, 24/9/17, lease.
Unattributed annotation mu-ha-di-tum Obv. L bot., 17-5 mm. Unattributed
(Muhadditum, PN not in text)
376. 82129, Dekiere 1994: 225, 25/12/26, rental.
362. 78734, Dekiere 1994: 281,-/-/40, rental.
Obv. L, 11 mm.
Frag., 15-5 mm. Unattributed Tenant annotation e-tam-fi-a-dAMAR.UTU
(E-tamgia-Marduk s Warad-Sin)
363. 92591, Dekiere 1994: 340, 10/8/?, rental.
Obv. L top, UE, rev. bot., 14-5 mm. 377. 79759, Dekiere 1994: 227, -/-/27, lease. LE
Unattributed top/mid., LoE?, 11 mm. Unattributed
364. 16842A, Dekiere 1994: 316, 12/11/?, 378. 92647, Dekiere 1994: 237, 18/8/30, lease.
exchange. Rev. L top, 13 mm. Rev., 13 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Xe(u-
3 5
A(
354 355
353
357 358
356
I
260
361
359
I If, I 363I
362 363
,-
364
365 366
379. 82419, CT 8.43B, Schorr 1913: 217, -/-/41, W6 KISIB u-bar-duTu (Ubar-Samas s Nemelum)
gift. Obv. L bot., 14-5 mm. Unattributed Unattributed KISIB LU-dUTU (Awil-Samag, PN
not in text)
380. 82137, Dekiere 1994: 305, Ha 42, lease.
Unattributed KISIB sa bi-x- (ga Bi..., PN not
Obv. L, 11 mm.
in text)
DINGIR, DINGIR? Unattributed
Cf. Frankfort 1955: Nos. 906, 907 (Diyala) for
381. 92661A, Dekiere 1994: 140, 15/11/1, litiga- the lion-demon.
tion. Obv. L, LE, UE, 10 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
367
368 370
369
/
372
373
371
374
375
376
377
7ku
379 380
378
381 382
382. 17436A, Dekiere 1994: 137, Ha 1, inherit- 383. 82417, Dekiere 1994: 152, Ha 9/33, sale.
ance. Obv. L top, LE top, 20 mm. Rev. L top, 20-5 mm.
Wl KISIB na-bi-dUTU (Nabi-Samag s Zakaja) W5 annotation i-di-sum (Idisum s Abum-waqar)

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u384
'tA
385
383 384 385
(A
388
386
387
^fr. _
389 390 391
392 393 394
397
395 396
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: Nos. 20c, 21b (Tell 386. 82062, CT 48.114, 15/6/13, cultivation
Harmal IV) for the figure holding the contract. Obv. L top, LE top, 16 mm.
weapon. Lessee KISIB ni-id-na-tum (Nidnatum)
387. 82062, CT 48.114, 15/6/13, cultivation

384. 17434A, Dekiere 1994: 149, 21/4/7?, litiga-
contract. Rev., 17-5 mm.
tion. Rev. L mid./bot., 15-5 mm.
DINGIR, DINGIR, broken sign. Unattributed
Unattributed
385. 82499, Waterman 1916: 38, -/-/11, loan. 1988: 210 (9), -/10/14, sale. Rev. L bot.,
UE R, 16 mm. Unattributed 16 mm.

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
wiM Lk
398 399
400 401 402
>
/4\
404
405
403
% j|
406 407 408
411
409
410
W6/9 annotation 30-na-sir (Sin-nasir s W4 annotation DINGIR-su-a-bu-gu (Il§u-abu§u s

Ennam-Sin) Samas-gamil) lends to neighbour annotation
duTu-na-sir (Sama§-nasir)
389. 17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale.
17438A, Dekiere 1994: 182, -/8/15, sale. Obv. L
UE R, 10 mm. Unattributed
mid. W2 annotation DINGIR-&u-a-bu-§u
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: No. 131 i (Tell Dhiba'i),
82043, Dekiere 1994: 183, -/9/15, litigation. Rev.
Blocher 1992: No. 8.
top. W5 annotation DINGIR-§u-a-bu-su
390. 17062A, CT 47.23A (2, 5), Gailani-Werr 391. 82232, CT 4.12B, -/-/16, loan. UE, 17 mm.
1988: 210 (2), Ha 14, sale. Obv. L bot., LE WI annotation hia-da-su (Ili-hada Su.i s Il§u-
bot., 14 mm. bani)

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
~~~~~B/~~~~~~~~~~ iK
413
412 413
414
416
417
415
420
418 419
)
422 424
422 423
421
392. 17057A, Dekiere 1994: 189, Ha 16, sale. 396. 82320, Dekiere 1994: 262, Ha 35, lease.
Rev. L top, 18-5 mm. Obv. L, LE, 14 mm. Unattributed
W1 KISIB ta-ri-bu-um (Taribum s Qurussa)
W4 KISIB iR-30 (Warad-Sin s Taribum) 397. 82391, Dekiere 1994: 274, 25?/2/38, lease.
Rev., 8 mm. Unattributed
393. 82227, CT 4.20C, Schorr 1913: 108,
398. 80892, Dekiere 1994: 292, 9/9/40, rental.
-/-/20, loan. Obv. L mid., UE, 15-5 mm.
Debtor annotation IR-dMAR.TU (Warad- RE, 9-5 mm. Unattributed
Amurrum s Ibni-Adad) Cf. for large symbols Frankfort 1955: No. 927
(Ishchali); 771 (Asmar).
394. 17098A, Dekiere 1994: 226, Ha 27, inherit-
ance. Obv. L top/mid., 14 mm. Unattributed 399. 80892, Dekiere 1994: 292, 9/9/40, rental.
Rev., 10-5 mm. Unattributed
395. 82063, Dekiere 1994: 249, 5/12/32, lease.
LoE, rev. L bot., 14 mm. 400. 17086, Dekiere 1994: 290, ia 40, litiga-
W2 KISIB ta-ri-bu-um (Taribum) tion. Rev. L, 13 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
401. 78734, Dekiere 1994: 281, -/-/40, rental. Cf. Blocher 1992: No. 196
Obv. L, 15 mm.
Tenant KISIB i-din-ala-ga-ma-al (Iddin-Lagamal 414. 82064, CT 48.115, Ha 13, litigation. LoE,
s Warad-Sin) 17-5 mm. Unattributed
Cf. for type Teissier 1994b: Nos. 177-82
402. 82419, CT 8.43B, Schorr 1913: 217, -/-/41,
gift. Obv. L top, 15-5 mm. Unattributed 415. 82262, Dekiere 1994: 174, 5/5/14. Obv. L
top
403. 82419, CT 8.43B, Schorr 1913: 217, -/-/41, Cf. for type Teissier 1994a: Nos. 242-4; Gailani-
gift. Obv. L top, LE top, 19-5 mm. Werr 1988: PI. 44, No. 189a (Sin-muballit).
W5 KISIB ri-is-dUTU (Ris-Samas s Belsunu)
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: Pls. 21, No. 1 (4a) (Tell 416. 82399, 31/6/[x], inheritance. Obv. L
Harmal); 15, No. 16 (131s) (Tell Dhiba'i). mid./bot., 11 mm. Unattributed
404. 82419, CT 8.43B, Schorr 1913: 217, -/-/41, 417. 81017, CT 33.48B, 21/2/32, rental. Obv. L
gift. RE bot., 11 mm. Unattributed top, 18 mm. Unattributed
Possibly the same seal as Blocher 1992: No. 180 See below for comments
(Apil-Sin) (PNs do not correspond).
418. 17458A, Dekiere 1994: 323, Ha, lease.
405. 82230, Dekiere 1994: 295, Ha 41, lease. Obv., LE, rev. top, 18-5 mm. Unattributed
Obv. L, 12-5 mm. Unattributed Cf. the guilloche with Barrelet 1959: No. 170
(Mari), and Parayre 1987-8: PI. 140, Fig. 23
406. 82233, Dekiere 1994: 307, -/2/42, lease. (Leilan), but better carved; cf. detached heads
Obv. L, 13-5 mm. Unattributed and diminutive figures with Barrelet 1959:
No. 169 (Mari).
407. 17470A, Dekiere 1994: 309, -/-/43, lease.
Obv. L bot., LE bot., 14 mm. Unattributed 419. 92591, Dekiere 1994: 340, 10/8/?, rental.
Obv. L bot., LE bot., rev., 20 mm.
408. 82402A, Dekiere 1994: 337, [x]/10/?, sale. Unattributed
LE bot., LoE, 17 mm. Unattributed Cf. Teissier 1994b: Nos. 536-7.
409. 92580, Dekiere 1994: 339, Ha, inheritance.
Obv. L bot., 11 mm. Unattributed 420. 16815A, CT 47.22A (3), Gailani-Werr
Cf. for standards Gailani-Werr 1988: Pls. 13, 1988: 209 (3), 1/-/14, sale. Rev. L, 13 mm.
No. 9 (106) (Tell Harmal); 16, No. 1 (126) W9 annotation 30-se-me (Sin-4eme s Awil-ili)
(Tell Dhiba'i). Cf. Ozgii 1980: Fig. II-16 (AcemhuyOk);
Collon 1975: P1. VI: 87-9 (Alalakh VII) for
410. 82257, Dekiere 1994: 1179, Ha 15, lease. style of marching figures.
Obv. L bot., UE, 17-5 mm. Unattributed
Cf. Blocher 1992: No. 322 421. 82431, CT 6.47B (T), Westbrook 1988:
118, 20/12/24, litigation. LoE, 8-5 mm.
411. 78756, Dekiere 1994: 328, Ha, bequest. Party annotation sa 30-na-sir (Sin-nasir f
Obv. L mid./bot., LE, LoE, 11-5 mm. Hulaltum)
Unattributed
Cf. Gailani-Werr 1988: No. 126 (Tell Dhiba'i) 422. 81017, CT 33.48B, 21/2/32, rental. Rev.,
11 mm. Unattributed
412. 92638A, Dekiere 1994: 341, Ha, sale. LE
bot., 10mm. 423. 82260, Dekiere 1994: 251, Ha 33, lease.
W3 KISIB i-bi-duTu (Ibbi-Samas s Busija) RE bot., 8 mm. Unattributed
413. 92580, Dekiere 1994: 339, Ha, inheritance. 424. 82097, Dekiere 1994: 283, Ha 40, lease.
LE mid., rev., 15 mm. Unattributed RE bot., 7-5 mm. Unattributed

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
INDEXES AND CONCORDANCES
1. Concordance of Seal Nos. (left) and Museum Nos. (all BM, right)
1 78280 56 82427, 92644,17352A 112 17069A
2 82427 57A 16853, 82427 113 17045A
3 17056A 57B 92644 114 17440A
4 92584A 58 16821A 115 16853
5 17069A, 82431, 59 92650 +A , 16821A 116 80128
92650 + A 60 16824A, 16827, 17047, 117 82269
6 92595A 82262, 82402 118 78812
7 82434A, 80098 61 80098 119 17082A
8 92584A, 80098 62 17064A 120 92501
9 17057A, 17445A 63 92650+A 121 17434A
10 92584A 64A 16853, 82427, 16815A, 122 80892
11 82063 82434A 123 82371
12 82269 64B 82411, 92650 +A 124 17448A, 82469,
13 82250 65 92650 + A 17469A, 17064A,
14 82064A 66 82260 82260
15 17072A 67 82139 125 80305
16 17460A 68 17064A 126 80128
17 78561 69 82393A 127 92650 +A
18 17063A 70 17062A, 17071A, 82371 128 17064A
19 16821A 71 82402 129 78280
20 82212A 72 16939 130 17056A
21 82227 73 80544 131 17056A
22 82266 74 82266 132 82393A
23 82273 75 82348 133 16835A
24 17352A 76 17390 134 16835A
25 82273 77 82097 135 17390
26 82212A, 82088, 82230 78 82434A 136 16815A
27 82391 79 17064A 137 17440A
28 17063A 80 92584A, 82431, 92650 138 92595A
29 82095A 81 82107 139 17063A
30 17352A 82A 17448A, 81017 140 82469
31 16821A 82B 17064A 141 82114
32 16853 83 17194A 142 17086A
33 79759 84 16853, 82427, 17352A 143 17440A
34 17460A 85 82393A 144 82270
35 82348 86 16939 144 82270
36 16853, 82427, 82183, 87 17063A 145 16842A
82441, 82469, 88 82157 146 82501
82644A 89 92501 147 92595A
37 17063A 90 81707 148 80144
38 17064A 91 82102 149 82393A
39 82255, 17448A, 92 80305 150 78280
17469A, 17462A, 93 80098 151 82249
81301, 82063 94 80305 152 16853
40 82121 95 92575A 153 82062
41 80128 96 67324A 154 82273
42 80477 97 82427, 82441 155 82064
43 16824A 98 80128 156 17071A
44 92650+A 99 16843A 157 17062A
45 78301 100 17063A 158 82043, 82434A
46 17086+A 101 78812 159 82101/02
47 16821A 102 92575A 160 17440A
48 80128 103 78766 161 82227, 92595A
49 81505 104 17069A 162 17069A
50 17045A 105 82139 163 17069A
51 17045A 106 82393A 164 17069A
52 17045A 107 82074 165 82411
53 17045A 108 82348 166 81017
54 82255 109 80128 167 78766
54 82441 110 17460A 168 82250
55 17441A 111 82229 169 82340

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
170 82399 232 17047A 295 17434A

171 80098 233 17194 296 16824A
172 82501 234 78812 297 16824A
173 78756 235 82270 298 78280
174 17072 236 92580 299 16853
175 92644 237 82402A 300 17045A
176 92644 238 82095 301 82499
177 82064 239 16842A 302 17046A
178 82101/02 240 16844A, 16815A, 80098 303 17046A
179 79984 241 17438A, 82043 304 16835A
180 79759 242 17440A 305 82273
181 17072 243 80144, 82043, 82434, 306 82262
182 80098 82501 307 17062A
183 17072 244 82266 308 17071A
184 17072 245 17436A 309 17438A
185 17056A 246 16841A 310 82042/43
186 17056A 247 17056A 311 17069A
187 17056A 248 17056A 312 17098A
188 16824A 249 80144 313 79759
189 82248/49 250 16824A 314 78812
190 17390 251 17047A 315 78812
191 17047 252 17082 316 82250
192 17082A 253 82499 317 82419
193 82273 254 16835A 318 80098
194 97108 255 82064 319 16842A
195 17093A 256 17071 A 320 92591
196 92595A 257 17062A 321 92638B
197 82254 258 17438A, 82043 322 17056A
198 17464+A 259 82042/43 323 82417
199 78561 260 82232 324 92584
200 80659 261 82068 325 92584
201 60882 262 82068 326 97108
202 17086A 263 82128 327 92595A
203 82230 264 82128 328 92595A
204 82137 265 82254 329 92575A
205 17072 266 17475A 330 78812
206 92580 267 78766 331 78812
207 92594 268 78766 332 82097
208 92584 269 81272 333 16842A
209 82399 270 17470A 334 92661A
210 17501 271 17501 335 80842
211 17056A 272 92638B 336 16824A
212 17071 273 67324A 337 78280
213 82257 274 16827A 338 78280
214 92647 275 17434a 339 82249
215 82250 276 82499 340 82249
216 82097 277 82377 341 17047
217 16853 278 17062A, 17071A 342 82427
218 82095A 279 17438A 343 82262
219 82248/49 280 82042/43 344 17441A
220 16815A, 92584, 281 79984 345 82043
17445A, 82434, 282 17093A 346 92584
80098 283 82099/100 347 17057A
221 17438A 284 92595A 348 82102
222 82042/43 285 17063A 349 81368
223 82042/43 286 17063A 350 82326
224 92584 287 17098A 351 82068
225 92573A 288 82340 352 82434A
226 82254 289 82233 353 97108
227 82195 290 17072A 354 97108
228 82137 291 92580 355 82229
229 82459 292 17401 A 356 82431
230 80842 293 16841A, 92584 357 17069A
231 16853 294 80144 358 92575A

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
359 17475A 381 92661A 403 82419

360 79879 382 17436A 404 82419
361 82250 383 82416/17 405 82230
362 78734 384 17434A 406 82233
363 92591 385 82499 407 17470A
364 16842A 386 82062 408 82402A
365 17501 387 82062 409 92580
366 80098 388 17062A 410 82257
367 17352A 389 17438A 411 92638B
368 17436A 390 17062A, 17438A, 82043 412 92638B
369 80144 391 82232 413 92580
370 80144 392 17057A 414 82064
371 82393 393 82227 415 82262
372 82393 394 17098A 416 82399
373 82417 395 82063 417 81017
374 82085 396 82320 418 17458A
375 82377 397 82391 419 92591
376 82129 398 80892 420 16815A
377 79759 399 80892 421 82431
378 92647 400 17086 422 81017
379 82419 401 78734 423 82260
380 82137 402 82419 424 82097
2. Concordance of tablets and seal-impressions
BM No. Publication (all texts) Seal No.

16815A CT 47.22A 64A, 136, 220, 240, 420
16821A CT 47.47A 19, 31, 47, 58, 59
16824A CT 47.29A 43, 60, 188, 250, 296, 297, 336
16827A CT 47.28A ND, 60, 274
16829A CT 47.44A NDx4
16835A CT 47.32A ND, 133, 134, 254, 304
16841A CT 47.25A ND x 3, 246, 293
16842A Dekiere 1994: 316 145, 239, 319, 333, 364
16843A CT 47.45A ND, 99
16844A CT 47.24A 240
16853 Dekiere 1994: 158 32, 36, 57A, 64A, 84, 115, 152, 217, 231, 299
16913 Dekiere 1994: 317 NDx2
16939 CT 47.46 ND, 72, 86
16961 Dekiere 1994: 255 ND
17045A CT 47.30A 50, 51, 52, 53, 113, 300
17046A CT 47.3 IA 302, 303
17047A Dekiere 1994: 164 60, 191, 232, 251, 341
17056A CT 47.27A 3, 130, 131, 185, 186, 187, 211, 247, 248, 322
17057A Dekiere 1994: 189 ND x 4, 9, 347, 392
17062A CT 47.23A 70, 157, 257, 278, 307, 388, 390
17063A CT 47.40A 18, 28, 37, 87, 100, 139, 285, 286
17064A CT 47.42A ND, 38, 62, 68, 79, 82B, 124, 128
17069A CT 47.39A 5, 104, 112, 162, 163, 164, 311, 357
17071A CT 47.34A ND,70,156, 212, 256, 278, 308
17072A CT 47.50A 15, 174, 181, 183, 184, 205, 290
17082A Dekiere 1994: 163 119, 192, 252
17086+A Dekiere 1994: 290 ND, 46, 142, 202, 400
17093A CT 47.37A 195, 282
17098A Dekiere 1994: 226 NDx 3, 287, 312, 394
17194A CT 47.35 83, 233
17325 Dekiere 1994: 268 ND
17352A Dekiere 1994: 132 24, 30, 56, 84, 367
17390 Dekiere 1994: 160 NDx3, 76, 135, 190
17401A Dekiere 1994: 321 ND, 292
17434A Dekiere 1994: 149 ND, 121, 275, 295, 384
17436A Dekiere 1994: 137 ND x 2, 245, 368, 382
17438A Dekiere 1994: 182 ND, 221, 141, 258, 279, 309, 389, 390
17440A Dekiere 1994: 301 NDx4, 114, 137, 143, 160, 242

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17441A Dekiere 1994: 170 NDx4, 55, 344

17445A Dekiere 1994: 191 ND x 4, 9, 220
17448A Dekiere 1994: 204 ND, 39, 82A, 124
17451A Dekiere 1994: 202 NDx3
17458A Dekiere 1994: 323 418
17460A Dekiere 1994: 244 16, 34, 110
17462A Dekiere 1994: 209 39
17464+A Dekiere 1994: 236 198
17469A Dekiere 1994: 212 39, 124
17470A Dekiere 1994: 309 NDx 3, 270, 407
17475A Dekiere 1994: 218 ND, 266, 359
17501 Dekiere 1994: 325 NDx 3, 210, 271, 365
60882 Dekiere 1994: 278 201
67324A Dekiere 1994: 138 96, 273
74421A Dekiere 1994: 271 ND
78280 CT 45.20, Meissner 1893: No. 48 1, 129, 150, 298, 337, 338
78301 CT 45.27 45
78561 Meissner 1893: No. 64 ND, 17, 199
78679 Dekiere 1994: 145 NDx2
78724 CT 4.42B, Schorr 1913: No. 240 NDx2
78734 Dekiere 1994: 281 362, 401
78756 Dekiere 1994: 328 173
78766 Dekiere 1994: 257 167, 267, 268, 103
78812 Finkelstein 1976: 187 ND, 101, 118, 234, 314, 315, 330, 331
79759 Dekiere 1994: 227 33, 180, 313, 377
79879 Dekiere 1994: 254 ND, 360
79984 Dekiere 1994: 198 179, 281
80098 Dekiere 1994: 135 7, 8, 61, 93, 171, 182, 220, 240, 318, 366
80128 CT 48.21 41, 48, 98, 109, 116, 126
80130 CT 48.2A inadvertently ND
80144 CT 48.3 (80143 T) 148, 243, 249, 294, 369, 370
80305 CT 8.22C, Schorr 1913: No. 79 ND, 92, 94, 125
80477 Waterman 1916: No. 51 42
80544 Waterman 1916: No. 52 73
80659 CT 8.40B, Schorr 1913: No. 118 200
80842 Dekiere 1994: 148 230, 335
80892 Dekiere 1994: 292 122, 398, 399
81017 CT 33.8B 82A, 166, 417, 422
81051 Dekiere 1994: 312 NDx3
81170 Dekiere 1994: 144 NDx2
81272 Dekiere 1994: 263 ND, 269
81301 Dekiere 1994: 221 39
81368 Dekiere 1994: 196 349
81505 Dekiere 1994: 142 ND, 49
81707 CT 48.94 90
82043 Dekiere 1994: 183 158, 222, 223, 241, 243, 258, 259, 280, 310, 345, 390
82062 CT 48.114 153, 386, 387
82063 Dekiere 1994: 249 11, 39, 395
82064A CT 48.15 14, 155, 177, 255, 414
82068 Dekiere 1994: 192 261, 262, 351
82074 Dekiere 1994: 282 107
82085 Dekiere 1994: 155 ND x 3, 374
82088 Dekiere 1994: 261 26
82095A Dekiere 1994: 156 ND, 29, 218, 238
82097 Dekiere 1994: 283 77, 216, 332, 424
82100 Dekiere 1994: 199 ND, 283
82102 Dekiere 1994: 186 91, 159, 178, 348
82107 Dekiere 1994: 288 ND, 81
82114 Dekiere 1994: 253 ND, 141
82121 Dekiere 1994: 284 40
82123 Dekiere 1994: 193 ND
82128 Dekiere 1994: 205 263, 264, 376
82129 Dekiere 1994: 225 376
82137 Dekiere 1994: 305 ND, 204, 228, 380

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82139 Dekiere 1994: 228 ND, 67, 105

82157 Dekiere 1994: 311 88
82183 Dekiere 1994: 173 36
82189 Dekiere 1994: 285 NDx3
82195 Dekiere 1994: 235 227
82212A CT 48.115 20, 26
82227 CT 4.20C, Schorr 1913: No. 108 21, 161, 393
82229 Dekiere 1994: 203 ND, 111, 355
82230 Dekiere 1994: 295 26, 203, 405
82232 CT 4.12B 260, 391
82233 Dekiere 1994: 307 289, 406
82242 Dekiere 1994: 187 ND x 4
82249 Dekiere 1994: 157 151, 189, 219, 339, 340
82250 Dekiere 1994: 264 13, 168, 215, 316, 361
82254 Dekiere 1994: 223 197, 226, 265
82255 Dekiere 1994: 201 39, 54
82257 Dekiere 1994: 179 213, 410
82260 Dekiere 1994: 251 66, 124, 423
82262 Dekiere 1994: 174 60, 306, 343, 415
82266 Dekiere 1994: 246 ND, 22, 74, 244
82267 Dekiere 1994: 247 ND
82269 CT 6.44A 12, 117
82270 Dekiere 1994: 306 144, 235
82273 Waterman 1916: No. 12 23, 25, 154, 193, 305
82286 Dekiere 1994: 286 ND
82294 Dekiere 1994: 296 ND
82320 Dekiere 1994: 262 396
82326 Dekiere 1994: 194 350
82340 Dekiere 1994: 287 169, 288
82348 CT 48.97 T 35, 75, 108
82371 CT 6 44C, Schorr 1913: No. 167 70, 123
82377 Dekiere 1994: 175 ND, 277, 375
82391 Dekiere 1994: 274 ND, 27, 397
82393A CT 48.70 T, Finkelstein 1976: ND, 69, 85, 106, 132, 149, 371, 372
190
82399 Dekiere 1994: 242 170, 209, 416
82402A Dekiere 1994: 337 60, 71, 237, 408
82411 CT 8.12C T, Schorr 1913: NDx 4, 64B, 165
No. 222
82417 Dekiere 1994: 152, CT 6.45 323, 373, 383
82419 CT 8.34B, Schorr 1913: No. 217 ND, 317, 379, 402, 403, 404
82427 CT 8.48A T, Schorr 1913: 2, 36, 56, 57, 64A, 84, 97, 342
No. 27
82431 CT 6.47B T, Westbrook 1988: ND, 5, 80, 356, 421
118
82434A CT 48.8 7, 64A, 78, 158, 220, 243, 352
82441 Dekiere 1994: 180 36, 54, 97
82459 CT 48.49 229
82469 Dekiere 1994: 200 36, 124, 140
82499 Waterman 1916: No. 38 T 253, 276, 301, 385
82501 CT 8.43A T, Schorr 1913: 146, 172, 243
No. 271
92501 Meissner 1893: No. 30 T 89, 120
92573A Meissner 1893: No. 11 225
92575A CT 4.38C T 95, 102, 329, 358
92580 Dekiere 1994: 339 206, 236, 291,409, 413
92584A Dekiere 1994: 181 4, 8, 10, 80, 208, 220, 224, 293, 324, 325, 346
92591 Dekiere 1994: 340 320, 363, 419
92594 Meissner 1893: No. 57 ND x 3, 207
92595A Dekiere 1994: 206 6, 138, 147, 161, 196, 284, 327, 328
92638A CT 2.42 T, Dekiere 1994: 341 ND, 272, 321, 411, 412
92644A CT 8.35B T 36, 56, 57B, 175, 176
92647 Dekiere 1994: 237 214, 378
92650+A Dekiere 1994: 238 5, 44, 59, 63, 64B, 65, 80, 127

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92661A Dekiere 1994: 140 334, 381

97108 Veenhof and Teissier 1994 194, 326, 353, 354
3. Index of inscriptions
Text Seal No.
da-a UTU 144, 179
da-a-ri-i[nm-tum] DUMU.MI d§E§.KI-MA.AN.SUM GEME dUTU da-a 23
a-bu-wa-qar DUMU ffJG-i-li-rUl DAM.GAR iR d[EN.ZU?] 3
ral-hu-um-ki-[nu] DUMU dEN.ZU-[x] iR drxl [x] 67
al-ta-[...] DUMU Mi ri-ib-[...] 68
AMA.RA? 129
dAMAR.UTU-la-ma-sd-rrul DUMU dEN.ZU-mu-ga-lim UGULA LUKUR 'UTU iR ha-am- 47
mu-ra-bi
[d]AMAR.UTU-ta-ia-[ar] DUMU bu-la-l[um] IR dbu-n&-ne U dNi.SI.[S] 99
[am]-ri-i-li-[lu DUMU] na-ra-am-&-[a] iR e-[a u] dDAM.GAL.NUN.NA 71
a-na-sil-li-lu-e-mi-id DUMU ha-zi-ru-um [iR] dAN.MAR.TU 72
AN-KA- a-[a] rSANGA1 dUTU DUMU iR-dEN.Z[U] IR da-a 56
AN-KA-r~a1 DUMU dEN.ZU-re-ri1-[ba-am] IR dBIL.rGI1 U drpA + KU1 73
AN.[...] UGULA LUKUR [dUTU] DUMU AN.[...] 62
[a]-wa-at- EN.Z[U-li-ziZ] DUMU ia-an-rti-inl-[a-ra-am] iR drEN.ZU1 [...?] 74
a-rwil-il-[i-17] DUMU i-li-[ . ..] iR a-pil_dEN.[ZU] 42
a-[Wi]-i-d[IM?] DUMU dNIN.KAR.RA.[AK-...] iR d[] .. dna-[bi-um?] 75
ba-za-zu-um A.IGI.DU8 DUMU i-ku-un-KA-ef4-tdr 1
[be-l]e-su-nu [DUMU.Mi] dEN.ZU-mil-k[i] 79
[be-le-tum] DUMU MI en-nam-tu-tu GEME dUTU da-a 24
bur-dEN.ZU DUMU dEN.ZU-Se-mi 80
rdal-mi-iq-i-li-rlul [DU]MU dEN.Zu-ma-g[ir] iR dM[AR.TU?] 81
DINGIR 1 97, 199, 201-2, 247, 298
DINGIR, DINGIR? 380
DINGIR, DINGIR, broken sign 387
rDINGIR?l-MA.AN.SUM [...] DUMU dUTU-mu-b[a?-...] iR E.BABBAR 35
DINGIR-&u-ba-ni DAM.GAR DUMU i-bi-dNIN.§UBUR iR sa dNIN.UB[UR] 5
d d,
DINGIR-Au-ba-ni DAM.GAR, UTU dsa-ha-an 4
[DINGIR]-§u-i-bi-su 138
DINGIR-§u-i-bi-[su] DAM.rGAR1 DUMU i-pi-iq-re§4-tdr1 iR dne-erill-rgal1 6
DINGIR-,U-KASKAL.KUR-SU DUMU DINGIR-Su-ba-ni iR ha-ga-lu[m] 51
DINGIR-,u-na-si-ir DAM.GAR DUMU a-bu-um-wa-qar 7
DUMU AN.[NA?] 140
DU[MU.M]i iR-i-li-§U 130
DUMU we-du-um-li-bur? 133
[E.ID]IM.AN.NA-MA.AN.S[UM DUMU] ka-rlu-mu-urm R1 E.BABBAR 33
[e]-la-li DUMU e-a-ba-rnil R dR-a U dNIN.§UBUR 82A
rel-la-rlil [DUMU] e-a-ba-[ni] iR dEN.[ZU] 82B
dEN.KI 139
[den]-lil-na-si-[ir] DUMU DING]IR-SU-i-bi-§U [iR] drUTU?1 83
dEN.zu-ba-ni DUMU dUTU-DINGIR UGULA LUKUR dUTU.ME[§] iR E.BABBAR 64A
[d]EN.ZU-ba-[ni SANG]A d[UTU DUMU] dASAL.LU.HI-MA.[AN.SUM] iR ha-am-mu-r[a-bi] 44
dEN.ZU-ba-n[i] UGULA LUKUR dUTU.M[E§] DUMU dUTU-DING[IR] iR E.BAB[BAR] 64B
dEN.ZU-i-din-nam [DUMU] im-li-rikl-d[EN.ZU iR] sa d[... ] 110
dEN.ZU-i§-me-a-ni DUMU dEN.Zu-ma-gir iR dna-bi-um d[x] 111
d ' d~~~~
dEN.ZU-KUR-i-ni DUMU IR_d- MAR.TU60 SANG
dEN.zu-ma-g[ir] DUMU 112
su-mi-a-hi-ia
dEN.ZU-ni-[.. .] 115
113
[dE]N.ZU-ra-bi [DUMU] dEN.ZU-rKASKAL.KU
114
dEN.ZU-re-rmel-[ni] DUMU i-bi-dNI[N.AUBU
d[EN.ZU-...] DUMU i-ku-[un-K]A-§a 43iR a-[p
dEN.ZU[...] DUMU d[...] iR [...] 116
rel-ri-i-ti-d[a-a? GEM]E dUTU U 26
d[a-a]
e-ri-i&-d[UTU] DUMU.MI dUTu-na-s[ir?] GEME da?-[a?] 25
er-se-ti-[ia?] DUMU ku-ru-su-ruml 85
[dd
e-te-el-KA-[ 84
na-bi]-um
gi-mnil-i-[lt-gu] 86
DUM
GiR.NI.§A6 DUMU dEN.Z[U-...] iR dX X [...] 78

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ha-li-ia-r tum DUMU.Mi ri-ig-d[x X] DAM a-bi-[ia?-tum?] 87

ha-am-rmul 88
hu-za-lum DUMU dAMAR.UTU-na-si-[ir] iR dna-bi-[um] 89
ia-ap-ha-[tum] DUMU.Mi i-zi-[ga-tar] GEME dUTU da-[a] 27
ril-ba-lu-[ut] rDUMU1 e-tel-KA-d[x] [iR1 /.DI.KU5.KALAM.M[A] 40
i-bi-dEN.ZU DUMU na-bi-i-li-gu DAM.G.AR 9
i-bi-dNIN.[SUBUR?] DUB.S[AR] DUMU dSES.KI-MA.[AN.SUM] iR d[X X] 22
i-bi-d[...] DUMU [...] R [...] 90
rPlt-bi-d?[...] DUMU d[... ] Ia dNIN.S[UBUR] 91
ribl-niden-rlill rDUB.SAR1 DUMU den-lil-a-b[P] 21
[ig]-mil-[lum] DUMU im-gur-r[i-a] IR d[x] 92
i-li-a-[bi] DUMU ir!(NI)-bi-[jUHki] iR ha-ga-[lum] 50
i-li-tu-ktul-ti DUMU tu-tu-ni-su iR dna-bi-um 93
[il-ta-ni DUMU.MI dEN].ZU-mu-[x x] GEME dUTU u da-a 31
dIM DUMU AN.[NA] UR5.SA4? NI [X] ZI KALAM.MA SU[M.MU] 12
dIM GU?.GAL AN.[KI.A] NIG.NAM UR4.UR4.X HE.GAL KALAM.MA SUM.[(X)] 11
[im]-lik-dEN.[ZU DUMU] dUTU-mu-[de JR] E.BAB[BAR] 34
dIM-MA.AN.SUM DUMU DINGIR-Su-a-bu-[su?9] iR sa d[M] 65
[d]IM-ta-a-a-a[r DUMU] dnin-urta?-[..] riRl drIM?l 66
i-pi-iq-AB.GAL IR dEN.rZUl 95
ril-pi-iq-da-[ra-ah-tum] DUMU i-ti-ib-[libbagu] IR d[ ...] 94
dX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9
i-pi-iq-dx [(x)] DUMU ia-bi-gu-um 96
iR-dEN.ZU DUMU ia-da-ah-DINGIR iR dMAR.TU 126
iR- dEN.ZU SANGA dUTU DUMU li-pi-it-[es4-tar] iR da-[a] 59
iR-e[s4-tcr?] DUMU a-di-an-[ni-a-am] IR d[... ] 125
iR-[i-li-9u?] DUMU dEN.ZU-m[a-gir] IR dAN.MAR.[TU] 124
JR-dNIN.SUBUR iR e04-tdr 134
IR-X[.. .] DUMU d[ ...] iR d[...] 127
ir-me-dEN.[ZU] SANGA dUTU DUMU i-ku-un-KA-d[uTu iR ...] 58
dkal-kal-na-si-ir A.ZU DUMU DINGIR-§u-i-bi-.u [iR] drUTUl 2
ka-lu-mu-um DUMU dIM-re-rme-ni iR1 EB.BAB[BAR] 36
li-bu-ra-[am] DUMU hu-nu-bu-um IR E.BABBAR 97
li-bur-ku-si-su [DUB].SAR rLUGAL1 [iR] dgi4rmi-il-d en-lil 54
rlu-u-ta-mar- N.rzu DUMU a-rbul-um-wa-rqarl IR dAN.MAR.TU 98
LU-DINGIR [X (X)] DUMU ku-[... ] 76
LU-dN[IN?...] iR sa d[ ...] 77
LUGAL-dUTU DUMU DINGIR-[Su]-na-si-ir DAM.GAR 8
dMAR.Tu-na-si-rirl DUMU iR-e[§4?-tdr?] iR dMAR.TU 69
dMAR.TU [...] DUMU AN.NA DINGIR ME.SIKIL SU?.[DU7?] 13
[m]a-ah-nu-ub-DIN[GIR] DUMU d9E§.KI-,.DAH-rmal[gir] iR ha-ga-lu[m] 52
[m]a-si-ik-tum DUMU.MI ia-ri-im-i-sum GEME] dUTU d[a-a] 100
ma?-ag?-ra?-[.. ..] DUMU na-dan?-[ ...] 101
na-bi d[ ... ] DUMU dUTU?-X[... iR? ...] 102
ni-di-in-e4-[tair] DUB.SAR DUMU GiR.NI-i.rSA61 iR sa-bi-um 41
ni-id-nu-sa DUMU LUJ-dNIN.SUBUR.KA riR? g dNIN-SUBUR?l 104
dNIN.rLILl 131
dNIN.PIRIG SUKKAL.GAL dUTU sa E.BABBAR.RA.A.§E? 14
dNIN.[PIRIG?] SUKKAL AD.HAL AN.[NA] U/ SUKKAL KU [dUTU?] 15
dNIN.SUBUR-[MA.AN.SUM] DUMU bur-nu-nu UGULA LUKUR dUTU IR E.[BABBAR] 63
dNIN.X[ (X)] DUMU AN.[NA?] 17
rdlNIN.X[ (X) EN?] rUE'l.GAL KU rA§l X[ (X)] rzI?l KALAM.M[A? i.SUM.MU?] 16
ni-si-[i-ni-su] DUMU.MI a-b[i-ia-tum] GEME dUTU [da-a] 28
[nu-u]r-dkab-[ta DUMU a]-ha-am-a[r-si i]R dNIN.SI4.A[N.NA] 105
nu-6r-drUTU1 DUMU si-ia-tum iR dAN.MAR.TU 106
[p]i-ri-ih-i-[li-su DUM]U DINGIR-wa-[tar] iR sa drIM?l 107
ra-pa-a-sil-li-[-a] DUMU INIM- dNIN.rSUBUR? UGULA1 LUKUR d[UTU.(ME§)] iR ha-am-mu-ra-[bi] 46
rri-ifl-ir?-rra?l DUMU dU[TU?-...] iR d[...] 108
ri-ig-d[UTUI DUMU SIG-an-nu-n[i-turn] fiRl SIG5-DINGIR-[Su?] 49
sa-bi-um-i-[lh] I.rDU8l iR E.BABBAR 32
sa-bu-um-i-l[i DUMU? ... iR ..] 128
sa-[... ] DUMU x [...] iR d[ ...] U dEN.[...] 109
SANGA dEN.ZU 61
SANGA d[UTU] e-te-el-KA- na-bi-UM DUMU a-lim-pa-li-ih-ru iR dna-bi-um 57
sil_li-dNIN.TU DUMU ni-id-rna-atl-dEN.ZU IR ha-am-mu-ra-bi 45

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dgE.RIs.DA NIN.[MU] A.RA.ZU.E GI.T[UKU] DI.KU5 Ni x x [x] 19

d§E§.KI-MA.AN.SUM DAM.GAR DUMU DINGIR-gu-ba-ni iR dUTU U dsa-rha-an' 10
d§E§.KI-MA.AN.[SUM] DUMU li-bu-ra-am [iR E.BAB]BAR 38
d§E§.KI-MA.[AN.SUM] DUMU na-ra-am-[...] IR sa dE[N.ZU?] u dAN.MAR.[TU] 103
&i-ma-ra-ha?l-[ti] Mi.rDUB?.SAR?l GEME dUTU u da-ral 29
Aum!(AM)-ma-an-la-duTu DUMU ni-id-nu-sa iR dEN.ZU 70
§u-te-§u-ra-[§um] DUMU e-tel-KA-dna-bi-[um] iR dna-bi-um 120
ta-ri-ib-DINGIR DUMU i-na-qa-ti-dUTU IR dMAR.TU 121
dTI[§PAK?] DINGIR al-di-x DINGIR as-nun-n [a] 20
tu-tu-nu-ri DUMU.MI ku-rbal-tum [GEME ... ?] 122
u-bar-duTu DUMU DINGIR-na-da iR dIM 123
UD.LUGAL, DINGIR, DINGIR 142
dUTU 156, 168, 196, 219, 255, 267, 293
dUTU da-a 161, 193, 295, 288
dUTU-e-ri-ba-[am] DUMU Au-mu-um-li-ib-[§i] iR E.BABBAR.X 37
dUTu-ha-zi-[ir] DUMU a-pil-ku-rbil iR drer_[ra?] 117
dUTu-ha-[zi-ir] DUMU i-[din-dUTU] iR ha-[am-mu-ra-bi] 48
[dUTU?]-r l?-in-ma-rtim?1 [DUMU n]a?-aw-rru?l-um [iR dN]IN.[X] 146
dUTU-mu-ba-li-[it] DUMU a-bi-ia-[tum] iR ha-ga-l[um] 53
dUTU daahan 4
dUTU-ge-me DUMU na-bi-dUTU iR de-a 119
dUTU §UL.ZI.MAH AN.KI.A NAM.rMAH1.NI [...] 18
dUTU-TAB.BA-,U MA§KIM DUMU zi-kir-i-li-su iR drGIBIL? 55
dUTU-UG5-Tl.[LA DUMU] e-tel-dEN.[ZU?] 118
dUTU UD UD 145
r1i-sur-me-e-dUTU DUMU dUTU-TAB.BA-rel iR E.BABBAR 39
za-bi-[.. .] 141
za-bu-um-i-l[i DUMU ...? JIR .. ?] 128
[... ]-a-an-[...] rxl dUTU 143
...] AN [x DUMU DINGIR-Slu-na-sir [...] 136
...] DUMU [... IR E].BABBAR.RA? 137
[x]-x-ir-[... DUMU?] dUTU-[...] [JR?1 X [...] 135
[x]-mu-la-[(x) DUMU] iR-dAN.MAR.TU [iR] dAN.MAR.TU 132
[x]-sa?-pa?-[x] DUMU.MI dEN.ZU-[X] GEME drUTUl u da-[a] 30
[... ] d[... ] li [...] dUTU [...I 144
4. Index of attributed seal owner/users

Name Seal No(s). Name Seal No(s).
Abba-tabum s Ilsu-ibbisu 332 Awil-Samas 381
Abu-... 229 Awil-Sama 342
Ahum-kinu s Sin-... 67 Awil-Sama, 217
Aja-rimtum d Nanna-mansum, 23 BeI-qarrad s BU SU KI 195
LUKUR dUTU Be1essunu s Sin-milki 79
Akkadum s Nanna-mansum 187 Beletum d Ennam-Tutu, LUKUR 24
Aksak-iddinam s Aham-arhi 338 dUTU
Aksak-iddinam s Sin-ismeanni 157 Beli-qarrad s Sin-iqisam 315

Alta... d Rib-... 68 Bur-Sin s Sin-§eme, DI.KUD 80
Amat-Sama§ d Iddin-Dagan 374 Bur-Sin s Sililum 243
AM-man (= ;umman!)-la- Samas 70 Eidimanna-mansum s Kalumum, 36
s Nidnusa i. DU8
Amri-ilisu s Naram-Ea, UGULA E 71, 321 Elali s Ea-bani 82A,B

Amurrum-nasir s Warad-Istar 69 Emuqsu-dan s Sin-iqisam 258
Ana-sillisu-emid s Hazirum 72 Eribam s Puzur-Samas 205
Annum-pi-Aja s Warad-Sin, 56, 59 Eribam s Samag-rabi 224
SANGA dUTU Erib-Ea s Sin-eribam 310
Annum-pisa s Bazazum 1 Eristi-Aja, LUKUR dUTU 26
Annum-piga s Lipit-Sin 324 Erra-muballit s Ilgu-ibbisu? 138
Apaja 152 Ersetija s Kurrusum 85
Apil-ilisu s Il'su-n-asir 168 Ersetija 96
Apil-ilisu s Sin-rermeni 333 Etel-pi-Nabium s Salim-palibhu, 57, 84
Asqudum s Sin-nasir 369 SANGA dUTU
Awat-Sin-lizziz s Iantin-Aram 74 Etellum-Marduk s Warad-Sin 376
Awil-Adad s Ninkarrak-..., GIR 75 Gimil-ilisu s Sin-e... 86

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Girnisa s Sin-... 78 Lustamar-Sin s Abum-waqar 98

Halijatum s Ris-..., w Abijatum 87 Mahnub-DINGIR s Nanna- 52
Huzalum s Kalumum 36 A.DAH-magir
Huzalum s Marduk-nasir 89 Mar-Sippar 165
Iarsi-AN s Sin-remeni 371 Marduk-lamassasu s Sin-musallim, 47
Iati-ilu s Apil-Sin 321 UGULA LUKUR dUTU
Ibbi-Ilabrat s Nanna-mansum, 22 Marduk-tajjar s Bulalum 99
DUB.SAR Masiktum s Iarim-Isum 100
Ibbi-Samas s Busija 412 Migarum-nasir 204
Ibbi-Sin 320 Muhadditum 361
Ibni-Adad s Apakia 326 Muhadduim s Ilsu-bani 267
Ibni-Adad s Sin-iqisam 314 Munawwirum s... 173
Ibni-Amurrum s Nur-Samas 239 Munawwirum s Ikun-pisa 223, 309
Ibni-Enlil 260 Nabi-Samas s Awil-ili 325
Ibni-Enlil s Enlil-abi, DUB.SAR 21 Nabi-Samag s Bur-Sin 167
Ibni-Sin s Samas-... 344 Nabi-Samas s Ili-maliki 248
Ibni-Sahan s Ribam-ili 307 Nabi-Samas s Ipqu-Aja 184
Iddin-Lagamal s Warad-Sin 401 Nabi-Samag s Zakaja 382
Idisum s Abum-waqar 383 Nahmum-Dagan s Sin-iqisam 336
Igmillum s Imgurija 92 Nanna-mansum s Ilsu-bani, 10
Ili-abi s Irbi-Aksak 50 DAM.GAR
Ili-abu-Sin 321 Nanna-mansum s Liburram 38
Ili-eribam s Nabium-gar-... 229 Nanna-mansum s Naram-..., 103
Ili-hada su.l s Ilsu-bani 391 rabiJnum
Ili-iddinam s Za-li?-lu?-um 296 Nannatum s Ana-Sin-taklaku 242
Ili-tukulti s Tutu-nisu 93 Naram-ili u 148
Ilsu-abusu s Samas-gamil 241 Naram-iligu s Ali-hat-Samas 175
Ilsu-abusu s Samas-gamil 390 Nidnatum 386
Ilsu-bani s Ibbi-Ilabrat, 5 Nidnusa s Lu-Ninsubur.ka 104
DAM.GAR, DI.KUD Nidnusa s Niir-... 349
Ilgu-ibbisu s Ilum-damiq 354 Ninsubur-mansum s Biir-Nunu, 63
Ilsu-ibbisu s Ipiq-Istar, DAM.GAR 6 UGULA LUKUR dUTU
Ilsu-ibnisu s WA-titum 353 Nisi-inigu d Abijatum, LUKUR 28
Ilsu-muballit s Samas-tappesu 192 dUTU
Ilsu-nasir s Ibni-gamas 319 Nuiir-iligu s Sin-ublam 280
Ilsu-tillassu s Ilsu-bani 51 Nur-Kabta s Aham-arsi 105
Iltani d Rig-ugarim? 83 Nur-Sahan, DI.KUD 7
Iltani d Sin-muballit, LUKUR 31 Nur-Samas s Sijiatum 106
dUTU Pala-Samag s Ilsu-ibbisu 157
Imgur-Sin s Sin-remeni 247 Piri'-ilisu s Ilum-watar 107
Imgur-Sin s Sunabum 174 Puhum s Samas-imitti 212
Ipiq-ersetim s Nur-Ba'u 197 Puzur-Samag 328
Ipiq-... s Iabisum 96 Qig-Nunu s Sin-seme 220, 245
Ipqatum s Iballut 40 Rabatum w Sin-iddinam? 11
Ipqusa s Adajatum 308 Rapas-silli-Ea s Awat-Ilabrat, 46
Ipqu-Aja 329 UGULA LUKUR dUTU
Ipqu-Aja s Itur-kinum 183 Ris-Samas s Sala 272
Ipqu-Adad 234 Rig-Erra s Samas-... 108
Ipqu-Arahtum s Dala 233 Ris-Samas s Belgunu 403
Ipqu-Arahtum s Itib-libbasu 94 Ris-Samas s Ipiq-Annunitum 49
Ipqatum 358 Sarija s Belsunu 282
Irraja s Sallurum 300 SijVatum s Sabaja 334
Iskur-mansum s Ilsu-abusu 65 Sin-... 221
Isme-Sin s Ikun-pi-Samas, 58 Sin-bani s Asalluhi-mansum 44
SANGA dUTU Sin-bani s Samas-ilum, UGULA 64A-B
Isum-bani s Ki-dNanna 372 LUKUR dUTU
Itur-asdum s Ilima-rabfim 321 Sin-e... 299
Kalkal-nasir s Ilsu-ibbisu, A.ZU 2 Sin-eribam s Ikun-pisa 158 = 176 (same seal)
Kaliimum s Ilabrat-nasir 268 Sin-eribam s Ipiq-Adad 287
Kansassu-matum d Sin-rabi, 113 Sin-eribam s Sin-rabi 73
LUKUR dUTU Sin-gamil s Warad-Sin 147
Kima-ahum 321 Sin-gimlanni 316
Liburram s Hunnubum 97 Sin-iddinam 330
Lu-saga s Warad-Kuibi 364 Sin-iddinam s Bur-Sin 162

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Sin-iddinam s Etel-pi-Sin 265 Samag-nasir 390

Sin-iddinam s Iddin-Samag 188, 250 Sama§-§eme s Nabi-gama§ 119
Sin-iddinam s Imlik-Sin 110 Samag-rabi s Ak§aja 96
Sin-iddinam s Sin-rem~ni 322 Samag-rabi s Warad-uba... 131
Sin-ini-mitim s Abam-ar§i 185 Samag-tillassu s Il§u-bini 4
Sin-iqi,am s N-ur-iligu 216 Sama§-tillassu s Itti-Enlil-qinni 12
Sin-igmeanni s Sin-magir I1 ~amag-tillassu s Itti-Enlil-qinni? 163
Sin-magir s Eribam 331 gamag-tillassu s Sin-l-§anin? 163
Sin-magir s ~umu-ahija 112 Samag-w~d&ku s gama{-geme 251

Sin-nisir 249 Sarrum-Adad s Ili-bani 278
Sin-nasir s Ennam-Sin 388 Sarrum-Samag s IlIu-nisir, 8
421 DAM.GA.R
Sin-nasir f Hulaltum
285 SCerum-ili s N-uhija 256
Sin-nasir s Nabi-ili§u
149 Se§-bantuk 54
Sin-na.sir s Putuja
Sin-rameni, DUB.SAR 246 gima-ahati, LUKUR dUTU 29
327 Summdn!-ia-Sama, s Nidnu,a 70

Sin-ramani s Adad-pilah
Sumum-lib§i s Sin-iqigam 354
Sin-r-emfni s Ibbi-Ilabrat 114
241
Suteiurag,~um s Etel-pi-Nabium 120
Sin-ramani s Ribam-ili
60
Tarib-ili s Ina-qati-Sama§ 121
Sin-gadfini s Warad-Amurrum,
Taribum 395
SANGA dIkfinum
Taribum s Qurussa 392
Sin-4eme s Awil-ili 420
Tutu-nuiri d Ku-ba?-tum 122
Sippar-t&b s Bu-tu-um 181
Ubar-Sama§ s DINGIR-nada 123
Silli-Nintu s Nidnat-Sin 45
Ubar-Samai s Namelum 212, 381
.illi-;ama§ s Ahum-waqar 240
Usur-ma-Samai s Sama§-tapp8, 39
.§a ... 381
IR E.BABBAR, i.DU8
~ama§-andulli s WA-titum 194
Utu-mansum s Sin-gimil 129
gama',-biini s 11s,u-ibbi§u? 138
Warad-Amurrum s Ibni-Adad 393
;ama§-bini s Ipiq-Adad 287 186
Warad-Ilabrat s Sin-ibni
gama§,-bal-ili s Silli-Sama§ 212, 258 Warad-Igtar s Adi-anniam 125
Sama§-eribam s 'umum-libgi, iR 37 Warad-Nanna s... 115
E.BABBAR Warad-Sin s Iadah-ilum 126
,ama-,-bizir s Iddin-Samag 48 Warad-Sin s Taribum 392
gama's-iddinam s ...-til 341 Warad-gama§ d Sumu-Adad, 19
gama,-iddinam s En£bam 293 LUKUR dUTU
Sama§-ind-mitim s Sabibum 284 Warassa, R}A.GAB 124
~amas,-Iamassagu s Samai-bazir 117 ...dutim 297
gama{-liwwir s Etel-Sin 118 ...-iddinam 165
gamag-muballit s Abijatum 53 ... mula... s Warad-Amurrum 132
g;ama,~-muballit s Ili-kimti 153
5. Index of annotated names
Annotation/KIKIB Name Seal No.

ak-ka-dum Akkadum s Nanna-mansum 187
Ak.fakY-i-di-nam Akiak-iddinam s Aham-ar§i 338
Ak§ak'a-i-din-nam Akiak-iddinam s Sin-i§meanni 157
a-pa-a Apaja 152
Apil-ili§u s Siln-rEmZni 333
a-pil-DINGIR-SU
Apil-ili§u s Il§u-na-sir 168
a-pil--l-H?u
[ag-q]ai-du-um AMqudum s Sin-n-asir 369
B-eii-qarrad s Sin-iqi§am 315
be-li-qar-ra-ad
bur-sin Bfur-Sin s Sililum 243
DINGIR-§u-a-bu-SCU IIu-abuiu s Sama§-gdmil 241
DINGIR-u-a-bu-Nu IlIu-abugu s Samas-gamil 390
DINGIR-gu-mu-ba-li-it IINu-muballit s ;ama§-tappeiu 192
DINGIR-u-na-sir Ilu-nasir s Ibni-Sama§ 319
DINGIR-KA-.ga Annum-pisa s Lipit-Sin 324
DUMU-UD.KIB.NUN ki Mir-Sippar 165
dEN. zu-i-din-nam Sin-iddinam s Bkir-Sin 162
dEN.zu-re-me-ni Sin-r-emeni s Adad-pilah 327
Emuiqgu-din s Sin-iqi§am 258
re-[mu]- uql-u-da-ranl
e-mu-uq-r§u-dal-[an] Emiiq§u-dan s Sin-iqi§am 258
e-ri-ba-am Eribam s Puzur-Sama, 205
e-ri-ba-am Eribam s Sama,-rabi 224

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
e-ri-ib-&-a Erib-Ea s Sin-eribam 310

e-tam-gi.a_d AMAR.UTU E-tamgia-Marduk s Warad-Sin 376
ha-da-§u Ili-hada s llgu-b&ni 391
ia-ti-AN Iati-ilu s Apil-Sin 321
i-di-§um Idigum s Abum-waqar 383
i-li-i-din-nam Ili-iddinam s Za-1i-lu?-um 296
ib-ni-dEN.LiL Ibni-Enlil 260
ib-ni_diM Ibni-Adad s Sin-iqigam 314
ib-ni_dSUMUQAN Ibni-Sahan s Ribam-ili 307
illegible 232
im-gur-30 Imgur-Sin s Sin-r~mdni 247
ip-qu-ga Ipquia s Adajatum 308
ipiqdaa-a Ipqu-Aja 329
IR dMAR.TU Warad-Amurrum s Ibni-Adad 393
iR dNIN.UBUR Warad-Ilabrat s Sin-ibni 186
iR dSES. r KI1 Warad-Nanna s [PN] 115
KIMIB ra_bal_td_bi Abba-tabum s IIu-ibbigu 332
KISIB a-bu-[...] Abu-... 229
KIMB am-ri-i-li-gu Amri-iliiu s Nar&m-Ea, UGULA /E 321
KIMIB be-el-qar-ra-ad Bdl-qarrad s Bu SU KI 195
KISiB bur-30 Bar-Sin s Sin-ieme 80
KISIB di-gum-ba-ni IRum-bdni s Kfi-dNanna 372
KIMIB DINGIR-gu-i-bi-gu Illu-ibbi§u s Ilum-damiq 354
KIMIB DINGmR-gu-ib-ni I1gu-ibni',u s WA-titum) 353
KISIB dEN.ZU-e-ri-ba-am Sin-eribam s U'.MA-KA-ga (Ikiin-piga) 176
KI,IB er-se-ti-a Ersetija 96
KIMIB GEME-dUTU Amat-Sama§ d Iddin-Dagan 374
KISIB i-rtur-aA-dul-um Itiir-a~dum s Ilima-rabfim 321
KISIB i-bi_dUTU Ibbi-~amar, s Biisija 412
KISIB i-bi-30 Ibbi-Sin 320
KIMIB i-din_d la-ga-ma-al Iddin-Lagamal s Warad-Sin 401
KlM i-li-ia-x-x Ili-[jabu-Sin?] 321
KISIB i-li-e-ri-ba-am Ili-eribam s Nabium-§ar-... 229
KIMIB ia-ar?-4i'?-AN Iar',i-AN s Sin-rdmdni 371
KI,IB ib-ni_dEN.ZU Ibni-Sin s gamas'-... 344
KlInB ib-ni_dl§K[UR] Ibni-Adad s Apakia 326
KISIB ib-[niI-dMAR.rTU1 Ibni-Amurru s Nar-Samag 239
KIMIB im-gur-30 Imgur-Sin s Sunabum 174
KISIB ipiqdda-a Ipqu-Aja s Itfir-kinum 183
KIMIB ir-ra-ia Irraja s Sallurum 300
KISIB iR-30 Warad-Sin s Taribum 392
KISB ka-lu-rmu_-[um] Kalfumum s Ilabrat-n-asir 268
KISiB ki-ma-r a-hu-um Kima-ahum 321
KISIB LU-dUTU Awil-Samas 381
KISIB? MAS AN TI? 292
KIIB MI-dUTU Silli-Sama§ s Ahum-waqar 240
KIIB mu-ha-du-um Muhaddfim s Iliu-ba-ni 267
KISIB mu-na-wi-rum Munawwirum s [PN] 173
KIlB na-bi_duTu Nabi-Samag s Bur-Sin 167
KIMB na-bi_dUTU Nabi-Samag s Ipqu-Aja 184
KIMB na-bi_dUTU Nabi-Sama§ s Zakaja 382
KlgMBna-ra-am-i'-li-gu Naram-ili§u s Ali-hat-Samag 175
KIMB ni-id-na-tum Nidnatum 386
KIgIB ni-id-nu-?fa Nidnu§a s NU-r-d... 349
KISIB qi-iS-nu-nu Qi§-nunu s Sin-§eme 245
KI§iB rid is1_duTu Ri'-Samag s Sala 272
KISIB ri~duT UTU
K1Bri-i.§_ Ri§-Sama§ s Be1lunu 403
KISIB sa-ri-a Sarija s Bdlunu 282
KlInB si-a-rtumi
Sijjatum s Sabaja 334
KISIB SIG-a-ra-ah-tim Ipqu-Arahtum s Dala 233
KISIB SIG-er-se-tim Ipiq-ersetim 197
KISIB 30-i-qi-sam Sin-iqi,am s Nur-iligu 216
KI,IB 30-na-sir Sin-n&sir s Putuja 149
KI§IB 30-na-sir Sin-n-asir s Nabi-iliiu 285

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
KI§IB 30-re-me-ni Sin-r-em-eni DUB.SAR 246

KI§IB sa bi-x- ga Bi... 381
KIMB ta-ri-bu-um Taribum s Qurussa 392
KIMIB ta-ri-bu-um Taribum 395
KIMIB u-bar-dUTU Ubar-Samag s Ndmelum 381
KIMIB UD.KIB.NUNka-tab Sippar-t4ab s Bu-tu-um 181
KIMIB dUTU-AN.DUL Sama§-andulli s WA-titum 194
KIIB duTU-idi-[na-am] Samag-iddinam s Eribam 293
KIIB dUTU-i-din-nam Samag-iddinam s ...-til 341
KIIB dUTU-mu-ba-li-it Samag-muballit s Ili-kimti 153
KIMIB 4UTU-ra-bi Samag-rabi s Ak§aja 96
KIM!B dUTU-we-de-ku Samar-wedeku s Samag-geme 251
354
KIMIB gu-mu-um-li-ib-?fi Sumum-libii s Sin-iqi§am
KIMIB X X rtil/hu? ...] 273
LU-_dUTU Awi1-Samag 342
LU-_ UTU Awil-,Samag 217
364
1i-sa6-ga Lu-saga s Warad-KObi
mi-sa-rum-na-sir M i§arum-na-sir 204

d
Silli-Samag s Ahum-waqar 240
MI- UTU
mu-ha-di-tum Muhadditum 361

mu-na-wi-rum Munawwirum s Ikun-pia 223
mu-na-wi-rum Munawwirum s Ikfin-pi,a 309
336
na-ah-mu-um-dda-gan Nahmum-Dagan s Sin-lqigam
na-bi_duTu Nabi-Samag s Ili-mfaliki 248
na-bi_duTu Nabi-Samag s Awil-ili 325
Nara-m-ili§u 148
na-ra-am-i-li-gu
Nur-ili~u s Sin-ublam 280
nu-t~r-i-li-gu
Pala-Samag s IIlu-ibbi§u 157
pa-la-duTu
pu-hu-um Puhum s Samag-imitti 212
Puzur-Sama§ 328
Wpzm-zurs-d UTU
Ipiq-ersetim s NOir-Ba-'u 197
SIG-er-si-tim
SIG- dIM Ipqu-Adad 234

358
SIG-qa-tum Ipqatum
Sin-e... 299
30-e-[...]
Sin-eribam s Ikun-pi§a 158

30-e-ri-ba-am
30-e-ri-ba-am Sin-eribam s Ipiq-Adad 287

Sin-gamil s Warad-Sin 147
30-ga-mil
316
30-gim-la-an-ni Sin-gimlanni
Sin-iddinam s Etel-pi-Sin 265

30-i-din-nam
Sin-iddinam s Iddin-Sama§ 188
30-i-din-nam
30-i-din-nam Sin-iddinam s lddin-Samag 250

Sin-iddinam 330
30-i-din-nam
30-id-di-nam Sin-iddinam s Sin-remrni 322
Sin-ina-m-atim s Aham-ar§i 185
30-i-na-ma-tim
331
30-ma-gir Sin-magir s Eribam
Sin-nasir 249
30-na-sir
30-na-sir Sin-nasir s Ennam-Sin 388

Sin-r-emeni s Ribam-ili 241
30-re-me-ni
Sin-§eme s Aw-il-il-i 420

30-.§e-me
221
30-[...] Sin-...
Silli-Sama, s Ahum-waqar 240

sil_li_dUTU
Sin-na-sir f Hulaltum 421
sa 30-na-sir
Sarrum-Adad s Ili-ba.ni 278
gar-rum-.aiM
Se-rum-i-li Sferum-ili s Nfihija 256
Nannatum s Ana-Sin-takliiku 242
d§E§.KI-tum
u-bar-duTu Ubar-Sama§ s Nfemelum 212
287
dUTU-ba-ni Sama§-ba-ni s Ipiq-Adad
Sarna,-bfil-ili s Silli-Samag 212
dUTU-be-el-DINGIR
dUTU-be-el-i-li Samag-bl-ili s Silli-Samai 258
284
dUTU-IGI-ma-tim Samag-ina-mrntim s Sabibum
Sama§-tillassu s Sin-la-4an.n? 163
dUTU-KASKAL-SU
163
dUTU-KASKAL-SU Samag-tillassu s Itti-Enlil-qinni?
Utu-mansum s Sin-gi.mil 129
dUTU-MA.AN.SUM
390
dUTu-na-sir Sama§-n asir

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
dUTU-ra-bi Samas-rabi s Warad-uba... 131

[...]-du-tim .. .dutim 297
[.. .]x-i-din-nam ...-iddinam 165
6. Text type (relating to drawn seals)

Description Date BM No. Description Date BM No.
Adoption and 28/7?/11 82427 Lease of field Ha 24 17462A
support contract Lease of field 5/12/26 82254
Adoption (sr) 15/6/18 97108 Lease of field Ha 26 17475A
Adoption (sr) -/-/33 78812 Lease of field Ha 26 81301
Adoption, gift, l 1/[x]/15 82441 Lease of field -/-/27 79759
support contract Lease of field Ha 27 82139
Bequest 9/12/32 17064A Lease of field [xl/9/29 82195
Bequest -/-/34 16961 Lease of field 18/8/30 92647
Bequest 25/02/xx 16913 Lease of field Ha 30 17464 + A
Bequest Ha 78756 Lease of field 22/2/32 82267
Contract for date 14/7/24 82348 Lease of field 82063
5/12/32
cultivation Lease of field Ha 32 17460A
Cultivation lease 15/6/13 82062 Lease of field [x]/8/33 82114
Donation 20/3/10 17045A Lease of field -/Ezen 79879
Dowry for adopted Ha 23 or 25 17063A
dIskur/33
naditu
Lease of field Ha 33 82260
Exchange of real 12/11? 16842A Lease of field Ha 35 82088
estate
Ha 35 82320
Gift (mill-stone) -/-/41 82419
82419 Lease
Lease of
of field
field -/1/38 74421A
Hire of person 16/1/2
821707 Lease of field 25?/2/38 82391
Hire of person 1/11/28
82212A Lease of field -/2/40 82107
Hire of workmen Ha 3 or S'na
7254 9 Lease of field Ha 40 60882
5
Ha 40 82097
House exchange Ha 17072A Lease of field
Ha 40 82121
Inheritance Ha 1 17436A Lease of field
Ha 40 82189
Inheritance -/-/ 18 82434A Lease of field
Ha 40 82340
Inheritance Ha 27 17098A Lease of field
Ha 41 82230
Inheritance Ha 34 78766 Lease of field
Ha 41 82294
Inheritance Ha 17352A Lease of field
[x]/2/42 82233
Inheritance Ha 192580 Lease of field
Inheritance 31/6/[x] 82399 Lease of field -/Dumuzi/42 82270
16821A Lease of field Ha 42 82137

Inheritance, bequest 1/-/43 (?)
Lawsuit (re slave girl) 20/12/24 82431 Lease of field -/1/43 81051
Lease of field 3/1/1 81170 Lease of field -/-/43 17470A
Lease of field Ha 1 67324A Lease of field 33/8/[ x] 82114
Lease of field 1/2/3 78679 Lease of field Ha [x] 17458A
Lease of field Ha 3 81505 Lease of orchard 7/7/37 16843A
Lease of field 18/1/5 82255 List of animals and 20/1/35 78301
Lease of field Ha 7 80842 slaves
Lease of field 35/1/10 81272 Litigation 15/11/1 92661 A
Lease of field Ha 10 82085 Litigation [x]/8/6 80144
Lease of field Ha 10 82095A Litigation 21/4/7? 17434A
Lease of field Ha 10 82249 Litigation 10/5/11 17046 + A
Lease of field Ha 11 17390 Litigation re tablet Ha 13 82064A
Lease of field 5/5/14 82262 Litigation -/11/14 16844A
Lease of field 6/13/14 82183 Litigation -/9/15 82043
Lease of field Ha 15 82257 Litigation Ha 80098
Lease of field Ha 16 82242 Litigation (re slave Ha 82501
Lease of field 20/3/17 81368 pledged as security)
Lease of field 24/9/17 82377 Loan -/-/11 82499
Lease of field Ha 17 82123 Loan -/-/16 92573A
Lease of field Ha 17 82326 Loan -/-/20 82227
Lease of field Ha 17 82068 Loan 1/10/25 92575A
Lease of field -/-/18 79984 Loan of barley -/-/16 82232
Lease of field 18/3/21 17448A Loan of barley 21/11/16 17194A
Lease of field 15/3/24 17469A Loan of barley 27/12/18 17093A

96.227.82.176 on Fri, 08 Jan 2021 21:38:59 UTC
Memorandum (real 4/4/4? 80477 Sale (e.ki.gal) Ha 9 or 33 82417

estate) Sale? (e.ki.gal(s)) Ha 38 17325
Nursing contract (fr) -/-/9 82393A Sale (e.ki.gal) Ha [x] 17401A
Nursing contract 4/9/39 16939 Sale (e.ki.gal) [x]/10/Hla? 82402A
(teniqum) Sale of field 14/x/ll 17082A
Real estate exchange Ha 9 78280 Sale of field -/-/11I 16835A
Receipt (payment) 1/2/42 78724 Sale of field Ha 14 17441A
Rent of house Ha 16 82102 Sale of field Ha 17 17445A
Rent of house Hla 18 82100 Sale of field [x]/9/21 92595A
Rent of house 1/8/20 82229 Sale of field 7/5/25 17069A
Rent of house 1/7/21 82128 Sale of field 25/9/30 92650 +A
Rent of house 1/2/32 82266 Sale of field 21/9/[x] 92595A
Rent of house Ha 36 82250 Sale of two fields 7/8/16 17057A
Rent of house 1/9/37 78561 Sale of house -/-/7 16824A
Rent of house -/-/40 78734 Sale of house -/08/10 16853
Rent of house Ija 40 82286 Sale of house -/9/12 92501
Rent of house 30/[ x]/xx 17501 Sale of house -/10/14 17062A
Rent of house Ha 10/8/? 92591 Sale of house -/8/15 17438A
Rent of rugbum 25/12a/26 82129 Sale of house Ia 15 92584A
Rent of rugbum 9/x/40 80892 Sale of house Ha 18 or 24 82469
Rent of rugbum Ha 40 82074 Sale of house 5/8/34 16829A
Rent of rugbum Ha 43 82157 Sale of slave and 21/10/35 80305
Rental of field -/-/13 82273 child
Rental of field 21/2/32 81017 Sale of slave-girl and Ha 92644A
Rental of field -/3/36 80544 ox
Rental of field 15/Aiari/38 80659 Sale of threshing Ha 6 16827
Rental of field 1/2/43 82269 floor
Repayment contract -/11/30 82371 Sale of threshing Ha 3 16841A
Sale (real estate) Ha 9 78280 floor and tower
Sale (garden plot) Ha [x] 92638A Sale of threshing Ha 4 17056A
Sale (e.ki.gal) 1/11/41 17440A floor
Sale (e.ki.ud) 8/11/11 17047A Settlement of estate Ha 80128
Sale (e.ki.gal) 1/-/14 16815A Support contract 20/4/2 82459
Sale (e.ki.gal) -/-/14 17071A Support contract -/8/28 82411

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Sealing and Seals: Seal-Impressions from the Reign of Hammurabi on Tablets from

Sippar in the British Museum

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200456

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SEALING AND SEALS:

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kept in general cloister archives or in the living quarters of the administrators. It is im

2.1. Sealing practices

5 For example, in the group of texts where Mannasi me-gama§

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2.2. Annotations or KISIBS

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2.4. Hems (sissiktu) and nails (supru)

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title, and as names repeat themselves but sometimes without a patronymic, it is pr

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4.2. Who sealed

4.2.1. Witnesses of status

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4.2.2. Gods as witnesses

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5.2. Borrowing and sharing

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5.3. Multiple seal ownership

5.4. Recycled seals

5.5. Naditu seals

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5.6. Seals with divine names and invocations

7.1. The seals

7.2. Seals and status

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7.3. Noteworthy seals

7.3. Non-workshop, unconventional andforeign seals

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7.4. The perception of Sippar glyptic

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The drawings range from a scale of 3:2 to 2: 1.

B buyer L left rev. reverse

bot. bottom LE left edge RN royal name

1. 78280, CT 45.20, Ha 9, sale. Obv. L top/mid.,

mid., bot., 20 mm. Sarrum-Samas, son of Ilsu-nasir, merchant

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AJL - "p -7""

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ka-lu-mu-um / DUMU dIM-re-rme-nil 17469A, / riR1 Dekiere

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46. 17086A, Dekiere 1994: 290, Ha 40, litiga-

56. 82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7/11,

51. 17045A, CT 47.30A (3), 20/3/10, inherit-

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59. 92650, Dekiere 1994: 238, Gailani-Werr

82427, CT 8.48A, Schorr 1913: 27, 28/7/11,

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74. 82266, Dekiere 1994: 246, 1/2/32, rent. Rev.

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