CHAPTER 28

INTELLECTUAL AND CULTURE GROWTH UNDER AMERICA

The Philippines relationship with the united states has been robust, dynamic and strategic.
This relationship is nurtured by a shared history and adherence to common values, especially a
commitment to freedom, democracy, and a market economy. From combating war against
poverty, the partnership between the Philippines and the US is broad-based, opening fresh avenues
for greater cooperation.
PHILIPPINE life change tremendously as an AMERICAN COLONY because of the
heritage we acquired from them that influence a lot into our life today.

OUR AMERICAN HERITAGES

The Bible and Religious Freedom

-Filipinos became free to choose there own religion
-started the great religious revival in the country

RELIGION

Protestantism was introduced

Protestantism. Protestantism arrived in the Philippines with the take-over of the islands by
Americans at the turn of the 20th century. In 1898, Spain lost the Philippines to the United States.
More or less than 300 thousand Filipinos became protestant.

Other Christian Churches

Presbyterians – in 1899
Baptists – in 1900
Disciple of Christ – in 1905
Methodist Episcopalians – in 1908
Aglipayanism –In August 3 1902, Philippine Independent Church was established in MANILA
-founder Isabelo Delos Reyes
-he founded the Democratic Labor Union in July 1901
-De los reyes proclaimed Father Gregorio Aglipay as the new church’s Supreme
Bishop.
- On October 17, 1902 Aglipay agreed to head the new church
- On January 18,1903 he was formally consecrated as the SUPREME BISHOP
- The new church known as AGLIPAYAN CHURCH
IGLESIA FILIPINA INDEPENDIENTE
Philippine Independent Church
- IN 1939 census, 9.8% of the population claimed to be Aglipayans.

There was a separation of the church and state.

 Revival of Protestanism such as:

NON-CHRISTIAN BELIEVERS
MUSLIMS

GOVERNMENT

Democracy – the greatest legacy that Americans gave us

-3 BRANCHES OF DEMOCRACY
Executive ( President)
Legislative (Senate and Congress)
Judiciary (DOJ)

 Filipino women enjoyed greater right such as the freedom to:

1. Vote
2. Work in office
3. Hold public office
4. Study with men in school
5. Go out without chaperon

 free national elections, women voters, free press, many political parties and
religious freedom

1898 – America stopped us from becoming democratic

1899-1901- we were already on our way to democracy under the short lived FIRST
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

EDUCATION

 In January 1901, the Taft Commission enacted Act No. 74 which established the
Philippine Public School System
 It provide free primary education and the establishment of a school to train
Filipino teachers
- education was no longer the privilege of just a few rich families but even the poor
 August 23, 1901 the first group of 600 teachers from the united states arrived in
manila on board the transport ship THOMAS
  These teachers came to be known as the THOMASITES
 Public schools where opened up
 First teachers are the AMERICAN SOLDIERS
 August 1898 – 7school were opened
 Use ENGLISH as a medium of instruction
 Elementary Schools : 7-year course
 High School : 4-year course
 Those who finished high school could take up higher education in a public junior
college or at the UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES which was created in 1908
by Act No. 1870 enacted by the Philippine Assembly and the Philippine
Commission.

 PENSIONADOS-FILIPINOS –bright young Filipino students

-scholars sent to U.S for free government pensions in American colleges
and universities

 SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED
1. PHILIPPINE NORMAL SCHOOL (1901)
2. SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY (1901)
3. CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY (1907)founded by Librada
Avelino and Carmen DeLuna
4. PHILIPPINE WOMENS UNIVERSITY (1919) est.by Francisca T.
Benitez

 By 1935 – there were 1,229,242 students enrolled in 7330 public schools throughout
the country.
 The private schools which numbered about 400 had a total student population of
97,500.

GOVERNOR-GENERAL FRANK MURPHY (1935)

“No people ever accepted the blessings of education with more enthusiasm than the Filipinos”
INFRASTRACTURE

 Transportation and Communication was improved

 American built roads, streets, and bridges
 The new infrastractures help make the movement of product and services more efficient
 Boulevards, zone districts and centers of leisure were also established
 American architecture are still present today. PNU, Manila Hotel and PGH are some
examples.

ENTERTAINMENT

 Hollywood Movies became more popular

 New kind of music and dance were introduced like rock n roll, boogie, jazz, tango, chacha,
polka, and rhumba.
 Filipinos learned to watch and play games like table tennis, basketball, volleyball, boxing and
football.
HEALTH AND SANITATION

 Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene and healthy practices
 Government built free Philippine General Hospital,clinics,and health centers in Manila and in
other places in the provinces.
 Introduction of flush toilet
 Sicknesses wiped-out and reduced:
Epedimics of cholera
Small pox
Plague
Tuberculosis
Malaria
Thypoid

FOODS

 CORN FLAKES
 OAT MEAL
 HAM
 EGG
 SANDWICHES
 HAMBURGERS
 ICE CREAM
 CHEWING GUM
 COOKIES
 DONUTS

CLOTHING

 MEN
- they wear Suits, Polo Shirts, Ties and Jeans
 WOMEN
- they wear Dresses, Fancy hats, High-heeled shoes, Silks stocking, handbags, put on make-
ups and hemlines become shorter.

HOUSES

 New types of houses and construction like

- bungalows
- two story concrete houses
- earthquake proof buildings
 AMERICAN BUILDINGS
Manila post office building
Philippine General Hospital
Philippine Normal College
ATTITUDE

 Filipinos became more frank, hard work, practical, open-mindedness

 We developed a stronger belief in rights and freedom
 PAGMAMANO was replaced by kissing the cheeks of parents and elders as a sign of respect
 Filipinos adopted American names like Charlie, John, James, Mary, Cherry etc.
 Americanization of Filipinos
 Colonial Mentality
 Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were replaced by merely saying HI or HELLO
 Filipinos started to prefer white-collar jobs
 Traditional Filipino food was replaced like bibingka puto
 Lost our sense of “ BAYANIHAN”
 In summary, we seemed to reject our own identity.