1.

Buatlah tabel reaksi identifikasi kation untuksetiap golongan sesuai dengan pereaksi
pereaksi yang digunakan pada tabel dibawah ini (lihat diktat kimia dasar dan buku Vogel
kualitatif)
2. Tulis semua reaksi yang terjadi antara pereaksi – pereaksi yang digunakan dan kation
– kationnya

Kation Golonga I
Ag+
1) HCL + Ag+ → AgCl ↓ + Cl-

2) NaOH + Ag+ → AgOH ↓ + Cl-

AgOH↓ + NaOH ↛
3) NH4OH + Ag+ → AgOH↓ + NH4+
AgOH↓ + NH4OH → [Ag(OH)2]- + NH4+
4) KI + Ag+ → AgI ↓+ K+
AgI↓ + KI ↛
5) K2Cr O4 + 2 Ag+ → Ag2CrO4 + 2K+
Ag2CrO4 ↓ + NH4OH
Ag2CrO4 ↓ + HCL → AgCl ↓ + H2CrO4
6) H2SO4 + 2Ag+ → Ag2SO4 + 2H+

Pb2+
1) 2HCL + Pb2+ → PbCl2 ↓ + 2H+

2) 2NaOH + Pb2+ → Pb(OH)2 ↓ + 2Na+

Pb(OH)2 ↓ + NaOH → Na+ + [Pb(OH)3]+
3) NH4OH + Pb2+ → Pb(OH)2 ↓ + NH4+
Pb(OH)2 ↓ + NH4OH ↛
4) 2KI + Pb2+ → PbI2 ↓ + 2K+
Pb I2 ↓ + KI ↛
5) K2CrO4 + Pb2+ → PbCrO4 ↓ + 2K+
PbCrO4 ↓ + NH4OH
PbCrO4 ↓ + HCL
 6) H2SO4 + Pb2+ → PbSO4 ↓ + 2H+

Hg22+
1) 2HCL + Hg22+ → HgCL2 ↓ + 2H+

2) 2NaOH + Hg22+ → Hg2(OH)2 ↓ + 2Na+

Hg2(OH)2 ↓ + NaOH ↛
3) 2NH4OH + Hg22+ → Hg2(OH)2 ↓ + 2NH4+
Hg2(OH)2 ↓ + NH4OH
4) 2KI + Hg22+ → Hg2I2 ↓ + 2NH4+
Hg2I2 ↓+ KI → [Hg2I4]- + K+
5) K2CrO4 + Hg22+ → Hg2CrO4 ↓ + 2K+
Hg2CrO4 ↓ + 2NH4OH → (NH4)2CrO4 ↓ + Hg2(OH)2
Hg2CrO4 ↓ + HCL →
H2SO4 + Hg22+ →

KATION GOLONGAN II

BI3+

1) NaOH

Bi3+ + 3NaOH → Bi(OH)3 + 3Na+

2) NH4OH

Bi3+ + 3NH4OH → Bi(OH)3 + 3NH4+

3) KI

Bi3+ + 3KI = Bi I3 + 3K+

4) Na2S

Bi3+ + 3Na2S → BiS3 + 3Na2+

Cu2+

1) NaOH

Cu2+ + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ + 2Na+

2) Cu(OH)2 + NaOH → Na[Cu(OH)3]

3) NH4OH

Cu2+ + 2NH4OH → Cu(OH)2 ↓ + 2NH4+

Cu(OH)2 + NH4OH → NH4[Cu(OH)3]

4) KI

Cu2+ + 2KI → Cu I2 ↓ + 2K+

Cu I2 + KI → K(Cu I2)

Cd