Group 9: Institutional History of Schools, Corporations, Industries and the like
University of Manila (1914)
Philippines is a country rich in history and
culture. With more than 300 years in
colonization by Spaniards , it is not surprising
to see traces of the Spanish rule even in the
modern times, particularly in the schools and
universities established way back the late
1500s. Although some already defunct , there
are still a handful of old educational
institutions in existence today.
EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
Pre-Colonial Philippines
In Visayan communities, Babaylan ( catalonan in Tagalog )
served as educators.
• Children also received their education from their parents on
matters such as the household or hunting.
• Most communities, stories , songs, poetry, dances medicinal
practices and advice regarding all sort of community life
issues were passed from generation to generation mostly
through oral tradition.
• Some communities utilized a writing system - the baybayin.
Spanish Colonization
• educational system were formalized yet it remain exclusive
to children of Spanish officers at first then to rich mestizos
• school run by religious orders such as the; FRANCISCANS,
DOMINICIANS, AUGUSTINIANS and JESUITS
• boys - went colegios
girls - beaterios or finishing school for womanhood
• LAW OF THE INDIES - based on order of King Philip ll, to
where Spanish conquistadors teach the native Spanish.
• Education of natives Spanish was mostly ecumenical that
involves friars learnings; the indigenous languages and
written prayers from Latin.
• Tomas Pinpin - Tagalog printer working for the Dominician
press - wrote the book Romanized Phonetic Script to teach
the Tagalog a Spanish language. The book would be
published in 160, the first book published by a Philippine
native.
• books that published in Spanish era are archived at the
University of Santo Tomas
• Spanish government issued the Educational Decree of 1863
- states that 2 schools required per municipality ( one for
boys and one for girls ) and standardize curriculum. -
established the Superior Commission on Primary Education (
presently, DepEd )
OLDEST HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
ESTABLISHED THIS ERA:
1. Colegio de San Ignacio - first school and college for
boys.
2. lldefonso - established in Cebu in 1595.
3. Escuala Pia - renamed into Ateneo Municipal then
Ateneo de Manila University (1589)
4. University of Santo Tomas (1611)
5. Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1589) - first school and
college for girls
American Period
• introduce American culture and ideals
• US introduce public - school system, especially through
600 American teachers abroad.
• Children aged 7 and above obliged to register at the
nearest school education infrastructure established during
Spanish era
• levels of education were divided into; elementary,
secondary, tertiary or college level
COLLEGES BUILT DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD
1. Philippine Normal School (1901)
2. St. Paul University (1904)
3. Zamboanga Normal School (1904)
4.
5. Philippines Women's University (1919)
6. Far Eastern University (1933)
Japanese Occupation
issued Military Order No. 2 which listed the basic
guidelines of education for re - opening of schools;
oenrich Filipino culture
oRecognize the Philippine - Japan relations by being
part of the Greater East Asia CoProsperity sphere
oLearn the Japanese language instead of English
oFoster love of work
EDUCATION AT PRESENT TIMES
• American system heavily influences the Philippine education
system with English as the main medium of instruction
• pattern of formal education has 4 stages; preparatory and
kindergarten, primary, secondary, and college
• House Bill 7350 or the American Calendar Shift of 2018 proposed
mandatory shift in academic calender moving the school year from
June to August.
• In 2013, Pres. Benigno lll signed the K - 12 program which cover
kindergarten and 12 years of basic education ( 6 years of primary, 4
of Junior High School and 2 years of Senior High School )
HISTORY OF SCHOOLS
UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS
▪ USC is one of the largest universities in Cebu City
▪ It was originally called the Colegio-Seminario de San
Carlos
▪ USC was founded by Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo
▪ USC began functioning as a university in 1867
▪ Some sources claim that USC's origin can be traced back
to 1559 with the foundation of the Jesuit school, Colegio
de San Ildefonso
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
a Catholic university
▪ founded in 1611
▪ was originally called Colegio de Nuestra Señora Del
Santisimo Rosario
▪ The original campus built in Intramuros
▪ In 1865, the institution served as the Department of
Education when it was authorized by Queen Isabella II of
the Spanish monarchy to direct and supervise all the
schools in the Philippines
University of San Juan de Lectran
Traces its history from two schools:
- Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran
founded by Don Geronimo Guerrero in 1620
- Colegio de Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo
established by Brother Diego de Santa Maria
▪ Two schools were merged in 1630
▪ Have made notable contributions in Philippine society
including presidents, heroes, media personalities, and
prominent names in education, literature, and sports.
Santa Isabel College of Manila
One of the oldest existing colleges in the country starting in
1632 as the all-girls school Real Colegio de Santa Isabel.
▪ The school started to accept boys in 1970 in its Music
Department, 1995 in Lower Basic Education, and 2003 in
Upper Basic Education.
▪ It opened its music department in 1930, being one of the
pioneer schools in the country to offer the degree.
Santa Catalina College
ounded in 1706 as Colegio de Santa Catalina
▪ can be dated as early as 1969, which was a convent for
Spanish women with the establishment of Beaterio de
Santa Catalina
▪ was destroyed during World War II along with other
institutions built during the Spanish era
▪ transferred from its old Intramuros site to Legarda St.,
Manila
Ateneo de Manila
Founded in 1859 by the Spanish Jesuits as the public
primary school Escuela Municipal in Intramuros, Manila
▪ Changed its name to Ateneo de Manila when the Americans
came to the Philippines
▪ Moved from its old campus in Intramuros to its current
Loyola Heights, Quezon City location
▪ Known as the Home of the Blue Eagles
Concordia College
Founded in 1868 by Doña Margarita Roxas de Ayala
•Has a connection to Jose Rizal - where his sisters Saturnina,
Olympia, and Soledad graduated, and the place where he
met Leonor Rivera
•Also known as Colegio de la Imaculada and Concepcion de
la Concordia
St. Mary’s College
Established in 1684 as Beaterio de la Compania de Jesus
▪ In 1939, the Beaterio was renamed to St. Mary's College
▪ From an exclusive all-girls school to a co-educational
institution
▪ Started accepting boys to its student body after the war
▪ Moved to its present location in Mother Ignacia Avenue,
Quezon City in 1950
OLDEST CORPORATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Destileria Limtuaco – founded by Lim Tua Co in 1850, known
for the popular medicinal wine Sioktong.
Ayala Corporation – founded by Domingo Roxas and Antonio de Ayala in 1834.
The country’s oldest and
largest conglomerate.
The Manila Times – founded by American businessman Thomas Gowan in
1898, the first bulletin to carry English cable news in the Philippines.
Benguet Corporation – formed in 1903 by three Americans to
tap the minerals in Northern Province, introduced modern
mining processes in the Philippines.
San Miguel Corporation – founded in 1890, the biggest publicly traded food
and beverage corporation in the Philippines and Southeast Asia, produces
various products.
HISTORY OF INDUSTRIES
The Philippines has a long history of economic activity in
agriculture, fishing, and handicrafts.
The Spanish colonial period introduced the encomienda system
and forced labor or “polos y servicios”, leading to the
development of industries such as agriculture, mining, and
construction.
The American colonial period encouraged the growth of
export-oriented industries and introduced modern infrastructure.
The Philippine government implemented import substitution
policies in the post-World War II era to promote industrial
development. 38
1960s and 1970s saw a period of rapid industrial growth, fueled
by foreign investments and the establishment of export processing
zones.
The 1980s saw a decline in industrial production due to
political instability, corruption, and poor infrastructure.
Today, the Philippines' industrial sector is dominated by
manufacturing industries such as electronics, food and beverage,
and textiles, as well as a thriving business process outsourcing
industry.
HISTORY OF RELIGION
RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Roman Catholicism
• Protestant Christianity, such as the Baptist
• Islam
• Iglesia ni Cristo
• Buddhism
• Indigenous beliefs
Pre-colonial Philippines
Beliefs in Tagalog societies: Believed in Bathala who created
the earth and man and was superior to other gods, spirits,
and creatures that guaranteed nature.
Beliefs in Visayan societies: The babaylan were spirit
mediums, usually women, who invoked the gods and
proceeded with the rituals. Men had to dress up as women in
order to perform the rituals.
Christianity and Islam
Islam spread from Indonesia to the Philippines in 1350
- Islam was already established in Mindanao and Sulu before the
Spanish arrived in 1565
- Spanish colonization started the Christianization process in the 16th
century
- The Spanish made trade treaties with the Muslim communities in
Mindanao and Sulu instead of dominating them
- The Spanish Crown assigned five religious orders to Christianize the
natives: Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and the Recollects
- Reducciones were used to round up natives near the church for their
conversion
- Philippine Christianity is a mix of Christian monotheism and indigenous
animism
- Folk healers use Roman Catholic symbols in their healing rituals.
American Period
Americans focused on strengthening mass education
- Most of the American teachers were Protestants
- Resulted in a shift in the balance of Catholic influence as
Protestant groups controlled the system of public education in
the country
Sects
During the Philippine Revolution, the Catholic Church supported
the Spanish oppressors, prompting the need for a native church.
- Gregorio Aglipay was appointed to establish a nationalized
church, which became known as the Iglesia Filipina Independiente
or Aglipayan Church.
- In the twentieth century, 25 to 33 percent of the population was
Aglipayan.
- Felix Ysagun Manalo founded the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) in 1914,
which became the third-largest religion in the Philippines by 2015.
- Other religious groups were established to challenge the
Catholic Church's supremacy, including the Seventh-Day Adventist,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the Rizalist.
GROUP 10: TAX REFORM FOR ACCELERATION AND INCLUSION(TRAIN
Law)REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10963
WHAT IS TRAIN LAW
The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion(TRAIN) is the first package of
theComprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP)envisioned by President
Duterte’s administrationseeks to correct a number of deficiencies in thetax
system to make it simpler, fairer, and moreefficient. Through TRAIN, every
Filipino contributes tofunding more infrastructure and social services
toeradicate extreme poverty and reduce inequalitytoward prosperity for all.
WHO INTRODUCESTRAIN LAW IN THEPHILIPPINES?
On December 19, 2017, R.A. 10963 or the TaxReform for Acceleration and
Inclusion (TRAIN)was signed into law by President RodrigoDuterte.
OBJECTIVES OF TRAIN LAW
To eradicate extreme poverty To create inclusive institutions that will
offerequal opportunities to all, and To achieve higher income country status
The TRAIN Act is aimed to generate revenue toachieve the 2022 and 2040
vision of former Duterteadministration namely; To simplify its main objective,
the TRAIN Act aims to enhance the progressivity of the Philippines' taxsystem
by making it fairer and more efficient.
PROS AND CONS OF TRAIN LAW
PROS • They do not experience thetypical symptoms associatedwith
Increased infrastructure spending COVID-19.
Simplified tax structure
Enhanced social services COMMUNITY QUARANTINE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
ENHANCEDCOMMUNITYQUARANTINE (ECQ)
CONS This is the strictestlevel of quarantine,usually imposedwhen there
Higher prices of goods and services is a highnumber of COVID-19cases and asignificant risk
Inflationary pressures oftransmission.
Impact on small businesses MODIFIED
ENHANCEDCOMMUNITYQUARANTINE(MECQ)
WHO BENEFITS THE TRAIN LAW? This is a less strictform of quarantinethat allows forsome
The people in the country. Mainly,the Filipino students, Low-income workers, additionalactivities andservices to operate.
Infrastructure projects and construction industry, Government social services.
GENERALCOMMUNITYQUARANTINE (GCQ)
GROUP 11: COVID-19PHILIPPINES' BIGGESTHEALTH CRISIS It is typicallyimplemented whenthere is a moderaterisk of
WHAT IS COVID-19? transmission,and the situation ismore stable.
Illness caused by SARS-CoV-2termed COVID-19 by the WHOCOVID-19 derived
from"coronavirus disease 2019"Official designation for the virus:severe acute MODIFIED GENERALCOMMUNITYQUARANTINE (MGCQ)
respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)It is the fifth
documentedpandemic since 1918 flupandemic. This is the leastrestrictive level ofquarantine, usuallyimplemented
whenthe situation is undercontrol, and the risk oftransmission is
ORIGIN & IDENTIFICATION low.
• Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China - theplace where the virus was
first identified
• November 17, 2019 - first case of someonesuffering MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT COVID-19
from COVID-19 Myth: Taking certain medications, such as antibiotics,can prevent or treat
• December 1, 2019 - earliest date ofsymptom onset COVID-19.Fact: Antibiotics are not effective against viruses,including COVID-
• December 31, 2019 - the outbreak wasreported to the WHO 19. There is currently no specificmedication or cure for COVID-19, although
• January 31, 2020 - WHO declared theCOVID-19 outbreak a global vaccineshave been developed to prevent severe illness.Myth: COVID-19 is a
healthemergency. man-made virus.
• March 11, 2020 - WHO declared a globalpandemic Fact: COVID-19 is a naturally occurring virus thatoriginated in animals and was
transmitted to humans.There is no evidence to support the claim that it
COVID-19 IN THE PHILIPPINES wasintentionally created in a laboratory.
• JANUARY 22, 2020- First suspected case in the Philippines was
investigated Myth: Taking certain medications, such as antibiotics,can prevent or treat
• JAN. 30, 2020- The Philippines confirmed its first case ofCOVID-19, COVID-19.Fact: Antibiotics are not effective against viruses,including COVID-
a 38-year-old woman fromWuhan, China. 19. There is currently no specificmedication or cure for COVID-19, although
• FEB. 02, 2020- The Philippines reported its first COVID-19-related vaccineshave been developed to prevent severe illness.Myth: COVID-19 is a
death, the first known fatality outsideChina. man-made virus.
• MARCH 07, 2020- The Department of Health (DOH) reportedthe Fact: COVID-19 is a naturally occurring virus thatoriginated in animals and was
first local transmission of COVID-19. transmitted to humans.There is no evidence to support the claim that it
wasintentionally created in a laboratory.
• MARCH 16, 2020- Duterte decided to implement an
enhancedcommunity quarantine for the entire islandof Luzon.
Myth: Chinese vaccines are of lower quality compared tovaccines from other
• MARCH 17, 2020- Duterte signed Proclamation No. 929,declaring a
countries.Fact: The quality and safety of vaccines are assessed based
state of calamity in the entirecountry for a period of six months.
onscientific evidence and regulatory processes, not solely on thecountry of
• APRI 03, 2020-.The government decided to make itmandatory to
origin. Vaccines authorized or approved byregulatory agencies meet stringent
wear masks in public areas.
standards for quality,safety, and efficacy.Myth: Traditional remedies can cure
• SEP. 18, 2020- Through Proclamation No. 1021, Duterteextended
or prevent COVID-19.
the state of calamity “for a periodof one year, effective 13
Fact: There is currently no specific cure for COVID-19, and notraditional
September 2020 to 12September 2021
remedies have been scientifically proven to preventor treat the disease.
Relying solely on traditional treatmentswithout medical supervision can delay
SYMPTOMS
appropriate care andpotentially worsen the condition.
• FEVER
• COUGH RESPONSES ON COVID-19
• DYSPNEA
• FATIGUE EDUCATION (DEPED)
• BODY ACHES "New Normal Education Policy"Online learning platform/Distance learning
• HEADACHES (onlinelearning, modular learning,blended learning)DEPEd implemented the
• SORE THROAT BasicEducation- Learning ContinuityPlan (LCP)
• LOSS OF TASTE/SMELL
EDUCATION (CHED)
SYMPTOMATIC ONLINE LEARNING - which usesavailable online classrooms forinstruction
• Symptomatic cases refer toindividuals infected with theSARS- delivery.
CoV-2 virus who developsymptoms indicative of COVID-19. OFFLINE LEARNING - whichinvolves pri nted modules ordigital media in storage
• They experience one or moresymptoms associated devices.
withCOVID-19. BLENDED LEARNING - whichcombines offline and onlinemodes.

ASYMPTOMATIC
• Asymptomatic cases refer toindividuals infected with DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
theSARS-CoV-2 virus who do notdevelop any symptoms provide public with safety netstesting capacity, hospitalpreparedness,
ofCOVID-19. rehabilitationand treatment, contacttracing, prevention activitiesand public
awareness
 4. Account books and other financial records
RA ACT 11469
It is known as " Bayanihan to Heal asOne Act"It was signed on March 23, 5. Keepsakes, heirlooms and relics
2020It's an act declaring a national healthemergency throughout the
Philippinesas a result of the COVID-19 situation.It is the first national C. Newspapers and periodicals - including manuscript newspaper
healthemergency power legislated byCongress for the president to exerciseat D. PUBLIC RECORDS (Archival and manuscript sources)
least since the adoption of the 1987Constitution.
1. National/private/religious archives
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
FDA has issued Emergency UseAuthorizations (EUA) to 10 COVID-19 vaccines. a. Erecciones de pueblos, Varias provincias, Gobernadorcillos, Cabezas de
• Pfizer – Biotech barangays, Cedularios, Bandos I
• Oxford- Astrazeneca
• Sinovac b. Census reports- Tributos
• Sputnik V
• JanssenCovaxin c. Abstract of title and title deeds, land titles- Terrenos
• Moderna
• Sinopharm BIBP d. Surveyor's notes
• Sputnik Light
• Novavax e. Public school records

GROUP 12: LOCAL AND ORAL HISTORY f. Pension/veterans' bureaus

Traditional knowledge (TK), Indigenous knowledge (IK), and Local knowledge
generally refer to the long-standing traditions and practices of certain regional,
indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge also encompasses
the wisdom, knowledge, and teachings of these communities.
Indigenous knowledge (IK) refers to the traditional, local knowledge that is
unique to a given culture or society.
Local History
-Study of a particular region's past.
The region in question tends to be geographically small; usually a city, town,
or country. Local history concerns itself with many different subject areas
within the area: factual events, cultural heritago, genealogy, and folklore, to
name a few.
LOCAL HISTORY BASIS FOR NATIONAL HISTORY
A. Sources of information
1. Library and general sources
2. Provincial, town, city, barrio, sitio histories
3. Family histories and blographies-genealogies, genealogical notes, papers,
Local History - cont'd.
E. Business records - inventory, labor and personnel records
F. Church records and cemetery inscriptions, births, baptismal, confirmation,
marriages, deaths, illegitimate children
G. Archeological records - artefacts, e.g. jars, plates, old coins, ruins of
churches, burial sites, old buildings
What is Oral History?
Oral history is a method of conducting historical research through recorded
interviews between a narrator with personal experience of historically
significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of adding to
the historical record.
Principles and Best Practices
Principles and Best Practices for Oral History
The Oral History Association encourages individuals and institutions involved
with the creation and preservation of oral histories to uphold certain
principles, professional and technical standards, and obligations.

sketches, family trees, pedigree charts Oral History in the Digital Age
Oral History in the Digital Age is the go-to place for the latest information on
4. Military records -muster rolls digital technologies pertaining to all phases of the oral history process.

5. Directories- telephones, address, provincial directories Organizations

6. Maps Oral History Association

The Oral History Association, established in 1966, seeks to bring together all
7. Atlas and gazetteers persons interested in oral history as a way of collecting and interpreting
human memories to foster knowledge and human dignity.
8. Accounts of travelers
International Oral History Association
9. Anniversary addresses/speeches and sermons A professional association established to provide a forum for oral historians
around the world, and a means for cooperation among those concerned with
10. Fiesta programs, souvenirs of founding towns the documentation of human experience.

11. Audio-visual sources Conclusion

12. Special materials: minutas (legajos) We are all concerned passionately about the continued life, existence, and
availability of our research and cultural heritage collections.
Other sources of Information
Conclusion
1. Old residents - Oral history/interview • We care about our traditional manuscripts, newspapers, photographs,
books, sound recordings and archives. We care about our general collections
2. Private letters that are heavily used, carelessly handled, and poorly stored, because they
represent the teaching core of our libraries. We care about our cultural
3. Diaries, journals, memoirs, reminiscences treasures that speak so eloquently of the glories of our past and that we know
must inform the future