Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials at Low Temperatures

AlllOO TflflMTM
NBS NAT-L INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.
PUBLICATIONS
A111 00988494
/NBS monograph
^
QC100 .U5 V13:1960 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 1959
DATE DUE
384
CAYLORD PRINTCOINU.S.A.
UNITED STxA^TES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Frederick H. Mueller, Secretary
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director
Mechanical Properties of Structural
Materials at Low Temperatures

A Compilation from the Literature
R. Michael McClintock and Hugh P. Gibbons
National Bureau of Standards Monograph 13

Issued June 1, 1960
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1.50 (Buckram)
^
Rafeal Bureau # Sts:?dardi
KC 2 9 1960
Foreword
The advent of space vehicles which utilize cryogenic fluids for propellants has
greatly increased activity in the field of cryogenic engineering in recent years.
Large capacity gas liquefaction plants have become necessary to supply cryogenic
fluids in theamounts needed for rocket testing. With these plants and the rockets
themselves has come the need for associated cryogenic equipment such as valves,
pumps, liquid transfer lines, flov^ indicators, pressure switches, temperature and
level sensing devices, and, in fact, all the equipment used in handling liquids at
other more convenient temperatures.
Intelligent design of reliable cryogenic equipment such as this requires the
existence of data on the mechanical properties of structural solids at low tempera-
tures ; data which are all too scattered or too scarce to suit most designers. This
book, therefore, is issued to help fill the need for a compilation of useful design
figures.
Contents
Page
Introduction III
Scales for interpolation IX

Graphs for:
Aluminum and its alloys 1
Copper and its alloys 36

Nickel and its nonferrous alloys 62
Titanium and its alloys 72
Magnesium alloys 79
Austenitic stainless steels 93
Ferritic and hardenable stainless steels 120
Low alloy constructional steels 128
Superalloys (alloys of Co, Ni, Cr, W, Mo) 148
Brazing and soldering metals___ 154
Miscellaneous alloys and pure metals 160
Nonmetallic materials. 175
References 177
II
Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials
at Low Temperatures
A Compilation from the Literature

R. Michael McClintock and Hugh P. Gibbons
The tensile strength, yield strength, tensile elongation, and impact energy
of about two hundred materials, metallic^ and nonmetallic, are given graphically
as functions of temperature between 4° and 300° Kelvin.
Introduction
The designer of equipment which must operate at very low tempera-
tures isfaced at some time in the design with the problems of making
material selections and of performing initial stress calculations.
This is no less true, of course, when a device is being designed for
use at other temperatures, but the dearth of data on the mechanical
properties of commercial materials at low temperatures must certainly
be disconcerting to the design engineer who is looking for a material
to act as a structural member in a cryogenic device. It is hoped that
this compilation of some of the mechanical properties of materials
will assist the designer by making available in one publication reliable
data which have appeared in the literature or which, in some cases,
have not yet been published.
The selection of a material for fabrication of a part can usually be
made in several ways, but very often the simplest method involves
the establishing of some figure of merit for the application at hand,
and comparing materials on the basis of this figure. For example,
double shell, vacuum insulated, cryogenic storage containers often
require tension support members for their inner shells. Since it is
desirable that such members conduct as little heat as possible into
the inner shell from the surroundings of the vessel, an obvious figure
of merit for the material to be selected is its yield strength divided by
its mean thermal conductivity. (The appropriate yield strength
figure is the lowest value for the material over the temperature range
in which it operates.) Âîen the most promising materials have
been compared on the basis of these figures of merit, then the more
qualitative aspects can be examined. These may include such things
as the ease of fabrication or the weldability of the material. In some
cases, it may even be desirable to assign arbitrary values to the qualita-
tive properties of the materials, and so to construct fairly complex
figures of merit for the purpose of material selection.
Following the choice of a proper material, the designer will make
initial stress calculations in order to get an idea of the size of the
structural components necessary to sustain the working loads. Here
again the mechanical properties of the materials must be known.
It is to assist these two phases of low temperature equipment design
that the present compilation of properties is especially presented.
The data are presented with the idea that an engineer who is mak-
ing initial calculations on equipment for operation at cryogenic
temperatures is more interested in obtaining quickly a definite figure
than he is in evaluating the experimental data given in several
detailed reports on the same material. The graphs and tables pre-
sented here, consequently, represent an attempt by the authors to
III
perform an evaluation of data which have appeared in the literature
and to present the design engineer with the result. The curves
therefore appear as lines representing the mechanical properties
as functions of temperature, and not as bands representing maximum
and minimum values reported.
Such an evaluation process is bound to be somewhat subjective. If
it were not, the reduction of data to line graphs could better be per-
formed by the most convenient digital computer programed to provide
the best fitting polynomial of degree "n." Unless the data were
weighted judiciously, such a curve would be little more than a mathe-
matical delight and perhaps in poor keeping with the known or
suspected behavior of the properties of materials with temperature.
The curves in this book, therefore, have been constructed from data
which the authors found to be the best documented and the most
consistent with that of other investigators. In most cases whatever
errors remain after such an abridgement will be adequately compen-
sated by the designer's use of a "safety factor" in his stress analysis.
Where they are not, and greater confidence is required, the references
should be consulted for more detail.
The references will also disclose the fact that not all the available
materials have been included in this volume. Different metals or
different heat treatments of the same metal, for example, have in some
cases been omitted where it was thought that they were not the most
representative of currently available materials. Omissions were also
made in a few cases where the trend of a mechanical property as a
function of some metallurgical variable wâs thought to be adequately
demonstrated by those data selected for inclusion.
It should be remembered that any reduction of scattered mechanical
properties data to a smooth curve is an attempt to represent the "most
probable" relationship between ordinate and abscissa from among
the samples tested. Specific samples may lie above or below the curve,
however, and the discrepancies caused by commercial variation in
chemical composition, heat treatment, dimensional and experimental
errors, etc., are normally condensed into a "safety factor" by the de-
signer, whereby he sidesteps costly quality control, or more com-
plicated mathematics in the case of complex devices. The use of a
safety factor is properly the province of the design engineer since he
knows the use to which the equipment will be put, and the reliability
desired. It should therefore be subject to the designer's complete
knowledge, and not, as is sometimes the case, be applied to experi-
mental data by the authors of such reports as this and the results
presented as a table of "permissible stresses". This not only mis-
places the responsibility for safety or reliability, but in complex cal-
culations the safety factor can be compounded unintentionally. The
point of mentioning this is merely that the data in this book should
be used with caution for designs in which safety factors must be small
(as in cases of restricted weight or size) since low temperature prop-
,
erties are often sensitive to variations in thermal and mechanical his-

tory and chemical composition which are allowable within commer-
cial specifications.
In addition to these variations, limitations in experimental accu-
racy may account for some of the apparent inconsistencies which
appear in graphs in this book. For example, the tensile strength of
annealed type 803 stainless steel, which appears on page 98, lies
IV
slightly above that of the same material which has been cold drawn
10 percent and at 20° K, the same effect reappears in types 310 and 316
;
stainless steels. It is conceivable that such an effect is real, but the

authors' first inclination is to ascribe the difficulty to differences in
strain rate between observers, or to other experimental limitations.
In any event, having no better knowledge, the authors have thought
it best simply to include the curvês derived from the experimental
results and to let the apparent inconsistencies stand for the present.
The same philosophy applies to the graph of the strength of tita-
nium alloys on page 74, although the drop in tensile strength of the
two alloys at 20°K can probably be attributed to experimental error
in this case. The elongation of these two alloys is zero at 20°K, and
brittle materials are extremely sensitive to accidental surface imper-
fections or other stress raisers, even such as the radius commonly
present at the ends of the reduced section of a tensile specimen.
The mechanical properties presented in this compilation as func-
tions of temperature are tensile strength, yield strength at 0.2 percent
offset (unless otherwise noted), elongation, and impact energy. In
a few instances the reduction of area of a tensile specimen is presented
as an indication of ductility. The first three properties were ob-
tained from short time tension tests of smooth specimens which were
generally cut from bar or plate one-eighth inch thick or thicker.
Thinner sheet material is noted on the graphs. Some investigators
report "yield point'' (usually obtained by the "drop of the beam"
method) rather than yield strength. In these cases the graphs are
so noted, and the upper yield point is the one referred to.
The impact energy is the energy absorbed by a standard specimen
in breaking under an impact load. In every case the type of impact
specimen is indicated on the graph by a note wliich identifies it with
one of the specimens described in test method E23-56T of the Amer-
ican Society for Testing Materials. The notation "Charpy V" re-
fers to the type "A" specimen having the V-notch, "Charpy K" refers
to the type "B'' specimen with the keyhole notch, and "Charpy U"
refers to the type "C" specimen with the U-shaped notch. Izod speci-
mens are type "D" in the ASTM specifications.
The Kelvin temperature scale is so Avidely used in cryogenics that
all data have been converted to these units for consistency. For the
convenience of those to whom a Fahrenheit temperature means more,
extra scales have been included on pages ix and x. These may
be cut out and held along the abscissa to allow interpolation as well
as direct reading in degrees Fahrenheit. The extra scales also con-
tain divisions corresponding to the ordinate mechanical properties
for interpolation.
Adjacent to each curve are several numbers in brackets. These
numbers correspond to the references in the bibliography at the end
of the graphical section and indicate the sources of data from which
the curve was constructed. On graphs where two or more curves
appear for the same material, the reference numbers given for one
curve apply to the rest. Because of the scarcity of published data,
some of the references quoted are from unpublished records.
In most cases smooth curves are used to represent the behavior of
the mechanical properties as functions of temperature. These curves
represent interpolation between experimental data points as men-
tioned before. In some cases, however, the data are joined by
V
straight lines, and intermediate or end points are indicated. Where
this occurs, it is because either a scarcity of data or a doubt on the
part of the authors cautioned against drawing a smooth curve.
The authors have tried to use nomenclature which is consistent with
etforts of the various technical societies and manufacturers' asso-
ciations to classify and standardize metal specifications. When am-
biguities might still exist, nominal or reported compositions have
been used in addition to the name of a material. In a few cases pro-
prietary names have been given when they have become so commonly
used that other designations might be confusing.
Throughout the book several abbreviations are used on the graphs.
These correspond with usual metallurgical practice in this country
stress is given in psi (pounds per square inch), impact energy in ft-lb
(foot-pounds), and tensile elongation in percent in 4D (four diame-
ters) where this ASTM recommendation Avas adhered to. The per-
centage of cold drawing or cold reduction given on many of the
graphs refers to reduction of area rather than reduction of diameter.
"OQ & T" means "oil quenched and tempered", "WQ & T" means
"waterquenched and tempered", "AC" means "air-cooled", "RB" and
"RC" mean "Rockwell B hardness" and "Rockwell C hardness",
respectively. Heat treating temperatures are given in degrees Fahr-
enheit, which is common in metallurgy in this country. Also w^henever
the metallurgical condition of the specimens was stated in the litera-
ture, it is appended to the curves. It is surprising, by the way, to
find in the literature data derived from material described only as
"soft yellow brass" or "soft bronze". An attempt was made to extract
meaning from these data, but for the most part the value of such
information is not great. Laboratory analysis of the materials tested
and careful control of the thermal and mechanical history of the
materials investigated would help immensely to establish the reliability
and the usefulness of mechanical properties data.
Probably the first thing learned by a newcomer to the cryogenic
field about the properties of materials is that some materials become
brittle at low temperatures and are therefore miusable in many struc-
tural applications at these temperatures. The literature is studded
with accounts of spectacular brittle service failures which would not
have occurred at higher temperatures. There are certain applica-
tions, however, in which it would be a mistake to apply the ductility
criterion in the selection of a material for low temperature service.
Springs are an example. The authors are aware of an instance in
which the most suitable material for a low temperature coil spring
was not considered because it would be brittle at the service tempera-
ture. The ductility criterion should not generally be applied in such
cases since a smooth coil spring having no re-entrant comers is care-
fully designed to act as an elastic member and usually need not pos-
sess any ductility for its satisfactory service. Professor Collins at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for example, has success-
fully used carbon steel valve springs in expansion engines for the
liquefaction of nitrogen and helium.
For most structural applications, however, the engineer would like
some assurance that the material he selects will not be brittle at the
service temperature. If it were, his hardware would be liable to
catastrophic failure in the event of accidental impact or vibration loads
at a point where local stresses occurred in excess of those for which he
VI
has allowed. "Ductile" materials, of course, are capable of redistribut-
ing local stresses in excess of their yield strength by the mechanism of
plastic floAY. One great difficulty, however, has been that of devising
a laboratory test which will predict satisfactorily whether a material
will behave in a ductile or a brittle manner in service. The plastic
elongation of a tensile specimen is not a satisfactory index, since many
materials which show plastic deformation in a tensile test at a given
temperature have been known to fail in a J>rittle manner in service at
the same (or even higher) temperatures. Ordinary low carbon steel,
for example, which Eldin and Collins ^ find to be completely brittle in
a tensile test only below 65 °K, has a record of many service failures at
temperatures only moderately below room temperature. Obviously
the behavior of a material under the conditions of uniaxial stress
present in the usual tensile test does not provide a sufficiently good
prediction of its behavior under multiaxial stress conditions.
The beam impact test, in which a standard-size bar is subjected to a
high-velocity blow, while popular because of its convenience, is also
deficient in some respects as an index of performance of a material in
ser\dce. A
correlation has been obtained between service performance
and impact energy for steels by Jaffee et al.,^ but such a correlation
applicable to all materials has not yet been found. One difficulty seems
to be that light metals pay an unjust penalty in the impact test. Mag-
nesium alloys, for example, exhibit low impact strength, but have been
satisfactorily used in the aircraft industry in structural applications in
which they receive impact loads. So whereas the tensile elongation
of a material seems to be too optimistic an indication of service
ductility, the energy absorbed in an impact test seems in some cases to
give information which is too pessimistic.
The energy absorbed in an impact test can be deceptive for still
other reasons. For example, the energy value is affected considerably
by incomplete breakage of a very ductile specimen. When this occurs,
a portion of the energy recorded in a Charpy test is the result of forc-
ing the specimen through the supports of the machine. Consequently
this occurrence, along with other supplementary information such as
the character of the fracture surface, is sometimes of even greater
importance than the absolute value of the energy absorbed.
As a simple laboratory test which will provide a suitable analogy
to the service performance of a material, the notch tensile test is gain-
ing acceptance for some purposes. The test is performed either at low
strain rates in tensile equipment or at high strain rates, usually in
impact machines which have been modified for this use. "Notches"
almost always exist, of course, in any manufactured part in the form
of weld craters, rivet holes, re-entrant comers, or simply accidental
scratches and the notch-tensile test provides an indication of the abil-
;
ity of a material to sustain working stresses in the presence of such

stress raisers. A
properly designed notch-tensile specimen also con-
tains an area of bi-axial or tri-axial stress as well, so information can
be gained about the performance of the material under these
conditions.
There are other types of laboratory tests which have been devised
to predict the performance in service of structural materials, each a
1 See reference 29.

2 Jaffee, Kosting. Jones, Bluhm, Hurlich, and Wallace, Impact tests help engineers
specify steel, SAE Journal, March 1951.
VII
compromise between simplicity and universality on the one hand, and
degree of applicability to the service requirement on the other. For
the most part, airframe and component manufacturers make the com-
promise in the latter direction. Their test specimens consequently
consist of subassemblies, complete components, or even entire complex
assemblies. In industries in which weight is not a prime considera-
tion, and larger safety factors can be used, the tendency is toward the
simpler tests. Obviously, economic considerations make the simple
experiment the more desirable, and until a simple test is devised which
is a reliable index of service performance, most design engineers will
content themselves Avith the less desirable information provided by
the usual tensile and impact tests in the first stages of design.
The greatest amount of information in the literature which indi-
cates something about the ductility of a material is in the form of
tensile elongation or impact data. Therefore, while not the most sat-
isfactory indications of ductility, these two mechanical properties are
reported in addition to yield and tensile strengths in this book.
The authors take pleasure in acknowledging the assistance of L. J.

Ericks in the preparation of this book. His careful drafting is re-
sponsible for the final appearance of the graphs.
VIII
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SCALES FOR INTERPOLATION

ON GRAPHS IN THIS COMPILATION
IX
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TEMPERATURE ,
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TEMPERATURE, ® K
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SCALES FOR INTERPOLATION

ON GRAPHS IN THIS COMPILATION
X
Aluminum and Its Alloys
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
YIELD STRENGTH OF 100 ALUMINUM
1
2
3
30
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE, *>K
ELONGATION OF 2011 ALUMINUM

90x10^
80
3], ROLLEC FORGED
1,
ROLLED, GORGED,
EXTRUD ED
70
60
4
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cn
cn
LiJ
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30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF 2014 ALUMINUM
40
4J, ROLLE:d, drawn
T4 [4,43]
FORGED, T4[4], F{OLLED,DF{AWN
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TEMPERATURE,
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TEMPERATURE ,«K
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STRENGTH OF 2018 AND 2218
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
25
20
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vl- 15
\
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K
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ALUMINUM ALLOYS
540232 O -60 -2
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF 2024 ALUMINUM
80x10
• CONDIT ION OF SP ECIMEN IN REF. [58] S NOT ST ATED
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TEMPERATURE, K
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TEMPERATURE, ^'K
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15
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50 100 150 200 250 300
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12
80 X 10
70
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50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
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TEMPERATURE,
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TEMPERATURE,
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
80x10'
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
17
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K

50
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CVJ 30
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20
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k 10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, <»K
H 113
CO 40
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20
10
TENSILE
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ^^'K
50
40
[1]
30
20
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
20
70
60
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r 1
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TEMPERATURE,
SPECIAL CHARPY V SPECIME ViS -

ASTM STANDARD E XCEPT W IDTH WA<
r\KI IN/ KC llkl/^ LJ
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20
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-T -0 [71]
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50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
120
CHARP r V
100
0[7l]-
80
60
40
20
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE/K
80 X 10"
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
54023E O - 60 -3
24
90 u
X lO"
80
r
-H 321 L u
70
60
Q. 0 ."]
" 50
CO
cr 40 1
321
30
20
10
T ENSILE
lELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
40
]
c 20
H i2l [l]
-
Q 10
o
v_
Q.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
25
70x 10^-
65
60
55
50
T4[4.43]
45
Q.
YIELD
I I I I I
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
26
^0[4,43
4 [4,43]
/T6[4, 43]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE , K
CHARPY K
\t6[-rs]
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
28
55
50
>,43,7l]
45
40
r4[4.43]
35
Q
vcf
30
c /T6[ 4,43,71, IC )3]
25
c
a>
o
20
Q.
15
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
15
CI HARPY K
10
\T6[7f ), 103]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE/K
AL L SPECirvIENS PRC)M EXTRLiSIONS
/0[4,^;3]
/T42[43 ]
Q 40
/ T5[4,43]
c 30
§ 20 — 1t6[ 4,43]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
30
70x10'
60
/T6, F( )RGED[4;
50
Q. 1
- 40
(O
(/)
UJ
q: 30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
r-
1
J, FORGED [4]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
—
31
lo--
—
)
1
/T6, SHE iT [43,
/T6, RO 43
71]
7 1 103]
/ V
)
^ fje, EXTFFUSIONS
N.^4^ 57]
Q.
(/)
if)
)
^^^^^
UJ
a: T6, SHE et/
*—
) \
^T6, ROD
,43]
TENSILE
—-YIELD 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K

10
/T6, R DD, CHARF K [103]

/
"^^ , EXTRUS IONS [57];
/ IZOD
^ 5
\T6.f ?0D, CHAF PY V[7l]
> 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,*»K
20
15
CVJ
-T6, FOF ?GED [65]
10
c
5
8
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
10
CHARP> 1
-T6, FORGED [^S]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
70 X 10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
STRENGTH OF SAND CAST
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
35
CURVE ALLOY REF.
1 43 [ 1
]
2 142 - T77 [ 1
]
3 355 - T5I [ 1
]
4 355 - T 7
5 356 . TCI
T 51 r 1 1
'
6 356 - T7 [ ]
h '
4_^—
^^3 2/
TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF SAND CAST
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
10
CHAR PY K
^195 - T6 [75]
^356 - T6 [75]
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE ."K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SAND CAST
ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Copper and Its Alloys
36
X 10"
^COLD DRAWN , HlARD

[71]
A NNEALED
[9,17, 33,70,71,6^3, 88,90]
^NNEA LED [33,"rol
TEINSILE
Yl ELD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
STRENGTH OF OXYGEN FREE

HIGH CONDUCTIVITY COPPER
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF OXYGEN FREE

-ANNEAL .ED [67]
NNEALEC [17]
^
^ 40
CHARPY
— IZOD
i
K
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
IMPACT ENERGY OF OXYGEN FREE
38
300 X 10^
TREATMENT
SOLUTION TREATED
SOLUTION TREATED 8 AGE HARDENED
COLD DRAWN - HALF HARD
CD. HALF HARD 8 AGE HARDENED
NOMINAL COMPOSITIONS
A WROUGHT - Be 2, Co .3, Cu BAL
o CAST - Be 2, Co .6, Cu BAL
100 150 200 300
TEMPERATURE ,
STRENGTH OF BERYLLIUM COPPER

s
39
70 COMPOSITIONS a TREATMENTS SAME AS
GIVEN ON PAGE 38.
60
•5 50
c
40 .r^^-kH-Z GAGE LENGTH.

'
[71]
c 30
o
a>
Q. 20
10
A^HT[80]
O AT [80]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF BERYLLIUM COPPER
120
COMPOSITIONS TREATf\/IENTS f35 S AME AS
GIVEN ON PAGIE 38.
100
1
CH ARPY K
A[t 10]
CH ARPY V
80
x> 60
40 -a|h [8 0]
20
T[80] — ÂAT[80]
^
-O AT [80 ]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE. **K
IMPACT ENERGY OF BERYLLIUM COPPER

540232 O - 60 -4
40
X 10
/-A Be -Zn, ^HT [80]
A Be-Co, ^HT[80]
ÂE e-Zn,^H T
t-j DC >^>'t
Ar /
DC kÔ, I
[80]
A Be-Co,
[71]
TfENSILE
Y ELD
NOMINAL COMPOSITIONS
BERYLLIUM - COBALT BRONZE!
A WROUGHT — Be .6, Co 2.6, Cu BAL.
OCAST -Be .4, Co 2.3, Cu BAL.
BERYLLIUM -ZINC BRONZE!
A WROUGHT - Be I.L Zn .9, Cu BAL.
CONDITION TREATMENT
AT SOLUTION TREATED 8 AGE HARDENED.
VzH COLD DRAWN TO HALF HARD CONDITION.
/2HT CD. HALF HARD AND AGE HARDENED.
'/4HT CD. QUARTER HARD AND AGE HARDENED.
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE
STRENGTH OF BERYLLIUM BRONZES
41
60
COMPOJ5ITI0NS a TREAT^/lENTS S AME AS
GIVEN ON PAGE 40.
50 \
-ABe-Co, Ah - 2"g )TH
[71]
g 40 V
c
c 30 A Re-Zn 4-HT fsol
S 20 ABe-C o,^HT[8
0)
/ ,
^^^
o Be-Co, AT[80]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF BERYLLIUM BRONZES
COMPOSITIONS £i TREAT MENTS >AME

S AS
GIVEN ON PAG E 40.
— CH^\RPY K
ch;\RPY V /-ABe-C< ),iHT[7i ]
jHT[80]
ABe-Zn,:^ HT
[80] ^ oBe-Co, AT [80]
\
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF BERYLLIUM BRONZES
60-39+1 7o Sn,
ROLLED [90]
(NAVAL BRASS)
80
ANNEALED
67-33,
(YELLOW BRASS)
[15]
^70
70-30, ANNEALED,
UJ (CARTRIDGE BRASS)[l7]
cr
60
50
TENSILE
'yield point
40 the beam) except as noted
NAVAL BRASS
1 ROLLED
"
70-30, ANNEALED, I
^^J^
'^'^^^
30 (.l7o OFFSET YIELD
^
\J
^1 STRENGTH)
25
t
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF SOME ALPHA BRASSES
43
80
-70-30, ANNEALED [l?]^
70 (CARTRIDGE BRASS).
60
67-33, ANNEALEDr7
(YELLOW BRASS)
50 [15]
60-39+ I % Sn,
cvi40 ROLLED [90]
c (NAVAL BRASS)
c 30
o
Q)
^20
10
67-33,40 7o CD. [l5],
(YELLOW BRASS) |
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF ALPHA BRASSES
CHARPY V 67-33, ANNEALED [is]

100 IZOD
CHARPY K
80
£ 60
^ 40
NAVAL BRASS, CD. HARD [49]

20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF ALPHA BRASSES
44
COMPOSITIONS
ALLOY %Cu 7o Pb %Sn %Zn
A FREE CUTTING MUNTZ METAL 58.7 1.3 BAL.
B ARCHITECTURAL "BRONZE" 57.6 3.0 .55 BAL.
C FREE CUTTING BRASS 61 3 36
120 X 10
110
100
90
V) 'A" COLD DRAWN 12% [l5]
/B',' ANNEALED [9]

80
if)
(/)
LU 70
\-
60
50
0.5 % OFFSET A. COLD DRAWN 12%
YIELD STRENGTI
40
30
A. ANNEALED
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD POINT BY DROP OF BEAM EXCEPT AS NOTED.
I
I \ L \
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
«K
STRENGTH OF LEADED BRASSES
45
60
FREE CUTTING MUNTZ METAL,
ANNEALED [is]
50 +
(ARCHITECTURAL "BRONZE"
ANNEALED [9
40
COMPOSITION AS
GIVEN ON PAGE 44.
CVJ 30
COLD DRAWN 12% [is]
c 20
O
u
a> 10
Ql FREE CUTTING BRASS
ROLLED [90] I
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF LEADED BRASSES
60
GHARRY V
GHARRY K
50
40 FREE CUTTING BRASS,

ANNEALED[49] FREE CUTTING MUNTZ METAL,
ANNEALED [iS]
30

20 COLD DRAWN 12% [is]
i
10
^FREE CUTTING BRASS,
COLD DRAWN, HALF HARD [49]
\ \
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
IMPACT ENERGY OF LEADED BRASSES
46
xlO 1 1 '
1
NOMINAL COMPOSITION : 60 Cu - 40 Zn
140
130
120
110
100
LD DRAW N 257o[i 5]
90
80
UJ 70
q:
ANNE ALED-^
[15 ]
^ 60
50
40
^ÂN NEALED
30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD POIhJT BY DRC)P OF BEiIXM
, 1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF MUNTZ METAL
,
47
60;
7
S 50 'ANNEAL iD Ll5j
u
•£ 40
CJ
•E 30 nRAVAyM
,
/ UULUn
pni UnAWPM PRO/., r 1
«^"
c
<1>
S 20
Q.
10 1
-
NOMINAL COMP OSITION :
60 Cu 40 Zn
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE
ELONGATION OF MUNTZ METAL
CHARF V
ANNEALE D[i5]
OLD DRA WN 25% [15]
T 30
NOMI NAL COM POSITION : 60 Cu - 40 Zn

:—i
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
IMPACT ENERGY OF MUNTZ METAL

,
48
U
160 X 10 r - -" -T 1
1
1
COMPOSITIONS COMPLY WITH ASTNA DESIGN ATIONS

BI50-54 AND BI48-52
150 1 1 1
WATEF QUENCH ED FROM I650°F

<
AND T EMPERED AT 1200 °F

140 1
\LLOY 9D CAST AN D
HEAT TR EATED. [4"']
130
120
v,/ALL0Y9D, CAST AND
^^..ÂNNEALED [47]
I 10
t\LLOY 9 A CAST
AND AN NEALED [a 7]
100
ALLOY 3 WROUGHT
Q.
AND ANNE:ALED [47]
^90
(n
(/)
9D, HEAT TREATEC
UJ 80
70
^^9D, ANNEALEC )
60
9A, ANNE i\LED\^
50
3, ANNEA
40
30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD STREN GTH (0.5 °/'o OFFSET)
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, **K
STRENGTH OF ALUMINUM BRONZES
49
60 /ALLOY 3, WROU (jH 1 AND
/ ANN lALED [471
50
COMPOSITIONS AS
SHOWN ON PAGE 48.
40 /ALLOY 9A ^ST AND
, Zl.
/ ANNEALED
30
\LLOY 9D CAST AN D
/
ANNEALE D [47] —
20
10
\alloy 9D, CAST AND [47]
HEAT T REATED *
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF ALUMINUM BRONZES
80 '
CHAF?PY V
70
ALLOY 3, WROUGHl AND
ANNEAL ED [47]
60
COMPOSITIONS AS
SHOWN ON PAGE 48.
50
40
30
ALLOY 9 A, CAST A ND
ANNEAL ED [47]^
20
ALLOY S D, CAST /s ND
ANNEA LED [47],
10
ÂLLOY 3D, CAST \ND
? 1.
HEAT TREATED ^' [47]

50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF ALUMINUM BRONZES
50
150 X 0^
10 1
COM -POSITION S COMPL Y WITH !\STM /
DESIGNA TION B 50-54 F(DR WROU GHT AL B RONZE

1
140
130
120
/ ALLC)Y No. 1
/ AS -0RGED[9( f
I 10
ALLOY N
ROLLED i ANNEAL
3t IDv
100
"Ih 90
Q.
(/T 80
70
|— /-N I~J /-* f— l~\
cn
\LLOY No. 1
, FORGED
60
50
40
30
/ \LLOY No.l ROLLED a ANNEAL ,
20 (YIELD S TRENGTH, 0.1% OFFS ET)
10
NSILE
YlfELD POINT , EXCEPT AS INDIC/^TED
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, »K
STRENGTH OF 8% ALUMINUM BRONZE
51
70
COMPOSITIONS AS
SHOWN ON PAGE 50.
60
a> 50
ASTM ALLOY No.l
o AS FORGED [90]
c
40
CVJ ASTM A _LOY HoA
ROLLED a ANNEAL ED\
.E 30 [•7]
-
c
S 20
Q.
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF 8% ALUMINUM BRONZE
CHARPY K
COMPOSITIONS AS
IZOD SHOWN ON PAGE 50
\ASTf^ ALLOY ^0.1 ROLL ED,

r ,
(HA RDNESS K52 DPH) [4 9]
ÂSTM ALLOY No.

ROLLE:D a ANNElALED [l?;
^ 50 iOO 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF 8% ALUMINUM BRONZE
52
COMPOSITIONS
CAST LEADED
140
Cu 5 7. 7 % 5 6. 5 %
Mn .5 1.4
130 Sn .6 .9
Fe 1.2 I.I
Pb — 1.3
120 Al 1.0 —
Zn BAL. BAL.
I 10
100
. 1 FA DED, ROLL_ED AND
NEALED [l 7]
— 90
Q.
en 80
en Qnil /
^S
> CAST [
70
cn
60
50
H
\S CAST [ 90]
40 0^
30
20
z LEADED,
(YIELD
F OLLED AN D ANNEAL ED
S TRENGTH AT 0.1% 0 FFSET)
[17].
10
TENSILE
YIELD POINT EXCEPT A S INDICAT ED
_.. r.„, I
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,*»K
STRENGTH OF MANGANESE BRONZES
j
53
50
COMPOSI TIONS AS
GIVEN 0 N PAGE 52 \S CAST [< 90]
V) 40
/
\
o
£ 30 ^
^ L EADED, R OLLED AN D X
CVJ
c 20
ANNEALED [17] —
§ 10
V.
a;
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, '^K
ELONGATION OF MANGANESE BRONZES
COMPOSITIONS
COMMON NAME Cu Sn Pb Zn Other
A -OUNCE METAL 85 5 5 5
PLASTIC BRONZE 70
B -*SEMI - 5 25
C -BEARING a BUSHING " 80 10 0 1
D -LEADED MANGANESE " 56.5 .9 1.3 38.8 1.4 Mn

30 * NOMINAL. COMPOSITIONS ONLY.
25
ROLLED A MD ANNEA LED [17]
20
Ch MRPY K
IZ OD
10
C, AS CAST ,A. AS CAST [49]
[49]
5
^B, AS CAST [49]

50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF SOME
MISCELLANEOUS BRONZES
54
180 X 10
COMPOSITIONS - 7o
CAST WROUGHT
170
Cu 88,4 90.3
Sn 10.0 8.2
160
P — .06
Zn 1.6
150
.D DRAWN , HARD [7 IJ
140
130
120
Q.I 10
CO
[SlOO
QC
\-
iD 90
80
70
60
50
\a S CAST b
40
30
TE:nsile
ELD
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF PHOSPHOR BRONZE
'
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF PHOSPHOR BRONZE
540232 O - 60 - 5
56
140 X 10^
130
120
MO
M TVDC
ACT KA A
YrL A,
1
/ COL.D DRAWN 42% [8 8]

100
90
ASTM T PE A ^
T ,
QUARTE R HARD^
80 [71] \
Q.
.70
(/)
^60
50
40 A CTM V DC A
Ao 1T r L A
K>l '
QUARTE R HARD
30
20
10
TE NSILE
YIIELD
0
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE
STRENGTH OF SILICON BRONZES
10
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, '^K
ELONGATION OF SILICON BRONZES
CHAR PY V
ASTM TYPE A, [67]

COLD Dl=?AWN, HA RD
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF SILICON BRONZES
58
ALL SPECIMENS ROLLED AND ANNEALED

140 \
130
120
I 10
100
(0.1% OFFSET)
10 ^
h—
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
STRENGTH OF CUPRO-NICKELS
ALL SPECIfVIENS RO LLED AND ANNEAL .ED
IZOD
Ni [l7]
20 % Ni [17]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF CUPRO-NICKELS
I50x 10"
100 150 200

TEMPERATURE, <»K
STRENGTH OF NICKEL SILVERS
^30 % Ni [17],
ROLLED a ANNEAL.ED
COMPOSITIONS AS
GIVEN ON PAGE 60.
IZOD
'
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *»K
IMPACT ENERGY OF NICKEL SILVERS

Nickel and Its Nonferrous Alloys
62
150x10J - "
140
130
^ AS FORGED :2.]
120
1
110
100
^90
HOT ROL LED
80
ANNEALEID'
[17,83, IC)0]
70
60
HIGH PUF{ITY(99.8 5Ni);^
ANNEAL ED [33]
50
40
30
/ANNEAL.ED [lOO]
20 „.„/
10
HK3H PURIT Y, ANNEA lE)"^""
TENSILE
[3 3] —
YIELD
: I
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
STRENGTH OF COMMERCIALLY
PURE NICKEL
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, »K
ELONGATION OF COMMERCIALLY
PURE NICKEL
64
^COLD DRAWN [30] ,
(AMOUNT NOT STATED)
ANNEALED [17]
AS CAST [45],
(NOTCH NOT GIVEN)
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
IMPACT ENERGY OF COMMERCIALLY
PURE NICKEL
65
u
/COLD )RAWN
[ 5C )%[69,82
180
170
160
150
140
V /COL D DRAWN 10 % [71 ]
130
S.I20
ISiiO
cr HOT =?OLLED[< >9]
h-
^ 100
90
80
70
COLD DR/\WN 10% [71]
60 »
50
40
TENSILE
YIELD
30
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *»K
STRENGTH OF INCONEL
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, K
ELONGATION OF INCONEL
240
CHARPY V
220
HOT ROLLED [30]

'200
180
CHARF>Y V
^ OLD DRA\ /VN 50 % '69,82]
^ 40
INCO NEL X, A(3E HARDE NED [45]
CAST [45]
( NOTCH NOT GIVEN)
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF INCONEL
67
0"
1
150
AS FORGEID [21,45]
140
.^^HO T ROLLE ) [83]
130
120
110
(A
100
***
NÂ SINEALED
[17,33,45 71] ^
CO AS FO RGED^
UJ
or 80
cn
70
V
60
>
50
HOT FPOLLED-
—
40
N
NNEALEl
30
20
10
PENSILE
HELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF MONEL
68
70 1
1
ÂNNEALED [l7.33.45]
60
HOT ROL _ED [83]
w 50
a>
O
.E 40
\S FORGE D [21,45]
.E 30
c
<f
20
Q.
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, <»K
ELONGATION OF MONEL
220
200
ANNEALED-"^
[30] \hot R OLLED U 0]
180
CHARPY V
IZOD
^160
s-
140
120
/ ANN(EALED [i"
100
80
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *»K
IMPACT ENERGY OF MONEL
69
10^
1
:OLD DRy WN 45*= [71]
210
F
I V—
Da
Y
180
J
170
F
160
E^
150
(/)
CO
Ul
or
h-
EN
Cc^
130
D^
A^
120
110
COLD DRAWN
45 % [71]
100 1 '
REF [45]
A - AMMCAICn
B - ANNEALED AND AGE HARE)ENED
C - HOT FINISHED
' U - MUI l-lNlbMtU ANU Abt MAKUtlMtU
E- COLD DRAWN 1
F - COLD DRAWN AND AGE HARDENED

TENSILE
YIELD
60 \ 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *>K
STRENGTH OF K MONEL
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *K
ELONGATION OF K MONEL
60
CH ARPY SP ECIMENS , NOTCH NOT GIN/EN
H MONEL AS CAS
, T [45]
J. 30
MorÊL,AS C AST [45]
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K
IMPACT ENERGY OF MISCELLANEOUS MONELS
71
200 X 10^
180
WATER QUENCHED
FROM I832°F [2l]
160
0)140
Q.
g>l20
100
80
COMPOSITION %
Ni 7 8.9
60
Cr 18.9
40 Mn 1.4
TENSILE
C .3
YIELD
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF NICKEL -CHROMIUM
RESISTANCE ALLOY
40
o
-c 30
WATER QUENCHED
FROM 1832 ° F [21
20
^ 10
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF NICKEL-CHROMIUM
RESISTANCE ALLOY
540232 O - 60 - 6
Titanium and Its Alloys
72
\
~1 1 \ \
190x10^- INTERSTITIALSlC+OtHtN) =.30% (NORMAL) =^

INTERSTITIALS(C+0+H + N) = .l27o (LOW) O
ALL SPECIMENS ANNEALED
COMMERCIAL GRADE RS-70 (.032"SHEEtT
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE, **K
STRENGTH OF UNALLOYED
TITANIUM
73
45
40
/0[3I]
35
30
1
• [32]
CM 25
4- 20
c
0)
o
^ 15 / \ COMMERC:iAL GRA DE RS-7
0)
Q.
(.032" SH EET),
r'GAGE L.ENGTH
10
ALL SPECIMENS ANNEALE D

• INTERSTITIALS (C+O + H+N) = .30 %
O INTERSTITIALS
1 1
(C + O+H+N)
1
= .12 %
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF UNALLOYED TITANIUM
20
coMrÊRCIALL Y PURE
INTE RSTITIAL S NOT Gl VEN
15
0[3I]^
10
[8S
5 J . AMM C A 1 cn
• [32]^
— CHARPY V
— CHARPY K
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF UNALLOYED TITANIUM
280 X 10
270
260
250
240
230
220
^
CO
210
UJ
cc
I- 200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
75
30
7o IN 2 INCHES 3V-'ll Cr -SAi [7l](.032" SHEET)-\^
% IN I INCH 4 Al - 4 Mn [12]
25 % IN !/2 INCH 6 Al - 4 V [19]
20
c
\_
Q.
10
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
35
NON-STD. CHARPY V SPECIMENS
.788" WIDEX .197" THICK I
NOTCH WAS STD. SHAPE. BUT V2 STD. DEPTH

30 I
I
25
^20
^ 15
10
l3V-IICr- 3 Al,"
ANNEALED [19]
4 Al -4 Mn , ANN EALED [|2]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
77
280 X 10^-
270
260
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF 5 Al -2.5Sn TITANIUM
78
280 X !0^
270
260
\\
\\
250 U-
\\
240 V-
\ ^HEAT TREATED [l9],
\ yy 1725 op, HOUR, WQ, 1
230 <r / AGED 1050 °R 2 HOURS J
X 1 COOLED.
220 \
\ \
\
\\
Q-210 —\ \
:
V
\
^
V-
v
X
CO
\ i
A
\X-
[3200 \
cr
\ \
h-
^ 190
180
— \
\ >v>
ANNEALED- \
\
|[65]
•
\
170 { 064 SHEE T) N—
^ \
\ V >
160
\ ^ X,
\ \
150 ^ \
>v \
s
140
\
130 ''
TENSILE
YIELD
120 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF 6 Al - 4V TITANIUM
Magnesium Alloys
79
1
3
90x10
80 s^y^QA 63, AS E) (TRUDED 64]

1
-
70
°-
(/)
60 "TA 54
AS EXTR
[4 2].
^
Ijj
a:
h-
cn 50
MIA[42 ]•
HARD R(3LLED-^
^ \
\
N
^•^
40
MIA/
OMMERCIA _LY PURE

AS EXTRU DED [8l]
30
— TE ^JSILE
YIE LD
20
0 50 100 200
150 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
STRENGTH OF MAGNESIUM AND
SOME MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
80
40
35
cn
30
a>
OJ
4, AS EX"FRUDED ^2]\ J
c 20
c
<^ i 5
V.
COMMER CIALLY P UREa
<D AS EX-FRUDED [i
Q.
10
\MIA, h;\RD ROLL ED [42]

1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
ELONGATION OF MAGNESIUM AND
10
CHARPY K
L 5 ^COMMERCIALLY PURE,
AS CAST [49]
COMMERCIALLY PURE,
AS EXTRUDED [49]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF MAGNESIUM AND
81
1
ÂS EX TRUDED [ 25,64,81, 03]
60
[71]
50 HOT ROLl.ED
^LATE)[ 42]y
HC T ROLLED
AS EXlRUDED^
•«««•
^
MINIMI r Ai /
en /
20
10
TE hJSILE
YIE LD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
STRENGTH OF AZ3I B
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
82
40
35
30
ô 25
c ANNEALf :D L7lJ
CVJ
20
c
I^S EX TRUDED [2 5,81,103]
? '5
o
V.
CL 10
^ '\ HO" ^ ROLLED, (PLATE)[42]

1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF AZ 31 B
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
10
CHARPY V
CHARPY K
ANNEALED [7l]
'\"aS extruded [49, 103]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF AZ3IB
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
83
90x10"
84
90x10^
80
80-T5I [i] ,
EXTRUDED AND AGED

70 /AZ. OU -T5[42]
1
AS EXTRU DED^.>Sn^ ^4ÊXTF<UlJtD ANL) AGED

[42,8!]-
_ 60
i/i ^
CL
- 50
^"^^
O) Mac
A 7 0 U" 1 o
(/)
LlI
a: 40
:>-
AS E xtruded/
cn /
A7 Qn.Tc;i//
1
30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF AZ80
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
20
o
c
CVJ
c
-—
15
10
AZ 80-- r5 [42],
EXTRUC)ED AND A GED\
AS E:XTRUDED
y
en
5
o 'Î 80- T5I [i],
\-
<D
Q.
EXTRU[)ED AND A GED
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF AZ 80
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
85
1
V
3 \
HM 3IA- F, AS EXT RUDED

[25, 71]
50
^^^
HM 31 A
AS EX1rRUDED//
1
HM 21 /
^HM 21 A-T8
10
1 "ENSILE
riELD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
STRENGTH OF THORIUM -MANGANESE
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
86
/ HM 31 A-F [25
/ AS e: KTRUDED
J HM 21 A T8 [71].
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF THORIUM -MANGANESE
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
10
CHA RPY V
/HM 3 1 A-F [71 ],

/ AS E XTRUDEC )
T 5
A-T8[7l]
SPECIM EN I STD. WIDTH
/
1
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE "K ,
IMPACT ENERGY OF THORIUM- MANGANESE

MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
87
3
70x10
60
^HK 31 )
\ ANNEA LED [71]

/HK 31 i A-H24 [2 5]
50
^ 40
HK 31 A
[71]
UJ
q:
I-
30 HK3I /\-H24/^
^HK3 lA, ANNE ALED
20
U 1^ "7 - TC
AID
rn\ 0 t
1 A/ V
10
TE MSILE
YIE LD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, 'K
STRENGTH OF THORIUM -ZIRCONIUM
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
540232 O - 60 - 7
88
1 HK ^1
Si/
1
A AMfjCAi pn
1
\l ll
J
HK3IA-I-i24 [25]
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
ELONGATION OF THORIUM-ZIRCONIUM
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
CHAfRPY V
T 5
\hK3I A ANNEAL ED , [71]
^HK 31 A-T6[7l]
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, "K
IMPACT ENERGY OF THORIUM-ZIRCONIUM
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
70 X 10^
60
50
CO
-T5, EXTRUDED [SS]
if)
q: 40
I-
(/)
30
TENSILE
YIELD
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF Z K 60 A
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
$ 30 1
o 1
J 20 1
EXTRUDE D [65]
c
10 I
-4
C
0)
o
0)
Q.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF ZK 60 A
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF ZK60A
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
90
r-
3
60
5Ê 10 X A-HII [7 ]
lOXA-HI 1
20
10
TEfsISILE
YIE LD
0 , 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
STRENGTH OF ZINC-RARE EARTH
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
91
40
35
30
(0
U 25
c
CVJ
20
^7 F 10 ^
- H
nil
1 1 r
L
7
' r
c 15
o
/
t 10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF ZINC -RARE EARTH
MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
10
CHAF?PY V
I 5
^ZE lOXA HI0[7i]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, **K
IMPACT ENERGY OF ZINC -RARE EARTH

MAGNESIUM ALLOYS
60 X I
"1
AT d~7
A LL SPEC IMENS ANNEALEC AT o7o C V
)
0 c
r
REF. [95]
50
^ 4 % Li
1 40
CO 6% Li
30
a \ Ck*. /
(/) 20 % Li
'
10
T ENSILE
lELD
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF LITHIUM - MAGNESIUM
ALLOYS
50
-II % Li
^ 30
j-Q % Li
^4 % Li
1
AL.L SPECIMENS ANNEALED AT 675*'F

REF. [95]
1
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
ELONGATION OF LITHIUM - MAGNESIUM
ALLOYS
Austenitic Stainless Steels
100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF AISI 200 SERIES
STAINLESS STEELS
60
50
2(D2, ANNE/! LED [62,
« 40
CM
30
c 20
o ^201 CO LD REDUC ED 40% HARD)
, (
^
Q. 10 "^^^ [IS)]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF AISI 200 SERIES
STAINLESS STEELS
94
1
340x10"
320
•70I-M
0\J\ l\J
n ULU
L KULL cL Ur\ /30I CO LD ROLLE ) 65 %,
SHEET) [is
/ (SHE ET) [19]
300
280
260
240
301 AN NEALED-
[2,4 ]
_220
(^200
301 :OLD DRA WN,
{
—
LU HAL F HARD [:^41]
tt: 180
160
140
120
100
301 C OLD DRAW N, HALF I- ARD^
80
TENSILE ^301 AN NEALED
YIELD
60
40
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE ,«K
STRENGTH OF AISI 301 a 301-N
STAINLESS STEEL
95
70
COLD ROLLED 60%,( TO U.T.S. 231,000 psi) [59] /
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
ELONGATION OF AISI 301

STAINLESS STEEL
ÂNNEALED [2,4l]
100
^COL.D DRAWN HALF HA RD

, [2,41]
IZOI)
50 100 150 200 250 300

,
TEMPERATURE °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI 301
STAINLESS STEEL
96
1
300x10
COLD DR/Q WN,{7I % R.A.)[63]
280
/COLD DR>\WN
.HALF HA RD [59,60
260
240
/COLD DR AWN (49 *Vr^ R A.)
V [63]
220
200
180
c/Tieo
ANNE/i LED[2,I8 .21,41
59,6 0,63]
^
^
if)
140
120 s
100
V N
ÂNNEALE D [2,18,2 ,41,63]
\
\
80
60
40
20
TENSILE
— YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, <»K
STRENGTH OF AISI 302
STAINLESS STEEL
97
\NNEALED [2, 18,21
11
1
59,60.6>3] \>
r IKl l^Q O/ C .A.)\^
V.
[63]
^COLD DR/
HALF H/^RD [60]
C OLD DRAV /N,(7I%R

[63]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,«K
STAINLESS STEEL
\
ANNEALEC •
/ANNE ALED [84]
'^COLD DR AWN, HALf- HARD [5£•]
IZOD
---CHARPY K
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,*>K

STAINLESS STEEL
98
1
280x10
260
240
220
200
\NNEALED [41]
180
v>
Q.
^160
10% CO LD DRAWh [71]
^
UJ 140
q:
(/)
120
100
80
60
\ /I0% CO LD DRAWr l[7l]
40 MSB
^ ANNE ALED [41]
20
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,*»K
STRENGTH OF 303 AISI
STAINLESS STEEL
/(.28% S),ANNEA LED [41]
120
A (.3 4%Se+.l ^t7oP),AN SIEALED

60
IZOD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
STAINLESS STEEL
100
1
/COL ) DRAWN, TO UXS. 2 10,000 psi)

l[89]
280
260
240
220
EALED A CO ,DO, 7 l,96J
[2, 1 1,
1
J ^
200
w 180
Q.
\j\Jl-U u
(TO U.T. 3. 210,000 psi)
[2160
(T
I-
(/) 140
120
100
80
ÂNNE/ ^LED
60
**
40
20
TENSILE
-YIELD 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *>K
STAINLESS STEEL
01
70
60
ANNEALEC [2,41,62,7
0)
50
o
c
40
c :OLD DRAV /N,{TO U.T S. 210,000 psi)[89]
*. 30 1
c DRAWN,(TO U.T.S. 161 ,000 psi)

[59]
O
Q.
10
COLD DRAWN,/
(TO UTS. 192,000^ psi) [59]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE , K
STAINLESS STEEL
140
—
~IZ(
CH ARPY K
^ ANN EALED [2 41,96]
120
100
y ANN EALED [6 D, 62,84]

^ 80
60
COLD DRA\^N,(TO U.T.; 3.210,000 F)si)[89]
40
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE ,»K
STAINLESS STEEL
102
280x10^
240
n A
^ / 15 To COLD Dl xAWNk
\kt 1 ["Til
L'
-200
Q.
120
.I5%CC)LD DRAWr 1
80
40
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K
STAINLESS STEEL
^ 60
\l5% COL D DRAWN [71]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
STAINLESS STEEL
103
1
280x10*
240
220
200
180
/COLD DRAWN,( 7 0 U.T.S. 95, 000 psi)
[71]
160
ANN tALt
if) [71]
liJ 140
in
120
100
V CULU U <AWN ^ ^
80 N
a
60 -ÂNNEAL ED
40
"--^
20
— TE NSILE
Yl£:ld
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,*»K
STAINLESS STEEL
540232 O -60 -8
104
ANNEALED [7l], \
INCH GAGE LENGTH)
COLD DRAWN.dO UTS. 95,000 psi)[7l],

(I '4 INCH GAGE LENGTHt-
COLD ROLLED
COLD ROLLED,( TO UTS. 159,000 psi) [59]
50 100 150 200 250

TEMPERATURE,
STAINLESS STEEL
ANNEALED [59]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
STAINLESS STEEL
106
rANNE ALED [2,^H,7l]
\COLD DlRAWN 25°/'o[7l],

( 1 INCH GAGE LEN GTH)
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE «K ,

STAINLESS STEEL
Âf JNEALED [2,41]
ÂNNEAL ED [59]
— CHARPY K
IZOD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
STAINLESS STEEL
107
280x10^
260- )
/ANNEA .ED [41,6 3,71 ,98]
200
180
if)
CLI60
CO
(2l40
tr
I-
<Î20
100
'ANNEALE D [41.63, 71,98]
80
v
60
'
* ,
40
20
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE
STAINLESS STEEL
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF A SI 321 I
STAINLESS STEEL
•
ANNE/S LED[4i]
CH ARPY V
DD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
STAINLESS STEEL
109
1
0^
300x10
280
260
I. / COLD DRAWN l( ) %[7I]n^
200 V—
180
V) A MMP
a.
[2.41 ,60,63,71]
A
140
120
y COLD DR AWN 10 %» [711 N

80
60
ANNEicuIed'/^""
40 [2,41. S0,63.7l]
20
——TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STAINLESS STEEL
110
80 I
\ ]
r-
70
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STAINLESS STEEL
— T ÂNNEALE :D [2.41]
\annea LED [79]
— CH ARPY K
ÎZ(
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, "K
STAINLESS STEEL
10
200
xANN EALED,
\/ (S/siME AS PA GE 96)
180
160
AIR COOLED FROM 1920 ^F,^
(SENSITIZED) [73],
(BRITISH SPEC. En 58a)
140
Q.
120
CO
UJ
a: 100
80
NEALED
60
SENSITI ZED-^^
[73]
40
TENSILE
---YIELD
20 L
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
EFFECT OF SENSITIZATION ON
STRENGTH OF AISI 302 STAINLESS
80
(0 AIR COOLED FROM 1920 °F
(SENSITIZED) [73] ,
o 60 .(BRITISH SPEC. En 58a)
c 40
ANNEALED,
(SAME AS PAGE 96 )
20
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
ELONGATION OF AISI 302 STAINLESS
12
—— cc
CH/\RPY K
O/ AO Oil OIK k
cc)LD WORKED, THEN SENSITIZED

1
REF [84]
100
90
80 /
^
s-
70 V
-0%
60
/
S /
LU
20%^
O 40
- 30
^20%
20
10
/
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,*'K
COLD WORKED AISI 302 STAINLESS
113
\ 1
—
^
CHARPY K
CO LD WORK ED ONLY, % AS $jHOWN.

CO LU WUKK ED, THEN SENSITI ZED
100 HRS AT 1020 ^'F
REF [84]
yl 0 %
^10%
i
0%
i
/
/ /
>
/
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
COLD WORKED AISI 304
'302
CHARPY K
ANNEALED
h- SENSITIZED AT
1000-1200 °F
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, '^K
IMPACTENERGY OF SENSITIZED
WROUGHT STAINLESS STEELS
115
70
47
65
60
318.
55
50
347\
^
^ 45
^^40
tr
UJ 35
LLi
S 25
20
15
10
•
:harpy
—
c h
5 AM
SENSITIZED, 1350- 1650 ^'F
1
REF. [59] 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
EFFECT OF THE SIGMA PHASE

ON WROUGHT STAINLESS STEELS
16
50
CHARPY K
REF. [50] 1250 °F-30MIN.^>^^
40
A NNEALED>
30
I035°F- ÔMIN.
20
l035°F-4£
10
I250°F-48HR.
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, **K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SENSITIZED
CAST ACI-CF-8T STAINLESS STEEL
90
CHARf K
RE:F [50]
80
1035 ''F - 30 Mlh
70
A^JNEALED^
60
50
1035 <>F - 3 MIN.\

40
1250 °F- 3 MIN.\
30 i
IO35OF- ^
1250 OF - ; 50 MIN.^
20
1250 °F- 48 HR\^
10
5
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
CAST ACI -CF-20 STAINLESS STEEL
117
I 200x10
10"
i
180
)
^ .ANfSIEALED [5 1]
cl I
if)
en )
UJ
or
80)
^ /ANNEAL ED
60I
40)
20
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF CASTACI-CF-8
STAINLESS STEEL
8 60
\anneal ED [51]
20
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
ELONGATION OF CAST AC! -CF 8
STAINLESS STEEL
118
80
rWARPV K '
RE F. [50]
70
60
ANNEALE
50
40
l035°F-3 OMIN.—
I035°F- 2\ MIN.^
30
1 250°F-30
20
I250°F -
3 MIN.-^
10
I250°F -48HR^^
I035°F -48HR--^
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
CAST ACI-CF-8 STAINLESS STEEL
50
CHARPY K
REF [50] 1250 OF- 30 MIN.~
40
1035 OF - 30 MIN.^y^^^^^
30
20
10
100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, <»K

CAST ACI-CF-8C STAINLESS STEEL
540232 O - 60 -9
Ferritic and Hardenable Stainless Steels
120
:XTRA HA ^D, A(R C 51)
320 [19]
3CX)
/j-SOAKlED A ^
280 'J
260
240
NV
220
>
a.
200
3TD. h EAT TRE/\T CYCLE
{ TEMP ERED AT 850 )
c/) 180
LU [ 65] (0.06^^" SHEET)
QC
CO 160
140
120
100 ^ COLD ROLLED BEFORE FINAL TEMPERING

A SOAKED 7'/2 MR AT /Y^K, WARMED TO ROOM
TEMPERATURE, THEN HELD AT TEST TEMP
80 ERATURE HR BEFORE TESTING.
60
TENSILE
.
YIELD
40
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
STRENGTH OF HARDENABLE
AM- 350 STAINLESS STEEL
121
TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF HARDENABLE
AM 350 STAINLESS STEEL
CHA RPY V
STD. HEAl TREAT CYCLEtx

(TEMPER ED AT 8e>0°F) \
[3 ]
• 20
50 100 150 2 00 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
IMPACT ENERGY OF HARDENABLE
AM 350 STAINLESS STEEL
122
1
280x10*
260
240
/QUENCHED AND T EMPERED TO RC 39
220
^ [41]
200
C 39
180
^160 /QUENCHE:D AND

ERED TO RC 23^^'
^•^^^vÊM?
[2 140 ^[41]
cr ^'^^'^-^^.^NNEAL-ED [2]
^ 120
100
ANNEALED
60
40
20
TENSILE
YIELD
1
0 '
50 100 150 200 250 300
o
TEMPERATURE, ^'K

STAINLESS STEEL
123
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K
STAINLESS STEEL
100
IZ(DD
CH ARPY K
80
[7 9]
60
410, OIL QUENCHED AND TEM PERED AT II50°F
1 1
—
431, OIL QUENCHED AND TEM pered at IIOO°F\.^
40 [79]
- ^
/
4I0,ANNE ALED[2]
20
r
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K

SERIES STAINLESS STEEL
124
1
140x10r'
130
120
I 10
100
/ANN EALED [2 .41]
90
\V
ANr JEALED--^
CO
^ 70
a: N
^ 60 \\
\
S
50 V
40
30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF 430 AISI
STAINLESS STEEL
125
40
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, »K
STAINLESS STEEL
n )
126
280x10J
260
\ If
JDITION H -875
r
[5]
240
AMJ5-5644 (r7-J PH
NDITION T H-1050
_220 ^ [65"
Q. AMS -5644,--
(17- 7PH)
.200
cn
C/)
LU
S 180
AN1S-5643E
PH)
(17 -4
160
140
120
TENSILE
YIELD
100 1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, '^K
STRENGTH OF PRECIPITATION
HARDENING STAINLESS STEELS
20
15
AMS 5643 B,(I7-4PH
CONDITION H-875
10 [5]
c AMS-5644,(I7-7PH)/
CONDITION TH-1050
c 5
Q) 65]
O
\_
<L>
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
ELONGATION OF PRECIPITATION
127
1
140 K^n Mnr T V

IZ(
130
120
110
VMS 5643 8,(17-4 PH
100
CONDITION H-II50
J
'V
90
80
70
60 FV52iOB[72],
OVER AGED TO
—
UTS. 1 46,000 ps i
50
40
30
AMS 5643 B[5] ,
-
CONDITION H-875
20 !
AMS5644,(17-7PH)-
CONDITION TH-II50
10 [6]
ÂMS-56^'^4,- CONDI TION TH-IC 50[6]

50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE , *»K
IMPACT ENERGY OF PRECIPITATION

—
Low Alloy Constructional Steels
128
180 X 10 1 .. 1 1
CONDITION AS RECEIVED"
(PROBABLY COLD ROLLED)
-1040 [3'
10 ^0^ %
—\ .\_^
\
\
,
\
\\
\ \
\
\
\\ \
\ \ \\
>
\ \
\
V
\ ,
\
N
V 1010-
\ [37]
TENSILE 10
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, <>K
STRENGTH OF SOME AISI -SAE

PLAIN CARBON STEELS
29
60 \
T 1
CONDITION "AS RECEIVED"

(PROBABLY COLD ROLLED)
50
1010 [3 7l
c 30
0*
o 20
K)40 [37]
Q.
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *»K
ELONGATION OF SOME AISI-SAE

PLAIN CARBON STEELS
60
NC)RMALIZE D
i: 70D
50
102
[2(
40
T 30
20
10
1050
i' 1030
[28]
[28]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI-SAE
PLAIN CARBON STEELS
30
200 X 10^-
COMMERCIAL HEATS WERE TESTED. |
COMPOSITIONS WERE NOT GIVEN, BUT

190
"DIFFERENCES PROBABLY ACCOUNT FOR
THE SPREAD OF VALUES, ESPECIALLY
AT THE LOWEST TEMPERATURES.
100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF AISI -SAE 1020 STEEL
ALLOY
STEEL C
c -
-
.21 %
Mn .91
-
Si .48
P -
.020
s -
.032
-
Ni . 3 1
-
Cr .34
Mo -
. 1 1
80
A B
70 C -
25% .19 7o
Mn -
.45 .43
-
Si .054 .036
60 P -
.005 .01 1
-
s .028
.025
(PROBABLY NORMALIZED)
50
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
TENSILE STRENGTH OF SHIP PLATE ft
LOW ALLOY CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL
380 0^
X 10^
360
340
300 M rRICENT) HEAT TRE ATED
( [65l
)Q a DOU 3LE TEMP ERED)
320
300 N
280
</> 260
Q.
"hy-tu F,"hEAT 7•REATEO/
[89] \
^240
LJ
cr
h- 220
200
^ T
180
160
140
120
TENSILE
YIELD
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF SOME SPECIAL
PROPRIETARY CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELS
134
25
if)
^ 20
300N 1 (TRICEN" ) HEAT T =?EATED 55]

\
/
L
-"hy-tuf HEAT T REATED
[89]
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^ K
ELONGATION OF SOME SPECIAL

Ch-MRPY K
CH ARPY V
"T - 1 HEAT TREATED

-
[11]
20
"HY- TUF "[89]."^
HEAT TR EATEDx
^ 300 M(TRICENT) [65]

HEAT TREATED
o— —
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SOME SPECIAL
70 1 — ^ \ \ \ J
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
TENSILE STRENGTH OF NICKEL ALLOY
CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELS
8.60 %Ni (.IOC), DOUBLE NORMALIZED
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
ELONGATION OF SOME NICKEL ALLOY
540232 ,0 - 60 - 10
136
NOMirÂL COMfPOSITION
9% Ni - .11 7o C
CHARPY K 4
/
CHARPY V /
1
/
HE/!\T TREAT /
LOI\ GITUDINAL [77]^
f
70
/
/
/
1
HEAT rREAT'^2 \
/ [86]
60 / \
/
/
L 1
/ IFAT TRE !\T ^ 1

\
1 [8,45,77, 86,I03]\
40
30 <^ \heat TREAT

TRAN SVERSE
"^1,
[77]
/ "^NHEAT TREAT "^1,

/ TRANSVERSE [77]
i 1
'
HEAT TRE:atment ^1 -DOUBL E NORMALIZED FROM 1650
1
AND I450°F, THE N STRESS RELIEVED AT 1050 ^F.
HEAT'TREATMENT# 2 -
QUEN CHED a TEMPERED AT 1050 ^F.
10 I 1
\ 1
\ \ 1
\ 1
\ . I
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,*'K
IMPACT ENERGY OF 9 % NICKEL ALLOY
137
OIL QUENCHED a TEMPERED
1 HOUR AS SHOW N
V
1320, 80C
RC-33 [f35]
\^
/Î320, 300*»F,
\ RC-44^[85^
^1340, 300 *F,

RC-53[85]
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, " K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI -SAE 1300 SERIES
CHARPY K
5-/o Ni - .I0»>'oC,-\
N(DRMALIZE[) \
13% Ni - .l07oC:
NORMALIZED
7^2 7oNi- .I5»i
/ ^ FORMALIZE:d
p[44]
" 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
" K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SOME NICKEL ALLOY
138
"
QUENCHED 8 1 LMrtKt u
1 HR. AS SHOV\
CH ARPY V
ARPY K
2315, WQ ,
T 100 0°Fv
RC 2 7 [66]
^2315, RB 90 [6(
^ NOR^/lALIZED —
A /
340, OQ
l200°F,-~-
?C 22 [66]
1
1
1
—A ^2330, OQ [89],
T925° F, RC32
/
/
r J 2320,00, T400°F,
RC42
u 0, ooaT/tOO°F^^^
li35]
2330^ y ^' to(^C48 [85]
y
2340^
/ ^ 2330 [<37],
NORMALIZ ED^/
/
/
/
/
/
,
0Q,T40 0°F,
RC 54 [85]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI -SAE 2300
SERIES CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELS
K
139
tMrtntl J
1
1HR.AS SHOWN
_CHARPY V'
3120, 30CfF
RC43[85
\ >
3120,
RC35[85]
i —
3140, 300«'F,
RC52 [85]
1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI - SAE 3100
CHARP> K'
L _
-4023, NORMALIZED ft
\
\
STRESS RELIEVED
AT
RB 83
lOOC^F.
[66]
I ^
\
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE ,
"

140
380 X 10' I \
\
OQ a TEMPERED 4 HRS AT 450 ° F
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF AISI-SAE 4340
ALLOY CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL
30
0, 25
OQ a TEMPERED . .
AT 1200 °F TO RC 34 [89]
o
.E 20
CVJ
OQ a TEMPERED 4 HRS AT 450 ° F
a TEMPERING REPEATED. [^5]
c 15
£ 10
o
\_
<D
^ 5
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE,
SAE 4340
ELONGATION OF AISI-
141
OQ a TEMPERED
120
1 HR. A S SHOWN
CHARP Y V
100
412 0, 1200 °F
80 O rr
4130, 900 ''1
RC 39 [66
60
40
41 20, 1000 'F,
'
RC 31 [85]
20
— 4140, 300 "F,
RC 53 [85]
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
60
OQ a TEMPERED
HR. AS SHOWN
I
50
CHARPY V 4320, 1000 ° F
CHARPY K RC 33 [85]
40
30
4340, 1200 ^'F,^ 4320, 3000F,
RC 34 [89] RC 43 [85]
20
^4340, 300 °F
RC 54 [85]
10
4340, TEMPERED 4 HRS AT 450OF

a TEMPERING REPEATED L653
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
142
OQ a TEMPERE \j
HR. AS SHOWN
1
CHARP Y V
/
RC 19
0°F,\
[e15] \ A 620, 80C
RC 34 [Qt
'\
4620, 3C 0 °F,\
RC 42 [e
^4640, 3C)0°F [85],

RC 54
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *»K

OQ a TEMPERED
48!5, IIOO°F,
I HR. AS SHOWN RC 20 [40]
V-
CHARPY V
. 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, »K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI - SAE 48CX)
143
OQ a TEMPERtiD
1HR AT TEMP'S SHOWN
;.
'
CHARPY V
3120, I20(J r
RC 22 [8 5]
/ 10, 800
^ C 38 [85]
°f
-5120, 40C)°F,
RC 45 [ 35]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,°K
N - NOF?MALIZED
IZOD
6150, N [28]\
e 135, N [2
^\
^6120, N [28]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,°K
144
220 X 10^-
200
\ TEMPER ED
'^^ 850 «>F TC) RC 34 [a 9, 103]
/
180
<5 160
Q.
CO
^
UJ
140
NORMA LIZED
q:
[l03 ]
CO 120
00
80 TENSILE
YIELD
60 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF AISI-SAE 8630
25
-NORMALI ZED [103 ]

20
cvj 15
-OQ a TE MPERED
c AT 850 op TO RC 30 [89]
Q>
O
k 5
r
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF AISI-SAE 8630
145
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
IMPACT ENERGY OF AISI-SAE 8600
30
OQ a TEMPEREC ) 1 HR. AS SHOWN
CHARPY K
25
8750, IOC
RC 42 [66>] \
20
15
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
146
1
UU a 1 LMrLK J 1 HK. A
k c OLJ r\\ki N
CHARPY K
9260, 8S
RC 47 [6>6] \ _
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, »K
SERIES CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL
QUENCHiED a TE:mpered 1 HR.AS SHOWN

CHARPY K
9420, WQ, 1000

RC 2 7 [66] \^
\944 0, OQ, 90C

RC 40 [66]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
147
8IB40, RC43, LOW CHEMISTRY

^ 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *K
IMPACT ENERGY OF BORON STEELS
Superalloys (Alloys of Co, Ni, Cr, W, Mo)
148
260 X 10
240
220
200
— 180
CL
CO
LlI
140
CO
120
100
1. I800°F,WQ a AGED 16 HRS. AT 1325 °F, AC

80 2. I900°F, WQ a AGED 16 HRS AT I300°F, AC
3. 1850 °F, OQ + 4 HRS. AT I550°F, AC a AGED 16 HRS.
AT 1300 °F, A.C. I I I
60
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF SUPERALLOYS
149
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1. HOT ROLLED 8 STRESS RELIEVED AT 2200 °F.
2. 1800 °F, WQ a AGED 16 HRS. AT 1325 ^F, A.C.
3. ANNEALED AT 1800 °F, A.C.
4. WARM WORKED 8 STRESS RELIEVED AT 1200 °F
5. COLD DRAWN 8 STRESS RELIEVED.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, °K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SOME SUPERALLOYS
J
150
300 X 10^ '
HEAT TREATMENTS \
1. HOT ROLLED a STRESS RELIEVED AT 220 0 °F

280
2. 2350 °F, 00 a AGED 46 HRS. AT I400°F
3. 22 50 °F, WQ a AGED 16 HRS. AT 1400 °F, A.C
260
240
220
200
180
CL
C/)
liJ 140
cr
^120
100
80
60
40
20
100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF COBALT BASE
SUPERALLOYS
151
70
HEA1r TREAT^ÊNTS S/\ME AS
GIVEEN ON ^GE 150.
P/3
60 1
"hayn ES" ALLOY No. 25 (L' 605)

HT. TR.*I [71;
50
40
OJ
§ 30
a> S- 81 o [3],
Q. HT.T R.*3 \
20
-
36
>^
1
HI TR *3
*BfRITISH [73]^—^
h TTR.*2
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, °K
ELONGATION OF COBALT BASE
SUPERALLOYS
540232 O - 60 - 11
152
0^
RC)LLED AN D ANNEA LED
180
170
y'HAST ELLOY"B [66]
160
/HASTE LLOY"C [ 66]
150
140
"HA STELLOV
h reel ]
C;>I20
NO
100
90 \ '
MSTELL 3Y"C
80 \ X' V
70
HASTELL
B s
— ^-v
*^
HASTEL .oy"a/
60 "^^ ~ —
50
—— TEINSILE
ELD
40
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, »K
STRENGTH OF SOME PROPRIETARY
NICKEL- BASE SUPERALLOYS
153
70 -
"HASTE LLOY"B [ 66] \
60
g 50
/
C \STELLO' r"A [66]
CVJ 40
c
c 30 /
o
^STELLO^ '"C [66]
S 20
ID
F OLLED A ND ANNE ALED
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, <»K
ELONGATION OF SOME PROPRIETARY

NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS
80
70
^"HASTELL.OY"X
CHARPY V
[67 ]
\
60 1
•^"haste lloy'c [ 67]^

CHAR PY V
50 ^^^^^\STELLO r"B[67] -
CHARPY U
40
\"HAS TELLOY" A [66]

30 ROLl.ED AND /\NNEALED
(TYP E NOTCH rJOT GIVEN )
^ HOT Fpolled AN D STRESS RELIEVEC AT 2200 op )
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, *»K
IMPACT ENERGY OF SOME PROPRIETARY

NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS
Brazing and Soldering Metals
154
30x10^
100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
TENSILE STRENGTH OF TIN - LEAD
SOLDERS
120
%lELONGATION IN 2 INCHES
100
% DEDUCTION OF AREA
ALLOYS AS
CAST.
80
25 Sn -
75 Pb[58
c
p 60
5 Sn-9 5
50 S n
Pb[46]^^
-50Pb[ 46]^ — ^^^-^
a.
40
20
^50Sn-5 OPbLse]
50 Sn -4C)Pb [58]
'
r 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
DUCTILITY OF TIN - LEAD SOLDERS
155
30 1
1
CHARPY V
ALLOYS AS CAST
25
y5Sn -95Pb[4€
20
lOSn-S 0Pb[^6]v
15 \
10
^15 Sn-85 Pb [46]
5
50Sn-5 0Pb[46]N
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF TIN-LEAD
SOLDERS
30
CHARPY V
ALLOYS AS CAST
25
.2.5 Ag-97.5 Pb [46]
20
15
'
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF SILVER -LEAD
SOLDERS
156
12 X 10
10
^1.6 A(3 10 on B3.4 Pb, AS CAST
c
[46]
8 1
</)
l.5Ag-l.0Sn-97.5Pb^ \g-97.5 P 3 [46],
Q.
AS CAS T
[54],
(n 6 COND TION NOT GIVEN,
CO
PRE^pUMED AS CAST.
01
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
TENSILE STRENGTH OF SILVER- LEAD
SOLDERS
60
50
5Ag-97.5 Pb[46],
o f\SCAST
c 40
c 30
§ 20
v.
1.6 Ag-15 SIn -83.4 P 5 [46],
Q. AS CAS>T
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ''K
ELONGATION OF SILVER LEAD -
SOLDERS
O 50 \00 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE ,
STRENGTH OF MISCELLANEOUS SOLDERS

14 X 10^
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF INDIUM SOLDERS
158
140 X lO
130
120
110
100
U U -50 Zn [lOO]
yJ\J
930° F ANNEALED
90
0)
^ 80
(/)
IJJ 70
^45Ag -30 Cu - i^5 Zn

60
[58] AS CAST
'
1 1
^70Ag-20Cu-IOZn [58]
50 AS C AST
40
30
\ s—
0 Cu - 50 Zn
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE , **K
STRENGTH OF BRAZING ALLOYS

—
159
60 1
1 ' 1
1
%EL ONGATIO N
%RE:duction OF ARE/!
50 1
50 Cu-50Zr [100].1
40
930 **F ANN EALED \
45 Ag -30Cu -2 5 Zn [58]
30 AS CAST —
20
\70Ag -20CU-I OZn [58],

10 AS CAST
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
DUCTILITY OF BRAZING ALLOYS
Miscellaneous Alloys and Pure Metals
160
TENSILE STRENGTH 7o ELONGATION,

ANNEAL
METAL p s i .79"GAGE LTH.
TEMR,**R
300 *»K 90 K 300 ^'K 90*»K
Ag 147 2 30,900 40,700 23.0 38.0
Cd 392 6,500 20,600 42.0 18.0
Co 2012 61,100 104,400 4.0 5.0
Mo 2012 76,100 108,500 20.0 0.2
Sn 302 5,400 15,800 52.5 3.6
Tl 302 1,120 3,170 56.0 32.0
Zn 302 16,500 14,200 44.0 0.6
REF. [26]
STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY OF SOME
COLD WORKED AND ANNEALED
PURE METALS
161
160
140
^>|cHOT ROLLED [
120 \—
\
\
Q.IOO ^
\
V
(/>
UJ
q:
80 A-
en 60
COM p. %
40 .C - 1.40
Mn - 12. 1
Si - .12
20 P - .060
TENSILE
S - .012
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, K
STRENGTH OF AUSTENITIC Mn STEEL
60
^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
ELONGATION OF AUSTENITIC Mn STEEL
162
200 X 10-
u
.-180
Q.
-AM 3 5624,
AN NEALED [ 20]
CO 160
140
120
T ENSILE
100
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF HIGH EXPANSION STEEL
80
A^/IS 5624,
ANN EALED [2(
60
^c 40
0) 20
Q. 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,^K
ELONGATION OF HIGH EXPANSION STEEL
120
CHARP^ K
100
AMS 5 624.-^
ANNEALE:d [20]
^
80
60
40
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, ^'K
IMPACT ENERGY OF HIGH EXPANSION STEEL
163
specimens: 1.2"DIA.STD. CAST IRON
100 ARBITRAT!0^ bar; as CAST,
J ;
UNNOTCHED. IZOD TY PE TEST.

90
S AUSTEN TICx
[99]
80
70 (D AUSTE NITIC [99]
60
I
50
40
îi-Mo AC! :ULAR [99
30
20
PEARLITIC GRAY IR(DN [99]
10 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, «K
NOMINAL compositions:
iron 7oC %Si 7oMn 7oNi 7oCr OTHER
© 3.2 2.0 1.2
3.0 1.9 . 7 1.6 .5 Mo
® 2.7 1.9 1. 1 14.5 2.2 6.3 Cu
® 2.3 1.5 1.0 34.5 3.0

FLAKE GRAPHITE CAST IRONS
30x10-
LiJ
20
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE, K
TENSILE STRENGTH OF A GRAY CAST IRON
164
SPECIMIENS ANNEALED,!' SQUARE c 2^"SPAN
UNNO TCHED. CHARPY 1^YPE TES T.
R EF. [35]
IRON
IRON*
TÎR 0N*3N^/-f
/ /\|F?0N*4
50 100 150 200 250 300

compositions: TEMPERATURE, '^K
specimen %C %Si %S %Ni %Mg

IRON I 3.63 .93 .35 .010 .024 .60 .042
IRON 2 3.52 2.03 .37 .013 .028 .7 1 .055
IRON 3 3.33 2.73 .40 .013 .028 .71 .057
IRON 4 3.29 2.09 .38 .014 .162 .72 .049

FERRITIC NODULAR CAST IRONS
165
150 X 10*
^ NOMINA!
1
composition:
140 C - .025
Mn- .030
130 Si - .003
P - .003
S - .025
120
110
"COLD DF?AWN 24 % [34]
100 V-
90
ANNLALE
[34]
\
N
\\\
.\\\
V
(/>
(/) 70
UJ ^ T ROLLED
q: \
\ [17,21.34,37]
CO 60
50
40
V^^HOT ROLLED
30
20
10
TF
YIELD POINT
YIELD STRENGTH, (O.J1 Vo OFFS ET)
1 1
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, *K
STRENGTH OF INGOT IRON
1 ZOD
-J-
1
r n
HO T ROLLEC
/
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
IMPACT ENERGY OF INGOT IRON
167
15 X 10^
S. 10
J, 76 ],AS CAST
of
UJ 5
or
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
TENSILE STRENGTH OF COMMERCIALLY
PURE LEAD
40
/ [58, 76 ],AS CAST
o
.E 30
CVJ
20
c
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
PURE LEAD
50r-
40- CH ARPY K
£ so-
20- /76]
il
10-
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE
PURE LEAD
540232 O - 60 - 12
168
240x10^
T VT Ur
"' — 1
nlon IDI
r Unl 1
1IC
<ANIUM + ^ /o MUL-YV DULNU^
DnCMI IK
REF. ;i04]
c
220
200
/-TEN*>iLE a Yl ELD
180
160 B
Q.
-140 '
^^"^
in B
if) B ^> V. A
LlI
q: 120
H E
100
80 E
60
40
20
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF A MOLYBDENUM-
URANIUM ALLOY
HEAT TREATMENTS
As cast.
B. Solution treated 3 hrs. at 850® C, water quenched.
C. Solution treated 3 hrs. at 850® C, water quenched, aged I hr.
at 450 ®C.
D. Solution treated 3 hrs. at 850*0, furnace cooled at 5**C/min.
E Solution treated 3 hrs. at 850® C, furnace cooled to 580®
and held 2 hrs.,then reheated to 625 ®C, held 2 hrs., water
quenched.
- -
169
1
— «
HIGH PURITY URANIUM +

t I
2% MOLYBDE NUM
|REF. [104] 1
1
HEAT TF EATMENTS SAME AS GIVEN ON PAGE

> 168.
E-
B
^
"
C
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, " K
ELONGATION OF A MOLYBDENUM
URANIUM ALLOY
1 1 1
HIGH PURITY URANIUM t 2 7o M OLYBDEN UM

CHARPY V . REF. [i04]
E^
^ B
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, "K
IMPACT ENERGY OF A MOLYBDENUM
URANIUM ALLOY
10 —
—
280
AMMPAI CP
FROM 147 2*^ [21]
260 1
^^^^ / A|
HL_l_U
1 HY DR
T
J
AMMFAi
MIM rn
IN C_Mi_CiJ
FROM 147 2°F [21]

240
220
a
200
k
ALLOY B
180
Ql
160
\S
\ ALLOY
in
CO
IaJ 140 ALLOY C, ^\
ROM
AS FORGEl
^[21]
D,
922° F [2
CO
120
\
100
80
LLOY D-
^ i;^—N Y
COMPOSITIONS
60 t
ALLOY Ni C Mn Si
A 24.5 .16 1.00 .30

40 —
B 3L4 .70 .82
C 35.8 .16 .86 .08

20
D 57.5 .34 1.31 .14 TENS ILE
E. 58.8 .27 1.64 28 YIELC )
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE,
STRENGTH OF NICKEL- IRON ALLOYS
U 50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE
ELONGATION OF NICKEL IRON ALLOYS
80
CHAR PY K
70
r E , FOF GEO a
/ NORM ALIZED F ROM 1700 •F [74]
60
50
I 40
4 9.4 Ni [l€
A NNEALED
30 1
AL -OY E, AS5 FORGED
20
35. 3Ni [i6]r
AN NEALED
10 AniniCAL.C.1
^25.9 NIi[i6],
ANNEA LED
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE
IMPACT ENERGY OF NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS
172
0"
160x10^
140
F MINU
LQ
I ANin Y 1
120
< .010",SHEET,
\
VVACU UM ANNE:aled
\ [78]
>
g^lOO N \-
\ \
[2 80
tr ANN EALED[iC
h-
^ 60
40
20
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
PURE TANTALUM
140 X 10^
130
COLD WORKED 50%
[38]
120
110
100
ANNEALED
90 AT 1472 **F [38]
^80
CO
C/)
70
a:
^ 60
50
HIGH PURITY
VACUUM ARC REMELTED [lOO],
40| — ANNEALED I400«F IN ARGON
30
20
10
TENSILE
YIELD
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE,
PURE ZIRCONIUM
174
50
V HIbH PUKI 1 Y
VACUUM ARC REfvIELTED,
ANNEALED 1400 IN AR(SON
40
30
CM
c
c 20
Q>
O
\_
Q.
^ÂNN EALED 14 72 **F [38
10
^COLD W ORKED 5 0 7o [38]
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
PURE ZIRCONIUM
30 1
CHARPY V
'
/HOT RO LLED AT 1200 *»F [38]

20
10
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE, »K
PURE ZIRCONIUM
Nonmetallic Materials
175
1.POLYETHYLENETEREPHTHALATE ("MYLAR")
40xlC? 2.POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE ("TEFLON")
3. POLYTRIFLUOROMONOCHLOROETHYLENE ("KEL-F")
4. POLYVINYLCHLORIDE ,
35 5. NYLON i
DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY NOT STATED
©[71
30
25
Q.
20
en
^ 15
q:
10
0 100 150 200 300

TEMPERATURE, ^'K
TENSILE STRENGTH OF PLASTICS

25 1
1 1
(VALUES ARE REPORTED

FROM 20 TO 120 7o ) \
o 20
©[27
CVJ
15
NOTE: REF [27] REPORTS "NIL"
FOR PLASTICS (2) &
AT 198 a BELOW.
®
^ 10
c
Q>
O
0) 5
Q.
50 100 150 200 250 300

TEMPERATURE ,
ELONGATION OF PLASTICS
15x10^ 1
'
—'
AT VAF(lOUS RAT ES OF LO AOING

AS SHC)WN, psi p er sec,
REF [61]
to
Q. A- 80 D
-10
(/)
UJ
/-lO
a:
h-
(/)
I -1
<
UJ
cr
m
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEMPERATURE
STRENGTH OF ABRADED
BOROSILICATE OPTICAL GLASS
References
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—
stainless steels Armco 17-4PH bar and wire (March 1956).
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,
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Boulder, Colo., August 3, 1959.
180 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1960 O— 540232

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Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials at Low Temperatures

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AlllOO TflflMTM

NBS NAT-L INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • A. V. Astin, Director

Mechanical Properties of Structural

Materials at Low Temperatures

R. Michael McClintock and Hugh P. Gibbons

National Bureau of Standards Monograph 13

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Scales for interpolation IX

Copper and its alloys 36

A Compilation from the Literature

erties are often sensitive to variations in thermal and mechanical his-

stainless steels. It is conceivable that such an effect is real, but the

ity of a material to sustain working stresses in the presence of such

1 See reference 29.

The authors take pleasure in acknowledging the assistance of L. J.

-460 -370 -280 -I90 "100 -I0 80

-460 -370 -280 - 190 "100 -I0 80

-460 -370 -280 "190 - 100 -I0 80

-460 -370 -280 "190 "100 -I0 80

SCALES FOR INTERPOLATION

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Ald3dOad nV0INVH03l^ -31VNiaH0

Aia3d0dd nVDINVH03l/\l - 31VNiaa0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

SCALES FOR INTERPOLATION

50 100 150 200 250 300

100 150 200 300

ELONGATION OF 2011 ALUMINUM

50 100 150 200 250 300

-A T6[4,43],F tOLLED, F( )RGED

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

STRENGTH OF 2025 ALUMINUM

ANNE \LED [66]

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

ELONGATION OF 3003 ALUMINUM

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

STRENGTH OF 5056 ALUMINUM

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

SPECIAL CHARPY V SPECIME ViS -

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

^ 50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300

50 100 150 200 250 300