Ecpn 3 111

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDING WORKS
CONTENT PAGE
SECTION - 01 .................................................................................................................................... 2
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................. 2
01.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
01.2 SITE DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2
01.3.1 Submittals ................................................................................................................................................. 2
01.3.2 Timing of Submittals ................................................................................................................................ 3
011.3.3 Substitution ............................................................................................................................................. 3
01.34 Standards ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
01.3.5 Testing ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
01.3.6 Samples ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
01,3.7 Qualification of Workmen ........................................................................................................................ 4
01.3.8 Related Works Described Elsewhere ........................................................................................................ 4
01.4 COSTS INCLUDED ........................................................................................................................................ 4
01.5 SURFACE PREPARATION............................................................................................................................ 5
01.6 STORAGE, HANDLING AND PROTECTION ........................................................................ 5
01.7 SHOP DRAWINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 5
01.8 PROJECT RECORDS ...................................................................................................................................... 6
01.8.1 Construction Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 6
011.8.2 Periodic Reports...................................................................................................................................... 6
01.8.3 Project Meetings ....................................................................................................................................... 7
01.8.4 Photographs .............................................................................................................................................. 7
01.8.5 As Built Drawings .................................................................................................................................... 7
01.8.6 Operation and Maintenance Data I ........................................................................................................... 7
01.9 SITE FACILITIES ........................................................................................................................................... 8
01.9.1 Contractor's Camp .................................................................................................................................... 8
01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities .................................................................................................................................. 8
01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer ............................................................................. 8
01 .9.4 Services .................................................................................................................................................... 8
01.9.1 Contractor's Camp .................................................................................................................................... 8
01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities .................................................................................................................................. 9
01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer ............................................................................. 9
01 .9.4 Services .................................................................................................................................................... 9
01.9.5 Cleaning up ............................................................................................................................................... 9
01.9.6 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................ 9
SECTION 02 ................................................................................................................................... 11
EXCAVATION AND FILL ............................................................................................................... 11
02.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 11
02.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 11
02.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 11
02.3.1 Qualification of Workmen ...................................................................................................................... 11
ECPN 3 - 1996 i
02.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 11

02.4.1 Excavated Fill Material........................................................................................................................... 11
02.4.2 Borrowed Fill Material ........................................................................................................................... 11
02.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 12
02.5.1 Examination of Drawings ....................................................................................................................... 12
02.5.2 Protection ................................................................................................................................................ 12
02.5.3 Site Clearance ................................................................................................................................... 13
02.5.4 Excavation and Get Out .................................................................................................................... 13
02.5.3 Site Clearance ................................................................................................................................... 14
02.5.4 Excavation and Get Out .................................................................................................................... 14
02.5.5 Selected and Borrowed Fill..................................................................................................................... 14
02.5.6 Disposal of Surplus and Unsuitable Material ......................................................................................... 15
02.5.7 Anti-termite Treatment ........................................................................................................................... 15
02.5.8 Hardcore and Stone Filler ....................................................................................................................... 15
02.5.9 Dust Blinding .......................................................................................................................................... 16
02.5.10 Slopes to Embankments ........................................................................................................................ 16
02.6.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation including trees up to 80mm diameter at ground level. .................... 16
02.6.2 Felling of trees over 80mm diameter at ground level and including uprooting and removal of stumps. 16
02.6.3 Removal of termite hill ........................................................................................................................... 16
02.6.4 Removal of permanent and temporary structures ................................................................................... 16
02.6.5 Excavation and Get Out .......................................................................................................................... 16
02.6.6 Fill........................................................................................................................................................... 16
02.6.7 Disposal .................................................................................................................................................. 16
02.6.8 Sundry Items ........................................................................................................................................... 16
SECTION - 03 ................................................................................................................................. 18
CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE ......................................................................................................... 18
03.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 18
03.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 18
03.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 18
03.4 MATERIAL ................................................................................................................................................... 18
03.4.1 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 18
03.4.2 Aggregate................................................................................................................................................ 19
03.4.3 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
03.4.4 Admixtures ............................................................................................................................................. 19
03.4.5 Water Stops............................................................................................................................................. 20
03.4.6 Concrete .................................................................................................................................................. 20
03.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 22
03.5.1 Gauging and Mixing ............................................................................................................................... 22
03.5.2 Handling and Placing of Concrete .......................................................................................................... 22
03.6 CONSTRUCTION JOINT ............................................................................................................................. 23
03.7 CURING OF CONCRETE............................................................................................................................. 23
03.8 FINISHING CONCRETE SURFACES ......................................................................................................... 23
SECTION - 04.................................................................................................................................. 25
ECPN 3 - 1996 ii
04.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 25

04.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 25
04.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 25
04.4.4 Formwork Design ................................................................................................................................... 25
04.5 FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................. 25
04.6 PREPARATION FOR CONCRETE COATING ........................................................................................... 26
04.7 FORMWORK APPROVAL BEFORE CONCRETE CASTING .................................................................. 26
04.8 FORMWORK REMOVAL ............................................................................................................................ 26
04.9 FORMWORK CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 27
04.9.1 Ordinary Finish Formwork ..................................................................................................................... 27
04.9.2 Fair Face Concrete Formwork ................................................................................................................ 27
04.9.3 Patterned Concrete Formwork ................................................................................................................ 27
SECTION - 05 ................................................................................................................................. 28
REIN FORCEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 28
05.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 28
05.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 28
05.3 STANDARD .................................................................................................................................................. 28
05.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 28
05.4.1 Submittal ................................................................................................................................................. 28
05.4.2 Delivery and Storage .............................................................................................................................. 28
05.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 29
05.5.1 Preparation .............................................................................................................................................. 29
5.5.2 Placement of Reinforcement ..................................................................................................................... 29
05.6 REINFORCEMENT CLASSIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 29
06.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 30
06.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................. 30
06.3 EXECUTION .................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
06.3.1 Samples of Precast Units ........................................................................................................................ 30
06.3.2 Casting .................................................................................................................................................... 30
06.3.3 Erection................................................................................................................................................... 31
SECTION - 07 ................................................................................................................................. 32
STONEWORK ................................................................................................................................ 32
07.1 DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................................ 32
07.2 WORK INCLUDED .................................................................................................................................... 32
07.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 32
07.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 32
07.4.1 Stone ....................................................................................................................................................... 32
07.4.2 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 32
07.4.3 Sand ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
07,4.4 Lime ........................................................................................................................................................ 32
07.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 33
07.5.1 Samples ................................................................................................................................................... 33
ECPN 3 - 1996 iii

07.5.2 Surface Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 33

07.5.3 Walls ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
07.5.4 Curing and Protection ............................................................................................................................. 33
07.5.5 Classification .......................................................................................................................................... 33
SECTION - 08 ................................................................................................................................. 34
Brickwork ....................................................................................................................................... 34
08.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 34
08.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 34
08.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 34
08.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 34
08.4.1 Bricks ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
08.4.2 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 34
08.4.3 Sand ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
08.4.4 Lime ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
08.4.5 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
08.4.6 Mortar ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
08.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 35
08.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 35
SECTION -09 .................................................................................................................................. 36
CONCRETE BLOCKWORK ............................................................................................................ 36
09.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 36
09.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 36
09.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 36
09.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 36
09.4.1 Blocks ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
09.4.2 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 37
09.4.3 Lime ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
09.4.4 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
09.4.5 Mortar ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
SECTION - 10 ................................................................................................................................. 40
WATERPROOFING AND DAMP-PROOFING .................................................................................. 40
10.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 40
10.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 40
10.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 40
10.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 40
10.4.1 Products .................................................................................................................................................. 40
10.4.2 Product Data ........................................................................................................................................... 40
10.4.3 Product Delivery ..................................................................................................................................... 41
10.4.6 Execution ................................................................................................................................................ 41
10.4.7 Classification .......................................................................................................................................... 41
SECTION - 11 ................................................................................................................................. 43
CARPENTRY.................................................................................................................................. 43
ECPN 3 - 1996 iv
11.1 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 43

11.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 43
11.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 43
11.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 43
11.4.1 Type of Materials .................................................................................................................................... 43
11.4.2 Treatment of Timber ............................................................................................................................... 44
11 .4.3 Protection, Storage and Handling .......................................................................................................... 44
11.5 FABRICATION AND ERECTION ............................................................................................................... 44
11.5.1 Samples ................................................................................................................................................... 44
11.5.2 General.................................................................................................................................................... 44
11.5.3 Classification..................................................................................................................................... 45
SECTION - 12 ................................................................................................................................. 48
JOINERY........................................................................................................................................ 48
12.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 48
12.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 48
12.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 48
12.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 48
12.4.1 Product Data ........................................................................................................................................... 48
12.4.2 Joinery Timber ........................................................................................................................................ 49
12.4.3 Plywood .................................................................................................................................................. 49
12.4.4 Chipboard (particle board) ...................................................................................................................... 49
12.4.5 Black board ............................................................................................................................................. 49
12.4.6 Hardboard and Soft Board ...................................................................................................................... 50
12.4.7 Screws and Nails ..................................................................................................................................... 50
12.4.8 Adhesives................................................................................................................................................ 50
12.4.9 Protection, Storage and Handling ........................................................................................................... 50
12.5 FABRICATION AND FIXING ..................................................................................................................... 50
12.5.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 50
12.5.2 Samples ................................................................................................................................................... 51
12.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 51
12.6.1 Ceiling Soffits Nailed to Supports .......................................................................................................... 51
12,6.2 Suspended Ceiling .................................................................................................................................. 52
12.6.3 Milled Timber soffit and Cladding ......................................................................................................... 52
12.6.4 Fascia and Barge Board .......................................................................................................................... 52
12.6.5 Floor Boards ........................................................................................................................................... 53
12.6.6 Timber Parquet Floor Tiles ..................................................................................................................... 53
12.6.7 Skirting ................................................................................................................................................... 53
12.6.8 Door Jambs ............................................................................................................................................. 53
12.6.9 Glazed Panel Doors ................................................................................................................................ 54
12.6.10 Match Boarded Doors ........................................................................................................................... 54
12.6.11 Flush Wood Doors ................................................................................................................................ 54
12.6.12 Wooden Windows ............................................................................................................................ 55
12.6.13 Wall Panels ........................................................................................................................................... 55
ECPN 3 - 1996 v
12.6.14 Built-in Cupboards................................................................................................................................ 56

12.6.16 Balustrades and Rails ............................................................................................................................ 58
SECTION - 13 ................................................................................................................................. 59
STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK ........................................................................................................ 59
13.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................ 59
13.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 59
13.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 59
13.4.1 Submittal ................................................................................................................................................. 59
13.4.2 Structural Steel........................................................................................................................................ 59
13.4.3 Black Bolts and Nuts .............................................................................................................................. 59
13.4.4 Welding Electrodes ................................................................................................................................. 60
13.4.5 Rivets ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
13.4.6 Delivery and Storage .............................................................................................................................. 60
13.5 TESTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
13.6.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 60
13.6.3 Protection ................................................................................................................................................ 61
13.6.4 Fabrication .............................................................................................................................................. 61
13.6.5 Assembly and Erection ........................................................................................................................... 61
SECTION - 14 ................................................................................................................................. 64
ROOFING AND WALL CLADD ....................................................................................................... 64
14.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 64
14.2 WORK INCLUDED ..................................................................................................................................... 64
14.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 64
14.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 64
14.4.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 64
14.4.2 Galvanized Steel Sheets .................................................................................................................... 65
14.4.3 Box Profile Sheets .................................................................................................................................. 65
14.4.4 Aluminum Sheets .............................................................................................................................. 65
14.4.5 Clay roofing tiles .................................................................................................................................... 65
14.4.6 Concrete Roofing Tiles ........................................................................................................................... 65
14.4.7 Fiber Concrete Roofing Tiles (FCR) ...................................................................................................... 66
14.4.8 Accessories ........................................................................................................................................... 66
14.4.9 Fixing Accessories for Cladding ....................................................................................................... 67
4.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................... 67
4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................... 67
14.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 68
SECTION - 15 ................................................................................................................................. 69
METALWORK ............................................................................................................................... 69
15.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 69
15.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 69
15.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 69
ECPN 3 - 1996 vi
15.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 70

15.4.1 Products .................................................................................................................................................. 70
15.4.2 Fabrication .............................................................................................................................................. 70
15.6 CLASSIFICATION....................................................................................................................................... 72
15.6.1 Staircase and other protection guard rails in metal or composite construction. ...................................... 72
15.6.2 Metalwork for the protection of corners and edges ................................................................................ 72
15.6.3 Ladders and steps .................................................................................................................................... 72
15.6.4 Grilled and plate cover to pits, channels, etc .......................................................................................... 72
15.6.5 Guard rails where not included in doors and windows ........................................................................... 72
15.6.6 Metal and composite partitions ............................................................................................................... 72
15.6.7 Mud guards ............................................................................................................................................. 72
15.6.8 Rolling and collapsible door and window shutters ................................................................................. 72
15.6.9 Door, window and security grills ............................................................................................................ 72
15.6.10 Metal ceilings, hangers and composite construction of ceilings ........................................................... 72
15.6.11 Drapery track ........................................................................................................................................ 72
15.6.12 Access flooring, cat walks and the like where not considered as structural steelwork elements .......... 72
15.6.13 Steel pole .............................................................................................................................................. 72
15.6.14 Supports and bracings for counters, shelves and other joinery work, wall and finishing work ............ 72
15,6.15 Metal doors other than aluminum specifying opening types ................................................................ 72
15.6.16 Metal windows other than aluminum specifying opening types ........................................................... 72
15.6.17 Fly screen to metal doors and windows ................................................................................................ 72
16.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 74
16.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 74
16,3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 74
16.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 74
16.4.1 Products .................................................................................................................................................. 74
16.4.2 Fabrication .............................................................................................................................................. 74
16.5 INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................................... 75
SECTION - 17 ................................................................................................................................. 77
FINISH HARDWARE ...................................................................................................................... 77
17.1 Finish hardware ............................................................................................................................................. 77
17.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 77
17.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 77
17.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 77
17.4.1 Products .................................................................................................................................................. 77
17.4.2 .Submitta1 of Product Data ..................................................................................................................... 77
17.4.3 Samples ................................................................................................................................................... 78
17.4.4 Packing and Marking .............................................................................................................................. 78
17.4.5 Protection and Replacement ................................................................................................................... 78
17.4.6 Fasteners ................................................................................................................................................. 78
17.4.7 Finish of Hardware ................................................................................................................................. 78
17.5 INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................................... 78
ECPN 3 - 1996 vii

17.5.2 Fitting Hardware ..................................................................................................................................... 78

17.5.3 Key System ............................................................................................................................................. 78
SECTION - 18................................................................................................................................. 80
PLASTERING ................................................................................................................................. 80
18.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 80
18.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 80
18.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 80
18.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 80
18.4.1 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 80
I 18.4.2 Sand... ................................................................................................................................................... 80
18.4.3 Lime ........................................................................................................................................................ 80
18.4.4 Gypsum................................................................................................................................................... 80
18.4.5 Metal Lath for Plastering ........................................................................................................................ 81
18.4.6 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 81
18.4.7 Mortar ..................................................................................................................................................... 81
18.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 81
18.5.2 Application and Curing of Plaster........................................................................................................... 82
18.6 CLASSIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 82
18.6.1 Two Coats of Plaster ......................................................................................................................... 82
18.61.2 Cement Mortar ..................................................................................................................................... 82
18.61.3 Final Coat ............................................................................................................................................ 82
SECTION - 19 ................................................................................................................................. 84
POINTING ...................................................................................................................................... 84
19.1 DEFINITION .................................................................................................................................................. 84
19.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 84
19.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 84
19.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 84
19.4.1 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 84
19.4.2 Sand ........................................................................................................................................................ 84
19.4.3 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 84
19.4.4 Mortar .................................................................................................................................................... 84
19.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 84
19.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 85
19.6.1 Recessed Pointing ................................................................................................................................... 85
19.6.2 Flush Pointing ....................................................................................................................................... 85
SECTION 20 ................................................................................................................................... 86
WALL AND FLOOR FINISH ........................................................................................................... 86
20.1 DEFINITION .................................................................................................................................................. 86
20.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 86
20.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 86
20.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 86
ECPN 3 - 1996 viii

20.4.1 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 86

20.4.2 Sand ........................................................................................................................................................ 86
20.4.3 Lime ........................................................................................................................................................ 86
20.4.4 Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 86
20.4.5 Mortar ..................................................................................................................................................... 86
20.4.6 Adhesive ................................................................................................................................................. 87
20.4.7 Terrazzo /Granolithic Tiles ..................................................................................................................... 87
20.4.8 Precast concrete tiles............................................................................................................................... 87
20.4.9 Non-slip Concrete Tiles .......................................................................................................................... 87
20.4.10 Colour Pigments for Precast Concrete Tiles ......................................................................................... 87
20.4.11 Marble Elements ................................................................................................................................... 87
(2)Coping and ciii shall be weathered and throated. .......................................................................................... 87
20.4.12 Marble Chip Flooring ........................................................................................................................... 87
20.4.13 PVC Tiles ............................................................................................................................................. 87
20.4.14 Ceramic Tiles ........................................................................................................................................ 88
204.15 Mosaic Tiles .......................................................................................................................................... 88
20.4,16 Concrete Paving.................................................................................................................................... 88
20.4.17 Stone Paving ......................................................................................................................................... 88
20.5 EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................................. 88
20.5.2 Application and Curing of Finish ......................................................................................................... 88
20.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 90
SECTION - 21 ................................................................................................................................. 92
PAINTING ...................................................................................................................................... 92
21.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 92
21.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 92
21.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 92
21.4.1 Product Data ........................................................................................................................................... 92
21.4.2 Paint Materials .................................................................................................................................. 92
21.5 PREPARATION FOR PAINT APPLICATION ............................................................................................ 94
21.5.1 Application Equipment and Tools .......................................................................................................... 94
21.5.2 Surface Inspection .................................................................................................................................. 94
21.5.3 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................................... 94
21.6.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 95
21.6.2 Application of Paint ................................................................................................................................ 95
21.6.3 Sample Painted Surfaces......................................................................................................................... 95
21.6.4 Paint Coats ........................................................................................................................................ 95
21.6.5 Cleaning at Completion .......................................................................................................................... 96
21.7.1 Plastic Emulsion and Water Based Paints............................................................................................... 96
21.7.2 Oil Paints ................................................................................................................................................ 96
21.7.3 Anticorrosive Coating ............................................................................................................................. 96
21.7.4 Synthetic Enamel Paint ........................................................................................................................... 96
21.7.5 Waterproof Cement Coating ................................................................................................................... 96
ECPN 3 - 1996 ix
SECTION - 22 ................................................................................................................................. 97
GLAZING ....................................................................................................................................... 97
22.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 97
22.2 WORK INCLUDED ...................................................................................................................................... 97
22.3 STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................................ 97
22.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 97
22.4.1 Product Data ........................................................................................................................................... 97
22.4.2 General.................................................................................................................................................... 97
22.4.3 Transparent Sheet Glass.......................................................................................................................... 97
22.4.4 Figured Glass .......................................................................................................................................... 97
22.4.5 Opaque Glass .......................................................................................................................................... 98
22.4.7 Glass Block ............................................................................................................................................. 98
22.4.8 Polished Plate Glass for Mirror .............................................................................................................. 98
22.4.9 Glazing Compounds and Sealants .......................................................................................................... 98
22.4.10 Glazing Accessories.............................................................................................................................. 98
22.5 INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................................... 99
22.5.1 Preparation .............................................................................................................................................. 99
22.5.2 Fixing ...................................................................................................................................................... 99
22.6 CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................................................................ 99
SECTION - 23 ............................................................................................................................... 100
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 100
23.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT ...................................................................................................................... 100
23.1.1 Work Included ...................................................................................................................................... 100
23.1.2 Related Works Described Elsewhere .................................................................................................... 100
23.1.3 Quality Assurance ........................................................................................................................... 100
23.1.4 Delivery and Storage ......................................................................................................................... 101
23.2 PRODUCTS AND INSTALLATIONS ....................................................................................................... 101
23.2.1 Underground Cable Ducts .................................................................................................................... 101
23.2.2 Manholes .............................................................................................................................................. 101
23.2.3 Conduits for Internal Wire Drawing ..................................................................................................... 102
23.2.4 DISTRIBUTION BOARDS ................................................................................................................. 102
23.2.5 Cables and Conductors ......................................................................................................................... 103
23.2.6 Conduits ................................................................................................................................................ 103
23.2.7 Lighting ................................................................................................................................................ 104
23.2.8 Light, Power and Socket Outlets ..................................................................................................... 104
SECTION 24 ................................................................................................................................. 108
PLUMBING AND SANITARY INSTALLATION ............................................................................. 108
24.1.1 Work Included ...................................................................................................................................... 108
24.1.2 Related Works Described Elsewhere .................................................................................................... 108
24.1.3 Quality Assurance ........................................................................................................................... 108
24.1.4 Delivery and Storage....................................................................................................................... 109
ECPN 3 - 1996 x
24.2 PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 110

24.2.1 Pipes ................................................................................................................................................ 110
24.1,2 Sanitary Fixtures ............................................................................................................................. 110
24.3 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................................... 114
24.3.1 Setting Out ............................................................................................................................................ 114
24.3.2 Trench Excavation and Cutting ............................................................................................................ 114
24.3.3 Pipe Laying ..................................................................................................................................... 114
24.3.4 Pipe Curves and Supports ..................................................................................................................... 115
24.3.4 Manholes and Catch Pits....................................................................................................................... 115
24.3.5 Valves ................................................................................................................................................... 116
SECTON - 25 EXTERNAL WORKS ............................................................................................... 118
25.2 FENCING..................................................................................................................................................... 118
25.2.1 Work Included ...................................................................................................................................... 118
25.2.2 Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 118
25.3 FENCING CONSTRUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 118
25.3.1 General.................................................................................................................................................. 118
25.4 PAVING ....................................................................................................................................................... 119
25.4.1 General Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 119
25.4.2 Excavation, Fill, Disposal and Trimming of Slopes ............................................................................. 119
25.4.3 Sub-base................................................................................................................................................ 119
25.4.4 Drainage Ditches .................................................................................................................................. 119
25.4.5 Gravel Wearing Course ........................................................................................................................ 119
25.4.6 Asphalt Paving ................................................................................................................................ 120
25.4.7 Asphalt Concrete Paving ................................................................................................................. 121
25.4.8 Landscaping .................................................................................................................................... 123
ECPN 3 - 1996 xi
PREFACE
In March 1991, the Building and Transport Construction Design Authority issued the first
Technical Specifications and Methods of Measurement. The Printing of this document was the
first serious attempt to produce a reasonably comprehensive master specification and unified
method of measurement to free the specifier from repetitive and tiresome detailed writing and
avoid ambiguity in measurement.
Specification writing is a dynamic process that has to follow track of the changing material
availability and construction technology. It is therefore, necessary to update the contents
periodically to keep abreast with the demand. This master Specification is therefore prepared as
an update of the first document. The Technical Specification takes into account, the new Codes
and Standards issued by the Ministry of Works and Urban Development.
The Technical Specification and Methods of Measurement are prepared as Two Norms, namely
ESPNB-3 and ESPN-4 respectively. Both Norm concentrate on items that are frequently used in
building works. Each state will have to include as addenda any specialized or other particular
items not included or alterations to be made to the contents.
As the value of this reference material derives from the dependability and usefulness of its
contents, further improvements of the document on a continuous basis will make it more
comprehensive. The Ministry of Works and Urban Development welcomes suggestions and
additions that would positively contribute towards this process.
ECPN 3 - 1996 1
SECTION - 01
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01.1 GENERAL
(1) This section covers items that are applicable to all parts of the Specification. The specifications
in this section, whether stated or implied are considered equally applicable to each section of
the works.
01.2 SITE DESCRIPTION
(1) (The specifier shall indicate the following in detail if not apparent).
- Region, particular name and geographic hearing
- Elevation of area
- Access Road - specify distance of tarmac, gravel and dust road and no access distances.
(If in the opinion of the specifier, the project is located in an area known to all
prospective Contractors, only the required details shall be given).
- Availability of services such as water, power, telephone, etc.
If data is available, the climatic data indicating the following:
- Seasons of rain, indicating the heaviest month of rain
- Seasons of lowest and highest temperature - months of high and low humidity
- Prevailing wind and months of high wind velocity
- Records of monthly rainfall, wind speed and humidity.
(2) A location map of the area shall be attached wherever possible.
(3) Possible sources of naturally occurring materials like stone for masonry, aggregate, sand, etc.,
shall be indicated.
01.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
01.3.1 Submittals
(1) The minimum acceptable qualities of materials and workmanship have been established in
this Specification by reference to accepted standards, codes or descriptions of required
performance. Requirements have been established in each section for the advance
submittal of data for review and approval. Such required data shall be submitted and
reviewed and resubmitted as frequently as required until compliance with the specific
requirements has been obtained.
(2) .Each data of submittal shall be reviewed and verified for its compliance with the specific
requirements of the submittals called for in each section of this Specification.
(3) Approval of submittals shall not absolve the Contractor from replacing, the material
supplied or work executed, if the materials and workmanship are found defective by tests
carried out thereafter. Such materials found to be defective, shall be replaced at no cost to
the Employer.
(4) All data, samples, test results, certificates, designs, drawings, etc., to be submitted shall
fully comply with the requirements as specified in each section of this Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 2
(5) Data and document accompanying samples of materials for submittals shall be signed by
the Contractor as proof of their being submitted for the specific work under consideration.
(6) The document shall bear, the date, reference of section to this Specification and other
requirement as specified in the particular sections of this Specification.
(7) Schedules of submittals required by the Technical Specification shall he prepared and
submitted in two copies immediately after the signature of agreement.
01.3.2 Timing of Submittals
(1) All submittals and requests for substitutions shall be made in advance allowing sufficient
time for inspection, testing review and verification. They shall be submitted in such a way
that enough time is left after approval for the placement of order, delivery, manufacture,
etc., prior to the time for installation in accordance with the work schedule.
(2) Submittals shall always be in groups as far as possible.
011.3.3 Substitution
(1) Products and Workmanship established in the Specification are the basis of the quality
of work in the Contract. Products to he incorporated in the work require approval prior
to use. No materials or proposed Workmanship are to he substituted prior to approval.
The phrases in the Specification "equivalent or equal, similar, etc." indicating
substitutions do not mean automatic approval unless such approval has been obtained
prior to incorporation in the Works.
01.34 Standards
(1) The Technical Specifications refer to Codes and Standards to establish qualities and types of
materials and workrnanship and methods of testing of materials and work.
(2) The minimum standard of materials and workmanship shall he those meeting or exceeding
the specifically named Code or Standard.
(3) All items of work not complying with the specific standard, if rejected, shall be replaced at
no cost to the Employer.
(4) Reference in the Specification is made to designate Standards. This does not in any way
prohibit the use of other acceptable equivalent approved standards from being used for the
works. The use of such equivalent standards requires specific approval.
01.3.5 Testing
(I) Depending on the complexity of the work, the Contractor shall maintain adequate testing
facilities at site.
(2) Tests may, if approved, be carried out by recognized agencies, if site testing facilities are not
required for the works.
(3) Where no testing requirements are specified, but become necessary, the Contractor shall get
the testing done according to instruction. The cost of testing shall be borne as described in
the costs section here under.
(4) Tests shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures set out in the Standards and
Codes, referred to in the Specification. In the absence of such procedures other approved
procedures shall he used.
ECPN 3 - 1996 3
(5) Costs associated with provision of materials for testing, testing costs, obtaining of records,
etc., shall be borne by the Contractor, if such tests are required by the Specification or are
deemed necessary (whether or not mentioned in the Specification) for conformity of
materials, workmanship and installed works to the requirements of the specification.
If tests are made for the convenience of Employer/Engineer such tests shall be carried out or
cause to be carried out by the Contractor and related expenses shall be reimbursed by the
Employer.
01.3.6 Samples
(1) Samples shall be submitted or prepared in sufficient quantity as required for each item of
work or as directed.
(2) No material or workmanship requiring sample approval shall he delivered or executed

prior to obtaining approval of the samples.
(3) All materials and workmanship shall in all respects comply with the approved samples.
(4) Samples shall be maintained in their original approved condition until permission is given
for their removal.
(5) Rejected samples shall be removed from site immediately upon receipt of instruction.
01, 3.7 Qualification of Workmen
(1) Adequate number of workmen who are skilled/trained and experienced in the necessary
crafts and thoroughly familiar with the specified requirements and methods needed for the
proper performance of the work in each section of this Specification shall be engaged by
the Contractor.
(2) In addition to this general requirement, the specific qualifications stated under each
section of this Specification shall be met.
01.3.8 Related Works Described Elsewhere
(1) The Specification has been divided into sections. In dealing with a section, works that are
necessarily related to the section under consideration, but not included in that particular
section are indicated by reference only. The reference to the works described elsewhere
shall be considered as if the works have been described in that particular section and are
considered equally applicable.
01.4 COSTS INCLUDED
(1) Cost of materials (as indicated on drawings or specified in the Specification, Bill of Quantities,
Schedules, etc.) labor, equipment, tools, temporary works, supervisory personnel and related
items required for the satisfactory execution of an item shall he deemed as included in the cost
ECPN 3 - 1996 4
whether such requirement is specifically stated or not.
01.5 SURFACE PREPARATION
(1) Prior to the placement of succeeding work, under layer to receive work shall be clean from
earth, dust, debris and other material spattered as a result of preceding work.
(2) Approval shall be obtained after surface preparation and before further work is executed on
the prepared surface.
(3) In addition to the above requirements, surface preparation of each particular section of this
Specification shall be complied with.
01.6 STORAGE, HANDLING AND PROTECTION
(1) Materials shall be protected against damage in transit to site. Where materials are to he
supplied packed, the manufacturer's recommendation of packing and stacking during
shipment shall he adhered to.
(2) Materials shall generally be stored at site in a manner that would prevent damage. The
methods of storage and handling as specified under each particular section of this
Specification shall he adhered to.
(3) Materials and work shall, before and after installation, he protected from damage during
storage, handling and work on the trade. In the event of damage to the material, work or the
surface, all repairs or, if repairs are unacceptable, replacement shall be made at no cost to
the Employer.
(4) Safety measures including the provision of helmets, gloves, medical care, etc., shall be
taken to ensure that workmen are protected against injury or loss of life while at work.
01.7 SHOP DRAWINGS
(1) Shop drawings shall be submitted in scales large enough to show required materials, details
of connections of the components and to other work.
(2) Shop drawings shall be accompanied by specifications indicating all details that cannot be
shown on the drawings.
(3) Shop drawings shall be used only after approval.
(4) The shop drawings and accompanying document shall indicate the full address of the
manufacturer including the proposed time of manufacture.
(4) Shop drawings shall be submitted in one reproducible form and two copies at no additional
cost to the Employer.
ECPN 3 - 1996 5
01.8 PROJECT RECORDS
(1) All Project records are to be given in one reproducible and two copies.
01.8.1 Construction Schedule
(1) Adequate work plan, indicating delivery of materials and execution of the works within the
time frame given for completion requires the preparation of work schedule as described
hereunder. This same schedule shall be used to monitor the progress of the works and
evaluate the performance by the Contractor: The Construction schedule once approved shall
form an integral part of the Contract.
(2) Unless otherwise instructed, the timing used in the schedule shall always refer to Calendar
days, weeks or months.
(3) The schedule shall be prepared graphically and shall indicate the sequence of work,
interdependence of activities, cash flow and other pertinent data as listed hereunder and as
directed.
- Period of mobilization
- Start and completion dates of the various trades classified into sections of work
including the following:
Submittals of samples and shop drawings

• Order and delivery of materials to site
• Fabrication and installation of materials.
Earliest and latest starting and finishing date of each activity including float final
testing
• Demobilization
• Monetary values associated with start to completion of works to enable the
determination of Contractor's cash flow and Employer's budget allocation.
(4) Construction schedule shall be prepared and submitted within the time limits given in the
Contract Document and in any case not later than the end of the mobilization period.
Consideration shall be given to the requirement of the review of the schedule and re-
submittal prior to the end of mobilizing period.
011.8.2 Periodic Reports
1. Periodic weekly, monthly and quarterly reports shall he submitted by the Contractor
indicating the progress of works.
2 The monthly progress shall at least indicate:
- Activities carried out in the month and the total value of work to-date.
- Problems encountered, affected portions of work and their effect on sequential activities.
3 The Quarterly report shall at least indicate:
- Activities carried out in the quarter and the total to-date including value of work.
- Comparative effect of the activities on the proposed schedule.
ECPN 3 - 1996 6
- Problems encountered and their effect on the succeeding work and overall
- Validity of the float proposed in the schedule.
01.8.3 Project Meetings
(1) Project meetings to review the progress of work shall be held at suitable locations, preferably
at the site on agreed dates but no less than once a month, the minutes of such meeting shall
he duly recorded.
01.8.4 Photographs
(1) Photographs on progress shall be taken by the Contractor at instructed intervals but not less
than that required to indicate critical work stages and progress. A minimum of one print of
each shall be displayed at site and two copies submitted.
(2) Full set of completed work photographs shall be submitted by the Contractor at the end of the
work. The cost of-'all such photographs shall be borne by the Contractor.
01.8.5 As Built Drawings
(1) The Contractor shall, if required, prepare as built final drawings and records showing visible
and concealed works to enable the Employer to carry out future changes in design and
modification. Such records shall include all changed data and information up to the
beginning of the Defects Liability Period. The as built drawings and records shall be
reviewed and approved.
01.8.6 Operation and Maintenance Data I
(1) The Contractor shall provide maintenance data of the works to enable the Employer obtain
adequate information on up keeping, maintaining and replacing sections of the works. The
data shall at least contain the following:
Product data (manufacturer's or agents full address, reference of product, year of

manufacture, product identification and location in work) and catalogue if available.
- Operation and maintenance instruction, Part name and Part number of fast moving parts
and nearest supplier.
- Copies of guarantees and warranties for plant.
- Any other relevant information required for maintenance and servicing.
(2) The full address of producers of materials manufactured in shops based on their shop
drawings including their date of manufacture and reference to shop drawings.
(3) The full address of sub-contractors, portions of work executed by them and the period of
execution.
(4) All manuals shall be presented in draft form for review of the method of presentation,
contents and arrangement. The final manual shall be submitted incorporating review and
comments.
ECPN 3 - 1996 7
All Project records are to be submitted in one reproducible form and two copies.
01.9 SITE FACILITIES
01.9.1 Contractor's Camp
(1) The Contractor, shall at approved locations, provide, erect, maintain and subsequently
remove temporary living accommodation, offices, stores, workshop, sanitary facilities,
compound fencing, lighting, etc., necessary for the completion of the works.
01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities
(1) The Contractor shall provide the Engineer's facilities as called for in the contract document
and maintain the same up to contract completion and unless provided otherwise, remove
them at completion.
01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer
(1) The Contractor shall provide and maintain at all times surveying equipment, surveyors and
assistants for the use of the Engineer and his representative. He shall in addition provide
sufficient tools such as pegs, poles, paint, strings, spirit level, and tools for checking the
setting out of the works, etc., as required.
01 .9.4 Services
(1) The Contractor shall at all times provide and maintain and remove at completion the
following:
- Power supply for temporary and permanent works.

- Potable water supply for all temporary facilities and workmen and adequate supply of
approved quality of water for the works.
- approved means of sewage and garbage treatment and disposal.
- Telephone and other means of communication between the site, his office, Engineer's
office and Employer's office and for use by himself, the Engineer and his representative.
- Fencing and security measures to protect the temporary and permanent works from
being damaged or damaging other works or installations.
- Access for Vehicles from nearest public road to the location of works.
- First aid to workmen, Engineer's or Employer's representatives or to third parties. The
Contractor shall ensure that there is adequate arrangement to transport personnel to the
nearest acceptable medical centre in the event of injuries requiring medical attention
beyond first aid.
01.9 SITE FACILITIES
01.9.1 Contractor's Camp
(3) The Contractor, shall at approved locations, provide, erect, maintain and subsequently
remove temporary living accommodation, offices, stores, workshop, sanitary facilities,
compound fencing, lighting, etc., necessary for the completion of the works.
ECPN 3 - 1996 8
01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities
(1) The Contractor shall provide the Engineer's facilities as called for in the contract document and
maintain the same up to contract completion and unless provided otherwise, remove them at
completion.
01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer
(1) The Contractor shall provide and maintain at all times surveying equipment, surveyors and
assistants for the use of the Engineer and his representative. He shall in addition provide
sufficient tools such as pegs, poles, paint, strings, spirit level, and tools for checking the
setting out of the works, etc., as required.
01 .9.4 Services
(1) The Contractor shall at all times provide and maintain and remove at completion the
following:
- Power supply for temporary and permanent works.
- Potable water supply for all temporary facilities and workmen and adequate supply of
approved quality of water for the works.
- approved means of sewage and garbage treatment and disposal.
- Telephone and other means of communication between the site, his office, Engineer's
office and Employer's office and for use by himself, the Engineer and his
representative.
- Fencing and security measures to protect the temporary and permanent works from
being damaged or damaging other works or installations.
- Access for Vehicles from nearest public road to the location of works.
- First aid to workmen, Engineer's or Employer's representatives or to third parties. The
Contractor shall ensure that there is adequate arrangement to transport personnel to the
nearest acceptable medical centre in the event of injuries requiring medical attention
beyond first aid.
01.9.5 Cleaning up
(1) The Contractor shall, during the construction period, maintain and clean up both permanent
and temporary facilities. He shall provide temporary site drainage to leave the facilities free
of standing water, accumulation of scrap, debris, waste material and maintain good
standards of hygiene.
(2) Inspection shall be carried out daily to ensure that sufficient workmen, tools and facilities
are provided to maintain the standard of hygiene.
(3) Final cleaning of the site and removal of all temporary facilities shall be carried Out to
approval at completion of works.
01.9.6 Definitions
(1) Unless specifically indicated in this specification, approvals, directions, instructions, etc"
shall he given by and received from the Engineer/Architect or the person nominated or
delegated to do so in the general or particular conditions of contract or in the construction
agreement.
ECPN 3 - 1996 9
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ECPN 3 - 1996 10
SECTION 02
EXCAVATION AND FILL
02.1 DEFINITION
(1) Excavation and fill is the process of excavating, getting out, spreading and disposing excavated
soil and/or rock using manual tools and/or machinery. The treatment of soil against termites
and other pests where required, is also covered in this section.
02.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) All labor, tools, mechanical equipment, explosives and protective wear required for excavation
and fill shall he understood as included.
02.3 STANDARDS
(1) Comply with the following standards:

- Density moisture test AASHO T147
- Grading requirement for aggregate AASHO TI 1 and 27
02.3.1 Qualification of Workmen
(1) Operators of equipment and men guiding laborers in earthwork shall be skilled workmen
thoroughly trained and experienced in this trade. At least one person thoroughly familiar with
the specified requirements of the work described in this section shall be in charge.
02.3.2 Submittal
(1) Within a reasonable time, and in any case prior to excavation and haulage to site, test
Certificates indicating compliance of the suitability of selected fill material shall be submitted
for approval.
(2) Where tests have not been carried out earlier, such tests shall be carried out by the Contractor
at instructed frequencies, and as directed.
02.4 MATERIALS
02.4.1 Excavated Fill Material
(1) Excavated material from site to be used for fill shall he approved. This shall he soil or a
mixture of soil and stone free from organic matter and other deleterious substances. It shall
contain no stone or lumps over 150mm in size and not more than 15% of the stone shall be
greater than 70mm in size.
02.4.2 Borrowed Fill Material
(1) All borrowed fill material shall meet the requirement of excavated fill material. In addition to
this requirement, it shall contain granular material with a maximum particle size of 50mm
ECPN 3 - 1996 11
and a plasticity index of 15 or less.

(2) Granular cushion under slabs for hardcore blinding shall be clean aggregate with the limit of
gradation indicated below.
(3) The table hereunder is intended to give the general grading requirements for borrowed fill
material.
SIEVE DESIGNATION PERCENTAGE PASSING
3?' 100
1 1/2 75-85
No 4 45-65
No 20 15-40
No 200 0-10
(4) Hardcore for floor and pavement sub-base shall he approved stone meeting the requirements
of stone masonry walls. The maximum stone size shall he 20mm less than the finished
hardcore thicknesses.
(5) Termite protection material shall be as recommended by the manufacturer and subject to
approval. The use of the trade name in the execution section of this specification is to
establish the standard and not indicate any preference for the product.
02.5 EXECUTION
02.5.1 Examination of Drawings
(1) The Contractor shall, before starting excavation, satisfy himself as to the accuracy of the levels
shown on the drawings or the directions given. Any discrepancies shall be reported prior to
proceeding with' the works.
02.5.2 Protection
(1) Trees and shrubs required to he preserved for landscaping shall be protected from damage.
Damaged trees and shrubs shall he replaced at the Contractors' cost.
(2) Faces of excavations shall he retained with sheeting, timbering, strutting and shoring as
necessary to protect workmen and damage to adjacent work and services.
(3) If workmen are exposed to damage, and/or property and permanent works are likely to be
damaged as a result of inadequate support, then the operation shall he suspended until the
protections is rectified.
(4) Temporary drains and culverts shall be constructed to keep the site free of standing water.
Trenches and other excavations shall be kept free from water by pumping or other means.
ECPN 3 - 1996 12
02.5.3 Site Clearance
02.5.3.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation
(1) Site clearance shall be carried out as directed. Vegetation and undergrowth shall be removed
from site. Bushes shall be uprooted, raked and disposed off, deposited or burnt as directed.
Holes left by stumps and roots shall be filled with suitable material and compacted to
approval.
02.5.3.2 Felling of trees
(1) Trees shall be uprooted, raked and disposed off or deposited as directed. Holes left by stumps
and roots shall he filled with suitable material and compacted to approval.
02.5.3.3 Removal of termite hills
(I) Termite hills shall he removed and disposed to appropriate tip. The cavity formed by the
removal of termite hills shall be treated with anti-termite solution as described in the Termite
Treatment section of this Specification and filled with suitable material and compacted to
approval.
02.5.3.4 Removal of structures
(1) Temporary and permanent structure including substructure shall he demolished as indicated
on drawings or directed. Voids formed after the demolition shall be treated is indicated on the
drawings and specification.
02.5.4 Excavation and Get Out
02.5.4.1 General
(1) Excavation shall be carried out to the lines, levels, width, depth and grades shown on
drawings or as directed.
(2) Excavation shall be suitably trimmed, leveled and rammed before subsequent work is
placed. In locations where the excavated material is loose, the bottom 100mm layer shall be
left unexcavated until placing of concrete or masonry. This layer shall be taken out just
before the placement of concrete or masonry.
(5) If workmen are exposed to damage, and/or property and permanent works are likely to be
damaged as a result of inadequate support, then the operation shall he suspended until the
protections is rectified.
(6) Temporary drains and culverts shall be constructed to keep the site free of standing water.
Trenches and other excavations shall be kept free from water by pumping or other means.
ECPN 3 - 1996 13
02.5.3 Site Clearance
02.5.3.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation
(1) Site clearance shall be carried out as directed. Vegetation and undergrowth shall be removed
from site. Bushes shall be uprooted, raked and disposed off, deposited or burnt as directed.
Holes left by stumps and roots shall be filled with suitable material and compacted to
approval.
02.5.3.2 Felling of trees
(1) Trees shall be uprooted, raked and disposed off or deposited as directed. Holes left by stumps
and roots shall he filled with suitable material and compacted to approval.
02.5.3.3 Removal of termite hills
(I) Termite hills shall he removed and disposed to appropriate tip. The cavity formed by the
removal of termite hills shall be treated with anti-termite solution as described in the Termite
Treatment section of this Specification and filled with suitable material and compacted to
approval.
02.5.3.4 Removal of structures
(1) Temporary and permanent structure including substructure shall he demolished as indicated
on drawings or directed. Voids formed after the demolition shall be treated are indicated on
the drawings and specification.
02.5.4.1 General
(3) Excavation shall be carried out to the lines, levels, width, depth and grades shown on
drawings or as directed.
(4) Excavation shall be suitably trimmed, leveled and rammed before subsequent work is
placed. In locations where the excavated material is loose, the bottom 100mm layer shall
be left unexcavated until placing of concrete or masonry. This layer shall be taken out just
before the placement of concrete or masonry.
(5) In the event of the use of explosives for blasting rock, the Contractor shall fully comply
with the requirement of the relevant civil code and Conditions of Contract applicable to
the work being considered.
(6) Explosives shall be used in the quantities and methods recommended by the Manufacturer.
02.5.5 Selected and Borrowed Fill
(1) Fill to excavations or to make up level shall be made in suitable and approved materials
meeting the requirements and capable of being compacted.
ECPN 3 - 1996 14
(2) Fill shall be placed in successive layers not exceeding 200mm and watered and compacted
to approval.
(3) The compaction achieved in filling shall be measured in accordance with the standard
practice. The in situ moisture content and density shall be compared with laboratory test
results of modified AASHO T147 performed on samples of the selected material.
(4) The minimum relative compaction to be achieved in the compacted area shall be 95%
maximum dry density and the moisture content shall be within the range of 95% dry
density. The moisture content of the fill material shall be adjusted as necessary to have the
required compaction. Any material which, after repeated compaction, does not fulfil the
requirements, shall be removed and replaced.
(5) The final levels of fill shall be adjusted, graded and prepared to receive bedding to be laid
on fill. Fill shall be measured as equal to the net volume of void to be filled and shall unless
provided otherwise be understood as including the stockpiling and haulage of material from
location of fill.
02.5.6 Disposal of Surplus and Unsuitable Material

(1) All unsuitable and surplus excavated material shall be removed from site.
(2) Disposal shall be made to tips directed or indicated in the document. in the absence of
direction or indication in the document, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to
find the appropriate tip.
(3) Disposal shall be understood to include stock piling, loading, transporting, dumping and
spreading at tip.
02.5.7 Anti-termite Treatment
(1) Anti-termite treatment shall he applied over the whole area of the buildings and aprons and
shall consist of the application of a solution of 5 parts epnthachlorpheriol and 95 parts of
furnace oil (by weight) well mixed together and applied by means of watering cans with
fishtail spouts at the rate c 5 liters per m2. Before treatment, the surface must he cleared of
all rubbish and in particular scrap timber.
(2) The treatment shall be on the ground after removal of top soil and/or soft layer and before
making up levels.
02.5.8 Hardcore and Stone Filler

(1) Hardcore shall be sound approved stone of specified finished thickness and placed as
directed, and blinded with 20mm crushed aggregate.
ECPN 3 - 1996 15
02.5.9 Dust Blinding
(1) Dust blinding shall he approved crushed stone dust from quarries for concrete aggregate and
shall he 50mm thickness, finished true and level.
02.5.10 Slopes to Embankments
(1) Slopes to embankments, cuttings, shoulders, ditches, etc, shall be trimmed to the dimension
and inclinations shown on drawings. Excess material shall be removed. Depressions or voids
that may he created during trimming shall be filled with the same material as that used to
form the slopes and ditches.
02.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) The items of work under excavation and fill are classified as follows:-
02.6.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation including trees up to 80mm diameter at

ground level.
02.6.2 Felling of trees over 80mm diameter at ground level and including uprooting
and removal of stumps.
02.6.3 Removal of termite hill
02.6.4 Removal of permanent and temporary structures
(1) to remove vegetable top soil

(2) In ordinary soil, and identified as trench, bulk or pit.
(3) In rock, identified as bulk, trench, pit, soft, hard or boulder.
02.6.6 Fill
(1) Identified from site (excavated) or borrowed.

(2) Identified for location, whether under or around structure, floor, pavement, etc and by the
type of material required for the fill.
02.6.7 Disposal
(1) Specified "location" if particular tip is identified or as appropriate at contractors option.
02.6.8 Sundry Items
(1) The following shall be considered as sundry items to be measured separate and in accordance
with the 'Methods of Measurement'.
• Anti-termite treatment hardcore

• dust blinding
• slopes to embankments
ECPN 3 - 1996 16
ECPN 3 - 1996 17
SECTION - 03
CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE
03.1 DEFINITION
(1) Cast in place concrete is concrete premixed at a batching plant and transported to the site or
concrete whose ingredients are transported to the site and mixed just before casting in place.
03.2 WORK INCLUDED
(2) Cement, aggregate, water, admixture, labor equipment and tools for cast in place concrete
shall be provided as required for the satisfactory installation of the works.
03.3 STANDARDS
The following standards shall be complied with:
EBCS-2, 1995 Structural use of Concrete

ES C. D5201 General Requirement, Portland cement
ES C. D8.490 Methods of sampling and testing Portland cement.
ESI ES C.D3, 201 Normal concrete aggregate ES!
ASTM C260 Air-entraining admixtures
ASTM C494 Water-reducing, retarding and accelerating admixtures
ASTM C94 Mixing water for concrete
ASTM C330 Light weight aggregate for structural concrete
03.4 MATERIAL
03.4.1 Cement
(1) Cement for cast in place concrete shall be Portland or Portland-pozzolana and shall comply in
all respect with the requirements of ES C. D5 201.
(2) "Rapid hardening Portland cement" may be used subject to prior approval, in order to speed
up the progress of works. Product data shall be submitted for approval immediately after
signature of contract indicating the source of cement, manufacturer's name, and place of
manufacture.
(3) Each consignment shall be delivered in the manufacturer's original sealed bags or in bulk in
air tight containers and shall be fresh and free from lumps and evidence of damp. In no case
shall cement older than six months be accepted. Evidence of the date of manufacture imist,
therefore, be produced. Samples of each consignment shall be submitted for testing
whenever required. Should any sample so tested be found unsatisfactory in any way, the
whole of the consignment from which it has been taken shall be rejected. The Contractor
ECPN 3 - 1996 18
shall be responsible for removing the consignment concerned from the site within 24 hours
and at his own expense.
(4) Cement shall be stored in bags or containers in an enclosed and ventilated space that would
protect it from deterioration. Cement shall always be stored off ground. The off ground
formation method shall be subject to approval. Different types and consignments of cement
shall be stored distinctly separated and with markings showing the type and date of
consignment and shall be used in the order delivered.
03.4.2 Aggregate
((I) Fine Aggregate- shall be natural or crushed gravel or stone, clean sharp coarse grit or river
sand free from harmful matter. It shall conform to the requirements of ES C D3,201.
(2) Aggregate for Light Weight concrete: shall conform to the requirements of ASTM 330.
(3) Aggregates shall be obtained from approved sources. Samples of aggregate shall be
submitted for testing at least two weeks before bulk delivery. No delivery in bulk shall
commence until samples are approved, and when approved, further delivery shall conform to
the approved samples. Any material considered to be inferior to the approved samples shall
be rejected and removed from the site within 24 hours.
(4) Aggregate shall be stockpiled on clean hard surface to prevent contamination by other
material. Different grades of aggregate shall be stocked independently, sufficient distance
being maintained to avoid mixing during unloading and use. Stockpiles of aggregate shall be
allowed to drain to ensure relatively uniform moisture content throughout the stockpile.
Suitable means shall be provided in hot weather to shield the aggregate stockpiles from
direct rays of the sun. Tests for compliance with the requirements of grading and cleanliness
may be carried out, if required, on samples taken from the points of stockpiling or batching.
Aggregates shall be washed as often as required to conform to this specification. Where
more than one size of aggregate are combined in concrete mix, the proportion of
combination shall conform to the appropriate grading as established by tests or as directed.
03.4.3 Water
(1) Water for concrete mixing and curing shall be from approved source. It shall be clean and
shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C94.
(2) Water shall be piped or otherwise stored in an enclosed container free from contamination.
03.4.4 Admixtures
(I) Admixtures to be used for concrete, when permitted, shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM.C260 and ASTM C494. Admixtures used in the work shall be of the same
composition as used in establishing concrete proportions for the required class of concrete.
(2) Admixtures shall be stored in such a manner as to avoid contamination, evaporation or
damage.
(3) Agitation equipment shall be used to ensure thorough distribution of the ingredients of non-
stable or suspension solutions of admixtures. Liquid admixtures shall be protected from
ECPN 3 - 1996 19
temperature changes that would adversely affect their characteristics.
03.4.5 Water Stops
(1) Water stops for expansion and construction joints shall be manufactured from polyvinyl
chloride plastic compound and shall not contain scrap or reclaimed material. The
properties of the polyvinyl chloride shall confirm to recognized water stop fabrication
standards. Water stops may be flat ribbed, ribbed with centre bulb, dumb shell or other
types suitable for the intended purpose. Where movement between members is expected
only ribbed with centre bulb stops or equal and approved types of water stops shall be
used.
(2) Concrete shall be well worked and vibrated around water stops to avoid honey combing
and voids and insure complete contact between water stop and concrete. Water stops shall
be held firmly in position to prevent misalignment while concreting.
03.4.6 Concrete
(1) The classes and grades of concrete to be used for concrete works shall conform to the
requirements of "EBCS-2 part 1 - 1995, Chapter 8, material & workmanship" The table as
shown in Chapter 9 of EBCS-2, 1995, for standard mixes is reproduced in the following
page.
ECPN 3 - 1996 20
Standard Mixes for Ordinary Structural Concrete per 50 kg Bag of cement
40
Concrete Nominal max. size of Aggregate(mm) 20 14 10
Grade Workability Medium High Medium High Medium High Medium High
Limits of slump that may be expected (mm) 30 to60 60 to 120 20 to 50 50to100 10 to 30 30 to 60 10 to 25 25 to 50

Total Aggregate(kg) 640 550 540 480
Fine Aggregate(%) 30- 45 30 – 45 35 – 50 35 – 50
C5 _ _ _ _
Vol. of Aggregate(m3) 0.312 0.275 0.277 0.252
Total Aggregate(kg) 370 330 320 280
Fine Aggregate(%) 30 – 45 30 – 45 35 – 50 35 – 50
C 15 _ _ _ _
Vol. of Aggregate(m3) 0.200 0.183 0.178 0.160
Total Aggregate(kg) 305 270 280 250 255 220 240 200
Fine Aggregate(%) 30 – 35 30 – 40 30 – 40 35 – 45 35 – 45 40 – 50 40 – 50 45 – 55
C 20
Vol. of Aggregate(m3) 0.277 0.155 0.156 0.155 0.145 0.130 0.137 0.155
Fine Aggregate(%) 30 – 35 30 – 40 30 – 40 30 – 40 35 – 45 40 – 50 40 – 50 45 – 55
C 25
Fine Aggregate(%) 30 – 35 30 – 40 30 – 40 35 – 45 35 – 45 40 – 50 40 – 50 45 – 55
C 30
ECPN 3 - 1996 21
(2) Upon signing the contract, the Contractor shall arrange for tests, at an approved laboratory,
of the mixes proposed for the concrete works. The certified results shall be delivered for
approval before any concreting work is carried out.
(3) The proportion of ingredients shall be such as to produce a mixture which will work readily
into the corners and angles of the forms and around reinforcement without segregation of the
material components. Only the mix from which the desired properties are established, shall
be used for the works.
(2)The Contractor shall arrange an approved laboratory for sampling and cube tests to conform
to the requirement. If the result of the test falls to meet the required standard, the concrete
cast before and after the test, shall be removed as soon as instruction is given.
03.5 EXECUTION
03.5.1 Gauging and Mixing
(1) Cement shall be measured by weight, and fine and coarse aggregates by weight, or if
approved, by volume. Mixing is to be carried out in a mechanical batch mixer of an
approved size and type and equipped with an adequate device for measuring accurately the
amount of water added to each batch.
(2) The mixer shall be thoroughly cleaned before use, and the first batch shall contain excess
cement to coat the inside of the drum.
(3) Mixing shall continue until there is a uniform distribution of the materials and the mass is
uniform in colour and consistence but, in no case shall the mixing continue for less than
two minutes after adding water. The consistence of the concrete shall be controlled by
direct measurement of the water content, making allowance for any water in the aggregate.
The volume of concrete in any batch shall not exceed the rated capacity of the mixer.
(4) The whole of the mixed batch shall be removed before materials for fresh batch enter the
mixer. On cessation of concreting, including all stoppages, exceeding 20 minutes, the
mixer, handling plant and tools shall be washed with water.
(5) Hand mixing of concrete shall not be done. If the situation makes hand mixing unavoidable,
the cement content of the concrete in the mix shall be increased by 10%. Under no
circumstance shall hand mixing be allowed for concrete Class C-30.
(6) Mixed concrete shall not be modified by the addition of extra water or cement or otherwise,
in order to facilitate handling or for any purpose. Additives to improve workability may be
used only with prior approval.
(7) Admixtures shall be used as directed by manufacturers. Aggregates in hot weather shall be
sprayed with water before mixing to ensure that the temperature of the aggregate and water
mix does not exceed 32 degree centigrade.
(8) Any concrete not placed within half an hour of mixing shall be rejected.
03.5.2 Handling and Placing of Concrete
(1) Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to the point of deposit, in such a manner as to
prevent segregation or loss of ingredients, and placed in position not more than 30
minutes after the first wetting of cement in any one batch. Unless specially permitted,
ECPN 3 - 1996 22
concrete is not to be dropped in from a height exceeding 1.30rn.

(2) In reinforced concrete work, the concrete when in position, shall immediately be worked
and carefully packed around the reinforcing bars and into all parts of the moulds and
thoroughly tamped until all voids of air have been expelled. Care must be taken to ensure
that the reinforcement is not displaced from its correct position during concreting.
(3) During and immediately after depositing, concrete shall be thoroughly compacted by
means of mechanical vibration. Vibrators shall be of approved types and shall be capable
of transmitting vibrations at frequencies of not less than 5,000 impulses per minute. The
vibration shall be of sufficient duration and intensity to compact the concrete thoroughly,
but shall not continue so as to cause segregation. Freshly placed concrete shall not be
vibrated in a manner likely to cause damage to concrete in other parts of the work which
has already set.
(4) Placement of concrete shall be brought up evenly and with the minimum amount of
lateral flow. No concrete shall, on any account, be added to work which has began to set.
No concrete shall be mixed or deposited during inclement weather.
03.6 CONSTRUCTION JOINT
(1) All construction joints shall be made against approved forms placed in position. Vertical joints
shall be rebated. Horizontal joints shall also be rebated if so directed. Before any new concrete
is placed on or against concrete which has hardened the form shall be retightened. Before
placing concrete against a completed face, the face shall be roughened in a manner that will
not leave loose particles of aggregate or damaged concrete at surface. The face shall be
thoroughly cleaned of foreign matter and saturated with water. To ensure an adequate bond at
the juncture of the hardened and the newly deposited concrete, the surface shall first be
thoroughly covered with either a coating of mortar of the same proportion of sand and cement
as the class of concrete used or neat cement grout. The new concrete shall be placed before the
grout or mortar has attained its final set. The placing of concrete shall be carried continually
from joint to joint.
(2) All construction joints in water retaining structures shall have approved built in water stops.
The positions are to be agreed before construction commences.
03.7 CURING OF CONCRETE
(1) Concrete shall not be jarred, walked on, or disturbed during setting and must be protected from
damage by heavy rain. Concrete shall be kept thoroughly damp for a minimum of 7 days, or as
directed. Care shall be exercised to prevent its drying out too quickly.
03.8 FINISHING CONCRETE SURFACES
(1) Unless otherwise directed, concrete faces not in contact with formwork shall generally be
finished tamped. Faces in contact with formwork shall be finished as described in the
Formwork section of this Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 23
ECPN 3 - 1996 24
SECTION - 04
FORMWORK
04.1 DEFINITION
(1) Formwork shall mean temporary support construction for cast in place concrete, designed and
constructed in timber, timber product or metal and capable of withstanding the live and dead
loads imposed on it and fully preventing leakage of concrete.
-
04.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Timber, Timber product, steel panels, shores, wedges, nails, labour and tools shall be provided
as required for the satisfactory construction of formwork.
04.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall be complied with:
- EBCS-5 Utilization of Timber, Ethiopian Building Code Standards.
(2) Timber and panel formwork for reuse shall be cleaned, oiled and stacked.
04.4.4 Formwork Design
(1) The Contractor shall be responsible for the design, stability, easing and striking of all
formwork.
(2) Formwork shall be designed to include own weight, live load, weight of moving equipment
operated on formwork, weight of the concrete in its fluid condition, ambient temperature, and
other factors pertinent to safety of structure during construction.
(3) Formwork shall be sufficiently strong and so placed and secured to ensure absolute rigidity
during pouring, tamping, vibrating and compacting of concrete without showing appreciable
deflection and loss of liquid.
(4) Vertical and lateral loads shall be carried to the ground by formwork and in place construction
that has attained adequate strength for the purpose until such loads can he supported by the
concrete structure.
(5) Formwork shall he so designed that the finished concrete shall conform to the dimensions and
contours shown on drawings.
04.5 FORMWORK CONSTRUCTION
(1) Forms shall be constructed to the exact shapes and dimensions shown and as required to obtain
accurate alignment, location grade, level and plumb work in finished structures. Provision
shall be made for openings, offsets, sinkings, recesses, mouldings, reglets, chamfers, screeds,
anchorages, inserts and other required features.
(2) Forms shall be fitted in successive units for continuous surface to accurate alignment, free
from irregularities and within allowable tolerances.
(3) Forms for openings and construction which accommodate installation by other trades whose
materials and products are fabricated before measurements could be taken shall be accurately
ECPN 3 - 1996 25
dimensioned and located as shown on drawings. Where deviation from the drawing
dimensions results in problems on site, the Contractor shall be responsible for the rectification
of the problems as approved.
(4) Forms shall be fabricated for easy removal without hammering or prying against concrete
surfaces. Crush or wrecking plates shall be provided where stripping may damage cast
concrete surfaces. Additional forms shall he provided as required for inclined surfaces where
the slope is too steep to place concrete with bottom forms only. Curf wood inserts for forming
reglets, recesses, and the like shall he provided to prevent swelling and assure ease of removal.
(5) Temporary openings shall be provided where interior area of formwork is inaccessible for
cleaning and where pouring of concrete exceeds 1.3m in height. They shall he placed in
inconspicuous locations as much as possible and consistent with design requirements.
(6) Shores and struts shall be provided with positive means of adjustment using wedges, jacks or
other appropriate means, capable of taking up formwork settlement during concrete placing
operations. Truss supports shall be used where adequate foundation for shores and struts
cannot be secured.
(7) Form facing materials shall be supported by structural members spaced sufficiently close to
prevent undesirable deflection.
(8) Cambers in formwork shall be provided as required for anticipated deflections due to weight
and pressure of fresh concrete and construction loads.
(9) If approved, side forms of footings may be omitted and concrete placed directly against
excavation. If omitted, a minimum additional coverage of 50mm of concrete of the same
quality used for the footing shall he provided on each side.
04.6 PREPARATION FOR CONCRETE COATING
(1) Rubbish, particularly wire cut-off, chipping, shaving and sawdust, shall be removed from the
interior of the forms before concrete is poured. Washout holes shall he provided to facilitate
cleaning. Formwork surfaces in contact with concrete shall he cleaned and thoroughly wetted
and treated with an approved none staining mould oil or other composition. Approved mould
oil or composition shall be kept out of contact with the reinforcement and shall he used as
sparingly as possible.
04.7 FORMWORK APPROVAL BEFORE CONCRETE CASTING
(I) No concrete shall be poured until the formwork has been inspected and approved, and
instruction to proceed with pouring of concrete is given.
04.8 FORMWORK REMOVAL
Formwork shall not be removed until the concrete is sufficiently strong to safely carry the loads
(3) Formwork and shuttering shall generally be removed from the bottom upwards, and in such a
manner as to permit the concrete to uniformly and gradually take the stresses due to its own
weight.
ECPN 3 - 1996 26
04.9 FORMWORK CLASSIFICATION
04.9.1 Ordinary Finish Formwork
(1) Formwork material for concrete concealed from view or to be finished with covering
materials shall be sawn board, plywood or steel panel reasonably straight grained to
provide mechanical bond for subsequent application of finish.
(2) After removal of formwork, the face of the exposed concrete shall be rubbed down
immediately to remove fins or other irregularities. In the event of parts of the concrete
being honeycombed, such portions shall be cut Out to required depth and shape and made
up with concrete of approved quality. The face of the concrete for which formwork is not
provided, other than those against which backfill or further concrete or other material is to
be placed shall be floated smooth to give a finish equal to that of the rubbed down face
where formwork is provided.
(3) Face of concrete intended to be plastered or rendered shall be hacked or treated with a
bonding agent to form satisfactory adhesion.
04.9.2 Fair Face Concrete Formwork
(1) Formwork for exposed concrete surface to he finished fair face shall he plywood, metal or
other panel material to provide continuous, straight, smooth as cast surfaces. Panel sizes
shall be as large as practicable to minimize joints.
(2) Where directed, faces of concrete shall he finished fair by means of wort formwork, to
produce a true surface and shall have all imperfections in the concrete face cut out and
made good in cement mortar to match the texture and colour of the concrete. The concrete
shall be rubbed down with carborundum stone, dipped in cement grout to finish clean and
smooth to a high standard, without trace of shuttering marks, joints or other
disfigurements.
04.9.3 Patterned Concrete Formwork
(1) Formwork for patterned concrete surface shall be for fair face finish in plywood, milled
timber board, metal or other panel material to provide straight, smooth as cast surfaces as
specified or directed.
(2) Patterned finish shall be formed with approved wort boards of specified nominal width,
having exposed grain and being arranged as shown on drawings.
(3) Timber boards where specified, shall be tongued and grooved and of adequate thickness.
The edges of boards shall have a nominal 2mm chamfer to form controlled fins.
(4) The resulting concrete shall clearly show grain. Individual board marks shall be free from
honeycombs and excessive air holes and shall be of uniform colour.
ECPN 3 - 1996 27
SECTION - 05
REIN FORCEMENT
05.1 DEFINITION
(1) Reinforcement work shall be understood as the supply and fixing of reinforcement bars,
including ties and chairs.
05.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Reinforcing bars, welded fabric reinforcement, tie wire, chairs, labour and tools for the
satisfactory placement of reinforcement works shall he provided.
05.3 STANDARD

ES C D7101 Mild steel reinforcement, ESI
EBCS-2, 1995 Structural use of concrete
05.4 MATERIALS
05.4.1 Submittal
(1) The Contractor shall submit for approval, the manufacturer's certificate of test showing the
following characteristics for reinforcing bars and wires prior to placing order. However,
independent tests may he ordered to be made and any steel which does not comply in all
respects with the required properties shall be rejected.
- Ultimate tensile stress

- Yield point stress
 Elongation
- Cold bend test
(2) Where certified test data is not issued, tests shall be made to verify the above properties. The
criteria for the acceptance of the above test results shall he those required by ES. C. 07. 101.
(3) Where deformed and/or twisted bars are specified, the form of the bars used must be approved
and shall be such as to provide a net section at all points equivalent to that of a plain bar of
equal nominal size.
05.4.2 Delivery and Storage
(1) Reinforcement shall be delivered in sufficient quantities prior to start of concrete work, to
ensure that no constructed formwork lies idle and exposed to weather due to reinforcement not
being placed in position.
(2) Reinforcement shall be stored in off-the-ground position to prevent rust by contact with soil,
dampness and other objectionable material.
ECPN 3 - 1996 28
05.5 EXECUTION
05.5.1 Preparation
(I) Formwork and conditions under which reinforcement is to he placed shall be examined and
corrected prior to the placement of concrete. Such cleaning up and correction shall he as
described in the concrete & formwork sections of this Specification.
5.5.2 Placement of Reinforcement
(1) All reinforcement shall be to the forms and dimensions, and placed and maintained exactly
in the position shown on drawings. Bars are to be bent and straightened in such a manner
as to avoid any injury to the metal. Bends are to be made without the use of heat and round
a form having a diameter at least four times the diameter of the bar. Bars having cracks or
splits at the bends shall be rejected. Bars shall be firmly bound together at intersections
with 1 .6mm mild steel wire. Bars connected longitudinally shall be overlapped for lengths
as specified but not less than 30 diameters and are to be securely wired. Bars shall be
hooked in the manner shown on standard drawings.
(2) Reinforcement shall be free from dirt, grease, oil, paint, scale and rust when placed in
position. Any reinforcement left to stand before concreting shall, if required, be pretreated
with cement-water wash.
(3) To ensure that the required concrete cover shown on the drawings is maintained at all
points, precast concrete cubes, or metal packing in pieces of appropriate thickness shall be
used wherever necessary.
(4) The placing and binding of reinforcement, in each section of the work, shall be approved
before any concrete is placed in the section concerned.
05.6 REINFORCEMENT CLASSIFICATION
(1) Reinforcing bars shall be classified as whether: intermediate grade or high tensile steel
deformed, twisted or plain.
(2) Fabric reinforcement shall be classified separate from bar reinforcement.
ECPN 3 - 1996 29
SECTION - 06
PRECAST CONCRETE
06.1 DEFINITION
(1) Precast concrete shall be understood to be plain or reinforced concrete units set in moulds as
detailed, cured and fixed in position.
06.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENT
(1) Comply with the 'Work included, Standards and Materials sections of the following as
applicable for precast concrete:
- Cast in place concrete - Concrete formwork
- Reinforcement
06.3 EXECUTION
06.3.1 Samples of Precast Units
(3) Before fabrication in hulk, specimen samples of precast units shall he submitted for approval,
with which further deliveries or castings shall he compared for uniformity of colour and finish.
06.3.2 Casting
(1) Precast concrete shall be concrete of specified class and shall be thoroughly compacted by
vibration in the moulds. Moulds shall not be removed until at least seven days after
placing the concrete. The sides may be removed after three days provided that the moulds
are such that the sides are easily removable without damaging the concrete.
(2) Precast work shall he cast under sheds and shall remain in there while in the moulds and a
further seven days after removal from the moulds. During the whole of this period, the
concrete shall be shielded and kept wet by sacking or other approved means. It may then
be removed from the sheds and stacked in the open, until the end of the cure period or
used.
(3) Unless specific dimensions are given, precast work shall be cast in lengths convenient for
handling. The precast units shall have adequate strength to resist over stressing and
damage during handling and erection. Care shall be taken to ensure that the units are not
chipped or damaged.
(4) Architectural, structural and services drawings shall he examined to determine dimension
an location of holes.
(5) Permission to form holes in precast units after casting shall not normally be given, but
exceptional cases where the structural soundness of the perforated unit and its visual
acceptability satisfactory such permission may be given in writing.
(6) Precast units shall he clearly marked immediately after casting or demoulding showing
identification of the unit. The marking is to be located so that it is not visible after
erection.
ECPN 3 - 1996 30
06.3.3 Erection
(1) Precast units shall be hoisted, placed in position and fixed in such a way as to avoid
over stressing or damage to neither the units nor causing damage to previously erected
structure. Where shown, the unit shall be laid on thin bed of cement-sand mortar in order
to even Out irregularities of supporting members.
ECPN 3 - 1996 31
SECTION - 07
STONEWORK
07.1 DEFINITION
(1) Stonework shall mean shaping, arranging and jointing stone to form walls and other parts
of buildings. Stone shall mean rock selected or shaped by cutting and sizing for building
and other uses.
07.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) All materials, mortar, ties as indicated on drawings and specified herein and labour,
equipment tools and scaffolding as required for the satisfactory execution of the works
shall he provided.
07.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall be complied with
EBCS-6 Design of Masonry Structures

ES CS 201 General requirement, Portland cement.
ES CO5 003 Hydrated Lime
BS 890 Quick lime
ASTM C94 Mixing water for concrete
BS 1200 Sand for mortar for plain and reinforced brick work
07.4 MATERIALS
07.4.1 Stone
(1) Stone shall comply with the requirements of EBCS-6, Ethiopian Building Code Standard.
07.4.2 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of “Cast in place concrete” section of this
Specification.
07.4.3 Sand
(1) Sand shall comply with the requirements of BS1200.

07,4.4 Lime
(1) Hydrated lime shall comply with the requirements of ES CO5 033. Quick lime shall comply
with the requirements of BS 890.
(2) Lime shall be slaked in boxes or lined pits, ensuring that no contact is made with earth or
other impurities. Ample water shall be added to slake the lime to the required standard.
Lime shall be slaked outside for not less than 15 days. All impurities and solid materials
shall be screened out before it is used.
(3) Hydrated lime shall be slaked for a minimum period of 24 hrs. All impurities and solid
materials 00 shall be screened before use.
(4) Lime from different sources or different slaking time shall not be used in one mix and shall
be used in the order of delivery.
ECPN 3 - 1996 32
(5) Cement mortar for stonework shall be 1 part cement and 4 parts sand by volume as
instructed or specified or in accordance with EBCS-6, whichever is more stringent.
(6) Compo mortar for stonework shall be I part cement 2 parts lime and 9 parts sand by
volume, or as instructed or specified or in accordance with EBCS-6 which even is more
stringent.
(7) Only cement mortar shall be used for stonework below grade.
07.5 EXECUTION
07.5.1 Samples
(1) A minimum size of 100x1000mm sample panel for each type of stonework showing stone face,
method and finish of jointing, pattern and workmanship shall be built for approval. All
construction thereafter shall in all respects comply with the approved samples.
07.5.2 Surface Preparation
(1) Concrete and other surfaces to receive stonework shall be clean from earth, dust, debris, etc.,
and wetted before mortar is laid on the surface.
(2) Where no concrete or other building material is provided under stonework a minimum
thickness of 50mm aggregate shall he placed on the excavated bottom and the surface wetted
before application of mortar.
07.5.3 Walls
(1) Stonework shall be built to the dimensions and inclinations shown on drawings.
(2) All stone shall be properly bonded throughout the work.
(3) Mortar bedding shall not he less than 20mm in thickness and shall be distributed to fill
cavities formed by joining stone.
(4) Excess mortar on surface requiring further finish shall he removed while still green.
(5) Excess mortar on surface required to be pointed shall be raked Out to the required depth as
the work proceeds.
07.5.4 Curing and Protection
(1) Stonework shall be protected from premature drying of mortar. The surface of walls shall be
kept wet by application of water for at least 7 days. In excessively high temperature areas, the
wetting shall continue for 28 days.
(2) Walls and their surfaces shall he protected from damage by other trades.
07.5.5 Classification
Stonework shall be classified for:
- Below and above grade work

- Wall thickness, if one of the faces is exposed to view and finish is to be applied
- Finish of surface
ECPN 3 - 1996 33
SECTION - 08
Brickwork
08.1 DEFINITION
(1) Brickwork shall mean arranging and jointing bricks to form wall and other parts of
buildings.
(2) Brick shall mean solid and hollow block unit formed from clay and hardened by drying and
burning in a kiln.
08.2 WORK INCLUDED
(I) All materials, mortar, tics as indicated on drawings and specified herein and labour,
equipment, tools and scaffolding as required for the satisfactory execution of the works shall
he provided.
08.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall be complied with-

- ES CD4 001 Solid clay brick
- ES CD4 026 Hollow clay brick
- ES CD5 201 General requirement, Portland cement
- ES CD5 003 Hydrated lime
- BS 890 Quick lime
-BS 1200 Sand for plain and reinforced brick works
- ASTM C94 Mixing water for concrete
08.4 MATERIALS
08.4.1 Bricks
(1) Bricks shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer and shall he adequately burnt,
selected for their consistency in dimensions, shape, arris and strength.
(2) Facing bricks shall, in addition to the above requirements, be selected for their consistency
in colour and texture.
(3) Bricks exposed to weather shall, in addition to the above requirements, be selected for least
water absorption and high durability.
- Solid clay brick shall comply with the requirement of ES C04 001
- Hollow clay brick shall comply with the requirement of ES C04 026
08.4.2 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete' section of this
Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 34
08.4.3 Sand
I) Sand shall comply with the requirements of BS 1200
08.4.4 Lime
(1) Lime shall comply with the requirements of the 'Stonework Section" of this specification.
08.4.5 Water
(I) Water shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
08.4.6 Mortar
(1) Mortar shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework section" of this Specification.
08.5 EXECUTION
(1) Samples of bricks shall be submitted for approval prior to bulk delivery.
(2) Execution shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework section" of this
specification excepting mortar bedding for brick work, which shall not exceed 10mm
thickness.
08.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) Brickwork be classified for:

- Solid and hollow brickwork
- Thickness
ECPN 3 - 1996 35
SECTION -09
CONCRETE BLOCKWORK
09.1 DEFINITION
(1) Block-work shall mean arranging and jointing precast concrete blocks to form walls and
other part of buildings.
(2) Concrete blocks shall mean unit is moulded from mixture of cement, fine and coarse
aggregates including lightweight aggregate wetted by adding water.
09.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) All materials, mortar, ties as indicated on drawing and specified herein and labour,
equipment, tools scaffolding as required for the satisfactory execution of the works shall
be provided.
09.3 STANDARDS
BS 890
- BS 1200
- ASTM C94
- ES CD3 301 Concrete hollow blocks
- ES CDS 201 General requirement, Portland cement
- ES CD5 003 Hydrated lime
BS 890 Quick lime
- BS 1200 Sand for mortar for plain and reinforced brick work Mixing
water for concrete.
09.4 MATERIALS
(1) Concrete block shall comply with the requirements of ES CD3 301
09.4.1 Blocks
(1) Blocks shall be manufactured from cement and aggregate. Concrete blocks shall be obtained
from an approved source or may be manufactured on site. If blocks are to be manufactured
on site, the Contractor shall produce sample blocks prepared from mixes to meet the
minimum compressive strength at 28 days. A minimum of 9 blocks shall be prepared from
one mix for testing. Test results shall he submitted for approval prior to bulk delivery.
(2) Blocks shall be uniform in size, shape, texture, free from any cracks or defects and shall be
moulded and wet cured under shed for a minimum of 7 days after casting. Only machines of
ECPN 3 - 1996 36
approved design shall be used for the manufacture of blocks.

(3) Blocks shall have key for plaster or render where required.
(4) Blocks shall not be taken away from place of manufacture before 28 days after casting.
(5) The followings are the minimum compressive strength requirements for blocks at the age of
28 days. Mix proportions and the materials components shall be adjusted as required to
obtain the necessary strength.
Average of 6 Blocks (Kg/cm2) Individual Blocks

(Kg/cm2)
(Kg/cm2)
A 42 38
B 40 32
C 20 18
*AA 70 65
**AAA 50 46
SOLID BLOCKS
* AA 120
** AAA 80
(6) Class AA is for load bearing below ground work. Class AAA is for above grade load
bearing wall.
09.4.2 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section of
this Specification.
09.4.3 Lime
(1) Lime shall comply with the requirements of the Stonework section of this
Specification.
09.4.4 Water
(1) Water shall comply with the requirements of the Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
09.4.5 Mortar
(1) Test certificates and sample of block showing face, key, shape and surface finish shall
be submitted for approval prior to execution.
09.4.6.1 Surface Preparation
(1) Surface preparation shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework section" of this
Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 37
09.4.6.2 Curing and Protection
(1) Curing and protection shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework section" of this
Specification.
09.5 CLASSIFICATION
(1) Block work shall be classified for:

- Solid and hollow block
- Wall thickness
- Finish Of surface
ECPN 3 - 1996 38
ECPN 3 - 1996 39
SECTION - 10
WATERPROOFING AND DAMP-PROOFING
10.1 DEFINITION
(1) Waterproofing includes the supply and application of waterproofing material to roofs and
terraces of buildings.
(2) Damp proofing\includes the supply and application of damp proofing material to vertical
and horizontal surface of buildings.
10.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Waterproofing material, adhesive, damp-proofing course and the like, labour and tools
required for the satisfactory executions of the works shall be provided.
10.3 STANDARDS

- ASTM D 41.78 Built-up roof primer
- ASTM D 28237.75 Built-up roof heavy duty coating
- BS1280, Table 2 Damp-proofings and
- ASTM D 2822.75 Built-up roofing patching
- ASTM D 224.81 Built-up roof membrane
- ASTM D 2824.76 Built-up roof aluminium roof coating
- BS 743 Damp proof course
10.4 MATERIALS
10.4.1 Products
(1) Materials for waterproofing and damp -proofingshall comply with the standards referred to
above or such other approved standard.
10.4.2 Product Data
(1) Materials shall be impervious to water, weather resistant and capable of withstanding without
damage, minor structural movement.
(2) Waterproofing materials shall withstand without damage, limited traffic and light
concentrated load associated with the installation and maintenance operation.
(3) The specifications, bill of quantities or schedules of waterproofing and damp-
proofingindicate the proprietary item intended to establish the standard. The Contractor may
submit other products meeting or exceeding the standards set by the proprietary item.
Determination of the equivalence shall be the sole judgement of the person designated to
give approvals and directions.
(4) Manufacturer's specification and other data required to demonstrate compliance with the
Standards and Specification shall be submitted for approval prior to placement of order.
ECPN 3 - 1996 40
10.4.3 Product Delivery
(1) Materials delivered to site in liquid form shall be in their original unopened containers
bearing the manufacturer label showing:
- Manufacturer's name and brand - Content by volume and weight

- Expiry date, and
- Application instructions
(2) Materials delivered to site in rolled or boxed form shall carry labels bearing the product
data specified above and the roll or box dimensions.
10.4.5 Qualification of Workmen and Supervision
(1) Waterproofing and damp-proofing shall be executed by skilled workmen who are
thoroughly experienced and familiar with the trade.
(2) Work shall, at all times, he executed under strict supervision.
10.4.6 Execution
10.4.6.1 Surface Preparation
(I) Surfaces to receive waterproofing and damp-proofing shall have adequate preparation as
instructed by the material manufacturer.
10.4.6.2 Application
(1) Application shall be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction.

(2) Where waterproofing and damp-proofing is used as flushing, the flashing shall be executed
concurrent with the installation of the water and damp proofing.
(1) Waterproofing and damp-proofing shall he identified by type and the surface of the building
on which it is to he applied.
ECPN 3 - 1996 41
ECPN 3 - 1996 42
SECTION - 11
CARPENTRY
11.1 DEFINITIONS
Carpentry Timber is timber in sawn form cut to required sizes and shapes in a saw mill or at site
but not planned to form smooth surfaces.
Carpentry Post is wood post either in its natural form with the barks removed and/or sawnto
required shape but not planned to form smooth surfaces.
Carpentry work is structural work in building constructed in planed timber or posts in
accordance with detailed drawings and specification of material given in
schedules.
11.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Carpentry timber, posts, nails, fasteners, other fixing devices, timber treatment chemicals, and
labour for the complete and satisfactory fabrication and erection of carpentry works shall he
provided.
11.3 STANDARDS
(1) Comply with the following standards:

- EI3CS - 5 Utilization of Timbers Ethiopian Building Code Standard
-CP. 112. 1971 Structural use of Timber in Buildings
- ES.G.B4. 120 Nails
- BS 4190 Black Hexagonal bolts, screws and nuts
11.4 MATERIALS
11.4.1 Type of Materials
(I) Timber for structural purpose shall be eucalyptus, zigba, kerero and other approved timber
meeting the design stress set out in the standards referred to above. All characteristics
affecting the strength of the timber, i.e. arris, face, margin, splits, knots, edge knit, wane,
defect ratio, slope of grain and the like shall comply with the requirements of the standards
referred to above.
(2) Timber ready for use shall be free from live borer, beetle, fungus or other insect attack.
Timber for use or already used shall removed and replaced if found defective and indication
of their being attacked is evident or discovered.
(3) The moisture content of the timber is to be maintained at no more than 22 percent of dry
weight.
(4) Nails to be used for carpentry work shall comply with the requirements of ES.G.B4. 120.
(5) Black hexagonal bolts, nuts, and screws for carpentry works shall comply with the
requirements of
ECPN 3 - 1996 43
BS 4190.
11.4.2 Treatment of Timber
(1) Timber susceptible to decay and attack by timber destroying fungi, insects and borers and
decay shall be treated as specified either by pressure impregnation or external treatment
prior to use.
(2) Timber 'requiring treatment shall be stripped, sawn and seasoned to the required sizes and
standards prior to application of treatment.
(3) Timber required to be pressure impregnated shall he treated in accordance with the
chemical manufacturers instructions and in no case less than at a pressure of 10
atmospheres maintained for a minimum of one hour. The end cut of pressure impregnated
timber, shall he treated by brush application, dipping, or spraying at site before and after
being fixed in position.
(4) Surface treatment of timber shall be by dipping, spraying or brush application on site as
directed by the chemicals manufacturer but, in no case less than three coats of application.
(5) Timber requiring treatment and buried below ground, if not pressure impregnated shall at
all times receive external preservative treatment application whether or not stated on
drawings or schedules.
(6) The chemical and method of application of both pressure impregnation and external
preservative coating require approval prior to execution.
11 .4.3 Protection, Storage and Handling
(1) Measures shall be taken to prevent timber from attack decay and by timber destroying fungi
and borers, during storage, fabrication and erection of carpentry works.
(2) Timber shall be purchased immediately after taking over the site or a time no less than
required to bring it to the maximum permissible moisture content.
11.5 FABRICATION AND ERECTION
11.5.1 Samples
(1) Samples of component materials and in fabricated and assembled form shall be produced for
approval prior to fixing in position. Samples to he checked after fixing in position shall not
be done without prior approval.
11.5.2 General
(I) Structural timber is to hold to full dimension and remain uniform in thickness throughout.
The minimum dimension indicated on drawings or specifications shall be kept at the narrow
end in tapering timber.
(2) Surfaces at joints in an assembly shall be in good contact over the whole area of the joint
before any pressure or restraint is applied by the fasteners.
(3) Longitudinal and vertical sections shall be in one length as far as possible. Where joints are
shown on drawings or are inevitable due to the length of the timber, such joint shall he butt
jointed/spliced and connected as detailed on drawings but in no case shall overlap be less
than 600mm unless prior approval for smaller overlap is obtained.
ECPN 3 - 1996 44
(4) Temporary propping and hacking shall be provided as required in the erection of timber
structural members.
11.5.3.1 Post Truss and Rafter
(1) Truss and rafter shall be fabricated from eucalyptus or other equivalent posts complying
with the "Materials & Fabrication and erection" sections of this Specification.
(2) Members shall be spliced where necessary, securely nailed or bolted to each other and
tied with mild steel bands at all splices and joints.
(3) Trusses and rafter shall be securely tied or bolted to the support as detailed or specified
on drawings. Where no details are shown the bottom members shall be securely tied
using 6 or 8mm diameter mild steel round bars embedded in concrete or masonry or
welded to or tied around steel or timber supports.
(4) The member receiving purlins shall be uniform in elevation oil trusses and rafters along
the length of the purlin. No truss or rafter member shall be notched to receive purlins.
Notched member shall be removed and replaced unless approval is given to rectify by
inserting wedges. Only sawn timber shall be used for wedging.
11.5.3.2 Sawn Timber Trusses and Rafters
(1) Trusses and rafters shall be fabricated from sawn timber complying with the requirements of
the "Materials and Fabrications and erection" sections of this Specification.
(2) Truss members and rafters shall be overlapped or spliced at locations shown on drawings.
Changes of locations of splices and overlaps require prior approval.
(3) Truss members shall be securely nailed, screwed or bolted together as detailed on drawings.
The nails, bolts and screws to be used for the works shall comply with the requirements of
the standards i referred to in the "Standards" section of this Specification.
(4) If additional ties to secure the members in position are shown on drawings or instructed such
ties shall be made in steel bands. Wedges and seats shall be in sawn timber and provided as
detailed on drawings or as instructed.
(5) The members receiving purlins shall be uniform in elevation on all trusses and rafters along
the length of the purlin. No truss or rafter member shall be notched to receive purlins.
Notched members shall be removed and replaced unless approval is given to rectify by
inserting wedges.
(6) Trusses and rafters shall be securely tied or bolted to supports as detailed on drawings.
Where no details are shown, the bottom members shall he tied to the support using 6 or 8mm
diameter mild steel round bars embedded in concrete or masonry or welded to or tied around
steel or timber posts.
11.5.3.3 Round timber purlins
(1) Purlins shall be produced from eucalyptus or other equivalent timber complying with the
"Materials and fabrications and erection" sections of this Specification. Purlins shall be
securely nailed to trusses.
(2) Purlins shall have uniform diameter throughout and shall be spliced at joints. The splices
ECPN 3 - 1996 45
shall be 600mm overlap if not shown on drawings. Splices shall be made at truss or rafter
supports as far as possible.
11.5.3.4 Sawn Thither Purlins
(1) Sawn timber purlins shall he produced from timber complying with the "Materials &
fabrication and erections" sections of this Specification. Purlins shall be securely nailed or
bolted to trusses as detailed on drawings.
(2) Purlins shall remain uniform in size through out the whole length and spliced at joints. The
splices shall be 600mm overlap if not indicated on drawings. Splices shall he made at truss
or rafter supports wherever possible.
11.5.3.5 Post and Timber Uprights, Beams and Bracings
(1) Post and timber uprights, beams and bracings shall comply with the requirements of the
"Materials and fabrication and erection" sections of this Specification.
(2) Members shall be selected for uniformity of dimension and straightness. No spliced
members shall be used for uprights. The splicing of beams and bracings shall he as detailed
on drawings or as directed.
(3) Posts, uprights, beams and bracings shall be embedded, tied, anchored, or bolted as shown in
details. The bolts to be used shall comply with the requirements stated in the 'Standards'
section of this Specification.
11.5.3.6 Timber for Joinery Backing
(1) Timber for the backing of joinery works like ceiling, soffits, cladding, doors, windows, built-
in furniture shall comply with the requirements of the "Material and fabrication and
erection" sections of this Specification. Timber shall be milled if required by the nature of
the joinery works.
(2) Members shall he selected for uniformity of dimension and straightness.
(3) Members shall he, placed set at spacing shown on drawings and securely nailed or glued
depending on the type of joinery.
(4) Timber in one length shall be used for joinery hacking. Where the joinery work requires
shop drawing, the method of jointing shall be approved prior to production. Where cross
members are placed, such cross members shall be securely nailed or glued together to ensure
that no displacement occurs while the joinery facing is placed on the timber hacking.
ECPN 3 - 1996 46
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ECPN 3 - 1996 47
SECTION - 12
JOINERY
12.1 DEFINITION
Joinery is work on milled timber, and timber finished smooth and timber product laminated panels
accurately joined together to produce shop finished wood products and furniture.
12.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Milled joinery timber, timber product laminated panels, fixing, nails, screws, bolts, nuts, glues
and other fixing devices as necessary, skilled workmen and machinery for a complete and
satisfactory fabrication and installation shall be provided.
(2) Surface treatment, backing adhesive, primer and decorative paint or other finish shall be
understood as included where not specified separate.
(3) All iron mongery shall he understood as included where not specified
separate.
12.3 STANDARDS
(I) The following standards are to be complied with:-
EBCS-5 Utilization of Timber, Ethiopian Building Code Standard

ES. C. D 1.101 Chip boards, ESI
ES. C.D1. 103 Plywood, ESI
BS 344 ES.G. Blockboard and laminboard
B4. 120 Nails, ESI
BS 1210 Wood screws
BS 1204 Synthetic resin adhesives
12.4 MATERIALS
12.4.1 Product Data

(1) The types of products indicated hereunder are the minimum recommended types of materials
to obtain the required standard of work. Substitute materials of equivalent or higher
standards may he used subject to prior approval. Timber, posts, and boards to be used for
joinery shall be of the highest quality of the selected type and obtained from approved
sources.
(2) The following product data shall be submitted for approval before fabrication of joinery
begins:
- Proposed type of timber and laminated boards to be used for the joinery including
ECPN 3 - 1996 48
backings and the sources of materials.

- Method of impregnating timber.
- Proposed workshop of fabrication of joinery.
- Shop drawing for joinery showing the general arrangement, details of materials to be
used and methods of construction and jointing, type of finish and other related details.
- Type and make of glue, primer and surface finish coating and paint.
- Type, size and make of hinges, locks, knobs, lock furniture and other iron mongery to
be used for the works.
12.4.2 Joinery Timber
(1) Joinery timber shall be kerero, tid, woira or other approved timber seasoned to the allowable
limit. Joinery timber shall in general comply with the requirement of the Carpentry" section
of this Specification. In addition to the requirements of carpentry timber, the following
specified requirements are to be complied with
The moisture content of timber is to be maintained at no more than 12-15% of dry weight.
- Joinery timber shall be milled to accurate dimensions.
Joinery timber shall be straight grained. Grains appearing on the surface of finished
joinery to be stained shall he of the same character.
- Unless specified, exposed surfaces of timber for joinery shall not have visible knots
impairing the appearance of the finished surface.
- Timber for joinery not exposed to view may have knots provided such knots do not
affect the structural strength of the timber.
- Timber that has developed visible cracks shall not be used for joinery.
12.4.3 Plywood
(1) Plywood shall be prime quality kerero, mahogany or other approved material to the
thicknesses specified on drawings and complying with the requirements of ES.C.DI .103.
(2) Joinery plywood shall be selected for smooth finish face veneers.
(3) Plywood veneers shall be free of joints, overlaps, visible defects, depression, etc., on
exposed faces. Where joints on faces cannot be avoided, the plywood shall he selected for
uniformity of grain
12.4.4 Chipboard (particle board)
(1) Chipboard shall be prime quality, in specified thickness complying with requirements of
ES.C.D.101. Chipboard shall be straight edge and free from visible defects that might impair
strength and appearance. The exposed face of chipboard shall be smooth enough to receive
further finish application.
12.4.5 Black board
(1) Blackboard shall be produced from plywood, chipboard or milled timber joined and glued
together to form the core. The faces of the core shall be covered with specified veneer of
thickness not less than 3mm glued to the core slab. Veneer lamination to core slab other
than ordinary plywood used to achieve high standard finish shall be in the specified
material glued to the core slab. Veneer for such lamination shall not exceed 3mm in
thickness and shall have uniform grain. Formica lining to core board of panels exposed to
ECPN 3 - 1996 49
moisture shall he of approved standard, colour and not more than 4mm thickness.
(2) The exposed faces of blackboard shall be selected for smooth finish. Blackboard shall be
free of any surface defects that might impair the appearance of the faces. The edges of
blackboard shall be lipped in milled timber with the finished timber face width not less
than 10mm.
12.4.6 Hardboard and Soft Board
(1) Hardboard and soft board shall be of specified thickness, selected for straight edges and
consistency in surface grain.
(2) The surfaces of hardboard and soft board shall be smooth or uniformly textured to receive
paint finish.
12.4.7 Screws and Nails
(1) Screws for joinery shall be round head, slotted or counter sunk and produced from steel,
brass or aluminum.
(2) Screws shall be selected to match depth of panels.
(3) Nails for joinery shall comply with the requirement of ES.G.B4. 120. Nails shall be free
from oxidation. The surfaces of nails shall be finished galvanized, lead or resin coated.
12.4.8 Adhesives
(1) Synthetic resin adhesive for joinery assembly work shall comply with the requirement of BS
1204.
(2) Adhesives shall be stored and used in strict conformity with the manufacturer's instructions.
(3) The quality of adhesives shall be selected for the weather condition to which the joinery is
exposed.
(4) Adhesive shall be used only within the time limit allowed by the manufacturer Adhesives
and work produced by out dated adhesives shall be rejected.
12.4.9 Protection, Storage and Handling
(1) In addition to the requirement specified hereunder, the contractor is required to comply with
the requirements of Protection, storage and handling" as specified in the 'Carpentry" section of
this Specification.
(2) Seasoned timber shall be stacked in roofed and walled enclosures to minimize variation in
moisture content beyond the permissible limit.
12.5 FABRICATION AND FIXING
12.5.1 General
(I) Actual dimensions of scantlings shall not vary from the specified dimension and shall he
uniform in thickness throughout. Boards shall adhere to the specified thickness and timber
shall be as long El', as possible and as practicable in order to eliminate joints.
(2) Joinery shall be accurately set out on boards to full size for the information and guidance of
the artisans before commencing the respective work.
ECPN 3 - 1996 50
(3) Joinery shall be cut and framed together soon after the commencement of the building or as
is practicable, and shall not he wedged up or glued until the building is ready for fixing of
joinery. Any portions that warp, wind or develop shakes or other defects within the Defects
liability Period, after completion of the construction shall be removed and new ones fixed in
their places together with all other related works which may be affected thereby.
(4) Joinery shall be properly mortised, tenoned, housed, shouldered, dovetailed notched,
wedged, pinned, etc. as directed and all properly glued up with approved glue.
(5) Joints in joinery must be specified or detailed, and so designed and secured to resist Of
compensate for any stress to which they may be subjected. Nails shall be punched in and
stopped.
(6) Joints shall not be made tight where shrinkage is liable to occur and glued where sealed
joints are required.
(7) Glues for load bearing joints and in damp conditions must he resin type.
(8) Exposed surface of joinery work shall he wort and all arises 'eased off" by planning and
sand papering to an approved finish.
(9) Beads, fillets and small members shall be fixed with round or oval brads or nails well
punched in and stopped. Large members shall be fixed with brass screws, the beads set in
and pelleted to match the grain.
(10) Ground for external and internal work shall he of approved timber. Holes for plugging in
grounds must he completely filled with the plugs.
(11) Grounds for fixing joinery shall generally be placed at 500mm centre intervals at the
minimum.
(12) Hardware (ironmongery) types and locations for each joinery items shall he verified
prior to cutting, rebating or any work associated therewith.
(13) The types and methods of fixing ironmongery shall be as specified in the "Finish
hardware" section of this Specification and decorative finish shall comply with the
requirements of-'the "Painting" section of this Specification.
12.5.2 Samples
(I) Samples of each type of work in its component material, and fabricated, assembled, fixed and
finished forms shall be produced for approval.
(2) All materials and work thereafter shall in all respects, comply with the approved samples.
(3) Samples shall be maintained and kept in their original conditions until permission to
remove them is granted.
12.6 CLASSIFICATION
12.6.1 Ceiling Soffits Nailed to Supports
(1) In addition to the particulars below, Ceiling Soffits nailed to supports shall comply with the
requirements set in the previous sections of this Chapter for standards, materials,
fabrication and fixing.
(2) This section covers chipboards, plywood, hardboard and soft board and metal ceiling panels
nailed to timber battens. Ceiling panels shall be nailed to sawn timber backing. Nails shall
be punched and stopped. The sizes, patterns and spacing of battens shall be as indicated on
drawings. Where details are not given, the minimum sizes of timber battens shall he
40x50mm and the maximum spacing 600mm centers in both directions. The battens shall
be fixed to trusses or rafters in 40x5Omm sawn timber suspenders, that may also be used to
ECPN 3 - 1996 51
adjust levels. Where truss spacing is not close enough to keep the ceiling battens level,
timber backing nailed or tied to the truss shall he provided as necessary. The pattern of
layout, if not given on drawings shall be as directed.
(3) Ceiling panel edges shall be finished straight or chamfered as shown on drawings or
schedules.
(4) Where ceiling panel edges are finished straight, the joints shall he covered with milled
timber moulded lists not less than 30mm wide. The cover moulds shall follow strict and
uniform pattern even if they are not to cover joints.
(5) The joints of ceiling to wall shall be covered with moulded corner lists of width not less
than 50mm.
(6) The gap to be left between chamfered panels shall he as detailed on drawings or where not
shown not less than 10mm.
(7) Unless specified, the joint between chamfered panels and walls shall be covered with
moulded cover fillets of width not less than 50mm.
(8) Ceiling panels less than 8min in thickness shall not he chamfered.
12.6.2 Suspended Ceiling
(1) In addition to the particulars below Ceiling Nailed to Supports shall comply with the
requirements set in the previous sections of this Chapter for standards, materials,
fabrication and fixing.
(2) This section covers, chipboard, plywood, metal, acoustic and other ceiling panels the
support frames of which are suspended from supports by wires, chains and steel profiles.
(3) Support metals shall be aluminum, galvanized or coated steel or other approved material to
the shapes and dimension shown on drawing or approved.
(4) Ceiling panels shall he accurately sized to the dimension shown on drawings.
12.6.3 Milled Timber soffit and Cladding
(I) In addition to the particulars below Ceiling Soffits Nailed to Supports shall comply with the
requirements set in the previous sections of this Chapter for standards, materials, fabrication
and fixing.
(2) The minimum thickness of milled timber shall be 15mm. The minimum panel width shall not
be less than 60mm. Unless shown on detail drawings to be otherwise, timber boards shall be
tongued and grooved and finished plain. Timber soffits and cladding shall be nailed to
battens. Unless shown on detail drawings. The battens shall be 5OxSOmm sawn timber,
spaced at maximum 500mm centre to centre at directions right angle to the boards. The
battens shall be securely fixed to truss members. Corners where soffits and cladding join
with walls, shall be covered in moulded timber cover fillets not less than 50mm wide.
12.6.4 Fascia and Barge Board
(I) Fascia and barge board shall be produced from specified or approved milled timber
complying with the requirements of the Standards and materials section of this Specification.
(2) Fascia and barge board shall have a minimum thickness of 20mm and width shown on
drawings. The edge of fascia and barge board shall he finished chamfered.
(3) The ends of fascia and barge board shall be spliced to show neat joints. Joints shall be filled
with saw dust and glue mix before application of paint.
ECPN 3 - 1996 52
12.6.5 Floor Boards
(1) The minimum width of the boards shall be 70mm and the thickness 15mm. Floor boards
shall he smoothly machined on the exposed face.
(2) Boards shall be tongued and grooved finished and accurately matched.
(3) Boards shall be accurately nailed on to sawn timber joists. Joists sizes and layout shall be as
shown on detail drawings. If no details are shown, the minimum sizes of joists shall be
60x5Omm. Joists shall not be spaced more than 500mm centers at right angles to the
direction of the boards.
(4) Joints shall be accurately laid and embedded in concrete. The clearance between the top of
the concrete and joists shall not exceed 20mm. Where concrete embedding is not provided,
joists shall he sufficiently braced to ensure that, there is no movement while the boarding is
nailed.
(5) Boards shall be nailed at tongues and well stopped. Floors shall he finished smooth by
machine and polished.
12.6.6 Timber Parquet Floor Tiles
(1) Parquet floor tiles shall be woira or other approved timber. Screed to receive tiles shall be
washed and cleaned and dried to ensure that no adhesive comes in contact with water.
Tiles shall be accurately laid and glued to sub-floor. The adhesive to be used shall fully
comply with the recommendations of the parquet tiles manufacturer.
(2) Parquet tiles shall be finished polished and free of any adhesive marks at work completion.
12.6.7 Skirting
(1) Skirting shall be produced from specified milled timber. Skirting shall be machine smooth
finished smooth by machine prior to installation.
(2) Skirting shall have a minimum thickness of Mimi and width as shown on drawings. If not
stated, the minimum width of skirting shall be 80mm.
(3) Full length timber shall he used for skirting as far as possible. The edge of skirting shall he
chamfered.
(4) Skirting shall be securely screwed or nailed to grounds in walls. Nails shall be punched in
and stopped.
(5) Splices at joints shall he accurately joined to ensure that joints are not visible after finishing
is applied.
12.6.8 Door Jambs
(1) Timber door Jambs shall be produced from specified or approved timber.
(2) Door Jambs shall be supplied assembled unless the supply of knock down forms is
approved.
(3) Transomes shall be scribed and framed to the iambs with mortise and tenon joints.
(4) Door Jambs 'shall be rebated as detailed on drawings.
(5) Fan light openings on door Jambs shall be provided as detailed on drawings.
(6) Glazing beads shall be temporarily pinned in position at the time of delivery.
(7) Door Jambs shall be notched to receive iron mongery. Notching shall he executed only
after the type of iron mongery and notching depth has been determined.
ECPN 3 - 1996 53
(8) Unless approved, door Jamb shall be produced from full width timber and to the finished
wall thickness. The minimum unrebated jamb thickness shall be 40mm. Lists to cover
joints between frame and wall on either face of frame, shall be milled timber moulded
architrave not less than 50mm wide.
(9) Assembled door frames shall have temporary diagonals and stretchers.
(10) Door frames shall be screwed to milled timber grounds embedded in masonry. The spacing
of ground for jambs and heads shall not be more than 1000mm centres.
(11) -Door frames may alternately be fixed using steel band cramps screwed or nailed to the
back of the frames and embedded in masonry. The distance between cramps shall not
exceed 1000mm centers.
12.6.9 Glazed Panel Doors
(1) Glazed wood doors shall be produced from specified or approved timber.
(2) Glazed wooden doors shall be supplied and assembled unless supply in knock down form
is approved.
(3) Doors shall be produced as detailed on drawings. The side, top, bottom and intermediate
rails shall be mortised and tenoned.
(4) Rails shall he produced from single width timber. Unless provided otherwise on drawings,
the unrebated sizes of rails shall not be less than 40mm thick and l00mm wide or such
width required to insert locks.
(5) Doors shall be rebated and notched for iron mongery. Notches on doors shall not extend
beyond 10mm of the edge of the panel. If the iron mongery requires notching beyond this
limit, flat metal lining shall be provided to the inner faces of the notched part in the depth
and length of notching.
(6) Notches shall be formed only after iron mongery has been examined and trial fitted on
sample door.
(7) Doors shall be rebated for glazing and beads temporarily pinned to the doors.
(8) Doors shall be hinged to frames at locations showing in schedules.
12.6.10 Match Boarded Doors
(1) Match boarded doors shall be produced from specified or approved timber.
(2) Match boarded doors shall be supplied assembled. Doors shall be produced as detailed on
drawings. The sides, top, bottom and intermediate rails of match hoarded doors shall be
mortised and tenoned.
(3) Rails shall be produced from single width timber. Unless provided otherwise on drawings,
the unrebated sizes of rails shall not be less than 40mm thick and 100mm width or such
width required to insert locks.
(4) Match board panels shall be tongued and grooved boards not less than 20mm thickness
and 80mm width. The panels shall be tightly and neatly tongued and grooved and securely
glued or secretly nailed to grooves in the intermediate rails.
12.6.11 Flush Wood Doors
(1) Flush wood doors for external use shall be produced from specified or approved tongued
and grooved timber. Flush wood doors for internal use shall he produced from timber or
panel hoards.
(2) The type of panel boards shall he as shown in schedules or approved.
ECPN 3 - 1996 54
(3) The finished thickness of flush doors shall not he less than 40mm.
(4) Face panels on either side shall not he less than 150mm wide and 15mm thick.
(5) Cores may alternately be formed in honey comb plywood of thickness not less than 4mm.
(6) The panel boards shall be securely glued to the core.
(7) Tongued and grooved timber if used, shall be neatly and tightly nailed to the core. All
outer edges of doors shall be lipped with milled timber to the width of the door and
showing not less than 10mm on face.
(8) Doors shall be rebated and notched for iron mongery. Notches on doors shall not extend
beyond 10mm of the edge of the panel. If the iron mongery requires notching beyond this
limit, flat metal lining shall he provided to the inner faces of the notched part in the depth
and length of notching.
(9) Notches shall be formed only after iron mongery has been examined and trial fitting on
sample door.
(10) Doors shall be rebated for glazing and heads temporarily pinned to the doors.
(11) Doors shall he hinged to frames at locations showing in schedules.
12.6.12 Wooden Windows
(I) The construction of wooden windows shall generally comply with the requirements of the
construction of doors where applicable, but shall incorporate the following changes and
additional requirements.
(2) Cills for windows shall be in full width timber and extending 30mm beyond the outer face-
of wall.
(3) Outer faces of cills beyond the rebate for opening shall be sufficiently slopped outward.
(4) Grooves for water drips not wider than 10mm shall be formed in the projecting section of
the cills.
12.6.13 Wall Panels
(1) Unless indicated on drawings, panels shall be produced from the biggest size of timber or
panel board manageable for handling. Wall panels for external use shall be produced from
specified or approved milled timber capable of resisting weather changes and moisture
absorption.
(2) The details of construction of external wall panels shall be such that panels are securely
and tightly fixed to supports and each other.
(3) Water drips shall be provided on panel leaves to ensure that no leakage or accumulation of
water is formed.
(4) Internal panels shall be free standing fixed against other walls.
(5) Internal panels use shall be produced from any one of the following as specified in
schedule and shown on detail drawings:
- Tongued and grooved milled timber boards of not less than 80mm width and 15mm
thickness.
- Open jointed milled timber boards of not less than 100mm width and 15mm thickness.
ECPN 3 - 1996 55
- Blackboards with specified plywood veneer exposed surface.
- Flush panel core construction in specified veneer plywood on both faces. The cons of the
panel shall comply with the requirements of door construction.
(6) Panels against walls shall be securely screwed to grounds embedded in walls or backings
in T or milled timber frames.
(7) Free standing panels shall be erected and securely fixed in accordance with approved
drawings.
(8) Frames and braces not exposed to view shall be sawn straight edge timber.
(9) Frames partially exposed to view shall be milled timber finished smooth.
(10) Panel joints against each other or walls shall he covered with milled moulded ti architrave
not less than 50mm wide.
(11) Where panels are left open jointed, the joints shall he uniform in width through out the I or
height of the panel.
(12) Insulation materials to be sandwiched between joinery panels or joinery panel and other
material shall be mineral wool, foam board, rock wool or other specified material in the
required thickness glued or placed as shown in details.
(13) Insulation material shall be laid continuous and to uniform thickness leaving no gap
between joints.
12.6.14 Built-in Cupboards
(1) Built-in cupboards shall be constructed from specified or milled timber and panel boards.
(2) The construction of cupboards and their finish shall be in accordance with the schedule of
joinery and detail drawings.
(3) Cupboards shall be divided into manageable units for ease of transport.
(4) The different elements forming the cupboard units shall be neatly joined and securely
fastened together in accordance with approved shop drawings.
(5) The following are the minimum standards of material components to be used for cupboard
construction:
FRAMES 40x40mrn finished size milled timber, if rebated on one face only. 5Ox5Omm
finished size milled timber, if rebated on two faces.
BOTTOMS, TOP 20mm thick edge lipped blackboard with exposed faces
AND DIVISIONS in plywood.
REAR AND SIDE Unless the detail requires that the finished face of rear and sides he left
as painted wall, cupboard shall be lined with 6mm hard board exposed face smooth finished. The
hardboard shall be securely screwed to walls and finished as directed.
DRAWERS Front and sides of drawers shall be built in 20mm thick milled timber.
The bottom of the drawer shall be blackboard not less than 20mm thick.
The rear shall be plywood or hard board not less than 6mm in thickness.
Unless drawer handles or knobs are indicated in the schedule, the front of the drawers shall he
notched for handles.
Drawers shall have milled timber, plastic or metal guide rails to each side.
Milled timber, metal or plastic drawer stopper shall be provided at the rear.
ECPN 3 - 1996 56
Drawers shall be boxed on three sides and built in 20mm thick blackboard with the upper face
finished smooth. The box shall he produced independent of the cupboards and securely fixed to
cupboard timber frames.
SHELVES Shelves shall be produced in 20mm thick block hoard with the upper face finished
smooth.
All edges of the blockboard shall he lipped in hardwood showing 10mm on face.
Shelves shall be supported on hard wood, metal or plastic supports securely
screwed or nailed to the cupboard frame and divisions and capable of taking the load from
the shelf.
DOOR PANELS Door panels shall be 20mm thick blockboard lipped on all edges. The face
panel shall be smooth. Door panels shall be rebated for ironmongery and notched for locks and
handles.
Metal or plastic guide rails fixed to bottom and top frames shall be provided for sliding door
panels.
Door panels shall he finished flush with surface or overlapping the frame.
ARCHITRAVE Architraves shall be in milled timber moulded as
approved, but not showing less than 50mm on face.
Corner architrave moulded to triangular face may show only 35mm on face.
SKIRTING Skirting shall be securely nailed or screwed to cupboard frame.
Nails and screws shall be punched in and stopped.
Skirting may alternately be built as the bottom supporting frame, lifting bottom of cupboard
100mm above finished floor but finished recessed at least 10mm from the face of the cupboard.
12.6.15 Counters and Cabinets
(1) Counters and cabinets shall be constructed from specified or approved milled timber and
panel boards.
(2) Counters and cabinets shall he divided into manageable units for ease of transport.
(3) The construction of counters and their finish shall be in accordance with the schedule of
joinery and detail drawings.
(4) The different elements forming the counter and cabinet units shall be neatly joined and
securely fastened together in accordance with approved shop drawings.
The following are the minimum standards of material components to he used for counter and
cabinet construction:
FRAMES 40x4Omm finished size milled timber rebated as required. 25x25mm

perimeter an bracing edge frames where required for sink recessing. Sink
counter shall he braced at howl and drain junction points.
BOTTOM SIDES 20mm thick edge lipped blackboard both faces finished in plywood
AND DIVISIONS
REAR 6mm plywood panel screwed to frames, if detail requires backing.
TOP Milled timber, machine joined if more than one piece or 20mm thick
blackboard surface finished in the specified material. The top finish shall
be either for mica or plywood veneer as specified in schedule.
DOOR AND Door panels shall he 20mm thick blackboard lipped on all edges. The face
FRONT PANEL panel shall he finished smooth.
FIXING If instructed, counters and cabinets shall be securely screwed to wall
ECPN 3 - 1996 57
against on grounds.
Hanging cabinets shall be provided with metal hangers fixed on the cabinets and metal hooks
securely embedded or screwed to wall.
12.6.16 Balustrades and Rails
(1) Balustrades and rails shall be produced from specified and approved milled timber.
(2) Balustrade and rails shall be machine smoothed, accurately shaped, moulded and grooved
prior to installation,
(3) All edges of rails shall be finished round moulded. Balustrades and rails shall be securely
screwed or bolted to supports. The supports shall be embedded in walls or other structure as
detailed on drawings. Where balustrades and rails are to be in timber, the balustrades and
rails shall he mortised and tenoned and securely glued.
(4) Anchors to rails and balustrades shall comply with the requirements of the Metalwork section of
this Specification.
(5) Paints of mails and balustrades shall comply with the "Painting" section of this
Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 58
SECTION - 13
STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK
13.1 DEFINITION
(1) Structural steelwork shall mean all work executed with structural grade steel plates and/or
profiles.
13.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) The following standards shall he complied with:
- BS 6363 Welded cold formed steel structure hollow sections

- BS 4360 Weld able structural steel
- BS 5950 Structural use of steel in buildings
- BS 639 Electrodes for manual metal welding
- BS 4190 Black hexagonal bolt, screws and nuts
- BS 5135 Are welding of carbon and carbon manganese steel.
.
13.4 MATERIALS
13.4.1 Submittal
The Contractor shall submit within a reasonable time after the signature of an agreement and in
any case prior to placement of order:
- Manufacturer's certificate indicating compliance of structural steel with specified dimension

and strength requirements and data required for the verification of the mechanical
properties of the material. The certificate shall indicate the grade of steel and details of the
mechanical analysis and chemical composition.
- Proposed methods of fabrication and assembly.
- Information on proposed fabrication shops.
- Erection instructions
13.4.2 Structural Steel
(1) Structural steel plates and profiles shall be intermediate grade complying with the
requirements Of BS 4360.
(2) Cold formed structural hollow section shall be intermediate grade steel complying with the
requirements of BS 6363.
(3) Structural steel material shall be sound and free from internal and external defects or surface
flows that might impair the section from the intended use and appearance.
(4) Structural steel shall be designed in manageable units for ease of transportation.
13.4.3 Black Bolts and Nuts
(1) Black bolts and nuts shall be hexagonal square or round produced from mild steel. Black
bolts and nuts shall comply with the requirement of BS 4190.
ECPN 3 - 1996 59
13.4.4 Welding Electrodes
(1) Welding electrodes shall be material complying with the requirements of BS 639.
13.4.5 Rivets
(1) Rivets shall be in mild steel or other suitable metal and alloys complying with the
requirements of BS 4620.
(1) Materials shall be stored and handled in a manner preventing deformation and damage.
Structural steel shall be stored in off ground position so that members are free of earth and
dampness. No foreign material shall he accumulated on steel structure.
(2) Nuts, bolts, electrodes and the like shall be stored in their original packing or in locked
containers until used.
13.5 TESTS
(1) Tests to verify the grade and mechanical properties of the structural steel and welding of
fabricated steel shall be carried out if required.
(2) Test samples shall be those randomly selected.
(3) The specific requirements of testing as detailed in BS 4360 shall be followed as
instructed.
13.6 FABRICATION AND ERECTION
13.6.1 General
(1) The fabrication, assembly and erection of structural steel shall generally comply with the
requirements of BS 5950, Part 2. Welding electrodes and procedures shall be such that the
deposited weld metal is not inferior in mechanical properties than the metal to be welded.
(2) Welding shall be executed in accordance with BS 5135 using up to-date practices.
(3) Shop drawings showing proposed methods of joining, welding rivetting, other
connections, assembly and erection shall be submitted for approval.
(4) All connections to be welded or riveted shall be securely held in position to ensure
accurate alignment, camber and elevation and approved before any welding is
commenced.
(5) The trial welds shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer the procedure to be
followed and the compliance of the welds to the strength requirement of the joints.
(6) The trial welds and civets shall include specimen weld and rivet details, representative of
the actual construction, which shall be done in a manner simulating the most unfavorable
condition liable to occur in the particular work.
(7) Records of welds and rivets showing the time of welding and the welder and supervisor
shall be kept for major welds.
-
ECPN 3 - 1996 60
(1) Metal workers, assemblers and erectors shall be skilled workmen who are thoroughly
trained and experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the
specific requirements and the methods needed for the proper performance of the work. At
least one person who is trained and highly skilled in the fabrication, assembly and erection
of structural steel shall be assigned.
(2) The Contractor is fully responsible to ensure that welders are skilled for the work upon
which they are engaged.
13.6.3 Protection
(1) Steel plates, profiles, structural elements and priming or other finish shall be protected from
damage during transport assembly and erection and from work of other trades.
13.6.4 Fabrication
(1) Fabrication sl1aII generally comply with the requirements of BS 5950 Part 2. All
fabrications shall be carried out in strict conformity with the approved shop drawings and
other instructions as may he given from time to time. Material components of structural
steel intended for field assembly or erection shall be properly marked to identify their
location in the structure. The identification marking shall be easily visible and durable but
not causing damage to the material.
(2) Fabrication shall follow sequences which will expedite assembly and erection and
minimise field handling of structure.
(3) Cutting shall be, by sawing, shearing, cropping or flame cutting.
(4) Holes in structural steel shall be drilled or punched. Holes shall be drilled or punched in
one operation ensuring that, the diameter of the holes is as required for the connection.
Flame cutting to enlarge holes shall not be made.
(5) Ends of tubular profile shall he sealed. Anchors, bolts, bearing plates, etc., shall be shop
fabricated and connected to the structure, if such connection does not interfere with the
transport and handling of the structure.
(6) Fastenings of hearing splices of compression members shall he done after the abutting
surfaces have been brought into full contact. Bearing surfaces and surfaces in permanent
contact shall he cleaned prior to assembly of members.
(7) Structural steel shall be shop primed immediately after fabrication where necessary.
Surfaces shall be cleaned and left free from loose scale, rust, mill, oil, water etc, before
priming.
13.6.5 Assembly and Erection
(1) Component assembly and erection shall he within the tolerances allowed in Section 7 of
BS 5950 Part 2.
(2) Adequate care shall be taken to ensure that components are not bent, twisted or otherwise
damaged.
(3) Cambers shall be provided as indicated on drawings. Holes liable to be distorted during
alignment shall be enlarged by reaming if approved.
ECPN 3 - 1996 61
(4) Bolted connections shall be drawn together. Steel packing shall be provided to close gaps
between adjacent surfaces.
(5) Washers shall he provided as directed and where slot holes are
(6) The levels of concrete or other structure on which structural steel is to be erected shall be
examined and set accurate and level before erection of steel structure. Anchors and
embedded connections shall he accurately set and grouted before mounting of structure.
(7) Concrete grout shall be in the Class of the bearing concrete or C-25 minimum, if not
specified. Grouted connections shall he firmly set in position, and fully cured to ensure
that no movement occurs beyond the allowed tolerance.
(8) Temporary scaffolding, bracing and shoring shall be provided with connections of
sufficient strength to hear imposed loads. Temporary guidelines shall he provided to
achieve proper alignment of the structure during erection.
(9) Temporary connections provided for erection shall be made in a manner not weakening
the permanent structure.
(10) Temporary connections and supports shall be removed only after permanent members are
in place and all connections made.
(11) Structural steelwork shall be securely connected to ensure that it can withstand all loading
liable to be encountered during erection.
(12) Permanent connection shall he made only after the structure has been satisfactorily
aligned, leveled and plumbed.
(13) All deficiencies in structural steelwork discovered before or after erection by observation,
testing or otherwise shall be corrected as directed and at the Contractor's expense.
(14) Protective and decorative treatment shall be made good to the standard of the original
treatment. Protective treatments shall he made good in accordance with the
recommendations of the manufacturer and as approved.
ECPN 3 - 1996 62
ECPN 3 - 1996 63
SECTION - 14
ROOFING AND WALL CLADD
14.1 DEFINITION
(1) Roofing and wall cladding shall be understood to mean fixing or installation of cladding to
steel, concrete, timber or other structural elements.
14.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Galvanized or pre coated steel, aluminum sheets, concrete, clay and fiber reinforced mortar
roofing tiles and accessories and labour and equipment required for the satisfactory execution
of the works shall be provided.
14.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall he complied with-
- ES CD7 001 Plain galvanized steel sheets

- ES CD7 026 Corrugated galvanized steel sheets
- ESGB4.120 Steel wire nails
- BS 4868 Profiled aluminum sheet for building
- BS 1470 Wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys sheet and strip
-BS 1494 Part 1 Fixing for sheet, roof and wall covering
- BS 402 Clay plain roofing tiles and fittings
-BS473 Concrete roofing tiles and fittings
- BS 1473 Wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys for general
engineering purpose
- BS 1200 Sand for plain and reinforced brickworks.
14.4 MATERIALS
14.4.1 General
(1) Prior to construction of cladding, the Contractor shall submit for approval, manufacturer's
test certificate, product data, method of fixing and type of sealants. Samples shall be
submitted if required.
(2) Cladding materials shall he stored at all times, under shed and shall he stacked on off
ground position and slightly tilted.
(3) Fixing materials shall be those recommended by the manufacturer of the cladding.
ECPN 3 - 1996 64
14.4.2 Galvanized Steel Sheets
14.4.2.1 Corrugated Galvanized Steel Sheets
(1) Corrugated galvanized steel sheets shall comply with the requirements of ESC D7.026.
(2) Corrugated galvanized steel sheets for permanent structures shall not be less than 0.315mm i
thickness.
(3) Coating for corrugated steel sheets shall be of approved standard.
14.4.2.2 Plain Galvanized Steel Sheets
(1) Plain galvanized steel sheets shall comply with the requirements of ESC D7.00 1. Plain
galvanized steel sheets for permanent structures shall not he less than 0.376mm in thickness.
14.4.3 Box Profile Sheets
(1) Box profile sheets shall be of approved standard for galvanization or coating, width and
pitch.
14.4.4 Aluminum Sheets
14.4.4.1 General
Sheets shall be free from defects and shall be finished as rolled or with special finish as indicated
on drawing.
14.4.4.2 Corrugated Aluminum Sheets
(1) Corrugated aluminum sheet roof cladding shall comply with the requirements of BS 4868.
(2) Cladding shall have uniform corrugation parallel with the sides of the sheets.
(3) Corrugated sheets shall have a minimum thickness of 0.376mm.
14.4.5 Clay roofing tiles
(1) Clay roofing tiles shall comply with the requirements of BS 402.
(2) Clay roofing tiles shall be manufactured from wet weathered kneaded clay.
(3) Roofing tiles shall be uniformly burnt throughout, free from fire marks, true in shape, dense
and tough. Tiles shall show clean fracture when broken. Tile sizes and pattern of laying shall
be as indicated on drawing.
(4) Tile fixing to timber structure shall be with nails and washers.
14.4.6 Concrete Roofing Tiles
(1) Concrete roofing tiles shall comply with the requirements of BS 473.
(2) Concrete roofing tiles shall be manufactured from cement sand mix, 1 part cement and 2.5
or 4 parts sand by volume as specified.
(3) No hand mix shall be allowed for concrete roofing tile production.
ECPN 3 - 1996 65
(4) Sand used for concrete roofing tiles production shall be free from organic contamination, silt
and clay and shall contain a mix grain sizes of fines 2 - 4mm.
(5) Tiles shall be stored in a room or under shed and placed on racks or shelves and cured for 7
days until they reach the required standard strength and impermeability. Under no
circumstances, shall tiles be placed on ground.
(6) Tiles shall be pre-pierced while on production for fastening to support.
(7) The pattern of laying shall be as indicated on drawing.
Tiles shall have a minimum thickness of 10mm.
14.4.7 Fiber Concrete Roofing Tiles (FCR)
(1) FCR shall be manufactured from a mixture of cement, sand and water with addition of
natural fibre.
(2) FCR shall have thickness ranging from 6 - 10mm.
(3) FCR tiles shall be cured for at least 2 weeks. They shall be used after 28 days from date of
production.
(4) FCR tiles shall he handled and transported carefully to minimize damage.
14.4.8 Accessories
14.4.8.1 General
(1) Accessories such as ridge caps, gutters, down pipes, flashing connection, etc. shall be
fabricated and formed in accordance with the details on drawing. Sheets shall be cut to the
maximum possible length to minimize joints.
(2) Where accessories are factory manufactured, the method of fabricating, shaping, etc. shall
comp with relevant approved manufacturing standards.
(3) Precast accessories shall match in colour with the cladding.
(4) Washers shall be rubber or bitumen coated fiber, homogeneous and free from porosity and
gill
14.4.8.2 Plain Galvanized Steel Sheet Accessories
(1) Plain galvanized steel sheet accessories shall comply with the requirement of ES.0 D7.001.
14.4.8.3 Pre coated Accessories
(1) Pre coated accessories shall comply with the requirements of the fixing material and methods
of the sheets manufacturer.
14.4.8.4 Aluminum Plain Sheet Accessories
(I) Aluminum plain sheet accessories shall comply with the requirements of BS 1470.
ECPN 3 - 1996 66
14.4.9 Fixing Accessories for Cladding
14.4.9.1 Nails
(1) Nails shall comply with the requirement of ESGB4 120.

(2) Nails shall be drawn from mild steel round wires and shall he chisel or diamond edge and
convex head. Unless the method of fixing is recommended by the manufacturer cladding
shall be fixed to timber structure with nails and washers.
14.4.9.2 Hooks, Bolts, Washers and Screws
(1) Cladding shall be fixed to steel structure with steel hooks, screws, bolts and nuts complying
with the requirements of B 1494, Part 1.
14.9.3 Hanger and Brackets for Accessories
(1) Hangers and brackets shall be formed from mild steel not less than 2mm thick and 15mm
wide.
(2) Hangers and brackets shall be fabricated in accordance with drawings and shall be pre
coated, galvanized or primed and painted.
4.5 EXECUTION
4.5.1 General
(1) Claddings shall be fully water tight and fixed to conform to the best standard of the trade.
(2) Cladding shall be fixed to resist fully up lifting and overturning and laid with sufficient
slope to ensure adequate drainage and to avoid ponding.
(3) Fixing holes shall be drilled on the crown. Holes shall be 5mm larger in diameter than the
diameter of bolts and hooks and located not less than 40mm from edges of sheets.
(4) The holes for clay tiles shall be pre-pierced.
(5) No person other than workmen fixing cladding shall have access to areas while cladding
work is in progress.
(6) Walkways shall be provided during clay, concrete and fiber reinforced concrete roofing
tiles construction. Notice not to step on tile shall be posted in prominent positions on the
walkways and at access points on roof.
(7) Sufficient overhang shall be provided as weather protection for walls susceptible to
dampness penetration.
(8) Cladding shall be laid with laps following wind direction. 14.5.3 Laying and Fixing
(1) Roofing sheet shall be laid in accordance with the manufacturers instruction with end laps
not less than 150mm and ride laps not less than one and half corrugation.
(2) Vertical claddings shall be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction with end
laps not less 100mm and side laps not less than one corrugation.
(3) Clay, cement and fiber reinforced roofing tiles shall be laid in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
(4) Gutters shall be laid to slopes as indicated on drawings. Where slopes are not indicated,
they shall not he less than 5mm per meter length.
ECPN 3 - 1996 67
(5) Gutters and down pipes shall have a minimum overlap of 150mm at joints. Joints shall be
welded/soldered.
(6) The area around joints and returns of gutters shall be treated in these coating as gutters.
(7) Brackets and straps shall he placed as indicated on drawings or at maximum 1000mm
centers and at all changes of angles, directions and at ends.
14.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) Claddings shall be classified based on material, thickness, shape and purpose.
(2) Accessories shall be classified based on material, thickness, shape and function
ECPN 3 - 1996 68
SECTION - 15
METALWORK
15.1 DEFINITION
Metalwork is the supply, fabrication and installation of miscellaneous metal components

including fasteners, anchors, for works not specifically called for in other sections of this
Specification.
15.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) The supply of the metal components, in fabricated, assembled or knock down form, ties, nuts,
bolts, fasteners, anchors and the like and the treating of the surface either by galvanization or
painting to protect surface from rust, and the installation of the same at work place shall he
understood as included.
15.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following or the latest version of product and fabrication and fixing standards shall be
complied with:
BS970, Part I, 1983 wrought steel for mechanical and allied engineering Part 5, 1972 Part
6, 1973
- BS 1449, Part 1 and 2, 1983 Steel plates, sheets and strip
-BS2989, 1982 Continuously hot-dip zinc coated and iron-zinc alloy coated steel,
wide strip sheet/plate
- BS4232, 1967 Specification for surface finish of blast cleaned steel for painting
BS4360, 1986 Specification for weld able structural steel
-BS6180, 1982 Code of Practice for protective barriers in and about

buildings
-BS729,1986 Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel
articles
-BS4592, Part 1 and 2, 1987 Industrial type metal flooring, walkways and stair treads
- BS6363, 1983 Specification for welded cold formed steel structural hollow
section
- BS639, 1986 Specification for covered carbon and carbon manganese
-BS4190, 1967 Specification for ISO metric black hexagonal, bolts, screws
and nuts
ECPN 3 - 1996 69
-BS3643, Part 1 and 2, 1981 ISO metric screw threads.
BS4620 Specification for rivets for general engineering purposes.
BS1224, 1970 Specification for electroplated coating of nickel and chromium.
 Other Standards Any other standards stated in other sections of this specification
and considered applicable to this section.
15.4 MATERIALS
15.4.1 Products
Materials for metalwork shall be hot or cold rolled steel, plates, bars, hollow sections in:
- Stainless steel
- Black steel to be primed at fabrication and synthetic enamel painted as specified in the
painting section of this specification.
- Pre coated steel profiles, the coating of which meets or exceeds the relevant manufacture
standards.
- Zinc or aluminum coated steel complying with the requirements of the Standards cited
above. - Chromium or other electroplated steel meeting the requirements of the above cited
Standards.
- Bolts, nuts and rivets either black or coated, meeting the cited Standards.
15.4.2 Fabrication
15.4.2.1 Product Data
(1) Manufacturers' specification and other data required to demonstrate compliance of all
components to the standards, drawings and specifications shall be submitted for approval
prior to placement of order for materials.
15.4.2.2 Shop Drawings
(1) Shop drawings of all items proposed for fabrication and installation including the method of
fixing shall be submitted for approval prior to commencement of fabrication.
15.4.2.3 Production
(1) The types, sizes and thicknesses of materials shall be those shown on drawings, or required
sizes to produce strength and durability in the finished product. All fabrication shall adhere
to the dimensions shown or approved shop drawings.
(2) Metalwork shall be fabricated true to line and level with accurate angles, bends and straight
sharp edges eased off.
- Metal corners shall, unless specified, be bent to small radius without causing grain
separation or impairing appearance.
- Seams and corners shall be welded continuously. Exposed connections shall he grinded
smooth and flush to match and blend with adjoining surfaces.
ECPN 3 - 1996 70
- Exposed connections where welding is not used shall, unless instructed or shown on
drawings, be hairline joints and concealed fasteners wherever possible. Anchorage and
fastener, roller and guide track fabrication shall be coordinated with supporting
structure and fabricated to he spaced and anchored or fastened to provide adequate
support
- Cutting, drilling, tapping and reinforcing of metalwork for joining various components
or to receive hardware or other elements shall he done at the place of fabrication.
- Metal doors and windows shall always be fabricated or supplied from one source as far
as possible. Hollow metal units of doors and windows shall be reinforced as required to
receive surface hardware.
- Doors and windows shall be produced to fit tight and weather proof. Drip noses shall be
provided on doors and windows, to ensure that all rain drip collections are drained
away from the interior of the installation.
- Fire and sound rated doors and windows shall be fabricated to meet the specific design
or referred codes and standards.
15.4.2.4 Assembly
(1) Metalwork shall in as far as is practicable, be assembled and fitted at the place of fabrication.
Hardware shall be trial assembled before leaving place of fabrication. Assembly of metalwork
other than those impractical to assemble at place of fabrication, require approval for assembly
on site. When on site assembly is inevitable, the various components shall be accurately and
sequentially marked for identification prior to leaving the place of fabrication.
15.4.2.5 Priming and Painting
(1) Priming and painting of metal works at place of fabrication shall comply with the
requirements of the "Painting' section of this Specification.
15.4.2.6 Hardware
(1) The fixing of hardware other than those to he produced with the metalwork covered under this
section shall comply with the requirements of the "Hardware" section of this specification.
15.5 ERECTION
15.5.1 The location where metalwork is to be fixed shall be inspected to ensure that satisfactory
preparation are made and necessary conditions fulfilled for the fixing of metalwork.
15.5.2 Metalwork shall be fixed in accordance with fabricators' instructions and approved shop
drawings. Concrete and masonry inserts shall be installed prior to placing of concrete and
welded or tied to reinforcement as instructed. Block outs shall be left in concrete or
masonry and grouted after installation of metalwork fasteners, if specified or shown on
drawings. The metalwork shall be placed accurately in position, aligned, plumbed and
leveled and temporarily braced securely until permanent fasteners are set in position or
embedding concrete sets.
15.5.3 Finishing
(1) The cutting, drilling, fitting and grinding of joints at site shall comply with the standards of
workmanship as specified in the "Fabrication" section of the specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 71
(2) Painting of metalwork on site shall comply with the requirements of the "Painting" section
of this specifications.
15.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) The item of work covered under Metalwork are classified as follows:-
15.6.1 Staircase and other protection guard rails in metal or composite construction.
15.6.2 Metalwork for the protection of corners and edges
15.6.3 Ladders and steps
15.6.4 Grilled and plate cover to pits, channels, etc
15.6.5 Guard rails where not included in doors and windows
15.6.6 Metal and composite partitions
15.6.7 Mud guards
15.6.8 Rolling and collapsible door and window shutters
15.6.9 Door, window and security grills
15.6.10 Metal ceilings, hangers and composite construction of ceilings
15.6.11 Drapery track
15.6.12 Access flooring, cat walks and the like where not considered as structural
steelwork elements
15.6.13 Steel pole
15.6.14 Supports and bracings for counters, shelves and other joinery work, wall and
finishing work
15,6.15 Metal doors other than aluminum specifying opening types
15.6.16 Metal windows other than aluminum specifying opening types
15.6.17 Fly screen to metal doors and windows
ECPN 3 - 1996 72
ECPN 3 - 1996 73
SECTION16
ALUMINUM, DOORS AND WINDOWS
16.1 DEFINITION
(1) This section covers, the supply and installation of aluminum doors and windows and security
grills.
16.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) All aluminum profiles, weather strips, beads and if called for, hardware shall he provided for
a complete and satisfactory installation of the works.
16,3 STANDARDS
(1) The following product standards shall be complied with:
BS5285, 1978 Specification for aluminum framed sliding doors

BS3987, 1974 Specification for anodic oxide coating on wrought aluminum for
external architectural applications
BS4842, 1984 Specification for liquid organic coatings for application to aluminum
alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections for external
architectural use.
16.4 MATERIALS
16.4.1 Products
(1) Products used for works in this section shall be those produced by manufacturers regularly
engaged in the manufacture of the component materials only and with records of
successful production.
(2) All products shall comply with the standards referred to above for materials and coating.
(3) In addition to the requirement of the standard
- Basic frames shall be in extruded aluminum alloys.

- Tracks for sliding doors shall be roll formed stainless steel.
- Weather stripping shall he silicone treated woven polypropylene pile.
- Glazing channels and heads shall be those recommended by the manufacturer.
16.4.2 Fabrication
16.4.2.1 Fabrication of aluminum works shall be done only by shops regularly engaged in the
trade and with satisfactory records of good workmanship.
16.4.2.2 Complete material list together with the manufacturer's specification to demonstrate
compliance with the required standards shall he submitted prior to placement of
order.
16.4.2.3 Shop Drawings and Installation Procedure
ECPN 3 - 1996 74
(1) Shop drawings of all items to be fabricated including profile, fabrication and installation
details shall be submitted for approval prior to placement of order of materials. These
details, when approved, shall become the basis for inspection and approval of the works.
16.4.2.4 Assembly
16.4.2.4.1 The sizes, thicknesses and colours of materials shall be those shown on the shop
drawings and approved manufacturer's recommendations.
16.4.2.4.2 Products shall be fabricated to dimensions shown on drawings with accurate angles,
bends and straight sharp edges eased off. Members shall be mitred and fitted to
hairline joints. Fastening and welding shall be done along line of contact on the
unexposed side. Care shall he taken to ensure that no discoloration occurs on the
anodization.
16.4.2.4.3 Aluminum shall be assembled only at the place of fabrication or by craftsmen of

reputed experience in assembly, if on site assembly is approved. All drilling, tapping
and trial fitting of hardware shall be made at the place of fabrication whether
products are shop or site assembled. Components shall be accurately and sequentially
marked for identification prior to leaving the place of fabrication, whether assembled
at shop or are for site assembly.
16.5 INSTALLATION
16.5.1 Only workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the installation of
aluminum doors and windows shall be engaged for the execution of the work.
16.5.2 The lead craftsman for the installation of aluminum works shall visit the site, inspect
all openings to ensure that the dimensions of opening and their stage of finishing
fully comply with the requirements of the fabricators guide lines and the conditions
of work and storage requirement before installation.
16.5.3 All areas of discrepancy are to be rectified prior to the start of installation.
16.5.4 All aluminum works shall be installed with adequate provision for setting, thermal
movement to occur without damaging glass and causing the displacement of weather
stripping.
16.5.5 Aluminum works shall be protected, during transport and installation with temporary
coating material.
16.5.6 Aluminum works in contact with materials potentially creating electrolytic action
shall be provided with permanent isolation or protected by bituminous paint as
approved.
16.5.7 All finished work shall be cleaned and protected from damage until inspection for
acceptance.
16.5.8 The installation of hardware to aluminum doors and windows shall comply with the
requirement of the "Hardware Section" of this Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 75
ECPN 3 - 1996 76
SECTION - 17
FINISH HARDWARE
17.1 Finish hardware is the supply and installation of hardware including locks (other than rough
hardware dealt with in the Metalworks section of this specification), for a complete,
satisfactory installation to joinery and metalwork.
17.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) The furnishing of all finish hardware required to complete the works in accordance with the
drawings, schedules and bill of quantities including the provision of trim attachments, and
fastening as specified or required for a successful installation, shall be understood as included
17.3 STANDARDS
(1) The schedules of hardware included on drawings, bills of quantities or other sections of the
contract document are intended to form the minimum standards called for the works. The
reference to manufacturers is intended for this purpose only. The standards set in the schedules
shall be the minimum acceptable for approval. Products to be delivered by the Contractor at
least meet the referred manufacturer's standards.
17.4 MATERIALS
17.4.1 Products
(1) Products used for works in this section shall be those produced by manufacturers regularly
engaged in the manufacture of hardware and with records of successful production.
(2) References to specific proprietary products are used only to establish minimum standards of
utility and quality. The Contractor is at liberty to supply other products meeting or exceeding
the standards unless the schedule of hardware or other sections of the contract document
prohibit this. The determination, of whether the substitute product is equal or not, shall be the
sole judgment of the person authorized to approve work and products.
17.4.2 .Submitta1 of Product Data
(1) Manufacture's specification, catalogues and other data required to demonstrate compliance of
hardware and components to the standards set in the schedule shall be submitted for
approval prior to placement order. In addition to this, the schedule to be submitted for
approval shall incorporate the following:
- Each hardware item shall be identified by manufacturer, manufacturer's catalogue

number, the location of the item in the works and the number of keys (if any).
- Manufacturers' catalogue to demonstrate methods of fixing.
- Details, templates, and physical samples to demonstrate that they neatly interface with
the work on which they are to be installed.
ECPN 3 - 1996 77
17.4.3 Samples
(I) If samples are required to be submitted such samples shall he submitted for inspection and or
approval within the time limit set at the time of request of the samples. Such samples, when
submitted, shall indicate that, they interfaces with the joinery or metalwork item they are to
be installed on.
17.4.4 Packing and Marking
(1) Individual units of hardware shall, before delivery to site, be packed separately by complete
with fastenings and appurtenances clearly marked on the outside to indicate contents. The
marking shall he either by name or number cross referenced to the schedule showing the item
of work on which it is to be installed.
17.4.5 Protection and Replacement
(1)Precaution shall be taken to protect hardware in transit, at the site and during installation. All
require or replacements as are necessary, when instructed, shall be made to approval at no
additional cost to the Employer.
17.4.6 Fasteners
(1) Screws, bolts and other fasteners of suitable size and type to anchor the hardware for long
life shall be provided. Fastenings, where necessary, shall be expansion shields, toggle bolts,
sex bolts or other approved anchors, recommended by the manufacturer and harmonizing
with the hardware as to material and surface finish.
17.4.7 Finish of Hardware
(1) Finish of hardware shall be such that all components exposed to view shall have matching
finish even if supplied by different manufacturers.
17.5 INSTALLATION
(1) Only workmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the installation of hardware
and fixing of joinery and metalwork on which the hardware is to be fixed shall be employed
for hardware installation.
17.5.2 Fitting Hardware
(1) Hardware shall be neatly and accurately fitted to joinery and metalwork. The finished
hardware shall be inspected for accuracy of installation and optimum working conditions.
17.5.3 Key System
(1) The works shall after completion he inspected and verified for the correctness of the master
or other key system in accordance with the Schedule. The keys, with the number for each,
indicated by the manufacturer, shall be issued to the Employer after such verification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 78
ECPN 3 - 1996 79
SECTION - 18
PLASTERING
18.1 DEFINITION
(1) Plaster is the coating to surface of walls and soffits in homogeneous mix of cement, lime or
gypsum with sand and water and application to the surface while in its plastic state.
18.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Cement, sand, lime, gypsum and other materials specified herein, labour and equipment as
required for satisfactory execution of the works shall be provided.
18.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standard shall be complied with:

-ESC D5 201 General requirement, Portland cement, ESI
- ESCDS 003 Hydrated lime, ESI
- BS 890 Quick lime BS
-BS 1191 Class A Gypsum for plaster of Paris
-BS 1198 Sand for internal plastering with gypsum, BS
-BS 1199 Sand for external rendering and internal plastering with lime
and Portland cement, BS
-BS 1369 Metal lathing for plastering, BS
18.4 MATERIALS
18.4.1 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
I 18.4.2 Sand...
(1) Sand for internal plastering with gypsum shall comply with the requirements of BS 1198.
(2) Sand for external rendering and internal plastering with lime and Portland cement shall
comply with the requirements of BS 1199.
18.4.3 Lime
(1) Hydrated lime shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework" section of this
Specification.
18.4.4 Gypsum
(1) Gypsum shall comply with the requirements of BS 1191, Class A.
ECPN 3 - 1996 80
18.4.5 Metal Lath for Plastering
(1) Metal lath for plastering shall comply with the requirements of BS 1369. Plaster lath shall be
galvanized steel, or if mild steel shall be protected with one coat of anti rust primer.
18.4.6 Water
(1) Water shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
18.4.7 Mortar
(1) Mixing process for mortar shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework" section of
this Specification.
(2) Preparation of mortar for plastering shall be as follows:
(i) Compo-mortar undercoat
1 part cement to 2.5 parts sand by volume
(ii) Second coat
1 part cement to 1 part lime and 6 parts sand by volume
(iii) Cement mortar undercoat
1 part cement to 25 parts and by volume
(iv) Cement mortar second coat
1 part cement to 4 parts sand by volume

(v) Gypsum plaster undercoat
I part cement to 2.5 parts sand by volume
(vi) Gypsum plaster second coat
1 part cement to 1 part gypsum and 6 parts sand by volume
(vii) Fine coat lime plaster
1 part lime to 2 parts of fine sand by volume
(viii) Fine coat cement plaster
1 part cement to 2 parts of fine sand by volume
(ix) Fine Coat Gypsum Plaster
I part gypsum to 3 parts of lime slurry by volume
(x) Render Coat
1 part cement to 2 parts lime and S parts of fine sand by volume
(xi) Floating
I part cement to 2 parts of fine sand by volume
18.5 EXECUTION
(1) Surface to receive plaster shall be thoroughly cleaned and wetted before application.
(2) Concrete surface shall be hammered to form key Chases shall be formed before services
are installed and made good thereafter prior to plastering.
(3) Prior to plastering, joints of stone, brick and concrete blocks shall be raked, to form key.
Where making good with plastering is required, the surface shall be cut out to a
rectangular shape with the edges forming dovetail key.
ECPN 3 - 1996 81
(4) Cracks, blisters and other defects shall be cut out and made good. Where required,
dubbing shall be made with the same material as the under coat application.
18.5.2 Application and Curing of Plaster
(1) Where joints between different materials are tied in hoop iron, the plastering may be carried
over the joints.
(2) Plaster shall be applied as follows:
(i) Undercoat
The undercoat shall have maximum thickness of 5mm and shall be trowelled, spread or
machine sprayed, struck off level and left to cure for 24 hours.
(ii) Second coat
(a) Plumb line for the second coat shall be established on wetted undercoat.
(b) The second coat shall have a maximum thickness of 12mm applied by trowel and left to
cure.
(iii) Final coat
(a) Final coat shall be applied by trowel or machine sprayed, finished level and smooth to a
maximum thickness of 3mm and left to cure.
(3) The successive coats in turn shall he wetted and the undercoat left to cure for 24 hours,
second coat for 21 days and final coat for 25 days before further finish is applied. Where
final coat is cement plaster, this coat shall be applied within 24 hrs of the second coat.
18.6 CLASSIFICATION
18.6.1 Two Coats of Plaster
18.6.1.1 Compo mortar
(1) Brick walls

(2) Hollow concrete walls
(3) Stone masonry walls
(4) Concrete vertical surfaces
(5) Concrete soffits
18.61.2 Cement Mortar
1) Brick walls
2) Hollow concrete walls
3) Stone walls
4) Concrete vertical surface
5) Concrete soffits
18.61.3 Final Coat
(1) Fine coat lime plaster

(i) Brick walls
(ii) Hollow concrete walls
(iii) Stone walls
(iv) Concrete vertical surface
ECPN 3 - 1996 82
(v) Concrete soffits

(2) Fine coat gypsum plaster
(vi) Brick walls
(vii) Hollow concrete walls
(viii) Stone walls
(ix) Concrete vertical surface
(x) Concrete soffits
(3) Fine coat cement plaster
(i) Brick walls
(iii) Stone walls
(v) Concrete soffit
(4) Final render' coat
(i) Brick walls
(ii) Hollow concrete walls Stone walls
(v) Concrete soffit
(5) Final coloured render coat
(i) Brick walls
(iii) Stone walls
(v) Concrete soffit
(6) Float Finish
(i) Concrete vertical surface
(ii) Concrete soffit
ECPN 3 - 1996 83
SECTION - 19
POINTING
19.1 DEFINITION
(1) Pointing is the application of homogeneous mix of cement, sand and water to joints of walls
and floors while in its plastic state.
19.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Cement, sand and other materials specified herein, labour and equipment as required for
satisfactory execution of the works shall be provided.
19.3 STANDARDS

- ESC D5 201 General requirement, Portland cement, ESI
- BS 1199 Sand for external rendering and internal plastering, BS
19.4 MATERIALS
19.4.1 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of the Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
19.4.2 Sand
(1) Sand shall comply with the requirements of BS 1199.
19.4.3 Water
(1) Water shall comply with the requirement of the “Cast in place concrete” of this Specification.
19.4.4 Mortar
(1) Mixing process for mortar shall comply with the requirements of the “Stone Work” section of
this specification.
(2) Preparation of mortar for pointing shall he 1 part cement to 2 parts of fine sand by volume.
19.5 EXECUTION
(1) Surface to receive pointing shall he thoroughly cleaned and wetted beibre surface application.
(2) Prior to application joints of stone, brick and concrete blocks shall be raked out to a minimum
depth of 5mm. Raked out joints shall be flush or recess pointed with stuck weathered
horizontal joints and square vertical joints.
(3) Pointed surfaces shall be cement dusted or cement paste applied to form a final even and
smooth surface, wetted for seven days and left to cure for 28 days.
ECPN 3 - 1996 84
19.6 CLASSIFICATION
19.6.1 Recessed Pointing
(1) Brick wall

(2) Hollow concrete block wall
(3) Rough dressed stone wall
(4) Dressed stone wall
19.6.2 Flush Pointing
(1) Brick wall

(2) Hollow concrete block wall
(3)Rough dressed stone wall
(4)Dressed stone wall
ECPN 3 - 1996 85
SECTION 20
WALL AND FLOOR FINISH
20.1 DEFINITION
Pointing is the application of homogeneous mix of cement, sand and water to joints of walls and
floors while in its plastic state.
20.2 WORK INCLUDED
Provide Cement, sand and other materials specified herein, labour and equipment as required for
satisfactory execution of the works shall be provided.
20.3 STANDARDS
(1)The following standard shall be Comply with:

ES C 05 201 General requirement, Portland Cement, ES!
ES C D5 003 Hydrated lime, ES-1.
BS 1198 Sand for internal plastering with gypsum plasters.
BS 1199 Sand for external rendering, internal plastering
with lime and Portland cement and floor screeds.
ASTM C94 Mixing water for concretes.
DES C.D3. 303 Terrazzo tiles, general requirement, ESI.
DES C.D3. 302 Cement flooring tilling, general requirement, ESI.
DES C.D4. 052 Glazed ceramic tiles, general requirements, ES].
20.4 MATERIALS
20.4.1 Cement
(1) Cement shall comply with the requirements of the Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
20.4.2 Sand
(1) Sand for internal plaster and for external render shall comply with the requirements of BS
1199.
20.4.3 Lime
(1) Hydrated and quick lime shall comply with the requirements of the "Stonework" section of
this specification.
20.4.4 Water
(1) Water shall comply with requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section of this
Specification.
20.4.5 Mortar
(1) Mixing of mortar shall comply with the requirements of section "Stonework" section of this
Specification.
ECPN 3 - 1996 86
(2) Preparation of mortar cement slurry shall be 1 part cement to 1 part of fine sand by volume.
(3) Preparation of mortar bedding and joints of wall and floor tiles shall be 1 part cement to 2
parts of fine sand by volume for ceramic, gres and marble tiles and slabs and I part cement to
3 parts fine sand for precast cement, terrazzo, stone, concrete tiles and slabs.
20.4.6 Adhesive
(1) Adhesive for ceramic and mosaic tiling shall comply with the requirements of BS 5980.
(2) Adhesive for PVC tilling shall comply with the requirements of BS 5442.
(3) Adhesive for ceramic, gres and marble tiles shall comply with the requirement of the
adhesive manufacturer.
20.4.7 Terrazzo /Granolithic Tiles

(1) Terrazzo/granolithic tiles and skirting shall comply with the requirements of ES CD3 303,
1988.
(2) Tiles shall have a minimum of 5mm thick grading of chips and a minimum mix ratio of 2
parts marble or granite/basalt chippings and 1 part cement.
20.4.8 Precast concrete tiles
(1) Precast concrete tiles and skirting shall comply with the requirements of DES CD3 302.
(2) Precast concrete tiles shall be produced from cement and natural occurring or crushed
aggregate and sand mix finished square and straight edged and shall have a minimum
thickness of 20mm.
20.4.9 Non-slip Concrete Tiles
(1) Non-slip concrete tiles shall comply with the requirements of the "Precast concrete" section
of this specification and shall have sufficient resistance to slip.
20.4.10 Colour Pigments for Precast Concrete Tiles
(1) Colour pigments for precast concrete tiles shall comply with the requirements of BS 1014,
and shall be uniform throughout the core surface of the tiles.
20.4.11 Marble Elements
(1) Elements shall conform with quality, colour, texture and source, as indicated on drawing or
schedule and shall be straight edged, smooth surfaced and supplied in specified size and
thickness.
(2)Coping and ciii shall be weathered and throated.
20.4.12 Marble Chip Flooring
(1) Marble chip flooring shall comply with the requirements of the ' Marble Elements' section of
this Specification for quality of marble.
(2) The grading and pattern of laying of chips shall be subject to approval but may be irregular
in shape and size.
20.4.13 PVC Tiles

(1) PVC tiles and skirting shall comply with the requirements of BS 3260.
ECPN 3 - 1996 87
(2) Tiles shall have a minimum thickness of 1.6mm for residential use, 2mm for commercial use
and 3mm thick for industrial use.
(3) PVC tiles shall have smooth surface, straight grain, manufactured from vinyl resin asbestos
fiber fillers and plasticizer resisting a maximum subfloor temperature of 27 degrees
Centigrade.
20.4.14 Ceramic Tiles
(1) Ceramic tiles and skirting shall comply with the requirements of DES C 94 052.
(2) Tiles shall be glazed, of specified quality and colour, texture and size. Tiles shall be not less
than 6mm thick for walls and 8mm thick for floors.
(3) The edges of tiles shall be rounded for walls and straight for floors.
204.15 Mosaic Tiles
(1) Mosaic tiles shall be of approved quality and obtained from reputed manufacturers.
(2) Mosaic tiles shall be glazed of specified quality, colour and size.
20.4,16 Concrete Paving
(1) Concrete paving shall comply with the requirements of the "Cast in place concrete" section
of this Specification.
20.4.17 Stone Paving
(1) Stone for paving shall he from an approved source, cut and shaped to the specified pattern,
size and thickness.
20.5 EXECUTION
(1) Surface to receive cement based tile backing or screed shall be thoroughly cleaned and
wetted before application. Where adhesives are used the surface shall be kept clean and dry.
(2) Concrete surface shall be rubbed with cement slurry before mortar or screed application.
(3) Chases to services shall be cut out and made good prior to application of finish.
(4) Where making good on sub-floor and on finished surface is required, the surface shall be cut
out to a rectangular shape with edges forming dovetailed key. Cracks, blisters and other
defects shall be cut out and made good.
(5) Where cutting of tiles for fitting is required the cutting shall be done from full size tiles.
(6) No undersized tile replacement shall be allowed except where such cut size are of the same
size and pattern as the un-removed tiles.
(7) Surface to he tiled shall be true edged, clean and free from laitence, salt, grease, dust and
any contamination which may prevent adhesion.
20.5.2 Application and Curing of Finish
20.5.2.1 General
(1) Prior to placing mortar bed, cement slurry bonding coat shall be applied to the subsurface.
The mortar setting coat shall be immediately applied to the surface.
(2) Prior to placing tile, glue shall be spread onto surface using trowel to a depth not exceeding
ECPN 3 - 1996 88
3mm thick. Comb the adhesive with notched edge of the trowel ensuring that continuous
horizontal ribs of adhesive are formed.
20.5.2.2 Concrete, Terrazzo, Marble, Ceramic and Mosaic Wall and Floor Tiles
(1) Tiles and slabs shall be thoroughly soaked in water for a minimum of 15 minutes before
laying/fixing and shall be taken out before use.
(2) Tiles and slab shall be laid over screed/backing with continuous joints. Joints shall be
grouted with setting coat mortar or white cement. The method of fixing shall be as detailed
on drawing.
(3) Where glue is used for fixing, dry tiles shall be pressed firmly in position on the glue with
slight sliding or twisting action.
(4) Tiles shall be accurately cut to fit, doors, wall ends, openings and projections, and finished
true and level or to falls as shown on drawing.
(5) Where tiles and slabs are delivered unpolished, it shall be topped with cement sand mortar
mix to a minimum thickness of 5mm and left undisturbed for 24 hrs.
(6) Prior to polishing the surface shall be left to cure for a minimum of 21 days.
(7) The topping shall be machine ground with carborundum stone to clean and expose the tile
and shall be cleaned of dust and polished.
(8) Polishing shall be either ordinary or mirror polish as specified.
20.5.2.3 Marble Chip Flooring
(I) Marble chip flooring shall comply with the requirements of "Marble Tile Flooring" of this
Specification.
20.5.2.4 Cement Screed Floor Finish and PVC Backing
(1) Screed flooring shall be sprayed over the cement bonding slurry.
(2) A maximum of 10mm thick finishing coat shall he evenly spread over the mortar bed and
dusted with cement powder and trowelled to an even and level surface.
(3) Surface shall be finished smooth with wood float.
(4) Dividers between screed panels shall he accurately placed before the spreading of the under
coat.
(5) Where dividers are temporary, they shall he removed while the screed is wet and the gap
filled with bitumen and fine sand mix to the top of under coat and finished pointed with
cement and sand mortar mix or left open.
Dividers shall be placed at a maximum spacing of 3 meters in both directions.
20.5.2.5 PVC Tiles and Skirting’s
(1) tiles and skirtings shall be laid on smooth finished, cured and dry floor screed with
approved glue in accordance with the tile manufacturer's instructions.
(2) PVC tiles and skirtings shall he dusted and polished to remove excess glue and other stains.
(3) PVC tiles shall he protected with sawdust or other approved floor covering during painting.
(4) PVC tiles shall not be laid before two coats of paint are applied to walls and ceiling
surfaces.
ECPN 3 - 1996 89
20.5.2.6 Dividing Strips for Floors
(1) Where floors are divided by strips of metal, rubber or plastic dividers, such dividers shall be
accurately laid on the underlayment and before floor tiles are laid. Dividing strips shall he
finished even and level with finished floor.
20.5.2.7 Copings, Gills, Treads, Riser and Strings
(1) Copings, cills, treads, risers and strings produced from marble, terrazzo and concrete shall
comply with the requirements of the relevant material in this Specification.
(2) Copings and cills shall be threaded and weathered.
(3) Copings cills, treads and risers produced from concrete shall comply with the requirements
of the "Cast in place and "Precast Concrete" sections of this specification.
(4) Copings, cills, treads and risers produced from stone shall comply with the requirements
of the "Stonework" section of this Specification.
20.5.2.8 Concrete Paving
(1) Concrete for paving shall comply with the requirement of the "Cast in place concrete" and
"Precast concrete" sections of this Specification.
(2) Paving shall be laid as detailed on drawing or schedule and built to specified thickness.
(3) Panels shall not exceed one meter square in area and shall be finished pointed, sand filled,
open jointed or with dividing strips as detailed on drawings or shown in schedules.
20.5.2.9 Stone Paving
(1) Stone for paving shall be of specified type and size.

(2) Paving shall be as detailed on drawing or shown in schedules.
20.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) Floor finish shall be identified for material, size and backing.
(2) Screed thickness shall be specified where screed is used as floor finish or backing material.
(3) Wall finish shall be identified for materials and backing.
(4) Coppings, cills, treads, risers and strings shall be identified for material, size and backing.
(5) Pavings shall be identified for material, size and backing.
ECPN 3 - 1996 90
ECPN 3 - 1996 91
SECTION - 21
PAINTING
21.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) The preparation of surfaces to receive paints, priming and cleaning at work completion shall be
understood as included in painting. Primers, paints, glues, sprayers, rollers, brush and other
necessary tools and labor shall be provided for complete and satisfactory painting works.
21.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall be complied with:-
BS 2015:1965 Glossary of Paint terms

BS 3357 Glue sizing for decorators use
BS 2521 & 2523, 1966 Lead based priming paints
BS 4652: 1971 Metallic zinc-rich priming paint (organic media)
BS 4756: 1971 Ready mixed aluminimum paints for wood works
BS 4764:1971 Powder cement paints
BS 5082:1974 Water-thinned priming paints for wood
BS 5358:1976 Low-lead solvent-thinned priming paint for wood work
BS 3416:1975 Blade bitumen coating solution
BS 245:1976 Mineral solvent for paints and other purposes
BS 217:1961 Red lead for paints and jointing compounds
BS 3761:1970 Non-flammable solvent based paint remover
PAS 32: 1980A Paint system comprising an under coat and gloss
system
21.4 MATERIALS
21.4.1 Product Data
(1) The following produce data shall be submitted for approval within a reasonable time, but in
any case, prior to placement of order in order ascertain compliance to the standards specified
herein above:
- Manufacturer's name for paints including brand name and intended use.
- Manufacturer's specification on paints and proposed method of application.
- Manufacturer's catalogues showing colour shade.
- Manufacturer's recommended thinners, dryers and removers and their method of use.
21.4.2 Paint Materials
21.4.2.1 General
(1) Unless otherwise provided, the best quality grade of the various types of coatings as
regularly manufactured by the approved paint materials manufacturer shall be used.
Materials not displaying the manufacturer's identifications required to comply with the
product data requirement above shall not be accepted.
ECPN 3 - 1996 92
(2) Paints shall be durable and washable quality. Paints that do not withstand cleaning and
washing to remove ink, pencil mark, grease and other ordinary soil without showing
discoloration, loss of gloss, 8tain or other damage, shall not be used.
21.4.2.2 Colour and Glosses
(1) The colour of paints shall be selected and approved. The judgment of the person authorized
to approve shall be taken as final to determine the correctness and consistence of the colour
and the gloss obtained from the used paint.
21.4.2.3 Thinners and Removers
(1) Only thinners complying with the requirement of the standards specified herein and
recommended by the paints manufacturer shall be used.
21.4.2.4 Undercoats
(1) Undercoats shall at all times, be supplied by the manufacturer of the finishing coat.
21.4.2.5 Glue
(1) Glue for sizing of surfaces to receive paints shall comply with the requirements of the
standards in this section and as recommended by the paints manufacturer for the surface to
be sized.
21.4.2.6 Paint Coating
(1) Primers, undercoat and finishing coats for water and oil based mat and gloss finish shall
comply with the specification above and the approved paint schedule and applied as
specified in the "Paint application" section of this Specification.
21.4.2,7 Product Handling
(1) Delivery
(i) All paints, thinner and removers shall he delivered to the site in their original, new and
unopened containers bearing the manufacturer's label showing the following minimum
information:
- Manufacturer's name and brand of material - Colour shade
- Manufacturer's stock numbers and expiry date - Contents by-volume
- Thinning and application instructions
(ii) Paints, thinners, removers and the like shall be stored on off the ground platform in an
enclosed space secured from fire risks. Containers shall he stocked in a manner to prevent
damage to containers and deterioration of materials. Containers shall remain sealed until
used. Opened containers shall be closed tight after each use to ensure sealed conditions until
all paint has been used.
ECPN 3 - 1996 93
21.5 PREPARATION FOR PAINT APPLICATION
21.5.1 Application Equipment and Tools
1) All application brushes, sprayers, rollers and other equipment and tools shall be only those
recommended by the paints manufacturer or complying with their recommendation.
Application equipment and tools shall be iii satisfactory working condition, such
requirement being subject to approval.
2) Inspection of surfaces to receive paints, shall be thoroughly carried out to verify that all
works I other trades are satisfactorily carried out to completion to enable painting work to
start. No painting shall be carried on unfinished surfaces.
21.5.2 Surface Inspection
21.5.3.1 General
1) All removable items like ironmongery not intended to receive paints shall be removed before
preparation for painting and reinstalled at completion
2) Surfaces to receive paints shall he clean of dirt, oil, and loose material and shall he washed
and ied prior to application of paint.
(3) Painting shall be carried out at temperatures, humidity and weather conditions that shall not
have adverse effect on the paint.
(4) In addition to the above general requirements, painting on particular material shall comply
with the' preparation requirements specified hereunder:
(1) Mortar droppings and nips shall be removed and defects made good. Efflorescence shall be
brushed off as it appears and all painting deferred until efflorescence stops. The application
of paints shall be delayed until surfaces are thoroughly dry.
(1) Surfaces shall be washed down, where directed, with warm water and detergents and allowed
to dry. The quantity of water shall he kept to the minimum to ensure that wetting is on the
surface only. Minor defects, cracks and holes, after cutting out as necessary, shall be made
good as appropriate and rubbed down flush with the surrounding surface. The application
of paints shall he delayed until surfaces are thoroughly dry.
21.5.3.2 Textured and Rough Wall Surfaces
21.5.3.3 Smooth Concrete and Plastered Surfaces
21.5.3.4 Wooden Surfaces
(1) All wooden surfaces to receive paints shall be finished smooth with in sand paper using
varying degrees of coarseness to produce uniform smooth and unmarred wood surfaces.
Nails shall he punched in well below the surface.
ECPN 3 - 1996 94
21.5.3.5 Metal Surfaces
(I) Cast iron and steelwork including sheeting and pipes shall be wire brushed or vacuum
cleaned.
(2) New galvanized surfaces shall be pretreated with an etching solution such as phosphoric
acid. All etching solution shall be removed and cleaned prior to paint application
21.5.3.6 Painted Surfaces
(3) Painted surfaces shall be cleaned and finished smooth for repainting by removing the
paint or as specified.
21.6 PAINT APPLICATION
21.6.1 General
(1) All paint materials shall he prepared and mixed in strict compliance with the manufacturer's
instructions. The mixture shall he stirred as often as required before and during application
to produce a mixture of uniform density. Any film forming on the surface of the mixture
shall be removed before application. The mixture shall be strained if necessary to remove
film and resolve.
21.6.2 Application of Paint
(1) Paints shall be applied in the specified coats or in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions to achieve the required colour and surface finish. Successive coats shall be
applied only after the drying and approval of preceeding coats.
(2) Surfaces shall be sanded and dusted between coats to remove all visible defects.
(3) All brush and roller coats shall be applied to the surface in an even film. Cloudiness, runs,
spottings, brush marks and the like imperfections shall be removed and the surface left even
and uniform in colour. Each coat of spray application shall be equivalent to brush applied
coat. Spray application shall not be doubled back to apply paint for the purpose of building
up film in place of successive coats.
21.6.3 Sample Painted Surfaces
(1) At least one sample painted surface shall be prepared for approval as required for the
different surfaces to receive paints. All paint work thereafter shall match the approved
samples for colour, texture and coverage.
21.6.4 Paint Coats
21.6.4.1 Masonry and Plastered Wall Surfaces
(5) Unless specified otherwise, masonry and plastered wall surfaces shall receive primers and
two successive coats.
ECPN 3 - 1996 95
21.6.4.2 Wooden Surfaces
(1) Unless specified otherwise, wooden surfaces shall receive primer and two successive coats.
(2) Defects like' open joints, nail holes shall be stopped and surface imperfections faced up after
priming. All these remedied areas shall be primed before application of the succeeding coat.
(3) The stopping, filling and facing up of imperfection for wood surfaces to be finished in
varnish or clear wood finish shall be in approved wood filler to match the colour of the wood
or tint of the varnish. Priming of varnish and clear wood finish shall be applied in the joiners
shop where practicable but not allowed to stay long before the successive coat is applied.
21.6.4.3 Metal Surfaces
(1) Unless specified otherwise, metal surfaces shall be coated with:

- two coats of anti-rust primer where coating is not decorative.
- or one coat anti-rust primer and two successive coats of synthetic enamel paint.
21.6.5 Cleaning at Completion
(1) All areas affected by painting shall be washed or cleaned using paint removers with no effect
on the cleaned materials and left tidy and clean at completion.
(2) All removed installations shall be fixed in position on completion. 21.7
CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
21.7.1 Plastic Emulsion and Water Based Paints
(1) Plastic emulsion and water based paints shall be identified for internal and external works
and for matt and glossy and water repellent paint.
21.7.2 Oil Paints
(3) Oil paints shall he manufacturer recommended oil based primer and two coats of linseed or
other approved oil based paint to give glossy finish.
21.7.3 Anticorrosive Coating
(1) Anticorrosive coating shall be lead primer or zinc chromate and applied in two coats for
surfaces not intended to be decorated.
21.7.4 Synthetic Enamel Paint
(1) Synthetic enamel paint shall be applied to primed wood, metal or plaster surfaces in two
successive coats to produce glossy finish. The primer coats shall be as recommended by the
manufacturer for the respective material types to be painted.
21.7.5 Waterproof Cement Coating
(1) Cement paint shall be applied in two successive coats with no primer. Cement coating shall
not be applied under strong direct sun or windy conditions.
ECPN 3 - 1996 96
SECTION - 22
GLAZING
22.1 DEFINITION
(1) Glazing is understood as the installation of varying qualities of glass to doors, windows,
partitions and other required portion and the installation of mirrors.
22.2 WORK INCLUDED
(1) Glass and glazing, mirrors, putty, beads, clips, sealants and other fixing devices and
accessories for the complete installation of the works shall be provided.
22.3 STANDARDS
(1) The following standards shall be complied with:-

- BS 952, Parts 1 and 2 Glass and Glazing
- BS 4031 X-ray protective lead glasses
- BS 4255, Part 1 Preformed rubber gaskets for weather exclusion from building
- BS 5889 Silicone based building sealants
22.4 MATERIALS
22.4.1 Product Data
(1) Product data to demonstrate that glass, glazing, mirrors and the proposed methods of fixing
shall comply with the requirements of the standards cited above shall be submitted for
approval within a reasonable time, but in any case prior to placement of order.
22.4.2 General
(1) Glass shall generally be annealed float, polished flat glass, toughened or tempered plate glass
free from bubbles specs and other imperfections and complying with the particular material
specifications hereunder and the types shown in the classifications section of this
specification or schedules and drawings. In addition to this requirement, the specific type
requirements shown in the following subsections shall be met:
22.4.3 Transparent Sheet Glass
(1) Transparent sheet glass shall be clear, light transmitting and capable of distinctly showing
objects thorough. Transparent glass shall be ordinary quality (OQ), selected glazing quality
(SQ) and special selected quality (SSQ) depending on the quality of" work to be achieved
and shall be coloured or tinted.
22.4.4 Figured Glass
(1) Figured glass shall be identified for quality as in sheet glass but having sufficient imprinting
of texture or pattern to obscure vision partially or totally as specified and yet capable of
ECPN 3 - 1996 97
allowing the transmission of light. Figured glass shall be clear or tinted. The pattern or
texture of the figuring shall be subject to approval.
22.4.5 Opaque Glass
(1) Opaque glass shall meet the requirement of transparent sheet glass for quality but shall have
white or other approved colour to obscure vision partially or totally as specified but
transmitting light through.
22.4.6 Wired Glass
(1) Wired glass shall be Georgian or normal hexagonal mesh in transparent, figured or opaque
glass as specified. The requirements of transparent, figured or opaque glass shall be met in
addition to the standards required for wired glass.
22.4.7 Glass Block
(1) Glass block shall be translucent with normal pressed finish on both faces and capable of
carrying its own and superimposed weight. The jointing faces shall be shaped or coated to
ensure adequate bond between glass and concrete or mortar.
22.4.8 Polished Plate Glass for Mirror
(1) Mirrors shall be produced from minimum 6mm thick polished plate glass silvered on one
side with the quality of silvering depending on the standard of finish required. Mirror work
shall include mirrors, shelves and cabinets. Where cabinets and shelves are to he built in
other materials, the requirements specified in the specifications for such materials shall be
complied with.
22.4.9 Glazing Compounds and Sealants
(1) Putty for glazing shall be quick hard setting tropical putty specifically manufactured for
glazing.
(2) Flexible vinyl gasket materials shall comply with the requirements of the fabricator of the
materials and works to be glazed.
(3) Gaskets materials for aluminum shall be of the same colour as the aluminum and shall be
non staining and not requiring painting.
(4) Gaskets and sealant compounds for other works shall be naturally occurring in colour and
not requiring painting.
22.4.10 Glazing Accessories
Glazing clips, shins, angles, beads, setting blocks and spacer strips supplied with the items to be
ed shall be ferrous metal matching the colour and quality of the other accessories. Such
ssories shall have finishes that do not corrode or stain.
ECPN 3 - 1996 98
22.5 INSTALLATION
22.5.1 Preparation
1) Glass shall be cut to size and edge rounded at shop or work site to accurate dimension
leaving play on all sides.
2 All items in which glazing is to be fixed shall he free from dirt, grease, oil or other elements
pairing the fixing and likely to stain the glazing and sealant.
22.5.2 Fixing
1) Glazing shall be fixed with visible lines and waves running in the horizontal direction.
2) Glazing shall be set in position with equal edge clearance on all sides. The play around all
edges ether puttied or not shall not exceed 2mm.
3) Glazing shall be fixed or stopped with the beads furnished with the item to be glazed,
whether ty or gaskets are used.
4) Moving items shall be securely closed or locked in position until glazing compound has
thoroughly
5) Special precaution shall be taken to ensure that sealants and gaskets used in external glazing
are and water tight.
6) Excess compounds, smears, labels and paints spots shall he removed and both faces of the
glass cleaned to ensure that the surface is free of any scratches or defacing marks.
22.6 CLASSIFICATION
(1) Glass and glazing shall be classified in accordance with the following types and comply with
the requirement set above for each type and identified by thickness:
22.6.1 "Clear float or polished plate glass" identified for quality (OQ,SQ,SSQ, Tempered) and
tint.
22.6.2 "Figured float or polished plate glass" identified for quality (OQ, SQ, SSQ, Tempeëd),
tint and texture or pattern.
22.6.3 "Opaque float or polished plate glass" identified for quality (OQ, SQ, SSQ, Tempered)
and colour
22.6.4 "Wired Glass" identified for quality (OQ, SQ, SSQ, tempered) and stating whether clear,
figured or opaque and tint.
22.6.5 "Glass Block" specifying colour and thickness
22.6.6 "Glass Mirror" specifying sizes and thickness, whether in shelf or cabinet and degree of
silvering. Drawings or schedules to show cabinets shall he submitted with schedule of
glazing.
22.6.7 "Security and Other special purpose glazing" - The technical specifications, drawings and
schedules required to enable procure and install glass for this purpose shall he included
in this specification as required.
ECPN 3 - 1996 99
SECTION - 23
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
23.1.1 Work Included
(1) The supply, erection, installation, testing and commissioning of the complete Low Voltage
supply network, electrical installations, services and street lights as shown on drawings,
schedules and described in this Specification and Bill of Quantities for each works shall be
understood as included.
(1) Earthwork, masonry, finishing and preparatory works described elsewhere in this
Specification shall be understood as included and equally applicable to this section in so far
as the work is related.
23.1.3 Quality Assurance
23.1.3.1 Standards and regulation
(1) The following standards and regulations shall he complied with:

- Electrical Installation of Buildings EBCS 10
- The latest regulations of the Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority (EELPA)
Relevant regulations of the International Electro technical Commission, JEC - In the
event of differences EELPA regulations shall govern
(2) Where standards to which equipment and material must comply are cited, equipment and
materials meeting other approved standards may be accepted. Where materials, appliances
and fittings, patented or otherwise, are prescribed, or the names of manufacturers are given,
the intent is only to establish the quality and required services. Substitutes of equal quality
to that specified shall be accepted subject to prior approval. The onus of proof that, the
offered is of equal standard as that specified shall be that of the Contractor. Such proposal
shall be accompanied with sufficient evidence and comparison table to demonstrate that,
the required critical parameters are of equivalent standard.
23.1.3.2 Qualification of Workmen
(1) The requirements of qualification of workmen in the "General Requirements' section of this
Specification shall be complied with.
(2) In addition to these requirements at least one person who is thoroughly familiar with the
specified requirements and capable of guiding the tradesmen in the selection of materials
and execution of the works of this section shall be assigned.
(I) The Contractor shall he deemed to have examined test certificates and specifications for all
plant, equipment and materials to be provided under the Contract and to have satisfied
ECPN 3 - 1996 100

himself that all component parts of the works are tested and meet the specified standards.
To this end, the Contractor shall, prior to placing order or when requested produce:
- List of all items to be installed
- Manufacturer’s name, place of manufacture and other relevant product data
- Catalogues, certificates and other data, test results, etc., demonstrating properties of materials,
method of installation and the like
- Insulation resistance tests between phases and each phase to earth
- Earth continuity tests on all circuits
- Earth resistance of earth electrodes
- Line and natural earth loop impedance from selected positions on site
23.1.4.1 Protection
(1) All means necessary to protect electrical materials and fixtures during transport and before,
during and after installation shall be provided to ensure that no damage occurs to the
materials or their surfaces. Electrical fixtures shall be supplied in their original packings.
23.1.4.2 Storage
(1) Electrical materials shall be stored in locked rooms or containers in their original packing.
Light fixtures, sockets, switches, boards and the like shall be stocked on shelving, ensuring
that no damage is likely to occur by stacking one over the other. Different materials shall be
stacked at different locations.
23.2 PRODUCTS AND INSTALLATIONS
23.2.1 Underground Cable Ducts
23,2.1.1 General
(1) Underground cable ducts for incoming power supply cables and telephone service cables to
buildings, shall he supplied and installed by the Contractor. It shall be the responsibility of
the Contractor to ensure that the underground duct is installed correctly according to each
party's requirements, and to the purpose. The Contractor shall liaise closely with EELPA
and ETA to ensure that their requirements are fully satisfied. It shall be in the Contractor's
responsibility to ensure that adequate information concerning easy bends, directions or
runs, etc., is given before work commences.
23.2.1.2 Precast Concrete, Galvanized Steel and PVC Pipes
(1) The material standard, method of laying and jointing and pipe surround shall be that
specified under the Plumbing and Sanitary Installations Section of this Specification. The
PVC pipe to be used shall be that equal to foul drainage.
23.2.2 Manholes
(1) Manholes shall be in precast concrete C-20 quality, brick or Class A hollow block work as
indicated and detailed on the drawings. The manholes shall be laid on a minimum concrete
ECPN 3 - 1996 101

bed of 150mm, C-20 concrete.

(2) Manholes other than precast concrete shall be rendered internally and externally with two
coats of cement mortar. Joints of precast concrete manholes shall be flush pointed.
(3) Manholes covers shall he in cast iron cover and frames or C-25 precast concrete as detailed
on drawings.
23.2.3 Conduits for Internal Wire Drawing
(1) All metal conduits shall be medium gauge and shall be laid in straight and symmetrical
lines. The end of all conduits shall be carefully reamed to remove all burrs and sharp edges
after the screw threads have been cut. The ends of the conduits shall be butt welded
solidity in all couplings and where conduits terminate in switch fuses, fuse boards,
adaptable boxes etc., they shall be connected thereto by means of smooth bore male brass
brushes, compression washers and sockets.
(2) All bends shall be made on site to suit site conditions and not more than two right angle
bends shall be permitted without the interposition of a draw box. No tees, elbows or bends
will be permitted, unless specifically mentioned in the specification or on the drawings.
(3) All PVC conduits shall be of high impact PVC type. Ends shall be carefully trimmed of all
burrs. Joints shall be made using adhesive supplied or recommended by the conduit
manufacturer.
23.2.4 DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
23.2.4.1 Cubicle Panel Boards
(1) The Contractor shall supply and install medium voltage main distribution panels as
indicated on the drawing. The main distribution panel shall be of the cubical panel type.
The Contractor shall submit detailed drawings of the proposed panel layout for approval.
(2) The design and arrangement of the panel shall be such as to permit the ready addition or
replacement of incoming and outgoing cables. There shall also be ready access to any
component requiring maintenance including all bolted or clamped connection.
23 .2.4.2 Main and Sub distribution Boards
(1) The Contractor shall supply and install distribution boards in the positions indicated on
drawings. All sub-main distribution boards shall be complete with isolator or fused switch
as applicable.
(2) The distribution boards shall be complete with all necessary earth bonding gland-plates,
cable entries, fixing brackets and supports for the cables specified and the locations
indicated.
(3) Sub-distribution boards shall be surface or flush mounted as specified in the Schedule or
Bill of Quantities.
(4) Distribution boards shall be of the type fully enclosed sheet steel or PVC as indicated in
the Bill. Each shall be a one standard panel section having the number of pitch units as
detailed on the drawings. Boards shall consist of approved single and trips pole miniature
circuit breakers. The current rating and type of each panel are indicated on the appropriate
distribution boards diagram.
(5) Unused reserve pitch units shall be fitted with moulded plastic cover strips. Full facilities
shall be provided within the panel for the fitting of future additional circuit breakers. The
ECPN 3 - 1996 102

circuits fed from the distribution board shall be marked on a card fixed to the insides of the
lid. This card must indicate without ambiguity the location of all the outlets fed from each
distribution way, and the size of the fuse or circuit breaker rating. The information must
either be typed or printed on the card, or presented in similar legible manners.
(6) Distribution and sub-distribution boards, bus bar rating, type of mounting (surface, flush)
etc shall be indicated on the drawing. The reference number of the Board shall be used in
the Bill.
23 .2.4.3 Terminal Covers
(1) Terminal covers shall be of moulded plastic, surfaces mounted with hare plate, 35mm wide
rail wire entry knock outs. Terminal covers shall include all related work.
23.2.5 Cables and Conductors
(1) Cables shall be PVC insulated and PVC sheathed and shall be rated according to IEC 364-
5-523, with conductor temperature limit of 70°C, and nominal voltage of 0.6/1KV.
(2) Conductors shall be PVC insulted according to IEC 364-5-523, with conductor
temperature of 70°C, and nominal voltage of 0.45/0.75KV.
(3) Underground cables shall be PVC insulated PVC and PVC sheathed. Unless specifically
indicated otherwise, all cables shall have copper conductors.
(4) All internal wiring shall be ---in PVC insulated cables and/or conductors conforming to
the appropriated national standards. All conductors shall be colour coded according to
EELPA regulations as follows:
Single phase GREEN PHASE
BLACK NEUTRAL
WHITE GROUND
Three phase GREEN, YELLOW, RED PHASES
BLACK NEUTRAL
WHITE GROUND
(5) Cable sizes shall he selected in accordance with EELPA regulation.
(6) Bare conductors for overhead external works shall be the specified size and in copper or
aluminum in accordance with EELPA requirements.
23.2.6 Conduits
(1) All metal conduits shall be heavy duty galvanized and shall be laid in straight and
symmetrical lines. The ends of all conduits shall be carefully reamed to remove all burrs
and sharp edges after the screw threads have been cut. The ends of the conduits shall butt
solidly in all couplings, and where terminated in switch fuses, fuse boards, adaptable
boxes etc., they shall be connected thereto by means of smooth bore male brass bushes,
compression washers and sockets. All bends shall be made on site to suit site conditions
and not more than two right angle bends shall be permitted without the interposition of a
draw box.
(2) All PVC conduits shall be of high impact PVC type. After cutting all ends shall be
carefully trimmed of all burrs. All joints shall be made using adhesive supplied by the
manufacturer.
(3) Conduit sizes shall be determined in accordance with standard practice and with Table B-4
of EELPA regulation. The minimum size of conduits shall he 13.5mm.
ECPN 3 - 1996 103

23.2.7 Lighting
(1) All light fittings shall be of approved type and be installed as indicated on the drawing and
the Bill of Quantities. Tungsten filament lamps shall be of the general service type and
coiled coil pattern in applicable sizes. Offices and low ceiling public areas will receive
light from fluorescent lamps with colour temperature (around 4000°K) that combine well
with daylight.
23.2.8 Light, Power and Socket Outlets
232,8.1 General
(I)Unless indicated on drawings or schedules, the following shall be the minimum standard of
light, power, switch and other outlets and fittings.
23,2.8.2 Light Points
(1) Light points fed through specified size PVC insulated conductors of type Siemens NYM or
equivalent, in thermoplastic or steel conduits of specified diameter for surface or for
recessed installation, including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
(2) Light points fed through specified size PVC insulated conductors of type Siemens NYM or
equivalent, in ridged thermoplastic conduits of 13.5mm diameter for surface installation,
including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
(3) Switch point of specified pole and type carried through PVC insulated conductors of type
Siemens NYM or equivalent, in thermoplastic or steel conduit of specified diameter for
recessed or surface installation including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
(4) Switch point of specified pole and type carried through PVC insulated conductors of type
Siemens NYM or equivalent, in ridge thermoplastic conduits of specified diameter for
surface installation including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
23.2.8.3 Socket Outlets
(1) Unless specified otherwise, all socket outlets shall generally be Siemens "SCHUKO' or
other approved.
(2) Socket points of specified rating fed though PVC insulated conductors as shown on
drawing inside thermoplastic conduits of diameter shown on drawing or specified in Bill of
Quantities for surface or recessed installation including junction box with covers and
insulating caps.
(3) Socket points of specified rating fed through PVC insulated conductors as shown on
drawing inside rigid thermoplastic of diameter as shown on drawing for surface installation
including junction boxes with covers and insulating caps.
(4) Socket points of specified rating fed through PVC insulated conductors as shown on
drawing inside steel conduits of diameter as shown on drawing for surface installation
including junction boxes with covers and insulating caps.
ECPN 3 - 1996 104

23.2.8.4 Power Outlets
(1) Power outlets of specified rating, PVC sheathed cable, specified size in thermoplastic
conduit for recessed installation,' including junction boxes with cover and insulating cap.
(2) Power outlets of specified rating, PVC sheathed cable, specified size in rigid thermoplastic
conduit for surface installation, including junction boxes with cover and insulating cap.
(3) Power outlets of specified rating, PVC sheathed cable in specified size of steel conduit for
surface installation, including junction boxes with cover and insulating cap.
23.2.8.5 Bell Points
(1) Bell points fed through specified PVC insulated conductor or 20.8rnm2 inside
thermoplastic conduits of 13.5mm diameter for recessed installation including junction
boxes with covers and insulating caps.
(2) Bell points fed through PVC insulated conductor of 2x0.8mm2 inside steel conduits of
specified size for surface installation including junction boxes with covers and insulating
caps.
23.2.8.6 Fan Outlets
(1) Fan outlets and switch points fed through PVC specified size insulated conductors inside
thermoplastic conduits of 13.5 - 16mm diameter for recessed installation including
junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
rigid thermoplastic conduits or 13.5 - 16mm diameter for surface installation including
junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
rigid steel conduits of 15mm diameter for surface installation including junction boxes
with cover and insulating caps
23.2.8.7 Telephone Outlets
(1) Conduits for telephone system shall be installed complete as indicated on drawings. The
wiring for each telephone outlet shall be carried out by the Ethiopian Telecommunication
Authority. The Contractor shall liaise with ETA to verify that adequate concealed conduits
have been included.
(2) Telephone conduits shall he thermoplastic conduit for recessed installation.
23 .2.8.8 Television Antenna Outlet
(1) Television antenna outlets with flat twin T.V cable inside thermoplastic conduits of 20mm
diameter for recessed installation including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
(2) Television antenna outlets with flat twin T.V cable inside rigid thermoplastic conduits of
20mm diameter.
(3) Television antenna outlets with flat twin T.V cable inside steel conduits of 20mm diameter
for flush installation including junction boxes with cover and insulating caps.
23.2.8.9 Bell System
(I) Bell system shall be flush or surface installed as prescribed, with call indicator panel of
ECPN 3 - 1996 105

specified number, buzzer and transformer.

23.2.8.10 Fans, Extractors
(3) Fans and extractors shall be wall mounted or hanging with specified type and rating shown
on drawings or schedule.
23.2.8.11 Air Conditioners
(1) Air conditioners shall be the specified size, rate and finish and shall be understood as
including all related work.
23.2.8.12 Poles and Accessories
23.2.8.12.1 Impregnated wooden poles
(1) Impregnated wooden poles of specified height, and diameter for L.V distribution and street
lighting system shall be impregnated wooden poles complying with the requirements of
EELPA. The wooden poles shall he securely embedded in earth with C-15 concrete as
detailed on drawings. The minimum depth of holes shall he 1200mm for normal soil and
800mm for rock area.
23.2.8.12,2 Steel pipes
(1) Galvanized or mild steel finished painted, aluminum and pre painted steel pipes for street
lighting shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the detail drawings. C-25
concrete shall be used for anchoring the poles.
23.2.8.12.3 Insulators
(1) Porcelain insulators (Pin Type Insulators) type N80 and N95 with arrangement for pin and
hook types to be fixed with plaster of Paris shall be used. N80 is to be used for small size
conductors and N95 with conductors larger than 25mm2. Porcelain glazed insulators
(Shackle insulators) Type Y9732-with shaft hole diameter of about 18-25mm with major
lobes about 60-100mm in diameter are to be used at dead end at T-junction and at bent poles.
(2) Hot dip galvanized steel swan rock hooks are to be screwed into wooden poles for
insulations of N80 and N95.
(3) Guy or stay insulators of glazed porcelain are to be used to break the continuity of
galvanized steel wires used for guying. Guy insulators are to be placed at heights of about 3-
5m above the ground depending on the length of the pole used.
(4) For shackle insulators D-iron with bolt and nut constitutes the hardware part. The D-iron is a
rectangular hot dip galvanized steel at least 38x6mm in cross-section. The assembly is used
for dead- ending low tension line.
23.2.8.112.4 Cross arms
(I) Cross arms of types specified in the Bill of Quantities as per EELPA specification shall be
produced from various sizes of steel channels. Cross arms shall include fixing collars, bolts
and nuts with holes for insulator pins.
ECPN 3 - 1996 106

23.2.8.12.5 Aerial fuses
(1) Aerial fuses with porcelain type fuse holder and section switch with rating as specified in the
Bill of Quantities shall be mounted on poles.
23.2.8.12.6 Photo-electric cell
(1) Photoelectric cell complete with light sensitive switch of rated capacity for light fixture
including rated capacity automatic circuit breaker for electrical protection of the switch shall
be used. Care shall he taken to ensure that the photocell shall not be located facing the street
lighting lamps to he controlled by the light sensitive switch.
23.2.8.12.7 Earthling
(1) The installation of the earthling system shall he in accordance with Section D of EELPA
regulation. The Sub-contractor shall supply, install and connect all necessary conductors,
clamps, connectors, terminals etc. for an efficient earthing system.
(2) The entire electrical installation together with the armouring or metallic sheathing of all
cables shall be electrically continuous throughout forming a completely bonded earth
system.
(3) The Contractor shall ensure that every complete earth loop circuit comprising conduits,
cable sheaths, core conductors etc. shall have an impedance value not exceeding that laid
down in the latest edition of EELPA Regulations.
23.2.8.12.8 Lightening Protection System
(3) The Contractor shall supply and install lightening protection system complying with EELPA
regulations for the protection of structures against lightening.
23.2.8.12.9 Generator System
(1) The rating and type of power generator required for the works shall be described in the
Schedule or Bill of Quantities of Quantities.
ECPN 3 - 1996 107

SECTION 24
PLUMBING AND SANITARY INSTALLATION
(1) All materials, as indicated on the drawings and specified herein, labour, equipment, tools,
temporary supports, and related items required for the satisfactory installation of plumbing
and sanitary shall be provided.
(1) Earthwork, concrete, masonry, finishing and other related works described elsewhere in this
Specification shall be considered as equally applicable to this section in so far as the work is
related.
24.1.3 Quality Assurance
24.1.3.1 Standards
(1) Comply with the following Standards and any of the Standards as may be referred to in this
Section.
Plumbing EBCS - 9
Galvanized steel and pipe threads BS 1387 & BS 21
Pre-cast concrete pipes ES 3505
UPVC pipes for cold water services BS 5481
Vitreous China wash down W.0 pans BS 5503
Flanges and bolting for pipes BS 4505
Joints and fittings for use with
UPVC pressure pipes BS 4346
(2) The Standards and Codes referred to above are meant to establish qualify of materials,
workmanship and systems of operation. Where differences in Standards vary, the most
stringent of all shall govern.
(I) Generally comply with the requirements of "Qualification of Workmen" in the General
Requirements Section of this Specification.
(2) In addition to these requirements, at least one person who is thoroughly familiar with the
specified requirements and capable of guiding the tradesmen in the selection of material and
execution of the works of this section shall be assigned.
24.1.3,3 Submittals
(1) Manufacturers test certificates, with the consignment or as directed for pipes and other
plumbing and sanitary fixtures shall he submitted
ECPN 3 - 1996 108

(1) At a reasonable time prior to placement of order, product data, indicating the following shall
he submitted.
- List of all items proposed to be furnished and installed.
- Manufacturer's name and place of manufacture.
- Catalogues, certificates and other data demonstrating propel-ties of material, test results,
methods of fixing and jointing.
24.1.4.1 Protection
(1) All means necessary to protect piping and other sanitary material during transport and
before, during and after installation shall be provided to ensure that no damage occurs to
the materials, and coatings. Where damage to material or surface occurs, repairs shall made
or, if unacceptable, replaced as required. Sanitary ware shall be supplied in their original
packing.
24.1.4.2 Storage
(I) Pipes shall be stacked on level ground to ensure that no pipes rest on sockets or other joints.
End of pipes in bottom rows shall be securely chocked to prevent collapse of stack.
(2) Pipes shall, as far as possible, be stacked in pyramid form and to a maximum height of
2000mm above ground-
(3) Sanitary ware shall be stored in a locked room and/or container in their original packing.
No fixtures shall he laid over the other unless there is proof that the packing material is
capable of sustaining the load.
24.1.4.3 Testing
(I) Water supply and drainage works shall be tested in sections as directed after laying and
jointing and before being covered up. The test shall be repeated after the pipes are covered
up.
(2) The length of pipes to be installed shall be such that they pass tests before and after being
covered up. Valves and taps shall be broken down, lubricated and reassembled before final
fixing.
(3) Pipe line shall be cleaned before testing.
(4) The water to be used for testing shall be clean potable water. The equipment and testing
methods for pipe tests shall he subject to prior approval.
(5) External water service pipes shall be subjected to a hydraulic test pressure of at least two
times the working pressure at the lowest points of the pipe line section under test and
maintained for a period of one hour.
(6) Drainage pipe work shall be subjected to a hydraulic test pressure of 3000mm head over the
highest fitting level, maintained for a minimum period of 4 hours.
(7) Internal water service pipe shall be subjected to an air test pressure of 10 bar, maintained
for a period of 15 minutes.
(8) At completion of testing, defects in pipe lines shall be made good and taps and valves
checked for satisfactory flow and closing.
ECPN 3 - 1996 109

24.2 PRODUCTS
24.2.1 Pipes
24.2.1.1 Galvanized steel pipes
(1) Distribution pipe for potable water, internal and external installation shall generally comply
with the requirements of BS 1387, medium gauge, having plain or threaded ends to BS 21.
(2) Galvanized steel pipes fittings shall comply with the requirements of BS 21.
(3) UPVC pipes and solvent weld spigot and socket fittings for cold water shall comply with
the requirements of BS 3505 and BS 4346, Part 2 respectively.
(4) Solvent cement welded UPVC pipes and fittings for foul and surface drainage shall comply
with the requirement of BS 5481.
5) Precast concrete pipe for foul and surface drainage shall comply with the requirements of
ESC D3 326 and shall be cement jointed.
(6) Steel components, bolts and nuts shall be zinc coated complying with the requirements of
BS 4291. Steel flanges shall comply with the requirements of BS 4505.
24.1,2 Sanitary Fixtures
24.2.2.Genèra1
(1) Sanitary fixtures shall comply with the minimum standards as set out in this section. Sanitary
fixtures shall be manufactured to standards acceptable for the intended purpose. Fixtures
and accessories shall always be obtained from one source as far as possible. Appliances
shall be supplied together with mounting and plugging devices, valves, chain, water plug,
traps, handles, flexible pipes and accessories such as bolts, nuts, screws, hinges, fishers,
etc., as required for the satisfactory installation. The following shall be the minimum
standards of sanitary ware to be installed unless altered in the Bill of Quantities of
Quantities or Schedule of sanitary ware. Manufacturers brand names and reference numbers
if used in Schedules and quantities are intended to specifically indicate qualities and
standards of materials.
24.2.2. 2 W. C. Units
(1) W.C units shall be white or coloured as indicated in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of
Quantities with manufacturer recommended flush apparatus, inlet and drain connector, trap,
fixing devices and accessories. The following shall be the categories of fixtures.
-- Vitreous china pedestal pan close coupled flush with plastic seat and cover.
- Vitreous china, low level automatic flush with plastic seat and cover.
Vitreous china, pedestal pan with concealed flush system, plastic seat and cover.
- Vitreous china, pedestal pan with high level vitreous china/plastic flush system, plastic
seat and cover.
- Enamelled cast iron/steel squatting pan, high level plastic/cast iron cistern and exposed
flush pipe-
- Enamelled steel/cast iron squatting pan, with concealed flushing system.
- Precast unit squatting pan, with high level plastic cistern and exposed flush pipe.
24.2.2.3 Hand Wash Basins

(I) Wash hand basins shall be in specified size and fittings, vitreous china white or coloured as
ECPN 3 - 1996 110

indicated in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of Quantities with manufacturer supplied or

recommended fittings, support system, basin waste and overflow, chrome plated or PVC
bottle trap, chrome plated or coated PVC valves and inlet and drain connectors. The
following are the categories of basins:
- Pedestal basin where the pedestal is supported and secured to the basin.
- Wall hang basin where coated steel brackets or screws are used as recommended by the
manufacturer.
- Counter top basins where the basin is supported on counters and neatly fitted around the
counter top.
24,2.2.4 Hand Wash basin fittings
(1) Hand wash basin fittings shall generally be either chrome plated or coated plastic of the
following categories. Traps shall be understood as included in all cases. The schedule or Bill
of Quantities of Quantities shall indicate whether the valves, taps, etc., are wall or basin
mounted and whether for single hole or two or three holes.
- Morioblock mixer with one centre tap hole cold and hot water valves and pop up
waste.
- Three hole mixer with cold and hot water valves and pop up waste.
- Monohiock mixer with one centre tap hole, lever handle and pop up waste.
Cold and hot water valves with two tap holes, chain and rubber plug.
- Cold water valves with one tap hole, chain and rubber plug.
- Swivel nose bridge mixer for two tap holes with chain and rubber plug.
- Back inlet bib tap for cold water supply with chain and rubber plug.
- Pair of back inlet bib taps for cold and hot water supply with chain and rubber plug.
24.2.2.5 Bath tubs
(1) Shower trays shall be white or coloured in specified sizes and depth, and shall have grated
waste outlet, shallow seal bath trap and constructed with grip resistant floor. The material
shall be any the following asspecified in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of Quantities.
- Enamelled steel
- Enamelled fireclay
- Reinforced acrylic
- Precast terrazzo /concrete or other elements
-Formed shower constructed by recess in floor, the construction method of which shall
be shown in detail drawings.
24.2.2.6 Shower trays
1) Shower trays shall be white or coloured in specified sizes and depth, and shall have grated
waste outlet, shallow seal bath trap and constructed with grip resistant floor. The material shall
be any the following as specified in schedules or Bill of quantities.
- Enameled steel
- Enameled fireclay
- Reinforced acrylic
ECPN 3 - 1996 111

- Precast terrazzo /concrete or other elements

- Formed shower constructed by recess in floor, the construction method of which shall
be shown in detail drawings.
24.2.2.7 Shower fittings
(1) Shower fittings shall he chrome plated or coated PVC of the following categories as may be
specified in Schedule or Bill of Quantities of Quantities:
- Cold water supply valve and fixed shower head and arm
- Cold waster supply valve with adjustable head
- Cold water supply with chrome plated exposed riser pipe and spray
- Hot and cold water supply valves with fixed shower head and arm
- Hot and cold water supply valves with adjustable head and arm
- Hot and cold water supply valves with chrome plated exposed riser pipe and spray
- Hot and cold water supply valves, with vertical slide bar and shower spray
- Hot and cold water supply or recessed thermostatic shower valve, with vertical slide bar
and shower spray
24.2.2.8 Urinals
24.2.2.8.1 Bowl urinals
(1) Bowl urinals shall be in vitreous china, white or coloured, single or multiple with divisions as
specified in Schedule or Bill of Quantities of Quantities. Urinals shall be wall mounted.
Urinals shall have PVC or chrome plated traps and grated outlet. The following flush system
shall he installed to bowl urinals as specified in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of Quantities:
- Exposed flush pipe, cistern and push on flush valve and spreader
- Concealed flush pipe, cistern and push on flush valve and spreader
-Push on self closing flush valve and spreader mounted on pipe line
-Self (timed) flushing cistern and fittings
-Self (timed) flushing cistern and fittings with flush timing control device
24.2.2.8.2 Slab urinals
(I) Slab urinals shall be in white or coloured enamelled fireclay, precast elements or in-situ cast
with divisions as may be specified in Schedules, Bill of Quantities of Quantities or show on
drawings. Urinals shall have slip resistant stands, shallow seal traps, grated outlets and the
following flushing systems as may be specified in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of
Quantities:
- Exposed flush pipe, cistern, horizontal pipe and individual push on flush valve and spreader -
Concealed flush pipe, cistern, horizontal pipe and individual push on flush valve and
spreader - Self closing individual push on flush valve mounted on pipe line
- Self (timed) flushing, concealed flushing cistern and fittings
- Self (timed) flushing concealed cistern and fittings with flush timing control device
ECPN 3 - 1996 112

- Horizontal perforated, continuous drip pipe with removable handle drip regulating valve
24.2.2.9 Water Heaters
(1) Specified capacity, vertical or horizontal wall mounted white colour water heater, with
minimum 50mm thick polyurethane insulation, steel sheathed element, white enamelled
steel outer face, provided with support brackets, precision thermostat, inlet and outlet safety
valves and flexible connection to water supply and discharge pipes.
24.2.2.10 Sinks and Valves
24.2.2.10.1 Sinks
(I) Sinks shall be stainless steel, acid resistant or fire clay as specified in Schedules or Bill of
Quantities of Quantities. Sinks shall have combined waste and over flow, chrome plated or
PVC bottle trap, grated outlet and wall or counter mounting accessories and valves as
specified in the fittings section below. The following particulars shall be given for sink in
the Schedule or Bill of Quantities.
- Material and intended purpose

- Width and length
- Whether valves (spouts) are sink or wall mounted - Whether square or chamfered front
- Number of bowls and drains
- Whether wall or counter mounted
- Top finish of counter if counter mounted.
24.2.2.10.2 Sink valves

(1) Sink valves shall be chrome plated or coated PVC and swivel arm with the following
particulars as specified in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of Quantities.
(2) Valve and arm spout for cold water supply with chain and waste outlet
(3) Hot and cold water valve arm spout with basin waste and plug
(4) Mono block mixer, with pop up waste and arm spout
(5) Bib tap with exposed inlet, wall plate and basin waste and plug
(6) Fixed high neck plastic or plastic coated tap with basin waste and plug, to be used for
laboratories only.
24.2.2.11 Bidet
(1) Bidet shall be in white or coloured vitreous china, with combined waste and overflow chrome plated
or PVC bottle trap and monoblock chrome plated or coated PVC mixer and spray pop up waste.
24.2,2.12 Other fixtures

(1) Other fixtures and their fittings intended for specialized use, such as fixtures for the disabled,
assisted baths, medical, cleaners, scrub-up sinks, draining fountain, etc, shall he specified in
detail in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of Quantities.
24.2.2.13 Precast and In-situ cast Troughs

(1) Precast or in-situ constructed laundry troughs, janitors basins and the like shall be constructed
as detailed on drawings or in specified sizes and shall have 50mm trapped drain grated outlet
ECPN 3 - 1996 113

and long arm chrome plated cold and hot or cold water valves as specified in Schedule or Bill
of Quantities of Quantities.
24.2.2.14 Bathroom Accessories

(1) Bath room accessories shall be provided as specified in Schedules or Bill of Quantities of
Quantities. The following particulars shall be given:
- Toilet roll
- Soap dish
- Towel rails, hooks and rings
- Grab rails
- Liquid soap dispensers
- Paper or fabric towel dispensers or rolls - Coat hooks
- Hot air blowers
- Shower cubicles
4.2.2.15 Floor Drains
'I) Floor drains shall be in chrome plated, enameled steel or PVC make in specified diameters or
;izes. Drains shall be grated and with shallow seal trap.
24.3 INSTALLATION
24.3.1 Setting Out
(1) Services and drains shall be set out in accordance with the drawings and instructions.
Temporary bench marks shall be maintained as necessary.
24.3.2 Trench Excavation and Cutting
1 ) Excavation for pipe laying shall be carried out only after a full supply of pipes has been
made readily available for that section. The bottoms of excavations shall be trimmed and
consolidated to the correct levels. Any excavation in excess of the required depth shall be
material of the same composition as pipe beds. If the bottom of excavations is not firm,
excavation shall be carried to firm level or as approved and filled with material of the same
composition as pipe bed.
(2) Rock projections, boulders and hard spots shall be removed and excavations made to true
level.
(3) The minimum width of excavation for pipes shall be 600mm for pipes up to 200mm
diameter and shall be not less than 600mm greater than the external diameter of the pipe for
pipe sizes over 250mm.
(4) The bottom of excavations shall he approved prior to bedding.
24.3.3 Pipe Laying
24.3.3.1 Inspection
(1) Pipes and fittings shall be inspected for damages and defects prior to laying. Any pipe found
to be damaged or defective shall be rejected and removed from the site.
ECPN 3 - 1996 114

24.3.3.2 Laying
l) Pipes shall be carefully lowered into trenches and laid truly straight to line and gradients. The
sockets of pipes shall face upstream. Pipes shall be laid single on bed. The level shall he
checked y a spirit level laid on the invert of the pipe. The level shall be checked against the
invert on the ipe previously laid and the nearest level peg. Pipes shall not he laid on their
collars or on temporary ;upports.
24.13.3 Jointing of Pipes
(1) Pipes shall be jointed strictly in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Solvent
cement for jointing of UPVC, PVC and polyethylene pipes and fittings shall be as
recommended by the pipes and fittings manufacturer.
24.3.3.4 Fixing of Sanitary Ware
(1) Sanitary ware shall be fastened, screwed or fixed in strict conformity with the manufacturers
recommendations.
24.3.4 Pipe Curves and Supports
24.3.4.1 Concrete Beds and Surrounds
(1) Concrete beds and surround shall he in C-IS plain concrete minimum 50mm below pipes,
150mm wider than the diameter of the pipe and 150mm thick above the crown of the pipe or
as detailed on drawings. Concrete surrounds to internal installation shall be of the same quality
as that used for the structure. Where pipes are buried in walls, cement sand mortar mix 1:4
shall be used to cover up the pipes.
24.14.2 Granular Beds and Surround
(I) Granular beds and surrounds shall be approved graded gravel. With a maximum size of
20mm, free from dust and organic material. The bed shall be placed to the width of the trench,
50mm thick below the bottom of the pipe and 150mm thick above the crown of the pipe or as
indicated on drawings.
24.3.4.3 Backfill to Pipe Excavation for Service Pipes
(1) Where gradual fill is not used, pipe surrounds and the fill 300mm above the pipe shall be in
selected excavated material free from stones retained on 20mm sieve. The backfill above
granular or selected excavated material fill and concrete surrounds shall be in excavated
materials in layers not exceeding 200mm before compaction. No mechanical compactors
shall be used before there is 1000mm of fill material on the pipes or there is 600mm of fill
material if the pipe has concrete surround.
(2) Thrust blocks at branches and changes of directions where shown, shall be in C-iS concrete
to sizes shown on drawings.
(3) Where pipes in buildings run exposed, supports and anchors shall he provided as detailed on
drawings, ensuring that adequate precaution is taken to allow sufficient freedom for
movement of pipes due to thermal variation.
24.3.4 Manholes and Catch Pits
(1) Manholes shall be in precast concrete C-20 quality, brick or Class A hollow block work as
ECPN 3 - 1996 115

indicated and detailed on the drawings. The manholes shall be laid on a minimum concrete
bed of 150mm thick C-20 concrete.
(2) Manholes constructed in stone, brick or concrete blocks shall he plastered in two coat
cement plaster internally and finished smooth. Where underground infiltration is likely to
occur, the external face of the walls shall receive the same treatment.
(3) The base of manholes shall be benched using half pipes or C-20 concrete to form smooth
flow between inlet and outlet. Benched and other surfaces shall be finished smooth in
cement screed.
(4) Manhole covers shall be in cast iron cover and frames or C-25 precast concrete as detailed
on drawings.
24.3.5 Valves
(1) Flanges, check valves, gate valves, service valves, etc., shall he in the specified material and
size and at the location indicated on the drawings or as directed. The installation shall
include pipe fittings for the easy removal and assembly of the valves for maintenance.
ECPN 3 - 1996 116

ECPN 3 - 1996 117

SECTON - 25
EXTERNAL WORKS
(1) The detailed requirements as specified in other sections of this Specification are equally
applicable to works under this section whether mentioned or not.
25.2 FENCING
(1) All concrete, masonry, timber, steel, metals and other material and labour required for a
complete and satisfactory construction of fencing works shall be provided.
25.2.2 Standards
(1) The requirements of the standards referred to in Concrete. Masonry, Structural Steel, My
Metalwork, Carpentry, Joinery, and Painting shall be complied with where applicable.
25.3 FENCING CONSTRUCTION
25.3.1 General
(1) Fencing shall be built-in stone, brick, block masonry and in-situ or precast concrete, metal,
steel profiles, timber or combinations of any of these materials.
(2) Concrete posts shall be built in precast concrete of specified quality and with detail for,
size, shape, reinforcement, cranking, etc., as shown on drawings and specified in schedule.
(3) Steel posts shall be built in mild black steel or galvanized steel profiles of type, size and
cranking as detailed on drawings. Mild steel posts shall be primed.
(4) Timber posts shall be in round or other shape, pressure impregnated or surface treated
timber as shown on drawing or specified. Single or double strainer posts shall be built-in
the same material and profile to the extent possible.
(5) Single or double strainer posts shall be securely welded, nailed or tied to up right posts as
shown on drawings.
(6) Posts shall be securely embedded in holes with concrete, stone chipping or gravel as shown
on drawings. The depth to he embedded shall be as shown on drawings. The minimum
depth shall be 500mm. If embedded in concrete, the concrete shall be Class C-iS and
extending at least 100mm below the bottom of the post.
(7) Holes shall be drilled in steel posts at tie points. Anchor hooks of galvanized wire of not
less than 2.5mm in thickness shall he nailed to timber posts and embedded in concrete
posts for tie wires.
ECPN 3 - 1996 118

(8) Strainer posts to uprights shall be provided at corners, ends, changes of direction and at
distances not exceeding 70 meter in straight run.
(9) Wire fences shall be in galvanized steel wire mesh (chain link), plain wires and barbed
wires as detailed on drawings.
(10) The thickness of materials, the mesh spacing and the number of barbed and line wires shall
be as shown on drawings.
(11) Galvanized wires for fencing shall not be less than 2mm thick.
(12) Strainer and tie wires in mesh fencing shall always be provided at the top and bottom of the
wire mesh at the minimum.
25.4 PAVING
25.4.1 General Requirements
(1) The Specifications in the Earthwork, Masonry and Concrete sections of this Specification
shall be equally applicable to this section.
25.4.2 Excavation, Fill, Disposal and Trimming of Slopes
(I) The requirements of the specification in the 'Earth Work' Section for excavation, fill, disposal
and trimming of slopes shall be compiled with.
25.4.3 Sub-base
(1) Hardcore sub-base shall be in basalt or other approved sound stone, having a finished
uniform thickness as shown on drawings.
(2) Materials forming direct support of pavement shall he hard durable stone chips, gravel or
other selected fill material, well graded to the required sizes.
(3) The material shall be free from vegetable matter and clay lumps.
(4) Naturally occurring sub-base material shall be scarified, watered, uniformly mixed and
compacted to at least 95% MDD. Where improved sub-base is to be placed, the upper
150mm of soil under the improved sub-base shall be compacted to 95% MDD.
5The improved sub-base shall be placed on the sub soil, watered and compacted at 200mm
layers to a dry density of 95% MDD.
6Pot holes, loose material, corrugations, depressions and other defects appearing on sub-base
shall be corrected until approved.
7The final surface of sub-base shall be graded to levels, and profiles, (cross falls, camber, etc.)
shown on drawings or as directed. If sub-base finish is not executed to approval, the
Contractor shall scarify, grade re-compact and finish the surface at his own cost.
25.4.4 Drainage Ditches
Drainage ditches shall be cut and shaped to the sections and profiles shown on drawings.
25.4.5 Gravel Wearing Course
ECPN 3 - 1996 119

(1) Gravel wearing course is the top surfacing course made from gravel or crushed aggregate to
road formation where no concrete or bitumen surface is applied.
(2) The material for wearing course shall have a plasticity index of 5.25, maximum Los Angles
abrasion and aggregate crushing value of 50 and 35 respectively and 4 days soak CBR of 80.
(3) The grading curve of the material, after processing and compaction shall be a smooth curve
with the
following envelope.
SIEVE SIZE PERCENTAGE BY WEIGHT PASSING
1 - 2" 100
3 - 4" 65 -95
- 8" 40 -70
No 30 -55
No 10 20-40
No 20 15 - 32
No 60 10-24
No 200 4- 10
(4) Wearing course shall be deposited and spread in a uniform layer across the full width and
compacted and finished to the profiles shown on drawings.
25.4.6 Asphalt Paving
25.4.6.1 General
(I) The final levels of sub-base shall be checked for suitability prior to placing of bituminous
paving.
(2) Adequate precaution shall he taken to ensure that asphalt work is not sprayed during rainy
weather and while the sub--base is excessively wet.
25.4.6.2 Asphalt Pavement Coating
(1) The base coarse shall be in penetration macadam course of 70mm thickness in 40-70im
crushed gravel laid on sub-base or hardcore, compacted with a 12 ton roller in at least 8
passes, and adjusted to final level with +1- 10mm.
(2) The surface shall be treated with AC 85/100 or other specified hot bitumen at the rate shown
on drawings or schedules. The surface shall, while hot, be covered with 8-12mm crushed
gravel and rolled until gravel is firmly in position and no movement is noticed under the
roller.
(3) The surface course to be applied after 10 days (during the time when base course is open to
traffic) shall consist of a 20mm wearing course applied as follows:
- Apply AC-180/200 or other specified hot bitumen at the rate shown on drawing or
schedules and spread evenly.
ECPN 3 - 1996 120

- The surface shall, while hot, be covered with stone chipping of 8-12mm and rolled
thoroughly. Check road level for uniformity.
- A fine spray of AC-120/200 or other specified hot bitumen shall be applied at the rate
shown on drawings or schedules and covered with 3-5mm stone chipping and rolled
with a 10-16 ton roller for a minimum pass of 4 times.
- The final level shall be checked for required accuracy.
25.4.7 Asphalt Concrete Paving
25.4.7.1 Work Included
(1) Provide all material, labour and equipment for the satisfactory execution of asphalt concrete
paving including the following:
- Final preparation of sub grade;

- Soil sterilization under pavement;
- Aggregate base course;
- Asphalt surfacing materials;
- Placing asphalt concrete;
- Flood test;
- Seal coat
(1) There shall he at least one person who is thoroughly trained and experienced in the skills
required, who is familiar with the design and application of works described in this
Section, and who shall be present at all times during progress of the work of this Section.
He shall direct all work performed under this Section.
(2) only tradesmen who are thoroughly trained and experienced in the skills required for
execution of asphalt concrete work shall be engaged.
25.4.7.3 Protection
(1) All necessary means shall he used to protect materials before, during and after execution.
25.4.7,4 Replacement
(1) Where damage occurs, all necessary repairs and replacements shall be made to approval and
at no additional cost to the Employer.
25,4.7.5 Products
(1) Soil steriliser shall be a compound of sodium chlorinate.

(2) The base course shall be in mineral aggregate course of 50-70mm laid on prepared sub-
base.
(3) Asphalt surfacing materials shall be asphalt concrete consisting of a mixture of sand,
mineral aggregate and liquid asphalt mixed in such proportions that the percentage by
weight of the sand and aggregate shall be within the following limits:
ECPN 3 - 1996 121

SIEVE SIZE PERCENTAGE PASSING
3 - 4" 100
3-8 85
1 65
No 50
No 30 15 -25
No 200 3-8
Plus 50-60 penetration liquid asphalt at 5% to 6-1/2% of the combined dry aggregates.
(4) All asphalt concrete shall be hot plant mixed.

(5) The aggregates shall have a temperature between 135 and 160 degree Centigrade when
placed in the mixer. The liquid asphalt shall be heated to a temperature between 135 and
160 degree Centigrade and shall be added during mixing.
(6) Combined aggregates and liquid asphalt shall be mixed in a pug mill mixer. Mixing shall
continue for at least 45 seconds after all ingredients have been placed in the mixture and
until the liquid asphalt is distributed uniformly throughout the mixture.
(7) The mixture shall have a temperature ranging between 145 and 160 degree Centigrade
when it leaves the plant.
25.4.7.6 Execution
25.4.7.6.1 Preparation
(1) The areas and conditions under which work of this Section is to be executed shall be
examined. Conditions detrimental to proper and timely completion of the work shall he
corrected.
(2) After preparation of sub grade thoroughly scarify and sprinkle the entire area to be paved
and then compact by rolling to a smooth, hard, even surfaces of 95% MDD compaction to
receive the aggregate base. Finishing shall be to the required grades, with due allowance for
the thickness of base and finished surfacing to be placed thereon.
25.4.7.6.2 Equipment
(1) Compacting equipment shall be self-propelled tandem rollers having a minimum weight of
ten tons, except hand-held vibrator compactor that may be used in areas not accessible to
rollers when specially approved.
(2) Equipment for line painting, soil sterilizing and seal coating shall be specifically designed for
the
purpose and shall he subject to inspection and approval prior to use.
(3)Paving equipment shall be spreading self-propelled asphalt paving machine capable of
maintaining line, grade and the minimum surface thickness specified, except spreader boxes
that may be used in areas where specifically approved.
25.4.7.6.3 Laying of Base Course
(1) After completion of sterilizing operations, place the specified base material over all areas to be
paved.
(2) Wet and compact the base material using only the amount of water needed to secure
ECPN 3 - 1996 122

optimum moisture content and compaction of 95% MDD.

(3) The base finish shall be brought to a uniformly smooth and hard surface conforming to the
lines, grades, elevations and cross sections shown on drawings.
25.4.7.6.4 Placement of Asphaltic Concrete
(I) Material shall not be spread unless it has a temperature of at least 140 degree centigrade at the
time of unloading.
(2) Asphalt concrete shall not be placed during fog, rain or on wet base course and during all
unsuitable condition.
(3) Material shall be spread in a manner which requires the least handling. Where thickness of
finished paving is less than 50mm, spreading shall he in one layer.
25.4.7.6.5 Rolling
(1) After the material has been spread to the proper depth, rolling shall be done with the
specified equipment until the surface is hard, smooth, unyielding and true to the thickness
and elevations shown on the Drawings.
(2) The surface shall be rolled at least in two directions until no roller marks are visible.
(3) Flood test shall be performed under supervision using water trucks.
(4) If more than 3mm deep water pond is formed in a depression, then the area shall be
corrected to provide proper drainage. Fill shall be feathered and made smooth so that the
joint between fill and original surface is invisible.
25.4.8 Landscaping
25.4.8.1 General
(1) Land preparation and planting shall be executed at all times under the guidance of an
experienced workman, who is thoroughly familiar with land preparation for gardening,
plants and their method of planting and the maintenance at completion.
(2) Planting shall generally be executed by sub-contractors experienced in landscaping.
(3) Plant material shall he delivered to meet or exceed the plant specification given on drawings
and schedules. Grass shall he free from noxious weeds.
25.4.8.2 Land Preparation
(1) The area to be planted shall be graded to the profiles shown on landscape drawings.
(2) Plant beds shall be graded to ensure that no ridges or depressions (other than those on
drawings) are formed and the area shall he left level and firm for proper drainage and to
ensure that no future settlement of the soil occurs.
(3) The top layer shall be fine graded using suitable top soil obtained from site or imported from
appropriate location.
25.4.8.3 Planting
(1) Plants shall he set in positions in the centre of holes and the holes back filled around the roots
Grass shall be sown or planted with approved seed or grass type.
ECPN 3 - 1996 123

25.4.8.4 Maintenance
(1) Plant shall he watered and cultivated, weeds removed and cultivated to keep the plant in
healthy growing conditions.
(2) The plant shall be maintained to the agreed maintenance period or to the end of the
construction Defects Liability Period if no separate maintenance period is agreed.
(3) Grass and plant showing defects at the end of the Defects Liability period shall be remove
replanted and maintained by the Contractor for an equal maintenance period as the initial
agreement and at no cost to the Employer.
ECPN 3 - 1996 124

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDING WORKS

02.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 11

04.1 DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................................. 25

ECPN 3 - 1996 iii

07.5.2 Surface Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 33

11.1 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 43

12.6.14 Built-in Cupboards................................................................................................................................ 56

15.4 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................. 70

ECPN 3 - 1996 vii

17.5.2 Fitting Hardware ..................................................................................................................................... 78

ECPN 3 - 1996 viii

20.4.1 Cement .................................................................................................................................................... 86

24.2 PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................ 110

01.2 SITE DESCRIPTION

01.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

01.3.2 Timing of Submittals

(2) Submittals shall always be in groups as far as possible.

(2) No material or workmanship requiring sample approval shall he delivered or executed

01, 3.7 Qualification of Workmen

01.3.8 Related Works Described Elsewhere

01.4 COSTS INCLUDED

whether such requirement is specifically stated or not.

01.5 SURFACE PREPARATION

01.6 STORAGE, HANDLING AND PROTECTION

01.7 SHOP DRAWINGS

(3) Shop drawings shall be used only after approval.

01.8 PROJECT RECORDS

01.8.1 Construction Schedule

Submittals of samples and shop drawings

011.8.2 Periodic Reports

3 The Quarterly report shall at least indicate:

01.8.3 Project Meetings

01.8.5 As Built Drawings

01.8.6 Operation and Maintenance Data I

Product data (manufacturer's or agents full address, reference of product, year of

- Copies of guarantees and warranties for plant.

- Any other relevant information required for maintenance and servicing.

01.9 SITE FACILITIES

01.9.1 Contractor's Camp

01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities

01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer

- Power supply for temporary and permanent works.

01.9 SITE FACILITIES

01.9.1 Contractor's Camp

01.9.2 Engineer's Facilities

01.9.3 Surveying Equipment and Assistance to the Engineer

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

02.2 WORK INCLUDED

(1) Comply with the following standards:

02.3.1 Qualification of Workmen

02.4.1 Excavated Fill Material

02.4.2 Borrowed Fill Material

and a plasticity index of 15 or less.

SIEVE DESIGNATION PERCENTAGE PASSING

02.5.1 Examination of Drawings

02.5.3 Site Clearance

02.5.3.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation

02.5.3.2 Felling of trees

02.5.3.3 Removal of termite hills

02.5.3.4 Removal of structures

02.5.4 Excavation and Get Out

02.5.3 Site Clearance

02.5.3.1 Removal of bushes and vegetation