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1. What distribution follows a bell-shaped curve?

A. F-distribution C. t-distribution
B. normal distribution D. λ2 distribution

2. T-test is preferred than z-test for inferences about a population mean because _____.
A. z can be used only for large samples
B. z requires the knowledge of the population standard deviation
C. z requires normality of the population
D. z requires data to be simple random samples from the population of interest

3. When n is smaller than 30, then the t-distribution _____.

A. is taller and narrower than the normal distribution
B. is identical in shape
C. is flatter and more spread out than the normal z-distribution
D. cannot be specified, making hypothesis tests impossible

4. In formulating hypothesis for a statistical test of significance, the null hypothesis is often _____.
A. a statement of “no effect” or “no difference”
B. a statement that the data are all 0
C. a statement that there is an effect or a difference
D. the probability of observing the data that the researcher actually obtained

5. In hypothesis testing, if the null hypothesis has been rejected when the alternative hypothesis has been true, then _____.
A. a correct decision has been made
B. a type I error has been committed
C. a type II error has been committed
D. either a type I or a type II error has been committed

6. A weather forecaster stated that the average temperature during January in Cebu is less than 28oC. A sample of 35 days in
January was taken. What is the correct set of hypotheses?
A. Ho: µ ≥ 28oC; H1: µ < 28oC
B. Ho: µ ≤ 28oC; H1: µ > 28oC
C. Ho: µ ≠ 28oC; H1: µ = 28oC
D. Ho: µ < 28oC; H1: µ > 28oC

7. A normal distribution always has a _____.

A. a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 0
B. a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1
C. a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10
D. a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15

8. If the level of significance of a hypothesis increased from 0.01 to 0.05, the probability of committing a type II error _____.
A. also increases from 0.01 to 0.05
B. decreases
C. increases then decreases
D. will not change

9. If a hypothesis is rejected at the 5% level of significance, it _____.

A. may not be accepted or not accepted at the 1% level of significance
B. will always be accepted at the 1% level of significance
C. will always be rejected at the 1% level of significance
D. will never be tested at the 1% level of significance

10. Suppose data are normally distributed with a mean of 120 and a standard deviation of 30. Between what two values will
approximately 68% of the data fall?
A. 30 and 210 C. 90 and 150
B. 60 and 180 D. 105 and 135

11. In a normal distribution, 95% of the scores are within plus or minus _____ standard deviation/s from the mean.
A. one C. three
B. two D. four

12. The region of rejection for a one-tailed test is _____.

A. always greater than 0.05
B. always greater than that for a two-tailed test
C. found in the tail that supports the null hypothesis
D. found in the tail that supports the alternative hypothesis
13. What determines how close the computed sample statistic has come to the hypothesized population parameter?
A. confidence coefficient C. sample size
B. level of significance D. test statistic

14. In a test of hypothesis, the probability of obtaining a value of the test statistic equal or even more extreme than the value
observed – given the null hypothesis is true is referred to as the _____.
A. statistical power C. type II error
B. type I error D. p-value

15. If one-tailed test for a proportion is being performed and the upper critical value is +2.33 and the test statistic or
computed value is equal to+1.37, then _____.
A. the null hypothesis should be accepted
B. the alternative hypothesis should be accepted
C. the null hypothesis should not be accepted
D. the sample size should be decreased

16. Conducting multiple t-tests can lead to _____.

A. decrease in type I error C. increase in type I error
B. decrease in type II error D. increase in type II error

17. If the nature of the problem shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected on the basis that the mean of the first group
is significantly better than the mean of the second group then _____ is used.
A. left-tailed hypothesis C. right-tailed hypothesis
B. one-tailed hypothesis D. two-tailed hypothesis

18. Under what circumstances is a t-statistic used instead of a z-score of a hypothesis?

A. when the population standard deviation and variance are known
B. when the population standard deviation and variance are not known
C. when the population standard deviation is known and the variance is not known
D. when the population standard deviation is not known and the variance is known

19. Compare the following statements:

I. The form of the null hypothesis varies depending on the test being conducted.
II. The confidence level determines the sample size to be used in the study.
A. Both statements are correct.
B. Both statements are incorrect.
C. Only the first statement is correct.
D. Only the second statement is correct.

20. Compare the two normal curves based on the following situation.
One normal curve has a mean of 21 and standard deviation of 3 while a second normal curve has a mean of 5 and standard
deviation of 10.
I. Both curves are equally spread out.
II. The first normal curve is more spread out.
III. The second normal curve is more spread out.
A. Only I is correct. C. Only III is correct.
B. Only II is correct. D. All statements are correct.

21. All of the statements are correct EXCEPT _____.

A. The t-distribution is symmetric about the mean.
B. The t-distribution is mound-shaped.
C. The t-distribution is more spread out than the standard normal distribution.
D. As the degrees of freedom get smaller, the t-distribution’s dispersion gets smaller.

22. What should be the value of M in the following distribution to have a mean of 7.2?
3, 5, 6, 4, M, 10, 1, 6.5, 5.2
A. 21.1 C. 23.1
B. 22.1 D. 24.1

23. According to the Central Limit Theorem, by the time the sample size reaches _____, the distribution is almost perfectly
normal.
A. less than 30 C. greater than 30
B. 30 D. less than and greater than 30

24. The distribution of sample means is almost perfectly normal if which of the following conditions is satisfied?
I. The population from which the samples are selected is a normal distribution.
II. The number or scores (n) in each sample is relatively large, around 30 or more.
A. I only C. I and II
B. II only D. none of the above
25. The sample mean means that, on average, the sample statistic produces a value that is exactly equal to the corresponding
__________.
A. population mean
B. population parameter
C. standard deviation of the population
D. standard deviation of the sample

26. The mean of the distribution of sample means is _____ the mean of the population from which the samples are selected.
A. dependent to C. greater than
B. equal to D. less than

27. Suppose a scientist is planning a research study to evaluate the effect of a new growth hormone. It is known that regular
adult rats (with no hormone) has a mean weight of 400 grams with a standard deviation of 20 grams. The scientist plans to
select a sample of 36 newborn rats, inject them with hormone and then measure their weights when they become adults.
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY supports the research study above?
I. It is a normal distribution, assuming that the distribution of the rat weights is normal.
II. It has a mean weight of 400 because the population mean for untreated rats is 400.
III. It has a standard error of  X  3.33.
A. I only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III

28-29. A population is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 12. For a sample of
36 scores from this population, what is the probability of obtaining a sample mean greater than 64?
A. 2.20% C. 2.28%
B. 2.24% D. 2.32%

30-31. The mean age of an automobile registered in the Land Transportation Office is 8 years or 96 months. Assume that the
age of automobiles is normally distributed and the standard deviation is 18 months. If a random sample of 49 automobiles is
selected, find the probability that the mean age of automobiles is between 90 and 100 months.
A. 0.9037 C. 0.9307
B. 0.9073 D. 0.9370

For numbers 32 to 35, please consider the following problem:

The table below gives the monthly budget (in thousands of pesos) of six households in a municipality. Suppose that random
sample of size 4 are taken from this population of six households.

Household Monthly Budget (in thousands of pesos)

A 28
B 8
C 12
D 20
E 16
F 24

32-33. Compute the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means.

A. 12 C. 16
B. 14 D. 18

34-35. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means?
A. 3.68 C. 6.83
B. 3.86 D. 8.36

36. A two-tailed test is one where _____ can lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. negative sample means
B. no results
C. results in either of two directions
D. results in only one direction

37. What test statistic has degrees of freedom?

A. z-test C. z-test and t-test
B. t-test D. neither z-test nor t-test

38. How much sample size should there be for a test-statistic to be approximated as z-test?
I. less than 30
II. equal to 30
III. greater than 30
A. I only C. I and II
B. II only D. none of the above
39. What is the main difference between the z-test and t-test?
A. In z-test, only the sample mean is needed.
B. In t-test, the population mean and standard deviation are needed.
C. In z-test, the population mean and standard deviation are needed.
D. The sample size is different between the two test-statistics.

40. One-tailed alternative hypotheses are stated in terms of _____.

I. ≠ II. < III. >
A. I and II C. II and III
B. I and III D. I, II and III

41. The level of significance is associated with the _____.

A. acceptance region
B. rejection region
C. acceptance and rejection regions
D. neither acceptance nor rejection region

42. An assumption made about the value of a population parameter is called a _____.
A. conclusion C. hypothesis
B. confidence D. significance value

43. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about _____.

A. population parameter C. sample parameter
B. population statistics D. sample statistics

44. Which of the following is TRUE about null and alternative hypotheses?
A. Null and alternative hypotheses must be true.
B. Exactly one of the hypotheses must be true.
C. It is possible for null and alternative hypotheses to be true.
D. It is possible for neither hypothesis to be true.
45. A known sample mean is an estimate of the unknown _____.
A. population mean C. probability level
B. population standard deviation D. sample size

46-47. Suppose the alternative hypothesis in a hypothesis test is “The population mean is greater than 70.” If the sample size
is 65 and the level of significance is 0.05, then the critical value of z is _____.
A. -1.96 C. 1.65
B. -1.65 D. 2.58

48. If the computed value of test-statistic is greater than the critical value in a non-directional test, _____.
A. accept the null hypothesis and reject the alternative hypothesis
B. Type I error is committed
C. Type II error is committed
D. reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis

49-50. The Human Resource Office of one university claims that the average monthly salary of their instructors is Php21750
with a standard deviation of Php6000. A faculty researcher takes a random sample of 75 college instructors and found out
that the mean monthly salary of college instructors is Php 19375. Test the claim at 5% level of significance.
A. -3.34 C. -4.33
B. -3.43 D. -4.34

END OF THE FINAL EXAMINATION