TECHNICAL

DRAWING- I
 DIMENSIONING 2

0.002= 2 mm
0.02= 2cm
0.2= 2 meters
TECHNICAL TERMS

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Angles – refers to the space or opening between two straight lines
that meet.
Oval – is elliptical shapes that resembles an egg.
Symmetrical – is a balanced arrangement between two sides.
Principles – are guiding rules to follow.
Parallel – is a perpendicular line equidistant from each other at all
points.
Projection – is a line or object that shows a distance.
Circle – is a plane figure bounded by circumference which is
equidistant
From a common point, the center.
Arc – is a portion or a segment of a circumference of the
circle.
Picture Plane- is a location wherein the top view must be
drawn.
Horizon Line- a line wherein the vanishing point must be
located.
Ground Line- a line wherein the front view must be drawn.
Vanishing Point- a point wherein the vanishing line must be
projected. 4
Vanishing lines- these lines are used to project the horizontal
edges of the
object in order to make the object foreshortened.
These
these lines are also called “receding lines”
Station Point- This is an imaginary point of the observer or
viewer of an
object.
Bird’s Eye View- The object is viewed above the eye level of the
observer.
Eye level- The object is viewed within the eye level of the
observer. 5
Ant’s View- The object is viewed below the eye level of the
observer.
LO1. Construct isometric drawing
Axonometric Drawing is a pictorial drawing which shows the
front side and top faces of an object in one view. The receding
lines in isometric are always parallel.

Three Divisions of Axonometric Drawing:

o Isometric
o Dimetric
o Trimetric drawing 6
Pictorial Drawing is used to
communicate ideas which cannot be
described easily in words. It is used
by engineers, architects and all types
of designers and drafters to illustrate
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the size and shape of an object.
 Ellipse is a closed curve in the form of a symmetrical oval.

Principles of Ellipse Drawing:

1.Isometric circles are drawn by drawing first the isometric

square which surrounds the given circle.

2. The four center ellipse procedure is sufficient for isometric

circle. 8
ISOMETRIC DRAWING

Isometric drawing is a three-dimensional

representation of an object.

Isometric drawing comes from the Greek ίσο

μέτρο "íso metro," meaning equal measure.
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 The Space Dimension
 This refers to the three
dimension standards of the
pictorial view such as: height,
width, and depth.
 Height is the distance
elevation from top to bottom.
 Width is the distance from
left side to the right side.
 Depth is the distance from
front to rear. 10
PROBLEM
NO. 01

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PLATE
NO. 01

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 Principles of Isometric, Dimetric and Trimetric
Drawing

o Isometric - All receding edges are 30º.

o Dimetric - One receding edge is 15º and the other one
is 45º.
o Trimetric - All receding edges are 15º.
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 Three types of pictorial
Projection
Axonometric- projection
Kinds of axonometric projection

• dimetric pictorial projection isometric pictorial

projection

trimetric pictorial projection 14

Principles of Oblique Drawing:

1.The longest measurement should be placed in front

2.Irregular shapes of the object should be placed in front
to minimize distortion
3.Arcs and circles in objects should be placed in front to
minimize distortion.
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 Oblique Drawing is a pictorial
drawing in which the front plane is
parallel to the plane of projection.

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LO2. Construct oblique drawing
Oblique Drawing is a pictorial drawing in which the front
plane is parallel to the plane of projection.
Two Types of Oblique Drawing:
1.Cavalier oblique-. This type of oblique drawing is drawn in its
actual measurement
2.Cabinet oblique-. This is a type of oblique drawing wherein
the depth of objects is reduced by half of its size.

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Oblique pictorial drawing
Kinds of oblique pictorial drawing
Cavalier-refers to measurements of width,
height and depth/ length in full size

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Oblique pictorial drawing
Kinds of oblique pictorial drawing
Cabinet-refers to measurements of
width and height in full size while its
depth or length is one half

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAVALIER
AND CABINET OBLIQUE DRAWING
CAVALIER OBLIQUE CABINET OBLIQUE
DRAWING DRAWING

• 45 DEGREE OF • 30 DEGREE OF
INCLINATION INCLINATION
• FULL SCALE DEPTH • HALF SCALE DEPTH
• HEIGHT AND WIDTH- • HEIGHT AND WIDTH-
FULL SCALE FULL SCALE
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 PROBLEM: GIVEN THE ISOMETRIC DRAWING
DRAW THE CAVALIER & CABINET OBLIQUE DRAWING

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ANSWER

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 The Space Dimension
 This refers to the three
dimension standards of the
pictorial view such as: height,
width, and depth.
 Height is the distance
elevation from top to bottom.
 Width is the distance from
left side to the right side.
 Depth is the distance from
front to rear. 23
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
Perspective Drawing is a pictorial
drawing which contains receding lines
that converge at vanishing points on
the horizon. This drawing is also called
as “foreshortened drawing”.

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Principles of Perspective Drawing
1. All receding lines converge on a vanishing points.
2. The farther the color, the lighter it appears.
3. The farther the object, lines, edges, the smaller it appears.
4. The object can be viewed in terms of bird’s eye view, eye
level, and ants view. (see figure 1, 2, 3).
5. The vanishing point can be located anywhere as long as the
object will not be distorted. For the two-point perspective,
the two vanishing points must be aligned to each other. 25
THE OBJECT CAN BE VIEWED AS THE
FOLLOWING:

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 Types of Perspective Drawing

1. One-point or parallel perspective – is a receding

line that converges on a single vanishing point.
2. Two-point or angular perspective – is a receding
line that converges on two vanishing points.
3. Three-point perspective – is a receding line that
converges on three vanishing points.
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 TECHNICAL TERMS

 Picture Plane (PP) . This is an imaginary vertical plane

where the picture is registered.
 Ground Line (GL) .This is where the actual figure is laid.
 Station Point (SP) . This is the fixed position where the
object is actually viewed.
 Visual Rays. These are imaginary lines projecting from
the observer to the figure passing through the picture
plane. They are sometimes called receding lines.
 Horizon (H) . This is the point where the figure appears
horizontally at eye level.
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 Vanishing Point (VP) . This is the point where all
receding lines meet in a perspective figure.
 PICTORIAL VIEW
 Pictorial
View is a representation of a
complete shape of the object.

FROM THE GIVEN PICTORIAL

DRAWING, DRAW THE:
1.BIRD’S EYE VIEW
2.MAN’S EYE VIEW
3.3. WORM’S EYE VIEW
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SAMPLE PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
ONE-POINT
PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING

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SAMPLE PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
TWO-POINT
PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING

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SAMPLE PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
THREE-POINT
PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING

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 GIVEN THE
PICTORIAL
DRAWING
Draw the One-point
perspective, two-point
perspective & three-
point perspective

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