Programming Language

How do you program the
SIMATIC S7 in compliance
with the IEC 61131-3
standard?
Unrestricted © Siemens 2020 siemens.com/controller
Unrestricted © Siemens 2020

S7 Programming language
1 Overview S7 Programming language

2
2 SIMATIC Programming with S7-SCL

3
4
3 SIMATIC Programming with S7-Graph
5
4 Hand-on experience
5
6
5 Q&A
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Overview S7 Programming language
Programming language TIA Portal S7 IEC 61131-3
Ladder Diagram LAD LD
Function Block Diagram FBD FBD
Structured Text SCL ST
Instruction List STL IL
Sequential Function Chart S7-GRAPH SFC


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TIA Portal
S7-SCL: Structured Control Language

Programming
Unrestricted / © Siemens VN 2020

S7 - SCL
What is S7 – SCL ?
1
1.1
2
1.2 Language description

3
4
1.3 Compile and test
5
1.4 Source code generation
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S7 - SCL
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SCL in STEP 7
What is SCL ?
SCL := high-level language programming + extensions typical for PLCs ;
▪ Structured Control Language as text-based
▪ Corresponds to IEC 61131-3 (ST)
▪ Certified according to PLCopen WinAC

S7-300 S7-1500
▪ Complex calculations & algorithms S7-1200
S7-400
▪ Data operations, e.g. sort data
▪ Program code exchangeable between S7-1200, S7-300, S7-400

and WinAC

SCL in STEP 7
Usage of SCL: IF data_operation THEN SCL
Example: Storage of Real-values in an array
3630.0 3630.0
5290.0 5290.0
6383.0 6383.0
9215.0 9215.0
13195.0 13195.0

SCL in STEP 7
Usage of SCL: IF data_operation THEN SCL
Code in LAD for S7-1200 Code in STL for Solution in SCL for
S7-300/400 S7-300/400
S7-1200 AND S7-1200/1500
WinAC
S7-300
S7-1500
S7-400 S7-1200 WinAC
S7-300
S7-400

SIMATIC STEP 7 in TIA Portal – Language Innovations
Efficient high level programming
High level programming with SCL
• Modern, text based SCL-Editor with highlighting, auto-

completion, support for passing parameters to a function
call,…
• Optimized for more complex algorithms and data

manipulations
• Access to the command set of the SIMATIC Controllers
• Exchange of ASCII sources by In-/Export

S7 - SCL
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SCL in STEP 7
Operators
result := expression ;
Example: switch_on := manual_on OR auto_on;
All assignments, control operations and calls are ended by ;
Combination Description Operator
Assignment Assignment :=
Parenthesis (Statement) (,)
Binary logic Negation NOT
AND AND, &
OR OR
Exclusive-OR XOR
Comparison Less than, less than or equal to, greater than, greater than or <, <=, >, >=,
equal to, equal, not equal to =, <>
Arithmetic Plus, minus (sign) +,-
Addition, Subtraction +,-
Multiplication, Division *, /, DIV,
Exponentiation MOD
**
SCL in STEP 7
Direct addressing (Example)
Direct Addressing : symbolic and absolute!
Area Notation example Examples
Bit %DBz.DBXy.x, %Ex,y %DB1.DBX0.0, %E0.0
Byte %DBz.DBBy, %ABy %DB5.DBB2 , %MB2

Absolut addressing
Word %DBz.DBWy, %MWy %DB5.DBW4, %MW3
Dword %DBz.DBDy %DB5.DBD8
Symbolic
„<DB-Symbol>“.<Variable-Name> „Motor“.Sollwert
addressing

SCL in STEP 7
Direct addressing (Example)
In the SCL-Editor, inputs, outputs and Bit memory are always Symbolic
: Tags symbols and addresses in table form

SCL in STEP 7
Indirect addressing
Indirect addressing, with symbolic address access of Arrays
Syntax: „<DB-Symbol>“.<Array-Symbol> [Index]
Example:

SCL in STEP 7
Overview: Functions for Data handling
S7-1200
Controler S7-300
WinAC
S7-1500
S7-400
Possibilities ▪ ANY – Pointer ▪ VARIANT ▪ ANY - Pointer und VARIANT

▪ Absolute und symbolic ▪ Symbolic Addressing ▪ Symbolic Addressing
Addressing
System functions BLKMOV FILL MOVE_BLK FILL_BLK BLKMOV FILL
PEEK POKE MOVE_BLK FILL_BLK
PEEK POKE

SCL in STEP 7
New Functions: Rising and falling edge
When a Rising edge is detected on the input CLK , the output Q returns signal status 1
Rising edge: Example
R_TRIG CLK
Local Q
When a falling edge is detected on the input CLK , the output Q returns signal status 1
Falling edge Example
F_TRIG CLK
Local Q

SCL in STEP 7
Control operations – Overview
Control operations can be programmed easily using the code snippet!
Keyword Functionality
Program branching IF Program branching with Boolean Value
CASE Program branching with INT Value
Program loop FOR Program loop with run variable

(Abort possible)
WHILE Program loop with execution condition
REPEAT Program loop with abort condition
Loop aborts CONTINUE Abort current loop pass
EXIT Exit program loop
Block abort RETURN Exit the block

SCL in STEP 7
Program Branching - Syntax
IF Instruction Example of use
IF Condition_1 THEN
Statements_1;
ELSIF CONDITION_2 THEN STL
Statements_2;
ELSE
Last_Statements;
END_IF;
SCL

SCL in STEP 7
Program Branching - Syntax
Example of use
CASE- Instruction:
STL
CASE Selection_Variable OF
CONST_1: Statements;
…..
CONST_n: Statements;
…..
SCL
ELSE
Statements;
END_CASE;
Selection_Variable has data type

INT

SCL in STEP 7
Program loops- Syntax
FOR Loop
START_VAR, END_VAR
For START_VAR TO END_VAR BY STEP_WIDTH DO und
Statements; STEP_WIDTH can have
END_FOR; either Data type INT or
DINT
WHILE Loop REPEAT Loop
REPEAT
WHILE Condition DO Statements;
Statements; Condition has data type
UNTIL Condition; BOOL
END_WHILE; END_REPEAT;
For a better performance, Loop index should be from a 32 Bits data type.

SCL in STEP 7
Program loops- Syntax
Example of use
STL SCL
SCL
Symbolic Programming possible

SCL in STEP 7
Loops abort- Syntax
CONTINUE Instruction:
For i:= 0 TO 10 DO
After Continue, the control variable is
IF #Request THEN Continue;
incremented by the specified increment
END_IF;
immediately.
Buffer[#i] := #Value+#i;
END_FOR;
EXIT Instruction:
For i:= 0 TO 10 DO
Buffer[#i] := #Value+#i; Execution of the program is continued after the
IF #Error THEN EXIT; end of the loop (FOR Loop).
END_IF;
Further Statements…
END_FOR;

SCL in STEP 7
Loops abort- Syntax
GOTO Instruction(Example):
IF #Error THEN
GOTO MARKE ; GOTO causes an immediate jump to the specified
END_IF; label and therefore to a different statement within
Further Statements the same block.
MARKE:
#Status := W#16#8081;
RETURN Instruction (Example):
IF #Done THEN
RETURN exits the currently active block (OB, FB,
RETURN;
FC) and returns to the calling block
END_IF;
Further Statements

SCL in STEP 7
Block call
Input parameters are with := and output parameters with => typified.
STL SCL
FC without Return value
FC
FC with return value

SCL in STEP 7
Block call
Input parameters are with := and output parameters with => typified.
STL SCL
Calling FB as a single instance
FB Calling FB as a multi-instance

S7 - SCL
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Compile and test
Online view for blocks
Online – offline compare directly in the project tree

▪ Online connection to the PLC with
a single click
▪ Direct display of the operating mode
and diagnostic overview directly in Operating mode of the CPU
the project tree
Diagnostic information
▪ Online – offline compare of blocks
directly in the project tree
Offline = online block
Block exists only offline
Offline ≠ online block
Block exists only online

Compile and test
Testing SCL blocks S7-1500 S7-1200 S7-300/400/WinAC
Monitor column can be adjusted in width

Settings des Editors (S7-SCL V5.3)
and position
In case the loop is not executed:
Values have grey appearance
Collapsed: only result is shown
Expanded: all operands of a line are

visible
Clicking a line shows an additional

window with all referred operands

Compile and test
Watch table
Functions:
▪ Created in the folder
„Watch tables“
▪ Adding tags via Drag & Drop from:
▪ Data blocks Show / hide modify columns
▪ Tag tables
Modify tags
▪ Program blocks
Monitor all
Activate modify value

Compile and test
Breakpoints
Current Position 3
3. Activate breakpoints
1. Set breakpoint with double click or Only online possible/ Test modus will be automatically
right mouse click activated
S7-1500 S7-1200 S7-300/400/WinAC

Programming with SCL in STEP 7
Live demo
▪ Online view of the project tree
▪ Monitoring blocks
▪ Break points
▪ Watch tables
▪ Forcing of inputs and outputs

S7 - SCL
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Source files
Create source files
Easily create source code from a SCL block!
Create source code

from the block
My_program.SCL

Source files
Create source file: from several selected block
Creating a source code from several blocks
Create source code

from selected
blocks
My_program.SCL

Source files
Import external SCL Source files
External SCL source files can be easily imported into TIA Portal!
1 Import external
source file
Select .SCL File.
Also source files
from STEP 7 V5.x

Source files
Import external SCL Source files
From the imported SCL source file, blocks will be generated
3
Generate blocks from
source file
Blocks with similar

names will be
overwritten


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TIA Portal
S7 – Graph: Sequencer Programming
Unrestricted / © Siemens VN 2020

Exercise: S7-GRAPH sequence in TIA Portal
S7-GRAPH-sequence:
bottling plant for fruit juice
Action:
Step: transport for mixing Activate conveyer belt
(Output Q0.0)
Transition:
Mixer reached
(Input I0.0)
Action:
Step: Mixing Activate Mixer for 10s
(Output Q0.1)
Conveyer belt is empty
(I0.1) and step Mixing is
11s active
Action:
Step: Transport to „Bottling“ Activate conveyer belt
(Output Q0.2)
Bottling reached
(Input I0.2)

S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
2
2.2 Handling
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4
2.3 Elements
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2.4 Actions
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2.5 Compile and Test
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S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Handling
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2.3 Elements
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2.4 Actions
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Intuitive program development for
sequential functions with SFC (S7-GRAPH)
Sequential Function Chart (S7-
GRAPH) for sequential process
S1 flows
Transport Step
▪ Graphic program development
▪ Structured program design
▪ Up to 50% time savings*
T1 ▪ Process description
Transition
Trans ▪ Easily readable, easily understandable
▪ Describe time sequences
▪ Steps
S2 ▪ Transitions
Filling Step
▪ Integrated diagnostic functions, e.g. monitoring
maximum time for executing a step
▪ Certified according to PLCopen Base Level
* compared to programming with equal functions with LAD, FBD, STL

Basic components of S7-GRAPH
Definition
The actions to be executed are defined
S1 within the individual steps. There are
Transport Step
transitions between the steps. These contain
conditions for advancing to the next step.
T1 Step
Transition Steps consist of Actions which are carried
Trans
out when the step becomes active
Transition
S2 Transitions are located between the steps
Filling Step
and contain the conditions for advancing to
the next step

S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Handling
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2.3 Elements
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2.4 Actions
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Handling
Create a new S7-GRAPH block
Programming
Editor features
language
Favorite bar
Function block
Components of a new
S7-GRAPH block
Advantages:
▪ The S7-GRAPH block cannot be overwritten in the language STL unlike STEP 7 Classic!

Handling
Sequence views
Permanent pre- Alarm properties

instructions
Permanent post-
instructions
Sequence view
Single step

Handling
Permanent pre- and post-instructions
Permanent instructions allow you to create

program code that is executed before or Permanent pre-
instructions
after the sequencer is executed
Permanent post-
▪ In LAD or FBD instructions
▪ Maximum 32 LAD or
FBD instructions
▪ Maximum 250 pre-
and 250 post-
instructions

Handling
Sequence view (1)
The sequence view shows the structure of the

sequencer and enables to add the following Sequence view
elements to it
▪ Steps
▪ Transitions
▪ Jumps
▪ Branches
▪ Sequence ends
The sequence view is meant to be used for

general structuring of the sequence

Handling
Sequence view (2)
Advanced view of steps and transitions
Even in sequence view it is

possible to expand and edit
Advanced step view
▪ Steps
▪ Transitions
Without changing to single

step view
Advanced transition
view

Handling
Single step view
Provides the option of programming the following elements of a step
▪ Interlock
▪ Supervision
▪ Actions (step) Single Step
▪ Conditions (transition)
In the single step view it is not

possible to change the structure
of the sequence
It is possible to switch between

the steps by the navigation
pane

Handling
Alarms
Properties of the Interlock and

Supervision messages
Messages
▪ Activate messages
▪ Acknowledge necessary
▪ Alarm properties
▪ Messages can individually be

deactivated/activated

Interlock and Supervision:
Configure alarms
Activate alarms
Acknowledge at HMI
Alarm properties
Properties of
alarms
Select Supervision
or Interlock …
… open properties…
Generic alarm text
… add individual
alarm text
Handling
Alarms in HMI
Create Alarm classes
Choose alarm class
Activate alarm class

in HMI properties

S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Handling
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2.3 Elements
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2.4 Actions
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Step
Only actions of a active step Single step

will be processed
A step becomes active, if

▪ The preceding transition is
active and the conditions are
true
▪ It is a initial step and the
sequence was initialized
▪ It is called by an event-
dependent action
A step might be empty

Transition
A transition:
▪ contains the conditions for Transition

advancing to the next step
▪ only switches to the subsequent

steps when the conditions are
satisfied
▪ Might be empty – in this case it is

always “true”

Alternative branch
Exclusive OR branch
Add alternative
branch
▪ Consist of several parallel
branches
▪ Begins and end with a transition
▪ If the conditions of multiple

transitions are satisfied
simultaneously, the transition
farthest to the left has the highest
priority and the corresponding
branch is executed
▪ The other branches will not be
executed

Simultaneous branch
AND branch
▪ Consist of several parallel Add Simultaneous

branches branch
▪ Begins always with a step
▪ In a Simultaneous branch all

branches are active
▪ Branches that join together in a

transition will only advance to the
next step when all branches are
completely processed

Sequence end
A sequence end terminates the

sequencer of a
Sequence end
▪ Linear sequence
▪ Branch
A sequence end at a simultaneous

branch only terminates this branch

Jump
A jump
Jump
▪ Is the transit of a transition to any step
▪ within the sequence
▪ within a sequence of the same
function block
▪ Always behind a transition
▪ Terminates the sequence rather than

the branch
▪ Enables cyclic processing of the

sequencer

Instructions
Permanent instructions allow you

to create program code that is
executed before or after the Permanent pre-
sequencer is processed instructions
Permanent post-
The results can be used for instructions
several transitions in case of
often used conditions

S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
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2.2 Handling
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2.3 Elements
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2.4 Actions
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Actions
Actions consist of instructions for
process control
▪ Control Outputs, flags,

DB’s
▪ Activate/Deactivate other
steps of the sequencer
▪ Call functions and

function blocks

Actions
Actions consist of instructions

for process control
▪ Control Outputs, flags, DB’s
▪ Activate/Deactivate other steps of
the sequencer
▪ Call functions and function blocks
And consist of
▪ An interlock (optional)
▪ An event (optional)
▪ An identifier
▪ An operand, assignment or block
call

Actions
Identifier (standard actions)
Interlock Identifier Data type Meaning
Signal state of the operand is „true as long the step is active

[C] N BOOL, FB, FC, SFB, SFC
Specified block is called as long as the step is active
[C] S BOOL As soon as the step is active, the operand is set to “true”
[C] R BOOL As soon as the step is active, the operand is set to “false”
n seconds after the step activation, the operand is set to

[C] D BOOL “true" and remains at “true“ until deactivation of the step
Constant/TIME/DWORD
When the step is active, the operand is set to "1" for n

[C] L BOOL
seconds
Constant/TIME/DWORD

Actions
Identifier (special actions)
Interlock Event Identifier Data types Meaning

[C] A, L, R, S, V ON Step Activation of a step within the function block
[C] A, L, R, S, V OFF Step Deactivation of a step within the function block
CD, CS, CR, Counter – count down (D), set initial value (S), reset
[C] A, L, R, S, V Counter
CU counter (R) und count up (U)
Retentive on-delay (D), extended pulse (L) and stop
[C] A, L, R, S, V TD, TL, TR Timer
timer and reset (R)
TF Timer Off delay
When the "TL", "TD", and "TF" timers are used, you must specify the duration. Use the following
syntax for this:
<Duration> = IWy, QWy, MWy, LWy, DBWy, DIWy; tag of type S5TIME or WORD; S5T#Constant

Events
You have the option of linking an action with an event in order to make the execution of
the action dependent on certain conditions.
For actions with identifiers "D", "L", and "TF", the linking with events is not possible
Interlock Event Evaluation Description

-(C)- S1 Positive edge Step is activated
S0 Negative edge Step is deactivated
-(C)- V1 Positive edge Supervision condition is satisfied -> fault occurs
V0 Negative edge Supervision condition is no longer satisfied – fault is eliminated
L0 Positive edge Interlock condition is satisfied -> fault is eliminated
L1 Negative edge Interlock condition is not satisfied -> fault occurs
-(C)- A1 Positive edge Alarm is acknowledged
-(C)- A1 Positive edge Incoming registration

Event
Signal evaluation of a step
S5 N Step 5
Step5
S1 Step 5
S0 Step 5
T5 Step 6 S1 S0
active
Trans5
Step 6
Not active
CPU cycles
S6
Step6
Interlock Event Identifier Action

T8
S0 N %M0.0
Trans8
S1 N %M0.1
N %M0.2

Step transition
S5 N M0.0 Step 6 N
Step5 Step 6 S1
true
Step 5 N
Step 5 S0
T5
active
Trans5
Not active
CPU cycles
S6 N M1.0
Step6
true
During step transition are active:
T8 ▪ S0 of the predecessor
Trans8 ▪ S1 of the successor
▪ N of the successor

Interlock und Supervision: additional functions in a Step
Interlock function contains the logic for Alarm

the condition optional
Supervision function Alarm

is watching your steps optional
S2
Filling Step Within the steps, actions are formulated
Optional: Action will be only executed, if the
interlock condition is true.

Interlock
An interlock is used to program

conditions on which the execution of the
individual actions depends
If the interlock condition is true all linked

actions are executed
If the interlock condition is not satisfied, a

fault exists:
▪ with C linked action are not executed
▪ Interlock fault is reported (event L1)
▪ does not affect the advancement to the next
step

Supervision
A supervision is a programmable
condition to monitor a step
If the supervision condition is satisfied

▪ A fault exists (event V1)
▪ The step remains active

▪ The following transition is not
evaluated
▪ The step concerned stays active
▪ Step activation time <step name>.U

is stopped

S7-GRAPH
2.1 Introduction
2
2.2 Handling
3
4
2.3 Elements
5
2.4 Actions
5
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Properties of the S7-GRAPH Editor and Compiler
Preferences understandable and well arranged in comparison to S7-GRAPH V5.x

S7-GRAPH V5.3
S7-GRAPH in STEP 7 Prof
Preferences for
Interface and DB
Compile in S7-300/400
and WinAC
automatically by
standard FC72/73

Test of a S7-GRAPH sequence

S7-GRAPH in STEP 7 Prof
S7-GRAPH V5.3
Semiautomatic Taskcard
„Testing“
Step mode
Manual mode

Active step
Transition satisfied
Synchronized step
Preferences for
synchronization
Before activation:
mark step
Monitoring
Track active step
Actions
Further test
properties
Transition

Interlock and supervision: well arranged Online view
Supervision
triggered
Interlock triggered


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Exercise: S7-GRAPH sequence in TIA Portal
S7-GRAPH-sequence:
bottling plant for fruit juice
Action:
Step: transport for mixing Activate conveyer belt
(Output Q0.0)
Transition:
Mixer reached
(Input I0.0)
Action:
Step: Mixing Activate Mixer for 10s
(Output Q0.1)
Conveyer belt is empty
(I0.1) and step Mixing is
11s active
Action:
Step: Transport to „Bottling“ Activate conveyer belt
(Output Q0.2)
Bottling reached
(Input I0.2)


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Thank you for your attention!
With best regards,

Tran Van Hieu
SITRAIN Manager
Digital Industries, Siemens Vietnam
33 Le Duan, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tel: +84 (0) 911 585 115
Email: tran-van.hieu@siemens.com
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this document only contains general descriptions and/or performance features which may
not always specifically reflect those described, or which may undergo modification in the course of further development of the products. The requested
performance features are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.
All product designations, product names, etc. may contain trademarks or other rights of Siemens AG, its affiliated companies or third parties.
Their unauthorized use may infringe the rights of the respective owner.
siemens.com

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How do you program the

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020

1 Overview S7 Programming language

2 SIMATIC Programming with S7-SCL

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020

1 Overview S7 Programming language

2 SIMATIC Programming with S7-SCL

Unrestricted © Siemens 2020