Resear

chPaper

Submi
tt
edby
:
Lai
baSohai
l(04)
Jav
eri
aMal
ik(
18)
Sy
edAht
isham ZaheerWar
si(
27)
Ay
eshaShaf
iq(
41)
HamzaRehman(
49)

Submi
tt
edt
o:
Maam Haf
sa
Topi
c:
Publ
icorgani
zat i
onsrelat
ionshi
pswithciti
zens,organi
zed
i
nter
ests,
electedof f
ici
als,
legali
nst
it
utions,pr
ivat
ef or-
profit
andnotfor-pr
of i
torganizat
ionsandotherpubli
cor gani
zations
Sessi
on:
2018-
22
Cl
ass:
Bspubl
icAdmi
nist
rat
ion
6thSemest
er(
Eveni
ng)
Ti
tl
e:
Publi
corganizat
ionsrelat
ionshi
pswithciti
zens,or
gani
zedinterest
s,
el
ectedoffi
cial
s,legali
nsti
tuti
ons,pr
ivat
ef or
-pr
ofi
tandnotfor-profi
t
organi
zat
ionsandot herpublicor
ganizat
ions
Abst
ract
:
Thet itleofourr esear chi s“ publicor gani zationsr elat i
onshi pswi t
hci t
izens,
organi zedi nterests,el ectedof f
icials, l
egal institut i
ons, priv atef or
-pr ofitand
notf or -profi
tor ganizat ionsandot herpubl i
cor gani zat ions” .Inthist opic
resear cher slearnedal i
nkbet weent hepubl icor gani zationsandot her
organi zationswhi chi ncludepr i
vat eor ganizat ions, othergov ernment
organi zationsandt heel ectedof fi
cial softhegov er nment .Resear cher suse
differentmet hodologi esl iker eviewi ngpr ev i
ousl ywr i
ttenar ticlesby
differentschol ar
si npastr elatedt ot histopi c.Resear cher sal soconduct ed
asur v eywi thquest ionsr elatedt ot het it
lewhi chhel psi ngai ning
i
nf ormat i
onaboutt het i
tlei nthepr ocessofwr i
tingt hisr esear chpaper .
Thr ought hesemet hodsr esear cher sconcl udet her esultsofr esear ch
paperandgai nedthei nformat i
onaboutt hel i
nkbet weent hepubl ic
organi zationsandot herpubl i
candpr i
vateor gani zat i
onsandt helink
betweengov ernmentel ect edbodi esandt hepubl icor gani zat i
onst hatar e
somehowbei ngsuper vi
sedbyt hem.Thi sst udyal sohel psi nget t
ing
knowl edgeaboutt heef fect swhi cht heseor ganizat ionsmakeoneach
other.
KeyWor
ds:
Publ
icOrganizati
on,
Pri
vat eorgani
zati
ons,legali
nst
ituti
ons,organized
i
nter
ests,el
ectedoff
ici
als,pri
vateforpr
ofitandnotforprofi
tor ganizat
ions,
ot
herorganizati
ons,
rel
ationship,l
i
nks,Pakistan,
workingorganizati
ons.
I
ntr
oduct
ion:
Thetitleofourresearchi s“publ
icor gani
zat
ionsrelati
onshipswi t
hcit
izens,
organizedint
erests,electedoffi
cials,l
egali
nsti
tut
ions,pri
vatef or
-pr
ofitand
notfor-profi
torganizationsandot herpubli
corganizati
ons”.Themai naim
ofthisstudyistogett hei nf
ormat i
onaboutwhati stherelati
onshipof
publi
cor gani
zationswi thotheri
nst it
uti
onsandelectedoffici
als.
Publ i
cor ganizationsandci tizensar el i
nkedt ooneanot herast heybot h
requi r
edpr operco- oper ati
onofoneanot hertowor kwi thproperef f
iciency.
The connect ions bet ween r esidents'cooper at i
on and f ulf
ill
mentwi th
regar dst oSpani shnei ghbor hoodor gani zati
ons; consider ati
onwi llsimi l
ar l
y
bepai dt otheconnect ionsbet weenhi erarchicalsi zeandcooper ationand
fulfi
ll
mentl evels.Inv i
ew oft hesepoi nts,wel ookatt heaf tereffect sofa
reviewpol lthatwasr epli
edby388HumanResour ces( HR)di rect orsf rom
the bi ggestSpani sh Town Hal ls.The est abl ishmentf ort his paper
originat esfrom t hedi fferencei nwor l
dv i
ew whi chhasoccur redi nsidet he
struct ureofpubl i
cadmi nistrationt owar dsNewPubl icManagementdur ing
themostr ecentcoupl eofy ear s.Inaddi ti
ontoot hert hings,thiswor l
dv i
ew
i
nf ers anot her ki nd of connect ion bet ween open or ganizat i
ons and
resident swher ethel atentj oboft hel astasaddr esseesofadmi ni strati
ons
i
naci rcumst anceofsubj ect i
onwi llbesuppl ant edbyamor edy nami cj ob
actedi naset t
ingofmor enot ewor thybal ance.I nt hisr egar d,acasei s
madebot ht obui ldthel ev elofi nterestofr esident sinopenchoi cesandt o
guar ant ee the conv ey ance of publ ic admi ni strati
ons whi ch addr ess
resident s'i
ssues.

Organi zedi nterest

sandpubl icor gani
zat i
onsar edi rectlyr el
at edt oone
anot her .Ifany publ ic or gani zation is wor ki ng agai nstt he or gani zed
i
nt erest s,they don’tal low t hatpubl ic or gani zation t o wor k proper l
y.
Signi f
icantpi ecesoft hewr it
ingonpr ocedur esofi nterestassoci at i
ons
thinkaboutt hepol i
ti
calexer cisesofi nterestassoci ati
onsasser vingt o
assembl eandkeepupt radeconnect i
onsbet weenhi erarchicalagent sand
const ituents,poli
cymaker sandt henewsmedi a.Themot i
vatingf orcef or
aut horitati
veendur ancepr oducesexer cisest hatj oinssoci alandpol it
ical
areas.Thi saudi tincorpor atesdi ffer
entst r
andsofexi sti
ngi ntui
tionon
vest ed par t
iesundera' t r
ade'v iewpoint.I tcr eatesav i
ew on r ev enue
associ at i
onsasbei ngdel iberatelyunequi vocallycompel l
edt hroughv ar i
ous
request smadeont heassoci at i
onwhi lepar ticipat i
ngi nv olvedwi t
hal l
ies,
policymaker sandwr i
ters.Whi let esti
ng,r esear chpl ansshoul dr epr esent
the i nterrel
ated idea oft hese connect ions as opposed t or egar ding
associ at i
onsasadel i
berat elyindependentent er tainer.
Elect edof fi
cialsdi r
ectpubl icor ganizat ionsaccor dingt ot heirt asksasi n
somemannerel ect edof fi
ci alsar et heoneswhosuper v i
seandmake
policiesf ort hepubl icor gani zat i
ons.Theconnect i
onbet weenl awmaker s
(choseaut hor it
ies)andchai rmen( select edaut hor iti
es)i st hef oundat ionto
under standi ngt heov erseei ngi nteract ionandhasconsi stent lybeen
except ional lybant er edi nt hepol i
cyi mpl ement at i
onwr i
ting.Cust omar i
ly,
thedi scussi oncent ersar oundWeber 'sr easonabl edet achmentamong
l
awmaker sandchai rmenandananal y sisoft heessent ial supposi ti
onsof
Weber '
smodel .Anel ectivemodel i
st heDi chot omy –Dual ity–Model which
givesamor echangeddepi ctionoft heconnect i
onamonggov er nment
officialsandheads.Thi sar ticlecont endst hatt ogetamor eint ensi ve
compr ehensi onoft hemuddl edcooper at ionamongl egi slat orsand
over seer s, i
tisi mpor t
antt of ocusont het wogat her i
ngs' rational eof
act i
vity .Iti scont endedt hatl awmaker sar edr ivenbyi nduct iver ationaleof
act i
vitywhi leov er seer sar ei mpact edbyadeduct i
v er ational eofact i
vit
y .
Theset wocont raryener gi esmakear at i
onal eofdi shar monybet weent he
twospeci alists.Exper i
ment al discov er i
esf rom ar easi nDenmar ksuppor t
thepr esentandt heopposi ti
onoft her ational e,sincet heboar d
appar at usesi nt endedt omakeanagr eeabl econnect i
onamong
gov er nmentof fi
ci alsandheadscan' tchanget her ati
onal eofdi shar mony
Theconnect ionbet weenl awmaker s( choseaut hor i
ti
es)andchai rmen
(select edaut hor iti
es)i st hef oundat iont ounder standi ngt heov er seeing
i
nt eract ionandhasconsi stent lybeenexcept ional lybant eredi nt hepol icy
i
mpl ement at i
onwr i
t i
ng.Cust omar ily,thedi scussi oncent ersar ound
Weber '
sr easonabl edet achmentamongl awmaker sandchai rmenandan
anal ysisoft heessent i
al supposi ti
onsofWeber 'smodel .Anel ect i
v emodel
i
st heDi chot omy –Dual i
ty –Model whi chgi vesamor echangeddepi cti
onof
theconnect i
onamonggov er nmentof ficialsandheads.Thi sar ti
cl e
cont endst hatt ogetamor ei ntensiv ecompr ehensi onoft hemuddl ed
cooper at ionamongl egi slator sandov er seer s,itisi mpor tantt of ocuson
thet wogat her i
ngs' rational eofact ivity.I tiscont endedt hatl awmaker sar e
drivenbyi nduct iver at i
onal eofact ivitywhi l
eov erseer sar ei mpact edbya
deduct iv er ati
onal eofact ivity.Theset wocont r
ar yener giesmakea
rational eofdi shar monybet weent het wospeci ali
st s.Exper iment al
discov er i
esf r
om ar easi nDenmar kcan' tchanget her ational eof
di
shar
mony
.
Publicorganizati
onsandlegal i
nsti
tuti
onsaredependentoneachot her
.As
publi
cor ganizati
onsneedlegalinsti
tut
ionsfort
heirworki
ng.Theprimary
objecti
veoft hispaperi
stoshowt hatassoci
ati
onsandor gani
zati
onsassume
asignifi
cantpar ti
nthemonet arydevelopmentmeasure,both
str
aightforwardlyandinaroundaboutway .Humanr esourcesassumean
i
mmedi atepartby

wor kingwiththepr esentat

ionandut i
lizati
onofnewadv ances.Amore
cir
cuitousjobisplaybyent erpri
singact i
onthricel
y :
1)provi
dingmoney
rel
atedasset s;2)establi
shi
ngasat isfactorysocialenv
ironmentand3)
empower ingt r
ustinthegener alpubli
c.Thet heoriespr
esentedaret
ri
ed
uti
li
zingtheinformat i
ononel evennations.
Publicor gani zationsandpr of itandnon- pr ofi
tor gani zat ionsar el i
nkedwi th
oneanot heri nmanyway s.Non- benef itsandcommonsoci etyasat ravelzone
forfortitudedemonst rati
ons, social adv ancement sandact i
viti
est oimpact
socialst rategyt hroughco- cr eationandcooper ationwi thgov ernment( public
areaassoci ations) .Thepoi nti st ointroducecooper at i
onr ehear sesbet ween
openar eaassoci at i
ons, non- legislativeassoci ation, soci aleconomy
associat ionsandr esident s, knownasco- creation, wi thanat tentionondr ivers
andhi ndr ancesoft hi
scoor di natedef for tinSlov akia.Thepar tcent ersaround
dir
ect i
ngf orti
tudedel iveredbynon- benef i
tsint osoci al arr
angementt hrough
co-creat i
on.Pr esent i
ngt hef or ti
tudeeconomyappr oachper mitsust oassess
theconnect i
onsbet weent hepubl i
caut hor ityar eaandnon- benef it
associat ionsf rom amor eext ensiv ecul tur alpoi ntofv iewi ncludi ngbot h
fi
nanci al andv otebasedmeasur ement s.Onot herhand, af ewpeopl econt end
thatgener alsoci ety,private, andnot -rev enuedr i
v enar easar eonav erybasic
l
ev eldistinctivef rom numer ouspoi ntsofv iew, thet hr eear eashav enumer ous
l
ikenesses.Thel i
kenessespr esentf reedomst ocol labor ateandgai nfrom
oneanot her .Zeroi nginont hesi mi l
itudesi ntheassoci at i
onsasopposedt o
thedist i
nct i
onscanwor kwi tht het radingoft hought sandl earningacr osst he
areas.
Publ
icor
ganizat
ionsareli
nkedwithotherpubli
corganizat
ionsast
heyneed
oneanot
herforthei
rworkings.I
foneorganizat
ionisforsomespeci
fi
ccause
i
tneedsotheror
ganizat
ionscontri
but
iontowor kproperl
y.
Li
ter
atur
erev
iew:
Ther elationshi psbet weenci t
izens’ parti
cipationandsat i
sfacti
oni nt he
cont extofSpani shlocal admi nist
rations;attenti
onwi llequal l
ybepai dt o
thelinksbet weenor ganizational si
zeandpar ti
cipationandsat isfaction
l
ev els.Wi tht heseai msi nmi nd, weexami net her esultsofasur v
ey
quest ionnai ret hatwasanswer edby388HumanResour ces( HR)manager s
from t hel argestSpani shTownHal l
s.Thef oundat i
onf ort hispaperst ems
from t hechangeofpar adigm whi chhast akenpl acewi thinthef r
amewor k
ofpubl icmanagementt owar dsNewPubl icManagementdur i
ngt hel ast
fewy ear s.Amongstot hert hings, t
hispar adigm impl iesanewt ypeof
relati
onshi pbet weenpubl i
cadmi nistrati
onsandci ti
zenswher ethepassi ve
roleoft hel atterasaddr esseesofser vi
cesi nasi tuationofsubor dinat i
oni s
goingt ober epl acedbyamor eactiver ol
eper f
ormedi nacont extofgr eater
equal ity.Int hisr espect,aclai mi smadebot htoi ncreaset hedegr eeof
par t
icipat ionofci ti
zensi npubl icdeci si
onsandt oensur et hedeliveryof
publicser v i
ceswhi chmeetci tizens’ needs.Rey esGonzál ez.SI RHOGr oup.
BusinessOr gani zati
onDepar tment .UniversityofAl i
cant eJuanLl opis.
SIRHOGr oup.Busi nessOr gani zati
onDepar tment .Uni versityofAlicant e
JoséGascó.SI RHOGr oup.Busi nessOr gani zati
onDepar t
ment .Uni versity
ofAl icant e.
Thisart i
cleexami neswhet heror ganizedi nt er
est salterthest rongopi nion-
poli
cyl i
nkageobser vedbyEr ikson,Wr ight, andMcI ver(1993) .Wef irst
repl
icatet heEWM model ci
r ca1980wi tht headdi t
ionofmeasur esof
i
nterestor gani zati
ondensi tyanddi versityunderav ariet
yofspeci fi
cat i
ons.
Wet henext endt heanal ysist ot hecont empor aryper i
od, usingEWMs' new
publi
copi ni
ondat athrough1999.Toexecut et hissecondst ageoft he
analysis,weconst ructanewi ndexofpol icyl i
ber al
ism circa2000
compar abletoEWMs' 1980measur e.Ourr esultssuggestt hati nterest
communi tybi asinf avoroft r aditi
onal economi cinterestsmodest ly
weakenspol i
cyl i
beralism responsi veness, butt hatsimpl yhav ingmany
organizedi nterestsr egist
er edt olobbymaypr omot emor eliber alpolicy.
Import
antpart
softheli
teratureonst r
ategiesofinterestorgani
zati
ons
consi
derthepoli
ti
cal
activ
itiesofinter
estor gani
zationsasser v
ingtobui
ld
andmaintai
nexchangerelationshi
psbet weenor ganizat
ional
repr
esent
ati
vesandconstituents,poli
cymaker sandt henewsmedi a.The
i
ncent i
veforor ganizati
onal survi
valproducesact i
viti
esthatl inkssoci aland
politi
cal domai ns.Thi sreviewintegratesvariousstrandsofexi sti
ng
thinkingoni nterestgroupsunderan‘ exchange’ perspecti
ve.I tproducesa
viewoni nterestor ganizati
onsasbei ngst rat
egicall
yst r
ongl yconst rained
throughdi fferentdemandsmadeont heor ganizati
onwhenengagi ngin
relati
onshi pswi t
hsuppor ters,poli
cymaker sandj ournali
sts.Whi l
e
chal l
enging, researchdesi gnsshoul daccountf ortheinterrelatednat ureof
theser elationshipsr atherthantreati
ngor ganizati
onsasast rategi
cally
aut onomousact or.Depar t
mentofPol it
icalScience,Univer sityof
Amst erdam, Oudezi j
dsAcht er
berg237, Amst erdam, 1012DL, The
Net herlands
Wel ookatnon- pr ofi
tsandci vilsocietyasat ransitzonef orsol idarity
acts,soci ali
nnov ati
onsandi ni
ti
ativest oi nfl
uencesoci alpol icyby
means ofco- creat i
on and col l
aborat i
on wi th gov ernment( publ i
c
sect ororganizat ions).Theai mi st opr esentcol l
aborationpr actices
betweenpubl icsect ororganizat i
ons,non- gov ernment alor ganizat ion,
socialeconomyor ganizat
ionsandci ti
zens, knownasco- creat i
on, wi t
h
af ocusondr iv ersandbar ri
ersoft hiscollabor ati
oni nSl ov akia.The
chapt erfocusesonchannel i
ngsol idarityproducedbynon- profitsinto
socialpol i
cyt hr oughco- creation.Introducingt hesol idarityeconomy
appr oach allows us t o ev aluatet he relationships bet ween t he
gov ernmentsect orand non- profi
tor ganizations from a br oader
societal perspect i
ve including bot h economi c and democr ati
c
dimensi ons.OnRel at
ionsbetweenGov ernmentandNon- profits:TheCase
of Slov
akia By Mári
a Mur r
ay Svidr
oňov á Submit
ted: March 26t
h
2019Revi
ewed:Sept
ember2nd2019Publ
ished:Oct
ober4th2019.
Resear
chMet
hodol
ogy
/Anal
ysi
s;
Resear chmethodologyisthespecif
icproceduresort echniquesusedto
i
dent i
fy,sel
ect,process,and anal
yze inf
ormation abouta t opi
c.I na
researchpaper,themet hodol
ogysectionallowst her eadertocrit
ical
l
y
evaluateast
udy '
sov er
all
val
idi
tyandrel
i
abili
ty.
Researcherusedqual
it
ati
vemethodappr
oachi
ndoingt
heanalysi
soft
his
topi
c t heyhaddoneasurv
eyamongaspecif
icgr
oupofpeopl
ethest
ats
ofthi
ssur veyar
ementi
onedbel
ow:
htt
ps:/
/dri
ve.
google.
com/fil
e/d/
1w0v
N7dx3CSaSv
GGUHTJmQbf
-f
k-
zz6Zd/vi
ew?usp=dri
vesdk
Resear
chQuest
ions:
● Sel
ecty
ourgender
.
● Empl
oymentst
atus.
● Sel
ecty
ouragegr
oup.
● Publ
i
cor
gani
zat
ionshav
eagoodr
elat
ionshi
pwi
thci
ti
zens
● Publ
i
cor
gani
zat
ionsandor
gani
zedi
nter
est
sar
est
rongl
yrel
ated
● Publ
i
corgani
zat
ionsandel
ectedoffi
ci
alsar
edependentoneach
ot
her.
● Publ
i
corgani
zat
ionsneedl
egalinst
it
uti
onsfort
hei
rworking.
● Pr
ivat
ef orprof
itandnotf
orpr
ofitor
gani
zati
onsareli
nkedtopubl
i
c
or
ganizati
ons.
● Ot
heror gani
zati
onsareal
soli
nkedtopubl
icorgani
zat
ions.

Concl
usi
on:
Themai naim ofthisstudyi st oknowt her elationbet weenpubl ic
organi z ati
onswi thcit
izens, organizedinterest s,elect edof ficials,
l
egal inst i
tuti
ons,pri
vatef or-prof
itandnot -for-prof itorgani zations
andot herpubl i
corganizations.Thr oughthisst udywecamet o
knowt hatpubl i
corganizat i
onsneedot herinst itutionst owor k
toget herast heyaredependedoneachot herf ort heirpr oper
wor king.Andf r
om theabov econduct edsur veyweconcl udedt hat
ther esear chbei ngconduct edi scor r
ectasmostoft hepeopl e
agreedt othequest i
onst hatwasbei ngaskedbyt her esear cher s.
Andt hrought hi
swecansayt hatallthei
nst itutionsbei ng
discussedi nthetopicoft her esearcharesomewhatr elatedt o
eachot her.
Ref
erences;
● https:
//www. intechopen.com/ books/sel
ected-
aspects-
of-non-profi
t-
organisati
ons/ on-rel
ati
ons-between-gover
nment -
and-
non-pr of
its-t
he-
case-of-sl
ovakia
● https:
//li
nk.springer.
com/ art
icl
e/10.1007/
s11365-011-0191-2
● ht
tps:
//l
i
nk.
spr
inger
.com/
art
icl
e/10.
1057/
iga.
2013.
6#ci
teas
● ht
tps:
//www.
jst
or.
org/
stabl
e/3219851?
seq=1
● https: //
www. sciencedi rect.com/ t
opics/computer-
science/
legal-
i
nst ituti
on
● https: //
www. sciencedi rect.com/ t
opics/computer-
science/
public-
sect or-organi
zat i
on
● https: //
www. resear chgat e.
net/publicat
ion/235270233_Publi
c_pri
vate
_not -
f or-
profi
t_everybody _ i
s_unique
● https: //
www. resear chgat e.
net/publicat
ion/227880039_The_Relat
ions
hip_Bet ween_ Polit
icians_ and_Admi nist
rator
s_-
_A_ Logi c_of
_Dishar mony
● https: //
www. jstor.
or g/stable/3219851
● ht
tps:
//l
i
nk.
spr
inger
.com/
art
icl
e/10.
1057/
iga.
2013.
6#Abs1