COMPOUND SENTENCES

Coordinate conjunctions:
1. Addition: and, nor, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also), as well/too, as well as; (adverbials)
moreover, further, furthermore, in addition,
2. Disjunctive: or (else), otherwise, either ... or, or at least
3. Adversative: but, only, rather, still, yet; (adverbials) however, nevertheless, after all, on the
other hand, on the contrary
4. Causal: for
5. Resultative: therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, so, then, thus

Correlative pairs:

She both washed the dishes and put them away.

They either sleep or watch TV.

Notice the inversion in the following sentences:

That wasn’t Steve. He neither has long hair nor is he tall/ nor does he wear jeans.
Steve hasn’t got long hair, neither is he tall/ neither does he wear jeans.

He not only disliked the new rules, but also criticized them severely.
Not only did he dislike the new rules, but also criticized them severely.

 What are the implications of AND in the following sentences? Write the appropriate adverb.
1. He heard an explosion and __________ phoned the police.
2. She washed the dishes and __________ dried them.
3. Steve is secretive and __________ Martin is candid.
4. They dislike Bob and __________ that is not surprising.
5. He tried hard and _________ he failed.
6. He has long hair and _________ he wears jeans.

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COORDINATIVE CLAUSES - Exercises

I. SEMANTIC IMPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION

Explain the semantic relationship between the two coordinative clauses in each of the following
sentences and make the relationship explicit by adding the adverbials:

1. I often see men who went to school with me and who have done well for themselves.
2. I am a professional man of letters and a computer is essential to my work.
3. These sharks are very dangerous, but they have never attacked me so far.
4. Let go of me or I will scream.
5. A coral reef is a flower garden of stone, and it is filled with the most colorful varieties of life.
6. Another prospect remains to be considered and that is a combination of bridge and tube or
tunnel.
7. Man is the only animal that tortures its own species for amusement; and during much of his
evolution he has been busily engaged in ruining his own habitat.
8. People either envy me for not having a telephone, or they regard me as eccentric.
9. At noon the sun blazes down with relentless fury, but during the long nights the cold is intense.
10. Further research will probably enable us to decide between the two theories, but this is not the
same as solving ‘the mystery of the creation’.
11. Mankind has made unprecedented progress during the twentieth century, in many ways, but
something has seriously gone wrong.
12. I have a bad cold and I shouldn’t go out.

II. Combine the sentences with one of the coordinative adverbials: MOREOVER, IN ADDITION TO,
BESIDES, OTHERWISE, HOWEVER, STILL, NEVERTHELESS, ON THE OTHER HAND, THEREFORE,
CONSEQUENTLY, ACCORDINGLY.

1. Mr. Smith is an intelligent and stimulating teacher. He takes care of the personal wellbeing of
his students.
2. We must all eat the proper food. If we don’t we’ll get sick.
3. There are many people who like to buy on the installment plan. I prefer to buy for cash.
4. There is very little rain in this region. We often have crop failures.
5. Jim’s mother doesn’t like animals in the house. She has refused to get a dog.
6. Recreation is good for everyone. As in all things, we must observe the golden mean.
7. You must get the license right away. If you don’t, you’ll have to pay a fine.
8. I don’t feel like going to the movies. It’s already too late.
9. The weather has been extremely cold all winter. They are going to Miami Beach to get some
sunshine.
10. I gave him instructions not to send the letter. I’m sorry I told him to do that.
11. He seems to be a very intelligent and able man. I don’t think he is suited for this particular job.

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III. CORRELATIVES
Combine the sentences using: both ...and, either ... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but also.

1. Sometimes my old school friends nod a quick greeting and walk when they see me. Sometimes
they avert their eyes to a shop window.
2. George shouted a friendly greeting to me. Then he came over and shook my hand.
3. The fire destroyed St. Paul’s Cathedral. It also destroyed the Guildhall.
4. The primitive fire engines had no effect on the conflagration. Furthermore, pulling down half-
timbered buildings in the path of the fire had no result whatsoever.
5. In 1666 fire-fighters set up fire-posts with communications between them. The same thing was
done in 1940.
6. The city was not abandoned after the fire of 1666. It was not abandoned after the fires in 1940.
7. I have given up using a telephone. What is more, I have given my computer away.
8. I have no objection to other people driving cars. I refuse to drive one myself.
9. If a shark comes towards you, you must not show fear. You must not dart away when one comes
into view either.

IV. SUBSTITUTION
Use the word in parenthesis to make a short statement of agreement (give both forms of
agreement). Follow the example and pay attention if the sentence is positive or negative.
a. The walls are painted purple. (the ceiling)
The walls are painted purple and the ceiling is too.
The walls are painted purple and so is the ceiling.
b. The geometry books haven’t arrived. (the algebra books)
The geometry books haven’t arrived, and the algebra books haven’t either.
The geometry books haven’t arrived, and neither have the algebra books.
1. Your sister called today. (your brother)
2. Mary finished her homework early. (Jane)
3. The rugs haven’t been cleaned. (the curtains)
4. My country wants peace. (all the other countries)
5. Their car won’t start in the cold. (ours)
6. The students enjoyed the party. (the teacher)
7. Jane danced very gracefully. (her sister)
8. I’ve never read that book. (my friend)
9. That apple isn’t ripe. (this apple)
10. We don’t need any help. (they)