AMERICAN SPANISH

SOCIAL LIFE SOCIAL LIFE

- The society of the United States is based on -
Western culture, and has been developing since
long before the United States became a country AMUSEMENT
with its own unique social and cultural - Hispanic influence is based on Indigenous, and
characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social European tradition. Folk dance, music, and
habits, cuisine, folklore, etc. Today the United literature have remained intact in the 21st
States of America is an ethnically and racially century. These were introduced from Spain in
diverse country as a result of large-scale the 16th century, and can be regarded as
immigration from many different countries largely Hispanic in constitution, which have
throughout its history. remained in the Philippines for centuries.
AMUSEMENT
- Movies became popular, especially Hollywood
movies and more on action movies. New kinds
of music were introduced, new genres. Such as
green day, Michael Jackson songs, and etc. Also,
Filipinos learn to watch sports and also play
sports, such as soccer, boxing, swimming and
etc. Early amusement parks in the United States
began as picnic grounds that provided a place for
working men to relax after work. They could
also bring their families to enjoy inexpensive
entertainment and food

CLOTHING
- The "jeans and T-shirts" combination was
introduced to the Filipinos by the Americans.
- When the Americans came and became the
second country to colonize the islands, the
fashion remained the same for the first five years
of the 20th century. But it has started to change
and became more modern in contrast to the
conservative style of the previous centuries as
the Americans started to influence the modern
Filipino culture. The women then wore the Traje
de Mestiza, the more modern version of
the Maria Clara. It had bigger sleeves and a
narrower floor length skirt with a long train
called saya de cola and replaced the full wide
skirt reflecting the Edwardian Fashion of the
West. By the 1920s, the style of the skirt still
remained, influenced by the flapper dress;
however, the wide sleeves had been replaced by
butterfly sleeves (popularized by local couturier
Pacita Longos), and the big pañuelo reduced its
size. Such trends had gained prominence
especially during the annual Manila Carnivals of
1920s and through the 1930s. Some Filipino
women who had lived in United States and in
 Europe wore the western 1920's fashion with
loose dresses and knee length skirt. Men wore
the Americana, the suit and coat worn in the
West, mostly Americans (hence the name),
replacing the traditional Barong Tagalog
Here are a few types of clothing that America
introduced to the Filipino culture:
- Belts
- Suspenders
- Polo shirts
- Tennis shoes
- Short skirts/dresses
- Bonnets/hats
- High heels
- Pantyhose
- Make-up

HOUSES
- With the arrival of the Americans in 1898 came a
new breed of architectural structures in
the Philippines. Foremost of the American
contributions to the country was the
establishment of civil government. This led to
the erection of government buildings from the
city all the way to the municipal level. Designed
in the most respectable manner, these
government houses resembled Greek or Roman
architecture.[11]
The revival period, popular at the turn of the century,
became the foremost architectural parlance of the era
as seen in such buildings particularly in Manila.
Education of the masses also became the thrust of
the American occupation, as such, public education
was established, foremost of which is the University
of the Philippines.[citation needed] With American rule
firmly established in the Philippines, the military
government at the time invited the well-known
architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham to
develop Manila.[21] Burnham's arrival led to the
formation of the Burnham Plan which identifies the
city of Manila as a uniquely European city in the
tropics and as such opposed to develop its
architecture in line with the existing style. The style
of architecture, as suggested, varies little from
existing architecture at the time as typified by
the Manila Hotel.[22] New structures continued the
use of conventional motifs but were made of more
durable materials such as concrete. This style of
architecture prevailed even after the turn of the
century.
The Luneta Hotel, located in Kalaw Avenue, is one
of the remaining structures that survived the
liberation of Manila in 1945. According to Dean
Joseph Fernandez of the University of Santo Tomas,
the hotel was designed by the Spanish architect-
engineer Salvador Farre.
At the Far Eastern University (FEU) in Quiapo,
Manila, five Art Deco structures on the campus were
designed by National Artist Pablo Antonio. Three
were built before World War II and two, after.

Position of women
- When Spain lost the Spanish–American War in
1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United
States of America. The U.S.A. introduced a new
public education system which retained
opportunity to every child regardless of gender.
Through the American-patterned school system,
Filipino women became professionals,[5][12] although
most of them and their male counterparts opted for
making use of their former education roots and
expressed themselves in Spanish or Tagalog.
According to the Monroe Commission on Philippine
Education: “Upon leaving school, more than 99% of
Filipinos will not speak English in their homes.
Possibly, only 10% to 15% of the next generation
will be able to use this language in their occupations.
In fact, it will only be the government employees,
and the professionals, who might make use of
English.

RELIGION
- This unique combination of foreign influences
produced a complex but beautiful local culture
that somehow turned out to be distinctly Filipino.
Religion is probably the biggest imprint left by
the Spanish, who converted most of the
population to Christianity, while the Americans
boosted the Philippine educational system and
made English as the second language of the
country.
- Although Catholicism was, and still is, the
predominant religion in the Philippines, the
Americans were more open and permitted
Filipinos to join whichever religion they desire.
Protestantism became widespread, since majority
of schoolteachers appointed by the Americans
were Protestant ministers. In addition, Jehovah's
 Witnesses and the Seventh-day Adventist Church
were introduced by their respective American
missionaries, both of which are still active in the
Philippines up to this day. Currently, the
majority of Filipinos are Catholics, while the
remaining fraction is composed of Muslims, as
well as members of Evangelicalism, Iglesia ni
Cristo, Philippine Independent Church
(Aglipayan), and various other religions.

EDUCATION
- The United States government agreed to having
Filipinos in the United States to acquire
knowledge on Western culture and civilization.
This program encouraged Filipinos to obtain
education in the United States and return to the
Philippines. The first year of the program there
were about 20,000 applicants with only one
hundred of Filipinos men ultimately selected to
study abroad in the United States. About forty
boys and eight girls were chosen each year in
1904 and 1905.[2] Students were spread across the
United States to participate in higher education.
The program, which ended in 1943 and sought to
train future Philippine leaders in preparation for
post-World War II independence, also fostered
beliefs in the supremacy of U.S. institutions,
language, and white culture as compared to
traditional Philippine culture.
- First teachers were called Thomasites. Medium
for instruction is English. Schools established
during American period are, University of the
Philippines, Philippine Normal College, and
other agricultural schools.

POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

- The Americans gave Filipinos limited self-
government at the local level by 1901, and the
Americans passed the Philippine Organic Act in
1902 to introduce a national government; by
1907, an election to the Philippine Assembly was
held. Led by Sergio Osmeña, the assembly was
held predominantly by the Nacionalista Party,
which advocated independence; they were
opposed by the Progresista Party, which
advocated statehood within the United States.
The Americans controlled the Philippine
Commission, the upper house of the Philippine
Legislature. The Nacionalista-dominated
 Philippine Assembly, and later the Philippine
Senate, which was created by the Jones Law and
replaced the Philippine Commission, was often
at odds with the Governor-General. However, the
Nacionalistas were split into camps loyal to
Osmeña and Senate President Manuel L.
Quezon. Several independence missions were
sent to Washington, D.C.; the OsRox Mission led
by Osmeña and House Speaker Manuel
Roxas resulted in the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act.
However, the Senate rejected this; a new law,
the Tydings–McDuffie Act which was
marginally different and more importantly, was
supported by Quezon, was approved and paved
the way for the Commonwealth of the
Philippines.
Quezon and Osmeña reconciled, and both were
easily elected as president and vice president
respectively, in 1935. The Nacionalistas controlled
the now unicameral National Assembly for the
entirety of the Commonwealth, with the
understanding that the Americans would grant
independence in the near future. Quezon pressed for
constitutional amendments that would allow him to
obtain a second term, and the restoration of a
bicameral legislature. Quezon did obtain both
amendments, with the newly restored Senate now
being elected at-large instead of per districts, as what
was done during the pre-Commonwealth era.
Quezon, Osmeña and the Nacionalista Party as a
whole both won the elections in 1941 in much larger
margins.
The Japanese invasion of 1941 at the onset of World
War II delayed this granting of independence, forced
the Commonwealth government to go into exile, and
subjected the country to a puppet government.
The KALIBAPI became the sole legal political
party, and Jose P. Laurel was declared president of
the Second Philippine Republic. This nationalist
KALIBAPI government espoused anti-American
sentiment. Exiled leaders of the previous first
Commonwealth government, including Quezon and
Osmeña, provided limited support to the U.S.
Despite the relationship with Japanese officials and
opposition to U.S. control, the nationalist
KALIBAPI government of Laurel refused to declare
war on the U.S. However, the Americans
reconquered the country in 1944, and Osmeña, who
had succeeded Quezon upon the latter's death,
restored the Commonwealth government. The first
meeting of a bicameral Commonwealth Congress
occurred.
The Nacionalistas were split anew in the 1946
presidential election, with Manuel Roxas setting up
what would later be the Liberal Party. Roxas
defeated Osmeña, and became the last president of
the Commonwealth; the Americans agreed to grant
independence on July 4, 1946.