History of

Philippine Education
Analy B. Paz
Teacher I
 Objectives
1. Trace the history of the Philippine Education
System.
2. Identify, describe, the significant changes
implemented during each period.
Why is it important for
us to go back and
recall the past
education of the
Philippines?
 What do you know?
Directions: Identify the period by which the following
event happens. Be guided by the following
choices.

a. Pre-Colonial Period d. Japanese Occupation

b. Spanish Period e. Present Period
c. American Period
 What do you know?
1. Education was put under the control of religious
orders, the friars.
2. English and mathematics dominated the
curriculum.
3. The teaching of religion was prohibited.
 What do you know?
4. San Juan de Letran, a university for orphaned boys
was
built.
5. Schools are categorized into public (government) or
private (non-government).
6. The Ministry of Education was sponsored and created.
7. Education was proliferated through the religion of
Islam.
 What do you know?
8. The use of Tagalog was encouraged, especially in
Literature.
9. The medium of instruction used was Alibata.
10. Every child from age seven was obliged to register
at the nearest school.
 Answers

1. Education was put under the control of religious

orders, the friars. (B. Spanish Period)
2. English and mathematics dominated the
curriculum. (C. American Period)
3. The teaching of religion was prohibited.
(C. American Period)
 Answers
4. San Juan de Letran, a university for orphaned boys
was
built. (B. Spanish Period)
5. Schools are categorized into public (government) or
private (non-government). (E. Present Period)
6. The Ministry of Education was sponsored and created.
(D. Japanese Occupation)
7. Education was proliferated through the religion of
Islam.
(Pre - Colonial Period)
 Answers
8. The use of Tagalog was encouraged, especially in
Literature. (D. Japanese Occupation)
9. The medium of instruction used was Alibata.
(Pre – Colonial Period)
10. Every child from age seven was obliged to register
at the nearest school. (C. American Period)
1. Pre – Colonial Period
 Pre – Colonial Period
There was no formal
schooling. Education was
practical, oral and hands-
on.
The education was fit for
the needs of their location
and times.
The type of education that
was taught was one of beliefs
and traditions.
Communities were Muslim,
and education was
proliferated through the
religion of Islam.

Both Filipino men and women knew

how to read and write using their own
alphabet called alibata.
Alibata – composed of 17 symbols representing the
alphabet
Pre – Colonial
Period
Education is “informal” and
“unstructured”.
2. Spanish Period
 Spanish Period
Formal education was brought to the Philippines by the
Spaniards, which was conducted mostly by religious
orders. 
The establishment of schools from the primary level to the
tertiary level education came about all because of the
religious congregations.
The Spanish authorities in the Philippines were mandated
to educate the natives, to teach them how to read and write,
and to learn Spanish based on King Philip II’s Law of the
Indies (Leyes de Indias).
 Spanish Period
Problems faced by the friars in educating the natives:
1. The number of Spaniards in the Archipelago was limited
so the teaching of Spanish at that time was minimal
2. The Philippines was inhabited by diverse tribes with
different languages all with unique customs and religions.
3. The topography of the country - the seas, the mountain
ranges, the lush virgin forests and the absence of enough
good roads - made travel and communication difficult
during these years.
 Spanish Period
Schools for boys and for girls were then opened. Girls
had two types of schools - the beaterio, a school meant
to prepare them for the convent, and another, meant to
prepare them for secular womanhood.

The Spanish also introduced printing presses to produce

books in Spanish and Tagalog, sometimes using
baybayin. Tomas Pinpin, the Prince of Filipino printers,
made sure he published a book on how to learn Spanish.
 Spanish Period
The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public
education system in the Philippines, managed by the
government. Given the situation, the Spanish schools started
accepting Filipino students. It was during this time that the
intellectual Filipinos emerged.

As the early part of the seventeenth century approached,

there was already a system laid down for the secondary and
tertiary education, but it was not directed only by Christian
doctrines.
 Spanish Period

Although a systematic and institutionalized kind of

education was established, unfortunately there was
still inequality in attaining education.

With regard to higher education, the students

graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Bachiller en
Artes) degree.
 Established Schools During Spanish Period

Parochial Dominican Universidad de San Escuela

School School Ignacio Normal
Cebu, 1565 Bataan, 1581 Manila, First 1863
Colegio for Boys
 Established Schools During Spanish Period

“Colegio de Escuela Pia “Colegio de University of

San Idelfonso San Jose Santo Tomas
1589, Ateneo De
Cebu, 1595 1611 by the
Manila University 1600 by the friars Dominicans
 Established Schools During Spanish Period

Colegio de
San Juan de Colegio de Santa Santa
Letran Potenciana
1630 for orphaned
Isabel
1589, first college 1632 for orphaned
boys girls
for girls
 Even though many universities and schools
institutions were established, Science and
Mathematics were not much taught to the
students; the missionaries greatly emphasized
teaching the Christine doctrines, the reading of
Spanish books and a bit of the relevant native
language.
 Recall!
They are the teachers in the pre – colonial period.
(Babaylan/Katalonan)

It is the decree that provided free public education

system in the Philippines.
(Educational Decree of 1863)
They are the counterpart of priest, the ones who
teaches Koran.
(Imam)
 Recall!
It was the first name of Ateneo de Manila University.
(Escuela Pia)

It is the school for orphaned boys.

(San Juan de Letran)

It was the school for orphaned girls.

(Colegio de Santa Isabel)
3. American Period
 American Period
With their motive to spread their cultural values, specifically the
English language to the Filipino people, education became a very
important issue for the United States’ colonial governments and
they used it as a tool to fulfill their visions.

During the American period levels of education were divided into

three. Unlike during the Spanish period, religion was not part of
the school curriculum.
 American Period
Students who excelled academically were given a chance to continue
their studies and to pursue their expertise in their chosen fields or
professions in the United States. In return, they were to teach or
work in government offices after they finished their studies.

Volunteer American soldiers were the first teachers of the

Filipinos. Building classrooms wherever they were assigned was
part of their mission. Around August of the same year, 600 more
teachers called Thomasites arrived aboard with the ship USS
Thomas.
 American Period
Many elementary and secondary schools left behind by the
Spaniards were recycled and new ones were established in
cities and provinces, namely agricultural, business, normal
and vocational schools.

In accordance with the 1935 Constitution, free education in

public schools all over the country was provided by the
Commonwealth. Formal education was not only provided for
youngsters, adult education was also present.
 Established Schools in the American Period

Philippine National St. Paul Zamboanga

Normal University University Normal
School Dumaguete School
1901, now a
university 1901
1904 (now Western Mindanao
1904 State University
 Established Schools in the American Period

Philippine Philippine School of Central Luzon

Nautical School, Arts and Trades Agriculture School
Schools offering vocational education
during the American Period
 Focus of Education

 vocational and health  Discipline and proper

practices manners
 Cooking, farming,  Nationalism was
sewing and some emphasized in schools
household activities – teaching the students
 agricultural, business, about the deceased
and vocational courses Filipino heroes

Formal education was not only provided for youngsters,

adult education was also present.
4. Japanese Occupation
 Japanese Occupation
Started in 1941, the military administration outlined the
basic principles and guidelines of the education in the
Philippines.
 To enrich the Filipino culture and to stop patronizing
western countries, i.e., the United States and Great
Britain
 To recognize that the Philippines as a part of the
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so that the
Philippines and Japan could have good relations
 Japanese Occupation
Started in 1941, the military administration outlined the
basic principles and guidelines of the education in the
Philippines.
 To boost the morality of the Filipinos and instill
cautiousness of materialism
 To forget and to stop English language learning, and
instead learn and adopt Nippongo.
 To proliferate primary and vocational education
 To foster love for work
 Japanese Occupation

On October 14, 1943, the Ministry of

Education was sponsored and created
by the Japanese government. During
their time, the teaching of Tagalog,
Philippine History and Character
Education were observed in schools.
Passion for work and dignity of labor
was stressed.
 Japanese Occupation
Aside from teaching Nippongo and
using entirely pro-Japanese books and
material at all levels of education, the
Japanese also showed movies and
organized cultural productions.
Performers such as singers and dancers
were brought to the Philippines
together with painters, singers and
scholars, so that the Filipinos would
acquire inspiration, love, sympathy,
and the cooperation among them.
 Take Note!

Despite the measure being instituted by the Japanese,

they failed to succeed in transforming the values and
attitudes of the Filipino people in line with their vision
of the new order.
 True or False
1 In the American Period, religion is not part of the curriculum.
(TRUE)
The volunteer American soldiers were the first teachers of the
2
Filipinos) .
(FALSE)
3
Formal education in the American Period was only provided for
youngsters.
(FALSE)
 True or False
4
Passion for work and dignity of labor was stressed during the
Japanese occupation.
(TRUE)
5
The teaching and use of the English language was allowed by the
Japanese.
(FALSE)
6 Among the three colonizers of the Philippines, the Americans
dominated the Philippine education.
(TRUE)
 True or False

7 The friars did not encounter any problem in teaching the natives.

(FALSE)

8
With regards to education, equal treatment for boys and girls was
provided during the Spanish Period.
(FALSE)
 True or False
Parents in the pre – colonial period prepared their children to
9
become good husbands and wives in the future.
(TRUE)

10 Nationalism was given emphasis during the American Period.

(TRUE)
5. Third Republic to Recent Years
 Third Republic

With English as the medium of instruction,

the Philippine education is a prototype of the
American system. Schools are categorized
into public (government) or private (non-
government). The general pattern of formal
education has four stages.
 Third Republic
President Manuel Roxas issued Executive
Order No. 94 which renamed Department of
Instruction into Department of Education.
During this period, the regulation and
supervision of public and private schools
belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private
Schools.
 Fourth Republic

In 1972, the Department of Education became

the Department of Education and Culture
(DECS) under Proclamation 1081, which was
signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.
 Fourth Republic
President Marcos ratified the 1973 Constitution by
Proclamation 1102 on January 17, 1973. The 1973
Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of
education in the Philippines:

 to foster love of country

 to teach the duties of citizenship
 to develop moral character, self-discipline, and
scientific, technological and vocational
efficiency.
 Fourth Republic
 In 1978, by the Presidential Decree No.
1397, DECS became the Ministry of
Education and Culture.
 The Education Act of 1982 provided for an
integrated system of education covering
both formal and non-formal education at
all levels.
 This act also created the Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports.
 Fifth Republic
 Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution made
elementary school compulsory for all
children.
 In 1987, the Ministry of Education, Culture
and Sports became again the DECS under
Executive Order No. 117.
 the Congress of the Philippines enacted the
Republic Act 6655 or the Free Public
Secondary Education Act of 1988, which
mandated free public secondary education
commencing in the school year 1988-1989.
 Fifth Republic
 On February 3, 1992, the Congress
enacted Republic Act 7323, which
provided that students aged 15 to 25 may
be employed during their Christmas
vacation and summer vacation with a
salary not lower than the minimum wage--
with 60% of the wage paid by the employer
and 40% by the government.
 Fifth Republic
The Congressional Commission on
Education (EDCOM) report of 1991
recommended the division of DECS into three
parts. 

1. The Commission on Higher Education

(CHED), which assumed the functions of the
Bureau of Higher Education and supervised
tertiary degree programs
 Fifth Republic

2. The Technical Education and Skills

Development Act of 199, creating the
Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the
Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education as
well as the National Manpower and Youth
Council, and began to supervise non-degree
technical-vocational programs.
 Fifth Republic
3. DECS retained responsibility for all
elementary and secondary education

This threefold division became known as the

"trifocal system of education" in the
Philippines.
 Fifth Republic
 In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise
called the Governance of Basic Education Act,
was passed. This act changed the name of
DECS to the current Department of Education.
 Recent Years
 After further consultations and studies, the
government under President Aquino formally
adopted the K-6-4-2 basic education system--
Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by
virtue of the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012,
while the further twelve years were officially put
into law by virtue of the Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013.
Share some of your take-
aways from the topics that
were discussed.
 References
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1057820.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/roducado/the-philippine-educational-sys
tem-47030724
https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Educatio
n%20in%20the%20Philippines/history-education-philippines
https://kathleenkayebiay.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/timeline-of-p
hilippine-education.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/loreinmay/spanish-period-strategies-of

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