Institutional History of

Schools, Corporations,
Industries and the like

Prepared by:
Anoba, Nova Marie
Tabuelog, Angelie Joyce
 Objectives:
After the discussion the learners will be able to;
To analyze and evaluate the impact of colonialism, economic policies, and
social changes on the development and evolution of these institutions.

To develop a sense of appreciation and cultural awareness of these

diverse historical, cultural, and social influences that have shaped these
institutions

To construct a coherent narrative of the development and changes in

these institutions over time.
 INTRODUCTION
Philippines is a country rich in history and
culture. With more than 300 years in
colonization by Spaniards , it is not surprising
to see traces of the Spanish rule even in the
modern times, particularly in the schools and
universities established way back the late
1500s. Although some already defunct , there
are still a handful of old educational
institutions in existence today.
EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
4
 Pre-Colonial Philippines
• In Visayan communities, Babaylan ( catalonan in Tagalog )
served as educators.

• Children also received their education from their parents on

matters such as the household or hunting.

• Most communities, stories , songs, poetry, dances medicinal

practices and advice regarding all sort of community life
issues were passed from generation to generation mostly
through oral tradition.

• Some communities utilized a writing system - the baybayin.

 Spanish Colonization
• educational system were formalized yet it remain exclusive
to children of Spanish officers at first then to rich mestizos

• school run by religious orders such as the; FRANCISCANS,

DOMINICIANS, AUGUSTINIANS and JESUITS

• boys - went colegios

girls - beaterios or finishing school for womanhood

• LAW OF THE INDIES - based on order of King Philip ll, to

where Spanish conquistadors teach the native Spanish.
 Spanish Colonization
• Education of natives Spanish was mostly ecumenical that
involves friars learnings; the indigenous languages and
written prayers from Latin.

• Tomas Pinpin - Tagalog printer working for the Dominician

press - wrote the book Romanized Phonetic Script to teach
the Tagalog a Spanish language. The book would be
published in 160, the first book published by a Philippine
native.
 Spanish Colonization
• books that published in Spanish era are archived at the
University of Santo Tomas

• Spanish government issued the Educational Decree of 1863

- states that 2 schools required per municipality ( one for
boys and one for girls ) and standardize curriculum. -
established the Superior Commission on Primary Education (
presently, DepEd )
 Spanish Colonization
OLDEST HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
ESTABLISHED THIS ERA:

1. Colegio de San Ignacio - first school and college for

boys.
2. lldefonso - established in Cebu in 1595.
3. Escuala Pia - renamed into Ateneo Municipal then
Ateneo de Manila University (1589)
4. University of Santo Tomas (1611)
5. Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589) - first school and
college for girls
 American Period
• introduce American culture and ideals

• US introduce public - school system, especially through

600 American teachers abroad.

• Children aged 7 and above obliged to register at the

nearest school education infrastructure established during
Spanish era

• levels of education were divided into; elementary,

secondary, tertiary or college level
 American Period
COLLEGES BUILT DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD

1. Philippine Normal School (1901)

2. St. Paul University (1904)
3. Zamboanga Normal School (1904)
4. University of Manila (1914)
5. Philippines Women's University (1919)
6. Far Eastern University (1933)
 Japanese Occupation
• issued Military Order No. 2 which listed the basic
guidelines of education for re - opening of schools;
o enrich Filipino culture
o Recognize the Philippine - Japan relations by being
part of the Greater East Asia CoProsperity sphere
o Learn the Japanese language instead of English
o Foster love of work
 Education in Present Time
• American system heavily influences the Philippine education
system with English as the main medium of instruction

• pattern of formal education has 4 stages; preparatory and

kindergarten, primary, secondary, and college

• House Bill 7350 or the American Calendar Shift of 2018 proposed

mandatory shift in academic calender moving the school year from
June to August.

• In 2013, Pres. Benigno lll signed the K - 12 program which cover

kindergarten and 12 years of basic education ( 6 years of primary, 4
of Junior High School and 2 years of Senior High School )
HISTORY OF
SCHOOLS
14
 University of San Carlos
▪ USC is one of the largest universities in Cebu City
▪ It was originally called the Colegio-Seminario de San
Carlos
▪ USC was founded by Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo
▪ USC began functioning as a university in 1867
▪ Some sources claim that USC's origin can be traced back
to 1559 with the foundation of the Jesuit school, Colegio
de San Ildefonso
University of San Carlos
 University of Santo Tomas
▪ a Catholic university
▪ founded in 1611
▪ was originally called Colegio de Nuestra Señora Del
Santisimo Rosario
▪ The original campus built in Intramuros
▪ In 1865, the institution served as the Department of
Education when it was authorized by Queen Isabella II of
the Spanish monarchy to direct and supervise all the
schools in the Philippines
University of Santo Tomas
University of San Juan de Lectran
▪ Traces its history from two schools:
- Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran
founded by Don Geronimo Guerrero in 1620
- Colegio de Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo
established by Brother Diego de Santa Maria
▪ Two schools were merged in 1630
▪ Have made notable contributions in Philippine society
including presidents, heroes, media personalities, and
prominent names in education, literature, and sports.
University of San Juan de Lectran
Santa Isabel College of Manila
▪ One of the oldest existing colleges in the country starting in
1632 as the all-girls school Real Colegio de Santa Isabel.
▪ The school started to accept boys in 1970 in its Music
Department, 1995 in Lower Basic Education, and 2003 in
Upper Basic Education.
▪ It opened its music department in 1930, being one of the
pioneer schools in the country to offer the degree.
Santa Isabel College of Manila
 Santa Catalina College
▪ founded in 1706 as Colegio de Santa Catalina
▪ can be dated as early as 1969, which was a convent for
Spanish women with the establishment of Beaterio de
Santa Catalina
▪ was destroyed during World War II along with other
institutions built during the Spanish era
▪ transferred from its old Intramuros site to Legarda St.,
Manila
Santa Catalina College
 Ateneo de Manila
▪ Founded in 1859 by the Spanish Jesuits as the public
primary school Escuela Municipal in Intramuros, Manila
▪ Changed its name to Ateneo de Manila when the Americans
came to the Philippines
▪ Moved from its old campus in Intramuros to its current
Loyola Heights, Quezon City location
▪ Known as the Home of the Blue Eagles
Ateneo de Manila
 Concordia College
• Founded in 1868 by Doña Margarita Roxas de Ayala
• Has a connection to Jose Rizal - where his sisters Saturnina,
Olympia, and Soledad graduated, and the place where he
met Leonor Rivera
• Also known as Colegio de la Imaculada and Concepcion de
la Concordia
Concordia College
 St. Mary’s College
▪ Established in 1684 as Beaterio de la Compania de Jesus
▪ In 1939, the Beaterio was renamed to St. Mary's College
▪ From an exclusive all-girls school to a co-educational
institution
▪ Started accepting boys to its student body after the war
▪ Moved to its present location in Mother Ignacia Avenue,
Quezon City in 1950
St. Mary’s College
 OLDEST
CORPORATIONS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
31
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Destileria Limtuaco - founded

by Lim Tua Co in 1850, known
for the popular medicinal wine
Sioktong.
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Ayala Corporation – founded

by Domingo Roxas and
Antonio de Ayala in 1834.
- the country’s oldest and
largest conglomerate.
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Manila Times - founded

by American businessman
Thomas Gowan in 1898, the
first bulletin to carry English
cable news in the Philippines.
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Benguet Corporation - formed

in 1903 by three Americans to
tap the minerals in Northern
Province, introduced modern
mining processes in the
Philippines.
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

San Miguel Corporation –

founded in 1890, the biggest
publicly traded food and
beverage corporation in the
Philippines and Southeast Asia,
produces various products.
HISTORY OF
INDUSTRIES
37
◾The Philippines has a long history of economic activity in
agriculture, fishing, and handicrafts.

◾The Spanish colonial period introduced the encomienda system

and forced labor or “polos y servicios”, leading to the
development of industries such as agriculture, mining, and
construction.

◾The American colonial period encouraged the growth of

export-oriented industries and introduced modern infrastructure.

◾The Philippine government implemented import substitution

policies in the post-World War II era to promote industrial
development. 38
◾1960s and 1970s saw a period of rapid industrial growth, fueled
by foreign investments and the establishment of export processing
zones.

◾The 1980s saw a decline in industrial production due to

political instability, corruption, and poor infrastructure.

◾Today, the Philippines' industrial sector is dominated by

manufacturing industries such as electronics, food and beverage,
and textiles, as well as a thriving business process outsourcing
industry.
39
HISTORY OF
RELIGION
40
41
RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Roman Catholicism
• Protestant Christianity, such as the Baptist
• Islam
• Iglesia ni Cristo
• Buddhism
• Indigenous beliefs

42
 Pre-colonial Philippines
Beliefs in Tagalog societies: Believed in Bathala who created
the earth and man and was superior to other gods, spirits,
and creatures that guaranteed nature.

Beliefs in Visayan societies: The babaylan were spirit

mediums, usually women, who invoked the gods and
proceeded with the rituals. Men had to dress up as women in
order to perform the rituals.
 Christianity and Islam
- Islam spread from Indonesia to the Philippines in 1350
- Islam was already established in Mindanao and Sulu before the
Spanish arrived in 1565
- Spanish colonization started the Christianization process in the 16th
century
- The Spanish made trade treaties with the Muslim communities in
Mindanao and Sulu instead of dominating them
- The Spanish Crown assigned five religious orders to Christianize the
natives: Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and the Recollects
- Reducciones were used to round up natives near the church for their
conversion
- Philippine Christianity is a mix of Christian monotheism and indigenous
animism
- Folk healers use Roman Catholic symbols in their healing rituals.
 American Period
- Americans focused on strengthening mass education
- Most of the American teachers were Protestants
- Resulted in a shift in the balance of Catholic influence as
Protestant groups controlled the system of public education in
the country
 Sects
- During the Philippine Revolution, the Catholic Church supported
the Spanish oppressors, prompting the need for a native church.
- Gregorio Aglipay was appointed to establish a nationalized
church, which became known as the Iglesia Filipina Independiente
or Aglipayan Church.
- In the twentieth century, 25 to 33 percent of the population was
Aglipayan.
- Felix Ysagun Manalo founded the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) in 1914,
which became the third-largest religion in the Philippines by 2015.
- Other religious groups were established to challenge the
Catholic Church's supremacy, including the Seventh-Day Adventist,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the Rizalist.
 Thank you!

SOURCES:
https://www.slideshare.net/DaguilJoyceA/institutional-history-of-schoolspptx
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/436178443/History-report-pptx#
https://www.scribd.com/document/431824781/Institutional-history-of-Schools-and-industry
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/aurora-state-college-of-technology/bachelor-in-secondary-
education/unit-x-institutional-history-of-schools-corporations-industries-religious-groups-and-the-like/22650675