PRACTICAL RESEARCH

(QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)

NAME : Frondoza, Rogelyn B.

GRADE AND SECTIONS : 11- PLATO

DETAILS ABOUT THE WORK:

1. TITLE OF THE WORK: Drugs in the Environment.

2. AUTHOR: Jorgensen, S. E ; Halling - Sorensen, B.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES : Phenomenological Research

I. TOPIC : DRUGS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

II. SUMMARY :

METHODS Rats' uteri were prepared by the subcutaneous injection of stilboestrol (10/Ag. per
100 g. wt.) the day before the experiment. Ovariectomy (Erspamer, 1952a) did not seem to be
necessary. The uteri were suspended in a 2ml. bath at 300 C. and the solution was that
recommended by Gaddum, Peart, and Vogt (1949). Their contractions were recorded with a
lever on a smoked drum with a magnification of about 5. Drugs were added to the bath in small
measured volumes, and the concentrations recorded here were the final concentrations in the
bath. Either acetylcholine (ACh) or carbachol was given in alter-nate doses to control the
specificity of the effect of antagonist drugs. Thoroughly revised and updated, Drugs and Society,
Eleventh Edition, contains the most current information available concerning drug use and
abuse.

III. HYPOTHESIS :

The prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria is typically highest in younger animals,

and prevalence is not necessarily related to recent use of antimicrobial drugs. In dairy cattle, we
hypothesize that antimicrobial drug-resistant, neonate-adapted bacteria are responsible for the
observed high frequencies of resistant Escherichia coli in calves. To explore this issue, we
examined the age distribution of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli from Holstein cattle at a
local dairy and conducted an experiment to determine if low doses of oxytetracycline affected
the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli.

IV. METHODOLOGY :

We assessed the methods sections of the trials in each included meta-analysis for adequacy of
allocation concealment. We replicated each meta-analysis using the authors' methods but
included only trials that had adequate allocation concealment. Conclusions were defined as not
supported if our result was not statistically significant. Clinical examination and magnetic
resonance imaging were performed in 702 subjects (patients with schizophrenia spectrum [n =
210; mean age, 32.0 ± 9.3 (SD) years; 59% male], patients with bipolar

V. FINDINGS :

The occurrence and fate of five acidic drugs (Mefenamic acid, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac
and Clofibric acid) were analysed in three sewage treatment plants (STP) over 4–7 consecutive
days. The results point out that the five substances were persistent in wastewater effluents after
municipal wastewater treatment. At the most, half of Mefenamic acid was eliminated. Ibuprofen
was well removed (80%) by one sewage treatment plant.

VI: ERROR STRENGTHS/ WEAKNESS :

They supported their study by interviewing those people's who experience the issue and they
acquire which gives a strength to their research.
But the weakness is they didn't put a lot of facts that give a strong explanation how people's
drug addiction is a big problem.

VI. REFERENCE:

Special Issues : Drugs in the Environment

SE Jørgensen, B Halling-Sørensen - Chemosphere, 2000 - cabdirect.org