MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT

BSMH 5213 – SAFETY MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNEMENT 3 – THE BEST SAFETY MANAGEMENT

PRACTICE

Lecture

Name Muhamad Farid Bin Mustafa

I/C & Phone num. 940925-14-5261 / 012-3261154

Matric Num. 826988

Content Page

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Literature Review

4. Investigation Report

5. Discussion & Recommendation

6. Conclusion

7. References
TABLE OF CONTENT
 ABSTRACT

Safety is one of the most priority aspect in the organization. The top management and
workers should increase the awareness to create a conducive working environment.
Nowadays most of the company frequently implement the safety practise in their
organization. In Malaysia, safety requirement is one of the most component in the
organization. The purpose for the safety in the organization initially to fulfil the legal
requirement but recently it’s become the added value for some organization especially the
high-risk industry and manufacturing. Besides can increase the organization performance, it’s
also recommended to the organization to implement safety in order to gain public trust for the
investment. The main objective for the literature review is to provide a description of the
existing output on the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety in management
system which bring direct as well as indirect effect on the performance and keep the
sustainability of the organization especially in Malaysia. In this review also include the
discussion about the impact from the research and also the research gaps for future study.
 INTRODUCTION

In the context of occupational health, a health and safety risk are an evaluation of risks that
might cause harm, injury, death, or disease to a person in a specific job. Despite the fact that
these hazards are listed separately, they are taken into account in combination with one
another. A health and safety risk assessment are based on the physical circumstances in
which a worker develops a specific unfavourable reaction. Furthermore, A health and safety
risk is determined by the likelihood that any worker may be hurt by a specific danger, which
might be high or low. A risk is defined as everything that can damage a worker in the
workplace, including chemicals, electrical dangers, radioactivity, biological hazards,
employee conduct, and other variables. Employers frequently conduct risk assessments to
identify potential hazards at a specific location.

Nowadays, the construction sector brings most of the safety impact in the society.
Safety is the most priority aspect in the organization. The awareness of implementation of
safety in our local industries still not in the better level. Thus, the lower of the
implementation of safety the higher the rate of incident in the working environment. Besides
the full awareness, the readiness and the capability of the top management to provide the full
Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE). The primary objective of workplace safety and health
management is to avoid workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths, as well as the pain and
financial burden that these occurrences may create for workers, their families, and employers.
The suggested methods take a proactive approach to workplace safety and health
management.

Traditional techniques are frequently reactive, in the sense that problems are
addressed only after a worker is hurt or becomes ill, a new standard or rule is issued, or an
outside inspection uncovers a flaw that has to be corrected. These best practises understand
that identifying and correcting risks before they cause damage or disease is a significantly
more successful strategy. The aim is to start with a basic programme and simple objectives
and work your way up. The workplace environment can advance along the route to higher
levels of safety and health accomplishment if the company begins to focus on accomplishing
goals, monitoring performance, and assessing outcomes.
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.0 Accident at Construction Site

Undesired situation that bring the consequences in physical harm or damage of property can
be defined as an Accidents (SAEED, 2017). Accident at construction area is frequently occur
whether it is reported or not. Nowadays, the construction area is known as one of the
contributor in terms of accidents at working area (A. R.A. Hamid et al., 2019). In Malaysia,
the construction sector contributes high accidents risk that lead to the fatalities among the
general workers and also create a great consequences to the companies (Chim et al., 2018).
There are 6 common types of accidents that happen in the construction sites in Malaysia is
been recorded between 201 to 2017 which include falling from height and into dangerous
location (38 cases), struck by an object at construction area (32 cases) and trapped by
building material (16 cases). Besides that, some cases also included which is electrocution,
buried under collapsed holes and inhalation of poisonous gas which brings 6,5 and 2 cases
respectively (Chim et al., 2018).

3.1 Factor of The Accident at Construction Site

The unsafe behaviour at construction among the general workers will lead to an accident. It’s
also contribute 10% for an accident at working area (SAEED, 2017). Based on the (Abdul
Rahim Abdul Hamid et al., 2008) the most accident occur in the working site is the outcome
from the combination of causes and unsafe behaviour of the workers in the addition of the
site condition. The lack of training and knowledge also with the monitoring schedule from
the top management also contribute to the factor of an accidents to happen at construction site
besides it shows that less cultural of safety for security practise (A. R.A. Hamid et al., 2019).
In the opinion of (Ali et al., 2010), its clearly conclude that the unsafe acts behaviour and
working environment contribute to the primary causes of an accidents that cover both human
and physical factors.

3.2 Safety Implementation at Construction Site

Construction company need to gain awareness regarding the safety implementation in the
organization. Safety equipment is the main core for the safety implementation at construction
site besides the safety policy for the proper administration purposes (Vitharana et al., 2015).
Safety measure at construction site can be implemented to produce safe working environment
that can produce the positive outcome for the safety and health to the workers (Ali et al.,
2010). The attitude from the top management and general workers towards the
implementation on safety at workplace can helps to improve the safety environment at the
construction area (Vitharana et al., 2015). The responsibility by the top management to gain
the understanding and the awareness regarding the safety in the working area will help to
increase the safety awareness among the workers in order to create the safe working
environment in the organization (Omran et al., 2008).

3.3 Competitiveness and Construction Company Performance

There is much positive impact can be obtained from the implementation of safety practice at
construction area. The safety implementation can help the company to measure the
competitiveness including the market value, cost impact and targeted market (Kornelius,
2018). The author also determines to explain that the implementation of safety in the
management can assure the company to gain significant impact in the construction market
growth and also measuring the financial indicator. The ultimate impact from the safety
implementation according to the (Razali, 2018) which conclude that its will reduce any
chances of an accident occur in the construction area.
4.0 INVESTIGATION REPORT
The data collected from the interview session and questionnaire respondent from the staff and
the top management of the company. The total respondent is 170 staff including 20 persons
from the top management. Based on the data collected, the awareness of safety and health
among the workers and the top management is high. Beside that, the data also reveal the
actions from the top management towards the awareness of safety and health among the
office and site staff.

The question for the questionnaire includes the understanding of Safety and Health at
workplace, the level of awareness of Safety and Health among the office and site workers and
the safety awareness programme from the top management of the company. The data
collection and analysis as shown on the chart below.

PPE Determine the Awareness of HSE

27%

52%

21%

Yes No Not Sure

Figure 1: The data analysis for Safety & Health Definition & Awareness

Based on the figure 1 above, 52% from the respondent answer yes for the safety and health
definition which the question is does the full Protective Personnel Equipment (PPE) can
determine the awareness of Safety and Health at workplace? The rest of 21% from the total
staff conclude that the full PPE does not determine the full awareness of safety and health at
workplace while the remaining 27% answer not sure from the question. This shows that the
understanding of Safety and Health among the workers is high because the definition of
safety are not based on the full equipment of PPE but includes the knowledge and safety
behaviour at the workplace.

Awareness of HSE at Construction Site

22%

78%

Yes No Not Sure

Figure 2: The awareness of HSE at construction area

The result as shown on the figure 2 above determine that the level of awareness among the
site workers is high. The total of 78% from the total staff agree that they have a high level of
safety and health awareness at the construction site while the remaining 22% indicates not
aware for the safety and health at the construction area. The level of awareness can be
determined by referring the understanding of the staff in safety management, health
management and the safety behaviour of the workers at the construction area.
 M ai n C au s e o f A c c i d e n t at C o n s t r u c ti o n A r e a

Fail to follow the safety procedure 93

Not use of PPE at site 23

Lack of awareness of safety 54

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Figure 3: Bar chart for main cause of accident at construction area

Based on the figure 3 above, its indicate that the main reason for the accident occur at
construction area is failed to follow the safety procedure at site. The safety procedure
including the usage of tools and machinery at site. The safety precaution for using certain
tools is important to maintain the safety and health among the workers. The figure above
also indicates the lack of awareness on safety and health can contribute to the accident to
occur at the construction area. The usage of proper PPE can increase the safety of the general
workers and can contribute to the safe working environment.

Which PPE Less Used in Construction Site

180

160
160
140

120

100

80

60

40

20
0 0
0 10
Safety Helmet Safety Google Safety Boots Safety Vest

Figure 4: Which PPE less used in Construction Site

The graph above indicates the list of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that being used in
the construction area. The figure above shows the usage of safety google is less used in the
construction area. The type of construction, the usage of PPE at construction area and the
lack of awareness to provide the full PPE are the main factor of less usage of safety google in
construction area. Safety vest is mostly use for road and highway or nearby construction area
and working at confine space or area. Thus, the less usage of safety vest is normal for the
building construction and daylight working hour only.

The figure 5 below indicates the survey regarding the top management to provide the HSE
training to the general workers to increase the level of awareness of safety and health among
the workers. Most of the top management agree to provide the HSE training among the
workers while the remaining six (6) person state that does not agree and not sure to provide
the training to their workers. The importance of providing the training is to create a safety
environment at the working area besides to increase the knowledge about safety and health at
the workplace.

Top Management to provides HSE Training

Not Sure

Not Agree

Agree

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure 5: Top Management to provide Safety Training

Based on the figure 6 below, its shows that the top management of the company agree to
provide the full Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) to the site staff. Its indicate that the
level of awareness of the top management to encourage the safety and health in the working
area is high. However, there are some of the respondents does not agree to provide full PPE
to the site staff because they need to revise the financial capacity of the company. At last, the
top management need to completely provide the protective equipment to the site general
workers to ensure a safe and healthy working environment to the staff.

Top Management provide full PPE

12

10

0
Agree Not Agree Not Sure

Figure 6: Top management to provide the full PPE

5.0 DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATION

The importance of creating a safety working environment can generate a higher productivity
that can increase the public trust of the organization and company. Based on the outcome of
the survey and interview from the private company, its shows that the level of the awareness
regarding the implementation of safety in working culture is high. The public trust and the
financial condition of the company also will increase due to the high public trust towards the
company to manage the construction.

In addition, from the interview outcome, its also can be conclude that there are several
aspects to increase the level of safety and health at construction area. The main aspect is
awareness and training. It is the development supervisors’ and site staff task to ensure that
each labourer knows about the perils that accompany dealing with a building site and they
should shield laborers from these risks. Any director that neglects to enlighten their team and
staff concerning how to try not to get injured and how to guarantee wellbeing is coming up
short as a chief. Guaranteeing the security of the development laborers and everybody on the
site ought to be the main need of any development supervisor. On the off chance that the
specialists have no understanding of building site wellbeing, they shouldn't be permitted on
the building site. However, most of a development labourer’s abilities can be acquired at
work, security is one range of abilities that is best scholarly before works enter the building
site.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and different associations
distribute a few assets to help organizations train their new workers on standard wellbeing
and security works on, including handouts, worksheets, preparing recordings, and
surprisingly on location preparing openings. Experienced laborers ought to be relied upon to
invigorate their insight into standard security by going to normal instructional courses
consistently. These instructional courses can go over straightforward things, for example, fall
insurance and legitimate utilization of stepping stools, yet the objective is to ensure
everybody is satisfactorily prepared. Leaving these instructional courses, laborers should
know what security measure to do on account of an occurrence.

Even though laborers are required to go to standard security instructional meetings about
development wellbeing consistently, having the option to rehearse wellbeing preparing
abilities on location would help development laborers uphold the wellbeing rules. Rehearsing
building site security preparing abilities on location will constrain laborers to rehearse these
abilities in a climate where wellbeing is fundamental and will ensure they are prepared.
Without the legitimate preparing, development laborers can be handily harmed or even killed.
In such a climate where wounds and fatalities are almost certain, preparation is vital and will
forestall things like working environment wounds that will hurt you morally and financially.

The next aspect is proper documentation and communication among the staff towards the
implementation of safety environment at the working area. To authorize building site security
and safety, the company or the organization need to ensure that all staff have legitimate
documentation of all that will be done nearby. There are some lawful circles most
development organizations should do through to start building, and it is fundamental that all
legitimate enlistments and licenses are procured before work starts. Managers and workers
for hire who will be accused of especially troublesome assignments, such as impacting,
absolutely ought to give proof of their affirmation well ahead of their work hands in the
vicinity. In addition to the fact that this prevents mishaps because of ill-advised preparing,
thus it shields the development firm from legitimate activity and public examination. Any
security dangers that advance toward the media will search terrible for development firms.
The proper usage of PPE and site equipment also parts of the main component to produce a
safety and health working environment. To make a culture revolved around building site
security, the top management need to give laborers the appropriate hardware and sufficient
workspace for the current task. Without the appropriate gear, the general workers can't have
building site wellbeing on the grounds that there will consistently be a chance to get harmed
utilizing some unacceptable hardware. Development laborers furnished with ill-advised stuff
will undoubtedly make lethal blunders. Not exclusively should each piece of hardware hands
on location be undeniably fit to the job needing to be done, yet development firms need to
ensure that all apparatus and material are very much kept up with.

Development organizations should likewise consider gear that doesn't straightforwardly add
to the development project. Laborers ought to have a lot of water accessible on location just
as an obscure spot to forestall lack of hydration and openness related sicknesses. Longer
development undertakings might even profit with texture constructions to store hardware and
cover fragmented destinations. Such straightforward things can be barely noticeable, and in
case they will be, they increment the possibility of on location injury. Appropriate
development gear guarantees that there is basically some degree of building site security
inside the development firm.

The last two main aspect to create a safety environment are supervision and transparency
among the staff and top management. Preferably, development laborers would completely
comprehend the implications of insufficient wellbeing precautionary measures and hence act
in a way to guarantee site-wide prosperity, however this is certainly not an ideal world. Each
site should have a solid manager who is willing and fit for authorizing security norms without
any special cases. This foreman should monitor all workers for the duration of the day and
right the individuals who neglect to focus on appropriate building site wellbeing
methodology.

The most noticeably awful thing any development firm can accomplish for its standing is
endeavouring a concealment. Concealing misfortunes from the media and the public not just
brings down the assessment of a solitary undertaking it paints the structure business in
general in a negative light. Eventually, individuals comprehend those accidents occur, and if
project workers are putting forth a valiant effort to cultivate a protected climate for their
laborers, any mishaps that do happen will just attach to the developing need to expand present
day security methods. Honesty, together with the other seven practices on this rundown, will
help development all in all become a more secure industry in which to work. A more secure
development industry is an industry of less wounds, less work environment mishaps, and less
passing. A development industry that completely uses its building site security rehearses is
the sort of industry they should be pursuing.

At last, building site mishaps likewise drive up the general expense of your undertaking.
Regularly gear or supplies are harmed, and your overhead will increment. For harmed
laborers, specialist's pay cases can expand complete working expenses. On the off chance that
the individual harmed isn't essential for the development organization, a claim is possible.
Protecting the building site helps limit this danger, so your venture can complete on schedule
and spending plan.

6.0 CONCLUSION
The overall outcome in this research is the safety and health implementation bring a good
result to the construction industries. In addition, the management need to increase the
awareness about the safety and health management in order to increase the productivity, to
reduce the cost impact and the gaining trust in the market area. Safety measure need to be
included to increase the safety environment in the working area. The top management also
need to allocate the financial reserve to prepare the complete equipment for safety purposes.
In conclusion, the safety implementation in the top management and the organization will
affect in the positive result of the company and increase the level of competitiveness in the
construction and manufacturing markets.

Based on the date analysis, the top management should increase the awareness of safety and
health at workplace to overcome any incident and near miss happen at the construction area.
Furthermore, many of incident occur due to the lack of safety awareness at the construction
area. The top management should allocate the budget for safety and health purposed to
increase the confident and trust by building a safe working environment and overcome s
safety and incident issue at the construction area. The top management should understand the
linking between the financial capacity increment and the high level of safety and health
implementation in the organization.

The organization nowadays are fully understood and aware the higher level of public trust
can improve and increase the financial capabilities of the company. Thus, its shows that the
safety and health implementation is very important and bring a better impact to the company.
The management also need to fully responsible for the safety and health among the workers.
Full equipment of PPE needs to be applied in the construction area and should be given from
the top management to their workers.

At last, the linking of financial increment capability depend on the managing of proper safety
and health is relevant due to the cost impact of incident and compensation cost impact to the
workers if the organization neglect to the safe working environment. The significance of
establishing a security working climate can create a higher efficiency that can expand the
public trust of the association and friends. In view of the result of the study and meeting from
the privately owned business, its shows that the level of the mindfulness with respect to the
execution of security in working society is high. The public trust and the monetary state of
the organization additionally will increment because of the great public trust towards the
organization to deal with the development.
7.0 REFERENCES
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Prevention In Malaysian Construction Industry. Journal of Design + Build, 3(3), 95–
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Chim, B. L. H., Chun, C. J., & Wah, F. K. (2018). Accidents in Construction Sites: A Study
on the Causes and Preventive Approaches to Mitigate Accident Rate. Inti Jurnal, 1(3),
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Hamid, A. R.A., Noor Azmi, M. R. A., Aminudin, E., Jaya, R. P., Zakaria, R., Zawawi, A. M.
M., Yahya, K., Haron, Z., Yunus, R., & Saar, C. C. (2019). Causes of fatal construction
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Hamid, Abdul Rahim Abdul, Singh, B., & Majid, M. Z. A. (2008). Causes of accidents at
construction sites Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid , Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid , Bachan Singh.
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 20 (2)(August 2014), 242–259.
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Kornelius, H. (2018). Linking Occupational Health and Safety Management to Sustainable

Competitive Advantage of the Firm. Journal of Economics and Business, 1(4), 577–583.
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Omran, A., Muftah, M., Said, I., & Abdul Aziz, H. (2008). Implementation Of Safety
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Razali, N. A. (2018). A Study On Safety Management Practices And Safety Performance.

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SAEED, Y. S. (2017). Safety Management in Construction Projects. The Journal of The

University of Duhok, 20(1), 546–560. https://doi.org/10.26682/sjuod.2017.20.1.48

Vitharana, V. H. P., De Silva, G. H. M. J. S., & De Silva, S. (2015). Health hazards, risk and
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