Conditionals

Listen and repeat. Then act out.

If he hadn't been so naughty, If I were older, I would take
Dad wouldn't have shouted at him. m~~!i~S~~~hi'f!1m to the zoo myself.

if-clause (hypothesis) Main clause (result) Use

general if / when + Present Present Simple something which is
truth Simple always true, laws of
nature

If you heat ice, it melts.

Type 1 if-clause (hypothesis) Main clause (result) Use

real if + Present Simple Future, Imperative real or very probable
present unless (= if not) can / must / may + situation in the present
II
bare infinitive or future

If he comes late, we'll miss the bus.

If you can't afford it, don't buy it. = Unless you can afford it, don't buy it.
If you see her, can you give her a message?

Type 2 if-clause (hypothesis) Main clause (result) Use

unreal if + Past Simple would / could / might + improbable situation in
present bare infinitive the present or future;
also used to give advice

If I were you , I would see a doctor. (advice)

If I had money, I could buy a new car. (But I don 't have enough money to buy one.) (improbable situation)

Type 3 if-clause (hypothesis) Main clause (result) Use

unreal ,if + Past Perfect would / could / might + unreal or improbable
past have + past participle situation in the past;
also used to express
regret and criticism
If you hadn't been rude, he wouldn't have punished you. (But you were rude and he punished you.) (criticis

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 Conditionals

Study the following notes:

• We put a comma after the if-clause when
it comes first.
If we go by plane, it will be more expensive.
It will be more expensive if we go by plane.
• Unless means if not.
We'll go for a picnic unless it rains.
We'll go for a picnic if it doesn't rain.
• After if, we can use were instead of was
in all persons.
If I were you, I wouldn't spend so much money.
• We do not usually use will , would
or should in an if-clause.
If we take a taxi, we won't be late.
NOT If we will take a taxi, we won't be late.
However, we use should after if
when we are not sure about a
possibility.
If I see him, I'll give it to him. (Perhaps I
will see him.)
If I should see him, I'll give it to him.
(Perhaps I'll see him but I'm not sure.)

Match the following parts of the sentences.

If it's sunny tomorrow, A we'll make a snowman. . .. D....
,
2 If John doesn't hurry, B she'll have to take a taxi. 2 ........
3 If it snows, C he'll be late. 3 .......
4 If there are no buses, D we'll go on a picnic. 4 ........

Write type 1 conditionals.

1 (eat/put on weight) 2 (not work hard/lose job) 3 (rain/stay at home)

.If. be. eatf;5. f;5o. ...... .
.mLJ(;h.. .be. WoW.put .. .
•Qt;!. w~ig.ht ......... .

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Add a comma where
necessary.
If the dog ....... ~(:~.p.f7 ........ (keep) 4 If the weather is bad on Saturday we ....•
barking, the neighbours will complain. . ...................... (stay) at home.
2 The teacher ..................... (be) 5 You should see a doctor if you ......... .
angry if you come late for school again. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • • . . . .. (not/feel) well.
3 If I ........................ (finish) my 6 If you study hard you ..............•...
homework early I'll go out with my friends. . ..•.•...•...••••... (pass) your exam.

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 Conditionals

Fill in: unless or if.

. . . . . . . . If ........ you make so much 5 We'll miss the bus .....••••..••••••• we

noise, I won 't be able to sleep.
2 You won 't understand ••••..........•...
you listen carefully.
3 I won't be able to finish the work
.••••.••..•...... you help me.
4 ................ you're hungry, I'll make-
you a sandwich.
hurry.
6 They won't be able to buy a house
• . • • • • • • • • • • . . . .• they save money.
7 I'll tell you •••.•....•••.•....• you get
any messages.
8 I'll come with you to the dentist's
................. you want to go alone.

Match the items in column A with those in column B in order to make

correct type 0 conditional sentences as in the example:

..1.-e. .... if. I .w.fJ~n. ¥/J.lJ .drop. a .£7 ton t; .in w~te.r; . t:b~. ;3.t.Qt:Je. f3.ink£7 .............. .

1 Drop a stone in water. a The water boils.

2 Pour oil on water. b The ball falls to the ground.
3 Heat water to 100°C. c The chocolate melts.
4 Mix blue and yellow. d The food stays fresh longer.
5 Throw a ball into the air. e The stone sinks.
/I 6 Heat chocolate. f The water becomes ice.
7 Freeze water. g You get green.
8 Put food in the fridge. h It floats.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1 A: I must be at the airport by 9:00 am. 3 A: I need some help with the housework.
B: Well, if you .d.Qr,J :t. k~v.tt . (not/leave) B: Well, if you ...................... ..
right away, you ..•• YljI} .m,i;;.fi . .... . (hoover) the carpets, I ............ ..
(miss) your flight. ................... (make) the beds.

2 A: How long will you stay in Europe? 4 A: How can I print this information?
B: I ................... (not/stay) long B: I .•........................ (show)
unless I ..................... (find) you if you ................... (wait)
a summer job. a few minutes.

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 Conditionals
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Pat is feeling unhappy. If she 1) • •j Qin(:d. .... (join) an after school club, she
2) . • . • • • . • • • • • • • • . •• (make) more friends. Pat 3) .. .. .. • • • . . .. . . ... (enjoy)
herself if she 4) ..•..•.••..•..... (go) out more. Her school marks are suffering,
too. If she 5) .................. (study) more, she 6) ................... .
(have) better marks and she 7) ..••.•••••.•.••..••••••• (get) into university.
Also, she doesn't exercise much. She 8) ......................... (feel)
healthier if she 9) •• .. .. • • .. • .. .. • • . .. .. . ... (walk) to school and she
10) ............................... (have) more energy if she
11) ........•••.••..•..•. (add) vegetables to her diet.

What would you do in each situation? Write type 2 conditionals.

call an ambulance run away try to catch it ,

GomplaiR to the maRager ring the police walk to the nearest garage

You find a fly in your 2 You see a burglar 3 You see a mouse in your
soup . breaking into your house. kitchen.

.If.l.talJfJdJJ fJ:j jfJ .my..... .

.~Q/)p.l.wQU ld coroplqin. .. .
.tQ .t.h~ ro~na.g.~r; ........ .
4 Your car runs out of 5 You see an accident. 6 You see a ghost in your
petrol. room.

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 Conditionals

Advise Mei what to do in each situation.

• get / haircut • go / dentist • take / break

• clean I gla&&e& • buy / burger • put on / jumper

M: I can't see a thing. 2 M: I'm tired. 3 M: I'm hungry.

Y: .If.l.IY(3r(3.Y9VJ.I(;i .••. Y: .•..•••.•.••.•..•..• Y: ....••.••.•..•••••••
•C(I(3~t1 .f11Y. •••..•.••.
.gI~s.;?(3P'.••••.•.••••
I '

4 M: I'm really cold . 5 M: My hair's a mess. 6 M: I've got a toothache.

• Y: •••••.•.••••.•.•.••• Y: •.•.•••..•.•••••.••• Y: .•••...••••••..••••.

Match the parts of the sentences.

1 If I hadn't missed the bus, A he would have gone to university. 1 •.. .C? ..
2 If she hadn't felt ill this morning, B the dog wouldn 't have got out. 2 ........
3 If the food hadn't been awful, C Chris wouldn't have given me flowers. 3 ........
4 If he had passed his exams, D she would have gone to school. 4 ........
5 If the salary had been good, E I would have accepted the job. 5 ........
6 If it hadn't been my birthday, F he would have been able to buy a car. 6 ........
7 If Ben had saved some money, G I wouldn't have been late for work. 7 I •••••••

a If Katia had closed the gate, H we would have eaten it. a ........

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