Safety System Control (API 14C)

Outline

• Objective of safety system

• Modes of safety system operation
• Protection concepts and safety analysis
• Safety system design
 Objective of Safety System

• To prevent the release of

hydrocarbons from the process

• To minimize the adverse effects

of such release if they occur
• Means of Achieving the Objective

– Preventing undesirable events

– Shutting-in the process
– Recovering released fluids
– Preventing ignition
Modes of Safety System Operation

• Automatic monitoring by sensors

• Automatic protective action
• Emergency shut-down
Protection Concepts and Safety
Analysis

• Undesirable Events
• Causes
• Overpressure

– Increased input flow due to upstream

flow control device (e.g., choke) failure

– Decreased output flow due to blockage

– Heating of closed system

• Leak

– Corrosion

– Erosion

– Mechanical failure due to temperature

change, over- and under-pressure, and
external impact force
• Liquid Overflow

– Increased input flow due to upstream

flow control device (e.g., choke) failure

– Decreased output flow due to blockage

in the liquid discharge
• Gas Blowby

– Increased input flow due to upstream

flow control device (e.g., choke) failure

– Decreased output flow due to blockage

in the gas discharge
• Underpressure

– Outflow flow control device (e.g., choke)

failure

– Inlet blockage

– Cooling of closed system

• Excess Temperature

– Over-fueling of burner

– External fire

– Spark emission
 Safety System Design

• Symbols

• API Recommended Safety Devices

• Symbols

– Variable

– Device Designation

– Device Symbol
Variable: Backflow
Designation: Flow Safety Valve
Symbol:

FSV
Variable: Burner Flame
Designation: Burner Safety Low
Symbol:

BSL
Variable: Flow
Designation: Flow Safety High
Symbol:

FSH
Variable: Flow
Designation: Flow Safety Low
Symbol:

FSL
Variable: Flow
Designation: Flow Safety High & Low
Symbol:

FSHL
Variable: Level
Designation: Level Safety High
Symbol:

LSH
Variable: Level
Designation: Level Safety Low
Symbol:

LSL
Variable: Level
Designation: Level Safety High & Low
Symbol:

LSHL
Variable: Pressure
Designation: Pressure Safety High
Symbol:

PSH
Variable: Pressure
Designation: Pressure Safety Low
Symbol:

PSL
Variable: Level
Designation: Pressure Safety High & Low
Symbol:

PSHL
Variable: Pressure
Designation: Pressure Safety Valve
Symbol:

PSV
Variable: Pressure
Designation: Pressure Safety Valve
Symbol:

PSV
Variable: Pressure
Designation: Pressure Safety Element
Symbol:

PSE
Variable: Temperature
Designation: Temperature Safety High
Symbol:

TSH
Variable: Temperature
Designation: Temperature Safety Low
Symbol:

TSL
Variable: Temperature
Designation: Temp. Safety High & Low
Symbol:

TSHL
Variable: Temperature
Designation: Temperature Safety Element
Symbol:

TSE
Variable: Flow
Designation: Surface Safety Valve
Symbol:

SSV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Surface Safety Valve
Symbol:

SSV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Underwater Safety Valve
Symbol:

USV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Underwater Safety Valve
Symbol:

USV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Blow Down Valve
Symbol:

BDV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Blow Down Valve
Symbol:

BDV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Shut Down Valve
Symbol:

SDV
Variable: Flow
Designation: Shut Down Valve
Symbol:

SDV
API Recommended Safety Devices
• Wellhead flow lines
• Underwater wellhead flow lines
• Pressure vessels
• Pumps
Wellhead Flow Lines – Design 1
Wellhead Flow Lines – Design 2
Wellhead Flow Lines – Design 3
Wellhead Flow Lines – Design 4
Wellhead Flow Lines – Design 5
Underwater Wellhead Flow Lines
Pressure
Vessel
Pipeline Pump
Other Pump