Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1: The Parts of Speech, 17. Mission of San Miguel of Santa Fe is its
pp. 1=27 name.
The Noun, p. 1 18. The Wheelwright Museum houses artwork
EXERCISE created by Navajos.
1. New Mexico achieved statehood in the
19. In the center of the city are many shops and
early twentieth century.
restaurants.
2. Santa Fe is the capital of this southwestern
20. This bustling, historic area is named the
state.
Plaza.
3. It is the oldest and highest United States
Proper, Common, Concrete, and Abstract Nouns,
capital. p. 2
EXERCISE A
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5. The first European explorers here were 2. Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico is one of
Spanish. the best-known photographs by Ansel
Adams.
6. Before Spanish colonists arrived, the Pueblo
lived there peacefully. 3. Climbers often speak of the mystical
attraction they feel for Mount Everest.
7. The western end of the famous Santa Fe
Trail was there. 4. Has Megan already invited you to her
wedding?
8. The trail extended from Missouri to New
Mexico. 5. His sister-in-law lives in Cedar Rapids.
9. It was a popular trade route for much of the 6. Another name for Yom Kippur, which is a
nineteenth century. Jewish holiday, is Day of Atonement.
10. Tourism is important to the economy of the 7. Bull sharks have been caught in the
state. Mississippi River.
11. Santa Fe has many interesting attractions. 8. Enrico can play the trumpet, I believe.
12. One popular attraction is the Palace of the 9. Mount McKinley is also known as Denali.
Governors. 10. The recipe calls for chopped jalapeños,
13. It is recognized as the oldest public building doesn’t it?
in the nation. EXERCISE B
11. C 16. A
14. The palace is now a part of the Museum of
12. A 17. C
New Mexico.
13. C 18. A
15. Santa Fe honors its Spanish and American 14. C 19. A
Indian heritage at its many historical sites. 15. A 20. C
16. The city has one of the oldest churches in
the United States.
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5. Loni wore her suede boots in the snow.
5. The people say farewell to one year and
Now they are probably stained.
welcome the next with great festivities.
6. Juanita lent Dominic her calculator. He had
6. Exploding firecrackers are part of the
left his in his locker.
tradition.
7. Brian and Marla play golf whenever they
7. Each year, my grandmother and I put up a
can. It is their favorite sport.
new paper image of Tsao Shen, the Kitchen
God. 8. Ahmal hopes to compete in the next
Olympic games. Where will they be held?
8. Traditionally, many people eat seaweed for
prosperity. 9. Did Carolyn sprain her ankle while she was
skating?
9. The celebration concludes with the Festival
of Lanterns. 10. Carlos and Ann decided they could not stay
indoors on such a beautiful day.
10. In 2000, the Chinese celebrated the Year of
EXERCISE B
the Dragon.
11. Baseball requires various talents and skills;
EXERCISE B it
11. children family the sport also demands great strength and
12. faculty teachers stamina.
13. committee chairperson 12. Jim Abbott played professional baseball
he
14. Congress Capitol despite the fact that Jim Abbott has only
15. football team his
a thumb and no fingers on Jim Abbott’s
16. Pep Club cheerleaders
right hand.
17. neighbors community His
13. Jim Abbott’s disability did not stop
18. orchestra concert him
Jim Abbott from succeeding as a major
19. spectators audience
20. flock birds league pitcher.
he
14. Ed thought Ed had a baseball card showing
his
Jim Abbott in Jim Abbott’s New York
Yankees uniform.
it
15. Perhaps the baseball card is in one of these Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative
them Pronouns, p. 6
other boxes. Let’s look through these other
EXERCISE
boxes. INTER
1. Who is your karate instructor?
Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns, p. 5 DEM
2. Is that a picture of Charles Lindbergh’s
EXERCISE A Possessive pronouns in items 1-5 may
be classified as adjectives. famous airplane?
REL
1. My teacher gave me another chance to 3. The family that bought the house next door
answer the question correctly. is moving in next week.
DEM
2. Did you see the painting that I did for the 4. This is the song we sang in the talent show
art fair at our school? at school.
INTER
3. My mother reminded us that we had not 5. What will we do if it rains on the day of
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INTER
19. Which of the puppies would you like to 17. Neither of these flashlights works.
adopt? 18. No one was absent from school today.
DEM
20. Is that a direct quotation? 19. The principal requested that several of the
Indefinite Pronouns, p. 7 art students paint a colorful mural on a wall
EXERCISE of the school’s lobby.
1. Everyone who went to the space camp had 20. In their search for gold, some of the early
a wonderful experience. prospectors found nothing but “fool’s
2. Will you tell the others that the meeting has gold,” or iron pyrite, which looks like gold.
been canceled? Identifying Pronouns, p. 8
3. None of these keys will unlock either of EXERCISE
DEM
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those doors. 1. Those are the pilots whom the general
INTEN
4. This peach is sweet. May I have another? himself chose for the mission.
PER REF
5. She can run faster than anyone on the 2. She amused herself by reading a book by
school’s track team. Erma Bombeck.
DEM IND
6. I have read many of her short stories. 3. Oh, this is some of that delicious tuna salad.
INTER REL
7. Is anything wrong? You act as if something 4. What is the name of the senator who is
is troubling you. speaking?
PER
8. Ken and I spent much of July, August, 5. The cyclists took their water bottles with
PER
September, and October working on a them on the trail.
PER INTEN
Kentucky horse farm. 6. We ourselves must decide the number of
9. Someone told me that the bald eagle is no hours to study.
REL PER
longer on the list of endangered species. 7. Shelley adopted two turtles, which she
10. The teacher asked, “Can anybody in the named Snapper and Swifty.
INTER
class name the capital of each of the states?” 8. Whom did she invite to go to the
PER
11. A few of these baseball cards are extremely movies with her?
PER REL
valuable. 9. In the woods, we spotted a doe that had a
12. Are you able to save any of your weekly fawn.
IND PER
allowance? 10. Each of us had a good time on our trip to
13. The performances by both of the comedians the aquarium.
INTER DEM
were hilarious! 11. Which of these are endangered species?
IND
14. Most of us have already seen that movie. 12. Someone told me that Erica had built the
INTEN
15. All but one of the club members voted to treehouse herself.
PER REF
increase the membership dues. 13. How badly did they hurt themselves when
16. Do we have everything we need for the they fell?
picnic?
DEM IND
14. This is one of the best computer games I 8. A young eagle soared swiftly beyond the
have ever played! billowy, snow-white clouds.
IND
15. Everyone tried to solve the riddle, 9. The new karate instructor is a skillful
IND
but only a few were successful. teacher.
INTER REL
16. Who is the student who painted this beau- 10. In the nest were three tiny newborn robins.
tiful seascape? 11. I heard that they are remodeling this old
PER IND
17. Have you ever read any of Nina Otero’s barn to convert it into a spacious and
works? comfortable home.
IND
18. Unlike the others, Maria can read 12. Diana, a talented musician, plays cello in
IND
something once and recall almost every the local symphony.
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ADJ ADJ
5. Which ice sculpture did you create? 8. Did you have a summer job?
PRO N
6. Which of the ice sculptures did you create? 9. The library stays open until 8:00 P.M.
PRO ADJ
7. This is one of my favorite songs. 10. I need to return these library books today.
ADJ ADJ
8. Do you like this song? 11. That ocean liner is famous for its winter
ADJ
9. Aren’t those wildflowers beautiful? cruises.
PRO N
10. Yes, those are more colorful than the ones 12. Not every bird flies south for the winter.
ADJ
we saw earlier. 13. According to the bus schedule, we should
PRO
11. What are some languages you speak? arrive by 3:15 P.M.
ADJ N
12. What other languages do you speak? 14. Do you want to travel by bus?
ADJ N
13. That skyscraper is the tallest one in the 15. Mr. Morris served as principal of the school
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world. for twenty-three years.
PRO ADJ
14. That is the tallest skyscraper in the world. 16. I believe the principal crops of the
ADJ Philippines include rice, corn, coconuts,
15. Either answer is acceptable.
PRO bananas, and pineapples.
16. Either of the answers is acceptable.
ADJ 17. Our class read Joseph Bruchac’s retelling of
17. Some animals hibernate during the winter. ADJ
PRO the Seneca tale titled “Sky Woman.”
18. Toads, turtles, and bats are some of the ani- N
18. Long ago, the Seneca told this story to
mals that hibernate during the winter.
PRO explain the creation of the earth.
19. Whose are these? N
ADJ 19. Do you practice soccer after school every
20. Whose skates are these?
day?
ADJ
Noun or Adjective? p. 11 20. Do you have soccer practice after school
EXERCISE
ADJ every day?
1. Geraldo is the sports reporter for the school
Adjectives in Sentences, p. 12
newspaper.
N EXERCISE
2. Geraldo plays two sports at school: baseball
1. The movie is set in the West during the
and field hockey.
latter part of the nineteenth century.
3. The students are busily working on their
ADJ 2. John J. Dunbar, the main character, is a
science projects.
N Civil War veteran.
4. Which course in science are you taking this
3. Dunbar had been an army lieutenant.
year?
ADJ 4. The Lakota Sioux, cautious and
5. I took this snapshot of the New York City
apprehensive, eventually befriend Dunbar.
skyline.
N 5. The friendly lieutenant maintains a peaceful
6. Albany, not New York City, is the capital of
relationship with the Lakota Sioux.
New York.
N 6. In the beginning some minor problems do
7. For most of the summer, I worked at a local
arise.
farmers’ market.
7. A greater conflict occurs when other soldiers 3. The minute the dew dries, Amy says to me,
arrive. “Grab the lawn mower!”
8. Kevin Costner both starred in and directed 4. While I cut the grass, Amy edges the lawn.
this powerful film. 5. After we neatly clip the grass, we weed the
9. Costner is not only a talented actor but also flower garden.
a skilled director. 6. I loosen the dirt around the flowers, and
10. Costner was especially careful about pre- my sister pulls the weeds.
senting an accurate picture of the Lakota 7. By noon both the lawn and the garden look
Sioux. decidedly better than they did earlier.
11. He hired a woman to teach the Lakota Sioux 8. Tired and thirsty, we go inside, wash our
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T
3. For others, the Americas provided an 4. P 11. P 18. N
opportunity for religious freedom. 5. N 12. M 19. M
I
4. Many people immigrated to the colonies. 6. M 13. P 20. P
T 7. P 14. N
5. Victims of religious intolerance sought an
EXERCISE B
escape from persecution.
I 21. In her spare time my mother designs and
6. The Puritans, for example, disagreed with
pieces quilts.
many Church of England policies.
T 22. The first quilt she made is extremely special
7. As a result, some Puritans left England.
T to me.
8. This religious group founded settlements in
23. She used pieces of clothing that I wore
Virginia and New England.
I when I was an infant.
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9. Indentured servants also traveled to
24. Everyone we know admires her quilts and
American shores.
T says they are incredibly beautiful.
10. The poor of England desired economic
25. My mother gets much joy and satisfaction
opportunity.
I from her hobby; in fact, she often calls her
11. They worked in America as payment for hobby a labor of love.
their passage.
I Linking Verbs, p. 16
12. Many remained in America after settlement EXERCISE
of their debts. 1. Mother felt ill this morning.
T
13. Some indentured themselves for seven 2. Shirley is the secretary and the treasurer of
years. the class.
I
14. Tenant farmers came, too. 3. The bread on the counter smelled delicious.
T
15. They brought their dreams of prosperity 4. Connie grew bored and restless toward the
with them. end of the movie.
I
16. These colonial settlers arrived with hope. 5. Affie seemed confused by the directions
17. From the American Indians, the immigrants that you gave him.
T
learned a great deal. 6. Are we still friends?
T
18. New England colonists celebrated their first 7. The new student looks familiar to me.
Thanksgiving Day in America in 1621.
T 8. Are all deserts hot and dry?
19. They held the celebration after the harvest.
9. The scout leader was proud of her troop.
20. Many of their American Indian neighbors
I 10. What is the problem?
shared in the celebration.
11. During this time of year, the weather often
Action Verbs, p. 15 becomes stormy in the late afternoon.
EXERCISE A
1. N 8. P 15. M 12. My voice sounds hoarse from all that cheer-
2. M 9. N 16. M ing at the game.
3. P 10. M 17. P
13. The salesperson seemed annoyed by the 8. Are any of the pyramids being restored
shoppers who crowded the store. today?
14. The captain of the ship remained calm and 9. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were
optimistic. built by Nebuchadnezzar around 600 B.C.
15. This fabric turned white from exposure to 10. These gardens were set on terraces high
the sun. above a vaulted building.
16. Do you know whether the library is open 11. Some historians have estimated the
on Saturdays? terraces’ height at 75 feet to 300 feet.
17. The lights grew dimmer in the theater. 12. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was made of
18. The tourists were curious about the myste- ivory and gold.
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rious cave. 13. The statue has not survived, but pictures of
19. A few of the tomatoes on the vines are it do appear on coins.
already ripe. 14. Did Goths destroy the Temple of Artemis at
20. I absolutely have to say that I think the Ephesus in the third century A.D.?
costume for my character in the play looks 15. Some remains of the Mausoleum at
ridiculous! Halicarnassus are housed in the British
when
3. We will meet you later at the library. ADV, V 2. White, billowy clouds drifted
to what extent
4. Dangerously strong winds threatened the rather calmly past my window.
coastal villages. V, ADJ 3. Earlier the weather service had
when where
5. Hurry! Our bus is already here! predicted unseasonably stormy
where conditions.
6. Where do you go to school?
ADV, V 4. The flight attendants insisted
7. I try to avoid horror movies, for they
how most politely that we fasten our
frighten me badly.
to what extent seat belts.
8. The actor would not wear the silly costume
V 5. We neared our destination, and
chosen by the director.
the airplane suddenly plunged.
9. “If you want a chance to win the tickets,
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
when ADV, V, V 6. Almost immediately, I checked
call now!” cried the announcer.
my seat belt and braced myself.
10. The concert artist Yo-Yo Ma’s performance
to what extent V, V 7. Soon, the pilot skillfully leveled
was exceedingly polished.
to what extent the airplane.
11. Although I practice daily, I am a clumsy
V 8. Seeing the runway, we relaxed,
piano player.
and the airplane landed safely.
12. The children held hands and crossed the
how ADJ 9. I was extremely happy to touch
street cautiously.
to what extent the ground.
13. The weather in April was unusually warm.
when V, V 10. We rented a car and drove away
14. Ricardo and I arrived earlier than the other
slowly.
guests.
how V, ADJ 11. We greatly enjoyed our road
15. The audience waited restlessly for the
trip, for our route was very
concert to begin.
to what extent scenic.
16. Is this garden soil too sandy, Manuel?
when to what extent ADV, V 12. We reached our hotel fairly late.
17. Skateboarding is still a very popular form
V 13. We eventually went to Venice,
of recreation.
where which sits on small Adriatic
18. An elderly woman walked over and offered
islands.
to help us.
V, V 14. Cars are not used there.
19. The young street artist drew a caricature
to what extent V, ADJ 15. Today, motorboats are more
that was quite good.
when common than gondolas.
20. On the first day at camp, we arose early
V 16. The main water route is
and went fishing.
appropriately named the Grand
Adverbs and the Words They Modify, p. 19 Canal.
EXERCISE
ADJ 17. Numerous bridges span the
V 1. Yesterday, my family and I
canals, connecting somewhat
boarded a small plane.
narrow streets.
ADJ, V 19. Many remarkably beautiful 1. In 1840, the British issued the first postage
ADJ 20. The tall bell tower of Saint Mark usually was responsible for the postage.
is the most conspicuous 3. Thus, mail service was used mainly by the
structure in the square. wealthy.
18. I replaced the I in BIRTHDAY with a 5. Goodness! I’ve never seen such a long
picture of a candle. snake.
19. Then I placed a cake under the words so 6. Oh, it’s really harmless.
that they all looked like decorations on it. 7. Wow! That’s a relief!
20. Inside the card was a funny verse amid 8. Do you think that, well, you might want to
small pictures of wrapped gifts. put the snake back in its terrarium?
The Conjunction, p. 22 9. The snake, alas, seems to have disappeared.
EXERCISE A
10. Aha! There it is, hanging from the chande-
1. Neither Tessa nor I have ever seen a profes-
lier.
sional dance company perform live.
EXERCISE B
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2. Today I bought tickets to an Alvin Ailey Revisions will vary. Samples responses are given.
production, so I am quite excited. 11. Well, Mom told us that not all of the snakes
are dangerous, of course.
3. Alvin Ailey was born in Texas in 1931, but
12. Hey! A man named Snakeman was their
he eventually moved to New York. guide in Trinidad.
4. As a young man he danced in many shows, 13. Wow! Snakeman held the world record for
and in 1958, he formed the Alvin Ailey capturing bushmasters.
American Dance Theater. 14. Yikes! Isn’t the bushmaster a large, poison-
ous snake?
5. Not only as a dancer but also as the chor-
15. Oh, the Asa Wright Nature Center in
eographer of the dance company, Ailey was Trinidad encompasses close to five hundred
very much admired. acres.
EXERCISE B Determining Parts of Speech, p. 24
Sentences will vary. Sample responses are given. EXERCISE
6. I enjoy winter and summer sports. ADJ
1. Marianne exhibited her model spacecraft at
7. Neither Chico nor Matt was at the game.
the science fair.
8. I know that contact lens must be either
under the bed or behind the desk. 2. How long did it take Marianne to build the
N
9. Jolene worked all day, so in the evening she model?
PREP
rested. 3. We stopped by your house, but you weren’t
10. He carried out his order swiftly and quietly. home.
ADV
The Interjection, p. 23 4. At what time did you stop by?
EXERCISE A PRO
5. These are extremely tasty pears.
1. Yikes! There’s a snake under the table! ADJ
6. Substitute these new art supplies for your
2. Oops! I must have forgotten to cover the
old ones.
terrarium. V
7. Doesn’t Ms. Napoli coach the girls’ basket-
3. I like snakes, but, whoa, not when I’m eat-
ball team?
ing dinner. N
8. She is also the coach of the school’s swim
4. I tend to scream when snakes crawl over
team.
my feet, ugh!
12 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE | Third Course
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PREP ADV
9. Everyone but Bethany was at the meeting. 9. I sometimes become impatient because I
CONJ N
10. Actually, Bethany came to the meeting but want to talk about my day at school.
left early. 10. I start with tales about the ride on the
N N N
11. Are you a member of the student council? school bus in the morning.
ADJ PRO V
12. The council members meet twice a month. 11. Then I tell about all of the classes I have.
N N ADJ
13. All of the volunteers at the fund-raiser 12. My best friend, Cheryl, and I have every
were a big help. class together.
V
14. Selena always volunteers to help. 13. My favorite subjects are history and science,
ADV CONJ
15. I left my books inside on the table. so I usually tell my family a great deal
PREP ADJ
16. I left my books inside my locker. about those classes.
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ADJ
17. That painting must be extremely valuable. 14. I especially have a lot to say when my his-
N
PRO tory class has gone on a field trip or my
18. That must be an extremely valuable V
science class has performed an experiment.
painting. ADV
INTER 15. My brother generally shouts, “No more
19. Well, that seems like a good idea. CONJ
stories about fossils and explosions!”
20. Don’t you think that everyone on the team
ADV 16. My mother often has said to my brother,
played well? V PRO [or ADJ]
“Let your sister finish her story.”
Review A: Parts of Speech, p. 25 PREP
EXERCISE 17. In addition to telling about my classes and
PREP
In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our, extracurricular activities, I tell about what
and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre- my friends and I do at lunch.
fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to ADJ PRO
refer to the answers in brackets for items 3 and 16. 18. Frequently, one story leads to the next one
PRO ADJ and then to the next and the next.
1. This is an important time for all of us. PRO
V PREP 19. As I keep going from one story to another,
2. We discuss what we have done during the PREP
big grins appear on my parents’ faces.
day.
ADV PRO [or ADJ] 20. When I ask why they are grinning, they
3. It is usually hard for my little brother to INTER V
recall what he has done. reply, “Well, wouldn’t you like to hear a lit-
CONJ tle about our day?”
4. Then Mom or Dad asks him some
N
questions. Review B: Parts of Speech, p. 26
INTER ADV EXERCISE
5. “Oh, I remember now,” my brother eventu-
In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our,
ally says. and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre-
PREP ADJ fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to
6. Then he begins telling about his morning
refer to the answer in brackets for item 16.
adventures. N ADJ
ADV ADJ 1. My grandfather, a Texas rancher, loves dogs.
7. He often becomes quite lively when he N V
talks about them. 2. The porch of his ranch house ordinarily is
PRO V full of dogs of all shapes and sizes.
8. Some of my brother’s stories sound silly to
me.
Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice Answer Key 13
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PRO PRO
3. My grandmother, who is fond of cats, has 20. Rascal seems to act as protector of all of the
ADJ ADJ
several big Persian cats. other dogs on the ranch.
ADJ
4. They generally feel happiest inside the Review C: Parts of Speech, p. 27
V
house because, outside, the dogs will chase EXERCISE
them up the nearest tree. In this book the words my, your, his, her, its, our,
and their are called possessive pronouns. If you pre-
5. Some of the smaller cats cannot climb back fer to call these words adjectives, you will want to
ADV
down, and a ranch hand must rescue them refer to the answer in brackets for item 3.
PREP N ADJ
with a ladder. 1. Thousands of wildflowers are native to
INTER N
6. “Whew, those dogs can be such a bother!” Australia.
ADJ
my grandmother exclaims. 2. Among those species is a red-and-green
CONJ N
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7. Needless to say, the quiet cats and the play- wildflower called the kangaroo paw.
ADV PRO [or ADJ] PRO
ful dogs do not mix well. 3. Its shape resembles that of a kangaroo’s
V
8. Grandfather keeps the mischievous dogs hind foot.
N
away from the cattle. 4. Other plants found in Australia include the
PRO ADJ ADV N
9. Many of the steers angrily charge all dogs. especially fragrant honeyflower and the
10. Grandfather’s dogs usually stay inside the beautiful fuchsia.
CONJ PREP
wooden fence, but occasionally they leave 5. With bright red blooms the spear lily
N ADV
this safe place. commonly grows twelve feet tall.
V N V
11. If they do wander near the cattle, the dogs 6. Many different varieties of orchid thrive on
ADV
are soon forced to retreat. the continent.
ADV INTER ADJ
12. The dogs then return to their comparatively 7. Oh, how delicate the lovely orchids are!
PREP PREP
dull life inside the yard. 8. Across the continent grows the acacia,
ADJ ADV
13. Frequent visits from us always delight which is often called the wattle tree.
PRO
them. 9. Early European settlers in Australia discov-
PRO V V
14. When the dogs see us, they wag their tails ered that they could build walls and roofs
CONJ
enthusiastically. by intertwining, or wattling, the flexible
ADV PREP branches of the acacia.
15. Generally, the excited dogs crowd around
PREP
us. 10. Also growing throughout Australia is the
PRO [or ADJ] N
16. My little brother’s favorite dogs, naturally, eucalyptus, or the gum tree.
N ADJ ADJ
are the puppies. 11. Eucalyptus leaves are the principal source
ADJ V
17. The roly-poly puppies frequently stumble of food for the koala.
PRO
and fall. 12. The koala is a marsupial, an animal that has
18. The puppies ordinarily stay near the an external abdominal pouch for carrying
PREP PREP N
kennels throughout their first year of life. and nursing its young.
PRO PREP
19. The oldest dog that lives at the ranch is a 13. In addition to the koala, more than forty
N V
German shepherd named Rascal. kinds of kangaroo live in Australia.
ADJ
14. One of the tallest species is the red 17. The platypus is unlike most other mammals
N ADV PRO
kangaroo; much smaller are the wallaby in that it lays eggs.
V
and the rat kangaroo. 18. Australia also has many special birds,
PREP CONJ
15. Among other Australian marsupials are the including the emu and the black swan.
PRO
wombat, which resembles a small bear, and 19. Unlike most other birds, the emu cannot fly,
CONJ V
the bandicoot, which looks like a rat. but it can run very swiftly.
PRO ADV INTER
16. One of the most unusual mammals on the 20. Wow! The black swan certainly looks
continent is the platypus. ADJ
powerful in flight!
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EXERCISE A
1. wall; Señor Aguilar’s; hotel; Avenida Ruiz; before dark!
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.