INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 1

Introduction

According to Dillow and Synder's statistics (2011), majority of high school graduate

students aim to earn a college degree but only 68% of them are currently enrolled in a two- or

four-year course. Some of the incoming college students are being anxious and not yet ready to

take college having a small amount of knowledge about it.

There are many things needed to be considered before one enters college. The researchers

perceived college readiness as an occurring problem on the Grade 12 students of Baliuag

University. The researchers themselves witnessed how choosing a university for college is hard

and time consuming. With accord of time consuming, there are also entrance exams needed to be

prepared for.

In deciding and choosing the best university, internet is one of the seen factors to help a

college freshman. According to The Conversation, if some of the students can’t find the website

of a university they will use Facebook or Twitter using a hashtag of a student from that

university or the pages made by the university. Some of the students get information about the

university from its facilities, mission and vision or even the courses they have from the useful

websites given by the internet.

With this background, the researchers decided to conduct a research about the influence

of student’s internet exposure towards their college readiness. This research is a correlational

study looking on how internet exposure and college readiness were described.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 2

The researchers chose Baliuag University as the research locale as it currently

accommodates a large number of Grade 12 students being trained for their future courses in

college. Also, most of its students use phone as their means of communication, to search

information easily and for browsing their own social media accounts. According to

baliuag.edu.ph, it also provides wireless fidelity on the Information and Communication facility

that a student can freely.

As Baliuag University provide its own website, the researchers think that it might be one

of the factors in the student’s internet exposure towards college readiness. The institution had its

own website that provides its monthly calendar, social media account, directory of offices,

admissions for preparatory to masteral degree holders, achievements and even the history of

Baliuag University that might the students were looking for on the other university’s websites.

Next, Baliuag University offers college courses for grade 12 students having a variety of

choices to choose from. The researchers think it might contribute to the said problem, as other

students look for a university that their chosen course is available at, that may not be in Baliuag

University.

From the following points presented, the researcher hypothesized that the availability of

wireless that gave easy access on the internet, having its own website and offers college courses

being compared to other university may contribute to the relationship between student’s internet

exposure and college readiness.

In addition to that, the researchers chose Baliuag University because of the researcher’s

accessibility to the participants which are the Grade 12 students. Also, it is where the researchers

are studying for their course.

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 3

The Department of Education implemented K to 12 program or having additional two

years in high school which the students were called as the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students. As a

result, the Grade 12 graduates should take 4 more years for college which was difficult for the

parents to support 6 them.. (Umil, 2012)

Republic Act No. 7722 or Higher Education Act of 1994 had different sections which

were focused for the education of the students. First, Section 2 or the Declaration of Policy

which stated “to protect, foster and promote the right of all citizens to affordable quality

education at all levels. Education should be accessible to all”. Then, Section 3 or Creation of

Commission on Higher Education which stated “shall cover both public and private institutions

of higher educations as well as degree-granting programs”. Section 13 or the Guarantee of

Academic Freedom which stated “no limitation on the academic freedom of universities and

colleges” (CHED, 2017)

In accordance with the education, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) released

CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) order no. 105 on December series of 2017 signed by the

resigned Chairperson Patricia Licuanan.

The first batch of grade 12 graduates school year 2017-2018 of different strands and

tracks were eligible to enter college. For college entrance examination,

The three policies written in the memorandum; first, graduates of School Year 2017-2018

with different tracks or strand were able to enter college. Second, the higher educations shouldn’t

reject grade 12 or graduate applicants for college entrance examinations. Third, if there are grade

12 students being rejected they should be given a chance to take the college entrance

examinations as what reflected on the second policy. (CHED, 1993)

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 4

For Education Secretry Leonor Briones of Department of Education, the senior high

school graduates undergo immersion which they were found to have better possibilities in the

future that those students who have not.

The aforementioned policies and statements of the Commission on Higher Education and

Secretary Briones advocates student’s college readiness availability and urgency to prepare it

seriously.

Internet was a global linking of computers that allows information to transfer. It is a part

of technological advancements where people may gather important information from its different

resources. Internet is convenient for the students to easily have their educational needs and other

activities that they might need in a particular day. (TechTarget, 2018)

Cambridge English Dictionary defined college as an institution of students who were

able to finish twelve years of being in school and enables them take the course and advanced

their knowledge and become a professional. Students who are still in junior high school are

expected to be fully prepared for college. Incoming college students used to take entrance exams

from different schools for them to have more chances to be in their dream schools. College

readiness is all about the set of skills, knowledge and performance of a high school student

should have before heading upon to college.

Based on the aforementioned literature and arguments presented, the researchers would

like to seek how internet exposure and college readiness are both described. It also includes the

average amount of time of the students being exposed in the cyberspace and while using the

cyberspace for college purposes. Next, the average level of the students being ready and prepared
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 5

for college. Lastly, if there is a significant relationship between student’s internet exposure and

student’s college readiness.

Throughout the study, the influence of student’s internet exposure towards student’s

college readiness will be put to light. Thus, giving the students, parents, school administrators

and the future researchers’ ideas on the relationship of being exposed to Internet towards the

students being college ready.

Significance of the study

Students. This research will provide information and will give the students an objective

view on how Internet exposure influences student’s college readiness.

Parents. The parents will have a prior knowledge about their child’s college readiness

and how Internet affects their child on making decisions in choosing a school for college.

School Administrators. By knowing this, the school administrators may possibly

improve their websites or brochures based on the result to further promote student college

awareness.

Future Researchers. The research could be and addition to the already existing body of

literature that discuss about the college readiness and internet exposure of the students. It can

also be used as a guide for future studies.

Statement of the Problem

The main problem of this study is to determine the extent of influence of student’s

internet exposure towards student’s college readiness. This study was conducted during the

second semester of the academic year 2018-2019.

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 6

The study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. How may student’s internet exposure be described?

2. How may student’s college readiness be described?

3. What is the average amount of time a student is exposed using the internet for college

seeking?

4. As rated by the respondents, how influential the social media networking sites for the

students in choosing a college university?

5. Is there a significant relationship between student’s internet exposure and student’s

college readiness?

Scope and Limitation

This study is limited only to Grade 12 students of Baliuag University, attending a secondary

education, school year 2018-2019. The researchers include the Grade 12 students, as they are the

graduating students who will seek for their preferred university.

It does not seek to include the name of the respondents but leave it as optional for the

respondents’ privacy and confidentiality if their information. The researchers only include the

age, gender, and the strand of the respondents profile inventory.

The research will only seek to find how internet exposure influences the college readiness of

the students for their future preferences. Internet exposure influences college readiness through

innovation in technology that this generation has built.

This study is limited only to Grade 12 students of Baliuag University, who was attending

secondary education, school year 2018-2019. The researchers include the Grade 12 students, as
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 7

they are the graduating students who will seek for their preferred university. The research will

only seek to find how internet exposure influences the college readiness of the students for their

future preferences. Internet exposure influences college readiness through innovation in

technology that this generation has built. The researchers limit its variables to internet exposure

and student’s college readiness because as a student, they also seek information at the internet.

They think that it has a relation with the student’s college readiness. It does not seek to include

the name of the respondents but leave it as optional for the respondents’ privacy and

confidentiality if their information. The researchers only include the age, gender, and the strand

of the respondents profile inventory

Review of Related Literature

People can mold and shape the internet as they can do whatever with it. It is a medium

used to communicate and to connect with other people around the world. (Internet Society)

In 1969, Internet started as a research project supported financially by the Department of

Defense. It was created to use as another mean of communication beside the telephone lines. The

first Internet was known, the ARPANET or the Advanced Research Project Agency Network),

its functions was limited as it allows multiple computers to communicate in a single network.

After the development of Arpanet as a single network, transmission of data through

multiple networks came as two known scientist, Robert Khan and Vinton Cerf developed

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) which made the technology grow.

On the 1st of January 1983, “networks of networks” was assembled by the ARPANET’s

researchers as the company adopted TCIP/IP which resulted to today’s modern Internet.

(Andrews, 2013)
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 8

People have many things to do with the Internet. There were actions made by the

As the internet was intended for all, people can fully access the internet without

limitations and restrictions. People used Internet for watching youtube videos, social networking

sites, sending emails, searching for random stuff, watching porn, researching, gaming, shopping,

blogging, for commentaries of different lives and some used it to waste their time. These were

just some actions done within the Internet by most of the people listed by the Top Tens.

In accordance with the purpose and usage of Internet, Weber (2011) gave reasons on why

people used the Internet. First, the internet was the largest library with different available

resources like articles, online dissertations, blogs, and social media platforms made by the known

or unknown authors which may use for informational purposes.

Second, around the world, it was difficult to keep in touch with one another but through

communicating using emails and other social media platforms it made relationships connected

and maintained their love to one another but some experience difficulty like delayed messages.

Third, video games, virtual worlds, downloadable music were used by some for

entertainment purposes.

Fourth, they also used it for pornographic activities.

Fifth, Internet was used a huge platform to sell and to buy goods without a single cent

being spent for transportation through online shops and online retailers. Sixth, as a result,

“telecommute” began or some were able to take their jobs at home as full-time work.

Seventh, most of the schools required the students to use the Internet as search engine for

school works.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 9

Eight, Internet was used as a freedom wall for people expressing themselves vocally,

politically, artistically, or socially about the different issues around the world. Ninth, in this way,

people used it to discuss, to share their own opinions, and for their own monologues.

Last, some people used the Internet to look for someone to listen about their personal

problems and to seek support socially, psychologically or medically.

After the reasons, it was found that 16-24 years old were found to use mobile devices for

online purposes higher than the 39% of the 25-34 years old in doing the same activity. In a

slowly manner, the 55-64 years old were found to also adopt the internet. (Ofcom, 2015)

In a worldwide aspect, Filipinos and Brazilians were found to utilized most of their

energy in the web at an average time of 5.2 hours per day but Brazillians and Thais were found

to use their internet and logging in an average of 3.9 hours every day. (Bauer, 2017)

Some may use their mobile internet in different social media found in the Internet.

According to Biteable, there were different types of social media.

First, the social networking sites used for connecting with friends, family and other

brands in economic industry. It was where the interactions between others, knowledge-sharing

and even personal happened. The example includes Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. 94% of the

people in the Latin America saw Facebook as universal and have their own profile online (Bauer,

2017). Based on Statista, United States as of 2018, 67 million were active users of Twitter which

was lower than the 68 million of the previous year.

Second, the image sharing sites which created, curated and were people shared different

images that may speak for themselves and may interest others. It was a visual content which
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 10

includes images, infographics and illustrations that someone can be attracted to. In this site, it

includes Instagram, Imgur and Snapchat. Statista found that half of the users of Instagram where

between the ages of 18 and 29 years old. It was also used as a social media marketing tool where

an average of 27.9 posts per month where made by the different brands by posting images.

Third, video hosting sites was accessible for videos created and thought by the creators

which he or she shared in this platform. It includes the Youtube and Vimeo. Last for the social

media and its’ platforms was the community blogs that can be associated with the discussion

sites. It was a space where someone can express his or her thoughts and connects with his or her

readers online. This site includes the Mediam and the Tumblr.

Besides on the positive effect of social media towards the people, it can also implied

negative effects that many users have not think about.

First, it enabled the spread of false information and unreliable sources that was often

called “Fake News” through the sharing of information between people.

Second, it also exposed the privacy of the users who were currently engaged in the

Internet such as posting some images in social media sites. It happened to some of the users

because he or she may just simply accepted the terms and conditions that the internet have

without reading and understanding deeply the main content.

Third, as the users continuously abuse the usage of Internet, they tend to forgot how to

use the face to face basis for communication and socialization. This was proven by the USC

Anneberg School study, when they found that people uses 34 % of face-to-face communication.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 11

In addition to that, students used the social media platforms unlimitedly that may result in

the changed patterns of sleep which may cause: depression, loss of memory, problems at school

like lower grades and low academic performances; and an early introduction for cyberbullying.

According to Blake Recovery Center’s statement, cyberbullying was found prominent to those

vulnerable students who cannot take care of themselves.

College Readiness

According to Conley’s (2010) statement, college readiness was the foundation for student

success in college. It was defined that a college ready student was not just who is enrolled but at

the same time, succeeded in his or her college courses. They must be qualified and abled to

complete their entry level courses with enough passing grades. They were also college ready, if

the students were prepared to encounter and to face the deal with the new culture and experience

of college thorough learning the norms which fit in an academic and social environment.

Being “college-ready” means being well planned for any postsecondary education or

training experience that includes any two- and four- year courses. It also means that graduated

high school student have the skills and knowledge that were important in order to qualify and

succeed in an entry-level; and credit-bearing college courses. In addition, there were three

comprising dimensions that need to be considered such as: academic preparedness where they

should be prepared for the academic stuffs they will be facing; academic tenacity which they

have to be strong and endure the challenge; and college knowledge. There were sets of skills,

knowledge and behavior that a student must have upon entering in college. It was a challenge for

them to build a certain mindset for able to sustain college. This also include that a student must
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 12

have his/ her own prior knowledge or even advanced knowledge on Math, English, Science,

Language and many more.

When entering college, students needed to know the requirements for their preferred

schools. According to Dictionary.com, United States of America youths have their American

College Testing (ACT) and Scholastic Reasoning Test (SAT I). Then, the results of either the

ACT or SAT will be sent to their preferred schools. Most of the universities in America do not

have the time to read approximately 75,000 documents from the applicants so that the results of

the two exams were a must. (Cairns, 2019)

The ACT have math test, English test and Science test but the SAT I was different. SAT I

have two sections: math section; reading and writing sections. There were 23 states in America

and 75% of the class of 2017 took the ACT. States who have the highest percentages of students

that meet the college-ready scores for ACT were Minnesota, Illimois, Ohio and South Dakota.

For SAT, 50 % of the students took the exam out of 23 states. States who have the highest

percentages of students that meet the college-ready scores for SAT I were Vermont,

Massachusetts, Virginia, Hawaii and Washington. In all four sections of college-ready exam of

ACT, 27% of the class of 2017 passed and 46% for the two sections of SAT I. (Rado, 2018)

In the Philippines context, Basic Education Exit Assessment (BEEA) was administered

on school year 2018-2019 in relation with the DepEd Order No. 5, series of 2019 for all Grade

12 students of all public and private schools nationwide.

It included the students which were 21st century skill learners and the eight core learning

Areas of Senior High School (SHS) – Languages, Humanities, Communication, Mathematics,

Social Sciences, Science and Philosophy.

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 13

As a result, BEEA will help Department of Education in determining if the students meet

the learning standards, for improving the instructional practices through the information from the

answers, for validating the effectivity and efficiency of education service. Through these

statements, empirical information will be provided and will be the basis of the curriculum,

assessments for learning delivery and for reviewing and formulating policies.

On the month of April, the results will be presented by using the proficiency levels which

was corresponded the percentage scores. (DepEd, 2019)

Then, there’s an online survey wherein students answered questions about their

perspective on college and career readiness which took them for about 30 minutes. The results

came out with different percentages in different aspects. 42% of the students were found using

the college entrance exam preparations. Counseling was found prominent as the students’

answers but it was took in different instances. 36% of the students were found to seek the help of

the counselors for career possibilities, 34% of the students for college admissions requirements,

32% for applying for college and the 23% of the students on paying for college. (Leal, 2015)

Out of 165,000 high school students in America answered a multi-year College and

Career Readiness conducted by the YouthTruth, and found that 45% of the students were

optimistic for their college and career readiness. In applying college, 56% of the students

believed that their school helped them to apply in college while 46% of the students thought they

were helped by the school for matching their careers with their personal interests and abilities.

(Leal, 2015)

On the year 2018, Philstar Global conducted a survey which the Department of Education

(DepEd) released the data that shows how many students were enrolled this year. It was about
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 14

23.5 million students higher than last year’s 22.9 million while 152,000 youths were expected to

enroll in state, local colleges and universities that gave quality education programs.

In accord with results of the Philstar Global, Philamlife also conducted a survey for 1000

Filipino students from South Central Mindanao and shown only 23 percent of them were able to

finish college. Some of the students were not able to finish college because of different reasons

such: lack of financial support, 16% of the students cannot afford to pay for their illness and 96%

of them were concerned with their health. (year)

According to College Success in contrary, other than the academic factors there were also

nonacademic factors that can influence the college readiness and success. The nonacademic

factors include individual psychosocial factors and motivation that was basically on how

committed the student and how well he/ she were academically disciplined. Second, the family

factors which include the geographic stability, the approach of the parents toward the education

and the involvement of the family towards their offspring’s school activities. The last one, career

planning which the interests and the post-secondary work was identified if it fits the student or

not.

Hypothesis

HA: There is a positive correlation between internet exposure and college readiness of the

students.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 15

Conceptual Framework

Profile of Respondents
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Section
Internet Exposure
d. Longevity of using and having the
internet
Factors in Influencing College Readiness
e. Different social networking College Readiness
websites
f. Perception towards social
networking websites
g. Number of college websites being
used
h. How influential were social
networking websites
i. Factors influences college
readiness

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study.

The researchers divided the sub-variables into three which were classified as the Profile of

the Respondents, Internet Exposure and Factors in Influencing the College Readiness.

The predictor includes the Profile of the Respondents: the researchers’ age, gender and the

section of the respondents. Then, for Internet Exposure the researchers will use the given

indicators: average length of time for a participant in using the internet and average years in
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 16

having the Internet. The factors which influence the College readiness of a student were also

included. The indicators that the researchers will use for the factors that influence College

readiness were the perception towards social networking websites, how influential were social

networking websites and factors influences college readiness. The sub-variables and those

indicators will be used to figure out if the Internet Exposure directly influences the student’s

college readiness.

Theoretical Framework

Albert Bandura created social learning theory which believed that environment influences

the learning behavior of a person than the internal factors inside himself.

According to Britannica, in the concept of social learning theory, models were made as

the leading exponents. It was believed that as the children watched they acquired knowledge in

many forms.

Based on instructional design.org, observation and modelling where being emphasized as

the behaviors and attitudes, and emotional reactions of others were being observed and modelled.

It was explained that there is a continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral

and in the environmental influences of a human behavior.

The theory used 72 children (36 boys and 36 girls) divided into three for the three stages

and needed 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls) per stage. The first stage was the modelling where

in the first set of children observed a female and male behaving aggressively towards a toy called

“Bobo doll”. To act aggressively the models used hammers, threw the doll in the air and shouted

“Pow, boom”. Then, the next batch were exposed to non-aggressive models and quietly played

the toy. The last were called as the control group and they are not exposed with other model. The
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 17

second stage was the aggression arousal, the children were separately brought to the room with

relatively attractive toys and the experimenters told the students that those toys were reserved for

the other children. Lastly, the third stage or Test for Delayed Imitation where in the room was

filled with aggressive toys like a 3 foot Bobo doll, mallet and peg board. Also, with non-

aggressive toys like crayons, tea set and three bears. The students were observed for 20 minutes.

As a result, boys were found to be more physically aggressive than the girls. (Macleod, 2014)

In this research, the theory was applied on how students observe the environment they

belong to. The Internet being a worldwide material in accessing different information; students

may use it as a source of actions for their daily life. In college readiness, student may acquire

knowledge based on the given resources of internet.

Definition of Terms

ACT or American College Test. used as a national standardized test that served as a

measurement of aptitude and critical thinking that were carefully reviewed by the colleges and

universities in the United States when the students want to admit.

SAT or Scholastic Assessment Test/ Scholastic Aptitude Test. used for a standardized

test used to evaluate suitability for college admission.

K to 12 Program. covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of

primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School

[SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners,

and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and

entrepreneurship.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 18

Immersion. done outside the school campus in a “Workplace Immersion Venue,”

defined as “the place where work immersion of students is done. Examples of work immersion

venues include offices, factories, shops and project sites.”

Fake News. false stories that appear to be news and spread on the internet or using other

media, usually created to influence political views or as a joke.

Methods

Research Design

In order to see significant relationship between college readiness and internet exposure,

the researchers used a correlational method. A correlational study is a quantitative method of

research in which two or more quantitative variables from the same group of subjects exist, and

the researcher determines if there is a relationship between these two variables (Waters, 2014).

In this type of study, the researchers gathered factual and detailed information about the

predictor and criterion variables of the study. Correlational methodology allowed the researchers

to see if there is a significant relationship between variables, if one variable increase and

decrease that may affect the other variable, or neither the predictor nor criterion variable do not

make any changes. (Kalla, 2011)

Research Locale

The study was conducted in selected Grade 12 Senior High School Department of

Baliuag University as it accommodates a huge number of incoming college students, having its

own website with monthly calendars, social media account, directory of offices and admissions

for preparatory to masteral degree holders; and available wireless Fidelity in the Information and
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 19

Communication facility. It also offered college courses that students may choose and the

researchers chose it because of the availability and accessibility of the participants which were

the selected Grade 12 students which the following points may contribute to the study of the

researchers.

Participants of the Study

The participants of the study were the Science Technology and Engineering Management

(EngTech), Accountancy and Business Management (Access), Humanities and Social Sciences

(SocSci) and General Academic Strand (GenCad) students were considered to be the respondents

because they were easy to obtain, more likely to exposed in the Internet. People ages 16 to 24

years old were found to use mobile devices for online purposes higher than the 39% of the 25-34

years old in doing the same activity. (Ofcom, 2015) Then the participants will enter college after

they graduate. Wherein, 294 students from the Grade 12 Senior High School are chosen as the

research participants.

Sampling Procedure

A stratified-random convenience sampling procedure was used for selecting the

participants in this study. This technique was employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of

the variables for the study from the strands which represent the strata. The stratification was

based on the 22 sections of four available strands of Grade 12 Senior High School in Baliuag

University. Within each section, the researchers included only 14 students because most of the

sections consist of 30-40 students. The 14 students were chosen based on their availability and

accessibility inside the classroom.

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 20

Proportionate stratified sampling as used to select 294 students on the 21 sections of

Baliuag University for equal distribution of survey forms.

Research Instrument

To gather the needed data, the questions for the survey were adapted from the past

research of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Some of the questions from the adapted survey have been omitted such as the web

browsers being used and number of specific college university websites being visited. The

researchers added some statements for the college readiness gave by the research consultant.

The survey started with a consent letter or as the participant’s informed consent if they

will agree to participate or not. Then, the demographic profile was comprised with age, gender,

and strands of the selected students. The names were optional for the respondent’s anonymity

and confidential information.

Second part of it was about the internet. On how the students used internet, how long

they’ve been using internet and how much time they spend using the internet. The third part of

the survey was about the factors influences the students on their college choices. And, the fourth

part was the college readiness statements on do the students were ready for college.

The researchers used close-ended questions or the structured survey to avoid bias and

unexpected answers from the respondents; and to lessen the time in answering the survey forms.

In addition the instrument was validated by the researcher’s consultant.

During the data gathering, the researchers also abide ethical considerations in data

collecting. These are:

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 21

Informed Consent. On the cover of the instrument, a written participation agreement

was noted to be signed by the participants. It was added to inform the respondents that their

participation is fully voluntary and they are not forced to answer the questionnaire.

Confidentiality and Anonymity. The respondents’ name was written as optional. They

have the leeway to whether or not write their real names on the survey. Furthermore, none of the

participants’ identities were exposed, or used.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the researcher’s consultant checked the survey form, the researchers prepared a

permission letter to conduct a survey to the principal of Baliuag University Senior High School

Department. The permit included the different parts in the instrument to inform the

administrators on what the respondents will answer, name of the researchers, signature of the

research adviser and principal; and the date being signed.

They started looking for an available classroom and as they found one, the researchers

chose the 14 respondents at that moment based on their availability and willingness to answer the

survey. They explained the purpose of the study and made sure that each respondent corresponds

to the given criteria. The respondents consumed 15 minutes of the time in answering the survey

forms.

After, the respondents took the tests and then the papers were checked and tallied; and

were interpreted and analyzed through SPSS 22.

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 22

Data Analysis

To interpret the data, the researchers used the Likert-scale. And to further analyze, the

researchers used SPSS software version 22.

Mean Range Interpretation for Factors Influencing College Readiness

Point Score
Interpretation

3 2.35-3.01 Very
Influential

2 1.68-2.34 Influential

1 1-1.67 Least
Influential

Mean Range Interpretation for Internet Exposure

Point Scale
Interpretation

5 4.21-5.00 More than 6

hours

4 3.41-4.20 4 hours to 6

hours

3 2.61-3.40 2 hours to 4
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 23

hours

2 1.81-2.60 30 minutes to 2

hours

1 1-1.80 Almost Never

Mean Range Interpretation for Internet Exposure in terms of years having internet access

Point Scale
Interpretation

5 4.21-5.00 More than 7

years
4 3.41-4.20 4-6
years
3 2.61-3.40 2-3
years
2 1.81-2.60 Almost a
year
1 1-1.80 Almost a
month

Mean Range Interpretation for College Readiness

Point Scale Interpretation

4 3.25-4.0 Very Prepared

3 2.5-3.24 Prepared

2 1.76-2.4 Fairly Prepared

1 1-1.75 Not Prepared

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 24

To interpret the gathered data, the researchers will use the following;

1. Frequency and Percentage was used to describe the respondents’ demographic

profile.

2. Mean average and Standard deviation was used to look to describe internet exposure

and college readiness; for the average time in using the Internet and average years in

having the Internet.

3. Pearson ‘r Correlation analysis was used to find if there is a significant relationship

between college readiness and Internet exposure.

Pearson ‘r Product-Moment Coefficient Interpretation

Coefficient Scale Interpretation

1 Perfect
0.76-0.99 Strong
0.51-0.75 Moderate
0.26-0.50 Fair
0-0.25 Little

Results and Discussions

Table 1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 25

Male 127 56.8

Female 167 43.2

Total 294 100.0

Table 1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of sex. Among the

294 respondents, 127 (56.8%) are males and 167 (43.2%) are females.

Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Age

Age Frequency Percentage

16-17 145 49.3

18-19 149 50.

Total 294 100.7

Table 2 shows the distribution of research respondents according to age. The 145(49.3%)

of respondents are 16-17 years old and likewise, 149 (50.7%) of respondents are 18-19 years old.

The ages of the respondents who compromise the large part of the population are the ages 18-19

years old.
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 26

Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Strands

Strands Frequency Percentage

Science, Technology, Engineering Management 126 42.9

(Engtech)

Accountancy and Business Management 84 28.6

(Access)

Humanities and Social Sciences 28 9.5

(SocSci)

General Academic Strand 56 19.0

(Gas)

Total 294 100.0

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 27

Table 3 presents the distribution of respondents in terms of strand. The EngTech students

are composed of 126 (42.9%) of the respondents. Then, the Access students are composed of 84

(28.6%) of the respondents. 28 (9.5%) of the respondents came from the SocSci strand while the

56 (19%) of the respondents came from the GenCad strand.

Table 4

Mean and Standard Deviation Interpretation for Internet Exposure in terms of the years of
having Internet

Inventory Score

N M SD
Internet Exposure

294 4.11 1.06

Table 4 presents the average level of Internet Exposure (M=4.11, SD=1.06, N=294) of the

respondents. The result suggests that the students have been using the Internet for about 4 to 6

years.

Table 5

Mean and Standard Deviation Interpretation for the hours in using the Internet

Inventory Score
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 28

N M SD
Internet Exposure
294 4.11 1.06

Table 6 presents the average level of hours the respondents spent in Internet (M=4.10,

SD=1.06, N=294). The result suggests that respondents hours for using the internet is about 4 to

6 hours

Table 6

Mean and Standard Deviation Interpretation for College Readiness

Inventory Score

N M SD

College Readiness Average

294 3.76 2.49

Table 4 presents the average level of college readiness (M=3.76, SD=2.49, N=294) of the

respondents. The result suggests that the students are very prepared for college.

Table 7

Mean and Standard Deviation Interpretation for the Influence of Social Networking Sites for
College
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 29

Inventory Score

N M D

Social Networking sites

294 1.85 .841

Table 7 presents how influential the social networking sites (M= 1.85, SD=.841, N=294) for the

respondents. The result suggests that the social networking sites for college are influential.

Table 8

Pearson ‘R product-moment coefficient Table for Internet Exposure in Terms of the Year of

Having an Internet and College Readiness

Variable Statistical Treatment College Readiness (CR)

Pearson Correlation 0.48

Internet Exposure Sig. (2-tailed) .411

N 294

A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was computed to assess the

relationship between years of having Internet and college readiness. It was found that there is no

significant correlation between the years of having Internet and college readiness of the

respondents (r=0.48, N=294, Sig=.411 ≥ .001)

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 30

Table 9

Pearson ‘R product-moment coefficient Table for Internet Exposure in Terms of the Hours of

using the Internet and College Readiness

Variable Statistical Treatment College Readiness (CR)

Pearson Correlation 0.30

Internet Exposure Sig. (2-tailed) .607

N 294

It was found on the Table 8 that there is no significant relationship between the hours of

using the internet and college readiness of the respondents (r=0.30, N=294, Sig=.607 ≥ .001)

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 31

The researchers conducted a study entitled “Internet Exposure and College Readiness: A

Correlational Study. The study aims to seek how college readiness and internet exposure, the two

major variables, were being described. Also, it included the average time of the students in using

the Internet and while using it as the medium for college purposes. The preparedness and being

ready of the participants in college were being analyzed through the average level done in the

survey.

A Correlational Study was used in order to get the relationship between Internet

Exposure and Student’s college readiness. The researchers used stratified-random sampling

procedure where it was proportionally divided into 14 participants per strata of Grade 12 Baliuag

University Senior High School Department to ensure a fair and equal gathered data. In total,

there were 294 participants. Survey form was chosen as the researchers’ instrument and it was

adopted in the past research of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. In order to find the needed

data and to analyze it, the researchers used SPSS 2.2.

Conclusions

1. The researchers found that majority of the 294 respondents were found to have been

using Internet about 4 to 6 years.

2. The average level of the college readiness of the Grade 12 students of Baliuag University

was found to be very prepared.

3. In the longevity in spending the Internet, it was found that the respondents using it at

about 4 to 6 hours.

4. In accordance with this, it was found that the social networking sites for colleges were

influential. (M= 1.85, SD= .841).

 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 32

The researcher hypothesized that there is a relationship between internet exposure and

college readiness.

1. Based on the findings, it was found that there is no relationship between the internet

exposures in terms of the years in having the Internet based on the SPSS 2.2 results. The

Sig. (2 tailed) .411 by using the Pearson Correlation.

2. It was also found that there is no relationship between the hours of using the Internet and

college readiness. Sig. (2-tailed) .607.

Thus, the hypothesis was rejected.

Recommendations

The researchers recommend to the school administrations, that improving their websites

may be a factor why internet exposure and college readiness had no significant relationship.

The researchers recommend conducting further research about the internet exposure of

the students which it may include different factors that may contribute on the college readiness

of the students. Internet was a big topic that there were different types of being exposed in the

Internet.

1. For the improvement of the study, the future researchers may change the instrument

used.

2. The future researchers may also change the number of participants.

3. In terms of the research design, the researchers may recommend to add the

comparative design with the correlational design. There are some sub-variables of the

that may compared with each other such as the most used social media and the factors
 INTERNET EXPOSURE AND COLLEGE READINESS 33

that may influence the respondents being college ready. It was not included in the

study of the researchers because they were focused on the relationships between

internet exposure and college readiness.

4. On the theoretical framework, the future research may look for another theory that

matched the study and the variables.

5. They should also focus on the review of related literature because they are lack of

articles and studies to prove that there is a relationship between internet exposure and

college readiness. The researchers also added that the future researchers should find

some reliable resources different articles and journal. (.edu, .org, .gov)

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