Chapter 1.3

DAC 12503
MECHANIC OF MATERIALS
Diploma Study Center
University Tun Hussein Onn
SEM 2 20202021
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

UNIT 1.3 NORMAL, SHEAR, BEARING AND PUNCHING STRESS
TYPES OF STRESS
STRESS CAN BE CLASSIFY AS:

1. NORMAL STRESS
2. SHEAR STRESS
DEPANDING ON THE DIRECTION OF
FORCE APPLIED WITH RESPECT TO
THE SURFACE AREA.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

TYPES OF STRESS
Stress
σ = P/A τ = V/A
Normal Shear
σ τ
Compressiv
Tensile Bearing Direct Punching
e
Single Double
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
WHEN FORCE ACTS IN NORMAL
(PERPENDICULAR) DIRECTION TO THE SURFACE.
SYMBOL FOR NORMAL STRESS IS SIGMA ( σ )

UNIT FOR σ IS Pascal (Pa)
1 Pascal = 1 N/m2 , kN/m2 ,MN/m2 ,GN/m2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
3 SUB TYPES FOR NORMAL STRESS

1. TENSILE
2. COMPRESSIVE σ = P/A
3. BEARING
Normal
Compr
Tensile Bearing
essive
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
TENSILE
WHEN FORCE ACTS OUTWARD (AWAY) FROM

NORMAL SURFACE:
NORMAL TENSILE STRESS
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
COMPRESSIVE
WHEN FORCE ACTS INWARD TO THE NORMAL
SURFACE:
NORMAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS BEARING

Bearing stress – Due to the
pressure between two rigid
bodies.
- The pressure occurs at the
surface or area of contact
between the bolt and the plate
- The area of pressure is the
projected area of contact (curve
part)
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS BEARING 1
FORCE ACT AT NORMAL DIRECTION WITH AREA (A)

AND
THERE ARE 2 DIFFERENT SURFACES IN CONTACT.
F
Contact area
between Column Area is equal to
Column
and Pad Footing Column cross

sectional area
Pad Footing
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
BEARING 1
Example
GIVEN:
F = 10 N and the dimension of the column is 1000 mm (L) x 20 mm (b) x 20 mm
(w):
Determine the bearing stress value.
Bearing stress ( σ ) = Force/Area
10 N Area = contact between column and pad footing.
20 mm
20 mm
Column
1000 mm
Pad Footing
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


TOP VIEW
Force act at normal direction with area (A), AND
there are 2 different surfaces in contact.
200 mm
CONTACT AREA
50 mm F
50 mm 50 mm
F
L=
200 mm
15
00
m
m
20
0
50 mm
m
m
10 mm
SIDE VIEW
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

TOP VIEW
Force act at normal direction with area (A), AND
200 mm
CONTACT AREA IS
EQUAL TP
PROJECTED AREA
m
m
50
F
D=
F 50 mm
200 mm
L=
15
D=50 mm
20
00
0
SIDE VIEW
m
m
m
m
10 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
Example
GIVEN:
P = 10 N act on a prismatic square rod with dimension of 1500 mm (L) x 50 mm (b)
x 50 mm (w): The rod is resting on a plate with dimension of 200 mm (L) x 200 mm
(w) x 10 mm (t)
50 mm
50 mm P =10 N
L=
15
00
m
m
200 mm
10 mm
200 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
Example
BEARING STRESS (σ)
= Force/Projected area
50 mm
= 10 Pascal
200 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
Example
GIVEN:
P = 10 N act on a circular rod with dimension of 1500 mm (L) x 50 mm diameter. The
rod is resting on a plate with dimension of 200 mm (L) x 200 mm (w) x 10 mm (t)
P =10 N
L=
15
00
m
m
200 mm
10 mm
200 mm
D=50 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS
BEARING STRESS (σ)

= Force/Projected area
= 10 Pascal
50 mm
200 mm
TOP VIEW
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
NORMAL STRESS
SIGN CONVENTION
+ve ARROW POINTING -ve ARROW POINTING

OUT IN
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
GRASS SHEAR
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
WHEN FORCE ACTS IN TANGENTIAL (PARALLEL)
DIRECTION TO THE SURFACE.
V is a common symbol use for internal SHEAR FORCE.

As is common symbol use to denote shear area.
As V
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS
Symbol for shear stress is tau ( τ )
Unit for ( τ ) is Pascal (Pa)
As V
1 Pascal = 1 N/m2 , kN/m2 ,MN/m2 ,GN/m2

1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
WHERE CAN WE FIND SHEAR STRESS
Consider a prismatic block
supported on two side and acted
by a force F
If AC is short, the external force F
is resist internally by internal
forces V on surface AB and CD as
show
On each surface area, stress
developed due to present of
internal forces V
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
WHERE CAN WE FIND SHEAR STRESS
FBD
APPLIED EXTERNAL
FORCE F
Surface Area
INTERNAL REACTION
INTERNAL REACTION
As FORCE V
FORCE V
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

Two plates are joint together using a single bolt and force of P =
2,000 N is applied to both end.
Diameter of the connector bolt is = 20 mm
Find shear stress in bolt.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


P SIDE VIEW
P
FBD TOP
V
INTERNAL FORCE
V
FBD BOTTOM
P
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

INTERNAL FBD INTERNAL FBD

TOP BOTTOM
2000N 2000N
V
OR
V
2000N
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Two plates are joint together using glue and force of F = 2,000 N
is applied to both end.
The surface area of the glue is known to be 400 mm2
Find shear stress on the glue.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

F
Side View
F
V
F
FBD OF BOTTOM PLATE
F
V
Top View
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

FBD OF BOTTOM PLATE

V
F
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - DOUBLE
1 SURFACE AREA
P
WHEN THERE ARE

2 SURFACE
INVOLVE
P/2
P
P/2
2 SURFACE AREA
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Double lap joint
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Single lap joint

Double lap joint
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
Force act at parallel direction with area
(A)
AND
PUNCHING SHEAR
STRESS: AREA = RED
Force is parallel with
F surface area
BEARING NORMAL
STRESS: AREA = GREY
Force is perpendicular with
surface
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
Force act at parallel direction with area (A)
AND
Contact area are

between Column
Column
perimeter and
thickness of Pad
Footing
Pad Footing
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
GIVEN:
F = 10 N and the dimension of the column is 1000 mm (L) x 20 mm (b) x 20 mm
(w):
Thickness of Pad Footing is 30 mm
Determine the punching stress value.
Punching stress ( σ ) = Force/Area

10 N Area = Perimeter of column x thickness of
20 mm
footing
20 mm
Column
1000 mm
Pad Footing
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
Force act at parallel direction with area (A), AND
W=50 mm
D=50 mm
F
F
H=50 mm
L=1500 mm
L=150 mm
200 mm
200 mm
10 mm
10 mm 200 mm
200 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

PUNCHIN
SHEAR STRESS G
Force act at parallel direction with area (A), AND
SIDE VIEW
F F
W=50 mm
CONTACT AREA D=50 mm
Thickness=10 mm Thickness=10 mm
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS
SIGN CONVENTION
y
+ve Y FACE
+ve X FACE
x
-ve X FACE
z
CONVENTION FOR AREA

(FACE) -ve Y FACE
Positive faces: outward normal direction is in the positive direction of a coordinate axis.
Negative faces: the opposite faces
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
SIGN CONVENTION CONVENTION FOR
+ve
+ve Y FACE POSITIVE SHEAR STRESS:
+ve X FACE
y
-ve X FACE
-ve Y FACE
on a positive face,
x
acts in the positive on a negative face, acts in
direction of one z the negative direction of one
of the coordinate of the coordinate axes.
axes.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503
SHEAR STRESS
SIGN CONVENTION
+ve Y FACE CONVENTION FOR

-ve
NEGATIVE SHEAR STRESS:
+ve X FACE
y
-ve X FACE
-ve Y FACE
on a positive face, acts
in the negative x on a negative face, acts in
direction of one z the positive direction of one
of the coordinate axes. of the coordinate axes.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS
SIGN CONVENTION
POSITIVE SHEAR STRESS: NEGETIVE SHEAR STRESS:
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS ON OBLIQUE PLANE

AXIAL FORCE SOMETIMES WILL PRODUCE SHEAR STRESS
ESPECIALLY ON OBLIQUE PLANE
P
P
PARALLEL PLANE
P P
NORMAL PLANE
OBLIQUE PLANE
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


FAILURE SURFACE IS INCLINED
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


NORMAL - DONE
SHEAR- DONE
OBLIQUE- ?
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


F F
θ
F F
θ
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


IF NORMAL AREA IS (A) , THEN OBLIQUE AREA (As) WILL BE:
F As
F A
θ T
θ
NORMAL AREA (A) OBLIQUE AREA (As)

As
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


θ
F F
T θ
θ
T N
MJK CeDS DAC 12503


θ T
θ
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 1
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 1
V V
100 N
V V
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 1
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
PLATE
COUPLING
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
50 kN 25 kN
25 kN
25 kN
50 kN
25 kN
V=25 kN
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
50 kN 25 kN
25 kN
50 kN 25 kN
25 kN
V=25 kN
50 kN
V=25 kN
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 2
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 3
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 3
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 4
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 4
Single shear area: ∴ Shearing stress:

1
Tensile Stress 2
Plate 1: Critical area is at a-a,
Tensile stress,
Plate 2: Critical area is at a-a,
Tensile stress,
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE 4
Bearing Stress 3
Plate 1: Bearing area,
Bearing stress,
Hence the
maximum P
Plate 2: Bearing area, is 80kN
Bearing stress,
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
The rigid bar AB is supported by

steel rod AC having a diameter
of 20mm and an aluminium
block having a cross-sectional
area of 1800mm2. the 18mm
diameter pins at A and C are
subjected to a single shear. If the
failure stress for the steel and
aluminium is (σst)fail = 680MPa
and (σal)fail = 70MPa
respectively and failure shear
stress for each pin is τfail =
900MPa. Determine the largest
load P that can be applied to
the bar.
(FS = 2)
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
3 unknown from the FBD. Hence apply equation of

equilibrium.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
Rod AC
Substitute the value of FAC in

eq. (1)
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
Block
B
Substitute the value of FB in eq.

(2)
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
Pin A or C
Substitute the value of FAC in

eq. (1)
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
P = 171kN
Hence, what’s the maximum P
P = 168kN
that can be applied to the AB
P = 183kN
bar??
P = 168kN because it develops the allowable

normal stress in the aluminium block and to
the structure itself.
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
The inclined member in figure is subjected to a

compressive force of 3000N. Determine;
a) The average compressive stress along the
smooth area of contact defined by AB and BC
b) The average shear stress along the horizontal
plane defined by EDB
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
Find FAB and FBC and V
a) average compressive stress
along AB and BC
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

EXAMPLE
Shear stress
Normal stress
MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Chapter 1.3

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Chapter 1.3

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DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

STRESS CAN BE CLASSIFY AS:

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SYMBOL FOR NORMAL STRESS IS SIGMA ( σ )

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

3 SUB TYPES FOR NORMAL STRESS

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

WHEN FORCE ACTS OUTWARD (AWAY) FROM

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS BEARING

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS BEARING 1

FORCE ACT AT NORMAL DIRECTION WITH AREA (A)

and Pad Footing Column cross

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

NORMAL STRESS BEARING 2

NORMAL STRESS BEARING 3

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

BEARING STRESS (σ)

+ve ARROW POINTING -ve ARROW POINTING

V is a common symbol use for internal SHEAR FORCE.

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

1 Pascal = 1 N/m2 , kN/m2 ,MN/m2 ,GN/m2

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

INTERNAL FBD INTERNAL FBD

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - SINGLE

FBD OF BOTTOM PLATE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - DOUBLE

WHEN THERE ARE

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - DOUBLE

Double lap joint

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

SHEAR STRESS DIRECT - DOUBLE

Single lap joint

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Contact area are

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

Punching stress ( σ ) = Force/Area

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

CONTACT AREA D=50 mm

MJK CeDS DAC 12503

CONVENTION FOR AREA