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PERTEMUAN II
IDEAL???
LATAR BELAKANG
SPO KONVENSIONAL
PERMASALAHAN
SPO TARGETTING
DIAGNOSIS TERAPI
SISTEM PENGHANTARAN OBAT TERTARGET
TUJUAN
Passive targeting
• SPO dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi obat pada jaringan target
dengan menurunkan interaksi non spesifik
Active targeting
• SPO dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi obat pada suatu
particular site dengan mengeksploitasi specific biological
processes
PASSIVE TARGETING
Organ targeting
Delivers the drug to a specific organ or tissue
Cellular targeting
Drug is delivered to a particular cell within an organ or tissue
Achieved by conjugating targeting moieties
Subcellular targeting
Delivery at specific intracellular sites
DESIGN OF LIGAND-BASED TARGETING DDS
A. Ligand-receptor-based interaction
a. Receptor/ligands for targeting
Antigens, Cadherins, Selectins, Integrins, Vitamins, Transferrin, Hormone, Low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)
a. Targeted drug delivery system
Immunoglobulin-directed targeting
Selectin-directed targeting
Integrin-directed targeting
Folic acid receptor-directed targeting
LDL-directed targeting
B. Targeted enzyme prodrug therapy
CHALLENGE
They have not been extensively characterized in a clinical setting i.e., pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and
toxicity.
Each system is unique and must be evaluated as a new formulation. Development of suitable screening
methodologies for determining optimal characteristics of nanocarriers is still not clear. Therefore, successful
targeting strategies must be determined experimentally on a case-by-case basis, which is laborious.
Major developmental concerns have to be resolved such as formulation stability, particle size uniformity,
control of drug release rate and large scale manufacture of sterile preparations before these formulations
can become therapeutically relevant.
The overall cost is very high and furthermore, the development process is time consuming due to its unique
requirements.
The relevance of in vitro tests of activity, selectivity, uptake, and toxicity of targeted systems to the animal
or human is still an area of research and great amount of work is needed before clinical application of such
systems.
APLIKASI DRUG TARGETING
Song, J., Lin, C.,Yang, X., Xie,Y., Hu, P., Li, H., … Hu, H. (2019).
Journal of Controlled Release, 294(July 2018), 27–42.
*
Kanker paru-paru → penyebab Salah satu strategi →
utama kematian yang masih
membutuhkan pengembangan
menghantarkan obat anti
terapi kanker ke mitokondria
self-assembled ND
turunan berberine
dengan substitusi 9-O-
octadecyl disalut dengan DSPE-
PEG2000 dan hyaluronic
acid (HA)
Mitokondria
• Jalur instrinsik apoptosis → translokasi protein proapoptosis
seperti cytochrome C dan faktor penginduksi apoptosis dari
mitokondria ke sitosol.
• Protein proapoptosis → mengaktivasi caspase dan menginduksi
apoptosis pada sel.
Reseptor CD44
• Non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein
• Dioverekspresikan pada beberapa tipe sel kanker
• Ligan utama CD44 adalah HA → mengaktivasi berbagai
jalur yang berperan pada proliferasi, adesi, migrasi dan
invasi.
PENYIAPAN SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODRUGS