Lecture 3 – Section and Auxiliary View

MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
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Sketches Section View
Section views are produced to:
• clarify details
• show internal features clearly
• reduce number of hidden detail lines required
• aid dimensioning
• show cross-section shape
• clarify an assembly

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Sketches Section View
To show the inside details of a component it is imagined
to be cut or sectioned along a plane, the cutting plane.
Cutting planes are designated with capital letters, such as
A-A.

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Sketches Cutting Plane
The “Cutting Plane” is a flat surface that identifies:
• Which section of the object is to be shown
• The path of the imaginary cut through the object

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Sketches Section View
Show figure illustrates
the proper technique
that should be used to
show a section view.
A. A correctly drawn section view
which uses both object and
section lines.
B. An improperly drawn section
view where the hidden lines
have not been replaced with
object lines.
C. A normal multi view
projection of the part.

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Sketches Section View
• The arrows indicate the direction to view the
component when defining the sectioned view.
• Note that First or Third angle orthographic projection
systems are still used and are indicated by use of the
appropriate symbols.

1st Angle Projection 3rd Angle Projection

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Sketches Hatching Line
• Hatch lines should never be drawn parallel to the edge
of an object.
• Hatching lines is thin and unbroken, angled at 45° to the
base edge.
• The spacing between hatching lines is 5 mm equidistant.

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Sketches Hatching Line
• Assembled work pieces are identified by opposite or
varied shading.
• Section areas of one object are always shaded in the
same direction.
• The smaller the section area the closer the shading lines.

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Sketches Sectioning Exceptions
There are some exceptions
to the general rules of
sectioning:
• Webs, Ribs
• Shafts, Keys, Rods, Spindles
• Bolts/Nuts, Washers
• Rivets, Dowels, Pins
These parts would not be
shown as sections if their
center lines lie on the cutting
plane.

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Sketches Sectioning Exceptions
Shaft and Web Sections

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Sketches Full Section
A Full Section view shows the object as if one half of the
object was removed.

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Sketches Half Section
A Half Section view is used to show the object as if one
quarter of the object was removed.

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Sketches Broken Section
A Broken Section view is used to show the material
thickness of a hollow object, but less than half section.

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Sketches Offset Section
A Offset Section use a cutting plane that jogs to pick up
valuable features of the part.

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Sketches Assembly Section
An Assembly Section is used to show the arrangement
and relationship of parts that makeup an object.

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Sketches Terminology
Here are some examples of commonly used engineering
components and features of components.

• Housing/Bush/Bearing
• Boss/Curved Slot
• Ribs/Fillets
• Keys/Key way
• Bolts, screws & studs
• Screw Threads
• Holes

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Sketches Terminology
• Housing
A component into
which a 'male' mating
part fits, sits or is
'housed'.

• Bush/Bearing
A removable sleeve or
liner. Known also as a
simple or plane
bearing.

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Sketches Terminology
• Boss
A cylindrical projection
on surface of
component.

• Curved Slot
Elongated hole, whose
centerline lies on an
arc. Used usually on
components requiring
adjustment.

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Sketches Terminology
• Ribs
A reinforcement,
positioned to stiffen
surfaces.

• Fillets
A radius or rounded
portion suppressing a
sharp internal corner.

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Sketches Terminology
• Key
A small block or wedge
inserted between a shaft
and a mating part (a hub).
Used to prevent relative
rotation of the two parts.

• Key way
A parallel sided slot or
groove cut into a bore or a
shaft, to 'house' a mating
key.
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Sketches Standard Components
• Bolts, screws & studs
Threaded fasteners.
Bolts have a shank
partially threaded,
whereas screws are
threaded along the
entire length.

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Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Female thread, through: Usually drilled and tapped.

Female thread, blind: Usually drilled and tapped.

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Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Male thread: Usually cut with a die, turned or rolled.
Note use of undercut or groove and appearance of
thread in sectioned view.

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Sketches Terminology
• Screw Threads
Male & Female: e.g. a fastener in a tapped hole. Note
here that the tapped hole is sectioned, the fastener is
not.

End of thread is
sometimes not
shown with this
angled line.

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Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Drilled: Loose tolerance, for pilot holes or clearance
holes for fasteners.

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Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Reamed: Accurate finishing process after drilling or
boring.

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Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Counterbore: Usually used to recess the head of a
square shouldered fastener.

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Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Countersunk: Usually used to recess the head of a
countersink screw.

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Sketches Terminology
• Holes
Spotface: Used to clean up and level the surrounding
area, usually for a fastener or something such as a
hydraulic fitting using a seal.

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Sketches Other Sections

Curved Cutting Section Revolve Section

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Sketches Other Sections

Interposed Section Remove Section

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Sketches Auxiliary View
An Auxiliary View is used to determine the true shape of
a surface inclined at an angle to the principal projection
planes.

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Sketches Auxiliary View
• Using a folding-line method
• The folding-lines are the hinges of a glass box

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Sketches Auxiliary View
• Box is flattened out – note distance X remains
unchanged from the folding-lines

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Sketches Auxiliary View
• In practice we do this:

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Sketches Auxiliary View
• Technique to create auxiliary views:

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Sketches Auxiliary View
• Views can be positioned as a projected view, a removed
view or as a rotated and removed view.

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Sketches Section/Auxiliary View
• Try yourself

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 The End

MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
Lim Chin Guan 39