Q1Answers

1. He had left before I reached his place.

2. The young widow always wears white clothes.

3. I have decided to quit my job. (We use the present perfect tense for announcing news.)

4. I will never forget what you just told me.

5. I called him and he came at once.

6. When we reached the station, the train had already left.

7. The tomatoes were picked when they were ripe.

8. The national anthem was sung after the performance.

9. The criminals have been arrested.

10. Many people were killed in the explosion.

Q2. Answers

1. He covered the distance in a record time.

2. After the visitor had gone I went into the kitchen.

3. Are the animals being hunted by the tourists?

4. Nobody has been helped by her.

5. We shall not have betrayed our country.

6. I received your letter yesterday.

7. Where have you been all this while?

8. It takes two to make a quarrel.

9. The thieves were caught red-handed.

10. The Chennai-Delhi flight was delayed by three hours due to a bomb scare.

Q3. Answers
1. He thinks he is above playing with us.

2. She earns two pounds an hour.

3. The plants died in the absence of water.

4. He speaks English with an Irish accent.

5. The cold weather affects my health. (simple present) / The cold weather affected my health.
(simple past)

6. They do not quarrel; they always agree.

7. Fatty foods do not agree with me.

8. The teacher allowed them an hour for their painting.

9. Smoking is not allowed.

10. The twins look alike.

11. You alone know my secrets.

12. He divided his fortune amongst his three children.

Q4. Answers

1. Toys were lying about the room.

2. Astrophysics is above me. It is too difficult for me.

3. There were about twenty children in the class.

4. I live across the street. (I live on the other side of the street.)

5. He walked across the bridge. (= He walked from one side of the bridge to the other.)

6. He came in after you.

7. The ladder was standing against the wall.

8. The waves beat against the cliffs.

9. He aimed the ball at the stumps.

10. She applied the plaster to the cut.

Q5. Answers
1. You are still under 18, so you can't watch that film.

2. There is a cat under / underneath the cot.

3. Besides philosophy, we have to learn psychology and literature.

4. I didn't like that gown; besides, it is too expensive.

5. A lot of businesses are going under because of the financial crisis.

6. Who is that pretty girl sitting beside Raghu?

7. The car is parked in front of the school.

8. The murder took place right before my eyes.

9. I saw her running along the road.

10. She was silent all through the journey.

Q6. Suggested solution

Ravi: Hi Karan, how’re you doing?

Karan: Fine, thank you. And you?

Ravi: Oh, I’m good. Thanks.

Karan: What terrible weather! It hasn’t stopped raining for days.

Ravi: Yes, terrible. If it continues to rain like this, we’ll have to swim to work.

Karan: You’re right. Well, I must be going. See you later.

Ravi: Bye. Take care.

Q7. Answers

1. I congratulated Aditi who won the first prize.

2. Julius Ceasar, who arrived in Britain in 55 BC, was a powerful Roman General. OR Julius
Ceasar, who was a powerful Roman General, arrived in Britain in 55 BC.
3. My brother who lives in Mumbai is an engineer. OR My brother who is an engineer lives in
Mumbai.

4. The boy who was injured in the accident is my brother.

5. The man who lives next door is very friendly.

6. The cuckoo which is too lazy to hatch its eggs lays them in the crow’s nest.

7. My uncle, who works in Kolkata, has sent me a laptop.

8. This is Aswathi who dances very well.

9. Mark, who is an old friend of mine, visited me yesterday. OR Mark, who visited me
yesterday, is an old friend of mine.

10. The teacher punished the boy who was looking away while the lesson was going on.

Q8. Answers
1. Though he is very old he enjoys good health. / He enjoys good health although he is very old.
(Note that though and although are interchangeable.)

2. Though he was very tired, he completed the work.

3. Though the constable ran as fast as he could, he could not catch the thief.

4. Although the doctors gave her the best medical care, they could not save her.

5. Though Raju left home early, he was late for school.

6. Although Maya had the required qualifications, she did not get the job.

7. Although I had some money on me, I didn't buy anything.

8. Though our cricket team played well, they lost the match.

9. Although he was annoyed, he didn't say anything. / He didn't say anything though he was
annoyed.

10. Though she is rich and famous she is unhappy. / She is unhappy though she is rich and
famous.

Notes
When a subordinate clause comes at the beginning of the sentence, we usually separate it from
the main clause with a comma.

Q9.

Answers

1. Alice decided to get some rest because she was tired. (Subordinating conjunction)

2. Unless he mends his ways, he will be in trouble. (Subordinating conjunction)

3. He took out his pen and started writing. (Coordinating conjunction)

4. She was ill but she went to work. (Coordinating conjunction)

5. Jack or James has to go. (Coordinating conjunction)

6. Be just and fear not. (Coordinating conjunction)

7. I ran fast but I could not overtake him. (Coordinating conjunction)

8. Although he was strong he could not defeat his opponent. (Subordinating conjunction)

9. As she was unwell, I advised her to get some rest. (Subordinating conjunction)

10. He asked whether he could take a day off. (Subordinating conjunction)

Q10 Answers

1. God made the country and man made the town.

2. She must cry, or she will die.

3. He is poor but he is honest.

4. Either take it or leave it.

5. He is neither intelligent nor hard working.

6. I don’t care whether you stay or leave.

7. He is not only foolish, but also obstinate.

8. All precautions must have been neglected, for the epidemic spread violently.

9. Though / although he possessed all the qualifications, he did not get the job.
10. He was crying because the teacher had punished him.