The Havasupai Indians were nomads who lived in the southwestern United States.

They traditionally spent their springs and summers in the Grand Canyon, growing
corn, beans, and squash.
In the fall, they left the canyon for the plateaus, where they hunted. The Havasupai
still dwell in the Canyon, just west of the national park. However, now only about
450 of the Havasupai live there—a small remnant of the original tribe. Many of the
tribe members live in towns and cities away from their valley in order to earn a living.
The Havasupai population is actually rebounding, and the Havasupai have entered
the new millennium ready to protect the land they’ve always considered sacred.
Unfortunately, the natural beauty of their landscape is being threatened by the ever-
growing tourism industry. About five million people visit the Grand Canyon each
year, and the high level of tourist traffic in the Grand Canyon is having devastating
effects on the land. The Havasupai hope to preserve the magnificence of their
homeland.
CONTEXT CLUES: Read the following paragraph. Then, for each question, circle
the letter of the answer that best matches the meaning of the word in bold.

1. nomads
A. people who settle in canyons B. people who only eat vegetables
C. people who live near rivers or streams D. people who move from place to
place
2. dwell
A. hunt B. live C. grow D. eat
3. remnant
A. memory B. evidence C. portion D. prediction
4. rebounding
A. returning to their homeland B. increasing
C. becoming widely known D. spreading to other areas
5. devastating
A. highly destructive B. barely noticeable
C. much sought-after D. somewhat beneficial
6. magnificence
A. history B. tourism C. pollution D. splendor

DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH (for WH-, Yes/No and alternative questions)
A. Select from the given choices the correct transformation of the following sentence
to indirect speech.
1. "What are they doing?" she asks.
a. She asks what are they doing. c. She asks what they were doing.
b. She asks what they are doing. d. She asks if they were doing it.
2. "Are you going to the cinema or to the concert?" Robin asked me.
a. Robin asked me if I am going to the cinema or to the concert.
b. Robin asked me if I was going to the cinema or to the concert.
c. Robin asked me whether I am going to the cinema or to the concert.
d. Robin asked me whether I was going to the cinema or to the concert.
3. The teacher asked, "Why are you crying?"
a. The teacher asked why I was crying.
b. The teacher asked why I am crying.
c. The teacher asked if I was crying.
d. The teacher asked whether I was crying.
4. "How do you know that?" Vina asked me.
a. Vina asked me how I knew that. c. Vina asked me if I knew that.
b. Vina asked me how I know that. d. Vina asked me whether I knew
that.
5. "Has Charon talked to Renzow?" my friend asked me.
a. My friend asked me has Charon talked to Renzow.
b. My friend asked me had Charon talked to Renzow.
c. My friend asked me whether Charon had talked to Renzow.
d. My friend asked me if Charon had talked to Renzow.

B. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and
tenses.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" Roxanne asked.
Roxanne asked ____________________________________________________.
2. "How are you?" Zedric asked us.
Zedric asked us ____________________________________________________.
3. Joko asked, "Do I have to do it?"
Joko asked ________________________________________________________.
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter ________________________________________.
5. "Which dress do you like best?" Roella asked her boyfriend.
Roella asked her boyfriend ___________________________________________.

C. Complete the sentences in direct speech. Note the change of pronouns and
tenses.
1. Mary Jane asks whether I want coffee or tea.
Mary Jane asks, “__________________________________________________?”
2. Andrew asked who that beautiful girl was.
Andrew asked, “__________________________________________________?”
3. Arnold inquired if the travel fees were expensive.
Arnold inquired, __________________________________________________?”
4. Glory May asked me if I had ever been to Mindanao.
Glory May asked me, “_____________________________________________?”