Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore, Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Engineering Graphics UNIT-III, IV & V Two marks questions with answers

SECTION OF SOLIDS
What is a sectional view? In case of complex structures views can be drawn by cutting the object apart by an imaginary cutting plane and the portion between the cutting plane and the observer is assumed to be removed so as to show the internal construction details of the invisible features. A view in which the section is seen is called a sectional view. What is cutting plane or section plane? Section plane is an imaginary plane by which the object is sectioned. It is assumed to be thin, transparent, perpendicular to one of the three reference planes and either parallel or inclined or perpendicular to the other. What is a cutting plane line? The cutting plane is indicated in a view adjacent to the sectional view. The section plane line or cutting plane appears edgewise as a line called cutting plane line. What is section? The surface of the object which is sectioned by the section plane is known as section. 1

What is sectional view ? The projection of the section along with the remaining portion of the object is known as sectional view. What is true shape of section? The sectional view obtained on a plane parallel to the section plane known as true shape of the section. What are different types of sectional views? 1. Sectional top view. 2. Sectional front view. 3. Sectional side view. 4. Apparent section. 5. True shape of section. What 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. are the different types of section? Full section. Half section. Broken out section. Rotated section or Revolved section. Removed section. Auxiliary section.

What are the different types of section planes? 1. Section plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP.

2. Section plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. 3. Section plane inclined to HP and perpendicular to VP. 4. Section plane inclined to VP and perpendicular to HP. 5. Section plane perpendicular to both HP and VP.

DEVELOMENT OF SURFACES
What is meant by Development of surfaces? The surfaces (e.g. Faces and bases) of an object which are opened out and laid on a flat plane are called the development of surfaces of that object. Each and every line on the development should be the true length of the respective line of surface. Define development? The layout of the complete surface of an object is called a development or pattern. Define lateral surface? The layout of only the sides without the top or bottom is called the lateral suface. What are the various applications of Development of surfaces? i) Packaging industry. ii) Sheet metal development. iii) Aircraft industries, ship building works, automobile building works iv) Construction of boilers, pattern making, chimneys,

v) What is the principle of development? Every line on the development should show the true length of the corresponding line or edge which is developed. Hence for drawing development of surface, true length of the edge has to be found out and the development should be drawn with the true length only.

ventilating pipes, air conditioning ducts, heat chambers, washing machines.

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
What is an isometric projection? Isometric projection is a type of pictorial projection in which the three dimensions of a solid are not only shown in one view, but their actual sizes can be measured directly from it. What is meant isometric line and non isometric line? Any line parallel to one of these axes is called and isometric line, a line that is not parallel to these axes is called a nonisometric line.

What is meant isometric plane and non isometric plane? There are three Isometric planes containing any two isometric axes and planes parallel to these planes are termed Isometric planes. The planes not parallel to

any of the Isometric planes are termed Non isometric planes. What is Isometric view? The view drawn with the true scale is called isometric view. While the view drawn with the use of isometric scale is called isometric projection. Isometric length = 0.816 x true length. What are the various applications of Isometric projection? Isometric projection is commonly used to prepare the pictorial view of smaller objects and it is used in mechanical, production, automobile, aerospace engineering to show the machine components.

perspective obtained will depend on the relative position of the object, picture plane and point of sight. What are types of perspective views? a) Aerial or birds view: If the object is seen from above, then the view is called as aerial or birds eye view. b) Ground or worms eye view: If the object is seen from underneath, then the view is called as ground or worms eye view c) Normal view : If the object is seen from face on, so that the line of sight is directly on it rather than above or below , then the view is a normal view. What are the applications of perspective projection? i) Perspective view is mostly used in architectural drawing to show the appearance of a proposed building. ii) It is also used by advertisers to prepare the advertising drawings. What are general terms Perspective projection? used in

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
What is Perspective projection? Perspective projection is three dimensional representation of an object. It is also defined as the figure formed on the picture plane when visual rays from the eye to the object cut the picture plane. Explain the principle of Perspective projection? In Perspective projection, the eye is assumed to be situated at a definite position relative to the object. The picture plane (vertical plane) is placed between the object and the eye. Visual rays from the eye to the object pierces through the picture plane and form an image on it. This image is known as perspective of the object. Thus the image or

1. Ground plane (GP) : It is the horizontal plane on which the object is assumed to be situated. 2. Station point (S): It is the point where the eye of the observer is located while viewing the object 3. Picture plane (PP): It is a vertical transparent plane on which the perspective view is formed. It is actually placed between the object and the station point.

4. Horizontal plane (HP): It is an imaginary horizontal plane at the level of the observers eye or the station point. It is above the ground plane and perpendicular to picture plane. 5. Auxiliary ground plane (AGP): It is a horizontal plane placed above the horizontal plane. The top view of the object and the perspective elements is projected on this plane. 6. Ground line (GL): The line of intersection of the picture plane with the ground plane is called ground line. 7. Horizon line (HL): It is the line of intersection of the horizontal plane with the picture plane. 8. Perpendicular axis (PA): A line which is drawn through the station point and perpendicular to the picture plane is called perpendicular axis. It is also called as axis of vision or line of sight. 9. Centre of vision (C): The point in which the perpendicular axis pierces the picture plane is called the centre of vision. It lies on horizon line. 10. Central plane (CP): It is an imaginary vertical plane perpendicular to both the picture plane and the ground plane and passes through the station point and the centre of vision. It contains the perpendicular axis.