Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Civil Survey Training Manual by Eagle Po
Civil Survey Training Manual by Eagle Po
Software
Eagle Point Software™ and the Eagle Point Software logo are trademarks of Eagle Point
Software.
AutoCAD® is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc.
MicroStation® is a registered trademark of Bentley Systems, Inc.
Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
holders.
Copyright © Q3, 2001, by Eagle Point Software™. All rights reserved.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished
under a license agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms
of the agreement.
Eagle Point Software™ has carefully prepared this program package, including research,
development, and testing to ascertain its effectiveness and accuracy. However, no
warranty of any kind is made with respect to this program package or its related material
except as may be expressly stated in the licensing agreement or other contractual
document. In no event is Eagle Point Software™ to be liable for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance
or use of this program package.
CIVIL/SURVEY
TRAINING MANUAL TA B L E
OF
CONTENTS
1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Beginning the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Adding a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Settings Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Default CAD Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Plot Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Setting Node Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Current Symbols Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Adding a Field Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Table of Contents i
Manage and Manipulate Layer/Level Groups 32
Label Street Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Default CAD Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Setting Active Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Data Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Survey Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Collecting the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Adding a Survey Adjustment File . . . . . . . . . . 38
Selecting Adjustment Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Adding Traverse Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Adding Sideshot Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Adding Closing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Adjust Traverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Update the Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Drawing Control Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Defining a New Layer/Setting the Level . . . . . 46
Drawing Centerlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Defining Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Gathering Additional Shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Drawing Polar Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Freezing Layers and Turning Off Levels . . . . 50
Alignments and Right-of-Ways . . . . . . . . 50
Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Right-of-Way Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Setting Layer/Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Defining the Right-of-Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Clean Up Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Establishing the Subdivision Boundary . . 58
Setting Layer/Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Defining Draw Lines Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Placing Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Placing First Boundary Node . . . . . . . . . . 60
Placing the Second Boundary Node . . . . 61
Defining the Draw Lines Option . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Draw Boundary Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Defining the 3.2 Acre Sub-Division Park . . . . 64
Defining the First Parent Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Placing Richards Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Layers/Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Entry Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Alignment Traverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Right-of-Ways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Layers/Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Select Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5 Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Layer/Level Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Drafting Annotation Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
New Annotation Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Drafting Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Annotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Alignment Stationing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Multiple Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Lots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Spirals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Station-Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Create Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Coordinate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Arrowhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Bar Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Table of Contents v
Make Intermediate & Index . . . . . . . . . . 157
Make User-Defined Contours . . . . . . . . 158
Annotating Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Place Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Place Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Erase Existing Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Additional Menu Options . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Construct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Feature Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Digitize Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Join Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Join Broken Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Change Contour Elevation . . . . . . . . . . 166
Mask Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Change Masking Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Unmask All Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Show Masked Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Densify Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Weed Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Edit Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Delete Triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Change Point Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Change Triangle Elevation . . . . . . . . . . 168
Add Point to Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Insert Breakline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Switch Diagonal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Raise/Lower Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Place Grid Elevation Labels . . . . . . . . . 169
Place Shadow Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Place Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Place Breaklines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Place Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Place Void Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Preview Surface Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Printouts: Crossing Breaklines . . . . . . . 170
Surface Modeling File Types . . . . . . . . 171
7 Site Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Layer/Level Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Create Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Create Top of Berm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Table of Contents ix
on the Typical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Constructing in Cut Only Detail . . . . . . . 296
Mirror Typical Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Defining Typical Sections . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Verifying Typical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Typical Section Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
14 RoadCalc Dynamic Typical
Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Dynamic Typical Section Theory . . . . . 304
Associate Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Associate Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Associate Alignment and Profile . . . . . . . . . 307
Associating Alignments and Profiles . . . 309
Adding to the Slopes Library . . . . . . . . . 310
Creating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Design Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
15 RoadCalc Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Run Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Viewing Design Cross-Sections . . . . . . 326
Correcting Cross-Sections – Pin
Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Correcting Cross-Sections – CAD
Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Correcting Remaining
Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
16 RoadCalc Printouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Volumes Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Pavement Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Design Earthwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Station and Coordinates Report . . . . . . 336
Catchpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Elevation/Depth at Offsets . . . . . . . . . . 338
Cross-Section Staking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Table of Contents xi
xii Civil/Survey Training Manual
GETTING
STARTED CHAPTER
In this chapter:
Beginning the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Settings Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Setting Node Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Adding a Project
To add a project to the Open dialog box, complete the following steps:
1. Click on the Create New Project/Sub-Project icon on the Open dialog box.
Chapter 1: Getting
Started
Figure 1-2 New Dialog Box
8. Toggle on Description.
9. Type 3<1CCæ in the edit field.
The Project Filters dialog box provides a method to list only projects with specified
descriptions or drawings, or those linked to a specific sub-project. In this case, only
projects with the description beginning with CLASS are listed.
10. Click on OK to retain the setting.
The system displays the Eagle Point Open dialog box (Figure 1-1 on page 2).
11. Double click on the desired project or highlight the project description and click
on OK or press Enter.
Settings Options
Before we proceed with the project, we need to verify and/or change some project
settings.
Units
To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select System Æ Units.
The system displays the Units dialog box.
Chapter 1: Getting
3. Set the Input and Output drop lists to Degrees, Minutes, Seconds.
4. Select Degree of Curvature from the Category drop list.
Started
5. Set the Input/Output drop list to Arc Definition.
6. Type ! for the length of the Degree of Curvature (Arc).
7. Select Linear from the Category drop list.
Notice the unit of measurement we have established for this project.
8. Select Planimetric Area from the Category drop list.
9. Set the Input and Output drop lists to Square Feet.
10. Click on OK to retain the settings.
Formats
1. Select System Æ Formats.
The system displays the Formats dialog box.
Chapter 1: Getting
Default CAD Settings
Started
1. Select System Æ Default CAD Settings.
The system displays the Default CAD Settings dialog box.
This dialog box contains settings for the Layer/Level, Color, Linetype/Style, and Line
Width/Weight, as well as text properties for entities placed using Eagle Point. Each
command within the various products can have its own settings, which makes it
customizable.
2. Click on OK to retain the settings.
Plot Scales
1. Select Tools Æ Plot Scales.
The system displays the Plot Scales dialog box.
2. Click on the Attribute Styles button to view the different attributes styles that
are available.
The Attribute Styles Library dialog box displays.
Chapter 1: Getting
The system displays the Modify Attribute Style dialog box.
Started
Figure 1-12 Modify Attribute Style Dialog Box
Chapter 1: Getting
13. Select a point in your drawing.
14. Accept the default values when prompted by pressing Enter.
Started
15. Type J at the command prompt and press Enter.
16. Type 5 at the command prompt and press Enter.
17. Click on the Create Preview icon on the Node (Field Code) Library dialog box
(Figure 1-10 on page 8).
18. Select the block in your drawing.
19. Click on Close.
20. Erase the block within your CAD drawing.
If you are using MicroStation, follow the steps below:
21. Select Cells from the MicroStation Element pull-down menu.
22. Set SAP as the Placement Active Cell.
23. Close the Cell Library dialog box.
24. Click on the Place Active Cell icon.
25. Click in the Design file.
26. Click on the Fit View icon.
The system has now generated an image of the symbol that displays when the Node is
selected in the Node (Field Code) Library dialog box (Figure 1-10 on page 8).
Reduction Settings
We will access the Reduction Settings dialog box in order to specify the appropriate type
of data collector. To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Products Æ Data Collection.
2. Select Options Æ Reduction Settings.
The system displays the Reduction Settings dialog box.
Chapter 2: Data
9. Toggle off Draw 3-D Lines.
Collection
10. Click on Apply.
11. Click on the Shot Averaging tab.
12. Make sure that Use Shot Averaging is toggled off.
13. Click on OK.
Designators Settings
The Data Collection designators consist of various user-defined characters that are used
by the system to draw lines, arcs, and circles representing the features and topography of
a site. The field crew enters the characters when collecting data.
To define the designators, complete the following steps:
1. Select Options Æ Designators.
2. Click on OK.
Chapter 2: Data
Collection
Figure 2-3 Random Coding of Collected Data
The table below lists each shot in Figure 2-4 and the descriptions associated with the shot.
Chapter 2: Data
Shot 19 .R=
Collection
Shot 20 .R=
Shot 21 .R=
Shot 22 .R=
Shot 23 .R=
ï You must establish the cross-section description for the project before reducing the file.
For this example, R represents the cross-section pattern in the data collector. On the
Cross-Section Library dialog box, the name of the cross-section pattern is R, the Style
associated with the name is Zigzag, and the names of the lines we will collect are EPL,
CL, and EPR.
Integrating templates along with other methods of collecting data can save the surveyors
time out in the field. You may associate a series of approximated geometry (also known as
a template) with a single shot in the field. This may be used to automatically generate curb
and gutter sections, sidewalks, ditches, or any other existing feature that only needs to be
approximated. The points and lines for the remainder of the template are automatically
drawn into the CAD graphic based on the location of the original shot for each template.
This means that you only need to collect one shot in the field, where it would have
normally called for several to accurately depict the original ground conditions. The 3-D
Line Templates may be used by themselves or in conjunction with a cross-section pattern
to complete an entire survey project, such as a roadway, or to record components of a
project such as curbs, gutters, and sidewalks.
2. Click on the Line Libraries button on the Line Work dialog box.
The system displays the Line Libraries dialog box.
ï A Line Library has been created for the training class, so you only have to make it active.
3. Highlight Subdivision (Training Class)/MS Subdivision (Training Class).
4. Click on OK to close the Line Libraries dialog box.
Adding a Line
Now we will add a line to the Subdivision (Training Class)/MS Subdivision (Training Class)
Library we just activated by completing the following steps:
Chapter 2: Data
Collection
Figure 2-7 New Line Dialog Box
2. Click on the New Custom Line icon on the Custom Line Library dialog box.
Chapter 2: Data
Collection
Figure 2-10 Cross-Section Patterns Dialog Box
Chapter 2: Data
2. Type North Half of Subdivision in the Job Name edit field.
Collection
This file contains information collected using the cross-sectional method.
3. Select the DATASET1.TXT file from the C:\PROJECTS\EP\SUBDIV directory.
4. Select Sokkia SDR2X file from the Format drop list.
5. Click on Apply.
We have imported the DATASET1.TXT file into Data Collection. In order to import a
second file (DATASET2.TXT), repeat steps 2 through 5. However, this time, type
C_edXð8Q\Vð_VðCeRTYfYcY_^ as the Job Name for the new job and select
DATASET2.TXT from the C:\PROJECTS\EP\SUBDIV directory.
6. Click on the Cancel button to close the Import ASCII File dialog box.
Chapter 2: Data
Collection
Figure 2-15 Edit Instrument File Dialog Box
2. Select North Half of Subdivision from the Job Name drop list.
3. Select MS-DOS Editor from the Editor Name drop list.
4. Click on the Edit button in the Instrument File dialog box.
The system displays the MS-DOS Editor.
We will edit some descriptions and add some line codes to stop the lines that have
been drawn through the intersection at the top of the screen. Then, we will reduce the
file again.
Change the lines to reflect the following changes by completing the following steps:
5. Move the cursor to line 33.
The Editor displays the line number in the lower right-hand corner.
The existing information should look similar to the following:
(;9! "(&"" â!&!ð$)''â%" ð!!"â)'%ð5@âH!-âB?145475#
6. Insert an exclamation mark (!) between the equal sign (=) and .ROADEDGE3 at
the end of the line.
The exclamation mark (!) instructs the system to stop drawing the line. The edited line
should look similar to the following:
(;9! "(&"" â!&!ð$)''â%" ð!!"â)'%ð5@âH!-ïâB?145475#
7. Move the cursor to line 34.
The existing information should look similar to the following:
Chapter 2: Data
Collection
Figure 2-16 North Half of Subdivision
Each of these files is in ASCII format and can be modified using any text editor or word
processing program.
Chapter 3: COGO 31
Layer/Level Control
For the ease of working, we need to manage the layers/levels so that we can see the
appropriate line work.
Chapter 3: COGO
Layers Levels
MANHOLEPIPE$X 6
PNTCOORCONTROL 9
PNTDES 12
PNTDESCONTROL 53
PNTDESUTIL 54
PNTDESVEG 56
POWER_LINE$X 58
UTILITIES$X 63
Chapter 3: COGO 33
The system displays the Manipulate Layer/Level Group dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
14. Click on the PIC icon.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð?RZUSdc*
15. Graphically select the northern road edge of the smaller east/west alignment.
16. Click on Apply.
17. Click on Close.
18. Close the Drafting product.
Chapter 3: COGO 35
Setting Active Node
We need to make the Traverse Point Node active for importing the survey control points
with Data Transfer. To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Products Æ Data Transfer.
The system displays the Data Transfer menu bar.
2. Select Transfer Æ Settings.
The Transfer Settings dialog box displays.
Data Transfer
The next step is to bring additional Nodes into the drawing. The survey crew was sent
back out into the field for a location survey. They shot existing benchmarks and control
points, providing a coordinate data file containing the shots.
ï If you would prefer to import the adjusted coordinates instead of a raw data file, you will
need to import the file ADJSURV.TFR.
2. Select the SURVEY.TFR file for the File Name by clicking on the Select File To
Chapter 3: COGO
Import icon and browsing to C:\PROJECTS\EP\SUBDIV\SURVEY.TFR.
3. Select ABACUS SDC71 from the Format drop list.
ï Notice the Selected File field. This field displays the first two lines of the data file to ensure
compatibility with the format that is selected.
4. Click on OK to begin importing the raw data.
5. Click on Close on the Report Warnings dialog box to close the dialog box.
6. Close the Data Transfer product.
Survey Adjustment
Chapter 3: COGO 37
are represented by Node numbers 503 and 504. Then they shot another lot corner as
shown by Node 505. Node 506 represents the closing point that connects to the beginning
point. The angle was turned from the closing Node (506). The backsight Node is 505 and
the foresight Node is 499.
There were two sideshots from Node 502: the centerline intersection at Node 507 and the
lot corner at Node 508.
Refer to the figure below for a graphic illustration.
3. Click on the New Survey Adjustment File icon to add a new file.
The New Survey Adjustment File dialog box displays.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-9 New Survey Adjustment File Dialog Box
Chapter 3: COGO 39
The system displays the Survey Adjustment Settings dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-12 New Traverse Node Dialog Box
3. Type % in the Beginning Node ID edit field and press the Tab key twice.
4. Set Backsight Define By to Node.
5. Type $)) in the Backsight Node ID edit field and press Enter.
6. Set the Traverse Node Selection Method to Range.
7. Type % ! in the From Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
8. Type % & in the To Node ID edit field and press Enter.
9. Click on Close on the New Traverse Node dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO 41
Adding Sideshot Data
1. Highlight the line containing Node number 502 with a type of OS in the Entry By
Nodes dialog box (Figure 3-11 on page 41).
2. Click on the New Traverse/Sideshot Node icon.
The New Traverse Nodes dialog box displays (Figure 3-12 on page 41).
3. Click on the Sideshot Node icon in the lower left corner of the New Traverse
Node dialog box.
The New Sideshot Nodes dialog box displays.
Chapter 3: COGO
2. Click on the Closing Data button on the Closing Information dialog box.
The system displays the Closing Data dialog box.
3. Type % in the Closing Point Node ID edit field and press the Tab key twice.
4. Set Closing Orientation Foresight to Node.
5. Type $)) in the Closing Orientation Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
6. Set Closing Angle Type to Angle Right.
7. Type !( â"(#! in the Angle edit field.
Chapter 3: COGO 43
8. Click on OK to retain the settings.
9. Click on Close on the Closing Information dialog box (Figure 3-14 on page 43).
10. Click on Close on the Entry By Nodes dialog box (Figure 3-11 on page 41).
Adjust Traverse
To adjust the selected traverse, complete the following steps:
1. Select Compute Æ Adjustment.
The system displays the Adjustment dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
The system displays the Construct Through Nodes dialog box.
5. Type $)) in the Start of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
6. Type % in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
The system draws a line from Node 499 to 500.
7. Type % % in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
The system draws the line from Node 500 to Node 505.
8. Toggle on Range.
9. Type % " in the End of Line Node ID edit field and click on the Apply button.
Chapter 3: COGO 45
The system draws a line connecting Nodes 502, 503, 504, and 505.
ï Notice that the range option handles descending ranges as well as ascending ranges.
Now we need to connect the lower lot corners from Node 508 to Node 505.
10. Toggle off Range.
11. Type % % in the Start of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
12. Type % ( in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
A line is drawn from Node 505 to 508, as shown in the figure below.
13. Click on Close to end the command.
Drawing Centerlines
Now we need to draw the centerlines for the existing streets. To accomplish this task,
complete the following steps:
1. Select Construct Æ Through Nodes.
The Construct Through Nodes dialog box (Figure 3-17 on page 45) displays.
2. Type % in the Start of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
3. Type % ! in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
4. Type % ' in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
5. Type % " in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
6. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 3: COGO
Defining Settings
So far we have been working with the Nodes imported using Data Transfer. In this section
we will be defining the Node input options to control the placement of Nodes and
determine which parameters will be displayed when a Node is placed. To define the Node
input options, complete the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Entry Options.
The system displays the Entry Options dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO 47
3. Type % ) in the Node ID edit field.
4. Set Elevation to Constant.
5. Type in the Elevation Value edit field.
6. Set Field Code to SAP Traverse Point.
7. Set Description to Default Description.
8. Type C`Y[U in the Description Value edit field.
9. Click on OK to retain the settings.
2. Click on the Next button on the Settings page of this dialog box. We will not
change any of the settings at this time.
3. Type % ! in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
The system updates the coordinates for Node 501.
Chapter 3: COGO
4. Click on the Next button.
5. Set Options to Backsight By Direction Point.
6. Type % " in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
7. Type &)â%$#$ in the Angle Turned edit field.
8. Set Angle Turned Type to Angle Left.
9. Click on the Next button.
10. Type # $â"( in the Distance edit field and press the Tab key.
11. Click on the Next button.
The defaults for the Node should be as follows:
Option Value
Node ID 509
Elevation 0.00000000
Description Spike
Chapter 3: COGO 49
The system places the Node 509 with the field code SAP and a description of Spike in
the drawing.
13. Click on Close to end the command.
Alignments
In this portion of the lesson, we will join the centerline that was just drawn to the original
centerline between Node 500 and Node 501. This will create a single alignment for
Gardner Boulevard that can be offset for the street right-of-ways.
To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Layout Æ Convert Objects to Alignments.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð?RZUSdc*
Chapter 3: COGO
3. Right click when you have finished selecting the centerline.
You are prompted:
@YS[ðQð`_Y^dð^UQbðdXUðRUWY^^Y^Wð_VðdXUðQ\YW^]U^d*
4. Graphically select a point on the centerline between Nodes 500 and 501. The
point selected should be closer to Node 500 (see Figure 3-20 on page 48).
5. Type 7QbT^Ubð2_e\UfQbT in the Alignment edit field.
6. Accept 0+00.00 for the Beginning Station.
7. Click on Apply.
The system converts the two segments into an alignment and places the alignment on
the Alignment layer.
Right-of-Way Lines
The next step is to lay out the right-of-way lines for the existing streets. The first thing to do
is set up a layer for the right-of-way lines and set the current layer/active level.
Chapter 3: COGO 51
Setting Layer/Level
To define a new layer and set the current layer/active level, complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Click on the New button.
3. Type B?G in the Layer edit field and press Enter.
4. Click on the Color button.
5. Set the color to green and click on OK.
6. Click on the Current button to set the ROW layer as the current layer.
7. Click on OK.
If you are using MicroStation:
1. Make Level 14 the active level.
2. Set the Color to green.
2. Click on the PIC icon and graphically select the alignment Gardner Boulevard
that was just converted.
This is the centerline from Node 500 to 509.
3. Set Offset to Both.
4. Type # in the Distance edit field.
5. Click on Apply.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-24 Right-of-Ways
Clean Up Intersections
Now we will clean up the intersections and place some curved returns for the right-of-
ways. To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Layout Æ Road Intersection.
Chapter 3: COGO 53
The system displays the Layout Road Intersection dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-26 Selection of ROW Lines
Chapter 3: COGO 55
6. Continue to select the segments to be removed each time the system displays
the message in step 4. After selecting all segments, right click.
7. Click on Next.
8. To place 15.00’ radius curves at all of the returns, type !% in the Fillet Radius
edit field.
9. Click on the PIC icon.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
10. Select the northern right-of-way line for Fisher Street. See the figure below for
the order in which to pick the right-of-way lines.
Chapter 3: COGO
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
20. Select the westerly right-of-way line on Nelson Avenue.
21. Click on Apply.
The system draws the curve, trims the right-of-way lines, and places the Nodes for the
PC (point of curvature), RP (radius point of the curve), and the PT (point of tangency).
Nodes 516, 517, and 518 will be placed.
22. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 3: COGO 57
See the figure below for the results of the Road Intersection command.
Setting Layer/Level
To create the Boundary layer and set the current layer/active level, complete the following
steps:
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Click on the New button.
3. Type 2?E>41BI in the Layer edit field and press Enter.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-29 Toggles Dialog Box
Chapter 3: COGO 59
Placing Nodes
You are now ready to place the boundary Nodes, which will be Nodes 519 and 520 as
shown in the figure below.
Chapter 3: COGO
press the Tab key.
This updates the coordinates in the Northing and Easting fields.
12. Click on the Next button.
13. Set the Options drop list for the second direction to Direction Point.
This option is being used because you will use Node 508 to establish the direction of
the second line.
14. Type % ( in the Node ID field and press the Tab key.
15. Click on the Next Button.
16. Do not offset the direction of the second line to one side or the other. Click on
the Next button to accept the default offset of 0.00000000.
17. Type 2_e^TQbi for the Description and click on Apply.
18. Click on Apply to place Node 519.
19. Click on Close.
Chapter 3: COGO 61
lines, the west and south boundary lines of Lot 3, will equal 3.20 acres. The first step is to
establish a Node on the south boundary line of Lot 3 that is 300.00 feet east of the west
boundary line of Lot 3. To accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Intersect Æ Direction-Distance.
The system displays the Intersect Direction-Distance dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-33 Intersect Direction-Distance Dialog Box – Place Nodes
Chapter 3: COGO 63
Draw Boundary Line
The next step is to draw the boundary line from the centerline intersection of Nelson
Avenue and Fisher Street to the south boundary line of Lot 3. To accomplish this task,
complete the following steps:
1. Select Construct Æ Through Nodes.
The Construct Through Nodes dialog box (Figure 3-17 on page 45) displays.
2. Type % ' in the Start of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
3. Type %!) in the End of Line Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
4. Click on the Close button to end the command.
Chapter 3: COGO
4. Click on the Next button.
5. Set the Options drop list for the direction from the first base point to Direction
Point.
6. Type % in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
7. Click on the Next button.
8. Type %" in the Node ID edit field for the second base point and press the Tab
key.
9. Click on the Next button.
10. Set the Options drop list for the direction from the second base point to Two
Points.
11. Type % % in the First Point Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
12. Type % in the Second Point Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
13. Click on the Next button.
Next we need to define the area (in square feet) to be placed. The equivalent of 3.20
acres in square feet is 139392.
14. Type !#)#)" in the Area edit field and click on Apply.
The system draws the lines on all four sides of the calculated trapezoid. We are now
ready to place the Nodes on the calculated lines of the trapezoid.
15. Click on OK to accept the default Node numbers of 521 and 522.
Chapter 3: COGO 65
The system places Nodes 521 and 522. See Figure 3-34 on page 64 for the location
of these Nodes.
16. Click on Close to finish creating trapezoidal areas.
Chapter 3: COGO
6. Click on the Apply button to accept the area for the lot.
The system displays the Convert to Lot dialog box (Figure 3-36 on page 66), allowing
you to name the lot.
7. Type DbQSdð>_âð#!$$$ in the Lot Name edit field and press the Tab key.
8. Type @_bdY_^ð_Vð<_dð#äð4QfYUcµð1TTYdY_^ in the Lot Description edit field
and press the Tab key.
9. Type )(ã#!$$$ã#ðin the Lot ID edit field.
10. Type 4QfYUc in the Lot Owner edit field.
There is no Parent Lot available because this is the first lot established.
11. Click on Apply to create the lot.
12. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 3: COGO 67
street, we will use the Alignment Traverse command from the Survey menu (see the figure
below).
Layers/Levels
Before we place the centerline, we need to change the current layer/active level.
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Highlight the layer ROADCL and freeze it.
3. Highlight the layer name CENTERLINE and set it to the current layer.
4. Click on OK to retain the settings.
If you are using MicroStation:
1. Make Level 1 the active level.
2. Set the Color to red.
Entry Options
We will set COGO so that it automatically inserts the correct descriptions for the Nodes
that represent the radius points, points of tangency, and points of intersection along curve
segments. To do so, proceed through the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Entry Options.
The Entry Options dialog box (Figure 3-19 on page 47) displays.
Alignment Traverse
Now we are ready to construct the Richards Court alignment using the Alignment Traverse
command in COGO. This alignment will start from Node 507 at the intersection of Fisher
Street and Nelson Avenue. To place the alignment, complete the following steps:
1. Select Survey Æ Alignment Traverse.
The system displays the Alignment Traverse – Enter Settings dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-39 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Settings
2. Select Place Nodes and Objects from the Toggles drop list and click on the Next
button.
Chapter 3: COGO 69
The system displays the Alignment Traverse – Enter Alignment Name and Station
Equations dialog box.
Figure 3-40 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Alignment Name and Station
Equations
3. Type BYSXQbTµcð3_ebdðin the Alignment Name edit field and press the Tab key
twice.
4. Type å ðin the Beginning Station edit field and click on the Next button.
5. Type % ' in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
6. Click on the Next button.
The system displays the Alignment Traverse – Place Starting Alignment Traverse
Node dialog box.
Figure 3-41 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Place Starting Alignment Traverse
Node
Figure 3-42 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Parameters and Draw Tangent
Chapter 3: COGO
Figure 3-43 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Alignment Tangent Direction
Chapter 3: COGO 71
16. Type ! in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
17. Make sure PC is the Description and click on OK to place the Node.
We will continue the alignment with a curve section that bends to the right using a
standard radius value.
18. Click on the Draw Circular Curve icon in the lower left corner of the dialog box.
The system displays the Alignment Traverse – Enter Parameters and Draw Curve
dialog box. Notice the tangent direction coming into the curve is displayed at the top of
the dialog box.
Figure 3-44 Alignment Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Parameters and Draw Curve
19. Type !% in the Radius edit field and press the Tab key.
20. Click on the Direction icon with the blue arrow so that the direction of the curve
shows Clockwise.
21. Type !$)â$''" in the Tangent Length edit field and press the Tab key.
22. Click on the Apply button to place the curve leg.
23. Type " in the Radius Point edit field and press the Tab key.
24. Type # in the Point of Tangency edit field and press the Tab key.
25. Type $ in the Point of Intersection edit field and press the Tab key.
26. Click on OK to place the Nodes.
27. Click on the Draw Tangent icon in the lower left corner of the dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO
41. Type ! å)!â!" in the Station of Next Point edit field and click on Apply.
42. Type ) in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
43. Type B@ in the Description edit field and click on OK to place the Node.
44. Click on Close to end the alignment.
Right-of-Ways
We will place the right-of-way lines for Richards Court in this portion of the lesson. The
total width will be 50 feet, 25 feet on each side of the centerline. Before we begin, we need
to change the current layer/active level to ROW/14.
Layers/Levels
If you are using AutoCAD, make ROW the current layer.
If you are using MicroStation, make Level 14 the active level and set the Color to green.
Select Alignment
Now that we have changed the current layer, we will place the right-of-way lines for
Richards Court. To accomplish this, complete the following steps:
Chapter 3: COGO 73
1. Select Construct Æ Offset.
The system displays the Construct Offset dialog box (Figure 3-23 on page 52).
2. Click on the Defined Alignments button.
3. Highlight Richard’s Court and click on OK.
4. Set Offset to Both.
5. Type "% in the Distance edit field.
6. Click on Apply.
The system places the right-of-way lines.
7. Click on Close to end the command.
Clean up Intersections
Now we will clean up the intersections and place a curved return at the intersection of
Richards Court and Nelson Avenue. To accomplish these tasks, complete the following
steps:
1. Place a window around the intersection of Nelson Avenue and Fisher Street as
shown in the figure below by using the Zoom Window/Window Area command.
Chapter 3: COGO
Place Node with Command Line COGO at Right-of-Way
Intersection
We will locate a Node at the endpoint of the southern right-of-way of Richards Court. This
will establish the corner lot for Lot 1. Instead of using the Place Nodes dialog boxes, we
will use the Command Line COGO for this command. To accomplish this task, complete
the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Launch Command Line.
The system displays the COGO Command Line dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO 75
5. Set the OSNAP to ENDPOINT and graphically select the south right-of-way line
on Richards Court.
This places the correct Northing in the Northing edit field.
6. Press Enter.
The correct Easting is placed in the Easting edit field.
7. Press Enter to accept it.
8. Press Enter again to accept the default elevation of 0.00000000.
9. Type !# in the New Node ID edit field and press Enter.
10. Press Enter again to accept the default Field Code of SAP.
11. Type <_dð3_b^Ubðin the Node Description edit field and press Enter.
The Node is placed in the drawing.
12. Click on Close to close Command Line COGO.
The final intersection is shown in the figure below.
Placing Cul-de-Sac
Now we are ready to place the cul-de-sac at the end of Richards Court. To accomplish this
task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Tools Æ Capture Scene.
The Capture Scene dialog box (Figure 2-17 on page 29) displays.
2. Highlight North Half and click on the Restore button.
3. If you are using MicroStation, click in the design file to set the view.
The system changes the view to the saved view.
4. Click on the Close button.
5. Select Layout Æ Cul-de-sacs Æ Bulb.
Chapter 3: COGO
This defines the radius of the bulb portion of the cul-de-sac.
10. Click on the Next button.
The system draws a circle centered on Node 9 using the radius specified.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
11. Graphically select the south (lower) right-of-way line.
12. Click on the Next button.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
13. Graphically select the north (upper) right-of-way line.
14. Click on the Next button.
The system trims the circle between the right-of-way lines.
15. We will not place a tangent distance between the entrance radius and the bulb
cul-de-sac. Click on the Next button to accept the tangent distance of 0.00.
16. Type % in the Distance edit field for the first fillet radius and press the Tab key.
17. Click on the Next button.
The system draws a 50-foot radius curve.
Chapter 3: COGO 77
18. Toggle off Point of Intersection.
19. Click on the Fillet Node Options button.
This allows us to change Node parameters such as Node descriptions.
20. Select Point of Curvature (PC) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
21. Type @3 in the Description edit field.
22. Select Radius Point (RP) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
23. Type B@ in the Description edit field.
24. Select Point of Tangency (PT) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
25. Type @B3 in the Description edit field.
26. Click on OK to retain the settings.
27. Click on Apply to place the fillet Nodes.
The system places the fillet Nodes.
28. Click on the Next button.
29. We will not place a tangent distance between the bulb cul-de-sac and the
entrance radius. Click on the Next button to accept the tangent distance of 0.00.
30. Type % in the Distance edit field for the second fillet radius and press the Tab
key.
31. Click on the Next button.
The system draws a 50-foot radius curve and trims the right-of-way lines.
32. Toggle off Point of Intersection.
33. Click on the Fillet Node Options button.
This allows us to change Node parameters such as Node descriptions.
34. Select Point of Curvature (PC) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
35. Type @B3 in the Description edit field.
36. Select Radius Point (RP) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
37. Type B@ in the Description edit field.
38. Select Point of Tangency (PT) from the Nodes to Place drop list.
39. Type @D in the Description edit field.
40. Click on OK to retain the settings.
41. Click on Apply to place the fillet Nodes.
42. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 3: COGO
Placing Nodes
Now that we have created the entire boundary, we need to complete the following steps in
order to place the Nodes.
1. Set the Osnap/Snap mode to Endpoint/Keypoint.
2. Select Nodes Æ Place Nodes.
3. Click on the Next button to accept the settings.
The system displays the Place Nodes – Place Node ID dialog box.
Chapter 3: COGO 79
4. Verify that Node ID is set to 20.
5. Type <_dð3_b^Ub in the Description edit field.
6. Click in the Northing edit field and click on the PIC icon.
You are prompted:
CU\USdðQð`_Y^d*
7. Pick the left endpoint of the south right-of-way line for Gardner Boulevard. This
will be Node 20. Then place Nodes at the curve endpoints for the right-of-way
along Richards Court, starting at the northwest end. Continue to place Nodes
on the endpoints going clockwise, as shown in Figure 3-51 on page 80. The
endpoint Nodes will be Nodes 21 through 28. Right click to end the object
selection.
Chapter 4: COGO 81
Lots
Now we are ready to create the lots for the subdivision. First, we will make the Lots layer/
Level 3 current/active. To do so, complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD, make LOTS the current layer.
If you are using MicroStation, make Level 3 the active level and set the Color to yellow.
Creating Lots
Now we are ready to create a lot that encompasses the net area that is to be developed
into lots. One parent lot was created by the boundary we called Tract No. 31444. We will
use the same steps we used for the parent lot to create all of the lots. To accomplish this
task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Layout Æ Convert to Lot.
The Convert to Lot dialog box (Figure 3-36 on page 66) displays.
2. Turn on Eagle Point Boundary.
3. Click on the PIC icon.
4. Graphically select a point below the south right-of-way line of Gardner
Boulevard and above the north right-of-way line of Richards Court as shown in
the figure below.
6. Type >Udð1bUQð2\_S[ in the Lot Name edit field and press the Tab key.
7. Type 1bUQð3_^dQY^Y^Wð<_dc in the Lot Description edit field and press the
Tab key.
8. Typeð)(ã#!$$%ã in the Lot ID edit field and press the Tab key.
9. Type 4QfYUc in the Lot Owner edit field and press the Tab key.
10. Select Tract No. 31444 from the Parent Name drop list.
The selected Parent Name is then associated with the Lot Name defined in step 6.
11. Click on Apply to create the lot.
12. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 4: COGO
Chapter 4: COGO 83
Subdividing Property
Now we will subdivide the property into 28 lots with a minimum area of 1/3 acre or 14,520
square feet. The planning section has prepared a tentative map illustrating the proposed
subdivision layout as shown in the figure below.
Because the layout of the lots is to be used for plan purposes, we are not going to assign
elevations to the lot corners. After topographic survey data is collected, we can go back
and assign elevations to the lot corners.
We will change the Node Placement Options so the system displays the desired Node ID,
Elevation, Description, and Field Code. To access the Nodes Placement Options,
complete the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Entry Options.
The Entry Options dialog box (Figure 3-19 on page 47) displays.
2. Toggle off Start Procedural Commands With Settings Dialog Box on the
Defaults tab.
This prevents the Settings dialog box from displaying.
3. Click on the Node Placement tab.
4. Type % in the Node ID edit field for the Use Next Node ID.
5. Set Elevation to Constant and type a value of â .
6. Set the Field Code default to SAP Traverse Point.
7. Set Description to Use Command Default and type a value of <_dð3_b^Ub.
8. Click on OK to retain the settings.
Chapter 4: COGO
12. Type %!( in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key to define the direction
point.
13. Click on the Next button.
14. Type in the Distance edit field for the offset.
15. Click on the Next button.
16. Click on Apply to accept the default Node ID (50) to place at the intersection
point.
The system draws a line from Node 23 to the newly placed Node 50 and from Node
10 to the newly placed Node 50.
17. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 4: COGO 85
Placing Node on Northwest Corner
Now we will place the northwest corner of Lot 19 at 117 feet from Node 50. To accomplish
this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Nodes Æ Place Along Object.
The system displays the Place Nodes Along Object dialog box.
Chapter 4: COGO
Figure 4-5 Placing Additional Nodes
Chapter 4: COGO 87
This starts the Intersect Direction-Direction command.
4. Type %! in the First Point edit field and press Enter.
5. Type ``% !ã% ' in the Horizontal Direction edit field and press Enter.
The pp tells the system that we are defining the horizontal direction by two points. The
two points that are defining our direction are Nodes 501 and 507.
6. Type in the Offset edit field and press Enter.
This is defines the Offset distance from the direction line as 0.
7. Type %!& in the Second Point edit field and press Enter.
8. Type T`" in the Horizontal Direction edit field and press Enter.
The dp tells the system that we are defining the horizontal direction by a direction
point. The direction point is Node 20.
9. Type in the Offset edit field and press Enter.
10. Press the Enter key four times to accept the default Elevation (0), New Node ID
(53), Field Code (SAP), and Node Description.
11. Type T\^ at the COGO command line and press Enter.
This toggles on the Draw Lines and Nodes setting.
12. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 4: COGO
Figure 4-6 Resulting Lots
Chapter 4: COGO 89
6. Click on the Next button.
7. Type )% in the Distance edit field for the horizontal distance.
8. Click on the Next button.
9. Click on Apply to place the default Node ID (62).
The system draws the line and places the Node.
10. Click on the Repeat button to reissue the command.
11. Type %# in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
12. Click on the Next button.
13. Type &! in the Node ID edit field for the direction point and press the Tab key.
14. Click on the Next button.
15. Type )% in the Distance edit field for the horizontal distance.
16. Click on the Next button.
17. Click on Apply to place the default Node ID (63).
The system draws the line and places the Node.
18. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 4: COGO
Before we proceed any further, we need to define the draw line options. To accomplish this
task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Toggles.
2. Select Place Nodes from the Toggles drop list.
3. Click on OK to retain the settings.
Chapter 4: COGO 91
The system displays the Boundary Traverse dialog box.
2. Click on the Back button to display the procedural commands with settings
dialog box for the Boundary Traverse command.
This is where the batch file will be set up.
3. Click on the Batch Processing button.
The system displays the Batch Processing dialog box.
4. Click on the New Batch File icon to add a new batch file.
5. Type 6b_^dð<_dð<Y^Uð"%ã"( in the Description edit field and click on OK.
The system adds the batch file to the list box on the Batch Processing dialog box.
Figure 4-10 Boundary Traverse Dialog Box – Enter Parameters and Draw Tangent
Chapter 4: COGO
18. Click on Apply to place the next tangent segment.
19. Click on OK to accept the default Node ID (68).
20. Click on Apply to place the next tangent segment.
21. Click on OK to accept the default Node ID (69).
22. Click on Close to end the command.
Batch Edit
The front lot corner distances were calculated incorrectly. Instead of having a distance of
165 feet for each lot, they should be 158 feet. We will edit the batch file to modify the
distance, and then play back the changes. To accomplish this, complete the following
steps:
1. Select Survey Æ Edit Batch File.
Chapter 4: COGO 93
The system displays the Edit Batch File dialog box.
2. Select Front Lot Line 25-28 from the Batch File drop list.
3. Click on the Edit button.
The system displays the Field Book Editor.
The batch file has been converted into the SDMS format and is displayed in the Field
Book Editor. The data tag HD is the horizontal distance. We need to change all of the
HD values from 165 to 158.
4. Select Edit Æ Find & Replace.
Chapter 4: COGO
Now we will place Node 70 along the line between Nodes 26 and 28. We are also going to
place Nodes around the curve on the right right-of-way line on Richards Court. In order to
do this, we need to make the ROW layer/Level 14 current/active and freeze/turn off the
LOTS layer/Level 3. To accomplish these tasks, complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD, make ROW the current layer and freeze the LOTS layer.
If you are using MicroStation, make Level 14 the active level and turn off Level 3.
1. Select Nodes Æ Place Along Object.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
2. Graphically select the line connecting Nodes 22 and 23. Select the line by
clicking close to Node 23 (see Pick Point 1 on Figure 4-14 on page 96).
The Place Nodes Along Object dialog box (Figure 4-4 on page 86) displays.
Chapter 4: COGO 95
3. Click on the Next button.
4. Turn on Distance.
5. Type !"% in the Horizontal Distance edit field.
6. Click on the Next button.
7. Click on Apply to accept the default Node ID (70).
Now we will place Nodes 71-75 along the line between Nodes 21 and 22. To accomplish
this task, complete the following steps:
1. Click on the Repeat button on the Place Nodes Along Objects dialog box.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc*
2. Graphically select the arc connecting Node 21 and 22 closer to Node 22 (see
Pick Point 2 on the figure above).
3. Click on the Next button.
4. Turn on Divide.
5. Type $ in the Number of Segments edit field.
6. Click on the Next button.
7. Toggle on Apply Place All Nodes.
8. Click on Apply to accept the default Node IDs (71, 72, 73, 74, and 75).
The system divides the curve into four equal segments with the Nodes placed at the
division points (see Figure 4-15 on page 97).
Chapter 4: COGO
3. Click on the Back button so that we can turn the Batch Recording Off.
4. Click on the Batch Processing button.
5. Toggle off Batch Record.
Chapter 4: COGO 97
6. Click on Close.
7. Click on the Next button.
8. Highlight Richard’s Court from the list and click on the Next button.
9. Type !)% in the Station edit field and press the Tab key.
10. Type ã"% in the Offset edit field and press the Tab key.
11. Click on Apply to accept the default Node ID (76).
12. Click on Close to end the command.
The result should look like the figure below.
Chapter 4: COGO
8. Click on the Next button.
The system displays the Erase Nodes dialog box.
9. Click on Apply.
The Nodes have been erased from the drawing and the Node list.
10. Click on Close.
Now the Nodes 72, 73, and 74 will have to be renumbered.
1. Select Nodes Æ Renumber/Rename.
Chapter 4: COGO 99
The first Renumber/Rename Nodes dialog box displays, allowing us to create a
selection set of Nodes to act upon, which in this case will be to renumber the Nodes.
We will start by selecting the range of Nodes from 71 to 75.
2. Type '& in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
3. Type '$ in the New Node ID edit field.
4. Click on the Apply button.
5. Click on the Close button.
Chapter 4: COGO
We can play the batch file to insert the Nodes and line work into this project. To play the
batch file, complete the following steps:
1. Select Settings Æ Launch Command Line COGO.
The system displays the COGO Command Line dialog box (Figure 3-46 on page 75).
2. Click on the Manage Command Line Batch Files icon.
Node IDs
59 71
63 72
Chapter 4: COGO
64 73
65 21
19 66
66 69
65 68
64 67
61 63
13 519
51 52
6. After connecting all Nodes listed in the table, click on Close to end the
command.
5. Click on Apply.
6. Type ! in the Lot Name edit field.
7. Type <_dð!ð_VðDbQSdð>_âð#!$$$ in the Lot Description edit field.
8. Select NET AREA BLOCK from the Parent Name drop list.
9. Click on Apply.
10. Click on the Repeat button to define additional lots.
11. Click on the PIC icon and graphically select a point inside Lot 2, as shown in the
figure above.
12. Click on Apply.
13. Type " in the Lot Name edit field.
Chapter 4: COGO
5. Press Enter to end the selection process.
6. Graphically select a point inside the desired lot.
The system highlights the single boundary located.
The remaining steps are the same as those explained in Establishing Individual Lots
on page 104.
If you want to change any of the items for a lot such as the lot name, parent lot, or lot
description, use the Modify Lot command in the Layout menu.
2. Click on the New Lot Group icon (near the upper left corner of the dialog box).
The system displays the New Lot Group dialog box.
3. Type 1\\ð<_dc in the Lot Group Name edit field and press the Tab key.
4. Type <?DCð!ã"(ðQ^Tð>5Dð2<?3; in the Description edit field.
5. Click on OK.
6. Click on the New Lot icon (bottom left corner of the dialog box).
The system displays the Defined Lots dialog box.
Chapter 4: COGO
Figure 4-26 Create Lot Report Dialog Box
You can print any of the lots listed in the Lot Report. This enables you to create a
condensed report quickly.
5. Toggle on Print for Name and Acres.
6. Toggle on the Save Settings as Default option to save your settings.
This keeps any customization that you have done.
7. Click on the Print button to generate the report.
The report will either be sent to your printer or to a file, depending on what you have
set in your Eagle Point Print Setup. You can set this by selecting File Æ Print Setup
from the Eagle Point menu bar.
8. Click on Close to end the command.
The Angle, Distance, Coordinates, and Closure settings are used to control the
precision. These settings reflect precision only for mapchecks. The Angle and
Distance settings affect how the traverses are rounded and will have an effect on the
error of closures. The Coordinates and Closure settings only affect the appearance of
the mapcheck reports.
The Run Traverses Through Radius Points option is used to traverse curves from the
PC to the radius point and then to the PT of a curve.
Chapter 4: COGO
The Run Traverses Along Chords option is used to traverse curves directly from the
PC to the PT of the curve, creating a chord between them.
3. Set Angle to Nearest Second.
4. Set Distance to ".
5. Set Coordinates to $.
6. Set Closure to #.
7. Toggle on Run Traverses Through Radius Points.
8. Click on OK to retain the settings.
The Create Mapcheck Reports dialog box has the same two methods to select the lots
as the Lot Report dialog box: Select Lot Group and Select Lots.
2. Click on the Select Lots button to display the Defined Lots dialog box.
3. Highlight Lot 1 and click on OK to accept the selected lot.
The system runs a mapcheck on the lot based on the mapcheck settings and displays
the results in the list box of the Create Mapcheck Report dialog box.
Clicking on the Mapcheck Settings button allows you to customize the mapcheck
report. You can change the information to display, how it is labeled, and the order in
which the information is listed.
4. Click on Close to end the command.
Chapter 4: COGO
3. Click on the PIC icon to graphically select the centerline of Fisher Street near
the intersection with Nelson Avenue, as shown in the figure below.
The Place Nodes by Station/Offset dialog box (Figure 4-16 on page 97) displays.
The system will display that a CAD object was selected for the alignment.
Warehouse Road
Now we are ready to enter the alignment using traverse data. To accomplish this task,
complete the following steps:
1. Select Survey Æ Alignment Traverse.
The Alignment Traverse dialog box (Figure 3-39 on page 69) displays.
2. Type GQbUX_ecUðB_QT in the Alignment Name edit field.
3. The Beginning Station will be 0+00, so click on the Next button.
4. Type ! in the Node ID edit field for the alignment traverse start point and
press the Tab key.
5. Click on the Next button.
Since there is already a Node at the starting point, you click on the Next button so that
another Node is not placed at the starting location.
6. We will define the tangent direction by using a backsight to a known location
and turning an angle. Click on the Direction Options button to select this option.
7. Set the Options drop list for the alignment tangent direction to Backsight By
Direction Point.
8. Type % " in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
9. Type ) in the Angle Turned edit field and press the Tab key.
10. Set Angle Turned to Angle Left to the next traverse point.
11. Click on OK to retain the settings.
12. Type !% in the Station of Next Point edit field and press the Tab key.
13. Click on Apply.
14. Click on OK to accept the default Node ID (101).
15. Click on the Draw Circular Curve icon.
16. Type " in the Radius edit field and press the Tab key.
17. Check that the Curve direction is set to Clockwise.
Chapter 4: COGO
Figure 4-31 Locating Centerline off Fischer Street
Establishing Right-of-Way
With the alignment now in place, we will offset it 25 feet to the left and 35 feet to the right.
First we need to make the ROW layer/Level 14 current/active and then use the Construct
Offset command. To accomplish these tasks, complete the following steps:
1. Make ROW/Level 14 the current layer/active level. In MicroStation, set the Color
of Level 14 to green.
2. Select Construct Æ Offset.
The Construct Offset dialog box (Figure 3-23 on page 52) displays.
Trimming Right-of-Way
The right-of-ways need to be trimmed just like we did in Chapter 3: COGO, which begins
on page 31. We will use the Road Intersection command to make right-of-ways with
curved returns.
1. Select Layout Æ Road Intersection.
The Layout Road Intersection dialog box (Figure 3-25 on page 54) displays.
2. Graphically select the following three offsets: the northern ROW on Fisher
Street and the east ROW and west ROW on the Warehouse Road.
Chapter 4: COGO
9. Toggle off Point of Intersection (PI).
10. Click on Apply.
Nodes 105, 106, and 107 are placed for the PC, PT, and RP respectively.
11. Click on the PIC icon and graphically select the east portion of the Fisher Street
right-of-way, then select the east right-of-way of the Warehouse Road (See Pick
Point 2 on the figure above).
12. Click on Apply.
Nodes 108, 109, and 110 are placed for the PC, PT, and RP respectively.
Parking Lot
Now we will design a parking lot along the last portion of the right-of-way. To accomplish
this task, complete the following steps:
1. Select Layout Æ Parking Lot Æ Linear.
The Layout Linear Parking Lot – Style dialog box displays.
Chapter 4: COGO
Figure 4-37 Parking Lot Location
3. Type ! $ in the Node ID edit field for the start of the feature line and press the
Tab key.
4. Click on the Next button.
5. Set the Options drop list for the feature line start direction to Direction Point.
6. Place focus in the Northing edit field and click on the PIC icon.
7. Using an OSNAP/SNAP mode of Endpoint/Keypoint, graphically select the end
of the west right-of-way line near Node 104 to establish the direction point
(Figure 4-39 on page 119).
8. Click on the Next button.
9. Type % in the Distance edit field.
10. Click on the Next button.
11. Click on Apply to accept the default Node ID (111).
All directions are going to be deflections to the right or left from the last point. We will
use the + or - sign in the distance field to inform the program if the deflection angle is
90 degrees to the right (+) or 90 degrees to the left (-). Deflections of 45 degrees left
and right are also available.
13. Type !"% in the Distance edit field.
14. Click on Apply.
15. Click on OK to accept Node ID 112.
16. Repeat steps 13 through 15 four times. Type the following values when
prompted for step 16.
Chapter 4: COGO
Distance (Step 13) Node (Step 15)
First time 125 113
Reports Menu
The following pages are provided for you to make notes on the Report commands.
Nodes
Unused Nodes
Station/Offset
Area
Angle
Chapter 4: COGO
Inverse Points
Inverse Alignment
Stakeout Points
Stakeout Boundary
Stakeout Alignment
Layer/Level Properties
We will create a new layer on which to place the annotation and set the current layer/
active level. Complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Click on the New button.
3. Type 1^^_dQdY_^ for the Layer name.
The system adds the name to the bottom of the list.
4. Click on the Color button.
5. Set the color to yellow.
6. Click on the Current button to make the ANNOTATION layer the current layer.
7. Click on OK to retain the settings.
If you are using MicroStation:
1. Make Level 16 the active level.
2. Set the Color to yellow.
3. Highlight Eagle Point English Default from the list of Annotation Styles.
4. Click on the New Annotation Style icon.
The system displays the New Annotation Style dialog box.
Annotate
The Annotate menu contains:
Alignment Stationing
Areas
Multiple Objects
Curves
Lines
Lots
Spirals
Chapter 5: Drafting
Styles
Create Tables
The Create Tables menu contains:
Alignment
Coordinate
Curve
Lot
Node
Spiral
Insert
The Insert menu contains:
Chapter 5: Drafting
Arrowhead
Border
Crow’s Feet
Path
Coordinate Grid
Time/Date Stamp
Serial Number
Custom Line
Pattern Line
Chapter 5: Drafting
Symbol by Station/Offset
Symbols
Modify
The Modify menu contains:
Aspect Ratio
Change Elevation
Swivel
3-D Join
Break
Chapter 5: Drafting
Trim
Unlink Object
Text
The Text menu contains:
Import
Place
Chapter 6: Surface
4. Make Level 5 the active level.
5. Close the Level Manager.
Modeling
In order to make our surface model, we need to thaw and turn on layers/levels. We will do
this by creating a new layer/level group and then manipulating the layer/level group,
following the procedure demonstrated in Layer/Level Control on page 32.
1. Select Tools Æ Manage Layer/Level Groups.
The Manage Layer/Level Groups dialog box (Figure 3-1 on page 32) displays.
2. Click on the Create New Layer/Level Group icon and type D_`_ð<Y^Uc in the
Name edit field on the New Layer/Level Group dialog box (Figure 3-2 on page
33).
3. Highlight each of the following layer names in the Existing Layers/Levels list
box and click on the Add button.
The highlighted layer/level names will then display in the Layers/Levels In Group list
box.
Layer Level
BLDG 5
FENCE 7
GROUND_SHOTS 8
LAGOON 10
ROADCL 11
ROADEDGE 13
STREAM_DITCH 19
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-3 CAD Settings Dialog Box
Add Model
The New Surface Model option on the Manage Surface Models dialog box provides a
method to store different surface models. To set the surface model parameters, complete
the following steps:
1. Select Prepare Æ Manage Surface Models.
The system displays the Manage Surface Models dialog box.
2. Click on the New Surface Model icon on the Manage Surface Models dialog box.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-5 New Surface Model Dialog Box
Option Value
Minimum Valid Elevation 80.00
Option Value
Intermediate Interval 1.00
Smoothing Factor 3
Polynomial Factor 2
When making contours, the elevation range of each triangle is analyzed and the
location of the contours is determined. If contour smoothing is not applied, a straight
line is drawn between the two locations for each contour elevation (see the figure
below).
Without a smoothing effect, the resulting contours look jagged, as their direction
abruptly changes from triangle to triangle. To help reduce this effect, algorithms have
been developed that perform smoothing. Perhaps the most commonly used type of
smoothing is TIN Smoothing (known in Eagle Point as the Smoothing Factor), where
each triangle is subdivided into smaller components (commonly referred to as sub-
triangles). Once the sub-triangles have been created, a finite element analysis routine
is performed on their planar orientation with one another. The result of this routine is
that the sub-triangles are adjusted such that their orientation with one another is
smoothed to remove the sharp breaks (ditches and ravines are given a rounded
effect). The contour locations are then established from the sub-triangles to produce
smoother looking contours. The number and size of each sub-triangle is controlled by
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-7 Smoothing Factor of 2
Another approach is to apply a curve fitting algorithm to the contour vertex locations.
When applying the Polynomial Factor, the contour locations are processed through an
“n-ordered” curve fitting algorithm. In other words, when applying a Polynomial Factor
of 2, the contour vertex locations undergo a second-order curve fitting algorithm.
11. Click on the CAD Settings icon.
The system displays the CAD Settings dialog box.
Option Value
Text Rotation Angle 0.0
X Interval 100.00
Y Interval 100.00
Chapter 6: Surface
33. Typeð?B97C@?DO5<5Fá$# in the Layer/Level edit field.
34. Click on the Color button.
Modeling
35. Select the color green.
36. Click on OK on the Text CAD Settings dialog box (Figure 6-9 on page 146).
37. In the New Surface Model dialog box (Figure 6-5 on page 143), click on the
Rectangular Grid tab. Type the following information in the Rectangular Grid
portion of the dialog box. Press the Tab key after entering information in each
edit field.
Option Value
X Interval 15.00
Y Interval 15.00
Option Value
Minimum Valid Elevation 80.00
4. Click on the CAD Settings icon and enter the following information in the CAD
Settings dialog box (Figure 6-8 on page 145).
Option Value
Layer/Level FINTIN/37
Color White
5. Click on OK.
6. Use the following table to enter information in the Contours tab of the New
Surface Model dialog box.
Option Value
Intermediate Interval 1.00
Chapter 6: Surface
15. Type 69>3?>D?EBCOEC5Bá#$ in the Layer/Level edit field.
16. Set the Color to blue.
Modeling
17. Click on OK.
18. Use the following table to enter information in the Elevation Labels tab of the
New Surface Model dialog box.
Option Value
Text Rotation Angle 0.00
X Interval 100.00
Y Interval 100.00
19. Click on the CAD Settings icon and enter the following information in the Text
CAD Settings dialog box (Figure 6-9 on page 146).
Option Value
Layer/Level FINSPOT_ELEV/33
Color White
Option Value
X Interval 15.00
Y Interval 15.00
Option Value
Layer/Level FINGRID/38
Color White
Chapter 6: Surface
6. Click on the Yes button on the Warning dialog box and then click on the Close
Modeling
button on the Surface Model Prototype Library dialog box (Figure 6-10 on page
150).
7. Click on OK to retain the settings and close the New Surface Model dialog box
(Figure 6-5 on page 143).
8. Click on Close to close the Manage Surface Models dialog box (Figure 6-4 on
page 142).
Masking
Normally the Triangulate Surface Model routine will use all of the entities in the selection
set to make the surface model. By default, the routine will interpret all lines and polylines
in the selection set as breaklines. The Mask Object command lets you override these
defaults by masking entities in the drawing file. An entity in the drawing file can be
interpreted as one of four masking types from the point of view of the Triangulate Surface
Model command.
The four masking types that entities may be set to for surface modeling are:
´ Include: All of the objects of this type are used when creating a surface model. By
default, all objects are included and the lines and polylines are used as breaklines.
´ Exclude: All objects of this type are not used when creating a surface model, even if it
is in the Make Surface Model selection set.
´ No Break: All lines and polylines of this type have only the vertices used and are not
treated as breaklines.
´ Soft Break: All lines and polylines of this type are considered as breaklines, but
smoothing of the surface is allowed. This option will not produce abrupt grade
changes, since a smoothing factor is applied over the breaklines (i.e., if you want a V-
bottom ditch to be smooth instead of an abrupt change in grade).
If you look at the AutoCAD Layer Control dialog box, you will notice that there are three
layers with $X as an extension to the layer name. These layers contain the power line,
utilities, and manholes. These lines are topographic features, but they are above and
below the ground, so they do not represent surface features. Data Collection allows you
to set them as excluded, so they come into your project set up for proper operation in
Surface Modeling.
The commands that deal with masking are listed on the Construct menu. These
commands and the rest of the commands in the Construct menu are listed at the end of
the chapter for your notes.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-11 Defining Boundary Around Site
The polyline is placed at the current AutoCAD elevation setting. Surface Modeling
will not triangulate to the boundary if it is below the minimum elevation for the model,
which we have set to 80.
3. Finish drawing the boundary by typing 3 at the command prompt and pressing
Enter.
If you are using MicroStation:
1. Verify that the Active Depth is set to 0 by typing 1J-/ at the key-in.
2. Press Enter.
3. Click in the design file to set the view.
4. If it is not set to 0, type 1J- at the key-in, press Enter, and then click in the
design file to set the view.
5. Click on the Place Smartline button.
6. Begin drawing the smartline around the site as shown in Figure 6-11 above.
The smartline is at an elevation of 0, so Surface Modeling will not triangulate to it if it
is below the minimum elevation for the model, which we have set to 80.
7. Use the Snap mode of Keypoint to close the object.
Void Regions
Void regions are areas inside the surface model where no triangulation should take place,
such as building footprints and water surfaces. The line that defines a void region for the
site must be a closed 2-D or 3-D polyline or shape/smartline or complex chain.
Chapter 6: Surface
1. Select Prepare Æ Predefined Void Regions.
Modeling
The system displays the Predefined Void Regions dialog box.
Crossing Breaklines
Before creating the surface model, you should check for crossing breaklines. If you have
crossing breaklines in the selection set used for the surface model, you will get a warning
dialog box when you create the surface model. Too many crossing breaklines can cause
problems with the triangulation process. To check for and repair crossing breaklines, you
would select the Crossing Breaklines command from the Prepare menu. We will not be
doing this because we should have no crossing breaklines.
Surface Model
The Surface Model routine creates triangles of the data points and breaklines that
describe the site. Complete the following steps to create a surface model.
1. Select Triangulate Æ Surface Model.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-17 Triangulate Surface Model Dialog Box
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-19 Make User-Defined Contours Dialog Box
Annotating Contours
After the contours have been created and brought into the drawing, the Annotate option
can be used to label the elevation of the contours in the drawing. Complete the following
steps to annotate the contours:
1. Select Contours Æ Annotate.
The system displays the Annotate Contours dialog box.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Spot elevations can be annotated using the Place Spot Elevation Labels command. To
accomplish this, complete the following steps:
1. Select Output Æ Place Spot Elevation Labels.
The system displays the Place Spot Elevation Labels dialog box.
Place Grid
The Place Grid command creates a rectangular grid from a surface model and brings the
grid into the drawing using colors and layers that can be specified in an elevation table.
This can be used for a better graphical representation of the surface model that can later
be rendered or shaded. To make a grid, complete the following steps:
1. Select Output Æ Place Grid.
5. Click on the New Elevation icon on the Elevation Table dialog box.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-25 New Elevation Range Dialog Box
95 cyan OrigGrid/48 On
90 yellow OrigGrid/48 On
85 green OrigGrid/48 On
80 blue OrigGrid/48 On
13. Click on the Cancel button on the New Elevation Range dialog box to close the
dialog box.
14. Highlight the MIN elevation and click on the Modify Elevation Range icon.
15. Type ?bYW7bYTá$( in Layer/Level edit field.
16. Set the Color to purple.
17. Click on OK.
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Figure 6-26 Erase Existing Objects Dialog Box
Construct
The Construct menu contains:
Feature Line
Join Contours
Mask Objects
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Unmask All Objects
Densify Objects
Weed Objects
Delete Triangle
Insert Breakline
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
Raise/Lower Model
Output
The Output menu contains:
Place Triangles
Place Boundary
Chapter 6: Surface
Modeling
There are several types of files that are created when working with the Surface Modeling
product. Each of these files is placed in the project directory where the information for the
job is stored. The two question marks refer to the two-digit number assigned to the file by
the system. The first model created is assigned 01, the second file is assigned 02, and so
on. The following files are some that are created:
File Types
Filename.SM Contains the Surface Modeling Library information for all surfaces.
Each of these files (except for filename.SM and filename.Y??) are in a binary file format
and should not be modified. Filename.SM and filename.Y?? are ASCII files and can be
modified with any type of standard ASCII file editor (such as Notepad).
Layer/Level Control
We will freeze/turn off the layers/levels containing the original ground information. To
accomplish this task, complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer and Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Thaw layer 0 and make it the current layer.
3. Freeze any layer that starts with ORIG and the following layers:
ANNOTATE_CONTOUR, ELEV_TABLE, and TOPO.
If you are using MicroStation:
1. Display the Level Manager.
2. Make Level 6 the active level.
3. Turn off Levels 20, 23, and 43-48.
Create Pond
To construct the pond, we will be using the Feature Line command. The first thing we
need to do is set the default CAD settings to draw the feature line on the POND layer/
Level 25. To accomplish this, complete the following steps:
1. Select System Æ Default CAD Settings.
7. Click on Close.
Project Slopes
The Project Slopes commands project a series of line segments from a given entity in the
drawing/design file at user-defined linear and angular intervals. These commands are
useful for projecting slopes for edges of roadways, around building pads, river banks,
sides of stockpiles, etc. Three sets of entities are created: a feature line, a series of slope
lines, and a catchline where the slope lines intersect the specified surface.
10. Select Cut Slope Lines from the Description drop list.
11. Type C@O3EDOC<?@5/$"ðin the Layer/Level edit field.
12. Click on the Color button.
13. Select the color yellow.
14. Select Fill Slope Lines from the Description drop list.
15. Type C@O69<<OC<?@5/#) in the Layer/Level edit field.
16. Click on the Color button.
17. Select the color green.
18. Select Feature Lines from the Description drop list.
19. Type C@O651DEB5/$! in the Layer/Level edit field.
20. Click on the Color button.
21. Select the color red.
22. Select Catch Lines from the Description drop list.
23. Type C@O31D38/$ in the Layer/Level edit field.
24. Click on the Color button.
25. Select the color magenta.
26. Click on OK to retain the settings.
27. Click on Apply on the Project Slopes To Surface Model dialog box (Figure 7-5
on page 178).
29. When the system prompts you CU\USdðcYTUðd_ð`b_ZUSdðd_, pick a location within
the berm (see the figure above).
The system projects the slopes and prompts you to select the next entity to project
slopes from.
30. Right click to end the selection of objects.
31. Click on Close on the Project Slopes To Surface Model dialog box (Figure 7-5 on
page 178).
12. When the system prompts you CU\USdðcYTUðd_ð`b_ZUSdðd_, pick a location outside
the outer top of the berm object (see the figure above).
The system projects the slopes. See the figure below for the final projection of slopes
around the pond.
13. Click on Close on the Project Slopes to Offset dialog box (Figure 7-8 on page
181).
The Display Selected Objects Details dialog box displays, showing the number of
objects selected, along with the minimum and maximum elevations of the selected
objects.
13. After reviewing the dialog box, click on OK.
14. Click on the Close button on the Triangulate Surface Model dialog box.
A shadow display of the surface model triangles will display until the display is
redrawn or regenerated.
15. Close the Surface Modeling product.
Calculate Volumes
Site Design uses the prismoidal method to calculate volumes between surfaces. This
method uses a form of finite element analysis and is a true surface-to-surface volume
calculation. The volume calculation is as accurate as the data that is modeled.
The prismoidal method first projects each side of the triangle onto an existing surface
model. Next, the intersecting points are projected onto the triangle, producing subregions
with corresponding prisms (see Figure 7-12 on page 185). The prismoidal method then
averages the surface of the two true plane areas (which is the true area of the prism),
multiplied by the length between the planes. The length between planes is the distance
2. Select Original Ground from the Original Surface Model drop list.
3. Select Final Berm from the Final Surface Model drop list.
4. Toggle on Use Compaction Factor.
5. Type " in the Cut edit field.
The following table provides an overview of the compaction factor and its effect on the
compacted volume.
-(Shrink) +(Swell)
Applied to Cut Result: The material cut is Result: The material cut is
excavated and occupies less excavated and occupies more
volume than the computed-in- volume than the computed-in-
place volume. place volume.
Applied to Fill Result: The material of a larger Result: The material of a lesser
volume is brought in and volume is brought in and swells to
compacted to occupy the occupy the computed-in-place
computed-in-place volume. volume.
8. When prompted to select a point within the drawing for the volume report, pick
a point to the right of the pond.
9. Click on Close to close the Prismoidal Volume Results dialog box.
10. Click on Close to close the Calculate Prismoidal Volumes dialog box (Figure 7-
13 on page 186).
Optional Exercises
3. When the system prompts you to select objects, select the building in the
northeast corner of the site (see the figure below).
The system will place a circle at the first point on the object according to how it was
drawn.
4. Type ! $ in the Elevation edit field for point 1 and press the Tab key.
5. Type in the Grade edit field and press the Tab key.
27. Select Original Ground from the Surface Model drop list.
28. Click on Apply.
The system calculates the volumes between the Original Ground surface model and
the 3-D object that you selected.
29. Click on Close.
30. Click on Close on the 3-D Feature Editor dialog box (Figure 7-17 on page 190).
2. Select Original Ground from the Original Surface Model drop list.
3. Select Final Berm from the Final Surface Model drop list.
4. Click on the Settings button.
The system displays the Grid Depth Stakes Settings dialog box.
The system calculates the different depths and places Nodes in the drawing at the
final ground elevations with descriptions indicating the relative cut and fill depths from
the original ground surface to the final ground surface.
15. Click on Close.
The Export Data command in Data Transfer may now be used to write a file containing
information about the Nodes. The Upload to Collector command in Data Collection could
be used to upload the generated Nodes to a data collector. Then a survey crew can take
the data collector to the job site and use it when placing the construction stakes for the
design ground surface indicating the cut and fill depths.
Analyze Slopes
The Analyze Slopes command allows you to evaluate the steepness of the triangles that
make up a surface model. This command can be used to create a graphical
representation of the steepness. A report can also be generated.
% Slope Color
4 Yellow
6 Green
8 Cyan
10 Blue
13. Click on the Cancel button after entering all the information in the table.
14. Highlight the HORZ slope range and click on the Modify Slope Range icon.
15. Type C<?@5OD9>/") in the Layer/Level edit field.
16. Set the Color to white.
17. Click on OK.
18. Click on Apply on the Analyze Slopes dialog box (Figure 7-25 on page 196).
The system draws the slope lines and opens the Analyze Slopes Report dialog box.
The report can be sent to the CAD graphics or printed.
19. Click on OK on the Analyze Slopes Report dialog box after you have read the
report.
20. Click on Close on the Analyze Slopes dialog box (Figure 7-25 on page 196).
If the slope triangles are magenta in color (the steepest slope color), those areas
could be investigated for slope stability problems. The triangles can also be viewed
three-dimensionally using CAD to help you in your analysis of the slope triangles.
21. Close the Site Design product.
In this example, we will begin by entering the horizontal alignment information to redesign
an existing road. The design calls for a design speed of 40 to 55 MPH. Because of this,
superelevation of the road will be necessary. A utility will be placed alongside of the
alignment. Cross-section information will then be extracted along the centerline from a
surface model made using Eagle Point’s Surface Modeling product. A rock subsurface
will be developed from the boring log information. The original ground cross-section
information will provide an approximate original profile. From that, a design profile will be
developed for the centerline based on a speed of 40 to 55 MPH. A design typical section
will then be entered and used throughout the entire project. Because of the mountainous
terrain, benching will be applied in some locations. Toward the end of the project we will
also design a passing lane. After running the design, cross-section modifications will be
made to the catch slopes on a few stations. Volumes will be examined and plots
produced. Special cross-section and plan and profile sheet formatting will be entered.
Finally, additional profile information will be placed in the profile drawing so that it appears
on the existing plan and profile sheets.
Chapter 8: RoadCalc
Introduction
Figure 8-2 RoadCalc Design Steps
Adding Sub-Projects
To access the RoadCalc product, complete the following steps:
1. Select File Æ New.
Chapter 8: RoadCalc
This associates the RoadCalc sub-project with the main project.
Introduction
4. Type ! in the Sub-project Number edit field.
By default, the system will display the lowest available sub-project number.
ï You may have up to 999 sub-projects in one project.
5. Type =QY^\Y^U in the Description edit field.
6. Select RoadCalc English Defaults from the Sub-project Prototype drop list.
7. Click on the Next button.
Chapter 8: RoadCalc
Introduction
8. Click on Close on the Manage Layer/Level Groups dialog box (Figure 9-1 on
page 210).
Now we will use the layer/level groups we just created. To control the layers/levels,
complete the following steps:
If you are using AutoCAD:
1. Display the Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box.
2. Freeze all layers except the current layer.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
If you are using MicroStation:
Alignments
1. Display the Level Manager.
2. Make Level 1 the active level.
3. Turn off all levels that have objects on them.
Continue with the following steps regardless of the CAD engine you are using:
1. Select Tools Æ Manipulate Layer Groups.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
Figure 9-5 New PI Dialog Box
Alignments
4. Select Coordinates from the Method drop list.
ï The first new PI must be entered using the Coordinates method. This establishes the
location of the alignment. After the first PI, the other PIs could be entered using one of the
methods in the Other Methods for New PIs table (see Figure 9-6 on page 214).
5. Enter the following data by typing the values in the Northing and Easting edit
fields and then clicking on the Apply button.
ï The PI values are automatically assigned to the PIs as you enter the Northings and
Eastings. You do not need to type the PI values.
PI Northing Easting
BOP 52749.72 189009.88
2 51691.31 189753.05
3 51463.13 191037.26
4 51790.44 192136.40
5 52814.06 192849.75
6. Click on the Close button on the New PI dialog box (Figure 9-5 on page 213).
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
about your BOP changing.
The system changes all stations to reflect the change to the BOP station.
Alignments
The Station Data dialog box is also where you can enter a station equation. Station
equations are used to assign or change the station at a particular location on the
alignment. An example of this would be the need to match the stationing of the existing
alignment after redesigning a curve on the alignment. When a curve is lengthened or
shortened, the difference in stationing can be made up with a station equation.
If the new alignment needs to join with the old alignment stationing, you can use a Gap
Equation.
Using the RoadCalc Superelevation design option allows you to type in all the variables
necessary to develop your own superelevation transitions based on AASHTO Method 5
superelevation.
The Lane table is a basic multiplier of the length of superelevation.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
Lane Table
Alignments
Lane Number Multiplier
2 1
3 1.2
4 1.5
5 2.0
The MRS table (Maximum Relative Slope) provides a review of the curved design practice
indicating the appearance for superelevation runoff that governs the length of runoff. This
3. Click on the Superelevation Data button on the Horizontal Curve Data dialog
box.
The system displays the Superelevation Data dialog box.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
Alignments
11. Hold down the Shift key and highlight PI 1 and PI 2 and click on OK.
The system displays a warning that says you are about to overwrite Curve, Spiral, and
Superelevation data for the highlighted curves.
12. Click on the Yes button on the warning dialog box.
The system adds the information to the superelevation and curve data and draws the
curve in the drawing.
13. Repeat steps 5-12 using the data below for the rest of the PIs.
PI # Da
3 4.0
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
4 6.0
Alignments
5 5.0
14. Click on Close on the Superelevation Calculator dialog box (Figure 9-14 on page
220).
The system has entered the superelevation data that was calculated into the
Superelevation Data dialog box. This data can be edited here or it could have been
entered directly into these fields instead of using the Superelevation Calculator.
Rollover Parameters
Using RoadCalc, we have a Rollover option to control the cross-slope of the shoulders
when a curve is in superelevation. An example of the Rollover Effect can be seen in the
Figure 9-16 Superelevated Road with High-side and Low-side Rollover Specified
We are going to use the Rollover option for both the high and low sides of our roadway. To
accomplish this, complete the following steps:
1. Toggle on Rollover on the Superelevation Data dialog box (Figure 9-13 on page
219).
2. Click on the Parameters button on the Superelevation Data dialog box (Figure 9-
13 on page 219).
3. Toggle on Use Rollover for both the High and Low Sides.
4. Verify that the Slope for the High Side is 8%.
5. Verify that the PT Codes for the High Side and Low Side are 10 Shoulder.
The PT codes will be associated with the PT codes on the shoulders of your typical
section. PT code 10 is the default PT code for the shoulder.
6. Turn on All PIs.
7. Click on OK.
The system displays a warning about using these Rollover Parameters on every PI.
8. Click on the Yes button on the warning dialog box.
9. Click on Close on the Superelevation Data dialog box (Figure 9-13 on page 219).
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
Alignments
Horizontal Curve Data
Besides defining the superelevation data, the Horizontal Curve Data in RoadCalc can be
input manually. The tangent length, radius, length of curve, chord length, and external and
middle ordinates can be entered to define the curve for each PI.
Since we have already entered the horizontal curve data, now we can just check the curve
data to ensure that there are no overlaps. To verify that the curve data does not overlap,
complete the following steps:
2. Verify that there are no overlapping curves for this station by comparing the EC
Station with the BC Station for the next PI.
ï If the curve data overlaps, you will see an error message next to the arrows in the middle
of the dialog box. To correct the problem, you will have to adjust the curve data.
3. Verify that the value in the Da edit field for the PI is identical to the value entered
previously in the Superelevation Calculator.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
4. Verify that the spiral lengths are zero.
Alignments
The spirals should all be set to 0 because we toggled off the Spirals option when we
used the Superelevation Calculator.
5. Click on the Next PI icon to view the next PI.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 until you have checked all PIs.
7. Click on Close on the Horizontal Curve Data dialog box.
Speed Tables
The horizontal speed tables provide an alternative to design curves and superelevation
parameters.
Another option when using spirals is Combining Spirals. Spirals into and out of a curve are
usually of equal length, but they do not need to be. Combining spirals may be entered to
transition between two circular curves instead of using compound curves or curves
separated by tangents. RoadCalc also supports combining spirals created in the Eagle
Point COGO product.
Chapter 9: RoadCalc
Alignments
Figure 9-21 Preview Objects Dialog Box
2. Click on the Close button after you have looked at the alignment.
3. Click on the Close button on the Edit Alignment Data dialog box (Figure 9-4 on
page 213).
Modifying Alignments
As the alignment data is input, the alignment is dynamically drawn into the CAD graphics.
The alignment object in the CAD drawing is linked to the data so that if changes are made
to the graphics or the data, the other is updated.
5. Type ! in the Node ID edit field and press the Tab key.
The coordinates will update to the coordinates of Node 100.
6. Click on OK.
The system changes the EOP to stretch to Node 100 in the Edit Alignment Data and in
the CAD graphic.
7. Click on Close on the Edit Alignment Data dialog box (Figure 9-4 on page 213).
10
Adding an Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Converting an Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Converting to Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Generate Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Alignment File Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Offset Alignment
First, we will need to use the Offset Alignment command to draw the special alignment
line. We will draw the transition from 12 feet to 24 feet and then continue to the end of the
alignment at a 24-foot offset. To do this, complete the following steps:
1. Select Alignments Æ Offset.
The system displays the Offset Alignment dialog box.
Adding an Alignment
Before we can add any data for an additional alignment, we need to add another name to
the Alignment Manager. This works similar to the Surface Model Manager in Surface
Modeling. To add an alignment, complete the following steps:
1. Select Alignments Æ Manage. Chapter 10: RoadCalc
Additional Alignments
Converting an Alignment
Another method for entering the data of an alignment is to convert an object to an
alignment. The Convert Objects to Alignment command will automatically enter the PI and
curve data from a CAD object and change the layer/level and color of the object to the
Utilities
The Utilities command allows a user to define a 3-D object so that it will be graphically
seen in RoadCalc cross-sections and profiles. This command can be used to represent
any existing or design utility including pipes, cables, gas lines, sewers, culverts, etc.
If you are using MicroStation, display the Level Manager and turn on Level 6.
2. Click on OK.
3. Zoom in to the culvert at Station 69+26.13, as shown in the figure below.
Converting to Utility
Now, we will convert the 3-D object we created to a utility. To do this, complete the
following steps:
1. Select Alignments Æ Manage Utilities.
17. If you are using MicroStation, click on the Update View button.
The print setup will be used anytime you print a report from Eagle Point. The Generate
Reports command for Cross-Sections and Profiles will be similar to the Generate Reports
for Alignments command.
The ** represents two letters. The Align001.d** are the only files that should remain in the
project folder after the project is closed. The other files are temporary and only exist when
the project is open. All of these files are in a binary file format.
11
Design Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Actual Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Creating a Surface Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Restoring Layers/Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Building Station List for Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Adding Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Extracting Cross-Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Viewing Cross-Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Generating Subsurfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Verifying Subsurface Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Additional Cross-Section Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
When editing cross-section data, defining typical sections, plotting sections, etc., you are
dealing with surfaces. When you are changing the compaction factors and getting
volumes, you are dealing with layers. RoadCalc refers to layers as materials.
There are three types of cross-section surfaces in RoadCalc: Original, Design, and
Actual. The data for the surfaces can be entered several ways. You can enter the data by:
´ Entering the numbers manually (as from a field book)
´ Drawing the cross-sections graphically
´ Extracting from a surface model that was created with the Surface Modeling product
´ Extracting from a drawing file containing 3-D contours or other 3-D objects
´ Translating into RoadCalc from an ASCII file created by a data collector or other
external source
In our example, we will be using the method of extracting from a surface model which we
will create with the Surface Modeling product.
Cross-Sections
Original surfaces represent the terrain before construction begins. Some examples of
original surfaces are vegetation, topsoil, clay, and rock. RoadCalc allows up to 100
surfaces. The surfaces must be listed in order from the top surface to the deepest surface.
Original surfaces cannot cross each other. If topsoil is defined as surface #1 and clay as
#2, no clay points above the topsoil surface can be entered.
When beginning a sub-project, RoadCalc creates one default original surface called
Orig_Surface. This is automatically listed in the Manage Surfaces dialog box (below) on
the Original tab.
We will modify the name of the default surface and then add a second original surface that
will parallel the first surface. To enter the original surfaces into the Surface Manager,
complete the following steps:
1. Select Cross-Sections Æ Manage Surfaces.
The system displays the Manage Surfaces dialog box. The three tabs are for the three
different types of surfaces.
Cross-Sections
14. Select Parallel from the Type drop list.
Setting the Type to Parallel makes the rock subsurface parallel with the topsoil
surface.
15. Click on OK.
16. Click on the Surface CAD Settings icon on the Manage Surfaces dialog box
(Figure 11-2 on page 243).
The system displays the CAD Settings dialog box (Figure 10-2 on page 231).
17. Select topsoil from the Description drop list.
18. If you are using MicroStation, type % in the Level edit field.
19. Set the Color to green.
20. Select rock from the Description drop list.
21. If you are using MicroStation, type %! in the Level edit field.
22. Set the Color to yellow and click on the OK button.
23. Click on Close on the Manage Surfaces dialog box (Figure 11-2 on page 243).
Design Surfaces
The design surfaces are the surfaces that are used in the typical sections. These will be
discussed when we design our typical section in Chapter 13: RoadCalc Typical Sections,
which begins on page 283.
Actual Surfaces
A third type of surface we can define is the actual surface. Some ways to use actual
surfaces are to compare the volumes placed with what should have been placed, or
during construction, to record intermediate stages of construction.
For example, at the end of July, the survey crew surveys the project and gets earthwork
volumes for the month. Add an actual surface called July and enter the data from the July
survey. RoadCalc can then calculate volumes between the Original Ground and July. At
the end of August, add another actual surface called August and enter the new survey
data. RoadCalc can then give volumes for August, or it can add the July and August
volumes to show the total earthwork done to date.
Restoring Layers/Levels
Since we have created our surface model, we do not need to see the TOPO layers/levels
anymore. To restore the layers/levels we want, complete the following steps:
1. Make CENTERLINE/Level 1 the current layer/active level.
2. Select Tools Æ Manage Layer/Level Groups.
The system displays the Manage Layer/Level Groups dialog box (Figure 9-1 on page
210).
3. Highlight Alignment Shots and click on the Modify Layer/Level Group icon.
2. Verify that the Begin Station and the End Station are 14+50 and approximately
89+48.78, respectively.
The system automatically defaults to the beginning and ending stations of the
alignment data.
3. Type ! in the Stationing Interval edit field.
4. Toggle on all of the options.
The Station Options toggles tell the system where we want the cross-sections
extracted. We are extracting at the stations specified, curve stations (PC and PT
stations), and equation stations.
The Stations in Range toggles will mark the stations so that RoadCalc not only adds
the stations to the list, but also marks them as stations to extract. If you want to clear
the list before adding new cross-sections, you can toggle on Delete Existing Stations.
5. Type "% in the Curve Stationing Interval edit field.
6. Type in the Skew Angle edit field and select RHF from the drop list.
Cross-Sections
If you wanted to see a cross-section at a different angle, you can use a skew angle. The
angle is defined by one of five methods:
´ Right-Hand Forward (RHF)
´ Left-Hand Forward (LHF)
´ Deflection Right (DR)
´ Deflection Left (DL)
´ Azimuth (AZ)
Selecting LHF allows angles to be entered from -90° to 90° to read from the second and
third quadrants. Selecting RHF allows angles to be entered from -90° to 90° to read from
the first and fourth quadrants.
Figure 11-9 LHF and RHF Method for Measuring Skew Angles
Selecting DR allows angles to be entered from 0° to 180° to read from the first and fourth
quadrants. Selecting DL allows angles to be entered from 0° to 180° to read from the
second and third quadrants.
Adding Stations
Besides the station list that we created with the Build List command, we can also add
stations individually. For example, if you wanted cross-sections at specific stations for
driveways, intersections, culverts, etc. In our case, we are going to add an additional
section at station 69+ 26.13. This will be used to show the road cross-section where a
Cross-Sections
Figure 11-12 Skewed Cross-Section at Station 69+26.13
5. Click on OK.
RoadCalc temporarily displays lines where the cross-sections were extracted. The
lines on the screen are also drawn to the correct size so that you can see in the plan
the extents of the cross-sections. The lines will disappear if you zoom in or do a
redraw.
If you wanted to see the lines permanently in the plan drawing, you can use the
Annotate Cross-Sections command. It will place the lines in the drawing and annotate
the station and cross-section number.
Cross-Sections
There are three ways we can view the extracted data of the cross-sections: Edit Cross-
Section Data, Query Cross-Sections, and View Cross-Section Graphics. We will be using
the first two methods in this chapter. We will be using the View Cross-Section Graphics
command in a later chapter. To view the cross-sections, complete the following steps:
1. Select Cross-Sections Æ Edit Cross-Section Data.
The system displays the Edit Cross-Section Data dialog box.
ï You might have to adjust the scale of the view to see the whole cross-section. Click on the
Scale View icon and adjust the scale to the view you would like to see. This scale only
affects this dialog box.
The arrows scroll from shot to shot across the cross-section. The plus or minus icons
take you from cross-section to cross-section. If you click on the Goto Cross-Section
icon, the system opens a list for you to choose a cross-section to view.
6. Click on Close.
Generating Subsurfaces
The Generate Subsurfaces command interpolates subsurface data from the control data
entered. Cross-section data is entered for control stations. For example, the control
stations could be the location of the soil borings. So you would enter the subsurface data
at these stations. RoadCalc will then interpolate the data between the control stations.
In this exercise, we will generate the rock surface. This surface is a parallel surface to the
topsoil. To generate the rock surface, complete the following steps:
Cross-Sections
2. Click on the Modify Station icon for the Station list.
The system displays the Modify Station dialog box.
3. Toggle on Control.
The system now holds the subsurface data for the marked cross-section.
4. Click on OK.
The system lists a C in the Status field next to the station. This represents that the
station is a Control Station.
5. Repeat steps 2-4 for the following stations:
A. 31+00
B. 33+00
C. 44+00
D. 46+00
E. 68+00
F. 89+48.78
6. Highlight station 14+50 on the Edit Cross-Section Data dialog box (Figure 11-15
on page 255).
7. Select Orig_rock from the Surfaces drop list.
8. Click on the New Shot icon for the Shot at Station list.
33+00 0 .25
44+00 0 .25
46+00 0 .75
68+00 0 1.5
89+48.78 0 2
15. Click on the Close button on the Edit Cross-Section Data dialog box (Figure 11-
15 on page 255).
16. Select Cross-Sections Æ Generate Subsurfaces.
17. Verify that the stations that you marked as control earlier are marked as control
here.
18. Toggle on Normal.
If Normal is used, RoadCalc will interpolate the subsurface data for any parallel or
absolute original ground surface. If Use Existing Pavement is selected, the
Parameters button becomes active and can be used to set the parameters of the
pavement for interpolation.
19. Click on OK.
The system displays a warning message about deleting all previous subsurface data
that is not marked as control.
Importing/Exporting Cross-Sections
Another option in RoadCalc is to translate the data from a data file that contains the shots.
The Import command allows you to select a file and import the data to a cross-section
surface. Over 100 predefined formats exist for data translation. If none of the formats are
acceptable, you can create your own format by using the Create User Format command.
This command is similar to using the Data Transfer product.
The Export command allows you to export the shot data in a specified format. The file
could then be uploaded to your collector or utilized by another program.
Generate Reports
RoadCalc allows you to print the cross-section information for any surface. You can print
this information to a file or printer.
Station Elevation
24+40 717
35+87 783
53+00 709
63+00 714
78+71 673
88+00 670
89+48.8 670
12. Click on Close after you are done viewing the profile in the preview window.
4. Select AASHTO - Without Passing Sight from the Speed Table drop list.
5. Highlight 50 from the Parameters table on the Vertical Speed Tables dialog box.
6. Click on the Create Vertical Curve button.
Profiles
8. Click on OK.
The system processes the vertical curve data and generates the new centerline
profile.
9. Click on Close on the Vertical Speed Tables dialog box (Figure 12-5 on page
266).
10. Select the arrows in the middle of the Vertical Curve Data dialog box (Figure 12-
4 on page 266) to view either the previous or next VPI’s curve data.
11. Verify that there are no overlapping vertical curve data warnings for any VPIs
and that the Design Speed is set to 50.
ï If there was an overlapping curve warning, it would appear directly below the arrows.
12. Click on Close.
Modifying a VPI
There are two main ways to modify a VPI. If you can visually see something wrong with
the profile you have designed, you can graphically make the modifications using the CAD
commands to stretch the VPIs or by using RoadCalc’s Modify PI command. We will not
be modifying any VPIs in this example, but the methods are explained below.
Using the Modify PI command, highlight the VPI you want to adjust and click on the Modify
VPI icon. At this point, you could modify the VPI numerically by adjusting the station,
Using the graphic method, you graphically change the profile in the drawing/design file.
After making the changes, select Synchronize Graphics & Data from the Profiles menu.
This displays a dialog box which gives you a choice to update the data or the graphics.
Since you just modified the profile graphically, you would want to click on the Update Data
button. This takes the changes you made and makes the same changes in the data. If you
wanted to go back to the original data, you could click on the Update Graphics button.
Profiles
4. Click in the drawing by snapping to the beginning of the Centerline.
The Spot Elevations dialog box reports the station and elevation of the Centerline
profile at the location you clicked.
5. Repeat the command to check other elevations as desired.
If you would like to annotate the elevation and station, you can click on the Annotate
button. You could also enter the station by typing a station value and then clicking on
the Calculate button to calculate the elevation on the profile at the entered station.
6. Click on Close on the Spot Elevations dialog box.
7. Click on Close on the Edit Profile Data dialog box (Figure 12-1 on page 263).
Besides finding elevations on the design profiles, you can also find and annotate an
elevation anywhere in the drawing. This uses the RoadCalc Profile Coordinate System.
When you set it to Draw Profile Graphic in the Plan Drawing you will have to assign an X,Y
coordinate in the Plan Drawing equal to a station and elevation.
We will not be using an additional Profile Coordinate System in this example.
Profiles
3. Verify that RoadCalc PCS 001 is the Active PCS (Profile Coordinate System).
ï You must have at least one PCS in order to use the Profiles product. If you are not using
the Profiles product with RoadCalc, you need to create a PCS before doing anything
else.
4. Click on Close.
5. Select Draw Æ Tangent.
The system displays the Draw Tangent dialog box.
Station Elevation
62+00 710
89+48.8 666
Profiles
(Figure 12-13 on page 272).
The CAD Settings dialog box displays (Figure 10-2 on page 231).
6. Select Ditch Right from the Description drop list.
7. Change the Color to yellow.
8. Click on OK.
9. Click on Close on the Manage Profiles dialog box (Figure 12-13 on page 272).
10. Select Profiles Æ Convert Objects to Profile.
You are prompted:
CU\USdð_RZUSdc
11. Select the three tangent sections that were drawn with the Profiles product and
press Enter.
The system displays the Convert Objects To Profile dialog box.
Setup
The Setup menu contains:
Annotation Settings
Sight Parameters
Crosshairs
Construct
The Construct menu contains:
Grid
Draw
The Draw menu contains:
Profiles
Inlet
Manhole
Custom Structure
Pipe End
Headwall
Wingwall
Custom Symbol
Point/Grade Break
Tangent
Vertical Curve
Inlet/Manhole
Headwall/Wingwall/Flared End
Query
The Query menu contains:
Point/Grade Break
Tangent
Inlet/Manhole
13
Adding Design Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Adding a Typical Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Constructing a Typical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Placing Additional PT Codes on the Typical Section 295
Constructing in Cut Only Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Mirror Typical Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Defining Typical Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Verifying Typical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Typical Section Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Typical Sections
the typical section and the original surface.
RoadCalc has two other types for design surfaces, Undercut and Overbreak, which tell
the program to use these surfaces differently than other design surfaces.
Undercut is a way of removing a section of existing material from the project and filling it in
with a different material. For example, you would use undercut if placing a road through a
marshy area. Some of the marsh ground may need to be replaced and filled with crushed
rock. The area to be replaced is specified as an undercut zone. The earthwork volumes
can then reflect the undercut surface. You may choose to include or not include the
Figure (A) shows the typical section with the original ground when Undercut is toggled off.
This does not include the undercut in the volume calculations. Figure (B) includes the
undercut material by adding the cut undercut material from the undercut zone to the cut
and fill volumes.
To create an undercut surface with typical sections, add a surface with a type of undercut
to the end of the Design Surfaces list. It must be the last design surface, unless there is an
overbreak surface. If there is an overbreak surface, the undercut will be the second to last
design surface.
The last design surface type is Overbreak. When a surface is set as Overbreak, an
overbreak line is defined. With this line, volumes can be separated from actual surfaces
into volumes inside the overbreak line and volumes outside the line. The figure below is an
example of the overbreak line. It also shows the region outside the overbreak line, which
would be included in the volume if the overbreak line was not included. For a discussion of
Actual Surfaces, see Actual Surfaces on page 245.
8. Verify that Standard 2 Lane is selected from the Typical Section drop list.
9. Click on OK.
10. If the system prompts you to save changes to the current drawing, click on the
Yes button.
The typical section drawing/design file is displayed.
Prompt Value
dX 12
% Slope -2
PT Code 2
The system draws a line 12 feet to the right from the red crosshairs at a 2% slope. It
places a PT Code of 2 at the end of the line.
6. Press Enter to accept the Next Point input type of XS.
Prompt Value
dX 4
% Slope -4
PT Code 0
The system draws a line continuing out 4 feet to the right at a 4% slope.
8. Type HI at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
This tells the system that you want to input a Delta X value and a Delta Y value.
9. Enter the following values at the corresponding prompts and press Enter after
each:
Prompt Value
dX 0
dY -.5
PT Code 0
Prompt Value
dX -4
% Slope 4
PT Code 0
14. Press Enter to accept the default PT Code of 0 at the PT Code prompt.
The system draws the vertical line to close the shoulder area.
15. Type B at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
This tells the system that you want to reset your pen. Resetting it allows you to begin
at a new starting point.
16. Type 1 at the Start Point prompt and press Enter.
Prompt Value
X 0
Y -.75
PT Code 0
This establishes the coordinates of (0, -0.75) as the new start point.
18. Type HC at the Next Point prompt and press the Enter key.
19. Enter the following values at the corresponding prompts and press Enter after
each:
Prompt Value
dX 12
% Slope -2
PT Code 0
22. Press Enter to accept the default PT Code of 0 at the PT Code prompt.
The system draws the vertical line to close the asphalt area.
23. Type B at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
24. Type 1 at the Start Point prompt and press Enter.
25. Enter the following values at the corresponding prompts and press Enter after
each:
Prompt Value
X 0
Y -1.5
PT Code 0
This establishes the coordinates of (0, -1.5) as the new start point.
26. Type HC at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
27. Enter the following values at the corresponding prompts and press the Enter
key after each:
Prompt Value
dX 12
% Slope -2
PT Code 0
28. Click on the PIC icon when prompted for the Next Point.
30. Press Enter to accept the default PT Code of 0 at the PT Code prompt.
The system draws the vertical line to close the base area.
31. Type H at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
The system closes the Precision Input edit field.
Prompt Value
dY -2
H/V Slope 3
PT Code 3
The system draws a line extending down from the edge of the shoulder in the Cut
viewport only. The line is on the CUT layer.
8. Type HI at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
9. Enter the following values at the corresponding prompts and press Enter after
each:
Prompt Value
Typical Sections
dY 0
PT Code 4
The system draws in a one-foot flat bottom ditch only in the Cut viewport.
10. Type H at the Next Point prompt and press Enter.
The system closes the Precision Input edit field.
Shoulder Yellow 53
Base Cyan 54
Subgrade Magenta 55
ï If you change each design material to its own unique color, it will help you identify the
different materials when you define the typical section.
Typical Sections
Figure 13-20 Edit Typical Section Data Dialog Box
Associate Alignment
Slope Control maintains the slope of the line segment drawn from the control PT code
toward the centerline. RoadCalc will extend the line segment, maintaining the drawn
slope while raising or lowering the elevation of the breakpoint until the alignment offset is
reached (see Figure 14-1 on page 306).
Elevation Control maintains the elevation of the control PT code. RoadCalc adjusts the
slope of the typical section line segment drawn from the control PT code toward the
centerline to reach the same elevation of the breakpoint as drawn on the typical section
(see Figure 14-1 on page 306).
PT Code Associations
PT Code 2 10
Control PT Code 2 10
These associations will make PT Code 2 follow the EXISTEP alignments and profiles,
widening and varying according to the field conditions. As the first segment of the typical
section varies in slope, the segment defined with PT Code 10 uses the varying slope of
Associate Profile
When a profile is associated to a PT code on the typical section, the control type will
control the alignment of the PT code. There are three control types used for associating a
profile: Slope, Offset, and Extend Slope.
Slope Control maintains the slope of the line segment drawn from the control PT code
toward the centerline. RoadCalc will extend the line segment, maintaining the drawn
slope while widening or shrinking the offset of the breakpoint until the profile elevation is
reached (see Figure 14-2 on page 307).
Offset Control maintains the drawn offset of the control PT code. RoadCalc adjusts the
slope of the typical section line segment drawn from the control PT code toward the
centerline to reach the same offset of the breakpoint as drawn on the typical section (see
Figure 14-2 on page 307).
Dynamic Typical
Associate Alignment and Profile
If an alignment and a profile are associated to the same PT code, then the control type
defaults to User-Defined. This means that RoadCalc adjusts the offset and elevation of
Figure 14-3 above is an example of when an alignment and profile would be associated to
the same PT code. In the example, an association is created with PT code 9. PT Code 9 is
associated with the EOP alignment and EOP profile. This defaults the control type to
2. Highlight the Single folder and click on the New Slope icon.
The system displays the New Single Slope dialog box.
11. Select Delta X, Delta Y from the Input Type drop list.
12. Type ! in the dX edit field.
13. Type !" in the dY edit field.
14. Click on Apply.
The system draws a line at a 1:12 slope in the preview window.
15. Type & in the dX edit field.
16. Type in the dY edit field.
When you are using ROW Correction you must indicate which type of ROW constraint
to use. RoadCalc handles two types of ROW constraints: Type 1 and Type 2.
Type 1 ROW applies a default slope. If the default slope ties within the ROW there are
no more attempts. If the default slope ties outside of the ROW corridor, RoadCalc
attempts to tie the slope into the original ground using a value between the default
slope and the maximum slope. The slope value that makes the typical section tie into
the ROW alignment is used (see Figure 14-11 on page 314). If the maximum slope
cannot tie within the ROW corridor, RoadCalc applies the maximum slope and
generates a warning during processing.
Dynamic Typical
applies the default slope to the toe of cutslope PT Code (4) and then widens the
typical section segment prior to the toe of cutslope PT Code such that the default
slope ties directly into the ROW alignment (see Figure 14-11 on page 314). The fill
condition goes through the same checks as the Type 1 ROW slope, thus the need for
entering the maximum slope.
If the actual catchpoint control line is to be a certain distance within the ROW line,
enter a buffer width to specify this distance. For example, if the ROW line follows a
´ Width: Width slopes are used when you want to have a slope that is a set distance (or
at a specified offset) from the toe to the catchpoint. Define a minimum and maximum
slope that should be used in order to tie the slope into original ground within some
specified width. The width is measured from the toe of the slope to the catchpoint.
RoadCalc keeps the slope between the specified minimum and maximum slopes by
varying the cut or fill slopes.
´ Clear Zone: The Clear Zone provides a recovery area for stray vehicles and is only
valid for fill conditions. The inputs allow for a clear area to be added to the processed
typical section if a certain depth of fill is obtained (the depth of fill is input in the
condition table). The Clear Zone slope type requires a clear distance and slope to
define the clear area. The final catchslope is input as a single slope value.
´ No Slope: No Slope is typically used to show bridge areas without catchslopes and
earthwork volumes. The No Slope category in the Slopes Library has a single default
entry of No Catch Slope. When you use the No Catch Slope option, the processed
typical sections will float above your original ground without slopes tying into the
original ground. Design Earthwork volumes will be zeroed out where the No Catch
Slope option is used.
Creating Conditions
Now we can use the slope that we just added to the Slopes Library to create a slope
condition. The slope condition defines what slope to use in cut and what slope to use in fill.
It also controls at what breakpoint on the typical section the slopes will be attached. We
7. Select Outermost Point from the At PT Code drop list and turn on Measured
Vertically from PT Code.
This tells the system from where to measure the depth and how to measure it. It can
be measured from the outermost point or any PT code on the typical section.
Measured Vertically from PT Code means that RoadCalc will measure to the surface
model at the location of the PT code.
8. Select Benching from the Slope Type drop list.
9. Select Benching 1/12 from the Slope Name drop list.
10. Select Outermost Point from the At PT Code drop list.
This tells the system to attach the Benching 1/12 slope at the outermost point of the
typical section. The slope can be applied to any PT code on the typical section.
11. Click on OK.
The slope for the Cut has been established to apply the 1/12 benching for any depths
of zero or greater.
12. Highlight Fill from the Material Conditions list in the New Condition Table dialog
box (Figure 14-13 on page 315).
13. Click on the Modify Condition icon to modify the default depth range.
The system displays the Modify Condition dialog box (above).
14. Select Outermost Point from the At PT Code drop list and toggle on Measured
Vertically from PT Code.
15. Select Single from the Slope Type drop list.
Design Locations
The typical section and conditions we created need to be assigned the locations where
they will be used. In our project, we have one typical section that we will use for the entire
Dynamic Typical
section at assigned locations. To assign the design locations, complete the following
steps:
1. Select Process Æ Edit Design Locations.
2. Click on the New Typical Section Location icon on the Typical Section
Locations part of the dialog box.
The system displays the New Typical Section Location dialog box.
ï At this point, the beginning and ending stations for the alignment, profile, and cross-
section data are displayed. You must have data for all three to be able to run the design.
3. Type !$å% in the Station edit field.
4. Select Standard 2 Lane from the Typical Section drop list.
5. Select Do not transition to next station from the Transition Type drop list.
Dynamic Typical
The system adds the condition table location to the list. The right, left, cut, and fill
slopes have now been defined for the typical section starting at 14+50.
11. Repeat steps 8-9 for Station 68+50 with Left and Right Condition Tables of 2:1
and click on OK.
12. Click on Close on the Edit Design Locations dialog box (Figure 14-15 on page
318).
15
2. Verify the Beginning and Ending stations for the Alignment, Profile, and Cross-
Sections Station Data.
You must have data for all three in order to run the design.
3. Accept the default Starting Station and the Ending Station of 14+50 and
89+48.78, respectively.
ï The Ending Station might be slightly different due to display rounding. Make sure to just
accept the default.
The system automatically defaults to the largest Process Station Range possible for
the given alignment, profile, and cross-section data.
4. Turn on Use Design Locations.
Warning 1 is the most common warning when no catchpoint is found. We will fix these
cross-sections so that the slopes will tie into the original ground.
8. Click on the Close button on the Describe Processing Warnings dialog box and
then click on the Cancel button on the Processing Warnings dialog box.
ï You can change the scale of the preview so that you can see more of the typical section
without scrolling up or down.
10. Select Slope Only from the Tie Using drop list for the Right Side.
This overwrites the slope designed in the slope condition. The system will break the
slope condition and allow for a user-defined slope.
11. Typeð°!â'% in the Slope edit field and select H/V from the drop list.
12. Toggle on Lock Station.
This will mark the station so that it cannot be overwritten when you run the design
again.
13. Click on the View Next Cross-Section icon.
affected portions of the roadway design so that your design cross-sections are current.
Station Note
16+00 Superelevation Transition
69+00 Culvert
6. Click on Close.
Pavement Volumes
RoadCalc reports the end area of every design surface at each cross-section and also
displays the average end area volume between sequential cross-sections. The pavement
volume displays the quantity placed for each design material specified along with a
material total at the end of the list and a grand total of all pavement material placed.
If you only have one design surface defined, the volume obtained is considered a design
earthwork volume. In order to get pavement volumes, you must have at least two design
surfaces defined in your typical sections.
Pay units are also displayed with the volumes. Unit weights and costs for each paving
material can be used to calculate a dollar amount for the material. The report can be
printed to a file that can be opened in a spreadsheet for further breakdowns for cost
estimates.
RoadCalc allows you to accurately display your pavement volumes by adjusting the
volumes for horizontal curvature. If you are checking RoadCalc’s pavement volumes with
those from hand-calculated volumes and they do not match, you may want to turn off the
adjustment for horizontal curvature. To view the pavement volumes and disable the
correction for horizontal curvature, complete the following steps:
1. Select Output Æ Volumes.
ï Note the Total Volumes at the end of the report. These are the total volumes with the
volumes adjusted for horizontal curves.
3. Click on the Settings button.
Printouts
Design Earthwork Volumes are the volumes that RoadCalc calculates when it applies the
lowest design surface to the top original surface. Both areas and volumes are generated
for the Design Earthwork surfaces, including separate sections where compaction is taken
into account.
The cut and fill volumes are the whole volumes of material placed and/or removed. The
compacted cut and fill volumes are the cross-section by cross-section listing of the amount
of material that is being cut or filled with the compaction factors being applied. It also
displays the mass ordinate at each cross-section so that you can determine the excess or
deficiency of material at the cross-sections locations.
Similar to the Pavement Volume report, the Design Earthwork report displays volumes for
each station, totals for each material, and totals for all cut and fill. To view the Design
Earthwork volumes, complete the following steps:
1. Select Design Earthwork from the Volume Type drop list on the Volume Reports
dialog box (Figure 16-1 on page 333).
2. Scroll through the list to check the volumes at the various stations.
3. Click on the Balance Points button.
The system displays the Balance Points dialog box.
Printouts
1. Select Output Æ Station and Coordinates.
The system displays the Station and Coordinates dialog box.
2. Verify that the Alignment and Profile drop lists are set to Centerline.
The report is created for the centerline alignment and profile. Any alignment or profile
in the sub-project can be used.
3. Type % ðin the Station Interval edit field.
This will give us the information about the centerline every 50 feet. Additional
individual stations can be added by clicking on the New Station icon.
4. Toggle on Include Curve Stations and Include Vertical Curve Stations.
If these are toggled on, the curve stations and vertical curve stations will also be
listed. They will be labeled accordingly.
5. Click on the Calculate button.
The system displays the report of stations and elevations for the centerline. This
report can be printed or cleared to start a new Station and Coordinates report.
If you click on the Draw Object button, the information from the report will be placed
into the drawing. This creates a 3-D line according to the stations and elevations. The
3-D line could be used to place Nodes on the object using the COGO product. The
Nodes could then be uploaded into the collector using the Data Collection product.
6. Click on Close.
Elevation/Depth at Offsets
The Elevation/Depth at Offsets command allows you to generate a report of the elevation
at any offset from any particular surface. You are also able to generate a report of the
depth between any two surfaces at any specified offset. RoadCalc interpolates the
elevations/depths from the surfaces based on the known breakpoints in the cross-section
information. If a surface was entered using instrument height/rod readings, that
information can also be displayed in the printout.
Cross-Section Staking
The Cross-Section Staking command allows you to create a report of the cut and fill
depths needed at specified offsets from the catchpoint and centerline. Other information
that is generated is the toe of backslope offset/elevation, catchpoint offset/elevation, toe
distance from stake, stake offset from centerline, and stake coordinates. You are able to
select which information to display in the report as well as the order in which to display the
information.
Cross-Section Sheets
With this option, RoadCalc takes the currently defined cross-sections and puts them into
a cross-section sheet. In addition to specifying several sheet criteria, you can also select
which cross-sections to plot on the sheet and save the criteria in a customized format. The
format can then be used in any sub-project.
ï If you have a customized border or block that you insert into cross-section sheets, you can
create a custom sheet prototype. Then the border or block will automatically be placed in
your cross-section sheets.
3. Click on OK to accept the default settings.
4. Select CAD Settings from the Format drop list and click on the Edit button.
The system displays the Edit Cross-Section CAD Settings dialog box (Figure 17-3 on
page 342). The CAD Settings control the layer/level, color, linetype/style, line width/
weight, text style/font, text size, and text rotation for every item in the cross-section
Graphics
41. Select Text Settings from the Format drop list and click on the Edit button.
The system displays the Edit Cross-Section Text Settings dialog box. This dialog box
controls all of the labels for the text placed in the cross-section sheet. Every item’s
label and location can be changed. The item can also be plotted.
2. Select Sheet Settings from the Format drop list and click on the Edit button.
The system displays the Edit Plan and Profile Sheet Settings dialog box (Figure 17-16
on page 351). This dialog box allows you to enter the geometry of the plan and profile
ï If you have a customized border or block that you insert into plan and profile sheets, you
can create a custom sheet prototype. The border or block will then be automatically
placed in your plan and profile sheets.
3. Click on the Sheet/Plan tab.
4. Type in the Sheet Overlap edit field.
This will set the sheets so that no information is repeated between sheets. If you
would like some overlap between sheets, enter the amount of overlap in stationing.
5. Click on the Profile tab.
6. Type "â% in the Datum Elevation Interval edit field.
This sets the incremental distance for the profile datum elevations located at both
ends of the profile.
7. Type ! in the Heavy Grid – Horizontal Line Spacing (Elevation Interval) edit
field.
8. Verify that 50 is entered in the Heavy Grid – Vertical Line Spacing (Station
Interval) edit field.
9. Type % in the Fine Grid – Horizontal Line Spacing (Elevation Interval) edit field.
13. Verify that 100 is entered for the Plan View Stationing – Major Interval and Minor
Interval edit fields.
14. Select Parallel from the Placement drop list.
15. Type % in the Offset edit field.
This is the perpendicular distance from the alignment that the text is placed. The value
is in plotted inches.
16. Type % in the Profile View Stationing – Minor Interval edit field.
17. Verify that Full is turned on for the Minor Format.
This controls the format of the minor stationing. The Full format will display the entire
minor interval, for example 22+00, 2+50, 23+00, 3+50, etc. The Partial format will only
display the major stationing, for example 18+00, 8, 19+00, 9, etc.
18. Click on OK to accept the default settings for the rest of the settings.
20. Highlight Ditch Right and click on the Modify Profile Annotation icon.
The system displays the Modify Profile Annotation dialog box.
31. Highlight North Arrow and click on the Modify Custom Symbol icon.
The system displays the Modify Custom Symbol dialog box. The Scale controls the
size of the symbol and the Symbol controls which symbol is placed.
2. Verify that 14+50 is entered in the Starting Station edit field and that 89+48.78 is
entered in the Ending Station edit field.
3. Toggle off View Sheets Upon Creation.
4. Click on OK.
The system automatically lists the sheets on the Plan and Profile Sheets dialog box
(Figure 17-15 on page 350).
ï The drawings for the sheets are not created until they are viewed.
5. Highlight Sheet Number 1 and click on the View Plan and Profile Sheet icon.
If prompted, save the changes to the current drawing.
6. Repeat step 5 to view any of the sheets listed.
If you click on the View All button, then all of the sheets will flash by on the screen as
they are created.
7. Click on Close.
Graphics
Adjust Plan and Profile Sheets
In some of the plan and profile sheets, the profile is not in view. As mentioned above, we
could adjust the plot scales to fit more of the profile in the view. We could also adjust the
profile view to see the important part of the profile. The Adjust Plan and Profile Sheets
command also allows you to adjust the whole sheet left and right, adjust the plan up or
down, or rotate the plan. To adjust a Plan and Profile sheet, complete the following steps:
1. Select Output Æ Adjust Plan and Profile Sheets.
The system displays the Adjust Plan and Profile Sheet dialog box.
2. Click on the Move Profile Up or Move Profile Down arrow icons to center the
profile view of the Plan and Profile sheet.
Graphics
Code command allows you to generate profiles from the PT codes on the typical sections.
At every station a typical section is applied, the elevation of the selected PT code is used
on the profile. We will extract the profile of the ditch on the left side to check the design. To
create the profile, complete the following steps:
1. Select Output Æ Profiles From PT Codes.
The system displays the Profiles from PT Codes dialog box.
Appendix A: General
ELEV Sets the default AutoCAD elevation.
DDEDIT Allows the editing of text in a drawing.
Information
PURGE Removes unused and extraneous information from the drawing database.
SAVETIME Sets the number of minutes between AutoCAD’s automatic save feature. A value of 0
(zero) disables automatic saving.
APERTURE Sets the size of the crosshair “pick box” that encloses entities in conjunction with
OSNAPS.
PREFERENCES Allows changes to the current AutoCAD configuration.
F2 Toggles between the graphic drawing and text commands.
F6 Toggles the coordinate display on or off.
F8 Toggles on Ortho mode, which is the ability to draw horizontal and vertical lines.
F9 Toggles the “snapping grid” on or off.
F10 Toggles the use of digitizer tablets on or off.
Appendix A: General
Active Level
Active Line Style
Information
Active Line Weight
Element Information
Start AccuDraw®
Appendix A: General
Information