CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Type 0: Dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, dữ kiện khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất
định.
If present simple, present simple (câu mệnh lệnh).
E.g. - If you heat ice, it turns into water.
- If there is a shortage of any products, prices of that product go up.
2. Type 1: Diễn tả hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
If present simple, future simple.
E.g. - If he runs, he will get there on time.
- The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
Dạng biến thể, dạng đặc biệt:

may
:khả năng

 If present simple,
{
might
can
may
must
should
:cho phép

: khuyên bảo

o If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted.

o If you finish your homework, you can go out.
o If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread.
 If present continuous, simple future: Nhấn mạnh hành động diễn ra ở hiện tại.
o If you are looking for Peter, you will find him upstairs.

 If present perfect, {simple future

may /might
: Nhấn mạnh hành động đã kết thúc/ hoàn thành trước một hành động

khác.
o If you have finished, you may go out.

3. Type 2: Không có thật ở hiện tại

If past simple (to be  were), would/could/should/may/might + V.

E.g. – If I had a map, I would lend it to you. = Were I to have a map, I would lend it to you.

= If I were to have a map, I would lend it to you.

- If I were you, I would plant around the house. = Were I you, I would plant around the house.

4. Type 3: Không có thật ở quá khứ

 If past perfect, would/could/should/might + have PII.

E.g. – If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.

 Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened.

5. Mixed conditions: If (2), (3). / If (3), (2).

E.g. – If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I would have prepared more food. If (2), (3).

- If I had caught that plane last night, I would be dead now. If (3), (2).

Một số loại câu điều kiện khác:

1. Otherwise: Nếu không thì (II, III).

- My father pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be here.  If my father didn’t pay the fee, I wouldn’t be here.

- My teacher helped me, otherwise I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

 If my teacher hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
2. Without = But for + Noun (Noun phrases)

- If it were not the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.  Without/But for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.

- If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.  Without his help, I wouldn’t have passed
the exam.

3. Unless + clause = If not: Trừ khi, nếu không (I)

- Don’t call me unless you need help.  If you don’t need help, don’t call me.

4. Đảo ngữ

a. If it weren’t for = Were it not for: Nếu không phải do (II)

- If it were not the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.  Were it not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.

b. If it hadn’t been for = Had it not been for: Nếu không phải do (III)

- If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.  Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have
passed the exam.

5. Provided that = Supposed that = If (I, II)

- Provided that it is sunny, shall we go out?

6. As long as/ So long as: miễn là, với điều kiện là

- I’ll lend you some money as long as you pay me back by Friday.

7. If only = wish + clause: giá như

8. Or/ or else: Nếu không thì

- Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school.  If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school.

9. In case + clause: phòng khi: Bring umbrella in case it rains.

- In case of + N: trong trường hợp: In case of emergency, call 115.

10. Even if: ngay cả nếu

11. Only if: chỉ nếu

12. Wonder if: phân vân liệu