The Brain can change or reorganize throughout life, either in response to environmental conditions,

in response to injury/disease or even due to habituation to a sound. This characteristic of brain is

termed as brain plasticity or neuroplasticity.

It occurs due to the change in neural pathways and synapses that occurs due to certain factors, like
behavior, environment, or neural processes. As a result of such changes, the brain deletes the
neural connections that are no longer necessary or useful and strengthens the necessary ones.

Brain reorganization also occurs via rerouting the sensory impulses thus changing its physical
structure. Such kind of changes are caused by an interruption in oxygen supply to a part of the brain

Functional plasticity refers to brain's ability to alter and adapt the functional properties of neurons.
The changes can occur in response to previous activity (activity-dependent plasticity) to acquire
memory or in response to malfunction or damage of neurons (reactive plasticity) to compensate a
pathological event. . Undamaged axons can also sprout nerve endings and connect with other
undamaged nerve cells, forming new neural pathways to accomplish a needed function.

For example, if one hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the intact hemisphere may take over some
of its functions. The brain compensates for damage in effect by reorganizing and forming new
connections between intact neurons. In order to reconnect, the neurons need to be stimulated
through activity.

Structural plasticity is often understood as the brain's ability to change its neuronal connections. New
neurons are constantly produced and integrated into the central nervous system throughout the life
span based on this type of neuroplasticity. It occurs by the axonal sprouting mechanism in which
undamaged axons grow new nerve endings in order to from new connections between neurons

Experience-dependent neuroplasticity refers to the brain's capacity to change in response to

experience, repeated stimuli, environmental cues, and learning. When people learn new motor skills,
such as in playing a musical instrument, there are plastic changes in the structure of cells in the
nervous system that underlie the motor skills

The brain reorganization can occur as a result of learning, experience, and memory formation, or as
a result of damage to the brain. There are beliefs that the brain become fixed after a certain age,
however, the latest research has revealed that the brain never stops changing in response to
learning.

Brain imaging experiments have provided new insight into structural and functional reorganization
associated with skill learning and expertise. Thus, according to modern research, the brain continues
to create new neural pathways and alter existing ones in order to adapt to new experiences, learn
new information, and create new memories.

The interaction between the environment and genetics also plays a role in shaping the brain's
plasticity or brain reorganization.

References:

https://www.britannica.com/science/neuroplasticity

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/neuroplasticity