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    Questions and Answers Level I, II and III Liquid Penetrant Testing Method

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    luu cong son ndt

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    stions Swers Levels I, II, and III Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Book D - Revised rican Sot foriNondestructtrs ates rang) Inc. -Stions uel! Swers Levels I, II, and III Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Supplement to Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Book D - Revised The American Societ for Nondestructive Testing, Inc Compiled by the MT/PT Committee of the T&E Council Methods Division of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing. ‘This pblication contains suggested questions and answers jn the Liqud Penetant Testing method for us in ‘conjunction with Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, available from ASNT. Published by ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1711 Arlingate Lane . PO Box 28518 ‘Columbus, OH 43228-0518 Copyright © 2002, 2003 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT is not responsible for the authenticity or accuracy of information herein. Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinion of ASNT. Products or services that are advertised or mentioned do not carry the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT. IRRSP, Level Ill Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, NDT Handbook, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, The NDT Technician and wwwasnt.org are trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ACCP, ASNT, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and RNDE ate registered trademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. ASNT exists to create a safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nondestructive testing. ISBN-13: 978-1-57117-100-9 ISBN-10: 1-57117-100-2 Printed in the United States of America first printing 1996 second printing with revisions 02/03 third printing 08/06 fourth printing with corrections 05/09 Table of Contents References Reference Usage List Level I Questions Answers Level I Questions Answers Level III Questions Answers 17 27 29 37 Recommended Training References Liquid Penetrant Testing Method ‘The following references were used in formulating the questions contained in this book. A+ McMaster, R.C., ed. Nondestructive Testing Handbook, first edition, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 1959. B.* Tracy, Noel A., technical editor, Patrick O. Moore, editor, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, third edition: Volume 2, Liquid Penetrant Testing, Columbus, OH, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 1999. C.* Liquid Penetrant Testing: Classroom Training Handbook (C1-6-2) and Liquid Penetrant Testing Programmed Insiruction Handbook (PI-4-2), San Diego, CA, General Dynamics/Convair Division. 1978. (Now published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.) D.* Metals Handbook, eighth edition, Nondestructive Inspection and Quality Control, Volume 11, Metals Park, OH, American Society for Metals, 1976. Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. Each question found in this book is followed by letter(s) and page number(s) indicating the specific recommended reference where the answer may be found. For example: 28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is: ‘a, saturation ». capillary action c, blotting . wetting agent In this example, the letter “D” refers to Reference D in the list above and “21” is the specific age in Reference D where the answer to the question is located. Reference Usage List Reference A: Total = 83 Level I (70) Level I (0) Level IIT (13) Reference B: Total = 84 Level 1 (19) Level II (27) Level Ill (38) Reference C: Total = 9 Level (4) Level II (0) Level III (5) Reference D: Total = 69 Level I (22) Level If (46) Level IMI (1) 2. Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Level I Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Which one of the following conditions will affect 5. the rate and the extent a liquid penetrant will enter cracks, fissures and other small openings? a. the hardness of the specimen being tested b. the surface condition of the specimen being tested . the color of the penetrant 4. the conductivity ofthe spetimen being tested Which of the following is a commonly used classification for penetrant? &. postemulsifiable penetrant b. nonferrous penetrant ‘e. chemical etch penetrant d. jueous penetrant Ronsaucous Pe AG-2 ‘A generally accepted method for removing ‘excess nonwater Washable penetrant is: 4. repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water c. blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed air 4. wiping and cautiously cleaning the test 8. specimen with a cleaner-dampened cloth AG-I9 Alllof the following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant method except: a. an iron casting b. an aluminum forging c. a part made from a porous plastic material 9. d. a part made from a nonporous material p AGI ‘Which of the following discontinuities can be found by the penetrant test method? a. a surface crack b. a subsurface crack cc. an internal inclusion d. none of the above AGL Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing? a. sand blasting b. wire brushing c. grinding d. vapor degreasing All of the following methods are commonly used to clean parts prior to penetrant testing except: a. vapor degreasing b. liquid solvent ¢. power wire brushing d. alkaline cleaner A6-6 Cutting oils may be effectively removed from parts before penetrant testing by: a. preheating b. vapor degreasing . washing with water 4. all of the above B.169 ‘The most common type of contaminant in ce: detergents (from cleaning) 4. water A.7-33 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 10. Ultraviolet light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fluorescent penetrant inspection ccan cause permanent damage to: a. human tissues b. human eyes ¢. human blood cells d. none of the above A735 11. All of the following basic inspection principles apply to the visible penetrant methods except: a. the penetrant must enter the discontinuity in order to form an indication. b. indications glow when illuminated with an ultraviolet light c. a longer penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities 4. if the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity, an indication will not be formed that discontinuity Dy that discontinuity AGS 12. Subsurface discontinuities cam be best detected by: a, the postemulsification penetrant method b. the visible dye penetrant method ¢. the fluorescent, water washable penetrant method d. none of the above AGL 13. Water washable penetrants may be applied by: a. brushing b. spraying c. dipping . all of the above D.32 14, The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that has been painted is to: a. carefully apply the penetrant over the surface ’. completely remove the paint ¢. thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent . wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint A66 . When using a postemulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply the emulsifier: a, before applying the penetrant b. after the water wash operation c. after the dwell time has elapsed d. after the development time has elay aes . When conducting a water washable liquid Penetrant test, the wet developer is applied: 4, immediately after the penetrant has been applied . immediately before the penetrant is applied c. after removal of the penetrant d. after removal of the emulsifier D33 ‘The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the penetrant in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum, bleedout of the liquid penetrant for increased ‘contrast and sensitivity, is known a a. blotting . capillary action . concentration 4. attraction D.2s . Using an ultraviolet light lamp with a cracked filter or without the filter in place can cause damage to human eyes because the lamp emits: a. black light b. ultraviolet light . infrared light d. none of the above AT-17 ). The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is covered with penetrant is: a. waiting time b. soak time (drain time) c. penetration time (dwell time) d. bleed in time AG3 ai. 22, Usually, the most desirable method of removing. excess water washable penetrant after the dwell time is by using: a low pressure coarse water spray ». water and brush a solid stream of water water and clean rags peoe AGT ‘When conducting a liquid penetrant test using a postemulsifiable visible dye penetrant, the ‘generally accepted method for applying the wet developer is by: a, brushing b. swabbing c. dipping & spraying A6-17 Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liquid penetrant testing? 1. this method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or discontinuity b. this method can be used for on-site testing of large parts . this method can be used to find shallow surface discontinuities 4. this method can be made more o less sensitive by using diferent penerant materials Which of the following discontinuities is most likely to be missed due to improper rinse techniques? a. a forging lap b. deep pitting c. shallow and broad discontinuities . the rinse technique will not affect the detection of discontinuities A6-S When conducting a fluorescent penetrant test, ‘commonly used technique for assuring that the ‘excess penetrant has been removed prior to the application of a developer is to: a. blow compressed air over the surface b. chemically etch the surface ¢. blot the surface with absorbent paper 4. sean the surface with an ultraviolet ight | Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 25. Which of the following surface conditions could have a detrimental effect on a liquid penetrant test? a. a wet surface . a rough weld . an oily surface 4. all of the above A66 26. Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting: a. subsurface intergranular stress corrosion cracking discontinuities . discontinuities open to the surface c. subsurface discontinuities d. lack of fusion (subsurface) p20 27. Ultraviolet light equipment is required when penetrant testing by: a. the fluorescent penetrant method b. the visible dye penetrant method c. the nonfluorescent penetrant method. d, all of the above A624 28. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is a saturation ». capillary action . blotting d. wetting agent ne ae Da 29. Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from the specimen: a. after the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed b. before the application of an emulsifier if a postemulsifier penetrant is used . by means of a steam cleaner | only when water washable penetrants are used ae Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 30. When using a postemulsifiable penetrant, the emulsifier time should be: a. as long as the penetrant dwell time b, half the penetrant dwell time «. the same as the developer time 4. only as long as necessary to remove the interfering background pas 31. When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should become adjusted to the dark before inspecting parts. The generally accepted minimum time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is: a. 1to5 min b. 50 10 min ¢. 10 to 15 min d. no waiting period is ing period is necessary Baud 32. When applying penetrant by dipping, heating the penetrant prior to dipping: . will not increase the sensitivity of the test b. will not increase the capillary action of the penetrant . will increase the stability of the penetrant d. is not generally recommended 47-34 33. Liquid penetrant inspection cannot find: a. surface porosity b. surface cracks ¢. an internal cavity d. a surface forging lay forging lap AG-1 34. All of the following materials can be tested by the usual liquid penetrant tests except: a. unglazed porous ceramic ». titanium . high alloy steel 4. cast iron AG-1 35. 37. 38. Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect: . discontinuities 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) below the surface b. internal discontinuities ¢. discontinuities open to the surface 4. all discontinuities AGI Which of the following are commonly accepted methods for applying penetrant? . dipping the part in penetrant (dipping) ». pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (flowing) . spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (Spraying) 4. all of the above D32 A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess all of the following characteristics except that the: a. cleaner must be capable of dissolving oils and greases commonly found on the surface b. cleaner must not be flammable ¢. cleaner must be free of excessive contaminants 4. cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface BATI-172 ‘Which of the statements below best states the danger of sandblasting (without subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? 4. the discontinuities may be pened over and closed b. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities c. the sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the discontinuity 4, the sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities ABS 39. The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen: a. seeps into discontinuities b. is absorbed by discontinuities c. is drawn into discontinuities by cay action 4. is drawn into discontinuities by gravity llary D2 40. Which of the following statements concerning liquid penetrant testing is correct? a, fluorescent penetrants will produce red against white discontinuity indications b. nonfluorescent penetrants require the use of ultraviolet lights ¢. fluorescent indications will be seen when exposed to ultraviolet light 4. nonfluorescent discontinuities glow in the dark for easy viewing and interpretation 41. When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a test specimen: a, the penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from discontinuities ». sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an interfering background . the use of a solvent-dampened cloth is a ‘common method of penetrant removal 4. all of the above D234 42, The most widely accepted method for removing excessive water washable penetrant from the surface of a test specimen is by a. using a wet rag b. using a water spray rinse . washing the part directly under water running from a tap 4. immersing the part in water the par AGT 43. The final inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should take place: ‘a. immediately after the developer has been applied b. any time after the developer has been applied . after the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper development time 4. immediately after the rinse operation Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 44. Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants? 2. visible dye penetrants do not require ultraviolet light ». visible dye penetrants are more sensitive than fluorescent penetrants . visible dye penetrants are superior in penetrating characteristics 4. visible dye penetrants are not toxic while fluorescent penetrants are toxic D31 45. The terms dry, aqueous wet and nonaqueous wet are used to describe three different types of: a. emulsifiers », cleaners ¢. developers 4d. penetrant " D26 46. Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for applying penetrants? a. rubbing the penetrant over the surface b. brushing the penetrant on the part . spraying the penetrant on the part d. dipping the in the ‘trant PPINE he Past i he Penetean 6-2, 7,13, 19 47. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for removing nonwater washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of a test specimen? a. dipping in a solvent b. spraying c. hand wiping 4. blowing AG-19 48, Which of the following is an acceptable method for applying wet developers? a. application with a soft brush b. application with a hand powder bulb cc. rubbing with a saturated cloth 4. spraying or dippiny spraying or pp ing AG-17, 15 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 49. When using solvent removable penetrants, the excess penetrant may be removed by: dipping the part in solvent . spraying the part with water and a solvent c. rubbing the part with a wet rag 4. wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been ightly moistened with solvent 50. While conducting a penetrant test, all of the following health precautions should be applied except: a. keeping the work area clean b. washing any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as possible ¢. keeping penetrant off clothes 4. washing any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline A735 51. Which of the following surface contaminants cannot be removed by cleaning parts in a vapor degreaser? a. grease b. rust c. heavy oil 4. soluble oil A6-6 52. Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, itis portant to ensure that the surface of the part is free of: 2. oil or grease b. acids or chromates ¢. traces of water 4. all of the above AG-6 53, When performing a penetrant test using a postemulsification penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with respect to Proper timing? a. dwell time b. developing time cc, emulsification time d. drying time sing AG-12 . Which of the following is the most likely result of an excessive emulsification time when penetrant testing with postemulsification enetrants? a. a large number of nonrelevant indications could appear on the part b. shallow discontinuity indications could be lost . excess penetrant could remain after the wash ‘operation 4, the emulsifier could harden, preventing the developer from blotting the penetrant in discontinuities ASS In penetrant testing, developers should be able to perform all of the following functions except: a. blotting penetrant from discontinuities b. aiding in providing an image of a discontinuity . adding fluorescence to penetrants 4. helping control bleedout AGS . Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing? 4. penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material ». penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities ¢. penetrant testing cannot be used on nonmetallic surfaces 4, penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities BS In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to inspection is often referred to as the: a. emulsification time b. development time ¢. dwell time 4. none of the above A615 58. 61. 62. Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test that can be used for: a. locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test specimen b. locating and determining the length, width, and depth of discontinuities in a test specimen ¢. determining the tensile strength of a test specimen 4. locating discontinuities open tothe suring When conducting a penetrant test using ‘fluorescent penetrant, ultraviolet light equipment is required to: . cause the penetrant to fluoresce b. aid the normal capillary action characteristics of a penetrant ©, neutralize excess penetrant on the surface 4d. decrease the surface tension of the part 62 ‘The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant from a test specimen is primarily determined by: a. the surface roughness of the specimen b. the type of material being tested c. the length of penetration time 4. all of the above A6-19 Which of the following is a type of developer used in penetrant inspection? a. dry D. aqueous particulate . nonaqueous particulate . water soluble e. all of the above D.26 ‘When penetrant testing parts, the temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. If the part is at a low temperature when tested, the: a, penetrant may become viscous b. penetrant may evaporate very rapidly . color intensity of the penetrant will decrease 4. penetrant will tend to adhere to the surface of the part AS-7 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I . Ifa part to be penetrant tested is hot, the penetrant; ‘a. may become viscous ’. may reduce sensitivity to small defects ¢. may lose some of its color brilliance 4. will show small discontinuities better |. Penetrants may be classified or subdivided by the method used to remove excess penetrant. Which of the following is a proper classification in accordance with this statement? a. nonsolvent removable b, vapor degreased . brush removable 4. water washable AG2 . The problem with retesting a test specimen with fluorescent penetrants that has been previously tested using visible dye liquid penetrant is that: a, the penetrant may form beads on the surface b. the penetrant left in discontinuities may be misleading when the specimen is retested . the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance d. residue can diminish or destroy fluorescent indication brightness . B.165 . Which of the following conditions will decrease the life of an ultraviolet light bulb? 2. line voltage fluctuations b. dust on the face of the bulb ©. changes in room temperature 4. all of the above A716 Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing? a. developers are normally highly fluorescent b. developers often furnish a contrasting background during inspection . developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities after the rinse ‘operation has been completed 4. developers may be either wet or di developers may aga Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 68. Which of the following statements is true? a. sandblasting is a generally accepted method for cleaning a surface that is to be penetrant tested b. parts should be heated prior to the application of a penetrant . if the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of water washable penetrants 4. development time should be at least twice the penetration time Ban 69. When using a wet developer: a. a thick layer of developer is better than a thin layer for showing very fine cracks . compressed air should be used to remove excess developer ¢. ablack developer will show better contrast than a white developer 4. a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks 70. Which of the following statements is false? a, sandblasting is not a recommended method for preparing for a penetrant test b. itis not necessary to remove a film of oil from ‘A part prior to penetrant testing because the penetrant is basically an oil c. vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the surface of the part to be penetrant tested 4 a voltage regulator should be used with an ultraviolet light if the line voltage ftuctuates 71. Ared against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when: a. dry developers are used . visible dye penetrants are used . fluorescent postemnulsification penetrants are used d. wet devel are used. pers AG2 B. 14, 15. Which of the following can be removed from the surface of a test specimen by vapor degreasing? a. oil ». paint cc. phosphate coatings 4. oxides A66 ‘The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to: a. promote penetration of the penetrant b. absorb emulsifier residues ¢. provide a blotting action to draw penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background 4. help to dry the surface for beter observation, Which one of the following statements is an incorrect use of crack panels (blocks)? 4, to establish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as needed b. to determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants , to determine if a penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on fluorescent penetrants because of contamination d. to determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to remove penetrant on the surface without removing it from the cracks A.7-24 Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using water ‘washable penetrants? a, be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse operation b. be sure that the recommended dwell time is not exceeded ¢. avoid overrinsing the part 4. avoid overapplication of emulsifier D33 76. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using. solvent removable penetranis? a, do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier +b, do not apply an excessive amount of solvent cc. do not use an insufficient rinse pressure d. be sure to use an ultraviolet light to determine ifthe excess penetrant has been rinsed away 77. Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result in: ‘a. subsequent corrosion of the surface b. difficulty in the application of developer c. excessive bleedout d. excessive background fluorescence D322 78. Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when handling penetrant materials? ‘a. prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be avoided because the oil or solvent base may cause skin irritation b. excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled c. air line respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all times . because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process are flammable, this material should be kept away from open lames 79. How long must a part be kept wet with penetrant before the removal process is started? a. it varies depending on the type of penetrant used, the type of material to be tested, the sensitivity desired, and the type of discontinuities to be detected b. since the penetrant will penetrate a discontinuity of any size in a matter of seconds, the removal process should start as soon as possible after the penetrant has been applied . 3 min | 10 min ef D32 80. 81 82. 83. Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Which of the following factors will affect resolution of penetrant indications? a. the sensitivity of the penetrant materials used b. the surface condition of the part c. the temperature of the part and or/penetrant 4d. all of the above A8-5,6,7 A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an excessive overconcentration of developer powder can cause: a. a loss of fluorescence during the inspection ‘operation . nonrelevant indications c. cracking of the developer coating during the drying operation 4d. none of the above B.S ‘What could happen if a person looks directly into an ultraviolet light? a. it will cause permanent damage to the eyes ». it will possibly cloud the vision of the person ooking into the light for a short period of time . it will cause temporary total blindness 4. none of the above ATAT ‘When using dry developer, the drying operation is performed: a. immediately after removal of excess penetrant b. before the inspection step . thoroughly d. all of the above Bar ‘The failure to completely remove acid materials from a part before fluorescent penetrant is applied will result in: ‘4. contamination of the penetrant materials , anced to double the penetrating time ¢, a permanent stain on the part 4. all of the above B.168 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 85. Water washable penetrant is applied to a part by dipping. The part is then placed on a rack while the penetrant seeps into discontinuities. If the Penetration time is too long, it will be difficult to rinse the penetrant from the part. If this happens, the normal rinsing properties can be restored by: 4, chilling the part to a temperature of 4 °C (40 °F) b. heating the part to a temperature of 54°C 130° . redipping the part 4. applying a wet developer before attempting to rinse the part A6-16 86. When drying parts during a penetrant test, the parts: a, are normally dried at room temperature . are normally dried by a circulating hot-air dryer c. should be dried in an oven set at a temperature of 54 °C (130 °F) 4, should be dried by cool forced air D32 87. The contamination of a water washable penetrant with an excessive amount of water will: penetrant . both a and b are correct d. neither a nor b are correct. A734 88. Which of the following penetrant methods is generally used for portable field inspections? a. the water washable fluorescent penetrant method », the postemulsification fluorescent penetrant method c. the solvent removable penetrant method d. none of the above A6-18 10 89. 90. 91. 93. ‘When using a fluorescent penetrant, the actual inspection must be performed: a. in a brightly lighted room . with the part at a temperature between 10 and 79°C (50 and 175 °F) c. immediately after the developer has been applied 4. in a darkened area under an ultraviolet light 6-17 Which of the following penetrants can be used when inspection must take place under ordinary lighting conditions? a. visible dye penetrant b, water washable fluorescent penetrant . postemulsification fluorescent penetrant d. any of the above AG-18 All of the following materials can be effectively tested with liquid penetrant except: a. aluminum b. unglazed ceramics. ©. glass 4. magnesium AGA Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing method? a. the liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production inspection of small parts, ». liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks C. the liquid penetrant test method is a relatively simple test method 4. the liquid penetrant test method is not effective at all temperatures aga A good penetrant must do all of the following except: a. be able to readily penetrate very fine openings b. evaporate very rapidly c. be able to remain in relatively coarse openings d. be easily removed from the surface after testi "e AT-18 94, Which of the following is not a property of a developer used in liquid penetrant testing? a. the material must be absorbent b. the material must form a thin and uniform coating over a surface cc the material must be fluorescent if used with fluorescent penetrants 4. the material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the operator era D2s 95. Developer coatings of excessive thickness: a, may not obscure indications . may be beneficial while observing small indications for fluorescent penetrants, , may be beneficial while observing small indications for visible penetrants 4. do not effect the inspection inspect BSS Color contrast penetrants are commercially available in which of the following variations? ‘a, normal solvent clean type b. water wash type . postemulsification type 4. all of the above D24 97. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen” a, residue from previous liquid penetrant testing b. machining oil c. scale, rust and corrosion: dd, all of the above B.162-163 98. Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is: ‘a. not required ». important because if the part is not clean, the developer cannot be improperly applied c. essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant from gaining access to discontinuities 4. required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications A6-6 W Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 99, When using fluorescent water washable penetrant, adequate rinsing of the part is assured by: a, timing of rinse cycle . scrubbing of part surface c. rinsing under ultraviolet light . using high pressure air with water ing high pre AGT 100. What can happen if a part processed by visible dye penetrant inspection is reprocessed by the fluorescent penetrant method? a. developer may remain on the surface causing background bb. most visible dyes diminish or destroy fluorescence c. penetrants are not compatible d. interpretation will be difficult Bass 101. A suitable filter must be used at all times over an ultraviolet light bulb because: a. too much white light will be present if the filter is not in place b. the human eye may be damaged without it c. the filter filters out undesired wave lengths d. all of the above B23 102. A good commercial penetrant should have a: a. Jow flash point b. high flash point cc. medium flash point 4: fash point is not a factor tobe considered 103. A material that is applied over the film of the ppenetrant on the surface of a part, mixes with the penetrant, and enables the penetrant to be washed off the surface is called: a, an emulsifier b. a penetrant c. a developer . an isomer B37 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 104, The time allowed for the penetrant to enter discontinuities that may be present is the: a. emulsification time . application time cc. dwell time . drain time Baz 105. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally considered to be the most sensitive? a. water washable ~ visible dye b. solvent removable — visible dye . water washable — fluorescent dye 4. postemulsifeation —Muorescent dye 106. The best choice of a developer for use on a very smooth surface when using a fluorescent penetrant would be: a. dry - fluffy ». dry — regular . wet 4. none of the above BOL 107. The purpose of an emulsifier is to: a, combine with the penetrant to make the resultant mixture removable by a water rinse b. assist the blotting action of the developer ¢. increase the penetration of the penetrant into fine discontinuities 4. eliminate false indications C312 108. Developer assists in the detection of visible liquid penetrant indications by: a. providing a clean surface b. providing a contrasting background . providing a dry surface 4. emulsifying the penetrant fying the pe cas 109. Liquid penetrant examination can detect all of the following types of discontinuities except: a. a forging lap b. a seam ©. a surface crack 4. subsurface porosity . C26 12 110. What is the most universally used ultraviolet light? a. incandescent lamps b. metallic carbon arcs . tubular BL fluorescent lamps ai enclosed mereury-vaporar¢ lamps | 111. Which of the following processes would be most sensitive to detecting very fine defects? oil-and-whiting process . water washable process . postemulsification process |. water emulsifiable visible dye penetrant 288 Proe 6-23 112, When using the postemulsification fluorescent process, which of the following methods cannot be used? a. dipping the part in the emulsifier b. spraying the part with emulsifier . pouring emulsifier over the part 4, brushing emulsifier on the part aon 113. Which of the following would be the most desirable center wavelength for the output of the light source used in fluorescent processes? a. 320om ». 365 nm c. 520m. . 565 nm. AT-12 114, Bleedout of penetrant from a cold shut is an ‘example of: a. a false indication b. a nonrelevant indication . a true indication d. none of the above C61 115. Liquid penetrants become sluggish at temperatures: a. above 38 °C (100 °F) . between 10 and 38 °C (50 and 100 °F) ¢. below 10 °C (50 °F) d. below 2t °C (70 5 Ww (70°F) ca 116. Why is it possible to flush a surface with a coarse water spray to which a water washable penetrant was applied, remove the excessive penetrant, and a. the liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because the penetrant has to be drawn. cout by the developer b, the nature of a water washable penetrant is such that water will not dissolve the penetrant; ithhas to push the penetrant off the surface, which is why a spray is used c. the water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect openings 4. a water spray should not be used; the penetrant should be removed by a cloth dampened with water peneww AGS 13 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Level I Answers Liquid Penetrant Testing Method uu. 12. 13, 14. 15, 16. 17. 18. 19. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. er ayaene A ee 31. a 6. ec 1. ob 32, d 62.0 a 92. 4 33. oc 6. od 93. ob 34. 0 a 64 d 94. 35. 65. 95. a 36. d 66. a 9. 4 37. b 67. a 97, od 38. a 68. oc 8. 39. 6%. dd 99. 6 40. 7. b 100. b 41d lM. ob lol. d 2b Ra 102, b 4B. B. oc 103. a 44.00 14a 104. ¢ 45. TB. 105. d 46. a 76. b 106. a a 7. Od 107. a 48. 0d B. 108. b 49. od 9. 4 109. d 50. d 80. d 0. d Slob 81. ¢ Ml oc 32.0 82. b 2,0 d 53. 83. od 13. b 54.0 84.0 a 4, oc 53. 8. us. oc 56.0 d 86. b 116. ¢ 57. ob 87. 38. 0d 88. oc 59. a 89. od 60. a 90. a 15 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level II Level I Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method ‘Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material ‘a good penetrant? a. viscosity ». surface tension c. wetting ability 4. no one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant BAO, 84-86 ‘The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent bby which of the following properties? a. density b, surface tension and wettability «. viscosity 4. capillary acti capillary action Bas Which of the statements concerning the operation of the ultraviolet light bulbs of the mercury arc type is false? a, the bulb takes about 5 min to warm up to its fall output when first tamed on b. the lamp may go out if the line voltage drops below 90 V c. line voltage variations above 120 V will have little or no effect on the bulb d. if for any reason the arc is extinguished, the bulb will not immediately respond if the lamp is tuned on right after it has been turned off. B237-238 Which of the items listed below is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant test method? a. the method cannot find discontinuities that are not opened to the surface b. the method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand c. the method is essentially simple in application d. there are few limitations on the size and shape of the article that can be treated by this method. BS Which of the statements below applies to the Tiguid penetrant method of testing? a. the penetrant test method is less flexible than the eddy current test method. . the penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle method for finding surface defects in ferromagnetic materials . the penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks 4. the penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect tinute surface discontinuities BS Which of the following types of discontinuities cannot be detected by the liquid penetrant test method? a. surface laminations b. intemal forging bursts c. surface cracks 4. surface laps Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level II 7. Which of the following types of discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast material? ‘a. fatigue crack b. stress corrosion crack ©. porosity 4, lack of penetration 8. Which of the following discontim classified as a finishing processing discontinuity? a. fatigue crack b. stress corrosion crack . Tamination 4, heat treat crack B27 9. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity? a. fatigue crack b. porosity . machining tear di " B.127 10. Which of the test part characteristics listed below are normally considered before the specific liquid penetrant test method is selected? a. the kind and size of discontinuities most likely to occur b. the intended application for the part c. the surface finish of the part 4. all of the above B10 11. Which of the following foreign matter might block the openings of discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is not properly cleaned? a. paint b. scale ¢. core and mold material 4. all of the above pai 18 12, 13. 4. 15, 16. All of the following methods are recommended to remove grease from the surface of a penetrant test specimen except: a. vapor degreasing b. alkaline cleaning c. cleaning with solvent type material 4. hot water rinsing B.I70 ‘The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be a: . dotted or smooth continuous line b. cluster of small indications €. rough deep indication d. large bulbous indication Dat ‘The penctrant indication of a forging lap will normally be a: a, round or nearly round indication ». cluster of indications . continuous line . dotted line B.129-130 ‘When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of: * a. fatigue cracks ». porosity c. weld laps . hot tears DAl Penetrant developer is commonly available in all Of the following forms except: a. dry developer bb. nonaqueous developer . wet developer d. high viscosity develo igh viscosity developer pas 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. ‘Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications? a. excessive washing ’. inadequate application of developers . penetrant or part too cold during penetration time 4. lint or dirt B.ASI-152 Developer assists in the detection of penetrants setained in discontinuities by aiding the: a. postcleaning process b. emulsification process c. bleedout process 4. dryin; drying process p39 Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test indications by: a. providing a clean surface ¢. providing a dry surface 4. emulsifying the penetra bleedout 4, When using postemulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by: a. reapplying a coating of emulsifier b. increasing the water pressure used during the ‘washing operation . completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by using a longer emulsifier time, if allowed I. dipping the in boiling water 4d. dipping the part iling B52, 53 Which of the following methods for applying. nonaqueous developer is normally considered the most effective? spraying b. swabbing . brushing 4. dipping 22. 25. Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level IT Of the methods listed below, the most effective ‘means of precleaning a test item to remove organic contaminants such as grease prior to a penetrant test is: a, vapor degreasing , detergent cleaning , hot water rinse 4. solvent wiping B.170 Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants respond most actively to radiant energy with a wavelength of approximately: a. 700 nm b. 250 kV c. 365 nm . 1 Kix (100 fte) B.36, 77 ‘When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant, there are several ways to remove excess penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results? a. squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 276 kPa (40 psi) pressure . wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry‘cloth . wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then ping with dry cloths iping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with dry cloth a. B66 Emulsifier time: a. is important but not normally critical b. is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier and ‘excess penetrant from the surface ¢. is extremely important and will greatly affect test results, 4. should be as long as economically practical Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level II 26. Prior to the penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning ‘methods listed below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities? a. etching b. shot pening c. alkaline cleaning 4d, water cleaning with detergents me me Dai 27. Why is the drying process used in penetrant testing? a. the drying process is used to ensure that all ‘excess penetrant will evaporate b. the drying process ensures the uniform drying of dry developer applied over a wet emulsifier «. the drying process reduces penetration time 4. after the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coati loper coating p30 28. Which of the following reasons best describes why excessive drying of a part should be avoided? a. the extra time required is wasted ». the developer may lose its blotting ability ¢. areduction in fluorescent brilliance may result . the excess developer may be difficult to remove Baz 29. Which of the following variables must be considered to use the time required for an indication to develop as a measure of the extent of the discontinuity? a. the type of penetrant and sensitivity of technique b. the type of discontinuity ¢. the temperature of the material being tested d. all of the above B.I38 31. 32. 33. ‘When using a fluorescent, postemulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is. allowed to remain on the partis critical when detecting shallow scratchlike discontinuities. The actual length of time should be: a. 10s b.5s c.2t03s d. determined by experimentation 'y experis 2s Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a penetrant test specimen is false? a. the contaminant may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant and reduces the fluorescence or color of the penetrant b. the contaminant may reduce or even prevent capillary action by the penetrant cc, the contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection d. the contaminant may completely fill the crack and thus prevent the entry of penetrant Pe wor Pe B37 ‘Water washable liquid penetrants differ from postemulsification penetrants in that water washable penetrants: a. can only be sed on aluminum test specimens . do not need to be removed from surfaces prior to development c. have a soapy base . do not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing Bas ‘The function of the emulsifier in the postemulsification penetrant method is to: a, more rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks b. react with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water washable ¢, add fluorescent dye or pigment to the penetrant 4. provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere B43, D.25 34, When penetrant testing for shallow

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