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STUDENT GUIDE OF I.K.D. III (Case 1)

STUDENT GUIDE OF IKD III CASE 1

“BASIC TISSUE “

CASE TITLE: Riding new bicycle

Amir, a 5-year-old boy, has just started to ride a two-wheeled bicycle. Every 4 pm, he
always practices bicycles with his father.
One day his father couldn't come home on time because of a meeting. Amir, who was
confident that he could ride a bicycle, tried cycling on his own on the road in front of his house.
His mother forbade him because she thought that something might happen to Amir without his
father's presence.
Amir insisted on riding his bicycle in front of his house. He smoothly rides his bike in the
first lap. But in the second round, a cat suddenly crossed in front of him. He got panicked, was
unable to control his balance, and fell. The road scraped his upper limbs; there were small
bleeding spots that started to appear. The wound was very painful. Amir came home with his
bicycle full of regret, not listening to his mother's advice.

Introduction
Scrapes
Scrapes (abrasions) are skin wounds that rub or tear off skin. Most scrapes are shallow
and do not extend far into the skin, but some may remove several layers of skin. Usually, there is
little bleeding from a scrape, but it may ooze pinkish fluid.
Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration
Wound healing is a conserved evolutionary process among species and encompasses
spatially and temporally overlapping processes, including inflammation, blood clotting, cellular
proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling.
The mammalian epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium whose maintenance
relies on proliferation and differentiation of the basal layer of the epidermis. As basal epidermal
cells differentiate and move toward the surface, they give rise to suprabasal cells and the granular
layer and eventually terminally differentiate into enucleated corneocytes composing the stratum
corneum. As the outermost layer of the organism, the epidermis is constantly exposed to
multiple forms of injury. Failure to re-epithelialize injured skin causes the loss of the barrier
function of the organ, dehydration, infection, or even death. Hence, rapid closure of the wound
site by migration and proliferation of epithelial cells is critical to restoring the barrier function
vital for organism survival. A vast amount of evidence now shows that the presence and function
of resident epithelial stem cells in adult skin fuel the re-epithelialization process.

References:
1. Mescher AL.2018. Connective Tissue In: Junqueira's Basic Histology Text and Atlas., 15th
Ed, MacGraw-Hill’s Acces Medicine. pp: 96-98
2. Moore, Keith L., Dalley, Arthur F. 2015. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 5th Ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business.
3. Tucker AK. 2010. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg. Current reviews in
musculoskeletal medicine, 3, 32-7.
4. Young et all. 2014. Muscle. In: Wheater’s Functional Histology, A Text and Color Atlas.
Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. pp. 101-121.

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