Cable tool drilling methord

The intial methord used to drill a well is CTD methord. Cable-tool drilling is a method of drilling
in which a hole is made by the repeated blows generated by lifting and dropping a heavy chisel
bit on rocks or underground formations. The heavy (usually blunt) chisel bit is the “tool” and the
cable could be made of something as simple as a manila rope or multiple steel strands (wireline).
Cable-tool drilling is one of the earliest known methods used to drill for hydrocarbon fluids. This
method of drilling did not have the luxury of a fluid circulating system common with modern
rotary drilling which removes the crushed rock fragments. So after some time, drilling has to be
paused to allow bailers to be used in removing rock fragments that have settled at the bottom of
the hole before drilling can resume once again.

This method is suitable for the soft and fissured rock formations. In purely soil formations this
method gives very high working rate. This method consists in breaking and pulverizing the
subsoil material by series of repeated blows with a cutter made of hard metal. The pulverized
material mixes with water and it is then removed. Bores as big as 30 cm in diameter and over
200 to 300 m deep can be very conveniently drilled which meet the normal requirement.

Cable tool drilling consists of a mast, a multiline hoist, a walking beam and an engine. The string
of tools includes drill bit, drill stem, drilling jars which serve as connecting links and rope socket
for connecting drill line.

Components of CTD:

To disscuss CTD methord see at figure 1.The main components of CTD are:
 Diagram 1:Cable Tool Drilling with equipments name.

1.The Drill String

The drill string of a cable tool rig is composed of the bit, drill stem, jars, and a rope socket
enabling their attachment to the drilling line or cable. The main parts of the drill string are

1. The drill bit: A heavy steel bar, generally four to eight feet long, having the lower or
drilling end dressed to varying degrees of sharpness depending on the formation to be
drilled. Sharper bits are used in hard rock drilling while soft rock bits are quite blunt.
 Cable tool bits are made from high carbon and molybdenum-silicon alloy steels in a
number of patterns by various manufacturers. Naturally these bits require frequent
sharpening or dressing which is performed at the well by the driller.

Diagram 2:Drill string tools.

2. The drill stem: A cylindrical steel bar generally 10 to 20 feet long which is screwed
directly above the bit. Its diameter depends on the hole size and the amount of weight
desired. The purpose of this member is to furnish additional weight for the downward
drilling blow.
3. Jars: Heavy steel links which connected within each other much like two links in a chain.
Their function is to produce a sharp upward blow on the tools, causing them to be jerked
loose from soft, sticky formations, and allowirig a clean, sharp drilling blow. Long stroke
 jars having two to six feet of telescope action are often used in fishing jobs (retrieving of
tools, etc. lost or stuck in the hole). Drilling jars normally have strokes of less than one
foot and are often omitted in hard rock drilling.Tool joints: Connectors for the bit, drill
stem, etc. These consist of tapered, coarse threaded connectors machined on the ends of
the tools. The thread design allows easy makeup, and the necessary tightness is obtained
from the metal-to-metal fit at the flat shoulders of the joint. Proper tightness of these
joints is essential to prevent the severe drilling vibrations from unscrewing the tools.
4. Rig Lines:The standard rig has three lines or cables used for various purposes. These are
the drilling line, the sand line, and the calf or casing line. A steel cable is composed of a
number of wire strands wound helically around a hemp or independent wire rope center
with a uniform length of lay. A lay is the length of rope required for individual strands to
make one revolution g,bout the center and is further specified as right, left, or Lang lay.
5. Prime mover:The first prime mover used in CTD is steam engines.Although internal
combustion engine is now common.It is used for high quilaty water to remove
cutting,used to run beams to delever a sharp successive blows to the bottom.But its
overall efficencey is too low.Now a days Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is
used.