PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES

OF HEALTH TEACHING IN
MEDICAL LABORATORY
SCIENCE
Good Teaching Practice:
Roles and Function of a
Teacher
 Roles of a Teacher
1. As a Manager
2. As a Counsellor
3. As a Motivator
4. As a Leader
5. As a Model
6. As a Public Relations Specialist
7. As a Parent-Surrogate
8. As a Facilitator
9. As an Instructor
As a Manager
✓ Responsible for the effective management
of the class from start to finish
✓ Carries systematic activities throughout the
day
✓ Expected to maintain order in the classroom
As a Counsellor

✓ Teachers are expected to respond

constructively when problems crop up
concerning student behaviour.
✓ Teachers provide guidance and
assistance if students experience
problems.
As a Motivator
✓ Teachers encourage and motivates
learners to study well and behave
properly in and outside the classroom.
✓ Teacher is good at motivating learners
to make them listen, participate, and
understand instructions.
As a Leader
✓ Teacher directs, coaches, supports,
and delegates depending on the
needs of the situation
✓ To be a good leader, you must be a
good follower
 Five leadership styles of a teacher
✘ Authoritative leadership
✘ Affiliative leadership
✘ Democratic leadership
✘ Pacesetting leadership
✘ Coaching leadership

8
As a Model
✓ Teacher should look his best all
the time, master his lessons, show
interest in the learner’s welfare,
show his good behaviour, and
include good work and attitudes.
✓ Teacher should be fair in dealing
with students and exhibit good
judgement when situation calls
for it.
As a Public Relations Specialist
✓ Teacher deals with
people outside the
school with
credibility.
✓ Teacher must have a
good public relations
to make a good
name for his school.
As a Parent-Surrogate
✓ In school, the teacher is the parent of
the learners.
✓ Adding to main functions of
developing the learners intellectually,
the teacher is also expected to train
the learners socially and emotionally
and to look after their physical and
mental well-being.
✓ Teacher guarantees that the
individual rights of the learners in
education and safety is respected.
As a Facilitator
✓ The learners must be given the chance to
discuss things under the close supervision
and monitoring of the teacher.
✓ Teacher prepares guidelines which will serve
as the focus of discussion and activities.
As an Instructor

✓ The main function of the teacher is instruction.

✓ Teachers make decisions as to what to teach,
what instructional materials to use what method
to employ in teaching a particular content, and
how best to evaluate the intended learning.
 THE TEACHER
✘ HALLMARKS OF GOOD TEACHING
a. Professional competence
b. Interpersonal relationship
c. Teaching/ Evaluation practices
d. Availability to students
 PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE
✘ The teacher who enjoys teaching shows genuine
interest in patient, and displays confidence in his
or her professional abilities.
✘ The teacher who is creative and stimulating and
can excite student’s interest and can demonstrate
clinical skills with expertise is also valued.
 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
WITH STUDENTS
❖ As in all relationships, it is important that teachers listen to learners
and try to see the world through their eyes
❖ First approach: Respect learners to care about their concerns
❖ Second approach: Accept learners as they are, whether or not you
like them
❖ Third approach: Honest communication contributing to healthy
relationships with learners
❖ Fourth approach: Clearly identifying the learner’s responsibilities in
the learning process.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
This skill is demonstrated by:
1. taking interest in learners,
2. Being sensitive to their feelings and problems
3. Conveying respect for them
4. Alleviating their anxieties
5. Being accessible for conferences
6. Being fair
7. Permitting learners to express differing point of view
8. Creating an atmosphere in which they feel free to ask questions
9. Conveying sense of warmth
 TEACHING PRACTICES
✘ Teaching practices- defined as the mechanics,
methods, and skills in classroom and clinical teaching.

❑ Students value a teacher who has a thorough

knowledge of the subject matter and can present
material in an interesting clear and organized manner.
 TEACHING/EVALUATION PRACTICES
✘ Jacobson (1966): defined teaching practices as the mechanics,
methods and skills in classroom and clinical teaching.
✘ Teaching subject matter in a stimulating way and inspiring
learner interest hinge on several factors such as:
✗ Teacher’s style
✗ Personality
✗ Personal interest on the subject
✗ Use of variety of teaching strategies
 AVAILABILITY TO STUDENTS
✘ Allied health science students, expect the instructor to be available to
them when needed. This may take the form of being there in the ff:

✓ stressful clinical situations

✓ physically helping students
✓ giving appropriate amounts of supervision
✓ freely answering questions and;
✓ acting as a resource person during clinical learning experiences.
TEACHER/MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST’S AND
ROLES IN GUIDANCE
✘ The concept of guidance, which associated it with the daily activity of the
classroom teacher, gives a greater responsibility to him. It means that the
teacher who is dealing with children should be given in-service education
for discharging his responsibilities in personal, educational and vocational
guidance.
✘ make sure the young person has a voice in setting learning targets
 Definitions of Teaching
✘ Organized, purposeful, and deliberate efforts designed to
bring about certain desirable ends in an individual.
✘ It is an action of a person imparting skill, knowledge, or even
a value to another.
✘ It is an attempt to assist students in acquiring or changing
some skill, knowledge, ideal attitude, or appreciation.
✘ Is a process or set of actions to induce learning and
eventually to succeed in learning.
✘ Learning
✗ Defined as a change in behavior that can be
observed or measured and occur anytime as a result
of exposure to a stimuli
✗ Acquisition of knowledge and skills consciously such
that behavior is altered in some way
✘ Barriers
✗ Factors that impede the ability to deliver educational
services
✗ Factors that negatively affect the ability of the
learner to pay attention and process information
 Barriers
Teaching Learning
Lack of time Lack of time to learn
Lack of expertise of educational Illness, stress
background
Lack of motivation Low literacy, low comprehension

Lack of budget allocation for educational Negative influence

programs
Personal characteristics
Lack of support and ongoing positive
reinforcement
Lack of willingness to learn
Inconvenience
 Professional Attributes
✓ A professional teacher perceives himself as someone who can effect change
or learning because he is an expert in what he teaches and in how he
teaches.
✓ Teacher has the collection of best teaching practices and can use these to
instruct students in classrooms and to work with adults in school setting.
✓ Teacher has disposition and skills to approach all aspects of his work in a
reflective, collegial and problem-solving manner.
✓ Teachers has a view of learning to teach as a lifelong process and
dispositions and skills for working towards improving his own teaching as
well as improving schools.
“Once a teacher, forever a student”.
 Passion

Commitment Humor

Personal
Attributes
Values &
Enthusiasm
Attitude

Patience
 Personal Attributes
1. Passion
✓ Passionate teachers exude spontaneity in
ministering to the needs of the students especially
those experiencing learning difficulties.
✓ It drives them to care for their students corrected
with appropriate reformative action.
 Personal Attributes
2. Humor
✓ Teacher’s humor connects them with their student
like a magnet.
✓ They enjoy as a group, thus promote a spirit of
togetherness.
✓ A clean joke will always elicit rapport in a learning
environment.
 Personal Attributes
3. Values and Attitude
✓ Values connotes standards, code of ethics and strong beliefs
✓ Teachers are models of values
✓ Examples of values a teacher is expected are:
- open-mindedness
- fairness and impartiality
- sincerity and honesty
 Personal Attributes
4. Patience
✓ It refers to teacher’s uncomplaining nature, self-
control and persistence.
✓ Teachers calmly endure their students’ limitations
and difficulties
 Personal Attributes
5. Enthusiasm
✓ Refers to eagerness and excitement
✓ Enthusiastic teachers are full of energy and dynamism
where students look forward to any activity they participate
in with them.
✓ It is an irresistible feeling that intensifies the student’s
momentum to reach a desired goal.
 Personal Attributes
6. Commitment
✓ A solemn promise to perform the duties and
responsibilities mandated by laws and code of ethics of
the profession.
✓ It is unwavering pledge to perform all teaching and
learning activities with consistency and selflessness to
the best interest of the students under their care.
✓ Committed teachers are caring and dedicated
 WAYS TO MOTIVATE LEARNERS
✘ Use several senses
✘ Actively involve the patients or clients in the learning process
✘ Provide an environment conductive in learning
✘ Assess the extent to which the learner is ready to learn
✘ Determine the perceived relevance of the information
✘ Repeat information
✘ Generalize information
✘ Make learning a pleasant experience
✘ Begin with what is known; move toward with what is unknown
✘ Present information at an appropriate rate
THANK YOU!