MEC 104 – Computer Aided Technical Drawing

Week 3

Dr. Akif Hacinecipoglu

Introduction
Weeks Topics
1 Introduction to CAD and Graphics
2 2D Basic Hand Sketching Techniques, Projections
3 Orthographic Projection, Surfaces, Lines and Holes
4 Views, Introduction to Software, 2D Sketching and Relations - 1
5 2D Sketching and Relations - 2
6 3D Solid Modelling - 1
7 3D Solid Modelling - 2
8 Midterm Exam
9 3D Solid Modelling - 3
10 Layout and Drafting, Annotations
11 Auxiliary Views
12 Sectional Views
13 Assembly and Mates
14 Assembly and Machine Elements
15 Exploded Views and Animations
16 Final Exam
2
Projections
Perspective Projection

In this case, where the observer is relatively

close to the object and the projectors from a
"cone" of projectors, the resulting projection
is known as a perspective.

3
Projections
Parallel Projection

If the observer's eye is imagined as

infinitely distant from the object and the
plane of projection, the projectors will be
parallel. This type of projection is known
as a parallel projection.

4
Projections
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact form of an object in two or
more views on planes, usually at right angles to each other, by lines drawn perpendicular
from the object to the planes.
Orthographic projection involves the use of three planes:
• The plane of projection upon which the front view is projected is called the frontal plane,
• that upon which the top view is projected, the horizontal plane,
• and that upon which the side view is projected, the profile plane.

5
Projections
First Angle Projection
The object is within first quadrant.
• The front view is projected to the vertical plane.
• The top view is projected to the horizontal plane.
• The left side view is projected to the profile plane.

6
Projections
Third Angle Projection
The object is within third quadrant.
• The front view is projected to the vertical plane.
• The top view is projected to the horizontal plane.
• The right side view is projected to the profile plane.

7
Projections
First Angle Projection Third Angle Projection

1 The object is placed in the first quadrant. The object is placed in the third quadrant.

The object is placed between the plane of projection and The plane of projection is placed between the object and
2
observer. observer.

3 The plane of projection is opaque. The plane of projection is transparent.

4 Front view is at the top of the horizontal axis. Front view at the bottom of the horizontal axis.

5 Top view at the bottom of the horizontal axis. Top view at the top of horizontal axis.

6 Right view is at the left side of vertical axis. Right view is at the right side of vertical axis.

7 Left view is at the right side of vertical axis. Left view is at the left side of vertical axis.

It is widely used in United States, Canada, Japan and

8 It is widely used in Europe, India.
Australia.

8
Projections
Symbols

9
Projections
Six Principal Views (First Angle)

10
Projections
Six Principal Views (Third Angle)

11
Surfaces
Horizontal, Frontal, Profile Surfaces

12
Surfaces
Auxiliary (Inclined) Surfaces
When a surface is inclined to two of the planes of projection (but perpendicular to third),
the surface is called auxiliary or inclined.

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Surfaces
Oblique (Skew) Surfaces
If the surface is has an angle to all three planes of projection the term "oblique" or "skew"
is used.

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Lines
Horizontal Line

15
Lines
Frontal Line

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Lines
Profile Line

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Lines
Horizontal-Frontal Line

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Lines
Horizontal-Profile Line

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Lines
Frontal-Profile Line

20
Lines
Oblique Line

21
Lines
A line indicates:
1. The edge view of a surface
2. The intersection of two surfaces
3. The surface limit

22
Lines
Dashed Lines
Represent hidden features

23
Lines
Dashed Lines & Arcs
Represent hidden features

24
Lines
Center Lines
The axes of symmetry for all
symmetrical views or portions of
views.

25
Lines
Precedence of Lines

1. Full line
2. Dashed line
3. Center line or cutting-plane line
4. Break lines
5. Dimension and extension lines
6. Crosshatching lines

26
Holes
• The correct method of representing the most common types of machined holes.
• Hole dimensions are always specified by diameter, never by radius.

Common hole types:

1. Blind hole
2. Through hole
3. Counterbore
4. Countersink
5. Spotface
6. Boss

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Holes
Blind Hole and Through Hole

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Holes
Counterbore

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Holes
Countersink

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Holes
Spotface

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Holes

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End of week 3.