Jigjiga University

college of Engineering &

technology
Technical Drawing Lecture
Part III
MULTIVIEW DRAWING
By JAFER OMER
 3. MULTIVIEW DRAWING
Definition: Multi view projection is a method
by which the exact shape of an object can be
represented by two or more separate views
produced on projection planes that are at
right angles to each other.

 The system of constructing multi view

drawing is orthographic projection.
Orthographic views are two dimensional
views of three dimensional objects.
 3.1 SYSTEM OF PROJECTIONS

There are two types of projection systems in use

today. These are:

1. First-angle projection is used mainly in

Europe.
2. Third-angle projection is used in the United
States, Canada, and in many other countries.
 CON....
 The three principal planes of projection are situated
at right angles to each other
 Horizontal plane
 Vertical plane
 Profile plane

 If we place an object in one of the quadrants and

project it on the plane of projection, it refers us
angle of projection
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION SYSTEM

 The object is placed in the first quadrant

and viewed from the first.
 The object is between the observer and
projection planes.
 The top view is placed below the front
view. The right-side view is to the left of
the front view
 Here imagine that, the viewer is at left of
the front view and looks at the object.
CONT...
 First angle projection
CON…

Note:
 Always top view will be placed below front
view
 Always left side will be drawn on the right
side of front view
 Always we place the right side to the left of
the front view
 Bottom view will be shown above the front
view
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION SYSTEM

 The object is placed in the third quadrant

and viewed from the first.
 Projection planes are between the
observer and object.
 The top view is placed over the front view.
The right-side view is to the right of the
front view.
 The only ultimate difference between third
angle and first angle projection is in the
arrangement of the views. The views
themselves are the same in both systems.
CONT...
 Third angle projection

Third-angle Projection
CON….
Note:
 Top view is always projected above the front
view
 The right hand side view is shown on the right
hand side of the front view
 The left hand side view is shown on the left
hand side of the front view
CON…
3.2 CHOICE OF VIEWS

 Six principal views can be obtained for any

object by using the principles of multi view
drawing or orthographic projection which
are the maximum views.
 CON…
 Since the back view is a mirror image of the front
view, the bottom is a mirror of the top, and the L
side is a mirror of the R side, there are three
redundant views.

 Only views that are necessary for a clear and

complete description should be selected. Because
the repetition of information may tends to confuse
the reader.

 Technical drawings usually include only the front,

top and right side orthographic views because
together they are considered sufficient to
completely define an object’s shape.
CON…
CON…
RULES FOR SELECTING VIEWS
 1. Only views that clearly describe the
object are used.
 2. Views that show the least hidden lines
should be selected.
 3. The object should be shown in it’s
functioning position when possible.
 4. The view that best describes the
object should be selected as the front
view.
 PRINCIPAL VIEWS
 Defining the
Six Principal
Views or
Orthographic
Views
CONT...
CONT...
 Revolving an Object to Produce the Six Basic
Views
CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
 Most powerful technique to understand
orthographic projections
 Suspend the object with transparent strings
inside a glass box
 Freeze the view from each direction (each of the
six sides of the box) and unfold the box
 Animation illustrates glass-box approach
 CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
 CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
 CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
 CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
CONT...
 Glass Box Approach
3.3 ONE, TWO, THREE-VIEW DRAWINGS

One view drawing:- it is drawings that

consist of one view of the object with
additional notes.
It includes simple objects such as a sphere,
cylinder and cube, other application include a
thin gasket, printed circuit board
Two view drawing
Some objects can be fully described by two
views, look for:
 Symmetry or Bodies of Rotation,
cylindrical conical and pyramidal shape
CONT…

 Three view drawing:- used when an object

is more complex and require three views to
communicate all aspects of the drawing like
width, depth and height
CONT…
Front View Right Side View Front Right
View Side
CONT….
3.4 LAYING OUT OF DRAWINGS
 Laying out of a drawing means putting the
different view of an object into a sheet of
paper.
 While laying out of drawing, front and top
view are always inline vertically; front and
side view are always inline horizontally.
 In order to have eye attracting drawing, the
drawing approximately should be put at
center of working area.
CONT….
 Conventional Orthographic Views
Width

Top View
Depth

Right
Front View Side Height
View
CONT…
Left
Front View Side Height
View

Top View
Depth

Width
ALIGNMENT OF VIEWS
CON….
3.5 WIDTH, HEIGHT, AND DEPTH
RELATIONSHIPS
 All three- dimensional objects have width,
height and depth
 Height ; distance from top to bottom
 Width; distance from side to side
 Depth; distance from front to back
 The width of front, rear, top and bottom
view is equal
 The height of front, rear, right side view and
left views is equal
 The depth of top, bottom, right side and left
side views is equal.
CONT…
CONT….
CONT...
 Using a Miter Line to Transfer Depth

Draw miter line

at 45 degrees
at a convenient
distance to
produce the
desired view.
CONT...

Sketch light lines

projecting depth
locations for points
to miter line and
then down into side
view as shown.
CONT...

Project
additional
points, surface
by surface.
CONT...

Draw the view

locating each
vertex of the
surface on the
projection and
miter line.
3.6 PRECEDENCE OF LINES
 In a any view there is likely to be a coincidence
of lines. Thus it is necessary to follow a
consistent rule as which take precedence over
the other
 The precedence is
 Object line
 Hidden line or dashed line
 Centre line or cutting plane line
 Brake lines
 Dimension or extension line
 Section line
CONT…

•Visible lines takes precedence over all other lines

0.6 mm

•Hidden lines and cutting plane lines take precedence

over center lines
0.3 mm

Center lines have lowest precedence

0.3 mm
CONT…
 Application of Precedence
CONT…
EXERCISE…
CONT…
CONT
CONT…
TOP, FRONT, LIFT VIEWS OF CONE
TOP, FRONT, LIFT VIEWS OF
SPHERE
TOP, FRONT, LIFT VIEWS OF A
WEDGE
TOP, FRONT, LIFT VIEWS OF A WEDGE