Lecture 2 – Orthographic Projection

MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
Lim Chin Guan 1
Sketches Orthographic Projection
• Orthographic projection is the graphical method used in
modern engineering drawing.

• In order to interpret and communicate with engineering

drawings, a designer must understanding and a clear
vision of how the various projections are created.

• The word orthographic means to draw at right angles

and is derived from the Greek words:
ORTHOS - straight, rectangular, upright
GRAPHOS - written, drawn

Lim Chin Guan 2

Sketches Multi-Projection Views
• 3-D objects

• True Features
Dimensions

• Lines of sight
perpendicular to
viewing direction

• Parallel features will

always appear parallel
in all views

Lim Chin Guan 3

Sketches Orthographic Projection
When producing an orthographic drawing, you will
generally produce three views:
• Front Elevation
This is the view looking straight
on at the front of the object.
This view normally carries
most of the dimensions.
• Top/Plan Elevation
This is the view looking directly
down on top of the object.
• End/Side Elevation
This is either or sometimes
both the remaining side views.
Lim Chin Guan 4
Sketches Orthographic Projection
• Projections created
with the object placed
in the first quadrant
are said to be in First
Angle projection.

• Projections created
with the object placed
in the third quadrant
are said to be in Third
Angle projection.

Lim Chin Guan 5

Sketches First Angle Projection
Order of drawing views :
• You look through the object (CONE) and place image
(object first then the image) EYE > OBJECT > IMAGE
• Viewing from the left: The drawn image on the right is
your view of the drawn object on the left.

1st Angle Projection

Symbol

Lim Chin Guan 6

Sketches Third Angle Projection
Order of drawing views :
• You put the image before the object (cone)
(image first then the object) EYE > IMAGE > OBJECT
• Viewing from the left: The drawn image on the left is
your view of the drawn object on the right

3rd Angle Projection

Symbol

Lim Chin Guan 7

Sketches Projection Symbol
Both First and Third Angle Projection are approved
internationally and have equal status. The system used
must be clearly indicated on every drawing, using the
appropriate symbol shown below.

Lim Chin Guan 8

Sketches 1st versus 3rd Angle
They differ only in the layout of the plan, front and
side views.

Lim Chin Guan 9

Sketches 6 Main Orthographic Views

Lim Chin Guan 10

Sketches Create 1st Angle Drawing

•1st Pick Front View (F)

•2nd Pick Top View (P)
•3rd Pick Side View (R)
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Sketches Example 1st Angle Drawing

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Sketches Create 3rd Angle Drawing

Width

Top View Depth

Right
Front View Side Height
View

Lim Chin Guan 13

Sketches Example 3rd Angle Drawing

Lim Chin Guan 14

 The End

MENG1110
Introduction To Mechanical Engineering Design
Lim Chin Guan 15